READING & WRITING

LEARNING MODULE 2: WEEK 2

Patterns of Written Texts across Disciplines
(Adapted from Quipper School)

Name: Grade & Section: Score:

Teacher: Date:

Learning Competency

Compare and contrast patterns of written texts across disciplines

Objectives

⚫ Distinguish among patterns of development in writing namely,

comparison and contrast, cause and effect, problem-solution, and process
analysis;
Differentiate the uses of those patterns in writing across disciplines;
Create short paragraphs/essays for each of the patterns of development
in writing.

Let’s Understand

Patterns for Development in Writing 1

1. Narration- tells or recounts in time sequence what happened to someone or to
something, which may be fictional or true. A narration tells a story.
2. Description- provides information on what a person, an object, a place, or a
situation is like. It appeals to the reader’s senses, allowing him or her to see, hear,
taste, smell, or feel the subject.
3. Definition- explains a concept, a term, or a subject. Its main purpose is to tell
what something is.
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4. Exemplification- may be used to show or illustrate the characteristics of the

rest or the whole of something.
5. Classification- is the process of explaining something by dividing or grouping it
into types of categories.

Patterns for Development in Writing 2

Authors can use different patterns to organize their ideas and
to structure their writing. Comparing people, things, places, events,
situations, and even ideas is done to illustrate how they are similar to
each other. Some words that signal similarities are also, like, both,
as…as, similarly, in the same way, equally important, and
likewise.
Below is an example of comparison.
The old formulation of the drug (MAC) and the new formulation
(MAC-II) have similar effects on the test mice. Within 7 days, both mice
lost weight. Mouse A, which is treated with MAC, lost 2.2 grams (g), while
mouse B, which is treated with MAC-II, lost 2.4
g. Also, there was no increase in hair growth on both subjects. Lastly,
the mice similarly exhibited low energy levels. Mouse A started to
become lethargic on day 4, while mouse B became lethargic on day 5.
Contrasting people, things, places, events, situations, or ideas,
on the other hand, is done to illustrate their differences from each
other. Some words that signal contrast are but, however, though, on
the other hand, and in contrast.
Below is an example of a paragraph that shows contrast between two things.

In the venture capital industry, a start-up company can either be a “unicorn” or a

“bust.” Unicorns have a valuation of over $1 billion, a high market interest, and a
novel product. On the other hand, busts fail to reach their minimum funding goal,
have a low market interest, and have a mediocre product.

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 A paragraph that shows comparison and contrast has a unifying idea
or purpose. There must be a balance in such a way that there is an equal
amount of information for each subject to avoid bias. Take a look at the
following example:
Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo are regarded as two of the greatest
artists of the Renaissance. Both were geniuses; they mastered techniques that
made them superior to their contemporaries. They were also similarly interested
in anatomy, which helped them produce highly realistic works. However, they
each had a distinct style. Da Vinci developed a style that was feminine and full
of light. On the other hand, Michelangelo preferred his works to be masculine
and dark.
A cause states why something happens while an effect is what happens.
If they are combined together, they can be used as a writing development
pattern. With the cause- and-effect pattern, the writer can better explain how
an event or action leads to another.
The following words can be used
as signal words for cause and
effect:
I. as a result
II. accordingly
III. because of (this)
IV. due to (this)
V. consequently
VI. hence/therefore/thus
A problem is defined as an unsatisfactory situation that causes
troubles or difficulties that need to be solved. Thus, it necessitates a solution,
a way to deal with the situation so that the troubles or difficulties are removed.
In writing across disciplines, the problem-solution pattern of development is
used to deal with topics that logically pose problems and present solutions.
As a pattern of development in writing, a process analysis discusses the
steps taken in a given process. The term process refers to a series of actions
or steps toward a specific end, while the term analysis refers to a detailed
examination. Often, the steps in a process happen over time and are presented
in a chronological manner.
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Process analysis texts make use of transitional words, such as

first, second, then, lastly, and finally.
Some process analysis texts are instructional or directive. They teach the readers
steps that lead to a particular result.

Let’s Apply

A. Answer the following. Write your answer on a clean answer sheet.

1. ______________ is identifying the similarities between subjects.

2. ______________ is identifying the differences between subjects.
3. The two books that I have read recently are quite similar. The first one
has a heroine who fights against abusive people. Similarly, the heroine
of the other novel goes against a company that exploits its employees.
Nonetheless, I enjoyed reading both. Which word(s) in the paragraph
signals comparison?
4. These two brands of chocolates have a distinct aroma and taste.
Chocolate A smells a little bit of mint. Even the taste is minty, but it does
not overpower the sweetness of the chocolate. On the other hand,
Chocolate B tastes like coconut and peanut butter. The smell is still
enticing though. Which phrase in the paragraph signals contrast?
5. What kind of graphic organizer can be best used to show comparison
and contrast?

Let’s Analyze

Read the sentences below. Write the answer/s on your answer sheet.

1. It tells why something happens.

2. It states what happens after.

3. What is the purpose of the cause-and-effect pattern?

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 Let’s Try

List down three problems that you have encountered before and share how
you solved each one.

YOUR PROBLEMS YOUR SOLUTIONS

1.

2.

3.

Then, answer the question on your answer sheet in 3-5 sentences: What did
you realize about yourself after solving your own problems?

Let’s Create (Group Article)

Goal
Form a group of three. Your task is to write a five-paragraph
essay that uses the pattern of development in writing assigned to
you.

Role
You are a group of writers that are tasked to work together
to write an article for your school paper.

Audience
Your audience are your schoolmates, teachers, and your family.
Situation

Your group is assigned to write a five-paragraph article that will be

published in your school paper. However, you are assigned to write an article
that uses a specific pattern of development in writing.

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 Standards and Criteria for Success

Your project will be graded using the rubric below:

Beginning Developing Accomplished
Criteria Score
(0-12 points) (13-16 points) (17-20 points)
The article has a
The article has a
The article has no clear and concise
thesis statement
clear thesis thesis statement.
although it can still
statement. The It has a clear
Content be improved. Some
topic and establishment of
subtopics have no
subtopics have no the topic and
clear connection to
clear connection. subtopics.
the topic.
The article has a
smooth
There is no transition from
Most of the ideas in
smooth transition one point to
the article have
from one idea to another.
smooth transitions.
another. Three or Relationships of
Organization One to two
more transition ideas are clearly
transition markers
markers are shown due to the
are inappropriately
inappropriately appropriate use
used.
used. of transition
markers.

There are four or

Language more errors in There two to three There are no
(spelling, spelling, errors in spelling, errors in spelling,
mechanics, mechanics, mechanics, mechanics,
grammar, and grammar, and grammar, and grammar, and
language usage) language usage. language usage. language usage.

The article was

submitted two to The article was The article was
three days after submitted one day submitted on or
Punctuality
the given after the given before the given
deadline. deadline. deadline.

The article has an

The article has an The article has an
introduction, body,
introduction, body, introduction, body, and
Parts of an essay and conclusion. It has
and conclusion. It has conclusion. It has four
five paragraphs.
three paragraphs. paragraphs.
The group
The group employed their
employed their assigned pattern
Use of the The group did not assigned pattern; throughout their
assigned pattern employ their however, the topic article, and the
of development assigned pattern. chosen is not topic is
suitable to the appropriate for
pattern. the pattern.

Score