2538A Single Channel Ground Airborne Radio System

MCI 2538A
MARINE CORPS INSTITUTE
SINGLE CHANNEL GROUND

AIRBORNE RADIO SYSTEM
(SINCGARS)
MARINE BARRACKS
WASHINGTON, DC
UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS
MARINE CORPS INSTITUTE
912 CHARLES POOR STREET SE
WASHINGTON NAVY YARD DC 20391-5680
IN REPLY REFER TO:
1550
Ser 2538
15 Jun 97
MCI 2538 SINGLE CHANNEL GROUND AIRBORNE RADIO SYSTEM (SINCGARS)
1. Purpose. MCI COURSE 2538, Single Channel Ground Airborne System (SINCGARS),
provides instruction to all Marines with basic knowledge in operating the SINCGARS.
2. Scope. MCI 2538 is designed to provide Marines with information and instruction applicable
to performing duties as an incidental radio operator. The course emphasizes how to assemble,
operate, and maintain the SINCGARS.
3. Applicability. This course is intended for instructional purposes only. It is designed for use
by all Marines.
4. Recommendations. Comments and recommendations on the contents of the course are

invited and will aid in subsequent course revisions. Please complete the course evaluation
questionnaire at the end of the final examination. Return the questionnaire and the examination
booklet to your proctor.
G. WHITE
Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps
Deputy Director
(This page intentionally left blank.)
Table of Contents
Page
Contents ............................................................................................................................ i
Student Information .......................................................................................................... iii
Study Guide ...................................................................................................................... v
Study Unit 1 Introduction/Characteristics of the Single Channel Ground

Airborne Radio System (SINCGARS) ......................................... 1-1
Lesson 1 Characteristics and Capabilities of SINCGARS Equipment ........ 1-1

Exercise......................................................................................... 1-10
Lesson 2 SINCGARS Controls and Indicators ............................................ 1-12
Unit Exercise................................................................................. 1-24
Study Unit 2 Prepare the Single Channel Ground Airborne Radio System
(SINCGARS) ................................................................................ 2-1
Lesson 1 Set up Procedures for the SINCGARS for Single Channel (SC)
Operation....................................................................................... 2-1
Exercise......................................................................................... 2-8
Lesson 2 Prepare the SINCGARS Using Communication Security
(COMSEC) and Local Fills for Operation.................................... 2-9
Exercise......................................................................................... 2-33
Study Unit 3 Operate the Single Channel Ground Airborne Radio System
(SINCGARS) ................................................................................ 3-1
Lesson 1 Single Channel Operation Procedures Indicators ......................... 3-1

Exercise......................................................................................... 3-14
Lesson 2 Frequency Hopping Operations .................................................... 3-16
Exercise......................................................................................... 3-31
Unit Exercise................................................................................. 3-33
Review Lesson .................................................................................................................. R-1
Glossary ............................................................................................................................ G-1
Bibliography .....................................................................................................................
MCI Course 2538 i

MCI Course 2538 ii

Student Information
Number and MCI 2538

Title SINGLE CHANNEL GROUND AIRBORNE RADIO SYSTEM
(SINCGARS)
Study Hours 16
Course Text
Materials
Review Agency MCCES – Marine Corps Communication Electronics School
Reserve 5
Retirement
Credits (RRC)
ACE Course submitted for review by the American Council on Education.
Assistance For administrative assistance, have your training officer or NCO log on to the
MCI home page at www.mci.usmc.mil. Marines CONUS may call toll free
1-800-MCI-USMC. Marines worldwide may call commercial (202) 685-
7596 or DSN 325-7596.
Continued on next page
MCI Course 2538 iii

Student Information, Continued
Computer Computer based training is also available for this course. This software is not
Based Training a requirement for course completion. THE CBT is considered a job aid that
(CBT) will give the student some “hands on” with the SINCGARS without actually
using the equipment. If your paper-based course arrived without the
SINCGARS CBT enclosed, and you would like a copy of the software, simply
request it from MCI through one of the following methods:
Phone
• Commercial: (202) 685-7620

• DSN: 325-7620
Mail
Marine Corps Institute

912 Charles Poor Street SE
Washington Navy Yard DC 20391-5680
Minimum • 4.3 MB disk space

System • 520K free conventional memory
Requirements
• DOS 3.5 or above (if DOS version is less than version 6.0, then Files &
Buffers in config.sys must be set to at least 15)
If you have any problems during installation, consult your unit’s Information
Systems Management Office (ISMO).
MCI Course 2538 iv

Study Guide
Congratulations Congratulations on your enrollment in a distance education course from the

Distance Learning and Technologies Department (DLTD) of the Marine
Corps Institute (MCI). Since 1920, the Marine Corps Institute has been
helping tens of thousands of hard-charging Marines, like you, improve their
technical job performance skills through distance learning. By enrolling in
this course, you have shown a desire to improve the skills you have and
master new skills to enhance your job performance. The distance learning
course you have chosen, MCI 2538, Single Channel Ground Airborne Radio
System (SINCGARS), will familiarize the incidental radio operator with the
operation of the AN/PRC-119 manpack configuration of the Single Channel
Ground and Airborne Radio System (SINCGARS) family of radios.
Your Personal • YOU ARE PROPERLY MOTIVATED. You have made a positive
Characteristics decision to get training on your own. Self-motivation is perhaps the most
important force in learning or achieving anything. Doing whatever is
necessary to learn is motivation. You have it!
• YOU SEEK TO IMPROVE YOURSELF. You are enrolled to improve

those skills you already possess, and to learn new skills. When you
improve yourself, you improve the Corps!
• YOU HAVE THE INITIATIVE TO ACT. By acting on your own, you

have shown you are a self-starter, willing to reach out for opportunities to
learn and grow.
• YOU ACCEPT CHALLENGES. You have self-confidence and believe

in your ability to acquire knowledge and skills. You have the self-
confidence to set goals and the ability to achieve them, enabling you to
meet every challenge.
• YOU ARE ABLE TO SET AND ACCOMPLISH PRACTICAL

GOALS. You are willing to commit time, effort, and the resources
necessary to set and accomplish your goals. These professional traits will
help you successfully complete this distance learning course.
MCI Course 2538 v

Study Guide, Continued
Beginning Your Before you actually begin this course of study, read the student information
Course page. If you find any course materials missing, notify your training officer or
training NCO. If you have all the required materials, you are ready to begin.
To begin your course of study, familiarize yourself with the structure of the
course text. One way to do this is to read the table of contents. Notice the
table of contents covers specific areas of study and the order in which they are
presented. You will find the text divided into several study units. Each study
unit is comprised of two or more lessons and lesson exercises.
Leafing Leaf through the text and look at the course. Read a few lesson exercise
Through the questions to get an idea of the type of material in the course. If the course has
Text additional study aids, such as a handbook or plotting board, familiarize
yourself with them.
The First Study Turn to the first page of study unit 1. On this page, you will find an
Unit introduction to the study unit and generally the first study unit lesson. Study
unit lessons contain learning objectives, lesson text, and exercises.
Reading the Learning objectives describe in concise terms what the successful learner,
Learning you, will be able to do as a result of mastering the content of the lesson text.
Objectives Read the objectives for each lesson and then read the lesson text. As you read
the lesson text, make notes on the points you feel are important.
Completing the To determine your mastery of the learning objectives and text, complete the
Exercises exercises developed for you. Exercises are located at the end of each lesson,
and at the end of each study unit. Without referring to the text, complete the
exercise questions and then check your responses against those provided.
MCI Course 2538 vi

Continuing to Continue on to the next lesson, repeating the above process until you have
March completed all lessons in the study unit. Follow the same procedures for each
study unit in the course.
Preparing for To prepare for your final exam, you must review what you learned in the
the Final Exam course. The following suggestions will help make the review interesting and
challenging.
• CHALLENGE YOURSELF. Try to recall the entire learning sequence

without referring to the text. Can you do it? Now look back at the text to
see if you have left anything out. This review should be interesting.
Undoubtedly, you’ll find you were not able to recall everything. But with
a little effort, you’ll be able to recall a great deal of the information.
• USE UNUSED MINUTES. Use your spare moments to review. Read

your notes or a part of a study unit, rework exercise items, review again;
you can do many of these things during the unused minutes of every day.
• APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED. It is always best to use the

skill or knowledge you’ve learned as soon as possible. If it isn’t possible
to actually use the skill or knowledge, at least try to imagine a situation in
which you would apply this learning. For example make up and solve
your own problems. Or, better still, make up and solve problems that use
most of the elements of a study unit.
• USE THE “SHAKEDOWN CRUISE” TECHNIQUE. Ask another

Marine to lend a hand by asking you questions about the course. Choose
a particular study unit and let your buddy “fire away.” This technique can
be interesting and challenging for both of you!
• MAKE REVIEWS FUN AND BENEFICIAL. Reviews are good habits

that enhance learning. They don’t have to be long and tedious. In fact,
some learners find short reviews conducted more often prove more
beneficial.
MCI Course 2538 vii

Tackling the When you have completed your study of the course material and are confident
Final Exam with the results attained on your study unit exercises, take the sealed envelope
marked “FINAL EXAM” to your unit training NCO or training officer.
Your training NCO or officer will administer the final examination and return
the examination and the answer sheet to MCI for grading. Before taking your
final examination, read the directions on the DP-37 answer sheet carefully.
Completing The sooner you complete your course, the sooner you can better yourself by
Your Course applying what you’ve learned! HOWEVER--you do have 2 years from the
date of enrollment to complete this course.
Graduating! As a graduate of this distance education course and as a dedicated Marine,

your job performance skills will improve, benefiting you, your unit, and the
Marine Corps.
Semper Fidelis!
MCI Course 2538 viii

STUDY UNIT 1
INTRODUCTION/CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SINGLE CHANNEL GROUND

AIRBORNE RADIO SYSTEM (SINCGARS)
Introduction. What is the Single Channel Ground Airborne Radio System (SINCGARS),
and what is its purpose? In simple terms, SINCGARS serves as the Marine Corps' new
tactical radio and is the future voice of combat communications. It replaces the current
family of tactical radios. The radios of yesteryears are no longer reliable and are costly to
maintain. Most of all, they do not protect you from the threat of electronic warfare. The
radio system (SINCGARS) is not only cost effective for the Marine Corps, but serves as a
tool; a defensive weapon you can use to meet the enemy and survive. This study unit will
enable you to identify the components that make up the manpack and vehicle
configurations.
SINCGARS, a vital piece of equipment, is part of the Integrated Communications (ICOM).

The purpose of SINCGARS ICOM is to provide the Marine Corps' communicator with
means of short-range voice and data communications with frequency hopping capabilities,
using manpack or vehicular configurations. Using SINCGARS ICOM establishes the fact
that the KY-57, or compatible component, has been integrated or built into the radio.
Lesson 1. CHARACTERISTICS AND CAPABILITIES OF SINCGARS EQUIPMENT
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Describe the SINCGARS radio.
2. List the characteristics of the SINCGARS radio.
3. Identify the SINCGARS family of radios.
4. List the configurations of the SINCGARS radio using the RT-1523.
1101. Describe the SINCGARS Radio
The SINCGARS is a very high frequency (VHF) system covering 30.000 and 87.975 megahertz
(MHz) in 25 kilohertz (kHz) channels. This radio is designed to provide secure voice and data
communications in a frequency hopping (FH) or single channel (SC) mode. When in the single
channel mode, it is compatible with the AN/VRC-12 family of radios to include the AN/PRC-77,
which it is replacing. The SINCGARS provides flexible means to support the flow of voice and
data information during highly mobile operations. The SINCGARS is an integral part of Marine
Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) command and control support (C2S) system. The most
important difference between SINCGARS and the older generation radio is SINCGARS' ability to
automatically change frequencies (frequency hop) in constant and rapid (about 100 frequencies
per second while transmitting) succession using a random pattern. The SINCGARS radio has SC
1-1
capability that allows interconnectivity with older radios and is compatible with allied nations'
VHF equipment.
Try the challenge.
(Complete the statement)
1. The most significant difference between SINCGARS and the older generation
radio is ___________________________________________________________.
a. SINCGARS' ability to automatically change frequencies (frequency hop)

b. SINCGARS is more cost effective
c. SINCGARS is more reliable
d. SINCGARS weighs less
If your answer to this challenge is "a," you are correct. The most important difference between
SINCGARS and the older generation radio is SINCGARS' ability to automatically change
frequencies (frequency hop). You may continue. If your answer is different, review paragraph
1101.
1102. Recognize the Characteristics of the SINCGARS
The following information describes the characteristics, capabilities, and the applicability of the
SINCGARS controls (knob, switches, etc.). This information is essential to you as an incidental
radio operator. Your job as operator involves entering data, using the keyboard, using local fill
devices, and responding to the Net Control Station (NCS) messages. Once you are able to
recognize and understand the characteristics, you should have no difficulty in operating the
SINCGARS. Study the following characteristics so you may remember them.
a. Type of Modulation. Frequency Modulated (FM).
b. Frequency Range. 30.000 MHz to 87.975 MHz.
c. Channel Spacing. 25 kHz.
d. Channels of Operation. 2,320.
e. Frequency Offset Ability. + or -5 (or 10) and 10 kHz.
f. Number of Preset Channels. Eight in single channel mode and six in frequency hopping
mode.
1-2
g. Emissions. Voice, secure voice, and digital data.
h. Radio Frequency (RF) Power Output. Low (LO): 500 Microwatts; Medium (M): 160
Milliwatts; High (HI): 4 Watts; and PA (Power Amp): 50 Watts (PA is used only in the
vehicular configuration.)
i. Power Requirement. Manpack: 13.5 VDC (1 BA-5590 or BB-590); and Vehicular: 27.5
VDC.
j. Rated Range. Power Distances: LO PWR - 500 Microwatts, 330 yards; M PWR - 160
Milliwatts; 2.5 Miles, HI PWR - 4 Watts; 5 miles; and PA (Power Amp) - 50 Watts; 22 miles.
k. Modes of Operation. Single Channel - (SC); Frequency Hopping (FH); Frequency Hopping
Master - (FH-M); Retransmission - SC to SC, SC to FH, FH - FH Electronic Remote Fill (ERF)
relay; and Remote - in either plain or cipher text with AN/GRA-39, control-monitor, or Control
Receiver-Transmitter C-11561 (C)/U.
l. Tuning. Electronic frequency entered manually by using the keyboard. Up to eight single
channels and six FH channels can be loaded and later selected using CHAN (channel) switch.
m. Electronic Counter-Counter Measure (ECCM) Capable. Nothing more than the capability
to overcome or avoid jamming. SINCGARS is capable of frequency hopping (randomly changing
frequencies while maintaining communication). These systems will frequency hop at a rate of
6,000 frequencies per minute.
You now should try the following challenges to see if you remember the important characteristics
of the SINCGARS.
(Circle letter of the correct response)
1. What is the operating frequency of the SINCGARS?
a. 2.000 to 29.999 MHz c. 30.000 to 87.975 MHz

b. 30.00 to 75.95 MHz d. 30.000 to 99.975 MHz
1-3
2. What is the channel spacing for the SINCGARS?
a. 5-10 kHz c. 50 kHz

b. 25 kHz d. 30 kHz
3. What is the number of available channels on the SINCGARS?
a. 200 frequencies c. 6,000 frequencies

b. 2,320 frequencies d. 8,000 frequencies
Your answers should be 1. c, 2. b, 3. b. If you answered correctly; continue. If your answers are
different, reread paragraph 1102 before continuing.
1103. Identify the SINCGARS Family of Radios
There are several members of the SINCGARS family of radios. They are used in situations based
on mission requirements and situational factors. Each radio provides you with all of the
communication necessities to attain a mission assignment. The RT-1523 is used in all
configurations of SINCGARS. The nomenclature of each system depends on what the RT-1523
is configured with and how. There are different models of RT-1523s: such as RT-1523A,
RT-1523B, RT-1523C. The nomenclature of each configuration will coincide with the model of
RT-1523 being used. For instance, a manpack configuration using the RT-1523B will be an
AN/PRC-119B. Although there are different models available, there should be no major
operational differences to the incidental operator. The following table identifies each radio and its
range capability.
1-4
Table 1-1. SINCGARS Family of Radios and Components
DESCRIPTIVE TITLE NOMENCLATURE

Manpack Radio Set AN/PRC-119B
Dual Long-Range Vehicle Radio Set AN/VRC-92A
Short-Range Vehicle Radio Set AN/VRC-88A
Vehicle Antenna AS-3900
Try the challenge that follows.
Matching: For items in column 1, match with the correct nomenclature in column 2.
Use the spaces provided for the correct response.
Column 1 Column 2
Item Nomenclature
1. Dual Long-Range Vehicle a. AN/PRC-119B

Radio Set b. RT-1523 (C)/U
2. Vehicle Antenna c. AN/VRC-88A
3. Receiver-Transmitter d. AN/VRC-92A
4. Short-Range Vehicle Radio Set e. AN/VRC-119A
5. Manpack Radio Set f. AS-3900
Your response should be as follows: 1. d, 2. f, 3. b, 4. c, 5. a. If your answers to the challenge

are the same, continue. If not, review paragraph 1103 before continuing.
1104. Identify SINCGARS Configurations Using the RT-1523
The RT-1523 can be used with different configurations of SINCGARS. The range of use is from
the simplest manpack version to the most complex vehicular retransmit (RXMT) setup. The
Marine Corps uses numerous versions of SINCGARS. As a Marine Corps incidental radio
operator, you will most commonly see the following versions:
1-5
a. Manpack (MP) (AN/PRC-119B). (See figure 1-1.)
Fig 1-1. Manpack (MP) (AN/PRC-119B).
(1) Manpack Antenna. Radiates/receives RF signals for the RT.
(2) Receiver-Transmitter (RT). VHF-FM Combat Net Radio. Provides primary means
of command and control voice, secure voice, and digital data.
(3) Handset. This device is used for voice communications.
(4) Battery Box. Connects to the RT and protects the battery. It also houses and
provides interconnection with the remote control unit (RCU) via the line binding post
mounted on the bottom.
(5) Battery. The battery is located in the battery box. It supplies the 13.5 VDC needed
to operate the manpack and is connected to RT for power. The battery supplies
the primary energy source for operation.
(6) Field pack. This device is used to transport the AN/PRC-119B. Field packs may
differ in design.
1-6
b. The Dual Long-Range/Long-Range (LR/LR) Vehicular Radio Set (AN/VRC-92A). (See
figure 1-2.)
Fig 1-2. Dual Long-Range/Long-Range (LR/LR) (AN/VRC-92A).
(1) Vehicular Antenna. Radiates/receives Radio Frequency (RF) signals for the RT
mounted on vehicle. (AS-3900 or AS-3916, part of installation kit.)
(2) Power Amplifier. Provides 50 watts of RF power during transmission. Slides into
mounting adapter, mates with jack at rear of adapter. A second unit is used to
mount the LR/LR using a separate mounting base.
(3) Power Amplifier Mount. Provides control interface and support to second power
amplifier.
(4) Control Monitor (CM) (if used). Connects to mounting adapter connector J9 or to
power supply adapter connector J3. Use to remotely control RT (one CM can
control up to three RTs). (Part of installation kit.)
(5) Handset. Use for voice communication. Connects to amplifier AUD/DATA AJ3
(when RT is mounted in a power supply adapter). When using a handset, connect it
to the amplifier adapter connector AUD/DATA AJ3.
1-7
(6) Mounting Adapter. Provides interface and support to RT and power amplifier (in LR
radios). It mounts in the mounting base.
(7) Loudspeaker. The loudspeaker-control unit, LS-671/U (loudspeaker), monitors RT

voice/audio communication. Connects to mounting base connector J3 for RT in
position A or J4 (for RT in position B). You may also use the LS-454/U loudspeaker
which connects to J6.
(8) Mounting Base. Supports mounting adapter. Bolted on vehicle.
(9) Receiver-Transmitter (RT). Slides into mounting adapter or power supply adapter;
mates with jack at rear of adapter. The RT in position A is always the bottom RT.
The RT in position B is always the upper RT.
Note: If you use an SR/LR, the RT in position A is the LR/RT and the RT in position
B is the SR/RT.
1-8
c. Short-Range (SR) (AN/VRC-88A). (See figure 1-3.)
Fig 1-3. Short-Range (SR) (AN/VRC-88A).
(1) Vehicular Antenna. Radiates/receives RF signals for the RT mounted on vehicle.

(AS-3900 or AS-3916, part of installation kit.)
(2) Mounting Adapter. Provides interface and support to the RT and power amplifier.
(3) Handset/Headset. Use for voice communication. It connects to amplifier adapter

connector AUD/DATA AJ3 (when the RT is mounted in an amplifier adapter) or to
the RT connector AUD/FILL (when the RT is mounted in a power supply adapter).
When using a headset, connect to amplifier adapter connector AUD/DATA AJ3.
(4) Control Monitor (CM) (if used). Connects to mounting adapter connector J9.
Connects to power supply adapter connector J3. Enables you to remotely control the
RT (one CM can control up to three RTs).
(5) Loudspeaker. The loudspeaker-control unit, LS-671/U (loudspeaker), monitors the

RT voice/audio communication. Connects to mounting base connector J3 for RT in
position A or J4 (for RT in position B). You may also use the LS-454/U
loudspeaker which connects to J6.
(6) Mounting base. Supports mounting base. Bolts to the vehicle.
(7) Receiver-Transmitter (RT). Slides into mounting adapter or power supply adapter;
mates with jack at rear of adapter.
1-9
Lesson Summary. In this lesson, you were given a description of the SINCGARS radio. You
learned its characteristics and configurations. In the next lesson, you will learn the operational
switches, controls and indicators, the keyboard, display panel, and each connector function.
Before continuing, complete the lesson exercise.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lesson 1 Exercise: Complete items 1 through 9 by performing the action required. Check
your responses against those listed at the end of this lesson.
1. The most significant difference between SINCGARS and the older generation radio
is .

2. What is the operating frequency of the SINCGARS?
a. 2.000 to 29.999 MHz c. 30.000 to 87.975 MHz

b. 30.00 to 75.95 MHz d. 30.000 to 99.975 MHz
3. What is the channel spacing for the SINCGARS?
a. 5-10 kHz c. 30 kHz

b. 25 kHz d. 50 kHz
4. What are the number of available channels on the SINCGARS radio?
a. 200 frequencies c. 6,000 frequencies

b. 2,320 frequencies d. 8,000 frequencies
1-10
Matching: For items 5 through 9, match the equipment in column 1 with the correct
nomenclature in column 2. Use the space provided for the correct response.
Column 1 Column 2
Equipment Nomenclature

8. Short-Range Vehicle Radio Set e. AN/VRC-119B
9. Manpack Radio Set f. AS-3900
Lesson 1 Exercise Solution
Reference
1. a. 1101
2. c. 1102
3. b. 1102
4. b. 1102
5. d. 1103
6. f. 1103
7. b. 1103
8. c. 1103
9. a. 1103
1-11
Lesson 2. SINCGARS CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Identify the functions of the RT-1523 receiver transmitter controls and indicators.
2. Explain the functions of the RT-1523 receiver transmitter controls and indicators.
3. Identify the functions of the RT-1523 keyboard.
4. Explain the functions of the RT-1523 keyboard.
5. Identify the functions of the display panel.
6. Explain the functions of the display panel.
7. Identify the functions of each connector.
8. Explain the functions of each connector.
1201. Identify and Explain the Functions of the RT-1523 Receiver Controls and Indicators
In lesson 1, you were given a description of the SINCGARS radio. You learned its characteristics
and configurations. Now, you will learn more about the receiver transmitter and its controls and
indicators. All of the controls and indicators are located on the control panel. (See figure 1-4.)
Fig 1-4. Control panel.
1-12
The following controls and indicators are located on the control panel. You should recognize
them, know their functions, and know their uses. Study them carefully.
a. ANT (antenna) connector. The ANT connector allows you to connect the manpack
antenna. When a vehicle is used, you will be able to connect the antenna to the RT using antenna
cable. You will also be able to connect to the power amplifier using antenna cable. (See figure
1-5.)
Fig 1-5. ANT (antenna) connector.
b. CHAN (channel) switch. Use the CHAN switch to select manual preset and CUE
frequencies. You can also use this switch to select frequency hopset. (See figure 1-6.)
(1) CUE is used to contact a frequency hop net when you are not a member.
(2) The MAN setting is used to perform COLD START net openings.
(3) The 1 through 6 preset channels are used for single channel (SC), frequency
hopping (FH), or COMSEC key data.
Fig 1-6. CHAN (channel) switch.
1-13
c. SIG (signal) display. The SIG display is used to show the approximate signal strength. The
marker will illuminate from a dim (LO) to a high (HI). The variation will tell you the strength of
the signal that is being transmitted. The stronger the illumination that appears, the stronger the
transmission. The radio frequency (RF) switch allows you to determine the transmittal strength as
required. (See figure 1-7.)
Fig 1-7. SIG (signal) display.
d. Keyboard display window. The keyboard display window provides you with a variety of
information for the operator. It displays single channel (SC) frequencies, error messages, FH
data, data rates, etc. It will also respond to keyboard entries according to the operation you are
performing. (See figure 1-8.)
Fig 1-8. Keyboard display window.
1-14
e. COMSEC switch. The COMSEC switch sets the COMSEC mode in which the RT will
operate. There are four operating positions that you may use. The remaining position allows you
to delete crypto data from the radio. They are (see figure 1-9):
(1) PT (Plain Text) is a nonsecure mode of operation.

(2) CT (Cipher Text) is a secure mode of operation.
(3) TD (Time Delay) is used to compensate for transmission delays between
communication links.
(4) RV (Receive Variable) is used when receiving remote COMSEC fills.
(5) Z (Zeroize) is used to zerioze COMSEC fills. This will remove all crypto software
data in the radio.
Fig 1-9. COMSEC switch.
f. HUB (hold up battery). The HUB retains memory of RT, to include COMSEC fills, using a
BA-1372 or a BA-5372. (See figure 1-10.)
Fig 1-10. HUB (hold up battery).
1-15
g. AUD/FILL (audio fill) and AUD/DATA (audio data). Use the fill cable to load the
COMSEC keys or FH data. It is also used to connect the handset. You must move the handset
from the AUD/FILL connector (figure 1-11A) to the AUD/DATA connector (figure 1-11B) to
transmit data. It connects to the handset or mounting adapter during normal operations. During
data operations, use it to connect to external devices or the mounting adapter for tactical use.
COMSEC fills and FH data can only be loaded into the AUD/FILL connector. If you try to
attach the fill cable to the AUD/DATA, COMSEC FH information will not transfer.
(A) (B)
Fig 1-11. AUD/FILL and AUD/DATA.
h. RXMT (retransmit) connector. Use the RXMT connector to connect retransmit cable
during retransmission operations. (See figure 1-12.)
Fig 1-12. RXMT connector.
1-16
i. RF power switch. The RF power switch adjusts the transmission distance. The following
settings will give you the power output and ranges. (See figure 1-13.)
(1) LO--500 microwatts power out, 0 - 300 meters
(2) M--160 milliwatts power out, .3 - 4 kilometers
(3) HI--4 Watts power out, 4 - 8 kilometers
(4) PA--50 power out, 8 - 35 kilometers (use only with long-range radios)
Fig 1-13. RF power switch.
1-17
j. FCTN (function) switch. The FCTN switch allows you to set the function for the receiver
transmitter. The LD switch allows you to load crypto data. The TST switch allows you to test
the radio to ensure it is operating correctly. The normal operating positions are squelch (SQ) ON
and OFF, retransmit (RXMT), and remote (REM). Pull the knob outward as you turn to position
the switch in the off standby (STBY), and zeroize (Z) FH positions. (See figure 1-14).
Fig 1-14. FCTN (function) switch.
k. DIM control switch. This switch allows you to control the brightness and darkness of the
display window. (See figure 1-15.)
(1) Turn right (clockwise) to brighten.
(2) Turn left (counterclockwise) to dim display.
(3) Turn left when you are wearing night vision goggles.
Fig 1-15. DIM control switch.
1-18
l. VOL/WHSP (volume/whisper) control. The VOL/WHSP control allows you to adjust the
audio volume. (See figure 1-16.)
(1) Turn right (clockwise) to increase volume.
(2) Turn left (counterclockwise) to reduce volume.
(3) Pull knob to turn on whisper function.
Note: Whisper control allows you to talk softly while transmitting but received at a
normal level.
Fig 1-16. VOL/WHSP (volume/whisper) control.
m. MODE switch. The MODE switch allows you to set the mode in which you will operate
the radio transmitter. There are three positions corresponding to the modes in which you may
operate the radio transmitter. These modes are the single channel (SC), frequency hopping (FH),
and the frequency hopping master (FH-M). (See figure 1-17.)
Fig. 1-17. MODE switch.
1-19
Try the challenge to test your memory of the various controls and switches.
Matching: For each of these items, match the functions in column 1 with the control or
switch in column 2. Place your responses in the spaces provided.
Column 1 Column 2
Function Control/Switch
1. Adjust the brightness and dark- a. MODE switch

ness of the display window. b. RXMT (retransmit) connector
2. Adjusts the transmission power c. HUB (hold up battery)
output. d. RF switch
3. Retains memory of RT, using a e. DIM control
BA-1372 or a BA-5372. f. AUD/FILL
4. Connects retransmit cable dur- g. FCTN switch
ing retransmission operations. h. COMSEC switch
5. Adjusts normal operation i. ANT connector
positions. j. SIG display
6. Connects the fill cable for the k. Keyboard display window
loading of COMSEC keys or FH l. CHAN switch
data. Also connects the handset. m. VOL/WHSP control
7. Selects manual preset, and CUE
frequencies. Also allows you to
select frequency hopset.
8. Allows you to connect the
antenna to the RT.
9. Shows approximate signal.
10. Controls audio volume.
11. Mode in which RT will operate.
12. Provides variety of information
SC frequencies, error mes-
sages, FH data, data rates, etc.
13. Sets the COMSEC mode in
which the RT will operate.
Your responses to the challenge should be as follows: 1. e, 2. d, 3. c, 4. b, 5. g, 6. f, 7. l, 8. i, 9. j,

10. m, 11. a, 12. k, 13. h. If your answers to the challenge are the same as above, you are correct
and may continue. If your answers are different, review paragraph 1201 before continuing.
1-20
1202. Identify the Functions of the Keyboard
The AN/PRC-119B keyboard consists of 16 keys. The purpose of the keyboard is to input and
check data. (See figure 1-18.)
Fig 1-18. SINCGARS keyboard.
a. CMSC/1 (COMSEC) key. Press this key to cause the COMSEC key to be displayed.
The display will read "TEK N" (N = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) or "TEK 6." The TEK can be changed by
pressing the CHG/7 key. Doing so will scroll through all available COMSEC keys. Also use this
key to enter the number 1.
b. */2 key. Press this key so the current state of the special COMSEC mode of
operation is shown on the display window. Refer to local Standing Operation Procedures (SOP)
before using this feature. The display on the screen will read ON or OFF. Pressing the CHG/7
key will change the display to the opposite state. Also use this key to enter number 2.
c. SYNC/3 (LATE ENTRY) key. Use for FH late entry procedure. Also use this key
to enter the number 3.
d. FREQ (FREQUENCY) key. Pressing this key will control the display of the RT SC
frequency or the RT hopset number. It is also used to display the SC frequency.
e. DATA/4 key. Press this key so the display window will show the operating rate. If
you press the CHG/7 key while a rate is displayed, you will be able to select a rate by scrolling
through available rates (600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 1600, AD1 TF, OFF). The rate or number
remaining on the display window becomes the new rate. This key is also used to enter the number
4.
1-21
f. FIVE key. Allows you to enter the number 5.
g. SIX key. Allows you to enter the number 6.
h. ERF/OFST (ERF/OFFSET) key. Use to transmit (send) FH ECCM remote fill data.
Also use to check and load SC offset frequency.
i. CHANGE/7 (CHG/7) key. Use with the DATA/4 key to select a new data rate. Use
with the */2 key to change function to opposite state. Use with the CMSC/1 key to select
operating COMSEC key. Also use this key to enter the number 7.
j. EIGHT key. Allows you to enter the number 8.
k. LOUT/9 (LOCK-OUT/9) key. Use to retrieve lockout set; also use to clear selected
lockout set and to enter the number 9.
l. ***/TIME key. Use to check and load RT FH "sync" time clock. When you press
the key three times, the display will show days (first press); hours and minutes (second press); and
minutes and seconds (third press).
m. CLR (CLEAR) key. Use this key to clear data from keyboard display if an error was
made during an entry or if there is a need to clear data from the RT memory.
n. LOAD/0 key. Use to move FH data from permanent memory (PM) into holding
memory (HM). Use to load FH data and COMSEC keys. Also use this key to enter the
number 0.
o. STO (STORE) key. Use for loading data. Transfer data from RT holding memory
into permanent memory.
p. BATT/CALL (BATTERY/CALL) key. Use to check and set battery life condition in
manpack radio. The call function is used with Control, Receiver Transmitter C-11561 (C)/U.
1-22
Try the challenge that follows.
Directions: Correctly identify each key by placing the corresponding letter to its
function found below.
a. Enters late entry procedure b. Shows the operating data rate

c. Shows current state of special d. Displays the RT SC frequency, or RT
COMSEC mode operation hopset number
e. Use with DATA/4 key to select new f. Use for loading data
data rate g. Enters number 8
h. Use to clear data from the keyboard i. Use to check the RT FH sync time clock
display j. Use to move FH data from PM to HM
k. Use to check and set battery life l. Use to retrieve lockout set, also clears
condition in manpack radio selected lockout set
m. Enters number 6 n. Use to send FH ECCM remote fill data
o. Enters number 5 p. Causes COMSEC key to be displayed
1-23
Your answer to the challenge should be as follows:
If your answer to the challenge is different, review paragraph 1202 before continuing. If your
answer is correct you may continue.
Lesson Summary. You have completed the final lesson in study unit 1, you should now be able to
list the controls on the SINCGARS radio and explain their functions. You can identify and
explain the functions of the operational switches and keyboard. You also know the purpose of
the display panel. Try the unit exercise before continuing.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Study Unit 1 Exercise: Complete items 1 through 32. Check your answers against those
provided.
1. The most significant difference between SINCGARS and the older generation
radio is ___________________________________________________________.

1-24
2. Identify the modulation of the SINCGARS.
a. Amplitude modulation c. Frequency modulation

b. Modulated continuous wave d. Unmodulated
3. Identify the operating frequency range of the SINCGARS.
a. 25.000 - 87.975 MHz c. 30.000 - 87.975 MHz

b. 29.975 - 79.975 MHz d. 35.000 - 87.975 MHz
4. Identify the channel spacing for the SINCGARS.
a. + or - 5/10 kHz c. 50 kHz

b. 25 kHz d. 2320
5. Identify the power requirement of the manpack configuration of the SINCGARS.
a. 13.5 VDC c. 25.5 VDC

b. 22.7 VDC d. 30.5 VDC
6. Identify the number of channels available to the SINCGARS.
a. 8 single channel and 6 frequency hopping

b. 920
c. 1120
d. 2320
Matching: For items 7 through 11, match the items in column 1 with the correct
nomenclature in column 2. Use the space provided for the correct response.
Column 1 Column 2
Items Nomenclature

10. Short-Range Vehicle Radio Set e. AN/VRC-119B
11. Manpack Radio Set f. AS 3900
1-25
12. There are three positions to the control switch.
a. MODE c. Cipher
b. COMSEC d. FCTN
13. The positions that you may use to set the COMSEC control switch are
a. CT, RT, RH, and RV. c. PT, RH, RV, TD, and Z.
b. PT, CT, TD, RV, and Z. d. PT, RT, CT, and RH.
14. The CHAN (channel) switch allows you to select the
a. manual, M, LD, HI, and PA frequencies.

b. manual, preset frequencies, CUE frequencies, and FH hopset.
c. manual and hopset.
d. preset, CUE frequencies, and FH hopset.
15. The RF allows you to select the following positions .
a. LO through HI c. LO, M, HI, or PA

b. LO, HI, or PA d. MAN, LO, HI, or PA
16. Identify the switch that contains the CUE position on the RT-1523.
a. CHAN c. COMSEC
b. MODE d. VOLUME/WHSP
1-26
Directions: For items 17 through 32, place the numeral of the function that correctly
identifies the key in the corresponding circle.
17. Causes COMSEC key to be displayed.

18. Use to retrieve lockout set, also clears selected lockout set.
19. Use to send FH ECCM remote fill data.
20. Use with DATA/4 key to select new data rate.
21. Use for loading data.
22. Enters number 6.
24. Use to clear data from the keyboard display.
25. Enters late entry procedure.
26. Use to check and set battery life condition in manpack radio.
27. Shows the operating data rate.
28. Use to move FH data from PM to HM.
29. Shows current state of special COMSEC mode operation.
31. Displays the RT SC frequency, or RT hopset number.
32. Use to check the RT FH "sync" time clock.
1-27
UNIT SUMMARY
In this study unit, you learned to describe the SINCGARS radio and to list its characteristics.
You can identify the SINCGARS family of radios. You can list the configurations of SINCGARS
radio using the RT-1523. You can also identify and explain the functions of the controls,
keyboard, and switches. In the next study unit, you will learn to set up and operate the
SINCGARS radio.
Study Unit 1 Exercise Solutions

Reference
1. a. 1101
2. c. 1102
3. c. 1102
4. b. 1102
5. a. 1102
6. d. 1102
7. d. 1103
8. f. 1103
9. b. 1103
10. c. 1103
11. a. 1103
12. a. 1201
13. b. 1201
14. b. 1201
15. c. 1201
16. a. 1201
17-32 see diagram on next page 1202
1-28
Answers for items 17 through 32.
1-29
STUDY UNIT 2
PREPARE THE SINGLE CHANNEL GROUND AIRBORNE RADIO SYSTEM

(SINCGARS) FOR OPERATION
Introduction: Preparing the Single Channel Ground Airborne Radio System (SINCGARS)
radio for operation is not an easy task. However, once you are introduced to the steps
necessary to establish a secure radio, you should have little or no difficulty. In this study
unit, you will acquire the skills and knowledge necessary to prepare the SINCGARS for
single channel (SC) operations. You will also learn the procedures used to assemble and
disassemble the AN/PRC-119B.
Lesson 1. SET UP PROCEDURES FOR THE SINCGARS FOR SINGLE CHANNEL

(SC) OPERATION
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. State the procedure to assemble the AN/PRC-119B radio for operation.
2. State the procedure to disassemble the AN/PRC-119B radio for storage.
2101. Assemble the AN/PRC-119B
There are two types of assembly for the AN/PRC-119B radio, the manpack and the vehicular
mounts. The vehicular mount will not be discussed in this lesson because the focus is primarily on
you as an incidental radio operator. The manpack version of SINCGARS is the configuration
most widely used by an incidental radio operator. (See figure 2-1.)
Note: The batteries are not components of the AN/PRC-119B.
Fig 2-1. Assembly of the AN/PRC-119B.
2-1
Assemble SINCGARS (AN/PRC-119B) radio. To assemble the radio you must perform the steps
as follows:
(1) Place the function (FCTN) switch on the radio transmitter (RT) in the OFF position.
(2) Stand the RT on its front panel guards. This will make installation of the battery and
the battery box easier. (See figure 2-2.)
Fig 2-2. RT standing on front panel guards.
(3) Visually inspect the battery box for dirt, and check the connecting pins for damage.
(See figure 2-3.)
Fig 2-3. Battery box.
2-2
(4) Place the battery (BA-5590/BB-590) on its side; then, insert the battery in the
battery box, ensuring you match the connectors on the battery with those inside
the battery box. (See figure 2-4.)
Fig 2-4. BA-5590/BB-590 battery inside battery box.
(5) Secure the battery box cover by latching the butterfly clips located on each side of
the battery box. (See figure 2-5.)
Fig 2-5. Battery box cover closed and secured with butterfly clips.
(6) Attach the battery box to the RT using the hold down latches. (See figure 2-6.)
Fig 2-6. Battery box positioned with hold down latches.
2-3
(7) Remove the HUB cover (see figure 2-7) by untightening and removing the two
screws. Lift the cover off the panel.
Fig 2-7. HUB cover.
(8) Position the battery (BA-1372/BA-5372) with the flat end positioned first. (See
figure 2-8.)
Fig 2-8. Battery (BA-1372/BA-5372) being inserted.
(9) Reposition the HUB cover and secure it using the two screws you untighten
previously. Secure the screws snugly enough to keep out moisture.
Caution: Do not cross thread the screws. It will damage the equipment.
2-4
(10) Hand tighten the manpack antenna AS-3683 to the antenna (ANT) connector
(figure 2-9A). Carefully mate the antenna to the connector to avoid damage to the
equipment. (See figure 2-9B.)
Caution: Do not cross thread the antenna. It will damage the antenna and radio.
(A) (B)
Fig 2-9. ANT connector and antenna positioned.
(11) Connect the handset (H-189/H-250) to the AUD/DATA connector on front of the
RT. (See figure 2-10.)
Fig 2-10. AUD/DATA connector and handset positioned.
Note: A handset or other audio accessories may be connected to the AUD/FILL

connector only after the radio has been filled with correct data.
2-5
(12) Conduct a self-test of the RT.
(a) Set the FCTN switch to Z-FH. "GOOD" will appear in the display window.
(See figure 2-11.)
Fig 2-11. "GOOD" appearing on display window.
(b) Set the FCTN switch to (LD) load.
(c) Ensure the data function is OFF by pressing the DATA/4 key on the keyboard.
Note: The word OFF will appear on the display window.
(d) Place the CHAN switch in the manual position.
(e) Place the FCTN switch in the TST position.
Note: The RT will go through a series of test and a final appearance of the word
"GOOD" will appear on the display window.
(f) Place the FCTN switch in the normal operating position (SQ ON).
If you follow these steps in the order as discussed, you will be able to assemble the SINCGARS
(AN/PRC-119B) radio. Study the steps listed below for a quick review. Then, on a clean sheet
of paper, write those steps in the order in which you must perform them. Check your steps with
those listed below. If they are the same, continue. If they are different, study paragraph 2101
again before continuing.
a. Set the FCTN switch to off.
b. Stand the RT on its face.
c. Visually inspect the battery box.
d. Place the BA-5590 or BB-590 in the battery box. Ensure the connectors are mated
properly.
e. Secure the battery box cover.
2-6
f. Attach the battery box to the RT using the hold down latches.
g. Remove the HUB cover and install the HUB battery.
h. Hand tighten the antenna with shock mount attached to the ANT connector on the RT.
i. Connect the handset to the AUD/DATA connector on front of the RT.
j. Set the FCTN switch to Z-FH position. If "GOOD" appears, continue with the
self-test.
2102. Disassemble the SINCGARS (AN/PRC-119B) Radio
Store your radio correctly to ensure maximum service when required. You must disassemble the
radio before storing it. When disassembling the radio, there are no sequential procedures to
follow. However, you must use care and caution when removing the components. Wipe each
component with a clean, dry cloth to remove any existing debris from each component you
remove. Check each connector to ensure that it is free of debris. If cleaning is needed, use a
clean, dry cloth. Remove all batteries to avoid corrosion. Check the display window to ensure it
is clean. If cleaning is needed, use a clean dry cloth. Remove all batteries to avoid corrosion.
Check the display window to ensure it is clean. If cleaning is needed, do so using a clean, dry
cloth. Remember, you must store the radio when it is not in use. Use the following routine
checks to ensure the disassembled radio is maintained correctly. These are done in addition to the
Preventive Maintenance Checks and Services (PMCSs). Store the radio according to the local
standard operating procedure (SOP).
a. Antennas.
(1) Ensure antennas are clean.
(2) Check antenna elements for damage (cuts, cracks, breaks, bends, etc.).
b. Cables and cable connectors.
(1) Check cables (where visible) for cuts, cracks, and breaks.
(2) Ensure cable connectors are secure.
(3) Ensure cable connectors are securely attached to cables.
c. Controls and switches.
(1) Ensure each control moves smoothly while you operate your radio.
(2) If a switch has detents, make sure each position has a solid feel to it.
2-7
(3) Ensure pull-and-turn switches cannot move to a guarded position without first
being pulled out.
(4) Ensure all knobs are secure on their shafts.
d. Mounting and assembly hardware.
(1) Check for loose nuts, bolts, and screws.
(2) Check for corrosion, rust, and deterioration of all metal parts.
Note: Keep radio controls and connectors as clean as you can, especially the display
window and keyboard.
Lesson Summary: You have completed lesson 1 of this study unit. You are now able to
assemble, disassemble, and perform routine checks on the SINCGARS (AN/PRC-119B) radio.
Before continuing to the next lesson, complete the lesson exercise.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
your answers against the solutions listed at the end of this lesson.
1. The handset is connected to the connector on the RT-1523.
a. AUD/DATA c. RXMT
b. AUD/FILL d. ANT
2. Which configuration is most widely used?
a. Long-range c. MRC-145
b. Manpack d. Short-range
3. Which antenna is used with the SINCGARS (AN/PRC-119B) manpack?
a. RC-292 c. AS-3683
b. BB-590 d. PRC-272
4. What is the normal operating position of the FCTN switch?
a. LD c. SQ ON
b. RXMT d. Z-FH
2-8
5. A routine check on the SINCGARS (AN/PRC-119B) radio requires you to check
the
a. mounting assemblies and antennas.

b. antennas, cables and cable connectors, controls and switches, and the mounting
assembly hardware.
c. mounting assembly hardware, cable connectors, and antennas.
d. nuts, bolts, and screws.
Lesson 1 Exercise Solutions
Reference
1. b. 2101
2. b. 2101
3. c. 2101
4. c. 2101
5. b. 2102
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lesson 2. PREPARE THE SINCGARS USING COMMUNICATION SECURITY

(COMSEC) AND LOCAL FILLS FOR OPERATION
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Identify ancillary devices used to load "local fills."
2. Load Communication Security (COMSEC) data using the KYK-13 fill device
AN/CYZ-10 Data Transfer Device (DTD).
3. Identify scroll COMSEC procedures.
2201. Identify Ancillary Devices
Ancillary devices are necessary to load a "local fill." You must be able to expediently identify the
ancillary devices used. You must know what item to use and when to use it. This paragraph
addresses these concerns. There are two devices used to load "local fills." They are discussed as
follows:
2-9
a. The KYK-13 fill device. The KYK-13 fill device is an electronic transfer/fill device used for
loading COMSEC variable into the RT-1523, during local fill operations. The fill cable,
ON-512424, (figure 2-12) is used to connect the KYK-13 fill device to the RT-1523 so that
variable can be transferred.
Fig 2-12. KYK-13 fill device and ON-512424 fill cable.
Figure 2-13 shows you the controls on the KYK-13 electronic transfer fill device. Study each
control and its function.
Fig 2-13. KYK-13 controls.
(1) Mode switch - Three position rotary switch used for KYK-13 operation modes.
(a) Z - Use to zeroize selected keys.
(b) ON - Use to load and transfer keys.
(c) OFF CHECK - Use to verify that a fill is in that address.
2-10
(2) Initiate button - Push this key when loading or zeroizing the KYK-13.
(3) J1 - Use to connect the KYK-13 to a fill cable to transfer data.
(4) P1 - Use to connect the KYK-13 to a crypto device to transfer data.
(5) Parity indicator light - Blinks when parity is checked or load is transferred.
(6) Address select (fill) switch - Seven position rotary switch:
(a) Z ALL - Zeroize all six fill positions.
(b) 1 through 6 - Six storage registers for keys in the KYK-13.
b. The AN/CYZ-10 Data Transfer Device (DTD). This device is hand held and computer
compatible. It provides "MODE 1" and "MODE 2" fills for the SINCGARS equipment. (See
figure 2-14.) Study the parts of the device so you will remember them when you load a local fill.
"MODE 1" and "MODE 2" fills will be discussed in detail later in this course.
Fig 2-14. AN/CYZ-10 Data Transfer Device (DTD).
(1) Display window
(2) 6 Pin connector
(3) Main function keys explanations
(4) Keyboard
Note: The fill cable in figure 2-12 is also used with the AN/CYZ-10 Data Transfer
Device (DTD).
2-11
Remember, the AN/CYZ-10 is a data transfer device. It is user friendly and menu driven making
it easy to use and understand. In paragraph 2202 you will learn to use these devices when
performing load/fills. The KYK-13 will be used when loading the COMSEC variable into the
RT-1523. The AN/CYZ-10 will also load a COMSEC variable along with the frequency hopping
data used in the frequency hopping mode.
Try the following challenges before proceeding to the next paragraph.
(Fill in the blank)
1. The KYK-13 fill device is an used to fill

COMSEC variable into the RT-1523.
a. ON-512424 c. RT-1523
b. electronic transfer/fill d. initiating key
(Fill in the blank)
2. The cable is used to connect the KYK-13 fill device to the RT-1523
and connect the AN/CYZ-10 Data Transfer Device (DTD) to the RT-1523.
a. RT-1523 c. J1
b. P1 d. ON-512424
(Fill in the blank)
3. The provides "MODE 1" and "MODE 2" fills for the
SINCGARS equipment.
a. P1
b. J1
c. AN/CYZ-10 Data Transfer Device (DTD)
d. KYK-13 fill device
You are correct if your answers to the challenges are: 1. b, 2. d, and 3. c. If you answered all of
the challenges correctly; continue. If not, review paragraph 2201 before continuing.
2-12
2202. Load COMSEC Data, Local Fills, and Frequency Hopping Data
There is a saying in the military communications field that states, "it must be covered." This rule
also applies to the SINCGARS family of radios. This paragraph addresses the three methods used
to load local fills: (1) Loading COMSEC data using the KYK-13; (2) Loading COMSEC data
using the AN/CYZ-10 referred to as a "MODE 1" fill; and (3) Loading frequency hopping data
using the AN/CYZ-10 referred to as a "MODE 2" fill. Each method will be addressed along with
its performance procedure. Study each method carefully so you will remember it when required.
Notes: The "MODE 1" fill loads COMSEC data using the AN/CYZ-10 and loads your
local COMSEC variable.
The "MODE 2" fill loads frequency hopping data utilizing the AN/CYZ-10. It
will load your RT-1523 with a hopset identification number (ID#) (FH data)
and also loads your local COMSEC variable.
The "MODE 2" fill is the most desirable procedure for loading local fills.
Study each of the following methods carefully so you will know them and the procedures
necessary to load COMSEC data, local fills, and frequency hopping data.
a. Load COMSEC data using the KYK-13 for "MODE 1" fill. To load COMSEC data, you
must first
(1) Prepare the RT-1523.
(a) Place MODE switch in SC position.
(b) Move CHAN switch to the MAN position.
(c) Place FCTN switch to the LD position.
(d) Move COMSEC switch to the CT position.
Note: Clear the COMSEC alarm by pressing the handset "push-to-talk" button (PTT)
twice. (See figure 2-15.)
Fig 2-15. Clearing COMSEC alarm.
2-13
(2) Prepare the KYK-13.
(a) Check the KYK-13 to ensure the KYK-13 is in the OFF position. If it is not in
this position, place the control in the OFF position.
(b) Connect the KYK-13 to the "fill cable."
Note: The KYK-13 should always be in the OFF position when connected to the RT.
(c) Connect the opposite end of the AUD/FILL connector to the RT-1523.
(d) Place the KYK-13 in the ON position.
Note: Remember, the KYK-13 is capable of storing six separate variables.
(e) Select the position on the KYK-13 that your variable will be stored, 1 through
6. (See figure 2-16.)
Fig 2-16. KYK-13 controls.
2-14
(3) Transfer the variable.
(a) Press the LOAD/0 key on the RT-1523 keyboard.
Note: The RT's display window will flash the word "LOAD" (figure 2-17A). The
word LOAD will disappear after pressing the LOAD/0 key and the word
"HTEK" will replace it on the display window. (See figure 2-17B.)
(A) (B)
Fig 2-17. Display window after pressing LOAD/0 key.
Note: The appearance of HTEK on the screen will let you know that the
Transmission Encryption Key (TEK) or variable is in the holding memory.
(b) Store the data in the RT-1523 permanent memory for later use. Press the STO
key on the keyboard.
(c) Enter the position number (CHAN 1 through 5) where you wish to store the
variable. For the purpose of this lesson, select position CHAN 1 to store the
variable.
(4) Set the variable back to the normal operating position.
(a) Place the FCTN switch in the ON position. (See figure 2-18.)
Fig 2-18. FCTN switch in ON position.
2-15
(b) Place the CHAN switch to channel 1. (See figure 2-19.)
Fig 2-19. CHAN switch set to channel 1.
Note: Remember, to key any of the variables into channels 1 through 6, you must
position the CHAN control knob on the desired channel.
Try the following challenges.
(Circle the letter of the correct response)
1. In what position should you place the FCTN switch when transferring variables?
a. SQ ON c. LD
b. RXMT d. CT
2. When clearing the COMSEC alarm, how many times must you key the handset?
a. One time
b. Two times
c. Three times
d. Keying the handset is not required
3. To which connector is the "fill cable" connected on the RT-1523?
a. RXMT c. AUD/DATA
b. AUD/FILL d. CRYPTO
2-16
4. To initiate the transfer of variable, which key is pressed?
a. c.
b. d.
5. What is the meaning of the acronym TEK?
a. Key Encryption Key

b. Transmitting Encryption Key
c. Transversal Engineer Kit
d. Transmission Encryption Key
Your answers should be 1. c, 2. b, 3. b, 4. a, and 5. d. If you answered correctly, continue.

If your answers are different, review paragraph 2202 before continuing.
Notes: When loading a crypto fill such as the Key Encryption Key (KEK) load only
in channel 6. This is a net control function and is not usually performed by the
operator.
A KEK must be loaded into a receiver transmitter before a remote fill or a

COMSEC key is possible.
It is not possible to scroll through KEKs.
2-17
b. Load COMSEC data using the AN/CYZ-10 for "MODE 1" fill. Use the AN/CYZ-10 to
load your radio with the COMSEC variable needed to communicate in cipher text while in the
single channel mode. Before performing the "MODE 1" fill using the AN/CYZ-10, you must
prepare the RT-1523 to receive transmitted information. To begin loading COMSEC data,
perform the following steps.
(1) Prepare the RT-1523. (See step 1 of paragraph a.)
(2) Prepare the AN/CYZ-10 for operation.
- Turn on the Data Transfer Device (DTD) by pressing the ON/OFF key in
the top right corner of the keyboard. (See figure 2-20.)
Fig 2-20. DTD ON/OFF key.
Notes: Turning on the DTD will start the system loading sequence.
The display window on the DTD will give you the MAIN MENU to start
"MODE 1" fill procedures.
(3) Observe the DTD screen.
Note: On the screen you will notice that the selection in the MAIN MENU will be
highlighted. This is your selection indicator. It marks the selection that you
choose. There are two choices that you may select from. They are the arrow
method and the letter lock method.
2-18
(4) Determine the method you would like to use:
If... Then...
The arrow method is used - Use the white arrows in the left hand
portion of the keyboard.
- Press the arrow key to initiate this method.
- Move the selection indicator to the menu

selection that you choose, and press enter.
The letter lock method is used Note: The word "LETTER" will appear on
the display window in the bottom left
corner.
- Initiate this method by pressing the lock

letter KEY on the DTD keyboard.
Note: You are now able to select your

MENU by pressing the capitalized
letter of the selection MENU.
Example: If you wish to choose "time," press

the key 2T on the keyboard.
Notes: The capitalized letter is not always

the first letter in the word. It could
be the second or even the third
letter.
Once the letter is pressed, the DTD

will automatically go to the area
selected.
Note: For the purpose of this lesson, we will load the COMSEC data using the letter
lock method.
2-19
(5) Select Appl (appearing highlighted in the upper left of display window). (See figure
2-21A.) Press ENTER. (See figure 2-21B.)
(A) (B)
Fig 2-21. Appl appearing on the DTD display window and ENTER key.
Note: If the selection you wish to choose is already highlighted, you simply press the
ENTER key located in the lower right corner of the keyboard as in figure
2-21B.
(6) Select CSEP by pressing the ENTER key.
Notes: Doing so, instructs the DTD to load consolidated single channel radio using the
ECCM or CSEP packages.
CSEP is the computer software used in the DTD.
(a) Notice the CSEP highlighted in the upper left corner of the display window as
in figure 2-22.
Fig 2-22. CSEP highlighted on the DTD display window.

2-20
(b) Notice the change on the display window. You should see the phrase "Loading
Application" as in figure 2-23.
Note: This will let you know that the data is being loaded.
Fig 2-23. Loading Application display.
(c) Notice that the screen changes. The change gives you the directions to
follow.
1. Read them.
2. Respond positively to them.
Note: In this case the down arrow is to be pressed on the keyboard. It is the second
key on the bottom row in the left corner of the keyboard. (See figure 2-24.)
Fig 2-24. Down arrow key.
2-21
(7) Select XMT by pressing ENTER on the keyboard.
Note: XMT is highlighted; now press the ENTER key.
(a) Observe the DTD display window. (See figure 2-25.)
Fig 2-25. XMT highlighted on the DTD display window.
(b) Notice the display window change.
Notes: It will direct you to the word SINC. Use the ENTER key to enter the data.
The word "SINC" is highlighted. (See figure 2-26.)
When SINC appears on the screen it tells you that SINCGARS equipment is
being used to transmit the data.
Fig 2-26. SINC highlighted on the display window.
2-22
(c) Select the radio type. (See figure 2-27.)
Notes: The display window shows the words ICOM or NON-ICOM. If ICOM is
highlighted, press ENTER and the display window will display the next
activity.
If NON-ICOM is highlighted you must select the "I" key on the keyboard so
that ICOM is highlighted. Once your selection is complete press ENTER.
Fig 2-27. Select radio type on display window.
(d) Notice the change on the display window cueing you to select the mode. (See
figure 2-28.)
Note: For this lesson select "MODE 1."
Fig 2-28. Selecting transfer MODE on the display window.
2-23
(8) Select "MODE 1" by pressing the "O" key on the keyboard, which is shared with
the left arrow key on the keyboard. (See figure 2-29.)
Fig 2-29. "O" key and left arrow.
Note: The display window will show the brevity "CIK" which stands for
Cryptographic Ignition Key. (See figure 2-30.) The CIK key must be in
the valid status before performing "MODE 1" or "MODE 2" operations.
(a) Wait for CIK status. (See figure 2-30.)
Fig 2-30. Display window showing wait for status.
(b) Observe status "MODE 1."
2-24
(9) Connect the DTD to the RT-1523.
Note: Observe the display window. It will direct you to connect ICOM AUD/FILL
connector; the arrow on the display will be pointing downward. (See figure
2-31.)
Fig 2-31. Connect ICOM AUD/FILL connector

display window and down arrow key
location.
(a) Follow directions on the display window which will direct you to move the
COMSEC switch to CT and then to radio. (See figure 2-32A.)
(b) Press the downward arrow key on the keyboard. (See figure 2-32B.)
(A) (B)
Fig 2-32. COMSEC to CT and to radio display down arrow key location.
Notes: Remember, we are working with the SINCGARS.
MX will appear on the display window. Respond to the screen.
2-25
(10) Press the LOAD/0 key on the RT-1523 keyboard. (See figure 2-33A.)
Note: The DTD display window will direct you to press LOAD on the RT. (See
figure 2-33B.)
(A) (B)
Fig 2-33. LOAD/0 key on RT-1523 keyboard and LOAD display window.
Note: Once you have pressed the LOAD/0 the word "LOAD" will appear in the RT's
display window for only a second. (See figure 2-34A.) Then, "HTEK" will
appear on the screen and remain there until you complete the next step.
(See figure 2-34B.)
(A) (B)
Fig 2-34. "LOAD" and "HTEK" appearing on the RT-1523 display window.
Note: If you take longer than 4 seconds to complete the step, the HTEK will flash to
remind you that it needs to be stored.
2-26
(11) Press the STO key on the RT-1523 keyboard.
(a) Observe the word "STO " when it appears on the screen. (See figure
2-35A.)
(b) Enter the position number (CHAN 1 through 5, 6 is a KEK) where you will
store the variable.
Note: Remember, you can store variables in channels 1 through 5. For this purpose,
use CHAN 2.
(c) Press the 2 key on the RT-1523 keyboard. (See figure 2-35B.)
(A) (B)
Fig 2-35. STO and 2 keys on RT-1523.
Note: Once the display STO 2 flashes, the variable is stored. You can fill the
remaining positions with variables if required. (See figure 2-36.)
Fig 2-36. STO 2 flashes on RT-1523.
(d) To fill additional variables, press the LOAD key.
2-27
(e) Observe the DTD screen, read, and respond accordingly.
Notes: The DTD screen will display data as in figure 2-32.
The DTD is prepared to send another variable to the RT-1523. Continue

until all required variables are filled.
(f) Disconnect the CYZ-10.
(g) Place the FCTN switch to normal operating position.
Note: This completes the "MODE 1" fill.
c. Reviewing the steps to load/fill "MODE 1" using the AN/CYZ-10. The steps are given to
you in a brief format to aid you in remembering them. Study them so that you can memorize
them in the sequence in which they are performed.
(1) Prepare the RT-1523 for a "MODE 1" fill using the AN/CYZ-10.
(a) Turn FCTN switch to the LD position.
(b) Turn MODE switch to the SC position.
(c) Turn CHAN switch to MAN position.
(d) Turn COMSEC switch to the CT position.
(e) Key the handset "push-to-talk" button twice to clear the crypto alarm.
(f) Prepare and follow directions for the AN/CYZ-10.
(g) Press the LOAD key on the RT's keyboard.
(h) Press the STO key on the RT's keyboard.
(i) Select the position for the variable to be stored and press the corresponding key
on the RT's keyboard.
(j) Once all required positions are filled, turn the FCTN switch to SQ ON.
(2) Prepare the AN/CYZ-10 and perform a "MODE 1" fill.
(a) Turn on the AN/CYZ-10.
(b) Select APPL.
2-28
(c) Select CSEP.
(d) Select XMT.
(e) Select SINC.
(f) Select ICOM.
(g) Select MODE 1.
(h) Refer to step 7 of the preparation on the RT-1523.
(i) Turn off the AN/CYZ-10 after all variables have been transferred.
d. Load COMSEC data using the AN/CYZ-10 for MODE 2 fill. Using the "MODE 2"
method will load your radio with the COMSEC variable needed to communicate in cipher text
while in the single channel mode. It allows for RT with frequency hopping data that will enable
you to operate in the FH mode. Before performing the "MODE 2" fill using the AN/CYZ-10,
you must prepare the RT-1523 as in the "MODE 1" fill previously discussed. Follow these steps
to prepare the AN/CYZ-10 for a "MODE 2" fill.
(1) Prepare the RT-1523. (See step 1 of paragraph a.)
(2) Prepare the AN/CYZ-10.
(a) Turn on DTD (press the ON/OFF key in the top right corner of the keyboard
to start the system's loading sequence).
(b) The DTD display window on the DTD will give you the MAIN MENU to start
the "MODE 2" fill procedures.
(3) Observe the DTD display window.
(4) Select Appl on the screen, and press ENTER.
(5) Select the highlighted CSEP by pressing the ENTER key. The CSEP data is now
being loaded.
(6) Read the directions displayed on the DTD display window.
(7) Press the downward arrow key on the keyboard. Notice the change on the display
screen to read XMT, Rcv Dbs (CSEP set up the highlighted).
(8) Select the highlighted XMT by pressing the ENTER key.
2-29
(9) Select SINC by pressing the ENTER key.
(10) Select ICOM by pressing the ENTER key.
(11) Select "MODE 2" by pressing the ENTER key.
(a) Instructions will be given to direct you to connect the RT-1523.
(b) Instructions will be given to press the downward arrow key.
(12) Press the downward arrow key on the DTD keyboard.
(13) Ensure the fill cable is connecting the DTD to the RT-1523.
(14) Press the LOAD/0 key on the RT-1523 keyboard.
(a) The word "LOAD" will appear on the RT-1523 display window and the DTD
display window will read "Transfer in Progress."
(b) The word "DONE" will appear on the RT-1523 display window and the DTD
display window will read ICOM transfer successful with a downward arrow.
(15) Press the downward arrow key on the DTD.
(a) Pressing the key allows you to return to the screen before selecting the
transfer "MODE TWO ONE."
(b) At this point you are capable of filling additional variable data without
restarting the process.
(16) To fill additional variable, select radio type. The word ICOM is highlighted.
(17) Press the ENTER key.
(18) Place the FCTN switch to the SQ ON position for normal operating procedure. This
completes the steps you must perform for a "MODE 2" fill.
2-30
e. Now for a brief review of the steps that you must perform for a "MODE 2" fill for the DTD.
Note: Remember, you must prepare the RT-1523 before performing a "MODE 2" fill.
(1) Prepare the RT-1523 and perform a "MODE 2" fill using the AN/CYZ-10.
(a) Turn FCTN switch to the LD position.
(b) Turn MODE switch to the SC position.
(c) Turn CHAN switch to MAN position.
(d) Turn COMSEC switch to the CT position.
(e) Key the handset "push-to-talk" button twice to clear the crypto alarm.
(f) Prepare and follow directions for the AN/CYZ-10.
(g) Press the LOAD key on the RT's keyboard.
(h) Once all required positions are filled, turn the FCTN switch to SQ ON.
(2) Perform a "MODE 2" fill using the AN/CYZ-10.
(a) Turn on the AN/CYZ-10.
(b) Select APPL.
(c) Select CSEP.
(d) Select XMT.
(e) Select SINC.
(f) Select ICOM.
(g) Select MODE 2.
(h) Refer to step 7 of the preparation on the RT-1523.
(i) Turn off the AN/CYZ-10 after all variables have been transferred.
2-31
2203. Identify Scrolling COMSEC Procedures
Scrolling COMSEC is a procedure used to change the COMSEC key and to keep the same single
channel frequency or FH net. This procedure may be directed if your COMSEC information
becomes compromised or unusable.
Note: You cannot scroll or change COMSEC key in channel 6.
To perform the COMSEC procedure you must follow these steps.
(1) Ensure the COMSEC switch is in CT position on the RT-1523.
(2) Set the CHAN switch to the correct position.
Note: For this lesson use channel 1.
(3) Press the CMSC/1 key on the RT-1523.
Note: Transmission Encryption Key (TEK) "TEK 1" will appear on the screen. (See
figure 2-37.)
Fig 2-37. TEK 1 appearing on screen.
2-32
(4) Press the CHG/7 key to change the COMSEC key.
(5) Continue to press the CHG/7 key until the COMSEC key you have been directed to
use appears on the RT-1523 display window.
Note: The display window may display TEK in this manner TEK3, TEK4, TEK5,
etc. For the purpose of this lesson TEK 4 is used. (See figure 2-38.)
Fig 2-38. TEK 4 appearing on RT-1523 display window.
Lesson Summary. In this lesson you learned to identify the ancillary devices used to load local
fills. You now know the procedure used to load COMSEC data using the AN/CYZ-10 Data
Transfer Device and the KYK-13 fill device. You also learned to identify scroll COMSEC
procedures. In the next study unit, you will learn to perform single channel operations. Before
continuing, complete the lesson and study unit exercises.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lesson 2 Exercise: Complete items 1 through 4 by performing the action required check
your responses against those following the exercise.
1. The KYK-13 fill device is used to fill COMSEC variables into the .
a. Initiating button c. RT-1523

b. ON-512424 d. DN-512424
2. The cable is used to connect the AN/CYZ-10 Data Transfer

Device (DTD) to the RT-1523.
a. RT-1523 c. J1
b. ON-512424 d. P1
2-33
3. Which is used to perform "MODE 1" and "MODE 2" fills for SINCGARS
equipment?
a. P1 c. AN/CYZ-10 Data Transfer Device (DTD)

b. J1 d. KYK-13 fill device
4. CSEP appearing on the DTD screen tells you that

is being used.
a. Consolidated Single Channel Radio ECCM package

b. Codes Source Engineer Program
c. Crypto Single Encryption Program
d. Channel Source Enlisted Program
Reference
1. c. 2201
2. b. 2201
3. c. 2202
4. a. 2203
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Study Unit 2 Exercise: Complete items 1 through 9 by performing the action required. Check
your responses against those listed at the end of this study unit.
1. In what position must you place the FCTN switch when transferring variables?
a. SQ ON c. LD
b. RX d. CT
2. How many times must you press the "push-to-talk" button on the handset to clear the
crypto alarm?
a. Once c. Three times

b. Twice d. Four times
3. The "fill cable" connector on the RT-1523 is connected to which of the following
connectors?
a. RXMT c. AUD/DATA
b. AUD/FILL d. Crypto
2-34
4. Which key must you press on the RT-1523 to transfer variables?
a. CHG/7 c. LOAD/0
b. LOUT/9 d. ERF/OFST
5. "TEK" is used on the RT display window to indicate using the .

b. Transmission Encryption Key
c. Transversal Engineer
d. Traffic Encryption Key
6. The KYK-13 fill device allows you to fill COMSEC variables into the .
a. RT-1523 c. ON-512424
b. ON-512224 d. Initiating button

a. RT-123 c. ON-512424
b. J1 d. P1
SINCGARS equipment.
a. AN/CYZ-10 Data Transfer Device (DTD)

b. KYK-13 fill device
c. P1
d. J1
9. When CSEP appears on the RT display window, it cues you that it is referring to the
a. Crypto Single Encryption Program.

b. Channel Source Enlisted Program.
c. Codes Source Engineer Program.
d. Consolidated Single Channel Radio ECCM Package.
2-35
UNIT SUMMARY
In this study unit, you learned to prepare the Single Channel Ground Airborne Radio System
(SINCGARS) for operation. You learned to assemble and disassemble it. You also learned to
prepare the SINCGARS using ancillary devices to load communication security (COMSEC) and
local fills for operation. You can now identify and use ancillary devices to load "local fills," load
COMSEC data, and identify and perform scroll COMSEC procedures. In the next study unit, you
will learn to operate the SINCGARS.

Reference
1. c. 2201
2. b. 2201
3. b. 2202
4. c. 2202
5. b. 2202
6. a. 2203
7. c. 2203
8. a. 2203
9. d. 2203
2-36
STUDY UNIT 3
OPERATE THE SINGLE CHANNEL GROUND AIRBORNE RADIO SYSTEM

(SINCGARS)
Introduction. The Single Channel Ground Airborne Radio System (SINCGARS) is a new,
technical radio with capabilities surpassing that of the AN/PRC-77 radio. The radio can
hop across over 100 frequencies per second, making it virtually impossible for the enemy to
jam your communication or to locate your position. The best characteristic of the radio is
its reliability. This study unit will prepare you to become a competent incidental radio
operator. You will strengthen your knowledge acquired from previous study units.
Lesson 1. SINGLE CHANNEL OPERATION PROCEDURES INDICATORS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Identify self-testing procedures.
2. Recognize the various FAIL indicators.
3. Identify single channel loading procedures.
4. Identify single channel clearing procedures.
3101. Perform Self-Test Procedures on the SINCGARS
As an incidental operator, you must first concern yourself with self-testing the radio. The
SINCGARS will detect problems and display FAIL CODES. Each FAIL CODE has a specific
meaning and procedure that you must follow. The importance of performing a self-test on the
radio is to ensure it is working and capable of performing required task, which enables mission
accomplishment. To self-test the SINCGARS you must
a. Set the FCTN switch to Z-FH as in figure 3-1.
Fig 3-1. FCTN switch to Z-FH.
3-1
b. Set the FCTN switch to the Load (LD) position. (See figure 3-2.)
Fig 3-2. FCTN switch in LD position.
Note: You must ensure the data function is OFF.
c. Press the DATA/4 key on the RT keyboard.
Note: The word OFF will appear on the RT display window. (See figure 3-3.)
Fig 3-3. OFF appearing on RT display window.
d. Put the CHAN control knob in the MAN position. (See figure 3-4.)
Fig 3-4. CHAN control knob in MAN position.
Note: Ensure the data function is OFF. The radio is still functional in the SC and
FH modes, but not with data communication.
3-2
e. Position the FCTN switch in the TST position.
Note: The information appearing on the RT display window will change as the RT
runs the test function in the sequence given in figure 3-5.
(A) (B) (C)
Fig 3-5. Sequence of data change when FCTN switch is in the TST position.
Study the following:
If You See... Then It Means...
(1) An "E" on the display window as in Electronic Counter-Counter Measures

figure 3-5A (ECCM) is loaded into the RT.
(2) A "C" on the display window as in Communication Security (COMSEC) is

figure 3-5A loaded into the RT.
(3) A as shown in figure 3-5B The RT is testing.

appearing on the display window.
(4) A "GOOD" appearing on the display The test is complete.

screen as in figure 3-5C
Notes: If one of the two modules (E or C) does not appear on the display window, a
dash is seen in its place.
It is also good to know that even though a "GOOD" may be seen at the end of
your test, it is always a possibility that something may go wrong.
3-3
3102. Recognize the Various FAIL Indicators
The various FAIL indicators are given to you as FAIL CODES. These codes are displayed during
the self-test when there is a problem with the RT. Study the following FAIL CODES that may
appear indicating a problem exists during the self-test. Remember each code and what you must
do to correct the problem. Let's begin:
a. FAIL 1. Institutes a receiver problem. FAIL 1 will appear on the RT display window as in
figure 3-6. Perform the following task to correct the problem.
(1) Check your radio for a secure connection.
(2) Run a self-test again.
Note: If FAIL 1 persists, contact maintenance.
Fig 3-6. FAIL 1 CODE.
b. FAIL 2. Identifies a rate adapter problem. (See figure 3-7.) Check to ensure the radio is
OFF. The FCTN should be in the OFF position.
Note: The radio is still operational in SC and FH modes, but not with data
communications.
3-4
c. FAIL 3. Alerts the operator there is a problem with the ECCM module. (See figure
3-8.)
(1) Check to ensure all controls are in the correct positions.
(2) Run the self-test again.
Note: If FAIL 3 persists, contact your unit maintenance.
d. FAIL 4. Alerts you of an Input/Output problem. The RT's remote function is inoperable.
The RT is still usable but not with remote control devices. (See figure 3-9.)
(1) Visually check to ensure all controls are in the correct positions.
(2) Run a self-test.
Note: If FAIL 4 persists, contact your unit maintenance.
3-5
e. FAIL 5. Tells you that the COMSEC module is malfunctioning. (See figure 3-10.)
(1) Check to ensure the RT is loaded with the correct variable.
(2) Visually check to ensure the COMSEC switch is in the CT position.
Note: If FAIL 5 persists, contact unit maintenance.
f. FAIL 6. The steerable null antenna processor (S.N.A.P.). When the S.N.A.P. is
malfunctioning, it will not allow the RT to receive signals from external S.N.A.P. equipment.
(See figure 3-11.)
Note: You can still use the RT but not with the S.N.A.P. equipment.
- Run the self-test again.
Note: If FAIL 6 persists, contact unit maintenance.
3-6
g. FAIL 7. This is a fill routing failure. The RT will not accept a fill failure. (See figure
3-12.)
(1) Check to ensure all control switches are in the correct positions.
h. The FAIL CODES are designed for operator convenience. If you encounter a FAIL
CODE, check all your control positions and rerun the self-test. The next thing to do is to take the
appropriate corrective action. To reinforce what you have covered, study the steps required in
performing a self-test when encountering a FAIL CODE.
(1) Set FCTN switch to Z-FH. The word "GOOD" should appear on the RT screen.
(2) Set the FCTN switch to LD.
(3) Ensure the Data function switch is OFF by pressing the DATA/4 key, the word
"OFF" should appear on the RT screen.
(4) Put the CHAN control switch in the MAN position.
(5) Set the FCTN control switch to the TST position.
(6) Watch as the RT cycles through the self-test. The word "GOOD" should appear on
the RT screen.
(7) Take notice of any FAIL CODES.
(8) If you encounter a FAIL CODE do the following:
(a) Check control positions.
(b) Run the self-test again.
(c) Take corrective action.
3-7
Try the following challenges.
(Select the correct response)
1. When performing a self-test, your steerable null antenna processor is

malfunctioning, what type of FAIL CODE is received and what corrective
action should you take?
a. FAIL 7, Run self-test again

b. FAIL 6, Run self-test again
c. FAIL 5, Run self-test again
d. S.N.A.P. 7, Run self-test again
2. When there is a receiver problem, what will appear on the RT screen?
a. FAIL 1 c. FAIL 3
b. FAIL 2 d. FAIL 4
3. A FAIL 5 indicates that there is a problem with the
a. ECCM malfunctioning.
b. remote function.
c. COMSEC module malfunctioning.
d. Data rate adapter.
3-8
4. If given a faulty RT where you have received screen indications and the
following FAIL CODES occurred, order the failures in the correct sequence of
the failures as given.
I. Receiver problem
II. Data rate data
III. ECCM module problem
IV. Input/Output interface
The correct sequence of the failures are
a. II, III, IV, I c. II, III, I, IV

b. I, IV, III, II d. III, II, I, IV
You are correct if your responses to the challenges are 1. b, 2. a, 3. c, and 4. b; you may continue.
If your answers to either challenge is incorrect, review the paragraph before continuing.
Note: Always remember that the self-test should be performed before any use of the
RT-1523 whether manpacked or vehicle version.
It is also wise to perform a self-test after an extended period of use.
3-9
3103. Load Single Channel Frequencies
After you have successfully performed the self-test, you should be ready to load single channel
frequencies for single channel operations. You should know that the single channel operation is
the most frequent operation that you will perform as an incidental operator. Follow the steps in
the sequence below to load single channel frequencies into the RT-1523.
a. Set up the RT-1523 for loading single channel frequencies.
(1) Place the FCTN switch in the LD position. (See figure 3-2.)
(2) Place the MODE control knob in the SC position. (See figure 3-13.)
Fig 3-13. MODE control knob in SC position.
(3) Place the CHAN control knob in the MAN position. (See figure 3-4.)
b. Load single channel frequencies.
(1) Press the FREQ key on the RT-1523 keyboard.
(2) Press the CLR key on the RT-1523 keyboard.
(3) Enter the frequency number.
Note: For the purpose of this lesson the frequency is 30.000.
(a) Enter the numeral 3.
(b) Enter the second numeral, which is 0.
(c) Enter the third numeral, which is 0.
(d) Enter the fourth numeral, which is 0.
(e) Enter the fifth numeral, which is 0.
3-10
Note: When the last numeral is entered, the frequency is loaded.
(4) Press the STO key.
Note: Pressing the STO key stores the information into the permanent memory.
To check your understanding of loading single channel frequencies, try the following challenges.
(Circle the correct response)
1. When preparing the RT-1523 for loading SC frequencies, in what position must
you place the FCTN control?
a. REM c. CT
b. LD d. TST
2. Once the frequency is entered, what key must you press on the keyboard to store
the frequency into permanent memory?
a. DATA c. SYNC
b. STO d. TIME
3. In what position is the MODE control knob when loading single channel
frequency?
a. FH-M c. SC
b. SQ ON d. LD
Your answers should be 1. b, 2. b, 3. c. If you answered correctly; continue. If your answers are
different, review paragraph 3103 before continuing.
3-11
3104. Clear Single Channel Frequencies on the Single Channel Radio
To clear data that is stored, you must clear a frequency from the RT. To do so, you must perform
the following procedure.
a. Place the MODE switch in the single channel (SC) position. (See figure 3-14.)
Fig 3-14. Control panel with MODE switch in SC position.
b. Set the CHAN control in the position (channels 1 through 6) that you would like to clear.
(See figure 3-15.)
Fig 3-15. Control panel with CHAN control in channel 1 position.
Notes: For the purpose of this lesson, channel 1 is selected for clearing.
Remember, you can store data in 8 positions, CUE, MAN, and channels
1 through 6.
3-12
c. Push the FREQ key on the RT-1523 keyboard.
d. Press CLR on the RT-1523 keyboard.
Notes: This will clear the data from channel 1, the channel selected, and
completes the procedure for clearing a channel.
The procedure can be used to clear all channels, including CUE and MAN as
required.
Data will not be displayed on the RT-1523 display window, only five blanks will
appear. (See figure 3-16.)
Fig 3-16. RT-1523 blank display window.
e. Prepare the channel for a new operating frequency, to do so you must
(1) Press the LOAD/0 key on the RT-1523 keyboard.
(2) Press the LOAD/0 key once more.
Note: Notice that the five blanks will be replaced with five zeroes on the display
window. (See figure 3-17.)
Fig 3-17. RT-1523 five zeros on the display window.
(3) Press STO on the RT-1523 keyboard.
Notes: The screen will blink once and FILL 0 will appear on the display window.
The channel is now ready to receive new data.
3-13
To ensure you understand the procedure you must use to clear a single channel, review paragraph
3104 before continuing.
Lesson Summary. You have completed the first lesson of study unit 3. You should now be able
to identify self-test procedures, recognize the various FAIL indicators and identify single channel
loading and clearing procedures. In lesson 2 of this study unit you will learn to receive an FH net
update and perform late net entries. Try the lesson exercise before continuing.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lesson 1 Exercise: Complete items 1 through 11 by performing the required action.
1. When performing a self-test and your steerable null antenna processor is


2. After the frequency is entered, what key on the RT-1523 keyboard is pressed to
store data?
a. DATA c. SYNC
b. STO d. TIME
For items 3 through 8, select the appropriate meaning of each FAIL CODE indicated.
3. FAIL 1
a. Data rate failure c. Receive rate failure

b. ECCM failure d. Remote input/output failure
4. FAIL 2

3-14
5. FAIL 3

6. FAIL 4

7. FAIL 5
a. COMSEC failure
b. ECCM failure
c. Low battery
d. Steerable null antenna processor indicator failure
8. FAIL 6
a. COMSEC failure
b. ECCM failure
c. Low battery
9. When loading SC frequencies, the FCTN control must be in the position.
a. REM c. CT
b. LD d. TST
10. What is the position of the MODE switch when loading a single channel
frequency?
a. FH-M c. SC
b. SQ ON d. LD
11. To clear single channel frequencies, the MODE switch is in the ________________
position and the CHAN control is in the position of the channel that is being cleared.
a. channel 1 c. channel 6
b. single channel d. channel 1
3-15
Reference
1. b. 3101
2. b. 3101
3. c. 3102
4. a. 3102
5. b. 3102
6. d. 3102
7. a. 3102
8. d. 3102
9. b. 3103
10. c. 3103
11. b. 3104
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lesson 2. FREQUENCY HOPPING OPERATIONS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Explain net opening procedures.
2. Identify net opening methods.
3. Receive an FH net update.
4. Perform late net entries.
3201. Explain a Net Opening
As an incidental operator, you will be required to perform a net opening. Therefore, you must
recognize and understand its purpose. The purpose of performing a net opening is to load needed
information into the radio transmitter (RT) before entering a frequency hopping net (FH NET).
Doing so, ensures all stations are capable of "hopping" to each frequency within a hopset
simultaneously. Now, pay attention to the following preliminary steps that you must perform to
enter a net opening.
Note: For the purpose of this lesson, all data is loaded into the RT simultaneously
using the "MODE 2" fill method discussed in study unit 2, lesson 2.
3-16
a. Load and store MAN channel frequency.
b. Load and store CUE channel frequency.
c. Load hopset and COMSEC data using the AN/CYZ-10 data transfer device (DTD).
Note: After the data is transferred, the preliminary steps are complete.
Study the steps until you memorize them. You should be able to transfer the information and
actually perform a net opening when required.
3202. Identify Net Opening Methods
Each Marine Corps net is managed by a designated station; the Net Control Station (NCS). The
Marine NCS is responsible to act in a positive manner, ensuring the net fulfills its designated
purpose, which includes incidental operator responsibilities. The NCS responsibilities include the
following:
Opening and closing the net

Controlling access to the net
Enforcing discipline on the net
Monitoring and answering the net CUE frequency
Providing ERF to stations requiring net access
Ensuring availability and use of Global Positioning System (GPS) time
Issuing required reports
Obtaining and using Communication Electronics Operating Instruction (CEOI) data
To aid you in meeting the demands that are required to man the responsibilities of an incidental
operator at a net station, study the two methods of net openings and the performance procedures
of each. Remember, the purpose of learning the methods and their procedures is to enable you,
the incidental operator, to perform them in a real life situation. A net opening is used to load
frequency hopping synchronization (FH SYNC) time. The FH SYNC time is loaded into the
operating channel on the RT to ensure all stations are capable of "hopping" from one to another
frequency within the hopset simultaneously. An update on FH SYNC time is automatically done
each time a message is received from the NCS. The NCS must be an active member of an FH
radio net. As an incidental operator, you may be required to be a member of more than one net; if
this occurs, you must communicate with each NCS daily. The following material will identify the
two methods of net openings and present performance procedures for both. Again, study both
methods carefully so that you can remember them.
3-17
a. HOT START (primary method) net opening. The HOT START net opening is the primary
method used when performing net openings. This procedure must be accomplish by all stations
loading FH SYNC time. Then each station must set the correct FH net identifications (IDs) in
their RTs. The time is set in synchronization with a known standard. The standard is established
and given to each net station from the net control station (NCS). The AN/CYZ-10 DTD is
normally used to load the FH SYNC time after receiving the data from the net control station. If
you are unable to load data using the AN/CYZ-10 DTD, follow these steps to manually perform a
HOT START net opening.
(1) Obtain the time standard from NCS.
Note: An update on FH SYNC time is automatically done each time a message

is received from the NCS.
(2) Set the CHAN switch to the MAN position. (See figure 3-18.)
Fig 3-18. CHAN switch in MAN position.
(3) Turn the FCTN control to LD.
(4) Set the MODE switch to the FH position. (See figure 3-19.)
Fig 3-19. MODE switch in FH position.
(5) Press the TIME key on the RT-1523 keyboard.
3-18
Notes: After pressing the TIME key, you will notice that the current day will appear on
the RT-1523 display window if it is already in the memory.
If the day has not been stored, you must enter the FH data yourself, as learned
in study unit 2, lesson 2.
(6) Clear the current setting by pressing the CLR key on the RT-1523 keyboard.
Note: The day setting is clear and you can enter the day given you from the NCS.
(7) Enter the day.
Note: Ensure you enter a zero (0) first for single-digit dates.
Example: 04
(8) Store the number by pressing the STO key on the RT-1523 keyboard. The day is
now stored. (See figure 3-20.)
Fig 3-20. STO key display.
3-19
(9) Press the TIME key on the RT-1523 keyboard. (See figure 3-21.)
Note: The time in hours and minutes should appear on the screen. If it does not, you
must enter it.
Fig 3-21. TIME key display.
(10) Press the CLR key on the keyboard. (See figure 3-22.)
Note: The display window will appear blank.
Fig 3-22. RT-1523 display window showing

blank screen after pressing CLR key.
3-20
(11) Enter the RT starting time in hours and minutes.
Note: Obtain the new time (hours and minutes) you want to store in your RT's
memory from the NCS.
(12) Enter the time received from NCS.
Notes: If a single-digit hour is given, use a zero (0) preceding it.
Time will not begin in your RT clock until you press the STO key. This
requires you to enter the minutes faster than actually represented by the correct
time. This will enable you to make up for loss time when keying in the time.
Example: For 49 minutes, enter 50. You will probably lose no more than a second.
(13) Press the STO key only when the time standard given from NCS matches the
minutes you entered into the clock in step 12.
Note: The seconds key must be within 4 seconds + or - the time standard.
(14) Press the TIME key.
(15) Enter the minutes into your RT. If your hours are incorrect you may press the TIME
key to correct them.
This completes the HOT START procedure.
Continue to review the steps in performing a HOT START net opening until you have memorized
them. Try writing the steps down on a clean sheet of paper without referring back to your text to
see how well you have memorized them.
b. Perform a COLD START (secondary method) net opening. The COLD START net
opening requires special data to operate the RT in an FH mode. As an incidental operator, you
will receive much of the data already loaded into the RT by communications personnel. The NCS
performs a procedure called an Electronic Remote Fill (ERF). The ERF completes the data you
will need. Always keep in mind that in FH nets NCS directs net openings, and you must listen to
the NCS commands carefully. The following will already be loaded into your RT:
Manual frequency
CUE frequency (if directed by commander)
Frequency hopping (FH) data
COMSEC key from fill device
3-21
Study the following procedures to perform a COLD START net opening.
(1) Receive communications from NCS.
Notes: You will be contacted from NCS on MAN channel to verify communications,
to tell you where to store the ERF that is sent, and where to meet the NCS.
The RT-1523 display window will read "COLD." (See figure 3-23.)
- NCS will say, "out."
(2) Observe the RT-1523 display window, with the word "COLD" on it. (See figure
3-23.)
Fig 3-23. "COLD" appearing on display window.
(3) Wait for the ERF to be completely transmitted from the NCS.
3-22
(4) Observe the FH data number, also known as the net ID number as it appears on the
display window. (See figure 3-24.)
Fig 3-24. FH number appearing on the display window.
Note: The net ID number can range from HF000 through HF999.
(5) Press the STO key and then the channel number where you want to store the hopset.
Remember, there are 6 channels available for storing data. Data is not stored in CUE
and MAN.
Note: For the purpose of this lesson, store the hopset data in channel 3.
(6) Press the number 3 key on the keyboard to store the hopset data into the permanent
memory.
(7) Ensure the hopset data is stored in the permanent memory by
(a) Placing the CHAN control in the channel 3 position.
(b) Place the FCTN switch in the normal squelch operating position, SQ ON.
Note: This completes the COLD START procedure. You should study the steps until
you remember their proper sequence.
3-23
3203. Receive a Frequency Hop (FH) Net Update
The Frequency Hop (FH) Net update is used to update data during net operations. Sometimes
you, the incidental operator, will find it is also necessary to add new FH data as well. You can do
so when you perform an FH net update. Before performing the FH net update you will always
receive an update alert from the NCS. You will more than likely serve as a net member. The
NCS operator will state, "All stations, this is Net Control. Standby for ERF update. Over."
Your response would be to acknowledge receiving the message, "Roger, out." Then follow these
steps to receive an FH net update.
a. Set the FCTN switch to LD. Leave all other controls in the same position as the last
communication. (See figure 3-25.)
Fig 3-25. Controls in positions to receive an FH net update.
b. Standby (wait) for update to be sent.
Notes: Store Electronic Remote Fill (ERF) as directed by NCS.
For the purpose of this lesson, store the data in channel 4.
c. Press the number 4 key on the keyboard to store the FH net update into the permanent
memory.
d. Ensure the FH net update is stored in the memory.
(1) Place the CHAN control in the channel 4 position.
(2) Place the FCTN switch in the normal operating position, SQ ON.
Note: This completely stores the FH net update.
3-24
e. Acknowledge the frequency update received to NCS.
(1) State, "Net Control, this is (identify yourself) Alpha One Bravo. Have received and
stored ERF Update."
(2) The NCS will acknowledge your confirmation by stating, "Roger, out."
f. Place the FCTN switch in the normal operating position "SQ ON."
g. On command by Net Control, set your channel switch to the channel where the update was
stored.
Note: You have now received, stored, and are communicating ERF update.
Try the challenges to help you remember the procedures necessary to receive an FH net update.
1. When loading FH net update data, in what position is the function (FCTN)
switch placed?
a. Z-FH c. LOAD/LD
b. RXMT d. FH
2. On the keyboard, which key is pressed to store the FH net update data?
a. LOUT/9 c. STO
b. BATT/CALL d. SYNC/3
3. What is the meaning of the acronym ERF?
a. Electromagnetic Remote Fill

b. Electrically Removed Face
c. Electronic Remote Fill
d. Electric Relay Fuse
3-25
4. When must you store FH net update into a channel?
a. After 30 seconds
b. When directed by NCS
c. As soon as the update is stored
d. During the update operation
If your answers to the challenges are 1. c, 2. c, 3. c, and 4. b; you are correct and you may
continue. If your answers to either challenge are incorrect, review paragraph 3203 before
continuing.
3204. Perform Late Net Entries (Passive Late Net, and CUE and ERF)
You will find that sometimes your RT clock may drift "OFF" from NCS control clock. You, as
an incidental operator, must get your clock in "sync" with the NCS's clock. There are two
methods used to get back in "sync" with the NCS's clock. These methods are the passive late net
entry, and the CUE and ERF. Each method is identified and a step-by-step performance
procedure is discussed in the text that follows.
a. Passive late net entry. This method is the primary alternative, try it first.
Note: For the purpose of this lesson, use channel 1 to set a late net entry.
(1) Set the CHAN control to position 1.
(2) Set the MODE control to the FH position.
(3) Turn the FCTN switch to SQ ON.
(4) Turn the COMSEC to CT.
Note: Now, all switches are in the normal operating position and you have selected a
channel to enter a frequency.
(5) Press the frequency key on the RT-1523 keyboard.
Note: Once you have pressed FREQ key your hopset number will appear in the RT
screen.
3-26
(6) Press the SYNC/3 key.
Note: "L" will appear on the display window in front of the hopset number. The
"L" lets you know that you are engaged in the late net entry process.
(7) Monitor the net for at least 3 minutes, using your handset.
Note: Using your headset, listen until you hear traffic. Once you hear traffic,
contact the station you heard first. When the signal is received, the late net
entry process is canceled. Now, you must remove the "L" from the display
screen. (See figure 3-26.)
Fig 3-26. "L" appearing on the RT-1523 display window.
(8) Remove the "L" by pressing the FREQ key on the keyboard. (See figure 3-26.)
Note: If the preceding method does not work such as, no signals are received or your
clock is too far out of "sync," you must use the CUE and ERF method.
b. CUE and ERF method. This method is simpler and faster than the passive late net entry
method. This method allows you to load the CUE frequency of the net to be entered. Frequency
is dictated to the unit commander.
Note: For the purpose of this lesson, load a frequency of 87975.
3-27
(1) Place the CHAN control to the CUE position to begin.
(2) Set FCTN control to LOAD.
(3) Press the FREQ on the RT keyboard. (See figure 3-27.)
Note: The RT-1523 display window will show "00000," or the currently tuned
frequency.
Fig 3-27. Cue to enter CUE frequency.
(4) Press the CLR key so that you can enter the new frequency.
(5) Enter the new frequency, in your case the new frequency is 87975 on command of
the company commander.
a. Press the number 8 on the RT-1523 keyboard.
b. Press the number 7.
c. Press the number 9.
d. Press the number 7.
e. Press the number 5 to enter the last number.
3-28
Note: There are five numbers entered on the RT-1523 screen. (See figure 3-28.)
Fig 3-28. RT-1523 display window showing new frequency entered.
(6) Press the STO key to store the newly entered frequency.
(7) Now, load the manual frequency of the net you wish to enter.
(a) Change the channel control from CHAN to MAN.
(b) Set the FCTN control to LD. (This control should already be in this position, if
it is not; position it.)
(c) Press the FREQ key on the keyboard to enter the manual frequency.
Note: Upon pressing the FREQ key you will notice the display window will show
"00000" or the currently tuned frequency.
(d) Press the CLR key.
Note: For the purpose of this lesson, the new frequency is 30000.
(e) Enter the new frequency.
1. Enter the number 3 by pressing it on the RT-1523 keyboard.
2. Enter the number 0.
5. Enter the last number of the frequency, 0.

3-29
(f) Store the newly entered manual frequency by pressing the STO key.
Note: To store the frequency you can change from MAN, CUE, or any other channel.
Data will be stored accordingly.
(g) Set the RF power control to HI. (See figure 3-29.)
Fig 3-29. RF power control in HI position.
(h) Set the COMSEC control to PT.
(i) Set the CHAN control to CUE.
(j) Press the "push-to-talk" (PTT) button on the handset for 2 to 3 seconds. (See
figure 3-30.)
Fig 3-30. Press the "push-to-talk" (PTT) button on the handset.
3-30
(k) Set the COMSEC control back to CT.
(l) Set the CHAN control to MAN.
(m) Wait 30 seconds for a reply from NCS.
Note: If you do not get a reply from NCS within 30 seconds, repeat the CUE process
(COMSEC to PT, and press the PTT for 2 to 3 seconds.)
Lesson Summary. In this lesson you learned to describe a net opening and to identify each net
opening method. You know the performance procedure of each method. You also know how to
receive late net update entries. You are able to identify late net update procedures. Before
continuing, try the lesson exercise to reinforce what you have learned in this lesson. It will also
prepare you for the unit exercise.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
your responses against those listed at the end of this lesson.
1. What is the purpose of a net opening?
a. Load needed data into the RT before entering an FH net

b. Load and store CUE channel frequency
c. Load and store MAN channel frequency
d. Load hopset and COMSEC data
2. The primary method of a net opening is
a. HOT START. c. second start.

b. COLD START. d. quick start.
3. To store time and ensure it is in "sync" with the net control station (NCS), the
seconds key must be within the time standard.
a. 10 seconds + or -
b. 8 seconds + or -
c. 6 seconds + or -
d. 4 seconds + or -
3-31
4. The five items of required data to perform a COLD START net opening are manual
frequency, CUE frequency, hopset in CHAN 1,
a. COMSEC key, and "sync" time.

b. NET ID, and Julian date.
c. Zulu time, and Julian date.
d. TEKP, and KEK.
5. In what position is the function (FCTN) switch placed when loading FH net update
data?
a. Z-FH c. LOAD/LD
b. RXMT d. FH
6. When performing a COLD START, you will be contacted by the net control station
(NCS) on the channel to verify communications.
a. CHAN 6 c. MAN
b. CHAN 5 d. CUE
a. LOUT/9 c. STO
8. What does the acronym ERF stand for?

9. When do you go to the channel where the update is stored?
a. After 30 seconds
10. Scrolling COMSEC can be accomplished on channel through , but NOT

on CHAN 6.
a. MAN; 5 c. 3; 5
b. CUE; 5 d. 1; 5
3-32
Reference
1. a. 3201
2. a. 3202
3. d. 3202
4. c. 3202
5. a. 3202
6. c. 3203
7. c. 3203
8. c. 3203
9. b. 3203
10. d. 3204
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Study Unit 3 Exercise: Complete items 1 through 21 by performing the action required. Check
your responses against those listed at the end of this study unit.
1. To clear single channel frequencies the MODE switch is in the _________________

position and the CHAN control is in the position of the channel that is being cleared.
a. channel 1 c. single channel (SC)

b. channels 1 through 6 d. channel 1
2. Once the frequency is entered, what key is pressed on the keyboard to store data into
permanent memory?
a. DATA c. SYNC
b. STO d. TIME
For items 3 through 8, select the appropriate meaning for each FAIL CODE indicated.
3. FAIL 1

3-33
4. FAIL 2

5. FAIL 3

6. FAIL 4

7. FAIL 5
a. COMSEC failure
b. ECCM failure
c. Low battery
8. FAIL 6
a. COMSEC failure
b. ECCM failure
c. Low battery

malfunctioning, what type of FAIL CODE is received and what corrective action
should you take?

10. When loading SC frequencies the FCTN control must be in the position.
a. REM c. CT
b. LD d. TST
3-34
11. What position must the MODE switch be placed when loading a single channel
frequency?
a. FH-M c. SC
b. SQ ON d. LD
a. Load needed data into the RT prior to entering an FH net

a. HOT START. c. quick start.

b. COLD START. d. second start.
14. To store time to ensure it is in "sync" with the net control station (NCS) the second
key must be within the time standard.
b. 8 seconds + or -
c. 6 seconds + or -
d. 4 seconds + or -
15 The five items of required data to perform a COLD START net opening are manual

d. TEKP, and KEK.
data?
a. Z-FH c. LD
b. RXMT d. FH
a. CHAN 6 c. MAN
b. CHAN 5 d. CUE
3-35
a. LOUT/9 c. STO

a. After 30 seconds
21. Scrolling COMSEC can be accomplished on through , but NOT on

CHAN 6.
a. MAN; 5 c. 3; 5
b. CUE; 5 d. 1; 5
UNIT SUMMARY
This study unit prepared you to become proficient in skills required of an incidental radio
operator. You should be capable of identifying self-test, single channel loading, and clearing
procedures. You should also be able to recognize the various FAIL indicators, and identify
procedures and methods related to frequency hopset operations. These operations include net
opening procedures and the two methods used to perform a net opening. You should know how
to receive a net opening and the requirements of performing late net entries. Try the review
lesson exercise to determine how well you have mastered your requirements as an incidental radio
operator.
3-36
Reference
1. c. 3101
2. b. 3101
3. c. 3102
4. a. 3102
5. b. 3102
6. d. 3102
7. a. 3102
8. d. 3102
9. b. 3102
10. b. 3103
11. c. 3201
12. a. 3202
13. a. 3202
14. d. 3202
15. a. 3202
16. c. 3203
17. c. 3203
18. c. 3203
19. c. 3203
20. b. 3204
21. d. 3204
3-37
SINGLE CHANNEL GROUND AIRBORNE RADIO SYSTEM (SINCGARS)
REVIEW LESSON EXAMINATION
INSTRUCTIONS: The purpose of the review lesson is to prepare you for your final examination.
We recommend that you try to complete your review lesson without referring to the text, but for
those items (questions) you are unsure of, restudy the text. When you finish your review lesson
and are satisfied with your responses, check your responses against the answers provided at the
end of this review lesson examination.
Select the ONE answer which BEST completes the statement or answers the item. For multiple
choice items circle your response. For matching items, place the letter of your response in the
spaces provided.
1. The most significant difference between SINCGARS and the older generation radio
is ________________________________________________________________.

2. Identify the modulation of the SINCGARS.
a. Amplitude modulation c. Frequency modulation

b. Modulated continuous wave d. Unmodulated
3. Identify operating frequency range of the SINCGARS.
a. 25.000 - 87.975 MHz c. 30.000 - 87.975 MHz

b. 29.975 - 79.975 MHz d. 35.000 - 87.975 MHz
4. Identify the channel spacing for the SINCGARS.
a. + or - 5/10 kHz c. 50 kHz

b. 25 kHz d. 2320
5. Identify the power requirement of the manpack configuration of the AN/PRC-119B.
a. 3.5 VDC c. 25.5 VDC

b. 22.7 VDC d. 30.5 VDC
R-1
6. Identify the number of channels available to the SINCGARS?
a. 8 single channels and 6 frequency hopping

b. 920
c. 6 single channels and 4 frequency hopping
d. 2320
Matching: For items 7 through 11, match the equipment in column 1 with the correct
nomenclature in column 2. Place your responses in the spaces provided.
Column 1 Column 2
Equipment Nomenclature

10. Short-Range Vehicle Radio Set e. AS-3900
11. Manpack Radio Set f. AN/VRC-119B
12. There are three positions to the control switch.
a. MODE c. Cipher
b. COMSEC d. FCTN
13. The positions that you may use to set the COMSEC control switch are
a. CT, RT, RH, and RV. c. PT, RH, RV, TD, and Z.
b. PT, CT, TD, RV, and Z. d. PT, RT, CT, and RH.
14. The CHAN (channel) switch allows you to select the
a. manual, M, LD, HI, and PA frequencies.

b. manual, Preset frequencies, CUE frequencies, and FH hopset.
c. manual and hopset.
d. preset, CUE frequencies, and FH hopset.
15. The RF allows you to select the following positions .
a. LO through HI c. LO, M, HI, or PA

b. LO, HI, or PA d. MAN, LO, HI, or PA
R-2
16. Identify the switch that contains the CUE position on the RT-1523.
a. CHAN c. COMSEC
b. MODE d. VOLUME/WHSP
Directions: For items 17 through 32, identify each key with the correct item number.
17. Causes COMSEC key to be displayed.

18. Use to retrieve lockout set, also clears selected lockout set.
19. Use to send FH ECCM remote fill data.
20. Use with DATA/4 key to select new data rate.
21. Use for loading data.
24. Use to clear data from the keyboard display.
25. Enters late entry procedures.
26. Use to check and set battery life condition in manpack radio.
27. Shows the operating data rate.
28. Use to move FH data from PM to HM.
29. Shows current state of special COMSEC mode operation.
30. Enter number 8.
31. Displays the RT SC frequency, or RT hopset number.
32. Use to check the RT FH "sync" time clock.
R-3
33. In what position must you place the FCTN switch when transferring variables?
a. SQ ON c. LD
b. RX d. CT
34. You must press the "push-to-talk" button on the handset how many times to clear the
crypto alarm?
a. Once c. Not required

b. Twice d. Three times
35. The "fill cable" connector on the RT-1523 is connected to which of the
following connectors?
a. RXMT c. AUD/DATA
b. AUD/FILL d. Crypto
36. Which key is pressed on the Data Transfer Device (DTD) to transfer variables?
a. CHG/7 c. LOAD/0
b. LOUT/9 d. ERF/OFST
37. "TEK" is used on the RT display screen to indicate using the .

b. Transmitting Encryption Key
c. Transversal Engineer
d. Traffic Encryption Key
38. The KYK-13 fill device allows you to fill COMSEC variables into the .
a. RT-1523 c. ON-512424
b. ON-512224 d. Initiating button

a. RT-123 c. ON-512424
b. J1 d. P1
R-4
SINCGARS radio equipment.
a. AN/CYZ-10 Data Transfer Device (DTD)

b. KYK-13 fill device
c. P1
d. J1
41. When CSEP appears on the RT display window, it cues you that it is referring to the
.
a. Crypto Single Encryption Program

b. Channel Source Enlisted Program
c. Codes Source Engineer Program
d. Consolidated Single Channel Radio ECCM Package
For items 42 through 47, select the appropriate meaning for each FAIL CODE indicated.
42. FAIL 1
a. ECCM failure c. Receive rate failure

b. Data rate failure d. Remote input/output failure
43. FAIL 2

44. FAIL 3

45. FAIL 4

46. FAIL 5
a. COMSEC failure
b. ECCM failure
c. Low battery
R-5
47. FAIL 6
a. COMSEC failure
b. ECCM failure
c. Low battery

49. When loading SC frequencies the FCTN control must be in the position?
a. REM c. CT
b. LD d. TST
50. Once the frequency is entered, what key is pressed on the keyboard to store data into
permanent memory?
a. DATA c. SYNC
b. STO d. TIME
51. What position must the MODE switch be placed when loading a single channel
frequency?
a. FH-M c. SC
b. SQ ON d. LD
a. Load needed data into the RT prior to entering an FH net

R-6
a. HOT START. c. quick start.

b. COLD START. d. second start.
54. To store time ensuring it is in "sync" with the net control station (NCS), the second
key must be within the time standard.
b. 8 seconds + or -
c. 6 seconds + or -
d. 4 seconds + or -
55. The five items of required data to perform a COLD START net opening are manual

d. TEKP, and KEK.
data?
a. Z-FH c. LOAD/LD
b. RXMT d. FH
a. CHAN 6 c. MAN
b. CHAN 5 d. CUE
a. LOUT/9 c. STO

R-7
a. After 30 seconds
61. Scrolling COMSEC can be accomplished on through , but NOT on

CHAN 6.
a. MAN; 5 c. 3; 5
b. CUE; 5 d. 1; 5
R-8
Review Lesson Solutions
References
1. a. 1101
2. c. 1102
3. c. 1102
4. b. 1102
5. a. 1102
6. d. 1102
7. d. 1103
8. e. 1103
9. b. 1103
10. c. 1103
11. a. 1103
12. a. 1201
13. b. 1201
14. b. 1201
15. c. 1201
16. a. 1201
17-32. See diagram on page 1-29 1202
33. c. 2201
34. b. 2201
35. b. 2202
36. c. 2202
37. d. 2202
38. a. 2203
39. c. 2203
40. b. 2203
41. d. 2203
42. c. 3102
43. b. 3102
44. a. 3102
45. d. 3102
46. a. 3102
47. d. 3102
48. b. 3102
49. b. 3103
50. b. 3103
R-9
Review Lesson Solutions -- continued
Reference
51. c. 3103
52. a. 3201
53. a. 3202
54. d. 3202
55. a. 3202
56. c. 3203
57. c. 3203
58. c. 3203
59. c. 3203
60. b. 3204
61. a. 3204
R-10
GLOSSARY
battery life Approximate rating of how much energy a battery can deliver
before its useful life is finished.
broadcast 1. A mode of communications using radio waves that transmit

with the intent of reception by more than one receiver.
2. A technique used to distribute fill data to multiple stations
simultaneously.
channel Circuit in radio transmitter (RT) in which a frequency and/or

hopset can be loaded and stored.
cold start net opening Method used to initially open a net.
cold start TSK Cold start Transmission Security Key (TSK), when combined with
the proper switch setting will result in "COLD" display. When
"COLD" is displayed, it is possible to begin COLD START net
opening.
command and control (C2) The exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated
commander over assigned forces in the accomplishment of the
mission.
compatible The capability of two or more items or components of equipment

or material to exist or function in the same system or environment
without mutual interference.
COMSEC key Variable used to encrypt/decrypt signals during a secure

operation. TEK and KEK are COMSEC keys.
configuration A combination in which a set of components can be grouped or

arranged.
Cryptographic Ignition A physical key required for the AN/CYZ-10 Data Transfer Device
Key (CIK) (DTD)/Automated Net Control Device (ANCD) that
electronically allows access to that device's functions and stored
data.
cue The act of hailing the NCS using the CUE frequency.
G-1
GLOSSARY, continued
CUE Used to contact an FH radio net when you are not an active
member of that net. CUE can be used if you are operating in SC
and wish to contact an FH net.
ECCM Method of operation used to reduce the effects of jamming.
data rate The speed at which information can be passed, usually measured in
bits per second.
decode To convert information from the form used to carry it through a

communications system to another form such as audible voice.
decrypt To convert encrypted text into its equivalent plain text, to decipher.
Electronic Counter Actions taken to prevent or reduce an enemy's affective use of the
Measures (ECM) electromagnetic spectrum.
Electronic Remote Fill Method in which an RT is loaded with FH data transmitted by

(ERF) a Net Control Station (NCS) radio; used during a COLD START
net opening.
encrypt To convert plain text into unintelligible forms by the means of a

reversible mathematical computation to provide security.
FH sync data Data that the RT operates on during frequency hopping; includes
hopsets, lockout sets, FH sync time, TSK, TEK, and KEK.
FH sync time Clock in the RT used for timing FH operations. The NCS is the
timekeeper for net RT clocks.
frequency hopping (FH) ECCM method of operation. The RT circuits automatically

operation change frequencies rapidly.
holding memory Memory in the RT used with sending, loading or retrieving fill
data.
jamming (electronic) The deliberate radiation, reradiation, or reflection of

electromagnetic energy for the purpose of disrupting enemy use
of electronic devices, equipment or systems.
G-2
GLOSSARY, continued
key 1. A means of gaining or preventing access.

2. A set of instruments governing the encryption or decryption of
a message.
kilohertz (kHz) A unit of frequency equal to 1000 Hertz (cycles per second).
line-of-sight (LOS) During operation, radio antennas MUST be able to be seen by each
other for good communication. The path between the radio
antennas is called the LOS.
Late Net Entry The method of entering the net in which a station cues the NCS
and the NCS sends the required fill data using ERF.
lockout set Data which presents transmission/reception on particular

frequencies; used for FH by all RT using the hopset that needs the
lockout set (may not be needed for some hopsets).
manpack (MP) A radio set designed to be carried by one Marine in a backpack

(e.g. AN/PRC-119B).
master radio Radio in an FH radio net which is operated in FH-M mode;

normally operated by the NCS.
meaconing A system of receiving radio beacon signals and rebroadcasting

them on the same frequency to confuse navigation. Meaconing
stations cause inaccurate bearings to be obtained by aircraft or
ground stations.
megahertz (MHz) A unit of frequency equal to 1 million Hertz (cycles per second).
member radio Any radio in an FH radio net that is not the master radio.
mode 1 fill A feature of software residing in the DTD that allows a SINGARS
radio to be loaded with COMSEC keys and FH data one channel
at a time.
mode 2 fill A feature of software residing in the DTD that allows COMSEC
keys and FH data to be loaded into all channels of a SINGARS as a
single process.
net A group of radio stations operating on a common assigned

frequency or Net-ID (including hopset and time) for the purpose of
communicating with each other.
G-3
GLOSSARY, continued
Net-ID A three-digit code between 000 and 999 used to identify a specific
SINGARS net. The Net ID is one factor determining the point at
which the SINGARS radio will start hopping within a frequency
hopset.
net control station (NCS) A station designated to control communications and enforce net
discipline within a specific radio net.
net update The method of updating actively frequency hopping net radios with
new (next period) fill data using ERF.
offset To change an SC operating frequency by adding and subtracting 5

or 10 kHz; often done to reduce the effects of jamming
interference.
passive late net entry The method of resynchronizing a net radio, the clock of which has
drifted to between 4-60 seconds from NST, characterized by
setting the radio to make larger than normal corrections each time
the NCS transmits.
preset channel Frequency or hopset loaded into a preset channel.
remote fill (COMSEC) Transmitting a COMSEC key from KYX-15 to net member's
radios.
secure operation Communication encryption/decryption of voice and data signals.
sidetone Background audio you hear in the earpiece when keying the
transmitter and talking into microphone.
single channel (SC) The RT method of operation using one selected frequency.
squelch Circuit in the RT that eliminates the rushing sound in the earpiece
or loud speaker when no real signal is being received.
whip antenna An antenna which has no elements extending from the single
(flexible) shaft.
zero all Operating procedure performed to clear all preset SC and FH data
from the RT's memory; also clears TSK.
G-4
BIBLIOGRAPHY
SOURCE MATERIALS
Field Radio Operators Course. MCCES, 1995
TM 11-5820-890-10-1. Operator's Manual SINCGARS Ground Combat Net Radio, ICOM

(1990)
TM 11-5820-890-10-2. SINCGARS ICOM Ground Radio Operator's Pocket Guide (1991)
ITT-A/OD Number 33001/3009-1, 1990. SINCGARS (Instructors Guide/Lesson Plan NCS

Course (Draft)) (1990)
MCI-RELATED COURSES
25.20 Communcation for the FMF Marine.
25.30 VHF Field Radio Equipment.

2538A Single Channel Ground Airborne Radio System

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MCI 2538A

MARINE CORPS INSTITUTE

SINGLE CHANNEL GROUND

MCI 2538 SINGLE CHANNEL GROUND AIRBORNE RADIO SYSTEM (SINCGARS)

4. Recommendations. Comments and recommendations on the contents of the course are

Student Information .......................................................................................................... iii

Study Guide ...................................................................................................................... v

Study Unit 1 Introduction/Characteristics of the Single Channel Ground

Lesson 1 Characteristics and Capabilities of SINCGARS Equipment ........ 1-1

Lesson 1 Single Channel Operation Procedures Indicators ......................... 3-1

Review Lesson .................................................................................................................. R-1

Glossary ............................................................................................................................ G-1

MCI Course 2538 i

MCI Course 2538 ii

Number and MCI 2538

Review Agency MCCES – Marine Corps Communication Electronics School

ACE Course submitted for review by the American Council on Education.

Continued on next page

MCI Course 2538 iii

• Commercial: (202) 685-7620

Marine Corps Institute

Minimum • 4.3 MB disk space

MCI Course 2538 iv

Congratulations Congratulations on your enrollment in a distance education course from the

• YOU SEEK TO IMPROVE YOURSELF. You are enrolled to improve

• YOU HAVE THE INITIATIVE TO ACT. By acting on your own, you

• YOU ACCEPT CHALLENGES. You have self-confidence and believe

• YOU ARE ABLE TO SET AND ACCOMPLISH PRACTICAL

Continued on next page

MCI Course 2538 v

Continued on next page

MCI Course 2538 vi

• CHALLENGE YOURSELF. Try to recall the entire learning sequence

• USE UNUSED MINUTES. Use your spare moments to review. Read

• APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED. It is always best to use the

• USE THE “SHAKEDOWN CRUISE” TECHNIQUE. Ask another

• MAKE REVIEWS FUN AND BENEFICIAL. Reviews are good habits

Continued on next page

MCI Course 2538 vii

Graduating! As a graduate of this distance education course and as a dedicated Marine,

MCI Course 2538 viii

INTRODUCTION/CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SINGLE CHANNEL GROUND

SINCGARS, a vital piece of equipment, is part of the Integrated Communications (ICOM).

Lesson 1. CHARACTERISTICS AND CAPABILITIES OF SINCGARS EQUIPMENT

1. Describe the SINCGARS radio.

2. List the characteristics of the SINCGARS radio.

3. Identify the SINCGARS family of radios.

4. List the configurations of the SINCGARS radio using the RT-1523.

1101. Describe the SINCGARS Radio

Try the challenge.

(Complete the statement)

a. SINCGARS' ability to automatically change frequencies (frequency hop)

1102. Recognize the Characteristics of the SINCGARS

a. Type of Modulation. Frequency Modulated (FM).

b. Frequency Range. 30.000 MHz to 87.975 MHz.

c. Channel Spacing. 25 kHz.

d. Channels of Operation. 2,320.

e. Frequency Offset Ability. + or -5 (or 10) and 10 kHz.

(Circle letter of the correct response)

1. What is the operating frequency of the SINCGARS?