NAME: SECTION:

CA2 - FINAL EXAM

1. It is the authority of the President of the Philippines to suspend the execution of a penalty, reduce the sentence and
    extinguish criminal liability.
       A. Parole C. Pardon
       B.Executive clemency D. President’s Clemency
      
2. The B.J.M.P. is under the administration of the:
       A.    Executive Department   C. D.I.L.G   
       B.    P.N.P. D. D.O.J
      
3. There are three (3) casework techniques applied by the parole officer, which is not included?
       A. The trick and treat techniques C. The guidance, counselling and leadership techniques
       B.The executive techniques D. The manipulative techniques
      
4. The basis of this old school of penology is the human free-will.
       A.    Penology School        C. Neo - classical
       B.    Classical School D. Positivist
      
5. This helps the prisoner/detainee in the resolution of his problems
       A.    Meeting            C. Recreation
       B.    Working D. Counseling
      
6. Takes charge of financial matters especially in programming, budgeting, accounting, and other activities related to financial
    services.  It consolidates and prepares financial reports and related statements of subsistence outlays and disbursements in
    the operational of the jail.
       A.    Budget and finance branch    C. Property and supply branch
       B.    General services branch D. Mess services branch
      
7. Operation conducted by the BJMP wherein a prisoner maybe checked at any time.  His bedding's, lockers and personal
     belongings may also be opened at anytime, in his presence, whenever possible.  This practice is known as:
       A.    Check and balance    C. Inventory
       B.    S.O.P. D. Operation Greyhound
      
8. Pardon cannot be extended to one of the following instances.
       A.    Murder C. Rape
       B.    Brigandage D. Impeachment
      
9. It refers to commission of another crime during service of sentence of penalty imposed for another previous offense.
       A.    Recidivism    C. Quasi - recidivism
       B.    Delinquency D. City prisoner
      
10. A person who is detained for the violation of law or ordinance and has not been convicted is a -
       A.    Detention Prisoner C. Municipal Prisoner
       B.    Provincial Prisoner D. City Prisoner
      
11. The following are forms of executive clemency, EXCEPT
       A.    Commutation        C. Amnesty
       B.    Reform model D. Pardon
   
12. It is that branch of the administration of Criminal Justice System charged with the responsibility for the custody,
     supervision, and rehabilitation of the convicted offender.
       A.    conviction    C. penalty
       B.    corrections D. punishment

13. Which of the following instances Pardon cannot be exercised?

       A.    before conviction C. after conviction
       B.    before trial D. during service of sentence
      
14. This is a procedure which permits a jail prisoner to pursue his normal job during the week and return to the jail to serve
     his sentence during the weekend or non-working hours.
       A.    Amnesty C. probation
       B.    good conduct time allowance D. delayed sentence
      
15. The following are the justifications of punishment, EXCEPT
       A.    Retribution  C. Redress          
       B.    Deterrence D. Atonement
      
16. Pardon is exercised when the person is __.
       A.    already convicted C. about to be convicted
       B.    not yet convicted D. serve the sentence
      
17. The idea that punishment will be give the offender lesson by showing to others what would happen to them if they have   
     committed  the heinous crime.
       A. Protection C. Lethal injection
       B. Deterrence D. Stoning
      
18. For a convicted offender, probation is a form of __.
       A.  Punishment C. Enjoyment
       B.  Treatment D, Incarceration
      
19. For amnesty to be granted, there should be __.
       A.    Recommendation from U.N. C. Application from CHR
       B.    Recommendation from C.H.R. D. Concurrence of the congress
      
20. The head of the Bureau of Corrections is the
       A.    Director C. Chief of Executive
       B.    Secretary of the DND D. Prison Inspector
      
21. Which program plays a unique role in the moral and spiritual regeneration of the prisoner?
       A.    None of these C. Education Programs
       B.Work programs D. Religious Programs
      
22. It is a penalty wherein a convicted person shall not be permitted to enter the place designated in the sentence or within the
radius therein specified, which shall not be more than 250 and not less than 25 kilometers from the place designated.
       A.    Fine C. P22.00/day
       B.    None of these D. P19.00/day
      
23. Giving punishment to a person so to serve as an example to others is the theory of
       A.    Self-defense C. Exemplary
       B.    Social defense D. Equality
      
24. The purpose of the decree on probation shall be to
       A.    provide an opportunity for the reformation of a penitent offender
       B.    prevent the commission of offenses
       C.    promote the correction and rehabilitation of an offender by providing him with individualized treatment
       D.    All of these                                                 

25. In the Philippines, the most common problem of the National Prison is
       A.    Excessive number of escapes C. Disagreement about their mess
       B.    Overcrowding D. Lack of adequate funding
      
26. A justification of penalty which states that nobody can assume the suffering for a crime committed by others.
       A.    Justice C. Legal
       B.    Personal D. Certain
      
27. These are the factors considered in diversification, EXCEPT;
       A.    Age of offenders        C. Sex offenders
       B.    Mother of offender D. Medical condition
      
28. This branch takes charge of the preparation of the daily menu, makes foodstuff purchases, prepares and cooks the food and     
      serves it to the inmates.It maintains a record of daily purchases and consumption and submits a daily report to the warden.
       A.    General Services Branch C. Budget and Finance
       B.    Mittimus Computing Branch D. Mess service branch
     
29. Under Article VII, Section 10 paragraph (B) of the Philippines Constitution, pardoning power is vested with the
       A.    Department of Justice C. Chief Executive
       B.    Judiciary D. Legislative
      
30. The temporary stay of execution of sentence is called
       A.    Reprieve C. Communication
       B.    Pardon D. Amnesty
      
31. Parole is a matter of ___.
       A.    Privilege C. Grace
       B.    Right D. Requirement
      
32. This group consists of chronic troublemakers but not as   dangerous as the super security prisoners.  They are not allowed to
work outside the institution.
       A.    maximum security prisoners C. minimum security prisoners
       B.    super security prisoners D. medium security prisoners

33. Among the following, which has the authority to grant parole?
       A.    President C. Director of Prison
       B.    Board of Pardons and Parole D. Court
      
34. A recipient of absolute pardon is ________ from civil liability imposed upon him by the sentence.
       A.    partially exempted C. conditionally exempted
       B.    exempted D. not exempted
      
35. It is an act of clemency which changes a heavier sentence to a less serious one or a longer term to a shorter term.
       A.    Amnesty    C. Reprieve
       B.    Commutation D. none of these
      
36. ___ is an act of grace and the recipient is not entitled to it as a matter of right.
       A.    Pardon C. Probation
       B.    Parole D. none of these
      
37. In probation system’s philosophy and concept, it is stated that the individual has the ability to ____ and to modify
      his anti-social behavior with the right kind of help.
       A.    challenge C. change
       B.    none of these D. aggravate his behavior
      
38. The Bureau of Corrections is under the _____.
       A.    Department of Social Welfare and Development
       B.    Department of Justice
       C.    Department of the Interior and Local Government
       D.    Department of Health                                    

39. A person who is sentenced to serve a prison term of over three (3) years is a _________________.
       A.    Municipal prisoner C. National or Insular prisoner
       B.    Detention prisoner D. City prisoner
      
40. The Head of Bureau of Corrections is also the
       A.    Chief of the Bureau of Corrections C. Superintendent of the Bureau of Corrections
       B.    Director of the Bureau of Corrections D. Warden
      
41. What is the type of Jails under the Supervision of the BJMP?
       A.    Provincial and sub-Provincial Jails C. Lock up jails
       B.    City and Municipal Jails D. Insular jails
      
42. Provincial Jails were first established in 1910 under the American Regime.  At present, who supervises and controls the
     said jails?
       A.    BJMP C. DOJ
       B.    Provincial Government D. Municipal or City Mayor
      
43. What is the primary purpose of imprisonment?
       A.    Rehabilitation and Reformation C. Punishment
       B.    To stand trial D. Socialization
      
44. Which is a place of confinement for persons awaiting trial of court action and where the convicted offenders serve short
      sentences or penalty of imprisonment?
       A.    Jail C. Penitentiary
       B.    Lock-up D. Detention Cells
      
45. Which is a warrant issued by the court bearing its seal and signature of the judge directing the jail or prison authorities to
    receive the convicted offender for service of sentence or detention?
       A.    Mittimus C. Sentence Mittimus
       B.    Detention Mittimus D. Detention Warrant
      
46. The maintenance or care and protection accorded to people who by authority of law are temporarily incarcerated for violation
    of laws and also those who were sentenced by the court to serve judgment is called –
       A. custody C. classification
       B.    safe-keeping D. caring
      
47. Which of these refers to the assigning or grouping of offenders according to their sentence, gender, age, nationality, health,
    criminal record, etc.?
       A.    None of these C. Security
       B.    Custody D. Safe keeping
       
48. The institution for dangerous but not incorrigible prisoners in the Philippines is the
       A.    NBP    C. Maximum Security Institution
       B.    Medium Security Institution D. Minimum Security Institution
      
49. The act of grace from a sovereign power inherent in the state which exempts an individual from the punishment which the
 law imposes or prescribes for his crime, extended by the Presidentt thru the recommendation of the Board of Parole and Pardon
is called
       A.    Amnesty C. Pardon
       B.    Parole D. Probation
      
50. Under the prison service manual, the prescribed color of prison uniform for maximum security prison is -
       A.    Orange    C. Stripe Orange
       B.    Brown D. Blue
      
51. When an inmate is given a “shakedown” before admission, it means:
       A.    He has taken the process of identification, record, fingerprint and photograph
       B.    He has been examined for contraband
       C.    His commitment paper are delivered to record clerk
       D.    All of these                                                 

52. An inmate maybe granted parole if he

       A.    earned good conduct time allowance credit
       B.    serve minimum sentence
       C.    earned good behavior while serving prison term
       D.    all of these                                                 

53. Aside from protecting the public, imprisonment has for its latest objective, the
       A.    reformation of offenders C. segregation of offender
       B.    deterrence D. confinement of offender
      
54. In the New Bilibid Prison, all medium security prisoners are confined at the
       A.    NBP Main Prison C. Camp Sampaguita
       B.    Camp Bukang Liwayway D. Medium Security Prison
     
55. Under the prison rules, who is charged for the hearing of disciplinary cases in prison?
       A.    Classification Board   C. Administrative Board 
       B.    Parole Board D. Disciplinary Board
     
56. The form of conditional release that is granted after a prisoner has served a portion of his sentence in a correctional
       A.    Conditional pardon C. Parole
       B.    Probation D. Commutation
      
57. In jails or prisons, which of the following is a function of the Custodial Division?
       A.    Supervision of prisoners    C. Keeping of records    
       B.    Escort of inmates or prisoners D. None of the above
      
58. The putting of offenders in prison for the purpose of protecting the public and at the same time rehabilitating them by requiring
      the latter to undergo institutional treatment program is referred to as:
      A.    Imprisonment C. Conviction
      B.    Trial D. Detention
     
59. The Sablayan Penal Colony and Farm, a National Penitentiary in the Philippines under the BUCOR is located in ____.
      A.    Palawan C. Davao
      B.    Zamboanga D. Occidental Mindoro
    
60. In Babylon, about 1990 BC, this is credited as the oldest code prescribing savage punishment but in fact ___ is nearly.
      100 years older
       A.    Hammurabic Code C. Justinian Code
       B.    Sumerian Code D. Code of Draco
      
61. The penalty imposed for offenders must be certain.  This means that:
       A.    The guilty one must be the one to be punished, no proxy.
       B.    No one must escape its effect
       C.    It must be equal for all persons
       D.    The consequence must be in accordance with law.                                                   

62. The following are the duties of the custodial force in prison, except:
       A.    Censor offender’s items C. Inspect security devices
       B.    Escort inmates D. Conduct disciplinary hearing
      
63. As a rule, when a jailbreak, escape or riot is in progress or has just been perpetuated in the jail, the officer at the control
    centers shall immediately:
       A.    sound the alarm C. Notify the nearest police precint
       B.    locked prisoners in their respective cells D. Call the warden of the director
      
64. In case of mass jailbreak, all members of the custodial force shall immediately issued firearms and assigned to critical posts to:
       A.    plug off the escape routes C. protect the other inmates
       B.    to shoot the escapees D. to give warning shots
      
65. Which of these is known as the Adult Probation Law, which grants probation to prisoner sentenced to term in prison of not
    more than six (6) years?
       A.    PD 603 C. PD 968
       B.    RA 698 D. PD 869
      
66. The continuing relationship between probation officer and 
      probationer is known as –
       A.    Affiliation Guidance C. Supervision
       B.    Pre-sentenced Investigation D. Probation Guidance

67. Those who have been once on probation under the Probation Law:
       A.    are qualified to apply for probation C. may be granted for another probation
       B.    are disqualified to apply for probation D. should be confined in prison
                
68. This pillar/component of our criminal justice system has been regarded the weakest pillar due to its failure to eliminate
     recidivism and habitual offenders.
       A.    law enforcement C. court
       B.    prosecution        D. correction
     
69. The traditional goal of penology is
       A.   Retribution C. Incapacitation
       B.   Deterrence D. Rehabilitation
      
70. The attempt to prevent future crimes through fear of  punishment.
       A.   Retribution C. Incapacitation
       B.   Deterrence D. Rehabilitation
    
71. The task of changing an offender’s attitude so that he or she may not commit another crime in the future.
       A.   Retribution C. Incapacitation
       B.   Deterrence D. Rehabilitation
      
72. The idea that re-entry of an offender should be in the mainstream of society rather than the usual abrupt re-entry
      at the end of a prison sentence.
       A.   Reintegration C. Incapacitation
       B.   Deterrence D. Rehabilitation
      
73. They were known as Bridewells, which started in 1553 and served as training schools for delinquent youths, provided
      housing and support for older and poorer persons, and detained vagrants.
        A.   House of Corrections C. Common jails
        B.   Workhouses D. Penal colonies
       
74. It direct, supervise and control the administration and operation of all district,  city  and municipal jails to implement a better
    system of jail management nationwide
       A.   Bureau of Jail Management and Penology C. Bureau of Corrections
       B.   Department of Justice D. Parole and Probation Administration
   
75. It exercise supervision and control over provincial jails.
       A.   BJMP    C. Provincial Government
       B.   Bureau of  Corrections         D. Parole and Probation Administration
      
76. An agency under the Department of Justice that is charged with custody and rehabilitation of national offenders, that is, those
    sentenced to serve a term of imprisonment of more than three (3) years
       A.   BJMP   C. Provincial Government 
       B.   Bureau of  Corrections D. Parole and Probation Administration
      
77. The New Bilibid Prison, the Correctional Institution for Women (CIW), Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm, and Sablayan Prison and 
       Penal Farm are all under this agency.    
       A.   BJMP    C. Provincial Government
       B.   Bureau of  Corrections D. Department of Justice
     
78. An attached agency of the Department of Justice which provides a less costly alternative to imprisonment of offenders who are 
    likely to respond to individualized community based treatment programs.
      A.   BJMP    C. Provincial Government
       B.   Bureau of  Corrections D. Parole and Probation Administration
     
79. Prisoners whose sentences are more than three years to capital punishment are considered
       A.   municipal prisoners C. city prisoners
       B.   provincial prisoners D. insular prisoners
      
80. Prisoners whose sentences are from one day to six months are
       A.   municipal prisoners C. city prisoners
       B.   provincial prisoners D. insular prisoners
      
81. A prison model which sought penitence (hence the term  penitentiaries) through total individual isolation and silence.
       A.   Pennsylvania Prison Model C. Work release
       B.   Auburn Prison Model D. Halfway houses
      
82. A prison model where incarcerated persons are allowed to work outside the institution that houses them.
       A.   Pennsylvania Prison Model C. Work release
       B.   Auburn Prison Model D. Halfway houses
      
83. An alternative to incarceration granted after a convicted person served a part of his sentence and is allowed to complete a
    sentence at large, subject to restrictions and supervision.
       A.   Probation C. Parole
       B.   Work release D. Halfway houses
      
84.  An alternative to incarceration that allow convicted persons to remain at large and under varying degrees of restriction
      and supervision and certain conditions imposed by the granting court.                             
       A.   Probation C. Parole
       B.   Work release D. Halfway houses
      
85. A correctional institution that has the authority to detain persons awaiting trial or adjudication or confine convicted
    offenders   for a short period of time.    
       A.   Halfway houses C. Jails
       B.   Penal colonies D. All of these
      
86. A correctional institution that has the authority to detain convicted offenders for longer or extended period of time,
    including those who are waiting their death sentence.   
       A.   Halfway house C. Jail
       B.   Farm house D. Prison
     
87. The law creating the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology.
       A.   RA 8551 C. RA 6975
       B.   RA 9165 D. RA 4890
      
88. Who among the following is a provincial prisoner?
       A.   A prisoner serving a term below six (6) years
       B.   A prisoner serving a term of six (6) years and up
       C.   A prisoner serving a term of six (6) months and one (1) day to three (3) years
       D.   A prisoner serving a term of three (3)years and one (1) day up                  
                                 
89. This theory in criminology states that people are totally responsible for their behaviors and the stress is more on the
    effect of their felonious act than upon the criminal.
       A.   Positivist Theory        C. Biological Theory
       B.   Psychological Theory D. Classical Theory
      
90. Which of the following is an executive clemency that requires the concurrence of congress?
       A.   Probation   C. Amnesty 
       B.   Pardon D. Parole
     
91. The Parole and Probation Administration administers the _____ Correctional Program.
       A.   Institutional C. Community - based
       B.   Integrated D. Traditional
      
92. A minimum and maximum amount of time to be served in prison is referred to as
       A.   a corporal punishment C. an indeterminate sentence
       B.   a determinate sentence D. a capital punishment
     
93. Pedro was required to provide financial remuneration for the losses incurred by the victim. What is the type of penalty  
     described?
       A.   Bond C. Restitution
       B.   Retribution D. Remuneration
      
94. What kind of program employs prisoners in various product or good producing tasks?
       A.   Agricultural        C. Industrial
       B.   Operational D. Administrative
      
95. What crimes apparently have no complaining victims such as gambling, prostitution and drunkenness?
       A.   Complex Crime C. Blue collar crimes
       B.   Compound Crime D. Victimless crimes
      
96. Which agency performs the evaluation of prisoner’s fitness and qualifications for the grant of pardon or parole?
       A.   Punishment, confinement retribution, treatment
       B.   Retribution, Deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation
       C.   Deterrence, retribution, punishment treatment
       D.   None of the above                                         

97. Which of the following should a probationer avoid?

       A.   Make periodic report C. Work regularly to support family
       B.   Go and play in the gambling den D. Stay away from bad associates
      
98. The Supreme Court automatically reviews the cases of criminals convicted and meted out the penalty of
       A.   12 years 6 months and one day    C. Life Imprisonment
       B.   Death D. 6 years one month and one day

99. The ________ theory in crime causation focuses on the criminal disorders, chromosomes irregularity and abnormal brain
activity.
       A.   None of these C. Age of discernment
       B.   Age Reform        D. Age of Reason
      
100. What correctional institution houses accused persons awaiting trial?
       A.   Rehabilitation center    C. Halfway house
       B.   Jail D. Prison
      
101. Articles 1706 - 1727 of the revised Administrative Code as amended is known as
       A.    Correction Law C. Prison Law
       B.    Jail Management Law D. Parole and Probation Law
      
102. The mechanical device or contrivance, tools or implement used to hold back, keep in check or under control is the
       A.    Instrument of Restraint C. Handcuffs
       B.    Iron leg Lock D. Metallic chains
      
103. Who is tasked with the gathering and collecting of information and other data of every prisoner into a case study to determine
       the work assignment, the type supervision and degree of custody and restriction under which an offender must live in jail?
       A.    Classification Board C. Diagnostic Board
       B .   Board of Custody D. Treatment Board
      
104. The imprisonment a convicted offender may serve, at the rate of PhP8.00 a day subject to certain rules, for failure to pay a
       fine and if ordered to do so by the judgment is referred to as 
       A.    Subsidiary imprisonment C. Preventive Imprisonment
       B.    Secondary imprisonment D. None of the above
     
105. The meaning of the word oblivion is
       A.    forgetting completely C. abolish
       B.    class of persons D. community based treatment
     
106. The process of determining the needs  and requirements of prisoners for assigning them to programs  according to their
        existing resources is called:
       A.    classification C. diversification
       B.    quarantine D. quality control
   
107. Public humiliation or public exhibition also mean:
       A.    public execution C. banishment
       B.    social degradation D. public trial
      
108. During the 16th up to the 18th century, a criminal may be sent away from a place carried out by prohibition to coming against
a specified territory. This is an ancient form of punishment called:
       A.    Exile C. Banishment
       B.    Transportation D. Public trial
      
109. One of the following represents the earliest codification of the Roman law, which was incorporated into the Justinian Code.
       A.    Twelve Tables C. Code of Draco
       B.    Burgundian Code D. Hammurabic code
      
110. In the history of correction, thinkers during the reformatory movement were the major influences of today’s correctional
        system. Alexander Macanochie was the one who introduced the __ of correction.
       A.    Solitary system C. Marked System
       B.    Irish System D. Congregate System
      
111. What law renamed the Bureau of Prison to Bureau of Correction during the Aquino administration in the Philippines?
       A.    E.O 727 C. E.O 645
       B.    E.O 292 D. E.O 104
      
112. Retaliation is the earliest remedy for a wrong act to any one (in the primitive society). The concept follows that the victim’s
       family or tribe against the family or tribe of the offender, hence “blood feuds” was accepted in the early primitive societies.
       Retaliation means:
      A.    Personal Vengeance C. Eye an eye
       B.    Tooth for a tooth D. All of these
      
113. In 1936, the City of Manila exchanges its Muntinlupa property with the Bureau of Prisons originally intended as a site for boys’
       training school. Today, the old Bilibid Prison is now being used as the Manila City Jail, famous as the :
       A.    “ May Halique Estate” C. New Bilibid Jail
       B.    “Tandang Sora State” D. Muntinlupa Jail
      
114. The sheriff of Bedsfordshire in 1773 who devoted his life and fortune to prison reform.After his findings on English Prisons, he
      recommended the following: single cells for sleeping, segregation of women, segregation of youth, provision of sanitation
facilities, and abolition of fee system by which jailers obtained money from prisoners.
       A.    John Howard C. William Penn
       B.    Robert Peel D. Manuel Montesinos
      
115. Mr. Cruz was convicted of the crime of murder. After 10 days from the promulgation of the sentence, he escaped from his
       place of confinement. He maybe
       A.    liable for evasion of service of sentence
       B.    considered as an escaped prisoner
       C.    not liable for evasion of service of sentence   
       D.    All of these                                          

116. Ms. Bantog was convicted for the crime of infanticide. After serving her sentence she committed again the same crime.Ms.
       Ines Bantog maybe considered as a
       A.    recidivist    
       B.    quasi-recidivist
       C.    habitual delinguent       
       D.    mentally retarded person                   

117. Ramon, a basketball player, arrested Berto for some legal ground but he failed to file a complaint against the latter with in the
        prescribed period of filing. What crime did Ramon committed?
       A.    arbitrary detention
       B.    illegal Detention
       C.    illegal arrest
       D.    no crime committed                           

118. The Camp Sampaguita of the national Bilibid Prison houses

       A.    Super Maximum Security Prisoners     
       B.    Maximum Security Prisoners
       C.    Medium Security Prisoners
       D.    Minimum Security Prisoners                 

119. The only early Roman place of confinement which was built under the main sewer of Rome in 64 B.C.   
       A.    Bridewell Workhouse
       B.    Wulnut Street Jail
       C.    Burgundian House
       D.    none of these                                      

120. The punishment should be provided by the state whose sanction is violated, to afford the society or individual the opportunity
of imposing upon the offender suitable punishment as might be enforced. Offenders should be punished because they deserve
it.This is one justification of punishment called:
       A.    Atonement
       B.    Incapacitation
       C.    Deterrence
       D.    Retribution                                          
121. The purpose of commutation of sentence is to:
       A. do away with the miscarriage of justice             
       B. break the rigidity of the law
       C. restore the political and civil rights of the accused    
       D. all of the above                                      

122. One of the following is an admission procedure which involves the frisking of the prisoner.
       A.    Identification
       B.    Searching
       C.    Briefing/Orientation
       D.    minimum security prisoners                 

123. If the warden is taken as the hostage, for all intents and purposes, he ceases to exercise authority and the next in
        command or the __________ officer present shall assume the command.
        A.    Veteran
        B.    Assistant
        C.    Most senior
        D.    Custodian                                           

124. Upon receipt of the probation officer investigation report, the court shall resolve the application for probation not later than-
        A.    60 days
        B.    5 days
        C.    15 days
        D.    45 days                                              

125. Who is the Father of Philippine Probation?

        A.    Jose Lacson
        B.    Juan Ponce Enrile
        C.    Antonio Torres
        D.    None of these                                    

126. What is the country, whose early schemes for humanizing the criminal justice under it’s common law, originated probation.
        A.    England  
        B.    United States      
        C.    Greece
        D.    France                                               

127. Which of the following does not belong to the common law practices to which the emergence of probation is attributed?
       A.    Recognizance                
       B.    Reprieve  
       C.    Benefit of the Clergy       
       D.    Penance                                              

128. Benefit of clergy, judicial reprieve, sanctuary, and abjuration offered offenders a degree of protection from the enactment of
       A.    harsh sentences
       B.    soft sentences
       C.    criminal liabilities
       D.    code of Hammurabi                              

129. In the United States, particularly in Massachusetts, different practices were being developed. "Security for good behavior,"
       also known as good aberrance, was much like modern bail.
       A.    Penalizing
       B.    Good aberrance
       C.    Paying in cash
       D.    Collateral                                            

130. Who among the following was the builder hospice of San Michelle, a reformatory for delinquent boys 
       A.    Montesquieu
       B.    Pope Clement XI
       C.    Samuel Romily
       D.    John Howard