UNIT 4:

By the end of the lesson, I will be able to:

1. express and respond the expression of gratitude

2. identify comparison sentence in a reading text
3. describe a past situation
4. retell a story of my choice

Gratitude is the state of being thankful or feeling grateful. This feeling also helps to make us
happier. The Expression of gratitude is something that is extremely important because it lets
people know that you appreciate them or what they have done for you.

➢ Listening and Speaking

Watch the video from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mb_g9xyRJCY and listen to the

story that is being told.

Now, listen to the recording and do task 1.

❖ TASK 1

Identify these sentences and state whether they are true or false.
Answer
1. The delivery hasn’t arrived yet. True False
2. Andrea is having cash flow issues and needs a payment extension. True False
3. Andrea usually asks for an extension of the payment terms. True False
4. Andrea has a new order to place, even bigger than the last one. True False
5. Junko can extend the payment terms on the last order to 60 days. True False
6. Junko will send Andrea an email confirmation. True False
7. Junko is really thankful for Andrea’s help. True False

Listen to the next audio and repeat each sentence.

Expressing Thanks
Thanks.
Thank you.
I appreciate it.
 Thanks for the tour.
Thanks for your time.
Thank you for the nice gift.
I appreciate your kindness.

To express gratitude, we can use these expression:

Thank you.
Thank you very much.
Thanks a lot.
Thanks a million.
It’s very kind of you. Thank you.
I sincerely appreciate ….
I should like to express my gratitude for …
I’m really obligated to you for …
I’m really grateful to you for …
Please accept my deepest thanks.

To response the expression of gratitude, we can use these expression:

You are welcome.

Don’t mention it.
It’s my pleasure.
No problem.
No big deal.
Not at all.
That’s alright.
That’s ok.
That’s what friends are.
I’m glad that I can help you.

Practice these examples with your pairs.

Dialogue 1

Joe: What can I do for you, Sir?

Mr. Brown: I am looking for some English books.
Joe: Oh, I see, we have some new English books. Wait a minute, I’ll take them for you.
Mr. Brown: Ok, thanks a lot.
Joe: It’s my pleasure sir.
Dialogue 2

A: “Hi! I’ve got something for you.”

B: “Really? What’s that?”
A: “Here you are.”
B: “Oh, it’s very kind of you. Thank you very much.”
A: “It was the least I could do.”
B: “This is the only thing I want right now. I’ve been looking for this novel for months,
but I couldn’t find it here in London. How could you find it?”
A: “Few days ago, I went to Edinburgh and I found it in a big bookstore there.”
B: “Please accept my deepest thanks.”
A: “Don’t mention it.”

Dialogue 3

Brian: “Can you tell me where the nearest post office near here is?”
A girl: “Yes of course, you have to pass the first intersection and then you have to turn
left, you will see hospital, jail and drugstore. After you see the drugstore, look at its
left, the post office is beside of it."
Brian: “Thanks a million.”
A girl: “That’s alright.”

❖ TASK 2
Fill in the blank with correct expression.

Johnson : Hello Syntya. How are you this morning?

Syntya : Hi, Johnson. Fine, thanks. And you?
Johnson : I’m just fine, thank you.
Syntya : Please come in and have a seat.
Johnson : ___________ (1) I’m returning your brother’s sports magazine. Here it is.
Syntya: ___________ (2). Would you like any other magazine or newspaper to read?
Johnson: Yes, please. ___________ (3). Can I see today’s newspaper?
Syntya: Of course. Here it is.
Johnson: ___________ (4). By the way, would you do me a favor?
 Syntya: Why not? What can I do for you?
Johnson: Could you tell your brother how grateful I am for his help to lend me his
magazine?
Syntya: Oh, sure. I’ll tell him. By the way, would you like a cup of tea or coffee?
Johnson: Great. ___________ (5). I want some coffee.
Syntya: Okay, wait a minute.

❖ TASK 3
Exercise: Answer the following questions!

Cindy: Oh, I have a headache. Can you get me Aspirin, please? It's on the table.
Tiny: ___________. Here it is.
Cindy: Thank you.
1. The suitable expression to complete the dialogue is …
A. Of course you are
B. I doubt
C. Never mind
D. Certainly
E. I am grateful

2. You help someone with a heavy bag. They say ''thank you'' and you reply with …
A. No thanks
B. You're welcome
C. I appreciate it
D. I am grateful
E. You blame me

Yozy: Today is your birthday, right?

Dany: Yes, How do you know about it?
Yozy: Have a wonderful day. I have a gift for you.
Dany: Oh my God I really like it _______________.
Yozy: Never mind.
3. The suitable expression to complete the dialogue is …
A. It is disappointing me!
B. It is not special!
C. I’m very satisfied!
D. It’s very kind of you.
E. You shouldn't have!

Jack: Oh no! I forgot to post a letter.

 Rudy: Let me help you, because I'm going to the post office.
Jack: You've been very helpful.
4. The underlined expression expresses …
A. Satisfaction
B. Dissatisfaction
C. Agreement
D. Gratitude
E. Dislike

Nicole: Harry, I gotta go now.

Harry: But the party’s just started, Nicole.
Nicole: I know. But I have to get up very early tomorrow. Thanks a lot for this amazing
party.
Harry: You’re welcome. I may throw another one next week.
Nicole: That would be great. Your parties are famous all around the campus.
5. The underlined phrase means ...
A. The party was great
B. The party was funny
C. The party was poor
D. The party was bored
E. The party was dreadful

➢ Reading & Vocabulary

COMPARISON

Compare is a text structure or pattern of organization where the similarities of two or more
things are explored. It is important to remember that the text only discusses similarities of the
things being discussed.
Sample Paragraph.

Can you point out the comparison of frogs and toads?

Frogs Toads

Amphibians
Similar bodies-short,
Wide heads
Diet
Long, sticky tongue
…
…
…
❖ TASK 1

Read the passage and identify the comparison.

Answer the questions based on the above passage.

1. Does the passage compare two things?
Yes No
2. If it is yes, what two things are being compared?
3. If it is no, how do you know it is not comparing two things?
4. List the comparison of the two things.
❖ TASK 2

Read the text and point out the comparison.

Write the comparison of the two phones on the box below.

Falcon 5 Spiral 4X
 ➢ Writing & Grammar

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

✓ Simple Past Tense is used to express past action that began and ended in the past.
✓ Time signals of Past Tense are last week, two days ago, yesterday, in 1998.
✓ Here are some examples:
1. Last month, I got my first vaccine of Covid-19.
2. My sister arrived from U.K. two days ago.
3. I did not meet my friends yesterday because I was feeling under the weather.
4. When I came to Jane’s house yesterday, she was not at home.
✓ If a sentence contains when and has the simple past in both clauses, the action in the when
clause happens first.
✓ The formula of Simple Past Tense is Subject + Verb 2 + Object/Compliment.
✓ There are two forms of past tense: to be and verb. If it is to be, we use was and were, meanwhile
if it is verb, we use the form of Verb 2/ -ed.

❖ TASK 1

Complete the sentences with correct form of simple past. Number 1 is done as the example.
1. I (get) got up at 8 o’clock yesterday morning.
2. Mary (talk) __________ to John on the phone for hours last night.
3. Jim and I (eat) __________ lunch at the cafeteria two hours ago.
4. My father (come) __________ home at 5: 15 yesterday.
5. My cousin (study) __________ Spanish last year.
6. Yesterday, I (see) __________ Fumiko at the university library.
7. A strange thing (happen) __________ to me yesterday. I couldn’t remember my own
telephone number.
8. I (be, not) __________ feeling well yesterday, so I (join, not) __________ the class.
9. I (have) __________ a dream last night. I (dream) __________ about my unfinished
assignment.
❖ TASK 2

❖ TASK 3

Pay attention to the story. Use number to put the sentence in a correct story order. Finish
the story by writing your own ending, it can be 100-125 words. Share your story to the
class. Number 1 and 2 are done as the examples.

__2__ He looked up at the stars.

_____ He put the postcard down and went to sleep.
_____The bear stood next to his tent.
_____The next morning, John sat up and rubbed his eyes.
__1__One night, John went to camping.
_____They were beautiful.
_____ He wrote a postcard to his girlfriend.
_____The bear had his postcard.
_____ He saw a bear.
REVIEW

What have I leaned in this unit?

UNIT 5:

By the end of the lesson, I will be able to:

1. express and respond the expression of requesting, complying a request, and refusing a
request
2. identify contrasting sentence in a reading text
3. describe an action or situation started in the past and connects to the present
4. retell a story of my choice

Requesting is the expression of asking politely or formally for something. For everyday
requests, we do not need formal and indirect language. A simple question with can or could is
just fine. However, it will be different when you are making a special request or asking for a
huge favor. In this situation, we cannot use the same language that we would use for a routine
request.

➢ Listening & Speaking

Preparation Task.
Listen to the audio recording and write the sentences in the correct group.

Listen again to the audio to do Task 1 and Task 2

❖ TASK 1

State whether the sentences are true or false.

Answer
1. Mario is Susanne’s customer. True False
2. Susanne will go to Germany to visit Mario. True False
3. Sending an email to the customer before True False
the boss goes to Germany is very important.
4. Susanne will book a meeting room for the team meeting. True False
5. Mario will write a short report about the new project. True False
6. Writing a new project report is not too urgent to do this week. True False

❖ TASK 2

Match the beginnings and the endings of the phrases.

To make a request, we can use these expressions:

Will/Would/Can/Could you please…

Do you mind…?
Do you think you could…?
Do you think it would be possible to…?
Would it be possible for you to…?
Would there be any possibility of…
Would you be kind enough to…?
Would you mind…?
Can/could you… for me, please?
Could you possibly…
I’d appreciate it if you could…
Can/Could I ask you to…?
You couldn’t… could you?
To comply/accept a request, we can use these expressions:

Sure, I’d be glad to…

I’d be happy to …
Sure. Just a moment.
No problem.
Of course, …
Certainly.
All right.

To refuse a request, we can use these expressions:

I’m sorry, I can’t.

I’m sorry, but …
I’d loved to, but …
Sorry to say that …
Sorry, I wish I could, but …
It sounds great, but …
I’m afraid I can’t.
No, certainly not.
No, I’d be happy to …

Five Polite Expressions for Making Requests and Asking for Favours

Here some expressions that can be used:

1. I was wondering if ….
We can use I was wondering if… for big requests that we’ve had some time to think about.
For example: “My car broke down this morning and I had to take a taxi. I was
wondering if you could give me a ride home after work. I think my house is on your
way.”
Notice that we use could and not can in these requests.

2. I was hoping …
Since I was hoping… is not a question, we sometimes follow the expression with a question
such as Would that be okay? or Would that be a problem?
For example: “I know you’re really busy right now with your classes, but I was hoping
you could help me do my research paper this weekend. Are you available?”
Notice that we use could and not can in these requests.

3. Do you think you/ I/ we/ could?

For example: “It’s really difficult for me to get here at 7:30 a.m. Do you think we could
change the meeting time to 8 a.m.?”
4. Would it possible to …?
For example: “Would it be possible to change my appointment to next Friday instead of
this Friday? I just found out I have to travel for work on Friday.”

5. Would it be a problem if …?
For example: “Would it be a problem if I left a few minutes early today? My daughter has
her dance recital tonight and I have to help her get ready.”

You can visit the following link to learn more about making a polite request:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VA9w14sFZww

Listen to the audio and repeat the sentences.

(https://basicenglishspeaking.com/making-requests-english/)

Can you give me the book?

Could you please take off your raincoat?
Could you please take me to the dentist?
Would you mind opening the window for me, please?
Would you be kind enough to repair my computer?
Do you think you could take me to the supermarket?
Could I ask you to take me home?
Can you tell me what happened?
Would you come to my birthday party?
Would it be possible for you to come here at 8 A.M?

Practice these examples with your pairs.

Dialogue 1

Jack: Hi, Jesica. How are you?

Jessica: I'm good. What about you?
Jack: I'm very well, thanks. I need your help.
Jessica: What is it?
Jack: I forget to bring my mobile phone. I'm going to borrow yours to call my
mom. Would you mind lending it?
Jessica: Oh, no problem. Here it is.
Jack: Okey, thanks. Wait a minute, I will call my mom.
Jessica: Okay, I'm waiting here.
Jack: Jessica, I need your help one more, do you have some money?
Jessica: Yes, I have some.
Jack: I left my wallet at home. Could you lend me Rp 50.000,00? I need to buy something.
Jessica: Sure! here you are.
Dialogue 2

Iqbal: Hallo, Jane. What are you doing?

Jane: I'm watching you tube. Look! they are very funny.
Iqbal: I know this channel. It is FouseyTUBE channel, He has nine million subscribers to his
YouTube channel, and more than 1 billion people have watched his channel.
Jane: You know him so well.
Iqbal: Yeah! I have watched all of his videos, his most popular video Mortal Kombat Elevator
Prank. It's really funny prank.
Jane: Do you have you tube channel?
Iqbal: Yes, I have iTapuih channel, it’s about learning English.
Jane: Really! Can you create one for me?
Iqbal: Yes of course, but wait the minutes. Can I get some coffee, please?
Jane: Okay, I will make special one for you.
Iqbal: Nice! Thank you.
Jane: You are welcome.

❖ TASK 3

Exercise: Answer the following questions!

Complete the dialogue below (for questions number 1 and 2)

Mona: I’m sorry, Do you mind if I leave early today? I’m going to take my cat to see
the vet.
Liza: You’re going to take your cat to the vet? What’s the matter with your cat?
Mona: Hmmmm. I don’t know. That’s why I’m going to take him to the vet’s.
Liza: Oh, I see. Sure, go ahead.
1. What happens with Mona?
A. She should go back early to check her cat
B. She wants go home late
C. She leaves early, because Her cat died
D. She needs to see a doctor
E. She has a lot of cats

2. The underlined expression expresses ....

A. Expressing satisfaction
B. Expressing dissatisfaction
C. Expressing like
D. Expressing dislike
 E. Expressing request

Rendy: Hello, _________________ the music down, please? It’s one o’clock and I’m trying to
sleep.
Alex: Oh, sorry. Is that better?
Rendy: Yes, thanks. Perhaps I can get some sleep now. Good night.
3. The suitable expression to complete the dialogue is …
A. Can you throw
B. Can you destroy
C. Can you turn
D. Don't make
E. I really hate

Ronald: David, do you have your mobile phone with you?

David: Um... yes. Why?
Ronald: Can I borrow it, please? I need to make a quick call to my mother.
David: I'm sorry, but I am running out of mobile credit.
4. From the dialogue we know that ...
A. David borrows Ronald's phone to call his mom
B. David wants to call his mother with his phone
C. Ronald and David don't have mobile phone
D. Ronald needs to borrow David's phone, but he can't give it
E. Ronald doesn't have phone's credit

5. You would like someone to take a photo of you in front of a famous monument. Making a
polite request for this situation.
A. Hey! take some photos of me.
B. Can you take a picture for me?
C. Can I take your picture, please?
D. Could you take some pictures of me?
E. Would I take some pictures of you?

➢ Reading & Vocabulary

CONTRAST

Contrast is a text structure or pattern of organization where the differences of two or more
things are explored. It is important to remember that contrasting text is only discussing that the
things are different.
Sample Paragraph.

CONTRASTING

Signal Words of contrasting:

While/ whereas
Unlike
In contrast
But
Different

Can you point out the contrasting between a ger and an adobe house?
A Ger An Adobe House

Temporary Permanent
Easy to take down and put
For a long time stay
up
Made of wooden and Made of brick
canvas Suitable for hot weather
Suitable for cold and warm
weather
❖ TASK 1

Read the passage and answer the questions based on the passage.

1. Does the passage contrast two things?

Yes No
2. If it is yes, what two things are being contrasted?
3. If it is no, how do you know it is not contrasting two things?
4. List the contrasting points of the two things.
❖ TASK 2

Read the article and identify the contrasting points between the two cities.

ANKARA AND ISTANBUL

“Istanbul is like a day, while Ankara is like a night.” This saying illustrates many Turkish
people's feelings when it comes to these two cities. While they are Turkey's two biggest and
most important cities, in many respects Ankara and Istanbul could not be more different. Ankara
and Istanbul differ from each other regarding their role, history, and style.
Ankara and Istanbul have very different roles. Ankara is the capital city of Turkey. It is home
to the Meclis (the country's parliament), government house, the high court and most ministries.
As a result, it is also the place where most of the country's politicians, parliamentarians and
civil servants live. Istanbul, on the other hand, is Turkey's cultural and economic center. Most
significant museums, theatres and cultural centers are located here, as are the Turkish
headquarters of a lot of national and international companies. Also, most of the country's biggest
cultural events, such as conferences, concerts and exhibitions are held here.
The two cities also have very different histories. Before Ataturk designated it as the capital
of the newly founded Turkish republic in 1923, Ankara was a small, dusty central Anatolian
town of little significance. It has since grown enormously, and today has a population of about
5 million people. Istanbul's history goes back much further. It was founded in 330 by Emperor
Constantine as the capital of the Byzantine Empire, and remained in this position for over a
thousand years. After it was conquered by Sultan Mehmet in 1453, it became the capital of the
Ottoman Empire, and remained so until the founding of the Turkish Republic. Thus, it is a
historically very important place, and traces of its illustrious past can be found throughout the
city.
The final difference between Ankara and Istanbul is a direct result of their respective roles
and histories. The two cities have very different styles. Ankara is green, leafy, quiet and very
orderly. It can be a very pleasant place to live, but will not hold a casual visitor's attention for
very long. In contrast, Istanbul is brash, noisy, chaotic, constantly moving and changing. It is
also an intriguing mix of old and new, with ancient churches nestled next to modern skyscrapers
and the archeological remains of ships from the Byzantine era discovered during digs for the
city's metro system.
To sum up, Ankara and Istanbul are very different cities, in terms of their function, history,
and style. However, it is in these two cities that the country's future is and will continue to be
shaped for a long time to come.
Write the contrasting points of the article above.

ANKARA

ISTANBUL

➢ Writing & Grammar

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

✓ Present Perfect Tense is used to

a. express the idea that something happened (or never happened) before now, at an unspecified
time in the past;
b. express the repetition of an activity before now;
c. express the situation that began in the past and continues to the present.
✓ There is no any time signal because the exact time is not important.
✓ The adverbs that frequently used in perfect tense are ever, never, already, yet, still, and just.
✓ Here are some examples:
1. Alex feels bad. He has just heard some bad news.
2. We have had four tests so far this semester.
 3. I have been here since 7 o’clock.
✓ The formula of Present Perfect Tense is Subject + Has/Have + Verb + Object/Compliment.
✓ The Verb must be in the form of Verb 3.

❖ TASK 1

Complete the sentences with correct form of simple perfect tense.

1. I (attend, not) __________ any parties since I came here.
2. Bill (be) __________ here since the 22nd.
3. Try not to be absent from class again for the rest of the term. You (miss, already)
__________ too many classes.
4. So far this week, I (have) __________ two tests and a quiz.
5. Mark is an artist. He (draw) __________ many beautiful pictures in his lifetime.
6. Fatima (see, never) __________ snow in her entire lifetime.
7. A: Is Ahmed here yet?
B: Yes. He (arrive, just) __________.
8. What (you, learn) __________ since you came here? And how many new friends (you,
make) __________?
9. Since classes began, I (have, not) __________ much free time. I (have) __________
several big tests to study for.
10. In the last 50 years, medical scientists (make) __________ many important discoveries.
❖ TASK 2

❖ TASK 3

Choose one of the topics provided. Write a story with 100-150 words about it.
1. What significant changes have taken place in your life since you were 13 years old.
2. What are some interesting experiences you have had in your lifetime?
3. What are some things you have not yet done in your lifetime, but would like to do?
4. What are some of the places you have visited in the world, or in your country, or in your town?
REVIEW

I this unit, I have learned about . . . . .

UNIT 6:

By the end of the lesson I will be able to:

1. express and respond the expression of offering, accepting an offer, and rejecting an offer.
2. identify cause and effect in a reading text
3. write past sentences and perfect sentences
4. retell a story of my choice

Offering means to give help to someone. It can be taken or refused. Offer can be in terms of
food, money, solutions, friendship, or a bargain.

➢ Listening & Speaking

Listen to the audio to do Task 1 and Task 2

❖ TASK 1

❖ TASK 2

Fill in the blank with suitable answer that you hear from the audio.
To offer something, we can use these expressions:

Formal expression: Informal expression:

May I offer you some…? How about some?

Can I get you some…? What about some?
Would you like some..? What do you say about some?
Would you like …? Are you up for some?
Would you be interested in …? Do you want …?
Would you like me to get you some...? How about …?

To accept an offer, we can use these expressions:

Formal expression: Informal expression:

That would be very kind of you. Sounds good/ nice/ great!

Thank you, that would be great. Sure, thank you.
That would be very nice. That’s a good idea.
I’d like it very much. Yes, please.
Yes, if you don’t mind. Thank you.
Yes, I’d love some. Yes, let’s do it/ let’s go for it.
That’s a good idea.
Yes, please.
Thank you.

To reject an offer, we can use these expressions:

Formal expression: Informal expression:

That’s very kind. Unfortunately, I … (reason). I’m okay/ fine, thank you.
I’d like to, but … (reason). I’m sorry, but I can’t.
I’m sorry. I won’t be able to attend. Not for me, thanks.
Thank you, but you don’t need to worry. No, but thank you for asking.
No, thank you No, I really won’t, thank you.
Thanks, but ____ (reason)
 No, thanks.
That’s alright.

Practice these examples with your pairs.

Dialogue 1

Jane: Hey guys. I’m having a party on Saturday at my place. Do you want to come?
Michael: Thanks for the invitation, Jane, but I’m busy on Saturday.
Jim: Sounds cool, I’ll be there!
Jane: How about you, Pam, are you free?
Pam: Sure, I can make it!
Jane: Great! I have to go because I’m late for class, see you there!

Dialogue 2

Mindy: Would you like another slice of cake?

Jerry: Oh, no. I’m fine, thanks.
Mindy: Come on, go ahead, there’s a lot left.
Jerry: I know, but I’ve already had too much.
Mindy: Well, maybe some more soda, then?
Jerry: Okay then, I’d like some.

Dialogue 3

A: May I help you, sir?

B: Yes, thank you. I would like a cup of tea.
A: Do you want sugar in your tea?
B: Yes, of course. I like sweet tea.
A: Wait a minute, please. And what would you like to eat?
B: I’d like fried chicken, tomato soup, and sandwich.
A: Okay. Fried chicken, tomato soup, and sandwich. Anything else?
B: No, thank you.
❖ TASK 3

Arrange the sentences below into a good dialogue.

A : Do you want more sugar in your orange juice?

A : Would you like me to help you, Sir?
A : Okay. Meatball, a plate of rice and sandwich. Anything else?
A : Wait a minute, please. And what would you like to eat?
B : Yes, thank you. I would like a glass of orange juice.
B : No, thank you.
B : Yes, of course. I like sweet orange juice.
B : I’d like, meatball, a plate of rice and sandwich.

➢ Reading & Vocabulary

CAUSE AND EFFECT

Cause and effect are common ways to organize information in a text. Paragraph structured as cause
and effect explain reasons why something happened or the effects of something. The paragraphs
can be ordered as causes and effects or as effects and then causes.
Sample Paragraph.

Below are the cause-and-effect relationships on parts of pitcher plant.

❖ TASK 1

Read the text and identify the cause and effect.

Shrinking Habitat of African Elephants

Find five cause and effect relationships from the text and write them on the box below.
❖ TASK 2

Read the following passage and point out its cause and effect.

Write the relationship of cause and effect of the above passage.

Effect (what happened?)

Cause (why?)

Effect (what happened?)

Cause (why?) Effect (what happened?)

Cause (why?) Effect (what happened?)

Cause (why?) Effect (what happened?)

➢ Writing & Grammar

PAST OR PERFECT

SIMPLE PAST TENSE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

✓ It is usually used to show an activity or ✓ It is usually used to express the idea that
situation which began and ended at a something happened (or never
particular time in the past. happened) before now, at an
unspecified time in the past.
✓ The exact time it happened is not
important.

For example: For example:

1. I walked to school yesterday.
2. She bought a new car three days ago. 1. They have moved into a new apartment.
3. You missed two classes las week. 2. I have already seen that movie.
4. Rita went to Rome last two months. 3. Mr. Brown has flown on air plane many
times.

✓ It also used with for or since to express

a situation that began in the past and
continues to the present.

For example:

1. I have had the same pair of shoes for

three years.
2. My brother has liked cowboy movies
since he was a child.

❖ TASK 1

Direction: Use the simple past or the present perfect appropriately.

1. Last night my friend and I (have) __________ some free time, so we (go) __________ to
a show.
2. I admit that I (get) __________ older since I last (see) __________ you, but with any
luck at all, I (get, also) __________ wiser.
3. Jack really needs to get in touch with you. Since this morning, he (call) __________ here
four times trying to reach you. He (call) __________ at 9:10, 10:25, 12:15, 1nd 1:45.
4. The night has ended, and it is daylight now. The sun (rise) __________. It (rise)
__________ at 6:08.
 5. Libraries today are different from those in the 1800s. For example, the contents of
libraries (change) __________ greatly through the years. In the 1800s, libraries (be)
__________ simply collections of books. However, today most libraries (become)
__________ multimedia centers that contain tapes, computers, disks, films, magazines,
music, nd paintings. The role of the library in society (change, also) __________. In the
1800s. libraries (be) __________ open only to certain people, such as scholars or the
wealthy. Today libraries serve everyone.
6. A: Are you taking Chemistry 101 this semester?
B: No, I (take, already) __________ it. I (take) __________ last semester. This semester
im in 102.

❖ TASK 2
❖ TASK 3

Fill in the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use past tense or present perfect tense.
Dear, Janet.
I want to share some stories that have happened to me recently. How are you? I hope you’re ok.
Unfortunately, I’m not. The doctor _____________________ (come) yesterday. He
_______________________ (not like) my cough. I have been lying in bed since Tuesday, and I
can’t stand it anymore. I _______________________ (never be) ill like this before - don’t know
what’s the matter with me.
And the weather’s terrible, too. It has been raining the whole week and I can’t even have a cup of
tea in the morning to cheer myself up, because the milkman _____________________ (not come)
this morning. Don’t know why - I’m pretty sure I _____________________ (pay) his bill.
Alice _____________________ (get) married last week, so now all Mary’s kids
_____________________ (leave) home. She won’t know what to do with herself, will she?
Lucy Millmann is moving to Doncaster next month. Since Fred _____________________ (die) of
a heart attack she _____________________ (be) all alone. I’m sorry she’s going. We
_____________________ (be) neighbors for over twenty years and she
________________________ (always, be) friendly and helpful to me.
Jessica, my cleaning lady, _____________________ (leave) a few days ago. I’m glad. I
_____________________ (not trust) her since she _____________________ (break) all those
plates and _____________________ (say) it _____________________ (be) the cat.
The village, I’m living now, _____________________ (not change) very much. A new family
_____________________ (take) over the grocery store recently. They seem quite nice. I hope they
are more efficient than the last shopkeeper.
I think that’s about it. Please reply and write the letter to me when there’s something new.

Love, Patricia.

❖ TASK 4

Write a story about what was happened in the past time but it is still related to the present time. It
can be a story about your own self, your hobby, your favorite things, or the story of famous person.
You can write it in 150-175 words.
REVIEW

WHAT HAVE I LEARNED IN THIS UNIT?