Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Lecture 1

Dr. Hassan El Shimi

Assistant Professor, Chemical Engineering Department, Cairo University, Egypt
Mobile/Whats App.: +2 01024497780 e-mail: hassan.ibrahim@eng1.cu.edu.eg

Cairo-Egypt in October 2020

 Lecture 1
‫المحاضرة األولى‬
Introduction
 Lecture 1: Introduction
Contents
• Instructions
• Proposed Grading
– 20 Project (10 for report + 10 for presentation)
– 10 Quizzes
– 10 Participation
• What’s EIA (simple definition)?
• Environment (plus social depth)
• Basics of Environment Protection
• Growth vs. Development
• Philosophy of EIA (brief)
Instructions

Brain storming
 What is Impact Assessment?
• Impact assessments are carried out to assess the
consequences of individual projects -- Environmental
Impact Assessment -- or of policies and programmes --
Strategic Environmental Assessment.
• Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process of
evaluating the likely environmental impacts of a
proposed project or development, taking into account
inter-related socio-economic, cultural and human-
health impacts, both beneficial and adverse.
 ‫‪Environmental Impact Assessment‬‬
‫تقييم األثر البيئي‬
‫• الغرض من تقييم األثار البيئية هو ضمان حماية البيئة والموارد‬
‫الطبيعية والحفاظ عليها ‪ -‬بما فى ذلك الجوانب المرتبطة بصحة البشر‬
‫‪ -‬من آثار التنمية التى تفتقد السيطرة عليها والهدف بعيد المدى لهذا‬
‫التقييم هو ضمان تنمية إقتصادية متواصلة ُتلبى حاجات الوقت‬
‫الحاضر دون اإلنتقاص من قدرة األجيال القادمة على تلبية حاجاتها‬
‫الخاصة ‪.‬‬
‫• ُيعد تقييم األثار البيئية أداة هامة ألسلوب اإلدارة البيئية المتكاملة يتعين‬
‫إجراؤه للمنشآت والمشروعات الجديدة أو التوسعات والتجديدات الخاصة‬
‫بالمنشآت القائمة طبقا ألحكام قانون البيئة‪.‬‬
Environmental Impact Assessment
• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a tool used
to identify the environmental, social and economic
impacts of a project prior to decision-making. It aims to
predict environmental impacts at an early stage in
project planning and design, find ways and means to
reduce adverse impacts, shape projects to suit the local
environment and present the predictions and options
to decision-makers.
• By using EIA both environmental and economic
benefits can be achieved, such as reduced cost and
time of project implementation and design, avoided
treatment/clean-up costs and impacts of laws and
regulations.
• Although legislation and practice vary around the world, the
fundamental components of an EIA would necessarily involve
the following stages:-
a. Screening to determine which projects or developments
require a full or partial impact assessment study;
b. Scoping to identify which potential impacts are relevant
to assess (based on legislative requirements,
international conventions, expert knowledge and public
involvement), to identify alternative solutions that avoid,
mitigate or compensate adverse impacts on biodiversity
(including the option of not proceeding with the
development, finding alternative designs or sites which
avoid the impacts, incorporating safeguards in the design
of the project, or providing compensation for adverse
impacts), and finally to derive terms of reference for the
impact assessment;
c. Assessment and evaluation of impacts and development of
alternatives, to predict and identify the likely environmental
impacts of a proposed project or development, including the
detailed elaboration of alternatives;
d. Reporting the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) or EIA
report, including an environmental management plan (EMP), and
a non-technical summary for the general audience.
e. Review of the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), based on
the terms of reference (scoping) and public (including authority)
participation.
f. Decision-making on whether to approve the project or not, and
under what conditions; and
g. Monitoring, compliance, enforcement and environmental
auditing. Monitor whether the predicted impacts and proposed
mitigation measures occur as defined in the EMP. Verify the
compliance of proponent with the EMP, to ensure that
unpredicted impacts or failed mitigation measures are identified
and addressed in a timely fashion.
 The objective of EIA
I. to identify, predict and
evaluate the economic,
environmental and social
impact of development
activities.
II. to provide information on the
environmental consequences
for decision making.
III. to promote environmentally
sound and sustainable
development through the
identification of appropriate
alternatives and mitigation
measures.
 What is the purpose of environmental assessment?

• An environmental assessment is a planning

and decision-making tool. The objectives of an
environmental assessment are to: minimize
or avoid adverse environmental effects before
they occur; and. incorporate environmental
factors into decision making.
What are the 5 major environmental problems?

• The Top 5 Environmental Concerns for 2019?

• Biodiversity: is the most complex and vital
feature of our planet.
• Water pollution: is a huge concern for us and our
environment.
• Deforestation. We need plants and trees to
survive.
• Pollution.
• Climate Change.
 ‫عملية تقييم األثر البيئي‬
‫‪Enviro. Impact Assessment Process‬‬
‫‪• In EIA system, there are sequence of activities‬‬
‫‪implemented in a project in logical manner‬‬
‫‪termed as EIA process.‬‬
‫• تتم عملية تقييم األثر البيئى عادة على مرحلتين‪ ،‬المرحلة األولى تتناول تقييم‬
‫األثار التى يجب أن تؤخذ فى اإلعتبار أثناء مرحلة تصميم المشروع (أثناء‬
‫اإلنشاء) و تتناول تجميع للبيانات و المعلومات الالزمة للتصميم من خالل‬
‫دراسات بيئية سابقة و مشاورات مجتمعية مع تحديد األثار البيئية و إقتراح أساليب‬
‫التخفيف التى تحد من هذه األثار المتوقعة‪.‬‬
‫• أما المرحلة الثانية فيتم فيها تحليل هذه األثار البيئية و اإلجتماعية المتوقعة و‬
‫تدعيمها بالبيانات اإلضافية لعرضها على الجمهور و مشاورته فى جلسة إستماع‬
‫علنية‪ .‬وتكون هذه المرحلة ُمكملة للمرحلة السابقة وتساعد على تعديل أساليب‬
‫التخفيف و إقتراح ألساليب الرصد البيئى‪.‬‬
 Participants in EIA Process
1. Proponent:
Government or Private Agency which initiates the project.
2. Decision maker:
Designated individual or group.
3. Assessor:
Agency responsible for the preparation of EIA.
4. Reviewer:
Individual/Agency/Board.
5. Expert advisers, Media and Public, Environmental
organizations……, etc.
 Types of environmental impacts
• The impacts that these have on the environment
have become clear and include:
• Climate change including Global warming.
• Acid rain, photochemical smog and other forms
of pollution.
• Ocean acidification.
• Displacement/extinction of wildlife.
• Resource depletion - forests, water, food.
• and more.
 ‫‪Components of Full ESIA‬‬
‫مكونات دراسة‪ /‬تقرير تقييم األثر البيئي‬
‫يتم إعداد تقرير تقييم األثر البيئى واإلجتماعى طبقا لدليل أسس تقييم األثر البيئي ‪ 2009‬ليشمل البنود‬
‫التالية ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬الملخص التنفيذي‬
‫‪ .2‬اإلطار القانونى و المنهاجية‬
‫‪ .a‬التشريعات الحاكمة للمشروع‬
‫‪ .b‬المنهاجية و الطرق المستخدمة‬
‫‪ .3‬وصف المشروع‬
‫‪ .a‬معلومات أساسية عن المنشأة‬
‫‪ .b‬أهداف المشروع‬
‫‪ .c‬موقع المشروع‬
‫‪ .d‬وصف األنشطة بالمنشأة‬
‫‪ .e‬إستهالكات الطاقة والوقود والمياه‬
‫‪ .f‬المخلفات المتولدة‬
‫‪ .g‬البرنامج الزمني لتنفيذ المشروع‬
 ‫‪Components of Full ESIA‬‬
‫مكونات دراسة‪ /‬تقرير تقييم األثر البيئي‬
‫‪ .4‬وصف للوضع الراهن و البيئة المحيطة‬
‫‪ .5‬بدائل المشروع‬
‫‪ .a‬بدائل الموقع‬
‫‪ .b‬بدائل الطاقة‬
‫‪ .c‬بدائل التكنولوجيا‬
‫‪ .d‬بديل عدم إتخاذ أي قرار ” بديل عدم تنفيذ المشروع ”‬
‫‪ .6‬تقييم األثار البيئية و تحليل األثار المتوقعة وإجراءات التخفيف من تلك األثار‬
‫‪ .a‬أثناء مرحلة اإلنشاء‬
‫‪ .b‬أثناء مرحلة التسغيل‬
‫‪ .7‬خطة لإلدارة البيئية لتطبيق أساليب التخفيف المتوقعة ‪ ،‬وتشمل ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .a‬ملخص األثار البيئية السلبية وإجراءات التخفيف منها‬
‫‪ .b‬إعداد خطة الرصد البيئي الذاتي‬
‫‪ .c‬إعداد خطة الطوارىء‬
‫‪ .8‬جلسة التشاور المجتمعي‬
‫‪ .9‬الخالصة و التوصيات‬
 Environment (plus social depth)
• Environmental and Social
Assessment (ESA) is the
assessment of the
environmental and Social
Consequences (positive and
negative) of a plan, policy,
program, or actual projects
prior to the decision to move
forward with the proposed
action.
 Examples of social impacts
• In addition, social impact includes wages,
breaks, adherence to employment laws,
safety, training, and numerous other specific
labor practices. Finally, social impact includes
the impact on the local public and social
services sector as a result of the business's
activities.
 The relationship between environmental impact
assessment and social impact assessment

• Based on Environmental Assessment, the

regulatory measures can be identified and the
roles of concerned agencies defined for
achieving more efficient environmental
management. Social Impact Assessment (SIA)
is carried out to ascertain the impacts, which
would occur due to implementation of the
project.
 How do we measure social impact?
• Social Impact Measurement is a process of
understanding how much social change
occurred and can be attributed to an
organization's activities. The integrity of the
process is usually bolstered by an impact
statement and a clear impact-driven,
stakeholder-focused strategy.
 ‫)‪Environment (plus social depth‬‬
‫)‪• Environmental Social Impact Assessment (ESIA‬‬
‫دراسات تقييم األثر البيئي واإلجتماعي‬
‫• نركز على الجزء اإلجتماعي في هذا النواع من الدراسات البيئية ‪.‬‬
‫• تشمل جلسات اإلستماع والمشاورة الجماهيرية واإلستبيانات ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪Assignment‬‬

‫عمل إستبيان وإعداد أسئلة ألخذ رأي الجمهور‬

‫حول إنشاء مدفن للمخلفات الصلبة والسائلة‬
‫الخطرة وغير الخطرة‬
 Environmental protection
• Environmental protection is the practice of
protecting the natural environment by
individuals, organizations and governments.
Its objectives are to conserve natural
resources and the existing natural
environment and, where possible, to repair
damage and reverse trends.
What are the steps to protect our environment?
• Ten Simple Things You Can Do to Help Protect the Earth
• Reduce, reuse, and recycle.
• Volunteer. Volunteer for cleanups in your community. You can get involved in protecting your
watershed, too.
• Educate. When you further your own education, you can help others understand the
importance and value of our natural resources.
• Conserve water. The less water you use, the less runoff and wastewater that eventually end
up in the ocean.
• Choose sustainable.
• Shop wisely. Buy less plastic and bring a reusable shopping bag.
• Use long-lasting light bulbs. Energy efficient light bulbs reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Also flip the light switch off when you leave the room!
• Plant a tree. Trees provide food and oxygen. They help save energy, clean the air, and help
combat climate change.
• Don't send chemicals into our waterways. Choose non-toxic chemicals in the home and
office.
• Bike more. Drive less.
 Why is environmental protection important?

• Environmental protection is one of the basic

prerequisites for the overall development of
any country in the world. ... As awareness of
environmental protection is developed,
human awareness is also developed about the
need to preserve the environment by
preventing adverse impacts on nature.
 Why should we take care of our environment?

• A Clean Environment Is Essential for Healthy

Living: The more you don't care about our
environment, the more it will become
polluted with contaminants and toxins that
have a harmful impact on our health. Air
pollution can cause respiratory diseases and
cancer, among other problems and diseases.
 Growth vs. Development in EIA
• The environmental growth recognizes the link
between health, the economy and the
environment. It involves investing in Nature,
so that it is more connected, functions better
and provides more.
 Why is EIA important for any development project?

• It is a formal study process used to predict the

environmental consequences of any
development project. EIA thus ensures that
the potential problems are foreseen and
addressed at an early stage in project planning
and design. ... As such environmental
assessment provides a rational approach to
sustainable development.
How does EIA contribute to sustainable development?

• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has

evolved and become part of major project
requirements in many countries. However, its
contribution to sustainable development and
reduction in poverty levels of people affected
by projects has not been assessed in
developing countries.
 Exercise
• Growth is defined as ……………………………….
• While Development is defined as …………………
• Search for the Sustainable development 2030
and summarize its elements/contents in a
Table or block diagram formate
‫ ولخص عناصر‬2030 ‫إبحث عن خطة التنمية المستدامة‬
‫الخطة في جدول أو مخطط إنسيابي‬
 Philosophy of EIA
• To be properly informed before a decision for
project development is taken.
• Impact assessment is designed as a preventive
measure .
• It should give environmental considerations equal
weight with technical and location aspects,
including “zero” alternative.
• Environmental considerations should be
introduced early on in the design process.
• Broad and public participation should ensure
wide acceptance of projects implemented.
 ‫‪Brainstorming‬‬
‫في ضوء محاضرة اليوم‪ ،‬هل توجد طريقة موحدة إلعداد‬
‫دراسة تقييم األثر البيئي للمشروعات الصناعية‬
‫والتعدينية والخدمية ‪ ...‬إلخ؟‬