MINAGRI RAB

MINAGRI RAB

KUGABURIRA INKA
KUGABURIRA ZIKAMWA
INKA ZIKAMWA

MINAGRI RAB

KUGABURIRA INKA ZIKAMWA

Werurwe 2014

Werurwe 2014
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 Ugushimira
Turashimira abagize uruhare mu iyandika ry’aka gatabo
bose:

• Abakozi b’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe guteza imbere

ubuhinzi n’ubworozi “RAB”;

• Umushinga SPAT II wa BTC;

• Abakozi b’ikigo gishinzwe gukusanya no gusakaza

amakuru ku buhinzi n’ubworozi “CICA”.

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 0. INTANGIRIRO

Inka ni itungo riri mubwoko bw’amatungo maremare yuza ibyo bigatuma

ifunguro ryayo rigizwe cyane cyane n’ubwatsi. Ubwatsi rero bukomoka
ahantu henshi hatandukanye ariko ahingenzi ni mu nzuri kamere, inzuri
z’interano, imirwanyasuli, imirima y’ubwatsi bw’amatungo, ibiti byo mu
buhinzi kandi bikoreshwa no mukugaburira amatungo, ibisigazwa
by’imyaka yasaruwe

Ubwatsi ndetse n’ibiryo bitunga inka, bikaziha n’ubushobozi bwo gutanga

umusaruro bitewe n’intunga mubiri zikubiyemo arizo: ibitera imbaraga,
ibyubaka umubiri, amavitamini n’imyunyu ngungu n’ amazi.

Ibi byo kurya by’inka bigiye bifite umumaro utandukanye kuburyo iyo
hagize ikiburamo ingaruka ziba mbi kw’itungo bigatera igihombo
hakurikijwe ubwinshi bw’ibura ugereranije n’ubwinshi bw’iyo ntunga mubiri
buba bukenewe.

Akagatabo kagaragaramo ibi bikurikira:

 Ibyo inka zikamwa zikeneye;

 Amoko y’ubwatsi bw’amatungo;
 Gutera ubwatsi bw’amatungo;
 Gukorera ubwatsi buri mu murima ;
 Gusarura no kugabura ubwatsi;
 Kumisha ubwatsi;
 Guhunika ubwatsi;
 Ibiryo mvaruganda;

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 I. KUGABURIRA INKA ZIKAMWA

1.1 Inka zikamwa zikeneye iki?

Inka zikamwa zikenera ifunguro ryuzuye ririmo:

• Ibitera imbaraga: bituma inka ikomeza kumera neza, bituruka ku

bihingwa nk’ibigori, ibyatsi nk’urubingo n’umucaca, ibisigazwa
by’inganda nka sondori na melase,
• Ibyubaka umubiri: Bituma inka ikura neza. Biboneka mu
binyamisogwe nka soya;
• Amavitamini n`imyunyu: bituma inka zigira ubuzima bwiza;
• Amazi:kuko afite uruhare mukongera umukamo.

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Amazi
Amazi

Umworozi
Umworozi yuhira
yuhira Inka amazi
Inka amazi

AmaziAmazi
ni ingenzi kuko
ni ingenzi agize60-70
kuko agize 60-70 by’umubiri
by’umubiri w’inka
w’inka kandi kandi
akaba agize akaba
3/4 agize
by’amata. Amazi
by’amata. Amaziagira uruhari
agira uruhari runini
runini mu mubiri
mu mubiri w’amatungo
w’amatungo kuko afasha kuko
: afash

• Mwigogorwa
• Mwigogorwary’ibiryo,
ry’ibiryo,
• Mu kuringaniza
• Mu ubushyuhe
kuringaniza ubushyuhe mu mubiri,
mu mubiri,
• Mu gutwara
• Mu gutwaraintungamubiri
intungamubiri aho aho zikenewe,
zikenewe, n’ibindi…
n’ibindi…

Inka
Inka zikamwa zikamwa
zikenera zik
amazi amazi
bitewe bitewe
n’ibyo n
zariye, n’imihindagu
zariye, n’imihindagurikire
y’ikirere
y’ikirere niyo mpamvuniyoari mpamv
ngombwangombwa
inka zigomba inka zig
kubona kubona
amazi buri amazi
gihe buri
ziyashakiye;
ziyashakiye;

Ikibumbiro
Ikibumbiro k’inka cya
k’inka cya Kijyambere
Kijyambere

• Amazi meza
• Amazi mezaakwiye guhora
akwiye guhora mu kibumbiro
mu kibumbiro inka ikayanywera
inka ikayanywera igihe igih
ishakiye.
ishakiye.
• Aya mazi
• Aya maziagomba kuba
agomba kuba afite
afite isuku,
isuku, mbese mbese
ari amaziari amazi meza.
meza.

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 indwara bikongera n’umukamo. Bikenewe ku kigero cya 1/3
Ubwatsi

cy’ifunguro ryose.
Ubwatsi bw’amatungo burimo amoko abiri:
 Ubwatsi buterwa butanga

• Ibinyampeke

Harimo Mucuna, Desimodiyumu, Lesena, Kariyandara

• ibinyamisogwe

 Ubwoko bwa kabiri

• bugizwe n’ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa.

na Alfalfa.
 Ubwatsi buterwa
Ibinyampeke: Ibinyampeke bitanga ingufu. Bikenerwa ku kigero cya 2/3
by’ibigize ifunguro ryose.
Bigizwe n’Urubingo, Tiribusakumu, Ivubwe, Umucaca,
urutegama, karorisi, Panikumu n’ibindi..

Ivubwe

Umurima uhinzemo
alfalfa
Umurima uhinzemo ivubwe

Ibinyamisogwe: Bitanga intungamubiri zituma itungo rikura vuba, birinda

indwara bikongera n’umukamo. Bikenewe ku kigero cya 1/3
cy’ifunguro ryose.
Harimo Mucuna, Desimodiyumu, Lesena, Kariyandara
na Alfalfa.

Umurima uhinzemo
Umurima uhinzemo
alfalfa

Mucuna
Umurima uhinzemo
Mucuna
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Ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa: Habonekamo ibigorigori, ibicericeri, Ibishogoshogo
by`ibishyimbo, ibya soya, iby`ubunyobwa,
ibitwe by`ibihwagari, n`ibindi.

Ibicericeri bimaze guhambirwa kugirango bibikwe neza

I.2 Umworozi yakwita kuki mu guhinga ubwatsi?

Mu guhitamo ubwatsi umworozi akwiye kwita kuri ibi bikurikira:

 Uburyohe bwabwo : Ubwatsi bugomba kuba buryohera itungo bityo
rikaba ryabasha kuburya;
 Intungamubiri bwifitemo : Ubwatsi bugomba kuba bufite
intungamubiri itungo ribukeneyemo;
 Gufata neza ubutaka: Ubwatsi bugomba kuba atari ubugundura
ubutaka, ahubwo byaba byiza guhinga ububukungahaza
( nk’ibinyamisogwe)
 Buhingwa ku buryo bworoshye: Ubwatsi bugomba kuba butagorana
mu kubuhinga kugira ngo bitaguhenda;
 Butanga musaruro uhagije: Ubwatsi bugomba kuba butanga
umusaruro uhagije kugira ngo buhaze amatungo hasaguke n’ubwo
kubikira igihe cy’izuba;
 Igihe bumara utongeye kubuhinga : Ubwatsi bwiza ni ubumara igihe
mu murima utongeye kubuhinga bundi bushya;
 Kuba butabangamira ibindi bihingwa biri hamwe mu murima:
Ubwatsi bwiza ni ubwo ushobora kuvanga n’ubundi mu murima
bugakomeza gutanga umusaruro kandi butabangamiye ubundi buri
hamwe.

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 II. GUTERA UBWATSI BW’AMATUNGO
Ubwatsi buhingwa mu gihe cy`imvura. Umworozi ategura umurima neza,
akawuhinga kandi akavanamo ibyatsi bibi. Mu gutera hashobora
gukoreshwa: imbuto nini, imbuto ntoya cyangwa ibitsinsi/ ingeri .

 Imbuto nini: ziterwa mu twobo dutandukanyijwe na m 1 ku murongo

na m 1 hagati y’imirongo.

Imbuto nini za Mucuna

 Imbuto ntoya : zishobora guterwa mu buryo bubiri:

• Gutera imbuto bamisha mu murongo ku ntera ya metero 1
hagati y’imirongo, bagatera mu bujyakuzimu bwa santimetero
2;
• Gutera ingemwe babanje guhumbika muri pepiniyeri batera ku
ntera ya metero hagati y’imirongo na santimetero 50 ku
murongo.

Imbuto ntoya za desimodiyumu

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  Ingeri: batera ku ntera ya metero 1 kuri metero 1. Iki gihe haba
hakenewe ingeri 10,000-20.000

Ingeri

Urubingo rumaze gufata hakoreshejwe ingerí

2.2 Gukorera ubwatsi buri mu murima

Mu gihe ubwatsi buri mu murima bugomba
 Kubagarwa;
 Gusukirwa;
 Gufumbirwa;
 Gusarurwa butarasaza.

Ubwatsi buri mu mumurima busukiriye

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2.3 Gusarura no kugabura ubwatsi

2.3.a Gusarura
• Ubwatsi busarurwa bumaze amezi atatu mu murima bugeze igihe cyo
kurabya ku rugero rwa 50%. Nibwo buba bufite intungamubiri
nyinshi.
• Ku bwatsi butinda kuraba nk’urubingo busarurwa bufite hagati ya m
1 na m 1.5 z’uburebure

Ibuka koUgomba gutema ubwatsi bukenewe kugira ngo budapfa ubusa.

Ubwatsi bugeze igihe cyo gusarurwa

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2.3.b Kugabura ubwatsi

Inka ziri kugaburirwa

• Iyo ugaburira inka uvanga ubwatsi bw’ibinyampeke n’ubuturuka ku

binyamisogwe;
• Ibinyampeke bigomba kuba bigize 2/3 naho ibinyamisogwe ntibigomba
kurenga 1/3 cy’ubwatsi bwose;

• Ubwatsi bugaburwa bubanje

gukatwamo uduce duto tungana
nka centimetero 5.

Inka ziri kugaburirwa ubwatsi

• Inka igaburirwa 1/10 cy’ibilo byayo.

Urugero: Nk’inka y’ibilo 300 igaburirwa ibilo 30. Muri byo Kg 20 biba ari
ibinyampeke naho 10 bikaba ibinyamisogwe.

 Nibyiza ko ubwatsi bw’ibinyamisogwe bugaburwa bumaze guhonga.

Iyo ugabuye ubwatsi bwumye uha inka 2.5-3% byibilo byayo. Inka
ifite ibilo 300, igaburirwa ibilo biri hagati 7.5 na 9 birimo ibiro biri
hagati ya 5 na 6 z’ibinyampeke na kg 2.5-3 z’ibinyamisogwe.

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 III. KUMISHA UBWATSI
Ubwatsi bushobora kumishwa ni ubufite amababi matoya nka kororisi,
Senkurusi, Panikumu, Umucaca n’Alufalufa.

3.1 Nigute bumisha ubwatsi?

Hakoreshwa cyane cyane uburyo bwo kumisha ku zuba. Ubwatsi
bwumishwa mu byiciro bikurikira:

 Mu bihe by’ imicyo, ubwatsi buratemwa, bugashyirwa hasi aho

buhura n’ imirasire y’ izuba;

 Ni ngombwa kubugaragura inshuro zishoboka ku munsi 2 cyangwa 3;

 Ubwatsi bumaze kuma babuhambira mu miba bakoresheje

udusanduka n’ utugozi tw’ imigwegwe;

 Agasanduka bakuzuzamo ubwatsi bakabutsindagira kugeza igihe

agasanduka kuzurira neza;

 Iyo agasanduka kamaze kuzura neza babuhambiriza akagozi

gakomeye mbere yo kuvana mu gasanduka;

 Ubwatsi buhita bujyanwa mu bubiko cyangwa bukaba bwatangira

kugaburirwa amatungo.

Ubwo bwatsi bwumishijwe bubikwa neza mu gisharagati cyangwa hanze mu

kirundo, nta mpungenge ko bwafata uruhumbu., iyo ntaho buhurira
n’amazi cyangwa imvura, bishobotse bwashyirwa hejuru y’agatanda.

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3.2 Uko bumisha bakanahambira ubwatsi n‘aho bubikwa.

a) Kwanika no kumisha ubwatsi:

Ubwatsi burikumishwa

b) Kubuhambira mu miba hakoreshejwe udusanduka.

Gukora udutafari tw’ubwatsi bwumye hifashishijwe agasanduku kugira ngo byorohe

kububika.

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 c) Guhambira ubwatsi

Ubwatsi bwamaze guhambirwa

d) Ubwatsi buri mu buhunikiro.

Ubwatsi bubitswe bwamaze kumishwa

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 IV. GUHUNIKA UBWATSI
Guhubika ubwatsi ni ukububika ahantu hatinjira umwuka nko muri
shitingi,

4.1 Uko ubwatsi buhunikwa

 Ubwatsi bucagagurwamo uduce dutoya (cm5),
 bushyirwa mu mwobo urimo shitingi, butsindagirwa kugeza umwobo
wuzuye,
 Iyo bumaze kuzura bafunga shitingi ku buryo umwuka utinjiramo
Icyitonderwa: Imirimo yo guhunika ikorwa umunsi umwe.

4.2 Kugabura ubwatsi buhunitse

Mugihe ugiye kugaburira inka yawe uzakurikiza ibi bikurikira:
• Ibiro inka ifite;
• Umusaruro itanga;
• Uko ingana.

Inka igomba gufata 1/10 cy’ibiro ifite

4.3 Kugabura ibisigazwa by`imyaka

Ibisigazwa by’imyaka bikunze gukoreshwa mu kugaburira amatungo
ni:Ibigorigori,ibicericeri, ibisigazwa by’ingano, ibikenyeri by’amasaka,
ibishogoshogo by’ibishyimbo, ibishogoshogo bya soya, ibitwe by’ibihwagari
n’ibindi.

Ibisigazwa by’imyaka

Ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa biba bifite intungamubiri nkeya kuko izindi ziba

zagiye mu musaruro w’ubuhinzi.
Bityo rero ni ngombwa kubyongeramo Ire n’umushongi w’ibisheke (melasi).

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 V. IBIRYO MVARUGANDA
• Ku nka ikamwa ni ngombwa kuyiha ifunguro ry’inyongera rigizwe
n’ibiryo mvaruganda.
• Ibi bihabwa inka ifite umukamo uri hejuru ya litiro zirindwi; ikiro
kimwe cy’ibiryo mvaruganda cyongerera ubushobozi inka bwo
gukamwa litiro 2 z’inyongera z’amata.

Ibiryo mva ruganda

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 Umwanzuro

Kugira ngo amatungo yongere umusaruro, agomba kubona indyo

yuzuye kandi ifite intungamubiri zihagije. Ubwatsi bw’amatungo
cyane cyane ubwa kijyambere bukaba ari nabwo bugomba kuzana izo
ntungamubiri.
Kuberako ikirere kigenda gihindagurika bikanatuma ubwatsi
bw’amatungo butabonekera igihe ningombwa ko aborozi bamenya
guhinga no gutubura ubwatsi bw’amatungo. Ibyo byose bikunganirwa
n’igikorwa cyo guhunika no kugaburira ubwatsi neza kandi mu gihe
gikwiye hanakoreshwa aho bishoboka ibisigazwa by’imyaka. Ibi
bizatuma umusaruro wiyongera, twihaze mu bikomoka ku matungo
ndetse tunasagurire amasoko yaba ayo mu karere cyangwa hanze
yako.

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 Umaze gusoma aka gatabo ku kugaburira inka zikamwa, twifuzaga ko wagira
icyo ukavugaho kugira ngo turusheho kunoza uburyo bwo kubagezaho amakuru
y’ubworozi!

1. Ibyo ushima kuri aka gatabo

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2. Ibyakosorwa muri aka gatabo
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3. Ubundi bumenyi bw’ingenzi wifuza kumenya ku kugaburira inka zikamwa
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Umaze kuzuza uru rupapuro ruce urwohereze kuri CICA cyangwa ku biro bya RAB bikwegereye
"

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Umaze gusoma aka gatabo ku kugaburira inka zikamwa, twifuzaga ko wagira
icyo ukavugaho kugira ngo turusheho kunoza uburyo bwo kubagezaho amakuru
y’ubworozi!

1. Ibyo ushima kuri aka gatabo

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2. Ibyakosorwa muri aka gatabo
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3. Ubundi bumenyi bw’ingenzi wifuza kumenya ku kugaburira inka zikamwa
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Umaze kuzuza uru rupapuro ruce urwohereze kuri CICA cyangwa ku biro bya RAB bikwegereye
"

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 Umaze gusoma aka gatabo ku kugaburira inka zikamwa, twifuzaga ko wagira
icyo ukavugaho kugira ngo turusheho kunoza uburyo bwo kubagezaho amakuru
y’ubworozi!

1. Ibyo ushima kuri aka gatabo

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2. Ibyakosorwa muri aka gatabo
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3. Ubundi bumenyi bw’ingenzi wifuza kumenya ku kugaburira inka zikamwa
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.............................................................................................................................................
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.............................................................................................................................................

Umaze kuzuza uru rupapuro ruce urwohereze kuri CICA cyangwa ku biro bya RAB bikwegereye
"

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