A5

Q1
a
Let us reorder the statement we want to prove
I I
(f ∇g) · ds = − (g∇f ) · ds
C C
I
⇔ (f ∇g + g∇f ) · ds = 0. (1)
C

Now (by product rule) f ∇g + g∇f = ∇(f g) is a vector field that admits a
potential and therefore is a conservative field. From that we can conclude that
the closed-curve line integral will yield zero, proving the statement.

b
Let us start from
I I
(f ∇g) · n̂ds = [(f ∇g) · n̂] (φ(t)) ||φ0 (t)||dt, (2)
∂D ∂D

where we chose an arbitrary parametrization φ(t) and where we have the scalar
field (f ∇g) · n̂. We have to relate the normal vector to the tangential vector
(such that orthogonal to it: n · φ0 = 0):
1
n̂ = p 0 0
(φ02 , −φ01 ), (3)
2
(−φ1 ) + (φ2 )2

where the pre-factor corresponds to ||φ0 (t)||. Therefore,

||φ0 (t)||
I I
0 0 T
[−f gy φ1 + f gx φ2 ] (φ(t)) dt = [−f gy , f gx ] (φ(t)) · φ0 (t)dt,
∂D ||φ0 (t)|| ∂D
(4)

1
 T
which now corresponds to a line integral with a vector field [−f gy , f gx ] . Then
by using Green’s theorem:
I Z Z  
T ∂f gx ∂(−f gy )
[−f gy , f gx ] (φ(t)) · φ0 (t)dt = − dxdy
∂D ∂x ∂y
Z ZD
= (fx gx + f gxx + fy gy + f gyy ) dxdy
Z ZD
∇f · ∇g + f ∇2 g dxdy,


= (5)
D

proving the statement.

c
Using (b), we have

I ZZ ZZ
2


(f ∇g) · n̂ds = f ∇ g dxdy + (∇f · ∇g)dxdy,
I∂D Z ZD Z ZD
g∇2 f dxdy +


(g∇f ) · n̂ds = (∇g · ∇f )dxdy. (6)
∂D D D

Subtracting the second from the first equation yields:

I ZZ
(f ∇g − g∇f ) · n̂ds = (f ∇2 g − g∇2 f + ∇f · ∇g − ∇g · ∇f )dxdy.
∂D D
(7)

As the two final terms on the right-hand side cancel, we have proven the state-
ment.

Q2
a
Given the vector field F = −xî + y ĵ, the circle of radius a centered at the
origin can be parameterized as g(t) = (acos(t), asin(t) for t ∈ [0, 2π]. This gives
g0 (t) = (−asin(t), acost(t)). To calculate the circulation:
Z Z 2π
v · dx = (−acos(t), asin(t)) · (−asin(t), acos(t))dt
C 0
Z 2π
= −a2 cos(t)sin(t) + a2 cos(t)sin(t)dt
0
=0

2
b
Given the vector field F = 3x2 y î + x3 ĵ and taking the orientation to be counter-
clockwise, we can use Green’s Theorem. To calculate the circulation:
Z Z Z
∂F2 ∂F1
v · dx = − dxdy
C ∂D ∂x ∂y
Z 1Z 1
= 3x2 − 3x2 dxdy
0 0
=0

c
2 2
Given the vector field F = xy 2 î + 2x2 y ĵ, the ellipse given by x9 + y4 = 1
can be parameterized as g(t) = (3cos(t), 2sin(t) for t ∈ [0, 2π]. This gives
g0 (t) = (−3sin(t), 2cost(t)). To calculate the circulation:
Z Z 2π
v · dx = (12cos(t)sin2 (t), 36sin(t)cos2 (t)) · (−3sin(t), 2cos(t))dt
C 0
Z 2π
= −36sin3 (t)cos(t) + 72cos3 (t)sin(t)dt
0
Z 2π
= 36 −sin3 (t)cos(t) + 2cos3 (t)sin(t)dt
0
 Z 2π Z 2π 
= 36 −sin3 (t)cos(t)dt + 2cos3 (t)sin(t)dt
0 0
 2π 2π 
1 4
 1 4

= 36 − sin (t) − cos (t)

4 0 2 0
=0

Q3
a
We first find the derivatives with respect to u and v.
 
cos(v) cos(u)
τ~u =  sin(v) cos(u) 
− sin(u)
 
− sin(v) sin(u)
τ~v =  cos(v) sin(u) 
0
Taking the cross product

3
    

 î ĵ k̂ 
 sin(u) cos(v)
τ~u × τ~v =  cos(v) cos(u) sin(v) cos(u) − sin(u) = sin(u)  sin(u) sin(v) 
− sin(v) sin(u) cos(v) sin(u) 0  cos(u)

Since this is the normal vector, it will be orthogonal to any displacement

vector between a point ~x on the tangent plane and the point S(u, v), resulting
in the following equation of the tangent plane at S(u, v):
    
sin(u) cos(v) cos(v) sin(u)
 sin(u) sin(v)  · ~x − 1 + sin(v) sin(u) = 0
cos(u) cos(u)

b
In the similar vein as 3a,
 
0
τ~u = 1
0
 
cos(v)
τ~v =
0 − sin(v)
   
 î
 ĵ k̂  sin(v)
τ~u × τ~v = cos(v) 0 − sin(v) =  0 
 0 1 0  cos(v)
As before, this results in the following equation of the tangent plane at
S(u, v) in normal form
    
sin(v) sin(v)
 0  · ~x −  u  = 0
cos(v) cos(v)

Q4
a
The boundary of the given region is given by three surfaces Σ = Σ1 ∪ Σ2 ∪ Σ3 ,
where
  
 cos(θ) 
Σ1 =  sin(θ)  : θ ∈ [0, 2π), z ∈ [0, cos(θ) + 2]
z
 

Is the wall of the cylinder,

4
   
 r cos(θ) 
Σ2 =  r sin(θ)  : r ∈ [0, 1], θ ∈ [0, 2π)
0
 

Is the bottom of the cylinder, and

  
 r cos(θ) 
Σ3 =  r sin(θ)  : r ∈ [0, 1], θ ∈ [0, 2π)
r cos(θ) + 2
 

Is the top of the cylinder.

Hence,
Z Z Z Z
f dσ = f dσ1 + f dσ2 + f dσ3
Σ Σ1 Σ2 Σ3

Since z = 0 in Σ2 and f = xz, it’s apparent that the second integral above
is 0. To evaluate each integral. We find the norm of the cross product of the
two tangent vectors.
For the first integral,
 
− sin(θ)
τ~θ =  cos(θ) 
0
 
0
τ~z = 0
1
Leading to
   

 î ĵ k̂  cos(θ)
τ~θ × τ~z = − sin(θ) cos(θ) 0 =  sin(θ) 
 0 0 1 0
Hence kτ~θ × τ~z k = 1 and

5
Z Z2π cos(θ)+2
Z
f dσ1 = z cos(θ)dzdθ
Σ1 0 0
Z2π
1
= [cos(θ) + 2]2 cos(θ)dθ
2
0
 
Z2π
1 2π
=  sin(θ)[cos(θ) + 2]2 0 + 2 sin2 (θ)[cos(θ) + 2]dθ ∵ int. by parts
 
2
0
Z2π
=2 sin2 (θ)dθ
0
Z2π
= 1 − cos(2θ)dθ
0
= 2π

Going through the computations for Σ3 , we find that

 
r
τ~r × τ~θ = 0
r
√
Hence kτ~r × τ~θ k = 2r and

Z Z2πZ1 √
f dσ3 = r2 cos(θ)(cos(θ) + 2) 2rdrdθ
Σ3 0 0
√ Z2π
2
= cos(θ)(cos(θ) + 2)dθ
4
0
√
 2π 
Z
2 1
= 1 + cos(2θ)dθ
4 2
0
√
2π
=
4
Finally, adding the two integrals together, we obtain
Z √
2π
f dσ = 2π +
4
Σ

6
 Note: Since way too many of you forgot about the top and bottom surfaces
I decided not to penalize you on that.

b
The boundary of the given region is a union of 3 surfaces Σ = Σ1 ∪ Σ2 ∪ Σ3 ,
where
  
 r cos(θ) 
Σ1 =  r sin(θ)  : r ∈ [1, 2], θ ∈ [0, 2π]
r
 

Is the wall of the cone,

  
 r cos(θ) 
Σ2 =  r sin(θ)  : r ∈ [0, 1], θ ∈ [0, 2π]
1
 

Is the bottom surface, and

  
 r cos(θ) 
Σ3 =  r sin(θ)  : r ∈ [0, 2], θ ∈ [0, 2π]
2
 

Is the top surface. As before, we find the surface integral for each surface.
For Σ1 ,
 
cos(θ)
τ~r =  sin(θ) 
1
 
−r sin(θ)
τ~θ =  r cos(θ) 
0
Resulting in
   

 î ĵ k̂  r cos(θ)
τ~θ × τ~r = −r sin(θ) r cos(θ) 0 =  r sin(θ) 
 cos(θ) sin(θ) 1 −r
√
Hence, kτ~θ × τ~r k = 2r and

7
 Z Z2πZ2 √
f dσ1 = r2 cos2 (θ) 2rdrdθ
Σ1 0 1
2π Z2
√ Z
= 2 cos2 (θ)dθ r3 dr
0 1
√
15 2π
=
4
For both Σ2 and Σ3 ,
 
cos(θ)
τ~r =  sin(θ) 
0
 
−r sin(θ)
τ~θ =  r cos(θ) 
0
Leading to
   

 î ĵ k̂  0
τ~θ × τ~r = −r sin(θ) r cos(θ) 0 =  0 
 cos(θ) sin(θ) 0 −r
Hence, kτ~θ × τ~r k = r and

Z Z2πZ1
f dσ2 = r2 cos2 (θ)rdrdθ
Σ2 0 0
Z2π Z1
2
= cos (θ)dθ r3 dr
0 0
π
=
4

Z Z2πZ2
f dσ3 = r2 cos2 (θ)rdrdθ
Σ3 0 0
Z2π Z2
2
= cos (θ)dθ r3 dr
0 0
= 4π

8
Finally,
Z √ π
f dσ = (15 2 + 17)
4
Σ