Chap – I Probability Theory

1) An event in the probability that will never be happened is called as -

a) Unsure event
b) Sure event
c) Possible event
d) Impossible event

2) What will be the value of P(not E) if P(E) = 0.07?

a) .90
b) .007
c) .93
d) .72

3) What will be the probability of getting odd numbers if a dice is thrown?

a) 1/2
b) 2
c) 4/2
d) 5/2

4) What is the probability of getting a sum as 3 if a dice is thrown?

a) 2/18
b) 1/18
c) 4
d) 1/36

5) What is the probability of getting the sum as a prime number if two dice are thrown?

a. 5/24

b. 5/12

c. 5/30

d. 1/4
6) What is the probability of getting at least one head if three unbiased coins are tossed?

a. 7/8

b. 1/2

c. 5/8

d. 8/9

7) What will be the probability of losing a game if the winning probability is 0.3?

a. 0.5

b. 0.6

c. 0.7

d. 0.8

8) If two dice are thrown together, what is the probability of getting an even number on one
dice and an odd number on the other dice?

a. 1/4

b. 3/5

c. 3/4

d. 1/2

9) In a box, there are 8 orange, 7 white, and 6 blue balls. If a ball is picked up randomly,
what is the probability that it is neither orange nor blue?

a. 1/3

b. 1/21

c. 2/21

d. 5/21
10) A card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. What is the probability of getting a king of a
black suit?

a. 1/26

b. 1/52

c. 3/26

d. 7/52

11) A dice is thrown twice. What is the probability of getting two numbers whose product is
even?

a. 6/4

b. 1/2

c. 5/4

d. 3/4

12) If a number is selected at random from the first 50 natural numbers, what will be the
probability that the selected number is a multiple of 3 and 4?

7/50

4/25

2/25

None of the above

13) What is the probability of drawing an ace from a pack of 52 cards?

a. 4/13

b. 1/13

c. 1/52

d. None of the above

14) In 30 balls, a batsman hits the boundaries 6 times. What will be the probability that he
did not hit the boundaries?

a. 1/5

b. 4/5

c. 3/5

d. None of the above

15) Which of the following probability cannot exist?

a. 2/5

b. -1.5

c. 0.7

d. None of the above

16) There are 3 blue socks, 5 brown socks, and 4 white socks in a drawer. If two socks are
picked up randomly, what is the probability that the selected socks are of the same color?

a. 1

b. 0

c. 19/66

d. 4/11

17) If a number is selected at random from the first 100 natural numbers, what will be the
probability that the selected number is a perfect cube?

a. 1/25

b. 2/25

c. 3/25

d. 4/25

512
18) Which of the following statement is not true about probability?

a. The probability of an impossible event is 0.

b. Probability can be greater than 1 or less than 0.

c. Probability cannot be greater than 1.

d. None of the above

19) If P is the probability of an event, what is the probability of its complement?

a. 1 - 1/P

b. P - 1

c. 1 - P

d. None of the above

20) If one event occurs, another event cannot happen, i.e., the events that cannot occur
simultaneously are called as -

a. Exhaustive Events

b. Mutually exclusive events

c. Equally likely events

d. Independent events

21) What is the probability of the random arrangement of letters in the word "UNIVERSITY"
and two I's should come together?

a. 1/7

b. 3/5

c. 1/5

d. 2/7
22) In class, 30% of students study Hindi, 45% study Maths, and 15% study both Hindi and
Math’s. If a student is randomly selected, what is the probability that he/she study Hindi or
maths?

a. 1/5

b. 3/5

c. 2/5

d. 2/7
23) Neha has 4 yellow t-shirts, 6 black t-shirts, and 2 blue t-shirts to choose from for
her outfit today. She chooses a t-shirt randomly with each t-shirt equally likely to be
chosen. Find the probability that a black or blue t-shirt is chosen for the outfit.
a) 8/13
b) 5/6
c) 1/2
d) 7/12

24) If a fair 15-sided dice is rolled, then is the probability that the roll is an odd number
or prime number or both?
a) 3/20
b) 4/19
c) 9/20
d) 17/20

25) There are a total of 50 distinct books on a shelf such as 20 math books, 16 physics
books, and 14 chemistry books. Find is the probability of getting a book that is not a
chemistry book or not a physics book.
a) 4/17
b) 43/50
c) 12/31
d)1

26) A number is selected from the first 20 natural numbers. Find the probability that it
would be divisible by 3 or 7?
a) 19/46
b) 24/67
c) 12/37
d) 7/20
27) There are 24 red marbles in a bag 68 marbles, and 8 of those marbles are both red
and white striped. 27 marbles are white striped and of those marbles, the same 8
marbles would be both red and white striped). Find the probability of drawing out a
marble from the bag that is either red or white striped.
a) 12/35
b) 43/68
c) 26/68
d) 32/55

28)If spinner has 3 equal sectors colored yellow, blue and red, then the probability of
landing on red or yellow after spinning this spinner is _______
a) 2/3
b) 4/7
c) 6/17
d) 23/47

29)If E and F are two events associated with the same sample space of a random
experiment then P (E|F) is given by _________
a) P(E∩F) / P(F), provided P(F) ≠ 0
b) P(E∩F) / P(F), provided P(F) = 0
c) P(E∩F) / P(F)
d) P(E∩F) / P(E)
30) Given that E and F are events such that P (E) = 0.6, P (F) = 0.3 and P (E∩F) = 0.2, then
P (E|F) ?
a) 2/3
b) 1/3
c) 3/4
d) ¼
31) If P(A) = 7/11, P(B) = 6 / 11 and P(A∪B) = 8/11, then P(A|B) = ________
a) 3/5
b) 2/3
c) 1/2
d) 1
32) A single card is drawn from a standard deck of playing cards. What is the
probability that the card is a face card provided that a queen is drawn from the deck of
cards?
a) 3/13
b) 1/3
c) 4/13
d) 1/52
33) A meeting has 12 employees. Given that 8 of the employees is a woman, find the
probability that all the employees are women?
a) 11/23
b) 12/35
c) 2/9
d) 1/8
34) A jar containing 8 marbles of which 4 red and 4 blue marbles are there. Find the
probability of getting a red given the first one was red too.
a) 4/13
b) 2/11
c) 3/7
d) 8/15
35)A bin contains 4 red and 6 blue balls and three balls are drawn at random. Find the
probability such that both are of the same color.
a) 10/28
b) 1/5
c) 1/10
d) 4/7
36)Two boxes containing candies are placed on a table. The boxes are labeled B1 and B2.
Box B1 contains 7 cinnamon candies and 4 ginger candies. Box B 2 contains 3 cinnamon
candies and 10 pepper candies. The boxes are arranged so that the probability of
selecting box B1 is 1⁄3 and the probability of selecting box B2 is 2⁄3. Suresh is blindfolded
and asked to select a candy. He will win a colour TV if he selects a cinnamon candy.
What is the probability that Suresh will win the TV (that is, she will select a cinnamon
candy)?
a) 7⁄33
b) 6⁄33
c) 13⁄33
d) 20⁄33
37)Suppose box A contains 4 red and 5 blue coins and box B contains 6 red and 3 blue
coins. A coin is chosen at random from the box A and placed in box B. Finally, a coin is
chosen at random from among those now in box B. What is the probability a blue coin
was transferred from box A to box B given that the coin chosen from box B is red?
a) 15⁄29
b) 14⁄29
c) 1⁄2
d) 7⁄10
38)Previous probabilities in Bayes Theorem that are changed with help of new available
information are classified as _________________
a) independent probabilities
b) posterior probabilities
c) interior probabilities
d) dependent probabilities
39) A letter is chosen at random from the letters of the word “ASSASSINATION”. The probability
that the letter chosen has:
a. 6/13
b. 7/13
c. 1
d. none of these.

40) A card is drawn from a well shuffled deck of 52 cards. Find the probability
of getting a king of red suit.
a. 1/26
b. 3/26
c. 7/52
d. 1/13
41) A number between 0 and 1 that is use to measure uncertainty is called:
a. Random variable
b. Trial
c. Simple event
d. Probability
42) The events having no experimental outcomes in common is called:
a. Equally likely events
b. Exhaustive events
c. Mutually exclusive events
d. Independent events
43) The probability associated with the reduced sample space is called:
a. Conditional probability
b. Statistical probability
c. Mathematical probability
d. Subjective probability
44) When each outcome of a sample space is as likely to occur as any other,
the outcomes are called:
a. Exhaustive
b. Mutually exclusive
c. Equally likely
d. Not mutually exclusive
45)A letter is chosen at random from the word "Statistics". The probability of
getting a vowel is:
a. 1/10
b. 2/10
c. 3/10
d. 4/10
46) Given P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.5 and P(A U B)=0.9,then:
a. A and B are not mutually exclusive events
b. A and B are equally likely events
c. A and Bare independent events
d.A and B are mutually exclusive events
47) If A is an arbitrary event, then P(A/A) is equal to :
a. Zero
b. One
c. Infinity
d. Less than one
48)If A and B are any two events, then P(𝐴̅ /B) is equal to:
a. P (A/B)
b. 1- P (A/B)
c. 1+ P (A/B)
d. P ( ̅𝐴UB)
49) Mutually Exclusive events ……
a. Contains all sample points.
b. Contains all common sample points.
c. Does not contain any common sample points.
d.Does not contain any sample points.
50) A leap year selected at random will contain either 53 Sundays or 53 Mondays

is,
1
𝑎.
7
2
b.
7
3
c.
7
4
d.
7
 Chap- I Condition probability (baye’s theorem)

1.If 40% of boys opted for maths and 60% of girls opted for maths,
then what is the probability that maths is chosen if half of the class’s
population is girls?

a) 0.5
b) 0.6
c) 0.7
d) 0.4
2. Company A produces 10% defective products, Company B produces
20% defective products and C produces 5% defective products. If
choosing a company is an equally likely event, then find the
probability that the product chosen is defective.

a) 0.22
b) 0.12
c) 0.11
d) 0.21
3. Suppose 5 men out of 100 men and 10 women out of 250 women
are colour blind, then find the total probability of colour blind people.
(Assume that both men and women are in equal numbers.)

a) 0.45
b) 0.045
c) 0.05
d) 0.5
4. A problem is given to 5 students P, Q, R, S, T. If the probability of
solving the problem individually is 1/2, 1/3, 2/3, 1/5, 1/6 respectively,
then find the probability that the problem is solved.

a) 0.47
b) 0.37
c) 0.57
d) 0.27
5. The probability that the political party A does a particular work is
30% and the political party B doing the same work is 40%. Then find
the probability that the work is completed if the probability of
choosing the political party A is 40% and that of B is 60%.

a) 0.12
b) 0.24
c) 0.36
d) 0.48
6. Total probability theorem is used in Baye’s theorem.

a) True
b) False
7. Theorem of total probability is given by P(A) = P(E1) P(A|E1) + P(E2)
P(A|E2) +…..(n terms).

a) True
b) False
8. In badminton practice session, the probability that the player A
serves properly is 0.8 and that he player B serves properly is 0.9. If
there are only two players, then find the probability that it is serves
properly.

a) 0.75
b) 0.85
c) 0.95
d) 0.55
9. The probability that person A completes all the tasks assigned is
50% and that of person B is 20%. Find the probability that all the tasks
are completed.

a) 0.15
b) 0.25
c) 0.35
d) 0.45

10. Let there be two newly launched phones A and B. The probability
that phone A has good battery life is 0.7 and the probability that
phone B has good battery life is 0.8. Then find the probability that a
phone has a good battery life.

a) 0.65

b) 0.75

c) 0.85

d) 0.45
 Chap –III

1. In a Poisson Distribution, if ‘n’ is the number of trials and ‘p’ is the

probability of success, then the mean value is given by?
a) m = np
b) m = (np)^2
c) m = np(1-p)
d) m = p
2. If ‘m’ is the mean of a Poisson Distribution, then variance is given
by ___________
a) m2
b) m1⁄2
c) m
d) m⁄2
3. The p.d.f of Poisson Distribution is given by ___________
a) e^−m m^x/x!
b) e^−m^x!/mx
c) x!m^x/e^−m
d) e^mm^x/x!
4. If ‘m’ is the mean of a Poisson Distribution, the standard deviation
is given by ___________
a) √ m
b) m^2
c) m
d) m⁄2
5. In a Poisson Distribution, the mean and variance are equal.
a) True
b) False
6. In a Poisson Distribution, if mean (m) = e, then P(x) is given by
___________
a) e^(x−m)/x!
b) e^(m−x)/x!
c) x!/e^(m−x)
d) x!/e^(x−m)
7. Poisson distribution is applied for ___________
a) Continuous Random Variable
b) Discrete Random Variable
c) Irregular Random Variable
d) Uncertain Random Variable
8. If ‘m’ is the mean of Poisson Distribution, the P(0) is given by
a) e^-m
b) e^m
c) e
d) m^-e
9. In a Poisson distribution, the mean and standard deviation are
equal.
a) True
b) False
10. For a Poisson Distribution, if mean (m) = 1, then P(1) is?
a) 1/e
b) e
c) e/2
d) Indeterminate
11. The recurrence relation between P(x) and P(x +1) in a Poisson
distribution is given by ___________
a) P(x+1) – m P(x) = 0
b) m P(x+1) – P(x) = 0
c) (x+1) P(x+1) – m P(x) = 0
d) (x+1) P(x) – x P(x+1) = 0
12. In a Binomial Distribution, if ‘n’ is the number of trials and ‘p’ is
the probability of success, then the mean value is given by
a) np
b) n
c) p
d) np(1-p)
13. In a Binomial Distribution, if p, q and n are probability of success,
failure and number of trials respectively then variance is given by
a) np
b) npq
c) np2q
d) npq2
14. If ‘X’ is a random variable, taking values ‘x’, probability of success
and failure being ‘p’ and ‘q’ respectively and ‘n’ trials being
conducted, then what is the probability that ‘X’ takes values ‘x’? Use
Binomial Distribution
a) P(X = x) = nCx p^x q^x
b) P(X = x) = nCx p^x q^(n-x)
c) P(X = x) = xCn q^x p^(n-x)
d) P(x = x) = xCn p^n q^x
15. If ‘p’, ‘q’ and ‘n’ are probability pf success, failure and number of
trials respectively in a Binomial Distribution, what is its Standard
Deviation?
a) √ np
b) √ pq
c) (np)2
d) √ npq
16. In a Binomial Distribution, the mean and variance are equal.
a) True
b) False
17. It is suitable to use Binomial Distribution only for
a) Large values of ‘n’
b) Fractional values of ‘n’
c) Small values of ‘n’
d) Any value of ‘n’
18. For larger values of ‘n’, Binomial Distribution a) loses its
discreteness
b) tends to Poisson Distribution
c) stays as it is
d) gives oscillatory values
19. In a Binomial Distribution, if p = q, then P(X = x) is given by?
a) nCx (0.5)^n
b) nCn (0.5)^n
c) nCx p^(n-x)
d) nCn p^(n-x)
20. Binomial Distribution is a ___________
a) Continuous distribution
b) Discrete distribution
c) Irregular distribution
d) Not a Probability distribution
21. Normal Distribution is applied for ___________
a) Continuous Random Distribution
b) Discrete Random Variable
c) Irregular Random Variable
d) Uncertain Random Variable
22. The shape of the Normal Curve is ___________
a) Bell Shaped
b) Flat
c) Circular
d) Spiked
23. Normal Distribution is symmetric is about ___________
a) Variance
b) Mean
c) Standard deviation
d) Covariance
24. For a standard normal variate, the value of mean is?
a) ∞
b) 1
c) 0
d) not defined
25. The area under a standard normal curve is?
a) 0
b) 1
c) ∞
d) not defined
26. The standard normal curve is symmetric about the value
a) 0.5
b) 1
c) ∞
d) 0
27. For a standard normal variate, the value of Standard Deviation is
a) 0
b) 1
c) ∞
d) not defined
28. Normal Distribution is also known as ___________
a) Cauchy’s Distribution
b) Laplacian Distribution
c) Gaussian Distribution
d) Lagrangian Distribution
29. Skewness of Normal distribution is ___________
a) Negative
b) Positive
c) 0
d) Undefined
30. For a normal distribution its mean, median, mode are equal.
a) True
b) False
31. In Normal distribution, the highest value of ordinate occurs at
a) Mean
b) Variance
c) Extremes
d) Same value occurs at all points
22. The shape of the normal curve depends on its ___________
a) Mean deviation
b) Standard deviation
c) Quartile deviation
d) Correlation
33. The value of constant ‘e’ appearing in normal distribution is
___________
a) 2.5185
b) 2.7836
c) 2.1783
d) 2.7183
34. In Standard normal distribution, the value of mode is ___________
a) 2
b) 1
c) 0
d) Not fixed
35. In Standard normal distribution, the value of median is
___________
a) 1
b) 0
c) 2
d) Not fixed
36. For a S. N. V. z the probability that |z| is greater than or equal to
1.68 is…
(Given: For S. N. V. z area from z=0 to z=1.68 is 0.4535)
a.0.4535
b.0.0465
c.0.093
d.0.5465
37. A normal variate has mean 50 and standard deviation 5. Then the
probability that are item chosen at random will have size less 45 is…
(Given: For S. N. V. z area from z=0 to z=0.3413)
a.0.3141
b.0.1587
c.0.8413
d.0.8387
38. If z=(x-15)/3 is a standard normal variate then the mean and the
standard deviation of x is…
a.3,15
b.15,3
c.4,3
d.3,18
39.The mean and the standard deviation of a standard normal variate
is…
a.1 and 0
b.0 and 1
c.1 and 1
d.None of these
40. The area under the standard normal curve from z=-∞ to z=0 is…
a.1
b.0
c.1/2
d.3/2
41.For a S. N. V. z the probability that z is less than or equal to 1.68
is…
(Given: For a S. N. V z area between z=0 to z=1.68 is 0.4535 )
a.0.4535
b.0.5453
c.0.5465
d. 0.9535
42.For a normal variate mean=50 and standard deviation=12. The
probability that size of an item chosen at random is greater than 62
is…
(Given: For S. N. V area from z=0 to z=1 is 0.3413)
a.0.3413
b.0.1587
c.0.8413
d.0.8425
43.For a Binomial Distribution with n=6 and p=1/3, the mean and
variance are
a.2,4/3
b.2,4
c.1/3 ,3
d.3,4/3
44.In a lot of 50 items the probability of a defective item is1/5, then
the mean and variance of the distribution of defective item are…
a.2,20
b.10,20
c.10,8
d.2,8
45.If 10% pens are defective and if there are 10 pens in a box then the
probability that there is no defective pen in the box is…
a.0.25
b.0.35
c.0.45
d.0
46.From a box containing 100 transistors out of which 20 are
defective, if 10 transistors are chosen at random then the probability
that no transistor was defective is…
a.0.07
b.0.11
c.0.17
d.0.99
47.A Poisson distribution is given by P(x)=(e^(-2.5x) (2.5)^x)/x!. Then
mean and variance of the distribution are…
a.1.5,2.5
b.1.5,3.5
c.2.5,2.5
d.1.5,1.5
48.A random variable has a Poisson distribution with mean 6, then
p(x=1)=…
a.0.015
b.0.055
c.0.15
d.0.25
49.A random variable has a Poisson distribution with mean 3, then
p(x=4)=….
a.0.11
b.0.13
c.0.15
d.0.17
50.The number of defective ballot papers follows a Poisson
distribution with mean is2. The probability that there will be no
defective ballot paper in a box is…
a.0.101
b.0.113
c.0.124
d.0.135
51.The number of car accidents in a city in a year is a Poisson
distribution with mean 3. Then the probability that in year in that city
there will be no accident is…
a.0.03
b.0.04
c.0.05
d.0.06
52.The mean and variance of the distribution p(x)=(e^(-5) (5)^x)/x!,
x=0,1,2,3,… is
a.2,3
b.3,4
c.4,4
d.5,5
53.The mean and variance of a distribution of a discrete random
variable is 4. Then its probability distribution is p(x=r)=⋯
a.4Cr (1/3)^x (2/3)^(4-x)
b.10Cr (1/4)^x (3/4)^(10-x)
c.e^-4 (4^x)/x!
d.None of above
 Chap-IV and V

1. The techniques which provide the decision maker a systematic and powerful means
of analysis to explore policies for achieving predetermined goals are
called..........................
a. Correlation techniques
b. Mathematical techniques
c. Quantitative techniques
d. None of the above
2. Correlation analysis is a ..............................
a. Univariate analysis
b. Bivariate analysis
c. Multivariate analysis
d. Both b and c
3. If change in one variable results a corresponding change in the other variable,
then the variables are.........................
a. Correlated
b. Not correlated
c. Any of the above
d. None of the above
4. When the values of two variables move in the same direction, correlation is said
to be ............................
a. Linear
b. Non-linear
c. Positive
d. Negative
5. When the values of two variables move in the opposite directions, correlation is
said to be ............................
a. Linear
b. Non-linear
c. Positive
d. Negative
6. When the amount of change in one variable leads to a constant ratio of
change in the other variable, then correlation is said to be .........................
a. Linear
b. Non-linear
c. Positive
d. Negative
7. ...........................attempts to determine the degree of relationship between
variables.
a. Regression analysis
b. Correlation analysis
c. Inferential analysis
d. None of these
8. Non-linear correlation is also called.....................................
a. Non-curvy linear correlation
b. Curvy linear correlation
c. Zero correlation
d. None of these
9. Scatter diagram is also called ......................
a. Dot chart
b. Correlation graph
c. Both a and b
d. None of these
10. If all the points of a scatter diagram lie on a straight line falling from left upper
corner to the right bottom corner, the correlation is called...................
a. Zero correlation
b. High degree of positive correlation
c. Perfect negative correlation
d. Perfect positive correlation
11. If all the dots of a scatter diagram lie on a straight line falling from left bottom
corner to the right upper corner, the correlation is called..................
a. Zero correlation
b. High degree of positive correlation
c. Perfect negative correlation
d. Perfect positive correlation
12. Numerical measure of correlation is called .....................
a. Coefficient of correlation
b. Coefficient of determination
c. Coefficient of non-determination
d. Coefficient of regression
13. Coefficient of correlation explains:
a. Concentration
b. Relation
c. Dispersion
d. Asymmetry
14. Coefficient of correlation lies between:
a. 0 and +1
b. 0 and –1
 c. –1 and +1
d. – 3 and +3
15. A high degree of +ve correlation between availability of rainfall and weight of
weight of people is:
a. A meaningless correlation
b. A spurious correlation
c. A nonsense correlation
d. All of the above
16. If the ratio of change in one variable is equal to the ratio of change in the other
variable, then the correlation is said to be .....................
a. Linear
b. Non-linear
c. Curvilinear
d. None of these
17. Pearsonian correlation coefficient if denoted by the symbol ...............
a. K
b. r
c. R
d. None of these
18. If r= +1, the correlation is said to be ...................
a. High degree of +ve correlation
b. High degree of –ve correlation
c. Perfect +ve correlation
d. Perfect –ve correlation
19. If the dots in a scatter diagram fall on a narrow band, it indicates a
.......................
degree of correlation.
a. Zero
b. High
c. Low
d. None of these
20. If all the points of a dot chart lie on a straight line vertical to the X-axis, then
coefficient of correlation is ...................
a. 0
b. +1
c. –1
d. None of these
21. If all the points of a dot chart lie on a straight line parallel to the X-axis, it
denotes
.................................of correlation.
a. High degree
b. Low degree
c. Moderate degree
 d. Absence
22. If dots are lying on a scatter diagram in a haphazard manner, then r =
......................
a. 0
b. +1
c. –1
d. None of these
23. The unit of Coefficient of correlation is ........................
a. Percentage
b. Ratio
c. Same unit of the data
d. No unit
24. Product moment correlation method is also called ........................
a. Rank correlation
b. Pearsonian correlation
c. Concurrent deviation
d. None of these
25. The –ve sign of correlation coefficient between X and Y
indicates.............................
a. X decreasing, Y increasing
b. X increasing, Y decreasing
c. Any of the above
d. There is no change in X and Y
26. Coefficient of correlation explains .........................of the relationship between
two variables.
a. Degree
b. Direction
c. Both of the above
d. None of the above
27. For perfect correlation, the coefficient of correlation should be ..........................
a. ± 1
b. + 1
c. – 1
d. 0
28. Rank correlation coefficient was discovered by....................................
a. Fisher
b. Spearman
c. Karl Pearson
d. Bowley
29. The rank correlation coefficient is always............................
a. + 1
b. – 1
c. 0
 d. Between + 1 and – 1
30. Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient is usually denoted by....................
a. k
b. r
c. S
d. R
31. Probable error is used to:
a. Test the reliability of correlation coefficient
b. Measure the error in correlation coefficient
c. Both a an b
d. None of these
32. If coefficient of correlation is more than ............ of its P E, correlation is
significant.
a. 2 times
b. 5 times
c. 6 times
d. 10 times
33. In correlation analysis, Probable Error =..................... 0.6745
a. Standard deviation
b. Standard error
c. Coefficient of correlation
d. None of these
34. Coefficient of concurrent deviation depends on .......................
a. The signs of the deviations
b. The magnitude of the deviations
c. Bothe a and b
d. None of these
35. Correlation analysis between two sets of data only is called....................
a. Partial correlation
b. Multiple correlation
c. Nonsense correlation
d. Simple correlation
36. Correlation analysis between one dependent variable with one independent
variable by keeping the other independent variables as constant is
called......................
a. Partial correlation
b. Multiple correlation
c. Nonsense correlation
d. Simple correlation
37. Study of correlation among three or more variables simultaneously is
called.............
a. Partial correlation
b. Multiple correlation
c. Nonsense correlation
 d. Simple correlation
38. If r = 0.8, coefficient of determination is.....................................
a. 80%
b. 8%
c. 64%
d. 0.8%
39. If r is the simple correlation coefficient, the quantity r2 is known as ...................
a. Coefficient of determination
b. Coefficient of non-determination
c. Coefficient of alienation
d. None of these
40. If r is the simple correlation coefficient, the quantity 1 -- r2 is known as
...................
a. Coefficient of determination
b. Coefficient of non-determination
c. Coefficient of alienation
d. None of these
41. The term regression was first used by..........................
a. Karl Pearson
b. Spearman
c. R A Fisher
d. Francis Galton
42. ....................refers to analysis of average relationship between two variables to
provide mechanism for prediction.
a. Correlation
b. Regression
c. Standard error
d. None of these
43. If there are two variables, there can be at most............................... number of
regression lines.
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Infinite
44. If the regression line is Y on X, then the variable X is known as..........................
a. Independent variable
b. Explanatory variable
c. Regressor
d. All the above
45. Regression line is also called.................................
a. Estimating equation
b. Prediction equation
 c. Line of average relationship
d. All the above
46. If the regression line is X on Y, then the variable X is known as..........................
a. Dependent variable
b. Explained variable
c. Both a and b
d. Regressor
47. If the regression line is X on Y, then the variable X is known as..........................
a. Dependent variable
b. Independent variable
c. Bothe a and b
d. None of the above
48. If the regression line is Y on X, then the variable X is known as..........................
a. Dependent variable
b. Independent variable
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above
49. The point of intersection of two regression lines is..........................
a. (0,0)
b. (1,1)
c. (x,y)
d. (x̄ , ӯ)
50. If r = ± 1, the two regression lines are...............................
a. Coincident
b. Parallel
c. Perpendicular to each other
d. None of these
51. If r = 1, the angle between the two regression lines is.........................
a. Ninety degree
b. Thirty degree
c. Zero degree
d. Sixty degree
52. If r = 0, the two regression lines are:
a. Coincident
b. Parallel
c. Perpendicular to each other
d. None of these
53. If bxy and byx are two regression coefficients, they have:
a. Same signs
b. Opposite signs
c. Either a or b
 d. None of the above.
54. If byx > 1, then bxy
is:
a. Greater than one
b. Less than one
c. Equal to one
d. Equal to zero
55. If X and Y are independent, the value of b yx is equal to ........................
a. Zero
b. One
c. Infinity
d. Any positive value
56. The property that both the regression coefficients and correlation coefficient
have same signs is called................................
a. Fundamental property
b. Magnitude property
c. Signature property
d. None of these
57. The property that byx > 1 implies that bxy < 1 is known as .....................
a. Fundamental property
b. Magnitude property
c. Signature property
d. None of these
58. If X and Y are independent, the property b yx = bxy = 0 is called ...................
a. Fundamental property
b. Magnitude property
c. Mean property
d. Independence property
59. The Correlation coefficient between two variables is the ........................... of
their regression coefficients.
a. Arithmetic mean
b. Geometric mean
c. Harmonic mean
d. None of these
60. If the correlation coefficient between two variables, X and Y, is negative, then
the regression coefficient of Y on X is.............................
a. Positive
b. Negative
c. Not certain
d. None of these
61. The G M of two regression coefficients byx and bxy is equal to ..........................
a. r
 b. r2
c. 1 – r2
d. None of these
62. If one regression coefficient is negative, the other is ...............................
a. 0
b. – ve
c. +ve
d. Either a or b
63. Arithmetic mean of the two regression coefficients is:
a. Equal to correlation coefficient
b. Greater than correlation coefficient
c. Less than correlation coefficient
d. Equal to or greater than correlation coefficient
64. byx is the regression coefficient of the regression equation.....................
a. Y on X
b. X on Y
c. Either a or b
d. None of these
65. bxy is the regression coefficient of the regression equation.....................
a. Y on X
b. X on Y
c. Either a or b
d. None of these
66. In ..................... regression analysis, only one independent variable is used to
explain
the dependent variable.
a. Multiple
b. Non-linear
c. Linear
d. None of these
67. The regression coefficient and correlation coefficient of the two variables will be
the same if their .....................are same.
a. Arithmetic mean
b. Standard deviation
c. Geometric mean
d. Mean deviation
68. The idea of testing of hypothesis was first set forth by ..........................
a. R A Fisher
b. J Neyman
c. E L Lehman
d. A Wald
69. By testing of hypothesis, we mean:
 a. A significant procedure in Statistics
b. A method of making a significant statement
c. A rule for accepting or rejecting hypothesis
d. A significant estimation of a problem.
70. Testing of hypothesis and.................. are the two branches of statistical
inference.
a. Statistical analysis
b. Probability
c. Correlation analysis
d. Estimation
71..........................is the original hypothesis
a. Null hypothesis
b. Alternative hypothesis
c. Either a or b
d. None of these
72. A null hypothesis is denoted by...........................
a. H0
b. H1
c. NH
d. None of these
73. An alternative hypothesis is denoted by...........................
a. H0
b. H1
c. AH
d. None of these
74. Whether a test is one sided or two sided, depends on........................
a. Simple hypothesis
b. Composite hypothesis
c. Null hypothesis
d. Alternative hypothesis
75. A wrong decision about null hypothesis leads to:
a. One kind of error
b. Two kinds of errors
c. Three kinds of errors
d. Four kinds of errors
76. The level of probability of accepting a true null hypothesis is
called........................
a. Degree of freedom
b. Level of significance
c. Level of confidence
d. D,
77. The probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis is called.......................
a. Degree of freedom
b. Level of significance
c. Level of confidence
d. None of these
78. 1 – Level of confidence =.............................
a. Level of significance
b. Degree of freedom
c. Either a or b
d. None of these
79. While testing a hypothesis, if level of significance is not mentioned, we take
................... level of significance.
a. 1%
b. 2%
c. 5%
d. 10%
80. A sample is treated as large sample, when its size is.............................
a. More than 100
b. More than 75
c. More than 50
d. More than 30
81. ...............refers to the number of independent observations which is obtained by
subtracting the number of constraints from the total number of observations.
a. Sample size
b. Degree of freedom
c. Level of significance
d. Level of confidence
82. Testing of hypotheses Ho : μ = 45 vs. H1 : μ > 45 when the population standard
deviation is known, the appropriate test is:
a. t-test
b. Z test
c. Chi-square test
d. F test
83. Testing of hypotheses Ho : μ = 85 vs. H1 : μ > 85, is a ......... test.
a. One sided left tailed test
b. One sided right tailed test
c. Two tailed test
d. None of these
84. Testing of hypotheses Ho : μ = 65 vs. H1 : μ < 65, is a ......... test.
a. One sided left tailed test
b. One sided right tailed test
c. Two tailed test
d. None of these
85. Testing of hypotheses Ho : μ = 65 vs. H1 : μ ≠ 65, is a ......... test.
a. One sided left tailed test
b. One sided right tailed test
c. Two tailed test
d. None of these
 86. Regression coefficient is independent of...........................
a. Origin
b. Scale
c. Both a and b
d. Neither origin nor scale

87. The geometric mean of the two regression coefficient, bxy and byx is equal to:
a. r
b. r2
c. 1
d. None of the above
88. In a correlation analysis, if r= 0, then we may say that there is .............between
variables.
a. No correlation
b. Linear correlation
c. Perfect correlation
d. none of these
89. If ‘r’ is the correlation coefficient between two variables,
then:
a. 0 < r < 1
b. – 1 ≤ r ≤ 1
c. r ≥ 0
d. r ≤ 0

**********
 ANSWERS
1:c 21 : d 41 : d 61 : a 81 : b
2:d 22 : a 42 : b 62 : b 82 : b
3:a 23 : d 43 : b 63 : b 83 : b
4:c 24 : b 44 : d 64 : a 84 : a
5:d 25 : c 45 : d 65 : b 85 : c
6:a 26 : c 46 : c 66 : c 86 : a
7:b 27 : a 47 : a 67 : b 87 : a
8:b 28 : b 48 : b 68 : b 88 : a
9:a 29 : d 49 : d 69 : c 89 : b
10 : c 30 : d 50 : a 70 : d
11 : d 31 : a 51 : c 71 : a
12 : a 32 : c 52 : c 72 : a
13 : b 33 : b 53 : a 73 : b
14 : c 34 : a 54 : b 74 : d
15 : d 35 : d 55 : a 75 : b
16 : a 36 : a 56 : c 76 : c
17 : c 37 : b 57 : b 77 : b
18 : c 38 : c 58 : d 78 : a
19 : b 39 : a 59 : b 79 : c
20 : a 40 : b 60 : b 80 : d
 UNIT NO.4
STATISTICS AND PROBABLITY
1. If 𝑋, 𝑌 denotes the deviations from their means and if ∑ 𝑋 2 = 40, ∑ 𝑌 2 = 100, ∑ 𝑋𝑌 =
50, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑟 = ⋯
A. 0.63
B. 0.82
C. 0.91
D. 0.79
2. If 𝑋, 𝑌 denotes the deviations from their means and if ∑ 𝑋 2 = 80, ∑ 𝑌 2 = 50, ∑ 𝑋𝑌 = 60,
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑟 = ⋯
A. 0.95
B. 0.65
C. 0.78
D. 0.81
3. If 𝑋, 𝑌 denotes the deviations from their means and if ∑ 𝑋 2 = 21.62, ∑ 𝑌 2 =
16.28, ∑ 𝑋𝑌 = 9.7, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑟 = ⋯
A. 0.0218
B. −0.0218
C. 0.5170
D. 6.0237
4. The value of Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation 𝑟 lies between…
A. −2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 1
B. −1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1
C. 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2
D. 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3
5. The equations of lines of regression are 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 8,
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦̅ 𝑎𝑟𝑒 …
A. 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3
B. 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3
C. 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2
D. 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 5
6. The equations of lines of regression are 5𝑥 − 6𝑦 = −90 𝑎𝑛𝑑 15𝑥 − 8𝑦 = 130,
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦̅ 𝑎𝑟𝑒 …
A. −30, 40
B. 30, −40
C. 40, 30
D. 30, 40
7. The lines of regression are 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 8,
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦̅ 𝑎𝑟𝑒 …
A. 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 10
B. 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 5
C. 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3
8. If 2𝑦 = 𝑥 + 2𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 5𝑥 = 2𝑦 + 5𝑏 are the two lines of regression then 𝑟 = ⋯
A. √0.2
B. 0.2
C. −√0.2
 D. 0.4
9. If 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 3𝑦 − 7 are the two lines of regression then 𝑟 = ⋯
A. 0.3
B. 0.2
C. √3
D. −√3
10. The equation of line of regression of 𝑦 𝑜𝑛 𝑥 is given by…
A. 𝑦 − 𝑦̅ = 𝑏𝑥𝑦 (𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )
B. 𝑥 − 𝑥̅ = 𝑏𝑦𝑥 (𝑦 − 𝑦̅)
C. 𝑦 − 𝑦̅ = 𝑏𝑦𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )
D. 𝑥 − 𝑥̅ = 𝑏𝑥𝑦 (𝑦 − 𝑦̅)
11. If the mean of 𝑥 = 70, the mean of 𝑦 = 149, the coefficient of regression of 𝑦 𝑜𝑛 𝑥 =
0.7, then the equation of the line of regression of 𝑦 𝑜𝑛 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 …
A. 𝑦 = 0.5𝑥 + 60
B. 𝑦 = 0.6𝑥 + 80
C. 𝑦 = 0.7𝑥 + 100
D. 𝑦 = 0.8𝑥 + 120
12. If the mean of 𝑥 = 90, the mean of 𝑦 = 50, the coefficient of regression of 𝑥 𝑜𝑛 𝑦 = 0.9,
then the equation of the line of regression of 𝑥 𝑜𝑛 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 …
A. 𝑦 = 0.9𝑥 + 0.45
B. 𝑥 = 0.9𝑦 + 0.45
C. 𝑦 = 0.8𝑥 + 0.65
D. 𝑥 = 0.8𝑦 + 0.65
13. If two regression coefficients are −0.1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 0.9 the value of 𝑟 = ⋯
A. −0.3
B. 0.3
C. −0.03
D. 0.09
14. If 𝑏𝑦𝑥 = 5⁄18 , 𝑏𝑥𝑦 = 8⁄5 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑟 = ⋯
A. 2/5
B. 1/2
C. 2/3
D. 3/2
15. If 𝑏𝑦𝑥 = 6⁄5 , 𝑏𝑥𝑦 = 15⁄8 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑟 = ⋯
A. 2.5
B. 1.5
C. 0.5
D. 1
16. The regression equation 𝑦 𝑜𝑛 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 4𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 33 = 0 and variance of 𝑥 = 9 with
coefficient of correlation is 0.6 then the standard deviation of 𝑦 = ⋯
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
17. If two regression lines are coincides then the coefficient of correlation is…
A. 0
B. −1
C. 1
D. ±1
18. If the correlation coefficient is zero then lines are...
A. Parallel
B. Perpendicular
C. Coincident
D. None of these
19. Normal equations for fitting of a straight line 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑎𝑟𝑒 …
A. ∑ 𝑦 = 𝑎 ∑ 𝑥 + 𝑏 ∑ 𝑥 2 , ∑ 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑎 ∑ 𝑥 2 + 𝑏 ∑ 𝑥 3
B. ∑ 𝑦 = 𝑎 ∑ 𝑥 + 𝑏 ∑ 𝑥 2 , ∑ 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑛𝑎 + 𝑏 ∑ 𝑥 3
C. ∑ 𝑦 = 𝑎 ∑ 𝑥 + 𝑛𝑏, ∑ 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑎 ∑ 𝑥 2 + 𝑏 ∑ 𝑥
D. None of these
20. If one of the regression coefficient is greater than unity, then the other must be …
A. Greater than unity
B. Less than unity
C. Less than or equal to unity
D. Greater than or equal to unity
21. A discrete probability distribution is given by,
𝑥: 0 1 2
𝑃(𝑥): 1/9 2/9 2/3
Then 𝑝(𝑥 ≤ 1) = ⋯
A. 1/9
B. 2/9
C. 2/3
D. 1/3
22. A discrete probability distribution is given by,
𝑥 2 +1
𝑝( 𝑥 ) = , 𝑥 = 0, 1, 2, 3 then 𝑘 = ⋯
18
A. 1/3
B. 2/18
C. 2/3
D. 2/9
23. A discrete probability distribution function of a discrete random variable is given by,
𝑥: 0 1 2 3 4
𝑃 (𝑥 ): 𝑘 3𝑘 5𝑘 4𝑘 2𝑘
Then 𝑘 = ⋯
A. 1/3
B. 1/15
C. 1/5
D. 1
24. A discrete probability distribution function of a discrete random variable is given by,
𝑥: 1 2 3 4 5 6
2
𝑝( 𝑥 ) : 𝑘 2𝑘 3𝑘 𝑘 𝐾 + 𝑘 4𝑘 2
2
 Then 𝑘 = ⋯
A. 1/8
B. 1/5
C. 1/6
D. 1/7
25. A continuous random variable has the following probability density function
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑘𝑥 2 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2, then 𝑘 = ⋯
A. 8/3
B. 3/2
C. 2/3
D. 3/8
26. A continuous random variable has the following probability density function
𝑥
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = + 𝑘, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
6
= 0 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
Then 𝑘 = ⋯
A. 1/2
B. 1/12
C. 1/3
D. 1/6
27. A continuous random variable has the following probability density function
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘𝑥(1 − 𝑥), 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1, Then 𝑘 = ⋯
A. 6
B. 2
C. 3
D. 5
28. The mean and the standard deviation of a standard normal variate is…
A. 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 0
B. 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1
C. 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1
D. None of these
29. Which of the following is not an assumption for the Pearson’s correlation analysis?
a. Normally distributed variables
b. Monotonic relationship
c. Linear relationship
d. Constant variance

30. What is the primary purpose of Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficients?
a. Examining the relationship between two noncategorical variables
b. Identifying deviations from normality for continuous variables
c. Examining the relationship between two categorical variables
d. Comparing means across group

31. Which of the following would be considered a very strong negative correlation?
a. 0.89
 b. –0.09
c. –0.89
d. 0.09

32. Which test is used to determine whether a correlation coefficient is statistically

significant?
a. Paired samples t-test
b. Chi-squared test
c. One-sample t-test
d. P-value

33. If the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient shows zero value, this definitely
means that there is no relationship between the two variables
a. True
b. False
34. A scattergram may reveal
a. the direction of a relationship.
b. the strength of a relationship.
c. the form of a relationship.
d. all of the above.

35. A correlation coefficient of 1 indicates

a. the absence of any correlation.
b. a perfect correlation.
c. a relatively small degree of correlation.
d. a relatively high degree of correlation.

36. The number of units that the regression line moves on the Y-axis for each unit it moves
along the X-axis is called
a. intercept.
b. coefficient of determination.
c. slope.
d. none of the above.

37. The variable that is used to predict changes in another variable is known as the
a. nuisance variable.
b. predictor variable.
c. criterion variable.
d. first variable.

38. The value of the ‘coefficient of determination’ (r2) ranges from

a. 0 to 1.
b. –1 to 0.
c. –1 to +1.
d. 1 to 10.

39. The prediction of an individual’s score on the criterion variable based on our knowledge
of this individual’s value on the predictor variable will be more accurate when
a. there is no correlation between the two variables.
b. the correlation between the two variables is weak.
c. the correlation between the two variables is moderate.
d. the correlation between the two variables is strong.
 CHAP-V

1. The process of constructing a mathematical model or function that can be used to predict
or determine one variable by another variable is called

A. regression

B. correlation

C. residual

D. outlier plot

2. In the regression equation Y = 21 - 3X, the slope is

A. 21

B. -21

C. 3

D. -3

3. In the regression equation Y = 75.65 + 0.50X, the intercept is

A. 0.50

B. 75.65

C. 1.00

D. indeterminable

4. The difference between the actual Y value and the predicted Y value found using a
regression equation is called the

A. slope

B. residual

C. outlier

D. scatter plot

5. The total of the squared residuals is called the

A. coefficient of determination

B. sum of squares of error

C. standard error of the estimate

D. r-squared

6. In regression analysis, R^2 is also called the

A. residual

B. coefficient of correlation

C. coefficient of determination

D. standard error of the estimate

7. The coefficient of determination must be

A. between -1 and +1

B. between -1 and 0

C. between 0 and 1

D. equal to SSE/(n-2)

8. For a data set the regression equation is Y = 21 - 3X. The correlation coefficient for this
data

A. must be 0

B. is negative

C. must be 1

D. is positive

9. If X and Y in a regression model are totally unrelated,

A. the correlation coefficient would be -1

B. the coefficient of determination would be 0

C. the coefficient of determination would be 1

D. the SSE would be 0

10. The following data is to be used to construct a regression model:

X 5 7 4 15 12 9

Y 8 9 12 26 16 13 Questions 10-11 are based on the above information.

10. The value of the intercept is

A. 1.36

B. 2.16

C. 0.68

D. 0.57

11. The value of the slope is for the data above is

A. 1.36

B. 2.16

C. 0.68

D. 0.5

12. The manager wishes to test (at 5% level of significance) the hypothesis that X has a
significant positive effect on Y. Which of the following best approximates the critical t-
value for the test?

A. +1.65

B. +1.96

C. -1.65

D. -1.96

13. Suppose that R-square value of a bivariate regression of Y on X is 0.64. Which of the
following is necessarily true?

A. The correlation coefficient between X and Y is 0.8

B. The correlation coefficient is –0.8

C. The correlation coefficient is 0

D. The correlation coefficient is either 0.8 or –0.8

14. Weight (Y) is regressed on height (X) of 40 adults. The height range in the data is 50-
100 and the regression line is Y = 100+0.1X with R2 = 0.12. Which of the conclusions
below does not necessarily follow?

A. The data suggests a weak relationship between X and Y.

B. An adult with an X-value of 60 has an estimated Y-value of 106

C. An adult with an X-value of 80 has an estimated Y-value of 108

D. An adult with an X-value of 90 has an estimated Y-value of 109

15. Which one of the statement is true regarding residuals in regression analysis?

A. Mean of residuals is always zero

B. Mean of residuals is always less than zero
C. Mean of residuals is always greater than zero
D. There is no such rule for residuals
16. In a linear regression problem, we are using “R-squared” to measure goodness-of-fit.
We add a feature in linear regression model and retrain the same model. Which of the
following option is true?

A. If R Squared increases, this variable is significant

B. If R Squared decreases, this variable is not significant
C. Individually R squared cannot tell about variable importance. We can’t say anything
about it right now
D. None of these
17. The correlation coefficient is used to determine:

A. A specific value of the y-variable given a specific value of the x-variable

B. A specific value of the x-variable given a specific value of the y-variable
C .The strength of the relationship between the x and y variables
D .All of the above.
18. Which of the following indicates a fairly strong relationship between X and Y?

A. Correlation coefficient = 0.9

B. The p-value for the null hypothesis Beta coefficient =0 is 0.0001
C. The t-statistic for the null hypothesis Beta coefficient=0 is 30
D. None of the above
19. Method of ordinary least square is attributed to
a. Carl Friedrick Gauss
b. William Sealy Goss
c. Durbin Watson
d. Both b and c
20. r^2 refers to
a. Coefficient of determination
b. Coefficient of correlation
c. Square of correlation coefficient
d. Both a and c
21.The coefficient of determination shows,
a. Variation in the dependent variable Y is explained by the independent variable X
b. Variation in the independent variable Y is explained by the dependent variable X.
c. Both a and b are correct
d. Both a and b are wrong

22. Two properties of r2

a. It is non-negative quantity
b. Its limit are 0 ≤ r2 ≤ 1
c. It is positive
d. All of the above
23. Fit the straight line to the following data.

x 1 2 3 4 5
y 1 2 3 4 5
a. y = x
b. y = x+1
c. y = 2x
d. y = 2x+1
24. Fit the straight line to the following data.

x 0 5 10 15 20
y 7 11 16 20 26
a. y = 0.94x + 6.6
b. y = 6.6x + 0.94
c. y = 0.04x + 5.6
d. y = 5.6x + 0.04

25. Fit the straight line curve to the following data.

x 75 80 93 65 87 71 98 68 84 77
y 82 78 86 72 91 80 95 72 89 74
a. y = 0.9288x + 7.78155
b. y = 7.78155x + 0.9288
c. y = 0.8288x + 6.78155
d. y = 6.78155x + 0.8288

26. Fit a second degree parabola to the following data.

x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
y 2 6 7 8 10 11 11 10 9
a. y = -0.2673x^2 + 3.5232x – 0.9286
b. y = 0.2673x^2 + 3.5232x – 0.9286
c. y = 0.2673x^2 + 3.5232x + 0.9286
d. y = -0.2673x^2 + 3.5232x + 0.9286
27. The normal equations for a straight line y = ax + b are:
a. Σy = aΣx + nb and Σxy = aΣx^2 + bΣx
b. Σxy = aΣx + nb and Σy = aΣx^2 + bΣx
c. Σy = aΣx + nb and Σxy = aΣx^2 + bΣxy
d. Σy = aΣx + nb and Σx^2y = aΣx^2 + bΣx
28.The normal equations for a second degree parabola y = ax^2 + bx + c are Σy = aΣx^2 +
bΣx + nc, Σxy = aΣx^3 + bΣx^2 + cΣx and Σx^2y = aΣx^4 + bΣx^3 + cΣx^2.. Is it true or
false?
a. True
b. False
29. If the equation y = ae^bx can be written in linear form Y=A + BX, what are Y, X, A, B?
a. Y = logy, A = loga, B=b and X=x
b. Y = y, A = a, B=b and X=x
c. Y = y, A = a, B=logb and X=logx
d. Y = logy, A = a, B=logb and X=x
30. If the equation y=ab^x can be written in linear form Y=A+BX, what are Y, X, A, B?
a. Y=logy, X=x, A=loga and B=logb
b. Y=y, A=a, B=b and X=x
c. Y=y, A=a, B=logb and X=logx
d. Y=logy, A=a, B=logb and X=x
31. If the equation y=ax^b can be written in the linear form Y=A+BX, what are Y, X, A, B?
a) Y=logy, A=loga, B=b and X=logx
b) Y=y, A=a, B=b and X=x
c) Y=y, A=a, B=logb and X=logx
d) Y=logy, A=a, B=logb and X=x
32. The parameter E which we use for least square method is called as ____________
a) Sum of residues
b) Residues
c) Error
d) Sum of errors
33. Fit a straight line into the following data.
x: 0 1 2 3 4 5
y: 3 6 8 11 13 14
a. y=3.52+2.26x
b. y=3.52
c. y=2.26x
d. y=4+3x
34. Fit a straight line y=a+bx into the given data:
(x,y):(5,12)(10,13)(15,14)(20,15)(25,16).
a. y=11
b. y=0.2x
c. y=11+0.2x
d. y=1.1+0.2x
35. Fit a straight line y=a+bx into the given data by Actual Mean Method. What is the
value of b?
x: 10 20 30 40 50
y: 22 23 27 28 30
a. 1.2
b. 0.15
c. 0.21
d. 0.8
36. Fit a straight line y=a+bx into the given data. Also estimate the production in the year
2000.
Year(x): 1966 1976 1986 1996 2006
Production in lbs(y): 10 12 13 16 17
a. 12.33
b. 14.96
c. 11.85
d. 18.67
37. Fit a straight line y=a+bx into the given data. What is the value of y when x=8 ?

x: 1 2 3 4 5 6
y: 20 21 22 23 24 25
a. 45.2
b. 26
c. 28
d. 37
38. If the normal equations for a straight line y=ax+b are 26=4a+6b and 34=6a+4b then fit
the above straight line.
a. y=5x-b
b. y=5x+b
c. y=x+5b
d. y=x-5b
39. Fit the curve y=ae^bx if their normal equations
are 13.1991=4a+10b and 30.7134=10a+30b .
(a) y = -0.4569e^4.4419x
(b) y=-404419e^0.4569
(c) y=4.4419e^-0.4569x
(d) y=1

40. In the least square method we use ____________ to find the value of unknowns.

a. Regression equations

b. Normal equations

c. General equations

d. Auxiliary equations
 Chap –II Random Variable MCQ

1. Let X be a random variable with probability distribution function

f (x) = 0.2 for |x|<1
= 0.1 for 1 < |x| < 4
= 0 otherwise
The probability P (0.5 < x < 5) is _____
a) 0.3
b) 0.5
c) 0.4
d) 0.8
2. The random variables X and Y have variances 0.2 and 0.5
respectively. Let Z= 5X-2Y. The variance of Z is?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 7
3. Which of the following mentioned standard Probability density
functions is applicable to discrete Random Variables?
a) Gaussian Distribution
b) Poisson Distribution
c) Rayleigh Distribution
d) Exponential Distribution
4. What is the area under a conditional Cumulative density function?
a) 0
b) Infinity
c) 1
d) Changes with CDF
5. If the values taken by a random variable are negative, the negative
values will have ___________
a) Positive probability
b) Negative Probability
c) May have negative or positive probabilities
d) Insufficient data
6. If f(x) is a probability density function of a continuous random
variable, then ∫∞−∞f(x)=?
a) 0
b) 1
c) Undefined
d) Insufficient data
7. The variable that assigns a real number value to an event in a
sample space is called ___________
a) Random variable
b) Defined variable
c) Uncertain variable
d) Static variable
8. A random variable that assumes a finite or a countably infinite
number of values is called ___________
a) Continuous random variable
b) Discrete random variable
c) Irregular random variable
d) Uncertain random variable
9. A random variable that assume a infinite or a uncountably infinite
number of values is called ___________
a) Continuous random variable
b) Discrete random variable
c) Irregular random variable
d) Uncertain random variable
10. If Σ P(x) = k^2 – 8 then, the value of k is?
a) 0
b) 1
c) 3
d) Insufficient data
11. If P(x) = 0.5 and x = 4, then E(x) = ?
a) 1
b) 0.5
c) 4
d) 2
12. In a discrete probability distribution, the sum of all probabilities is
always?
a) 0
b) Infinite
c) 1
d) Undefined
13. The expected value of a random variable is its ___________
a) Mean
b) Standard Deviation
c) Mean Deviation
d) Variance
14. The covariance of two independent random variable is
___________
a) 1
b) 0
c) – 1
d) Undefined
15.The weight of persons in a state is a ___________
a) Continuous random variable
b) Discrete random variable
c) Irregular random variable
d) Not a random variable
16. In random experiment, observations of random variable are
classified as ___________
a) Events
b) Composition
c) Trials
d) Functions
17. If the probability of hitting the target is 0.4, find mean and
variance.
a) 0.4, 0.24
b) 0.6, 0.24
c) 0.4, 0.16
d) 0.6, 0.16
18. If the probability that a bomb dropped from a place will strike the
target is 60% and if 10 bombs are dropped, find mean and variance?
a) 0.6, 0.24
b) 6, 2.4
c) 0.4, 0.16
d) 4, 1.6
19. What is the mean and variance for standard normal distribution?
a) Mean is 0 and variance is 1
b) Mean is 1 and variance is 0
c) Mean is 0 and variance is ∞
d) Mean is ∞ and variance is 0
20. The expectation of a random variable X(continuous or discrete) is
given by _________
a) ∑xf(x), ∫xf(x)dx
b) ∑x^2 f(x), ∫x^2 f(x)dx
c) ∑f(x), ∫f(x)dx
d) ∑xf(x^2), ∫xf(x^2)dx
21. Mean of a random variable X is given by _________
a) E(X)
b) E(X2)
c) E(X2) – (E(X))2
d) (E(X))2
22. Variance of a random variable X is given by _________
a) E(X)
b) E(X2)
c) E(X2) – (E(X)) ^2
d) (E(X)) ^2
23. Mean of a constant ‘a’ is ___________
a) 0
b) a
c) a/2
d) 1
24. Variance of a constant ‘a’ is _________
a) 0
b) a
c) a/2
d) 1
25. Find the mean and variance of X?

X 0 1 2 3 4
F(x) 1/9 2/9 3/9 2/9 1/9
a) 2, 4/3
b) 3, 4/3
c) 2, 2/3
d) 3, 2/3
26. Find the expectation of a random variable X?

X 0 1 2 3
F(x) 1/6 2/6 2/6 1/6
a) 0.5
b) 1.5
c) 2.5
d) 3.5
27. Find the expectation of a random variable X if f(x) = ke-x for x>0
and 0 otherwise.
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
28. Find the mean of a random variable X if f(x) = x – 5⁄2 for 0<x<1 and
2x for 1<x<2 and 0 otherwise.
a) 3.5
b) 3.75
c) 2.5
d) 2.75
29.Find the mean of a continuous random variable X if f(x) = 2e-x for
x>0 and -ex for x<0.
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
30. E(X) = npq is for which distribution?
a) Bernoulli’s
b) Binomial
c) Poisson’s
d) Normal
31. E(X) = λ or m is for which distribution?
a) Bernoulli’s
b) Binomial
c) Poisson’s
d) Normal
32. E(X) = μ and V(X) = σ2 is for which distribution?
a) Bernoulli’s
b) Binomial
c) Poisson’s
d) Normal
33. Two t-shirts are drawn at random in succession without
replacement from a drawer containing 5 red t-shirts and 8 white t-
shirts. Find the probabilities of all the possible outcomes.
a) 1
b) 13
c) 40
d) 346
34. A probability density function f(x) for the continuous random
variable X is denoted as _______
a) ∫ f(x)dx = ∞, -1<=x<=1
b) ∫ f(x)dx = 1, -∞<=x<=∞
c) ∫ f(x)dx = 0, -∞<=x<=∞
d) ∫ f(x+2)dx = .5, -∞<=x<=∞
35. Let X is denoted as the number of heads in three tosses of a coin.
Determine the mean and variance for the random variable X.
a) 4.8
b) 6
c) 3.2
d) 1.5
36. In a card game Reena wins 3 Rs. if she draws a king or a spade and
7 Rs. if a heart or a queen from an pack of 52 playing cards. If she pays
a certain amount of money each time she will lose the game. What
will be the amount so that the game will come out a fair game?
a) 15
b) 6
c) 23
d) 2
37. A 6-sided die is biased. Now, the numbers one to four are equally
likely to happen, but five and six is thrice as likely to land face up as
each of the other numbers. If X is the number shown on the
uppermost face, determine the expected value of X when 6 is shown
on the uppermost face.
a) 13/4
b) 3/5
c) 2/7
d) 21/87
38. A fair cubical die is thrown twice and their scores summed up. If
the sum of the scores of upper side faces by throwing two times a die
is an event. Find the Expected Value of that event.
a) 48
b) 76
c) 7
d) 132
39. The joint pdf of X and Y is f(x, y) = A x^3y^3, 0 ≤ x, y ≤ 2. The value
of A is
(a) 14
(b) 18
(c) 116
(d) 132
40. Data is taken on the height and shoe size of a sample of MIT
students. Height is coded
by 3 values: 1 (short), 2 (average), 3 (tall) and shoe size is coded by 3
values 1 (small), 2
(average), 3 (large). The joint counts are given in the following table.
Shoe \ Height 1 2 3
1 234 225 84
2 180 453 161
3 39 192 157
Let X be the coded shoe size and Y the height of a random person in
the sample.
(a) Find the joint and marginal pmf of X and Y .
(b) Are X and Y independent?
41. Let X and Y be two continuous random variables with joint pdf
f(x, y) = c x^2y(1 + y) for 0 ≤ x ≤ 3 and 0 ≤ y ≤ 3,
a. Find the value of c
b. Are X and Y independent?
42. The joint and marginal pmf’s of X and Y are partly given in
the following table.
X\Y 1 2 3 Total
1 1/6 0 ... 1/3
2 ... 1/4 ... 1/3
3 ... ... 1/4 ...
1/6 1/3 ... 1
(a) Complete the table.
(b) Are X and Y independent?
43. Let X and Y each have range {1, 2, 3, and 4}. The following
Formula gives their joint pmf
P(X = i, Y = j) = i + j / 80
Compute each of the following:
(a) P (X = Y).
(b) P (XY = 6).
(c) P(1 ≤ X ≤ 2, 2 < Y ≤ 4).
44. If (x,y) is a bivariate random variable with joint pmf
P(x,y) = x^2 + y^2 / 4 x= 0,1 & y = 0,1 then find p(y=1)
45. If (x,y) is a bivariate random variable with joint pmf
P(x,y) = 2k / x + y x= 0,1 & y = 1,2 then find k.
46. A b bivariate random variable is discrete if & only if
a. at least one of x & y descrete
b. x is discrete & y is finite
c. both x and y discrete
d. both x and y are finite
47. The joint and marginal pmf’s of X and Y are partly given in
P(X, Y) = 2x+3y/72 x= 0,1,2, y= 1,2,3
(a) Complete the table.
(b) Are X and Y independent?
48. If (x,y) is a bivariate random variable with joint pmf
P(x,y) = c ( x^2 + y^2) x= -1,1 & y = -2,2 then find c.
49. Two variable x & y if Pij = Pi * Pj then x and y is called as
a. dependent
b. independent
c. finite
d. infinite
50. The joint and marginal pmf’s of X and Y are partly given in
the following table.
X\Y 1 2
0 0.2 0.1
1 0.0 0.2
2 0.3 0.2 then p(x) is

a. 0
b. 1
c. 0.5
d. -1