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    Simple Harmonic Motion: Is SHM Sinusoidal Wave?

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    ضياء بن احمد الكباري
    This document discusses simple harmonic motion and whether it produces a sinusoidal wave. It defines simple harmonic motion as periodic motion where a physical quantity varies sinusoidally over time according to a sine wave function. An example is a mass on a spring system, where the restoring force is proportional to displacement. The differential equation relating acceleration and displacement for such a system always produces sinusoidal solutions for displacement, velocity, and acceleration over time. Therefore, simple harmonic motion produces a sinusoidal wave.

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    Simple Harmonic Motion: Is SHM Sinusoidal Wave?

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    ضياء بن احمد الكباري
    8 views5 pages
    This document discusses simple harmonic motion and whether it produces a sinusoidal wave. It defines simple harmonic motion as periodic motion where a physical quantity varies sinusoidally over time according to a sine wave function. An example is a mass on a spring system, where the restoring force is proportional to displacement. The differential equation relating acceleration and displacement for such a system always produces sinusoidal solutions for displacement, velocity, and acceleration over time. Therefore, simple harmonic motion produces a sinusoidal wave.

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    This document discusses simple harmonic motion and whether it produces a sinusoidal wave. It defines simple harmonic motion as periodic motion where a physical quantity varies sinusoidally over time according to a sine wave function. An example is a mass on a spring system, where the restoring force is proportional to displacement. The differential equation relating acceleration and displacement for such a system always produces sinusoidal solutions for displacement, velocity, and acceleration over time. Therefore, simple harmonic motion produces a sinusoidal wave.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views5 pages

    Simple Harmonic Motion: Is SHM Sinusoidal Wave?

    Uploaded by

    ضياء بن احمد الكباري
    This document discusses simple harmonic motion and whether it produces a sinusoidal wave. It defines simple harmonic motion as periodic motion where a physical quantity varies sinusoidally over time according to a sine wave function. An example is a mass on a spring system, where the restoring force is proportional to displacement. The differential equation relating acceleration and displacement for such a system always produces sinusoidal solutions for displacement, velocity, and acceleration over time. Therefore, simple harmonic motion produces a sinusoidal wave.

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    You are on page 1of 5

    11/11/2021 Simple Harmonic

    Motion
    Is SHM sinusoidal wave?

    Prepared by: Norah Al – Ghamedi.


    Simple Harmonic Motion
     Periodic Motion:
    One of the most important examples of periodic motion is Simple
    Harmonic Motion, in which some physical quantity varies sinusoidally.
    Suppose a function of time has the form of sine wave function:
    𝑦(𝑡) = 𝐴 sin(2𝜋𝑡⁄𝑇) = 𝐴 sin(2𝜋𝑓𝑡)

    where 𝐴 > 0 is the amplitude (maximum value). The function 𝑦(𝑡) varies
    between 𝐴 and −𝐴, since a sine function varies between +1 and −1. A
    graph of 𝑦(𝑡) vs. time is shown in figure 1 (with 𝐴 = 3 and 𝑇 = 𝜋).

    Figure 1 (sinusoidal function of time.)

     An example of a system that demonstrates simple harmonic


    motion is a spring system:
    If the mass-on-a-spring system were to be constructed and its motion were
    measured accurately, its x-t graph would be a near-perfect sine-wave
    shape, as shown in figure 2 (1). It is called a "sine wave" or "sinusoidal"
    even if it is a cosine, or a sine or cosine shifted by some arbitrary horizontal
    amount. It may not be surprising that it is a wiggle of this general sort, but
    why is it a specific mathematically perfect shape? Why is it not a sawtooth
    shape, like in (2); or some other shape, like in (3)? It is notable that a vast
    number of apparently unrelated vibrating systems show the same

    1|Page
    mathematical feature. A tuning fork, a sapling pulled to one side and
    released, a car bouncing on its shock absorbers, all these systems will
    exhibit sine-wave motion under one condition: the amplitude of the motion
    must be small.

    Figure 2 (different wave shapes)

    The key to understanding how an object vibrates is to know how the force
    on the object depends on the object's position. If a system follows Hooke's
    Law, the restoring force is proportional to the displacement. As touched on
    in previous sections, there exists a second order differential equation that
    relates acceleration and displacement.
    𝑑2𝑥
    𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚 2 = −𝑘𝑥
    𝑑𝑡
    When this general equation is solved for the position, velocity and
    acceleration as a function of time:
     𝑥(𝑡) = 𝐴 cos(𝜔𝑡 − 𝜑)
    𝑑𝑥
     𝑣(𝑡) = = −𝐴 ωsin(𝜔𝑡 − 𝜑)
    𝑑𝑡
    𝑑2𝑥
     𝑎(𝑡) = = −𝐴𝜔2 cos(𝜔𝑡 − 𝜑)
    𝑑𝑡 2

    2|Page
    These are all sinusoidal solutions. Consider a mass on a spring that has a
    small pen inside running across a moving strip of paper as it bounces,
    recording its movements.

    Figure 2 (mass on spring producing sine wave)

    The above equations can be rewritten in a form applicable to the variables


    for the mass on spring system in the figure.
     𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑋 cos(2𝜋𝑡⁄𝑇)
     𝑣(𝑡) = −𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 sin(2𝜋𝑡⁄𝑇)
    𝑘𝑋
     𝑎(𝑡) = − cos(2𝜋𝑡⁄𝑇)
    𝑚

    3|Page
     Conclusion:
     The solutions to the equations of motion of simple harmonic
    oscillators are always sinusoidal, i.e., sines and cosines.
     For simple harmonic oscillators, the equation of motion is always a
    second order differential equation that relates the acceleration and
    the displacement. The relevant variables are x, the displacement, and
    k, the spring constant.
     Solving the differential equation above always produces solutions
    that are sinusoidal in nature. For example, x(t), v(t), a(t), K(t), and
    U(t) all have sinusoidal solutions for simple harmonic motion.

    4|Page

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