Ubc 2018 September Herron Christopher

MAPPING THE CARBONATE ALTERATION FOOTPRINT OF THE CORTEZ HILLS CARLIN-TYPE
GOLD DEPOSIT, NEVADA USING CARBON-OXYGEN STABLE ISOTOPES, AND GEOCHEMISTRY

AS A VECTORING TOOL
by
Christopher Stephen Herron
MEarthSci with B.Sc., (Honours) Geology, The University of Edinburgh, 2014
A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF
MASTER OF SCIENCE
in
THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES
(Geological Sciences)
THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
(Vancouver)
April 2018
©Christopher Stephen Herron, 2018

Abstract
The Cortez Hills deposit is located along the Battle-Mountain Eureka Trend in North-Central Nevada
and is a world-class Carlin-type (CTD) gold deposit. Visible and cryptic alteration associated with mineraliza-
tion were used to define footprints, alteration haloes, mineralization targets and fluid pathways. Approxi-
mately 2,500 carbon and oxygen isotope analyses from a mm- to m-scale using core, chips, pulped rock and
surface samples together with geology and geochemistry provided an integrated dataset for evaluating fluid
transport and alteration in the Cortez Hills plumbing system.
The Cortez Hills plumbing system was described using calcite veins. Timing of calcite veins were
based on crosscutting relationships relative to alteration and mineralization events. Three main vein stag-
es were identified which includes ten vein types and two stylolite events. Cross-cutting relationships were
supported by vein physical characteristics to improve identification. Calcite veins at Cortez Hills have distinct
physical and chemical characteristics that can be identified with a variety of methods. Chemical characteris-
tics were used to understand the processes that formed veins. V2 veins associated with Carlin fluids could be
a significant fluid pathway contributing to the hydrothermal plumbing system. Calcite veins have the poten-
tial to be used as an exploration tool for Carlin systems.
Invisible alteration was described using carbon and oxygen stable isotopes, and Carlin pathfinder
elements (As, Au, Hg, Sb, and Tl) as a vectoring tool. Oxygen isotopes represented the most far-field detect-
able feature of CTDs and were used to define the cryptic carbonate alteration of Cortez Hills. Defining thresh-
olds for carbon and oxygen isotopes, and pathfinder elements were integral to map alteration haloes (lower
threshold), define mineralization targets (upper threshold) and map fluid flow pathways. Isotopes and path-
finder elements were described in order of greatest distance travelled outboard of economic gold orezones
and utilized as a vectoring tool for alteration and mineralization: 18O>As>Hg>Sb>Tl-13C>Au. The defined 18O
deposit footprint (lower threshold) was >3.5km and the pathfinder element alteration halo was 2.2km in size.
The defined 18O mineralization target (upper threshold) was 1km in width and 0.6km in height.
ii
Lay Summary
The metal gold is a major form of wealth exchanged, shared and stored by countries and financial
markets globally in addition to applications in electronics, jewellery and medicine. The discovery of giant gold
mineral deposits have drastically reduced in the previous 20 years. This has forced the mineral industry to
become smarter and increasingly efficient in time and capital at exploring and developing mineral deposits
that occur at greater depths. Gold mined from the ground in Nevada represents ~8% of the total annual gold
mined globally and in Nevada it dominantly originates from Carlin-type gold deposits. This thesis contributes
to developing tools and approaches at Cortez Hills in Nevada to aid the discovery and definition of Carlin-
type gold deposits. This thesis widens our perspective on how fluids that transport gold in the Earth’s upper
surface flows and the distances they travel to form giant gold deposits in Nevada.
iii
Preface
This thesis is part of the Mineral Deposit Research Unit (MDRU) Carbonate Alteration Footprint Ini-
tiative and MDRU project proposal V03122013v2. The thesis addresses three key objectives from the project
proposal. The initial project design and objectives were produced by Prof. Gregory Dipple, Prof. Kenneth
Hickey, Dr. Shaun Barker, Dr. Andreas Beinlich, and Dr. Craig Hart from MDRU, University of British Columbia
(UBC) and Dr. Jeremy Vaughan and Paul Dobak from Barrick Gold Corp. Exploration. The objectives were
subsequently changed and improved upon by the author and supervisor Prof. Gregory Dipple. Chapter 3 is
an additional objective outside the initial project design.
Contributions to this work include the Barrick Gold Corp. Exploration Group; Paul Dobak, Dr. Jeremy
Vaughan, Simon Griffiths, Dr. Francois Robert, Kevin Creel, Meghan Jackson, and Dr. Andrew Wurst. It also
includes support from the following Barrick geology groups; Cortez Hills Open Pit, Cortez Hills Underground,
and Cortez District Exploration.
The author is responsible for the collection of all field data and samples. The author is not responsi-
ble for the production of geological surface maps.
Samples were prepared and subsequently analyzed using an Olympus portable x-ray fluorescence
intrument, ultra-violet fluorescence, cold-cathode luminescence petrography, stable carbon and oxygen
isotope analysis at MDRU, UBC by the author. Polished thin sections for petrographic analysis were prepared
at Vancouver Petrographics Ltd. Four-acid and aqua regia digestion ICP-analysis on surface and selected pulp
samples were carried out at ALS Minerals, Vancouver. Geological cross-sections and modelling were pro-
duced using Leapfrog 3D Geo and data interpretation in IoGAS.
The author is not responsible for drill core and additional surface geochemistry and gold assay data.
This data was provided and is the property of Barrick Gold Corp. The author is not responsible for the inter-
preted and modelled faults and folds in the Cortez Hills geological model.
This research was presented to Barrick Gold Corp. Exploration at technical meetings from January
2015 to January 2018. Research was also presented at the Mineral Deposit Study Group, United Kingdom,
the AME Round-up conferences from January 2015 to January 2018. The author will present work in a techni-
cal presentation at the 2018 Resources for Future Generations Conference in Vancouver, Canada. Two journal
publications will be submitted based on research from this thesis.

iv
Table of Contents
Abstract...................................................................................................................................ii
Lay Summary......................................................................................................................... iii
Preface...................................................................................................................................iv
Table of Contents....................................................................................................................vi
List of Tables........................................................................................................................... x
List of Figures.........................................................................................................................xi
List of Abbreviations..............................................................................................................xv
Acknowledgements..............................................................................................................xvi
Chapter 1: Introduction and Geological Setting........................................................................1
1.1 Research Rationale............................................................................................................... .....1
1.2 Overview of Carlin-type deposits......................................................................................... .....3
1.3 Carbon and Oxygen Isotopes in Carbonates and Natural Waters......................................... .....5
1.4 Thesis Objectives and Structure........................................................................................... .....7
Chapter 2: Geology of the Cortez Hills Deposit.......................................................................10

2.1 Regional Geology of North-Central Nevada......................................................................... ...10
2.2 Location and Setting of the Cortez Hills Deposit.................................................................. ...12
2.3 Geology of the Cortez Hills Deposit...................................................................................... ...13
2.3.1 Geological Framework and Source of Geological Understanding............................. ...13
2.3.2 Upper Plate Sedimentary Rocks................................................................................ ...17
2.3.3 Lower Plate Sedimentary Rocks................................................................................ ...17
2.3.3.1 Cambrian Hamburg Dolomite Formation (Ch).............................................. ...17
2.3.3.2 Ordovician Eureka Quartzite Formation (Oe)................................................ ...17
2.3.3.3 Ordovician Hansen Creek Formation (Ohc)................................................... ...19
2.3.3.4 Silurian Roberts Mountains Formation (Srm)................................................ ...20
2.3.3.5 Devonian Wenban Formation (Dwb)............................................................. ...21
2.3.3.6 Devonian Horse Canyon Formation (Dhc)..................................................... ...21
2.3.4 Igneous Rocks .......................................................................................................... ...22
2.3.4.1 Jurassic Mill Canyon Stock (Jmc)................................................................... ...22
v
2.3.4.2 Cretaceous Quartz Monzonite Intrusions (Cqm) .......................................... ...23
2.3.4.3 Eocene Caetano Caldera Volcanics (Tvf, Tff, Tvc)........................................... ...23
2.3.4.4 Eocene Rhyolite Dikes (quartz porphyry- Eqp and feldspar porphyry Efp).......24
2.3.5 Eocene Pediment Sediments.................................................................................... ...24
2.3.6 Structural History of the Cortez Hills Deposit........................................................... ...25
2.3.6.1 Compressional Tectonic Regime.................................................................... ...25
2.3.6.2 Extensional Tectonic Regime......................................................................... ...25
2.3.7 Mineralization and Alteration of the Cortez Hills Deposit........................................ ...26
2.3.7.1 Bi-Te and Ag Mineralization.......................................................................... ...28
2.3.7.2 Cortez Hills Breccia Zone............................................................................... ...29
2.3.7.3 Cortez Hills Middle and Lower Zone.............................................................. ...29
2.3.7.4 Breccia Types at Cortez Hills.......................................................................... ...30
2.3.7.5 Alteration at Cortez Hills............................................................................... ...30
2.3.7.6 Gold Mineralization and Timing of Deposition.............................................. ...33
Chapter 3: Describing the Cortez Hills Plumbing System Using Calcite Veins...........................35
3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... ...35
3.1.1 Microstructure Terminology..................................................................................... ...36
3.1.2 Study Objectives....................................................................................................... ...38
3.2 Methodology........................................................................................................................ ...38
3.2.1 Sampling Strategy..................................................................................................... ...38
3.2.2 Ultra-Violet Fluorescence......................................................................................... ...40
3.2.3 Cold Cathode-Luminescence Petrography................................................................ ...40
3.2.4 Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis....................................................................... ...40
3.2.5 13C and 18O Isotope Analysis...................................................................................... ...41
3.3 Results.................................................................................................................................. ...41
3.3.1 Timing and Nature of Veins at Cortez Hills ............................................................... ...41
3.3.1.1 Early Veins and Stylolites (S1)....................................................................... ...45
3.3.1.2 V1 stage veins................................................................................................ ...45
3.3.1.3 Contact Metamorphism................................................................................ ...48
3.3.1.4 Late Stylolites (S2) ........................................................................................ ...50
vi
3.3.1.5 V2 and V2s stage veins.................................................................................. ...51
3.3.1.6 V3 stage veins................................................................................................ ...55
3.3.1.7 Vein Ultra-Violet Fluorescence Response...................................................... ...58
3.3.1.8 Vein Cathodoluminescence Response.......................................................... ...59
3.3.2 Vein (Fluid) Chemistry .............................................................................................. ...62
3.3.2.1 Portable X-ray Fluorescence Concentrations ................................................ ...62
3.3.2.2 13C and 18O Isotope Compositions................................................................. ...66
3.4 Discussion............................................................................................................................. ...77
3.4.1 Vein Formation......................................................................................................... ...77
3.4.1.1 V1 Pre-Carlin Veins........................................................................................ ...77
3.4.1.2 V2 and V2s Carlin Veins ................................................................................ ...77
3.4.1.3 V3 Post-Carlin Veins...................................................................................... ...79
3.4.1.4 Stylolites (S1 & S2) and Dissolution Seams................................................... ...80
3.4.2 Vein (Fluid) Chemistry at Cortez Hills........................................................................ ...80
3.4.2.1 Fluid 13C and 18O Isotope Signatures.............................................................. ...83
3.5 Conclusions.......................................................................................................................... ...84
Chapter 4: Defining the Cortez Hills Carbonate Alteration Footprint Using Carbon-Oxygen
Stable Isotopes and Pathfinder Elements as a Vectoring Tool.................................................88
4.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... ...88
4.1.1 Previous Carbonate Alteration Studies of Carlin-Type Gold Deposits..........................90
4.1.2 Study Objectives ...................................................................................................... ...95
4.2 Methodology ....................................................................................................................... ...95
4.2.1 Sampling Strategy..................................................................................................... ...95
4.2.2 Pulp Heterogeneity................................................................................................... ...96
4.2.3 Aqua Regia Vs. Four-Acid Digestion.......................................................................... ...96
4.2.4 Defining Isotope and Pathfinder Element Thresholds.............................................. .100
4.3 Results.................................................................................................................................. .101
4.3.1 Comparison of Cortez Hills 13C – 18O Compositions with other Carlin-type
Deposits ............................................................................................................................ .102
4.3.2 Size and Extent of Cortez Hills Carbonate Alteration Footprint................................ .102
vii
4.3.3 Defining Fluid Flow Pathways and Targeting Mineralization..................................... .107
4.3.3.1. Cross Sections.............................................................................................. .107
4.3.3.2 Drill Hole Compilations................................................................................. .117
4.3.4 Formation and Lithology........................................................................................... .127
4.3.5 Contact Metamorphism and Defining a Metamorphic Aureole............................... .130
4.3.6 Oxidizing Fluids and Organic Material...................................................................... .134
4.3.7 Calcite and Dolomite 13C – 18O Compositions ........................................................... .136
4.3.8 Effects of Diagenesis on 13C – 18O Compositions ...................................................... .136
4.4 Discussion............................................................................................................................. .138
4.4.1 Vectoring Using Fluid-Reaction Fronts ..................................................................... .138
4.4.2 Scale of Carbonate Alteration................................................................................... .139
4.4.3 Reconstructing Fluid Flow and Identifying Major Structures.................................... .142
4.4.4 Fluid Isotope Signatures............................................................................................ .145
4.5 Conclusions.......................................................................................................................... .146
Chapter 5: Summary, Exploration Implications, Future Research......................................... .149

5.1 Summary ............................................................................................................................. .149
5.2 Exploration and Scientific Implications................................................................................. .149
5.2.1 Using Calcite Veins to Explore for Carlin Gold Systems............................................. .149
5.2.2 Defining the Carbonate Alteration Footprint and Vectoring Potential for Carlin
Gold Systems ..................................................................................................................... .150
5.2.3 Definition and Reconstruction of Fluid Flow Pathways............................................. .151
5.2.4 Fluid Isotope Composition and Signatures............................................................... .152
5.3 Sampling Protocols and Guidelines to Utilize 13C—18O Isotopes and Geochemistry to Exp-
loration for Carlin Gold Systems................................................................................................. .154
5.4 Future Research.................................................................................................................... .155
References......................................................................................................................... .158
Appendices........................................................................................................................ .178
Appendix A: Sample Database................................................................................................... .179
A1: Core Samples............................................................................................................... .179
A2: Surface Samples.......................................................................................................... .189
viii
Appendix B: Petrography and Luminescence ............................................................................ .195
B1: Surface Sections .......................................................................................................... .195
B2: Core Sections .............................................................................................................. .197
B3: Cold Cathodoluminescence ........................................................................................ .207
B4: Ultra-violet Fluorescence ............................................................................................ .209
B5: Vein Rose-Diagram ...................................................................................................... .210
Appendix C: Portable X-ray Fluorescence Geochemistry............................................................ .211
C1: Wall rock and Vein Results .......................................................................................... .211
Appendix D: 13C and 18O Isotope Results.................................................................................... .226
D1. Surface Hand Samples (micro-drilled) ........................................................................ .226
D2. Core Samples (micro-drilled) ...................................................................................... .226
D3. Pulped Rock Samples .................................................................................................. .240
D4. Reverse Circulation Chip Samples ............................................................................... .390
D5. Geology, Geochemistry and Isotope Drill hole Compilations ..................................... .399
Appendix E. Investigating Sampling Error; Heterogeneity of Pulped Rock Samples....................435
E1. Report.......................................................................................................................... .435
E2.13C and 18O Isotope Results........................................................................................... .443
Appendix F. Aqua Regia Versus Four Acid-Digestion Study........................................................ .444
F1. Report.......................................................................................................................... .435
F2. Geochemistry Results.................................................................................................. .450
Appendix G. Defining Isotope and Pathfinder Element Thresholds........................................... .471
G1. Report.......................................................................................................................... .471
G2. Geochemistry (Pathfinder Element) Results............................................................... .491
ix
List of Tables
Table 1. Vein stages and brecciation physical characteristics from core-logging, petrography, UV fluo-
rescence and CL petrography.................................................................................................................. ...44
Table 2. Vein stage ultra-violet fluorescence response. ......................................................................... ...59
Table 3. Vein stage cold-cathode luminescence response...................................................................... ...62
Table 4. Chemical ranges for each vein stage identified via cross-cutting relationships
andphysical characteristics...................................................................................................................... ...64
Table 5. Vein stage 13C and 18O compositions.......................................................................................... ...67

Table 6. δ18O composition of magmatic calcite....................................................................................... ...84
Table 7. Complimentary information on the drill holes sampled for pulped rock within this research
project and locations are displayed in the map in Fig. 4.2...................................................................... ..99
Table 8. Statistical grouping for each element analyzed for aqua regia versus four-acid digestion.........100
Table 9. Carlin pathfinder element and carbon-oxygen isotope thresholds........................................... .101
x
List of Figures
Figure 1.1. Location map of known trends (red bars) and clusters of Carlin-type deposits in Nevada
with the Cortez Hills deposit labelled. .................................................................................................... .....3
Figure 1.2. Schematic 2D representation of sample collection strategy to define the carbonate altera-
tion footprint and map fluid flow pathways at Cortez Hills..................................................................... .....9
Figure 2.1. Location of all known deposits in the Cortez District that are the sites of past and present
mining activity. Pipeline Complex and Cortez Hills are active mines....................................................... ...12
Figure 2.2. Geological map of the Cortez Hills District............................................................................ ...14
Figure 2.3. Generalized stratigraphic sequence of the local Cortez Hills area with the location of min-
eralization within the sequence.............................................................................................................. ...15
Figure 2.4. Cross section across the majority of the Cortez Hills deposit (28600N) highlighting the
three orezones, stratigraphy, and low and high angle structures........................................................... ...16
Figure 2.5. Cambrian Hamburg Dolomite, Ordovician Eureka Quartzite and Ordovician Hansen Creek
Formation lithologies.............................................................................................................................. ...18
Figure 2.6. Silurian Roberts Mountain and Devonian Wenban Formation lithologies...............................20
Figure 2.7. Devonian Horse Canyon Formation lithologies..................................................................... ...22
Figure 2.8. Igneous lithologies................................................................................................................ ...23
Figure 2.9. Mineral paragenesis for Carlin-Type deposits based on the Getchell deposit, modified
from Cline et al. (2005)............................................................................................................................ ...27
Figure 2.10. Mineral paragenesis on the Cortez Hills Breccia Zone (BZ) with the estimated timing of
collapse brecciation, modified from Maroun et al. (2017)...................................................................... ...28
Figure 2.11. Timing of alteration versus brecciation modified from Jackson (2010).............................. ...31
Figure 3.1. Schematic diagram for vein characteristics using terminology from references used
throughout this chapter........................................................................................................................... ...37
Figure 3.2. Cortez Hill Map for core sampling drill holes and surface sampling areas...............................39
Figure 3.3. Event paragenesis at Cortez Hills determined using core-logging and petrography................42
Figure 3.4. Calcite vein stage cross-cutting relationships........................................................................ ...43
Figure 3.5. V1 stage veins........................................................................................................................ ...46
xi
Figure 3.6. V1 stage veins........................................................................................................................ ...47
Figure 3.7. Contact metamorphism and bleaching................................................................................. ...49
Figure 3.8. V2s stage veins and sulfidation............................................................................................. ...52
Figure 3.9. V2 stage veins and sulfidation............................................................................................... ...53
Figure 3.10. V3 vein stage relationships.................................................................................................. ...56
Figure 3.11. V3 surface veins.................................................................................................................. ...57
Figure 3.12. Ultra-violet shortwave fluorescence of surface hand and core samples across all three
orezones.................................................................................................................................................. ...60
Figure 3.13. Ultra-violet shortwave fluorescence of core samples across all three orezones....................61
Figure 3.14. Cathode-luminescence microscopy of four vein stages...................................................... ...63
Figure 3.15. Vein chemical compositions. X-Y scatterplots to display relationships between vein stages
and element concentrations obtained using the pXRF............................................................................ ...65
Figure 3.16. Schematic diagrams displaying the 18O evolution of a vein that represents the fluid
through time and distance and fluid-rock interaction............................................................................. ...66
Figure 3.17. Vein isotope compositions.................................................................................................. ...69
Figure 3.18. Vein (fluid)-wall rock interactions. 13C and 18O micro-drill spot results for selected V1 vein
stages to investigate fluid chemistry........................................................................................................ ...70
Figure 3.19. Vein (fluid)-wall rock interactions. 13C and 18O micro-drill spot results for selected meta-
morphosed rock samples to investigate fluid chemistry......................................................................... ...70
Figure 3.20. Vein (fluid)-wall rock interactions. 13C and 18O micro-drill spot results for selected V2, V2s,
V2+V3, V3 vein stage rock samples......................................................................................................... ...71
Figure 3.21. Vein (fluid)-wall rock interactions. 13C and 18O micro-drill spot results for selected surface
V3, V3 laminated and V3 brecciated veins to investigate fluid chemistry.............................................. ...72
Figure 3.22. Vein chemical and isotopic compositions. X-Y scatterplots to display relationships bet-
ween δ18O and δ13C versus As and Mn obtained using the pXRF............................................................. ...73
Figure 3.23. Vein heterogeneity. 13C and 18O micro-drill spot results of multiple spot analyses to invest-
igate variation in fluid chemistry............................................................................................................. ...74
Figure 3.24. Vein (fluid)-wall rock interactions. X-Y scatterplots of 13C and 18O vein-wall rock pairs for
deposit core samples............................................................................................................................... ...76
Figure 3.25. Calcite vein stage cross-cutting relationships with vein (fluid) chemistry..............................78
xii
Figure 3.26. Potential formation and growth of a V2s vein associated with Carlin-type mineralization
and alteration exploiting an earlier V1 vein............................................................................................ ...79
Figure 3.27. Interpretative diagram for fluids and structural regimes required for vein formation, and
the geological events that created these conditions............................................................................... ...81
Figure 3.28. Carbon and oxygen isotope signatures of fluid sources at Cortez Hills............................... ...85
Figure 3.29. Rock versus fluid buffering in V3 veins................................................................................ ...86
Figure 4.1. Map covering the majority of the Cortez District. Highlighted areas sampled to define
background, anomalous and highly anomalous thresholds for 13C-18O isotopes and pathfinder
elements (As, Au, Hg, Sb, Tl)................................................................................................................... ..97
Figure 4.2. Simplistic map of Cortez Hills deposit with pulp sampling transects for this study and a
previous study (Perrin, 2012). Drill hole locations are on the map......................................................... ..98
Figure 4.3. Regional map of Nevada....................................................................................................... .103
Figure 4.4. Box and whisker plots for carbon and oxygen statistics for Cortez Hills, Goldstrike, Long
Canyon and Pipeline CTDs....................................................................................................................... .103
Figure 4.5. X-Y scatter plots of carbon and oxygen isotope data collected in this thesis at Cortez Hills
and previous studies at Goldstrike (Vaughan, 2013), Long Canyon (Lepore, 2013) and Pipeline
(Ahmed, 2010) CTDs................................................................................................................................ .104
Figure 4.6. Conceptual diagram to explain box and whisker plots of 18O, As, Hg, Sb, Tl drill holes along
a long-section as a function of distance from an orezone (metres)........................................................ .105
Figure 4.7. Box and whisker plots of 18O, As, Hg, Sb, Tl drill holes along the NW-SE sampling long-
section as a function of distance from Lower Zone (metres). Definition of carbonate alteration
footprint using the lower (background) threshold.................................................................................. .106
Figure 4.8. Box and whisker plots of 18O, As, Hg, Sb, Tl drill holes along the 28600N cross-section as a
function of distance from Lower, Middle and Breccia Zones (metres). Definition of carbonate alter-
ation footprint using the lower (background) threshold......................................................................... .108
Figure 4.9. NW-SE long section displaying geology and alteration haloes surrounding mineralization...109
Figure 4.10. Cross-section of 33000N displaying geology and alteration haloes surrounding
mineralization.......................................................................................................................................... .111
xiii
mineralization.......................................................................................................................................... .112
mineralization.......................................................................................................................................... .113
mineralization.......................................................................................................................................... .114
Figure 4.14. Conceptual diagram to display down hole trends of 18O compositions and the pathfinder
elements in a channelized flow regime................................................................................................... .118
Figure 4.15. Drill hole (CH06-015) geology, isotope and geochemistry compilation...............................119
Figure 4.19. Drill hole (DC-063) geology, isotope and geochemistry compilation.................................. .123
Figure 4.20. Drill hole (DC-234) geology, isotope and geochemistry compilation.................................. .124
Figure 4.21. Drill hole (DC-247) geology, isotope and geochemistry compilation. ................................ .125
Figure 4.23. Box and whisker plots to display 13C and 18O pulped rock data as a function of logged
formation................................................................................................................................................. .128
Figure 4.24. Box and whisker plots to display 13C and 18O pulped rock data as a function of logged
subunit.................................................................................................................................................... .128
Figure 4.25. Box and whisker plots to display 13C and 18O pulped rock data as a function of lithology... .129
Figure 4.26. X-Y scatter plots of 13C and 18O compositions to describe the influence of contact
metamorphism........................................................................................................................................ .132
Figure 4.27. Box and whisker plots to display drill hole distance relative to the Jurassic Mill Canyon
Stock for 13C and 18O pulped rock data.................................................................................................... .133
Figure 4.28. Influence of oxidation on the 13C and 18O compositions of pulped rock...............................135
Figure 4.29. Fluid-reaction front and side model down a drill hole with distance travelled....................138
Figure 4.30. Scale of background versus highly anomalous thresholds.................................................. .140
Figure 4.31. Cortez Hills carbonate alteration model. Integration of fluid-reaction front model,
thresholds used and scale of alteration.................................................................................................. .141
Figure 4.32. Cortez Hills fluid transport model....................................................................................... .143
xiv
List of Abbreviations
BZ: Breccia Zone
Ch Fm.: Cambrian Hamburg Dolomite
CL: cathode-luminescence
CTD: Carlin-type deposit
Dhc Fm.: Devonian Horse Canyon Formation
Dwb Fm.: Devonian Wenban Formation
Jmc.: Jurassic Mill Canyon Stock
LZ: Lower Zone
LLZ: Lower Lower Zone
MZ: Middle Zone
Oe Fm.: Ordovician Eureka Formation
Ohc Fm. Ordovician Hansen Creek Formation
PPL: plane polarized light
pXRF: portable X-ray fluorescence
RFL: reflected light
Srm Fm.: Silurian Roberts Mountain Formation
UV: ultra violet
XPL: cross polarized light
xv
Acknowledgements
First and foremost I would like to thank my family especially my Mum who has always been the ma-
jor pillar and support throughout my M.Sc. and my life. Secondly I thank Sara who has been the major pillar
and support in Canada.
Thanks to Greg Dipple (supervisor) for his patience, guidance, knowledge and support throughout
the project including random pieces of fruit during meetings. Thanks to Ken Hickey for your guidance and
support, including your amateur banter. Thanks to Andreas Beinlich for support and guidance throughout
but especially during the early stages when all things from veins to running isotope analyzes were discussed.
Thanks to Craig Hart for feedback and serving on my supervisory committee. Thanks to Shaun Barker for
feedback and discussions, and insight into fluid flow. Thanks to Peter Winterburn for support in portable XRF
analysis, and thanks to Olympus for providing the instrument via the Exploration Geochemistry Initiative.
The application of this thesis has been exciting and standard has improved due to the continued
support, guidance and feedback from Paul Dobak and Jeremy Vaughan of Barrick Gold Corp. Support and
feedback from Paul and Jeremy to test and improve this approach at Cortez Hills and in the Yukon has been
a massive learning experience. Financial and logistical support was a major influence on this project because
sample collection was large and diverse across a district scale and included support from different produc-
tion and exploration groups. Thanks to Roger, Josh, Josh, Melissa, Brian, Celine and Gene who welcomed
me in my first summer at Cortez, taught me all they knew about the area and answered my many questions.
Thanks to Kyle and Eric, who are both important sources of wisdom and motivators of curiosity in science
and geology. Kyle your passion, enthusiasm and curiosity is contagious. Thanks to Trent for discussing, pro-
viding knowledge and feedback on all things Nevada and Cortez related.
Thanks to the SEG Student Grant Program, SEG Canada Research Fellowship Grant, SRK Consulting
Scholarship Program and the Geological Society of Nevada for additional financial support towards field
costs, tuition fees, research funds, travel expenses and opportunities to attend conferences.
Thanks to my friends, for your support and enduring my sarcasm.
Finally, thanks to the mountains, without you and those many days on trails, in the backcountry and
bushwhacking, finishing this thesis would not have been possible. Those days were made even better with
Carson, Cooper and friends.

xvi
Chapter 1: Introduction and Geological Setting
1.1 Research Rationale
The discovery of giant >10 Moz gold mineral deposits have drastically reduced in the previous 20
years. Mineral deposit discovery peaked in 2006 with 150 discoveries and expenditure peaked in 2012 at $34
billion, and subsequently decreased to $10 billion in 2016 (Schodde, 2017). This has forced the mineral indus-
try to become smarter and increasingly efficient (in time and capital) at exploring and developing mineral
deposits that occur at greater depths. Becoming smarter and increasingly efficient has advanced research in
academia and industry into mineral systems, deposit footprints and vectoring tools to improve targeting suc-
cess on different scales using geology, geochemistry and geophysics (Wyborn et al. 1994; McCuaig and Hron-
sky, 2014; Kyser et al. 2015; Agnew, 2017; Lesher et al. 2017; McCuaig and Sherlock, 2017). Far-field features
of mineral deposits (mineralogy, geochemistry, and biology) have become a common focus of the remote
detection of mineralization in exploration. Application of far-field features enhance our understanding of how
hydrothermal fluids produce these features and the greatest mappable expression of a deposit (footprint)
(Kelley et al. 2006; Cohen et al. 2010; Lesher et al. 2017). Hydrothermal fluids that produce mineralization
are transported through, and react with, the surrounding rock which produces an exchange of heat but also
matter into and out of the rock. This exchange alters the rock permanently changing from its original com-
position and mineralogy to a new one. This change can be measured qualitatively and quantitatively using
a number of analytical methods such as element abundances, modal mineralogy, isotope variation, fluid
inclusion studies, and petrography.
Movement of a hydrothermal fluid through a carbonate rock leads to visible and invisible or cryptic
alteration. Investigation of visible alteration includes core-logging and mapping rocks on the macroscopic
scale and detailed petrographic work on the microscopic scale using a variety of analytical techniques. Invisi-
ble alteration is investigated using carbon and oxygen isotope compositions, and geochemical composition of
the carbonate rock. Visible and invisible alteration provides insight into the type of fluid that flowed through
the rock and the distance that it was transported when investigating carbonate rocks on a km to 10s of km
scale near a carbonate-hosted hydrothermal system.
The use of isotopes has become an important tool in exploration and targeting of mineral systems
to identify fluid sources, constrain ages of mineralization, define deposit footprints and as a vectoring tool
(Kyser, Barr, and Ihlenfeld, 2015; Agnew, 2017). Carbon and oyxgen stable isotopes have been studied in a
1
variety of deposit-types: carbonate hosted Pb-Zn skarn deposits (Naito et al. 1995; Escalante, 2008), MVT de-
posits (Cook, 2016), CTDs in the Yukon (Tucker, 2015), sedex deposits (Large et al. 2011), VMS deposits (Miller
et al. 2001), epithermal (Faure et al. 2002; Shikazono, 2002; Boucher, 2016), orogenic gold (Stock, 2012; Allan
et al. 2014; Gruffd, 2014), porphyry (Pass et al. 2014) and other higher temperature carbonate replacement
deposits (Freihauf and Pareja, 1998; Vazquez et al. 1998). Previous studies of carbonate-hosted deposits
using 13C and 18O isotopes have used small datasets over a large area to understand the fluid flow pathways
and alteration haloes (Taylor, 1974; Radkte et al. 1980; Arehart and Donelick, 2006). Recent research in CTDs
has initiated large-scale studies of 100s to 1000s of isotope and geochemistry samples to increase our un-
derstanding of alteration and fluid transport in CTDs, and these studies can be applied in mineral exploration
(Ahmed, 2010; Vaughan, 2013; Perrin, 2013; Lepore, 2013; Cook, 2016). Ahmed (2010) focused on defining
the fluid pathways of the Pipeline Deposit, Cortez District, along the Battle Mountain-Eureka Trend using a
sample suite of 214. Vaughan (2013) defined the fluid pathways and footprint of the Betze-Post and Banshee
Deposits, Goldstrike, along the Carlin-Trend using a sample suite of 1578, but was not able to step out from
the isotope alteration halo. Perrin (2013) studied the Cortez Hills Deposit, Cortez District, along the Battle
Mountain-Eureka Trend on a small-scale study using a sample suite of 336 likewise did not achieve sampling
outside the deposit alteration footprint. Lepore (2013) focused on defining fluid pathways and alteration
haloes of the Long Canyon Deposit, Long Canyon Trend. A sample suite of 2569 was used and mapped clear
fluid pathways and a tight alteration halo around Long Canyon.
This thesis integrates 2066 isotope analyses and 336 additional isotope analyses (Perrin, 2012) from
mm- to m-scale in core (n=153), RC-chips (n=110), pulped rock (n=1589) and surface hand (n=156) samples
with geology and geochemistry. Prior to this bulk analysis, a pulp heterogeneity test (n=58) was carried out.
The ability to apply large-scale isotope (~2500 samples) and geochemistry datasets is aided by the develop-
ment of off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) which is an alternative to other methods of
stable isotope mass spectrometry. Use of OA-ICOS is advantageous compared to previous methods due to
the “low initial capital cost, low power consumption, benchtop size, lack of high-vacuum system, no require-
ment for high-purity gases, relatively simple operation” (Barker et al. 2011). In addition, it has the ability to
analyze high sulfide content carbonates with no interference from hydrogen sulfide gas produced during the
acid digestion (Beinlich et al. 2017).
2
1.2 Overview of Carlin-type deposits
Carlin-type gold deposits (CTDs) are disseminated carbonate-hosted gold deposits that are dom-
inantly confined to Nevada, USA where they were first defined (Hardie, 1966). Nevada is the leading gold
producer in the USA, the fourth largest gold producer in the world and contributed 6.5% to world gold pro-
duction in 2012 (Davis and Muntean, 2014). Carlin-type deposits occur along trends (Battle Mountain-Eureka,
Carlin, and Getchell) or in clusters (Jerritt Canyon and Alligator Ridge) (Fig. 1.1). Mineral deposits with similar
geology and characteristics have been described elsewhere in the world and are referred as “Carlin-like” de-
posits; Canada (Yukon); and in southern China (West Qinling belt and Dian-Qian-Gui area) (Cline et al. 2005;
Tucker, 2015). Carlin-type deposits in Nevada commonly occur as epigenetic, sediment-hosted, disseminat-
ed, replacement, auriferous pyrite deposits that are hosted in carbonate rocks that were decarbonatized
Battle-Mt.
Eureka Trend
Figure 1.1 Location map of known trends (red bars) and clusters of
Carlin-type deposits in Nevada with the Cortez Hills deposit labelled.
The Sr 0.706 isopleth and three types of underlying crust are displayed.
3
during hydrothermal alteration (Cline et al. 2005), from ~42-37 Ma (Henry and Boden, 1998; Ressel et al.
2000; Tretbar et al. 2000; Arehart et al. 2003). The characteristics of CTDs in Nevada are listed below.
• Host rocks are Devonian-Silurian slope-basin facies carbonate sedimentary rocks. The
districts dominantly host mineralization in “Lower Plate” rocks of the Roberts Mountains
Thrust. Upper Plate rocks are more siliclastic in nature and rarely host mineralization
(Cook and Corboy, 2004; Cline et al. 2005). Mineralization trends (Battle Mountain-Eure-
ka, Carlin and Getchell) occur in areas where the basement is Archaean crust or Paleop-
roterozoic and Archaean transitional crust (Cline et al. 2005), and form as a consequence
of Neoproterozoic basement structures that have been reactivated on the edge of the
Paleozoic continental margin (Roberts, 1966; Tosdal et al. 2000; Grauch et al. 2003).
• Jurassic or Cretaceous plutonic stocks are proximal to well-endowed Carlin-type gold
districts (northern Carlin trend, Getchell, Pipeline-Cortez). The deposits commonly occur
along the margins of these plutons (Cline et al. 2005).
• Characteristics of the ore-stage fluids are: low temperatures (~ 180 –240°C), low salinity
(~2-3 wt % NaCl equivalent), CO2 bearing (<4 mol %), low CH4 (<0.4 mol %) and moderate
H2S (10-1-10-2 mols), moderately acidic (pH ≈ 5) and they form at shallow crustal depths of
≤ 3 km (Hofstra and Cline, 2000; Cline et al. 2005). Ore-stage fluids may also contain As,
Sb, Hg, Tl, Te, Cu and W (Hofstra and Cline, 2000; Cline et al. 2005; Barker et al. 2009).
• Source of gold-bearing fluids and a genetic model remains undetermined. The two pro-
posed genetic models are: magmatic or amagmatic (meteoric or metamorphic waters)
(Cline et al. 2005; Muntean et al. 2011).
• Gold occurs in solid solution or as submicron particles in disseminated pyrite or mar-
casite (Cline et al. 2005), and less commonly as free gold in upper, supergene oxidized
parts of some CTDs (Bettles, 2002). Formation of ore-stage pyrite is thought to occur as
cooling ore-fluids become increasingly acidic and initiate sulfidation of Fe-silicate and
Fe-carbonate minerals (Hofstra et al. 1991; Fortuna et al. 2003). Ore-stage pyrite may
form bisulfide-complexed metals with gold such as those mentioned in the third charac-
teristic above (Hofstra et al. 1991; Fortuna et al. 2003; Barker et al. 2009). Gold can be
4
precipitated during several ore-forming events, as documented at West Banshee, Gold-
strike Mine on the Carlin trend and at Turquoise Ridge in the Getchell District (Barker et
al. 2009).
• Alteration associated with Carlin-type deposits are decarbonatization of carbonates; sul-
fidation of ferroan minerals; argillization of silicate minerals; and silicification or forma-
tion of jasperoids (Arehart, 1996; Hofstra and Cline, 2000). Contact metamorphism is a
common alteration event outside of primary Carlin-type alteration events due to proxi-
mal Jurassic or Cretaceous plutonic stocks. Timing of metamorphism may vary relative to
Carlin-type alteration. The deposits may have also experienced supergene mineralization
during post-ore oxidation due to Eocene uplift and infiltration of meteoric waters (Cline
et al. 2005).
• Mineralization commonly occurs as arsenopyrite, realgar, cinnabar, and orpiment. (Hof-
stra and Cline, 2000; Cline et al. 2005). Controls on mineralization are structural and
stratigraphic, with the former being the dominant control. High-angle northwest and
northeast structures control mineralization and to a lesser degree local low-angle normal
faults and low-angle thrust faults (Cline et al. 2005). Stratigraphic controls such as the
porosity and permeability of the carbonate sedimentary rocks is important to aid sulfida-
tion and for the movement of high fluid fluxes.
1.3 Carbon and Oxygen Isotopes in Carbonates and Natural Waters
An isotope is where atoms of nuclei have the same number of protons but a different number of
neutrons. Oxygen and carbon have stable isotopes where there is an enrichment or depletion in specific
isotopes due to chemical reactions during changes in environmental conditions and processes. This is in con-
trast to radioactive isotopes (e.g. U-Pb, Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd systems) where there is spontaneous decay of unstable
atoms from the nuclei to form radiogenic daughter atoms (Faure and Mensing, 2005).
Oxygen has three stable isotopes in order of abundance: 16O = 99.673 %; 17O = 0.0375 %; 18O = 0.1995
%. Carbon has two stable isotopes: 12C = 98.89 %; 13C = 1.11 %. The isotopic composition of a given materi-
al is expressed as the ratio R which is the abundance of heavy isotopes over lighter isotopes (Eq. 1.1). δ is
a relative deviation from a standard, expressed as the number of parts per mil (‰) (Eq. 1.2) and is always
5
reported relative to the heavy isotope (Allegre, 2008). If the measured δ of isotopes in a sample are posi-
tive; the sample is enriched in the heavy isotope relative to the standard. If the measured δ of the isotopes
in a sample are negative; the sample is poorer in the heavy isotope relative to the standard (Allegre, 2008).
The isotopic composition of a material can be measured via gas source mass spectrometry or by a recently
developed off-axis integrated spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) laser absorption technique using CO2 gas (Barker et al.
2011). The measured isotope compositions of calcium carbonate minerals and rocks are reported relative to
the Vienna Peedee Belemnite (V-PDB) for δ13C and Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (V-SMOW) for δ18O
(Coplen, 1994).
(Eq. 1.1)
(Eq. 1.2)
Isotopic fractionation is an important natural phenomenon in minerals and rocks. The extent of frac-
tionation is controlled by the difference in mass between two stable isotopes and the environmental condi-
tions the chemical reaction is occurring in (Faure and Mensing, 2005). Isotopic fractionation under equilibri-
um conditions can be quantitatively described utilizing the fractionation factor (α). The fractionation factor is
a measure of the magnitude of fractionation in a sample and describes the extent of isotopic separation and
partitioning. Temperature, pressure, mineral composition and fluid composition control the fractionation
factor however temperature is the most important variable (Chacko and Deines; Allegre, 2008).
Isotopic fractionation occurs via two primary mechanisms: mass-dependent effects and mass-inde-
pendent effects. Mass-independent effects include the influence of the nuclear properties such as nuclear
field shift and magnetic isotopes. Mass-dependent effects are the influence of physico-chemical parameters
such as equilibrium and kinetic (non-equilibrium) effects.
Equilibrium fractionation occurs due to different rotational and vibrational frequencies of molecules
(Allegre, 2008). In carbonate minerals, the fractionation behavior is dominantly controlled by the vibrational
characteristics of the CO32- anion (Chacko and Deines, 2008). Equilibrium fractionation occurs dominantly
in carbonate minerals at low temperatures (<80°C) and is influenced by the mineral composition (Kim and
O’Neil, 1997; Zheng, 1999; Chacko and Deines, 2008). Theoretical calculation of the fractionation factors of
oxygen isotopes in carbonate minerals have been assessed and compiled by Chacko and Deines, (2008).
6
Kinetic (non-equilibrium) fractionation occurs during transport where isotopes with different mass-
es move at different speeds; those with the lowest mass are the fastest (Allegre, 2008). The difference in
speeds are controlled by diffusion and dissociation. Diffusion is the mass transport along concentration and
temperature gradients where lower mass diffuses at a higher rate. Dissociation is the fragmentation and
dissolution of compounds where lower mass isotopes disintegrate (Criss et al. 1987).
1.4 Thesis Objectives and Structure
The main thesis objectives are to utilize stable isotopes carbon and oxygen, and geochemistry of
alteration at the Cortez Hills deposit to:
1. Determine the size and intensity of the alteration haloes/ footprint around the deposit.
2. Characterize and map fluid flow pathways, and assess the intensity of fluid: rock interac-
tions as a vectoring tool.
3. Establish optimal sampling protocols and strategies to effectively utilize stable isotopes in
exploration for Carlin-type deposits.
The thesis aims to utilize different approaches and methods to understand Carlin-type fluids and
alteration on a mega, macro and micro-scale of a hydrothermal system (Fig. 1.2). The chapters are structured
as follows:
Chapter 1 presents the purpose of this thesis, an overview to the thesis, an introduction to Carlin-
type deposits and stable isotopes, and the thesis objectives.
Chapter 2 reviews the regional, local and deposit-scale geology of Nevada, the Cortez District and the
Cortez Hills deposit. This is followed by a literature review and current understanding of the mineralization
and alteration at Cortez Hills. This builds the foundations to interpreting the types and timing of alteration,
and fluid history at Cortez Hills.
Chapter 3 explores research expanding on the current paragenesis of mineralization and alteration
at Cortez Hills. This includes the first detailed paragenesis of carbonate veining in the Cortez District and the
largest to date on CTDs. The chapter describes physical characteristics that can be used to identify different
carbonate vein stages and those associated with mineralization. Chemical characteristics (13C and 18O iso-
7
topes, geochemistry) are used to understand each vein stage and the composition of fluids through time at
Cortez Hills. Physical and chemical characteristics are assessed to determine the importance of veins and
fractures as conduits for fluid transport at Cortez Hills.
Chapter 4 is the main body of research in this study, which includes 13C and 18O isotope studies of
surface, reverse-circulation, core, and pulped rock samples within, proximal with and distal to the Cortez Hills
deposit. This is supported with multi-element geochemistry data with a focus on the Carlin-type pathfinder
elements (As, Au, Hg, Sb, and Tl). Results are used to interpret and understand fluid flow pathways, extent of
alteration and the fluid evolution.
Chapter 5 summarizes the objectives of the thesis and proposes the application and vectoring poten-
tial of calcite veins and footprint studies for Carlin gold systems. This is supported with sampling protocols,
guidelines to aid exploration in Carlin gold systems and further research.
Appendices include three reports focused on the third thesis objective. The reports include: (1) pulp
heterogeneity study (Appendix E), (2) aqua regia versus four-acid digestion study (Appendix F), and (3) de-
fining thresholds for carbon-oxygen stable isotope and pathfinder elements (Appendix G). These studies are
important and were completed prior to the bulk of stable isotope analysis and data interpretation. Conclu-
sions from these studies impacted data processing and interpretation throughout the thesis.
8
Drill Assay Pulp Scale Hand Sample Scale
Drill hole Cross-section Scale -δ18O and δ13C Isotopes -δ18O and δ13C Isotopes
-70% Reverse Circulation Drill Holes -Geochemistry -Geochemistry
-30% Diamond Drill Core Holes
-Isotopes Micro-Drill Scale
-Geochemistry -δ18O and δ13C Isotopes
15cm
1.5 km 3m
OREZONE
9
15cm Reverse Circulation Chips

-δ18O and δ13C Isotopes
-Geochemistry
Figure 1.2 .Schematic 2D representation of sample collection strategy to define the carbonate alteration footprint and map fluid flow
pathways at Cortez Hills.
Chapter 2: Geology of the Cortez Hills Deposit
2.1 Regional Geology of North-Central Nevada
Cortez Hills is located along the Battle-Mountain Eureka Trend in North-Central Nevada and in the
central portion of the Great Basin, within the Basin and Range Province (Fig. 1.1). Break-up of the supercon-
tinent Rodinia in the Late Proterozoic- Early Paleozoic produced a passive margin at the rifted edge of Pre-
cambrian continental crust. This is located through Nevada using the 0.706 isopleth (87Sr/86Sr ratios) (Tosdal
et al. 2000). Gravity, radiogenic isotope and magnetotelluric data suggests the Battle-Mountain Eureka
Trend basement is a crustal fault zone that originated during the Neoproterozoic-Early Paleozoic rifting of
the supercontinent Rodinia. This crustal zone is modelled to be ~10 km wide, 130 km long and buried 1–5
km beneath the present day surface (Grauch et al. 2003). North-Central Nevada is part of the Great Basin in
the western Cordillera extending >2500 km from the Pacific North-West to central Mexico. The Great Basin
evolved along the western margin of Laurentia due to rifting of the continental crust during the Precambrian
(Dickinson, 2002; Dickinson, 2006).
In the Late Devonian to Early Mississippian, the western edge of Paleozoic North America is hypothe-
sized to be a passive margin. During this time North-Central Nevada experienced significant compression by
the Antler Orogeny that produced the east-verging Roberts Mountains Thrust and an allochthonous con-
tractional foreland basin (Roberts et al. 1958; Speed and Sleep, 1982). These events are interpreted to have
developed due to the convergence of an island arc and continental margin (Speed and Sleep, 1982). Deep
marine siliclastic sedimentary rocks (Upper Plate and Western Assemblage rocks) of the Roberts Mountains
allochthon were thrust eastward over continental shelf or slope sedimentary rocks (Lower Plate- Eastern
Assemblage rocks) (Roberts et al. 1958; Johnson, 1981; Cook and Corboy, 2004). See Cook and Corboy (2004)
(Fig. 11 and 12) for an illustrated guide. During the Late Mississippian to Permian, there was deposition of
marine and non-marine Antler overlap sequence on top of the Antler Orogeny (Burchfiel and Davis, 1975;
Trexler et al. 2003).
In Northern Nevada, magmatism occurred in the Jurassic and Cretaceous due to back-arc volcanic
and plutonic complexes. This is represented in the Cortez District by the intrusion of the Jurassic Mill Canyon
Stock. The Sevier Orogeny occurred during the Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous (~100 Ma) and was followed
by the Laramide Orogeny at ~60 Ma. Magmatism associated with the Sevier Orogeny moved from west to
east. Farallon slab removal produced uplift and triggered this magmatism in the Basin and Range (Humpreys
10
et al. 2003). There was a shift in the tectonic regime from contractional to extensional in the Early Cenozoic in
the Great Basin that were followed by periods of magmatism and the formation of core-complexes (e.g. Ruby
Mountains) and regional uplift. Formation of core-complexes was followed by the formation of detachment
faulting and tectonic denudation of core complexes. This occurred until the Oligocene and the final stages of
exhumation occurred in the Early Miocene (Dickinson, 2002).
Formation of CTDs have been dated at ~42–37 Ma from pre-ore, post-ore events and rarely from
ore-stage minerals such as galkhaite (Getchell Trend) (Henry and Boden, 1998; Ressel et al. 2000; Tretbar et
al. 2000; Arehart et al. 2003). The deposits occur along trends (Battle Mountain-Eureka, Carlin, and Getchell)
or in clusters (Jerritt Canyon, Alligator Ridge and Long Canyon) exploiting pre-existing basement and younger
structural features. The majority of deposits occur within the Lower Plate slope-to-basin carbonate sedimen-
tary rocks (Fig. 2; Cook and Corboy, 2004).
Carlin formation was followed by Eocene magmatism from 43–19 Ma with intrusive dikes and
volcanism in North-Central and North-East Nevada (Arehart et al. 2003; Ressel and Henry, 2006; John et al.
2008). In North-East Nevada there were abundant intrusions and a small area of volcanism in the SW corner
of the Carlin-Trend. In North-Central Nevada there was increased magmatism with abundant intrusions and
calderas forming up to 50 km in width (Fig. 1; John et al. 2008) (Ludington et al. 1996; John et al. 2008). In
the Cortez District, the Caetano Caldera formed in the Eocene at ~34 Ma (Colgan, Henry and John, 2011), and
became exposed in the Miocene due to extensional faulting and tilting related to Basin and Range events
(Colgan et al. 2008).
In North-Central Nevada, a transition from a compressional to an extensional tectonic regime oc-
curred with extension of the Northern Nevada Rift. This commenced in the Middle Miocene (16.5–15.0 Ma)
(Colgan, 2013) and magmatism occurring 17–14 Ma with the emplacement of significant mafic dike swarms
(Zoback et al. 1994). Magmatism was contemporaneous with volcanic activity of the Yellowstone hotspot
(Dickinson, 2002). The Northern Nevada Rift extended for 500 km and rifted in a 245–250° direction through
the Cortez Mountains, proximal to Cortez Hills (Zoback et al. 1994; Colgan, 2013). Basin and Range exten-
sion occurred after the formation of the Northern Nevada Rift up to the present day (Dickinson, 2002). This
extension created parallel, high-angle normal faults that were separated by tilted rigid fault blocks (Chris-
tensen and Yeats, 1992). Basin and Range tectonics, and magmatic activity was a result of Late Cretaceous
and Eocene compression associated with rapid subduction followed by post-orogenic collapse (Humpreys et
11
al. 2003).
2.2 Location and Setting of the Cortez Hills Deposit
Cortez Hills is located in an endowed metal district (Fig. 2.1) with mineralization events occurring
within a short time span of each other. The district has a history of mining dating back to 1862 when silver
was discovered in the Cortez and Mill Canyon areas (Hays and Thompson, 2003). One and half kilome-
tres north of Cortez Hills is the Cortez deposit, a CTD mined in the past for gold and silver. Ten kilometres
north-northwest of the deposit is the Pipeline Complex and is host to three orebodies: Pipeline, Gap and
Crossroads (Fig. 2.1). One kilometre northwest of Pipeline is the significantly smaller Gold Acres CTD. It is
currently inactive and was mined for gold and silver. Two kilometres east of Cortez Hills in the footwall of
Gold
Acres
Pipeline
Complex
Ada-Pit
F-Canyon
Cortez Pit
Tenabo
Horse
Canyon
Arctic
Canyon Goldrush
Cortez
Hills
Figure 2.1. Location of all known deposits in the Cortez District that are the sites of
past and present mining activity. Pipeline Complex and Cortez Hills are active mines.
Goldrush is currently under development.
12
the Cortez Fault are the Cortez Silver mines which host silver in the Cambrian Hamburg, Ordovician Eureka
and Ordovician Hansen Creek formations. Directly west of Cortez Hills on Mt. Tenabo is a small Carlin-type
resource. North-east of Cortez Hills, and north-west of the Jurassic Mill Canyon Stock proximal to the foot-
wall of the Crescent Fault is a skarn deposit. Three and a half kilometres to the east is the Horse Canyon CTD
located along the Horse Canyon Haul Road that connects Cortez Hills to the Goldrush Complex. It is currently
inactive. Buckhorn epithermal low-sulphidation Au-Ag district consists of 12 inactive open pits. An estimated
295,000 oz of gold was mined (Benedict, 1995). Five to six kilometres east of Cortez Hills is the recent CTD
discovery named Goldrush. It has a measured and indicated resource of 9.58 Moz and is currently in pre-fea-
sibility status (Barrick, 2016). Goldrush Complex contains several orezones at depth and mineralization is
focused in the Devonian Wenban Fm- subunits 4–5. Current strike length is ~7 km (Creel and Bradley, 2013;
Bradley and Eck, 2015).
Cortez Hills consists of three in situ orebodies; the Cortez Hills Breccia Zone (BZ), Middle Zone (MZ),
Lower Zone (LZ), and an exotic satellite post-mineralization deposit named Pediment. Orezone extent can be
viewed in map view (Fig. 2.2), stratigraphic section (Fig. 2.3) and cross-sectional view (Fig. 2.4). The property
is owned by Toronto based mining company Barrick Gold Corp. It has been mined since 2009 via a surface
open pit mine and an underground mine.
2.3 Geology of the Cortez Hills Deposit
2.3.1 Geological Framework and Source of Geological Understanding
Geological history of Cortez Hills and the Cortez District is sourced from original mapping carried out
by Guilly and Masersky (1965); detailed core-logging and surface mapping by Venenndaal (2007); Arbonies
et al. (2010), Jackson et al. (2010); Clark (2012), personal communications with geologists in production and
exploration groups in the Cortez District, and from regional exploration geologists. It includes logging and
surface sampling performed by the author during two field seasons in the Cortez District. A simplified geolog-
ical map of the Cortez District is presented in Fig. 2.2. A stratigraphic section of Cortez Hills developed over
ten years (Barrick, Internal Report 2011) is presented in Fig. 2.3. A cross section (Fig. 2.4) through the centre
of the deposit displays the relationships between stratigraphy, structure and orezones. Focus of this section
is on the Lower Plate rocks that host the Cortez Hills deposit. Upper Plate rocks are briefly described.
Lithology names used in the geology overview are those given by geologists in the Cortez District.
13
116.65° W
40.19° N 116.64° W 116.63° W 116.62° W 116.61° W 116.60° W 116.59° W 116.58° W 116.57° W
lt
au
ntF
sce
Cre
C or
Jmc
40.18° N
tez
Fau
lt
Dwb
40.17° N
LZ BZ
MZ
Upper
lt
For
Fau
tres
sF
Plate aul
co n
t
Fal
Ch
40.16° N
t
edimen
Fault
East P
Ohc
40.15° N
Oe
Ttc Mi-Qal
40.14° N
Legend
40.13° N
Mi-Qal Miocene to Quaternary Alluvium and Gravels
Igneous Rocks
Ttc Caetano Caldera Tuff and Volcanics
Eqp Eocene Quartz Porphyry Intrusives
Jmc Jurassic Mill Canyon Stock
40.12° N
Up Upper Plate Rocks

Lower Plate Sedimentary Rocks
Dhc Devonian Horse Canyon Fm.
Dwb Devonian Wenban Fm. N
Srm Silurian Roberts Mountain Fm.
Ohc Ordovician Hansen Creek Fm.
40.11° N
Oe Ordovician Eureka Quartzite N

Ch Cambrian Hamburg Dolomite Fm.
Structures Scale
Anticline Feet
Normal Fault (inferred)
0 400 1000 3000
Normal Fault (approximate)
Meters
40.10° N
Thrust Fault (inferred)

Thrust Fault (approximate) 0 100 500 1000
Upper
Orezones
LZ-Lower Zone MZ-Middle Zone BZ-Breccia Zone
Plate
116.65° W 116.64° W 116.63° W 116.62° W 116.61° W 116.60° W 116.59° W 116.58° W 116.57° W 116.56° W 116.55° W
Figure 2.2. Geological map of the Cortez Hills District.
Figure 2.3. Generalized stratigraphic sequence of the local Cortez Hills area with the location of mineral-
ization within the sequence. The protolith lithologies are used. The units from the Dwb to Oe are variably
metamorphosed within the deposit and proximal to the Jmc. The thickness is estimated and can vary across
the district from Harry’s Point to the Old Cortez Pits area. Information sourced from Cook (2006); Cook and
Corboy (2004); Jackson et al. (2010).
14
structures and
Mineralization
Thickness (m)
Sedimentary
Formation
Lithology
Subunit
fossils
Neo-Quat Period
Cenozoic Era Defining Characteristics
Pediment
Alluvium Tuffaceous silt-sandstone and conglomerates rich
Pediment
- 305 in Lower Plate rock and Jmc rocks clasts
4 Argillaceous mudstones
Canyon
3 Laminated siltstone
Horse
180
2 Interbedded siltstones, claystones and cherts
1 Pebble to boulder conglomerate
8 Turbidites and debris flows
7 Soft-sediment slumping
Breccia Zone
Devonian
6 Thick laminated lime mudstone

5 Laminated, turbidites, debris flows, tenaculites,
PO4 lenses
Wenban
4 Thick bedding, turbidites, brachiopods

762
3b Massive bedding
3a Light-dark turbidites, burrows

Thinly-laminated, carbonaceous, diagenetic pyrite,
2
brachiopods, trilobites
Palaeozoic
1 PO4 nodules, diagenetic pyrite, soft-sediment slumping

5 Silty limestone
Roberts Mountain
Silty-limestone, thinly laminated, diagenetic

Middle Zone
Silurian
Lower Zone
4
pyrite, turbidites
3 Thinly laminated, burrows, trilobites, brachio-
305
pods
2 Graptolites
1 Lime mudstone, laminated and PO4 lenses
3 Dolostone
Lower Lower
?
Hansen
Creek
2 152 Silty limestone, silty mudstone and micrite

Zone
Ordovician
1 Dolostone
?
3
Dolomite Quartzite
Dolomite sandstones, parallel bedded, well-sorted

Hamburg Eureka
2 122 Calcareous to dolomitic sandstone, cross-bedded

1 Brown to white quartz sandstone, thickly bedded
bioturbation, pyritic basal beds
Cambrian
>366 Dolostone
15
Sediments Structural Symbols Schematic Map of Orezones 28600 N section looking N
MQal Miocene-Quaternary alluvium and Sampling Transect No vertical exaggeration
Unconformity Section thickness is 305m (1000 ft)
Igneous Rocks N
Jmc Jurassic Mill Canyon Stock Inferred fault MZ
(high confidence) BZ
1000 Etc Eocene Caetano Tuff Units
Inferred fault
Eqp Eocene Quartz Porphyry Dikes (low confidence)
LZ
ent
Dhc Devonian Horse Canyon Fm. Au zone outlines
Pedim
based on Au grade
Dwb Devonian Wenban Fm. (0.2 oz/ton)
Srm Silurian Roberts Mt. Fm.
ast Ft.
800
Oe Ordovician Eureka Fm.
Garnet E
t Ft.
Sediments Structural Symbols Schematic Map of Orezones 28600 N section looking N

MQal Miocene-Quaternary alluvium Unconformity
and Sampling Transect No vertical exaggeration
3500
Garnet Wes
Igneous Rocks N Section thickness is 305m (1000 ft)

t.
Jmc Jurassic Mill Canyon Stock Inferred fault MZ
t
Dwb
BZ
sF
(high confidence)
zF
1000
r Ft.
Etc
Etc Eocene Caetano Tuff Units
Inferred fault
rte
Ft.
Eqp Eocene Quartz Porphyry Dikes (low confidence)
pecto
Co
es
LZ
en
3000
ent
ak
rtr
Kr
Pedim
Pros
based on Au grade
MQal
Metres
16
Dwb Devonian Wenban Fm. (0.2 oz/ton)

Fo
600800
Srm Silurian Roberts Mt. Fm. st Ft.
Dhc
2500
Garnet Ea
Ft.
Breccia Zone
go Ft.
Garnet West
t.
Dwb
sF
Etc
Falmin
es
rtr
Metres
2000
Fo
600
Feet
Srm
Srm Eqp 1500
400 400
Ponderosa Fault Zone Jmc
Lower Zone
Ponderosa Fault Zone Middle Zone 1000
200 Lower Zone

Eqp
oo . 500
Ohc od t
.
Vo st F
Ft
ru
st
Th
ru
Feet 0 500 1000

Th
ex
Oe
nd
Metres 0 100 200 300

0 0
Po
200 Figure 2.4. Cross section across the majority of the Cortez Hills deposit (28600N) highlighting the three orezones, stratigraphy, and low
and high angle structures. E
oo
Ohc od Ft.
.
o
Ft
V t
rus
st
Th
ru
Th
ex
Oe
nd
0
Po
They do not conform to a specific sedimentary rock classification system.
2.3.2 Upper Plate Sedimentary Rocks
The Upper Plate stratigraphic sequence includes: Ordovician Valmy and Vinini Formations, Silurian
Elder Sandstone and Fourmile Canyon Fm. and the Devonian Slaven Chert. The Valmy Fm. includes pure
quartzite, more greenstone and less siltstone and cherty shale relative to the Vinini Fm. The Elder Fm. is a
feldspathic sandstone with minor siltstone, shale and pale chert and is up to 914 m thick in the Cortez Win-
dow, and ~1219 m thick in the Mount Lewis and Crescent Valley quadrangles. The Fourmile Canyon Fm. is
older than the Elder and consists of chert, argillite, siltstone and less sandstone compared to the Elder. The
Slaven Chert is dominantly composed of chert and minor greenstone, limestone and sandstone (Gilluly and
Masursky, 1965).
2.3.3 Lower Plate Sedimentary Rocks
A geological map of the Cortez District is presented in Fig. 2.2 and description of the stratigraphy
includes the area from the Crescent Fault north of the Old Cortez Pits to Harry’s Point. Refer to Fig. 2.3 for
the stratigraphic sequence of the Cortez Hills District. Maximum estimated thickness and orezone locations
relative to formation and subunit are presented.
2.3.3.1 Cambrian Hamburg Dolomite Formation (Ch)
The Ch Fm. is rarely observed within the deposit or along the Horse Canyon Haul Road stratigraphic
sequence but only exposed on the footwall of the Cortez Fault, east of the deposit. The formation is exposed
(366 m) in the cliffs and canyons east of the Cortez Hills deposit however the total thickness is unknown as
the bottom surface has not been observed (Gilluly and Masursky, 1965). In the deposit it is logged as dolos-
tone (Fig. 2.5A) or dolomitic marble. It can be observed in pristine quality unaltered and unmetamorphosed
in the area of Arctic Canyon. The formation formed in a karsted shelf-lagoon and was subsequently dolo-
mitized (Gilluly and Masursky, 1965; Cook and Corboy, 2004).
2.3.3.2 Ordovician Eureka Quartzite Formation (Oe)
The Oe Fm. was deposited unconformably on top of the Ch. Oe occurs along the Horse Canyon Haul
Road, east of the Cortez Fault parallel with the deposit and has only been observed from several drill holes at
great depth (<500 m). It is ~122 m thick. It is divided into three units locally. Oe 1 is a brown to white thick-
17
A B
2 cm 2 cm
C D
2 cm
2 cm
E
Figure 2.5. Cambrian Hamburg Dolomite, Ordovician Eureka Quartzite, and Ordovician
Hansen Creek Formation lithologies. (A) Ch Fm: Pure white crystalline massive dolostone,
sampled from Arctic Canyon. (B) Oe 1: White-grey crystalline massive quartzite. (C) Oe 2:
medium-grained dolomitic sandstone. (D) Ohc 1: grey dolostone. (E) Ohc 2: light grey mas-
sive silty limestone. For scale, core in photo E is 63.5mm (HQ core) in width.
ly bedded impure quartz sandstone which is poorly sorted (Fig. 2.5B), bioturbated and may contain pyritic
basal beds. Oe 2 is a cross-bedded calcareous to dolomitic sandstone (Fig. 2.3C). Oe 3 is a thick uniform
sequence of grey parallel-bedded well-sorted dolomite sandstones (Gilluly and Masursky, 1965; Cook, 2006).
At the Cortez Deposit it is commonly observed as a massive white quartzite and rarely as dolostone (Barrick,
18
Internal). Depositional environment of the formation is shallow marine to the shelf with multiple cycles of
deposition (Gilluly and Masursky, 1965).
2.3.3.3 Ordovician Hansen Creek Formation (Ohc)
The Ohc Fm. was deposited conformably on top of the Oe Fm. It is ~152 m thick and consists of 3
units (Gilluly and Mazursky, 1965). All three units of the Ohc Fm. occur along the HCHR and within the Cortez
Hills deposit. It also occurs in Arctic Canyon. Ohc 1 is logged dominantly logged as a dolostone (Fig. 2.5D).
Ohc 2 is dominantly logged as a silty limestone (Fig. 2.5E), silty mudstone, and lime mudstone but also occa-
sionally a marble and calc-silicate marble. Ohc 3 is dominantly logged as a dolostone (Barrick, Internal). Cook
(2006) describes the Ohc 1 as a dolostone that has been metamorphosed to a marble, Ohc 2 as a limestone
that has been metamorphosed to a marble and Ohc 3 as a dolostone that has been metamorphosed to a
marble. Depositional environment of the Ohc Fm. is suggested to be shallow marine (Gilluly and Masursky,
1965).
2.3.3.4 Silurian Roberts Mountains Formation (Srm)
The Srm Fm. was deposited conformably on top of the Ohc Fm. It is ~305 m thick (Gilluly and Ma-
zursky, 1965). Trace fossils, fossils and original sedimentary characteristics that are observed along the
HCHR, Wenban Peak and Harry’s Point are sometimes difficult to identify in the deposit due to the varying
intensities of alteration and deformation. Srm 1 is a ~0.5 cm laminated lime mudstone that contains black
phosphate lenses (Fig. 2.4D). In the deposit the formation is commonly metamorphosed and these lenses are
whitish and crenulated. Wavy, light and dark rhythmic bedding at base. Srm 2 is the highest in the strati-
graphic sequence of the Roberts that is observed along the HCHR but is not easily identifiable within the
deposit. It contains monograptus grapolites (Fig. 2.6C). Srm 3 is thinly laminated, contains burrows, trilobites
and brachiopods. Srm 4 is very uniform, thinly laminated silty limestone, occasionally contains diagenetic
pyrite along bedding planes, contain quartz silt and sparse turbidites (Fig. 2.6H). Srm 5 is commonly a thinly
laminated silty limestone (Fig. 2.4I) and calc-silicate marble. The distinguishing feature between Srm 5 and
Dwb 1 is the abundance of black phosphate lenses and nodules in Srm 5. Srm 4 and 5 are commonly meta-
morphosed in proximal to and within the BZ due to the proximal distance to the Jmc. The surface between
Srm 5 and Dwb 1 contains a fossil debris flow 1-3 m thick consisting of crinoids, coral, and brachiopod
fragments in a sedimentary matrix of fine-grained black silt-grain size calcareous grains (Fig. 2.4E) (Gilluly
and Masursky, 1965; Cook, 2006; Jackson et al. 2010). Subunits of the Srm Fm. are interpreted to have been
19
A B
2 cm 2 cm
C D
2 cm 2 cm
E F G H I
Figure 2.6. Devonian Wenban and Silurian Roberts Mountain Formation lithologies. (A) Dwb
1: mud limestone containing soft-sediment slumping. (B) Dwb 1: thinly laminated mud lime-
stone containing diagenetic pyrite in the planes. (C) Srm 2: lime siltstone containing grapto-
lites. (D) Srm 1: oxidised silty limestone containing black phosphate lenses. (E) Dwb 1: basal
debris flow at the contact between Dwb 1 and Srm 5. (F) Dwb 2: laminated mud limestone
with diagenetic pyrite. (G) Dwb 3a: light-dark thin-bedded turbidites. (H) Srm 4: thinly planar
laminated lime siltstone with diagenetic pyrite. (I) Srm 5: thinly laminated lime siltstone with
abundant diagenetic pyrite. For scale, core in photos E to I is 63.5mm (HQ core) in width.
20
deposited in a lower slope-basin environment (Cook, 2006).
2.3.3.5 Devonian Wenban Formation (Dwb)
The Dwb Fm. is ~762 m thick. Dwb 1 is dominantly a dark grey to black silty micrite that contains
phosphate nodules, diagenetic pyrite on bedding planes and occasionally soft-sediment slumping (Fig.
2.6A). Dwb 2 is thinly laminated, carbonaceous and contains diagenetic euhedral or framboidal pyrite along
bedding planes (Fig. 2.6F). Brachiopods and trilobites have been observed in Dwb Fm. on the HCHR. Other
features include cm-scale debris flows of sand grain size white debris, internal grading and cross bedding.
Dwb 3a contains distinctive light-to-dark turbidites (Fig. 2.6G) that have been burrowed by <3 mm and >6mm
size worms but these features are not easily identifiable in the deposit. Dwb 3b contains massive bedding,
some brachiopods and significantly more bioturbation than Dwb 3a. Jackson et al. (2010) noted that this unit
metamorphosed produces dark tremolite porphyroblasts with a “distinctive sparkle”. Dwb 4 contains thick
bedding, turbidites and abundant brachiopods. The contact between Dwb 4 and 5 is a 20–30 m thick bed of
abundant brachiopod and crinoid debris flows named “the death bed” Dwb 4 unit is the highest in the strati-
graphic sequence of the Wenban that is observed along the HCHR up to Harry’s Point. Outside of this thesis
study area; the upper parts of the Dwb Fm. can only be observed from Harry’s Point to Horse Canyon Pits,
and to Wenban Peak. Dwb 5 to Dwb 8 are not easily identified in the deposit to mineralization, alteration and
deformation but have been documented in detail along the HCHR. Dwb 5 is laminated, contains turbidites,
debris flows, tenaculites and sometimes phosphate lenses. Dwb 6 mm-thick planar laminated periplatform
lime mudstone. Dwb 7 contains soft-sediment slumps. Dwb 8 contains turbidites and debris flows (Gilluly and
Masursky, 1965; Cook, 2006; Jackson et al. 2010; Zohar, 2014).
Clark (2012) described the calcite observed in the Dwb Fm. commonly recrystallized as a fine to me-
dium subhedral crystals and is coarser and homogeneous compared to the Srm Fm. calcite which is mottled
and fine-grained. Clark (2012) described the Srm Fm. containing more dark opaque carbonaceous material,
and increased quantities of detrital quartz which was also coarser compared to the Dwb Fm. Dwb subunits
are interpreted to have formed in the platform and slope-apron environment (Cook, 2006).
2.3.3.6 Devonian Horse Canyon Formation (Dhc)
The Dhc Fm. was deposited unconformably onto the Dwb Fm. There are three identifiable units at
Cortez Hills but 4 units observed along the HCHR and Harry’s Point. On the HCHR, Dhc 1 consists of pebble
21
to boulder debris flows. Dhc 2 is the most common unit of the formation and consists of cross-bedded quartz
and carbonate turbidites. Dhc 3 consists of siltstones, claystones and cherts. Dhc 4 consists of buff-coloured
argillaceous mudstones. In the deposit, Dhc Fm. is restricted to the area of the BZ. A lot of the material de-
posited as the Pediment deposit was sourced from the mineralized Dhc Fm. from the BZ. In the deposit, Dhc
1 was not identified. Dhc 2 comprises of 15–45 cm thick beds of planar, laminated siltstone. Dhc 3 comprises
of interbedded siltstones, claystones and cherts in 2.5–7.5 cm beds (Fig. 2.7A and B) (Gilluly and Masursky,
1965; Cook, 2006; Jackson et al. 2010; Zohar, 2014).
A B
2 cm 2 cm
Figure 2.7. Devonian Horse Canyon lithologies. (A) Dhc 2: weakly veined chert. (B) Dhc 2, inter-
bedded chert-siltstone. Dhc 2 is the most common Dhc unit observed in the Cortez Breccia Zone.
2.3.4 Igneous Rocks

A B C D
2.3.4.1 Jurassic Mill Canyon Stock (Jmc)
Jurassic Mill Canyon Stock (Jmc) intruded Lower Plate rocks up to the Roberts Mountains thrust
over an area of ~10 km in the Cortez Fault footwall (Gilluly and Masursky, 1965). The Jmc stock consists
of (quartz) monzonite, granodiorite, porphyritic rhyolite or quartz porphyry, and lamprophyre dikes (Fig.
2.8). Several dikes of augite syenite and alaskite were mapped by Gilluly and Masursky (1965). Jmc dikes
are trending northwest and north-northwest. There are several reported ages of the Jmc which include a
U-Pb (TIMS) zircon data of 158 ± 0.6 Ma sampled on the western edge of the stock 2.2 km northwest of Mt.
Tenabo (Mortenson et al. 2000). A sample from the Cortez Hills Pit provided an age of 166 ± 1.1 Ma and an
adjacent lamprophyre sample provided an age of 162.5 ± 1.1 Ma (Henry, 2009). This suggests that the stock
and associated dikes2were

cm intruded over 8 Myr.
Figure 2.8. Igneous lithologies. (A) Jmc: quartz monzonite com-
posed of quartz, plagioclase and alkali-feldspars, hornblende and
augite. (B) Jmc: granodiorite composed of quartz, plagioclase
and K-feldspar, biotite and hornblende. (C) Eqp: quartz porphyry
with quartz and feldspar phenocrysts22 which is typical in the Cor-
tez Hills deposit. (D) Eqp: quartz porphyry intruding the Dwb Fm.
For scale, core in photos A to D is 63.5mm (HQ core) in width.
2.3.4.2 Cretaceous Quartz Monzonite Intrusions (Cqm)
Cretaceous quartz monzonite intrudes Lower Plate Rocks in two locations; the subsurface west of the
2 cm 2 cm
Gold Acres deposit which is located to the NW of the Pipeline Complex, and ~4km west of Cortez Hills (Henry
Figure 2.7. Devonian Horse Canyon lithologies. (A) Dhc 2: weakly veined chert. (B) Dhc 2, inter-
bedded
et al. 2012).chert-siltstone. Dhc 2produced
Quartz monzonites is the most common
a zircon Dhc
U-Pb unit observed
(TIMS) in 104.8
age date of the Cortez
± 0.2 Breccia Zone. et al.
Ma (Mortenson
2000). Size and extent of these two intrusions are unknown but an extensive metamorphic aureole has been
hypothesized (Henry et al. 2012).

A B C D
2 cm
Figure 2.8. Igneous lithologies. (A) Jmc: quartz monzonite com-
posed of quartz, plagioclase and alkali-feldspars, hornblende and
augite. (B) Jmc: granodiorite composed of quartz, plagioclase
and K-feldspar, biotite and hornblende. (C) Eqp: quartz porphyry
with quartz and feldspar phenocrysts which is typical in the Cor-
tez Hills deposit. (D) Eqp: quartz porphyry intruding the Dwb Fm.
For scale, core in photos A to D is 63.5mm (HQ core) in width.
2.3.4.3 Eocene Caetano Caldera Volcanics (Tvf, Tff, Tvc)
Cortez Hills deposit is located 2–3 km north-east of the caldera margin. Pipeline Complex and Gold
Acres deposit are ~7 km north of the caldera margin (Colgan et al. 2011). The intracaldera upper and lower
unit is the dominant unit of the Caetano Tuff in the district. The upper unit consists of multiple, thin units
of poorly to moderately welded ash-flow tuffs that are locally interbedded with coarse conglomerate, sand-
stone and fine, platy tuffaceous siltstone. The lower unit consists of densely welded, crystal-rich, rhyolite ash-
flow tuff (Colgan et al. 2008; John et al. 2008). Nine sanidine crystals of the Caetano tuff is yield a weighted
mean age of 33.80 ± 0.05 Ma (John et al. 2008).
23
2.3.4.4 Eocene Rhyolite Dikes (quartz porphyry- Eqp and feldspar porphyry Efp)
Dikes consist of two distinct types in terms of petrography and chemical composition. The first is a
porphyritic high-SiO2 rhyolite named quartz porphyry in drill core logging and pit mapping. It is composed
of quartz, sanidine, plagioclase and biotite phenocrysts (Henry, 2011). The second is a porphyritic low-SiO2
rhyolite which is named feldspar porphyry in drill core logging and pit mapping. It is composed of plagioclase,
biotite and quartz phenocrysts (Fig. 2.8C) (Henry, 2009). The high-SiO2 rhyolite or quartz porphyry dikes are
more abundant and occurred throughout the Fortress-Caetano area. The two dike types are trending north,
northwest and north-northwest directions. These dikes occurred in the Cortez Fault hanging wall and foot-
wall. Dikes have also experienced significant clay alteration as documented in the Cortez Hills Open Pit and
core-logging in the LZ. The third type of dike are breccia dikes which occurred in the upper portions of dikes
from Cortez Hills to the Fortress-Caetano block. These are clastic dikes with rounded clasts of dike and Upper
Plate rocks up to 80 cm in diameter, and contain a dark matrix of fine clasts of both types and phenocrysts
similar to those in the dike (Henry, 2009). Thirteen 40Ar/ 39Ar sanidine and two SHRIMP U-PB zircon dates on
the high-SiO2 rhyolite (quartz porphyry) dikes provide ages of ~35.5 Ma. Three SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dates on
the low-SiO2 (feldspar porphyry) provide ages of ~ 35.7 Ma (Henry, 2009). These data suggest Eocene por-
phyry dikes were emplaced over a very short period.
2.3.5 Eocene Pediment Sediments
This satellite deposit is located south of the BZ, MZ and LZ. Pediment consists of mineralized siltstone
and conglomerate. It is interpreted as the eroded remains of mineralized Dhc Fm. located at the top of the BZ
(Creel et al. 2007). Pediment deposit trends 13–15° to the north-east. It is ~3 km in length and ~ 900 m wide
with a maximum thickness of ~380 m (Newkirk, 2011).
Pediment Deposit is composed of Miocene tuffaceous sedimentary rocks named the Ts3 unit of the
Cortez Range. The Ts3 unit is composed of a lower lithofacies of sedimentary/volcanic tuffaceous conglom-
erate, a middle tuffaceous silt-sandstone and sedimentary conglomerate and an upper epiclastic sedimentary
conglomerate. Above this are Quaternary alluvial and alluvial fan deposits with a tephra/ash-rich rock dated
at 767.1 ± 0.9 ka (Newkirk, 2015). These deposits are dominantly composed of interbedded sequences of
grey, poorly sorted, cobble-to block sedimentary conglomerate and light brown stratified silty litharenite
beds (Newkirk, 2015). Clasts are sourced from Lower Plate rocks with limestone, dolomite, quartzite litholo-
gies, and large cobbles to boulders of Jmc granodiorite (Newkirk, 2015).

24
2.3.6 Structural History of the Cortez Hills Deposit
2.3.6.1 Compressional Tectonic Regime
Cortez Hills is dominated by an imbricate thrust system which formed two major NW-SE trending
anticlines, a fault-bend anticline proximal to the BZ and a later stage of low-angle thrusting. Voodoo Thrust
Fault System is shallow dipping and has a number of west-dipping imbricate listric fault structures located
proximal and within the BZ that are connected to the roof of the Ponderosa Fault Zone (Fig. 2.4) These fault
structures have influenced the location of the BZ and were subsequently intruded by the Eocene dikes. Dikes
in the listric faults were sheared which indicates later movement and compressional fabrics in the rocks have
been reactivated (Jackson et al. 2010). There are two anticlines within the Cortez Hills deposit. Cortez Hills
Anticline has a north-west to south-east trend and is along strike of LZ. The second and smaller anticline has
a north-west to south-east trend striking through the centre of MZ. Deformation and folding formed during
the Antler Orogeny in the Late Devonian to Early Mississippian produced duplex folds and imbricate fault
zones. Fold architecture is asymmetric, upright and non-cylindrical with a steeply plunging east limb, shallow
plunging west limb and convex axial trace. The Dwb and Srm Formations accommodated folding due to their
rheological contrasts between thin to thickly bedded units and weak mechanical strength of their lithologies
that aided ramping and faulting of the units. Differential movement caused dilatational zones (Leonardson,
Barrick Internal, 2013; Jackson et al. 2010). The Ohc Fm. has resisted folding unlike the Dwb and Srm due to
its massive bedding and more mechanically competent lithologies (dolostone, dolomitic limestone, marble).
It may have been decoupled from the underlying Oe Fm. as is the case in the Gold Acres Window (Leonard-
son, 2010).
Ponderosa Fault Zone is a complex low-angle thrust fault zone which acts as a major fluid pathway
for MZ and LZ. The Ponderosa Fault Zone has roof and sole surfaces with a package of imbricate thrust slices
5–30 m thick. In the BZ it thrusts Srm unit 4 over Dwb units 2 or 1 over 120 m (Jackson et al. 2010). Pondero-
sa Fault Zone crosscuts the folding and earlier thrust events. Pondex Fault is a shallow dipping reverse fault
located in the northern part of LZ that offsets the Ohc and Srm Formations.
2.3.6.2 Extensional Tectonic Regime
A change from a compressional to extensional tectonic regime occurred with Basin and Range tec-
tonics in North-Central Nevada from the Early Cenozoic to the present day. This was followed by extension
25
of the Northern Nevada Rift in the Middle Miocene (16.5–15.0 Ma) (Colgan, 2013), that produced high-angle
structures.
East Fortress Fault is dominantly striking 295–115° for ~3.5 km, a dip direction to the south-south-
west and a dip of 55–65° and then it deviates to 340–160° cuts across LZ in the south. North Fortress
Fault North and East Fortress Faults are Caetano Caldera margin faults that were reactivated during Basin
and Range extension (Newkirk, 2015). Cortez Canyon Fault is north-east of North Fortress and may have
formed in the late Miocene like the other high-angle fault structures. East Pediment Fault is trending in
a north-northeast to south-southwest and movement along this fault occurred in the Miocene (Newkirk,
2015). Fortress and East Pediment Faults are part of the Basin and Range Extension in the Miocene. East
Pediment Fault may be an extension or connected to the Cortez Fault (Newkirk, 2015). It has ~500 m of
offset to the west (Jackson et al. 2010). Flamingo Fault dip direction is to the west at 80–90° runs parallel
with the Cortez Fault but does not cross cut it. It is located parallel with the East Pediment to the south-east.
The Falcon Fault and Fault Block has the same trend. Garnet Fault is trending north to south, north of the LZ,
extends up to the Crescent Fault and dips 80–90°. Sage Fault is steeply dipping and are striking south-west
parallel to East Pediment Fault, and it crosscuts the Pondex Fault from geological modelling. Veatch Fault is a
small fault that is that is striking north to south and dipping ~60–70° to the east. It is modelled to the extent
of the Cortez Fault. Cortez Fault is a north to south striking normal fault with up to 3 km offset and some
strike-slip movement. Dip direction is to the west and west-southwest at 55–70°. It is related to the Basin
and Range extension (Colgan, 2008). Crescent Fault is a Basin and Range fault that trends north-northeast to
south-southwest, dip direction is to the west at 45–55°, and crosscuts the Cortez Fault (Friedrich et al. 2004).
These later extensional faults have deformed the earlier low-angle structures.
2.3.7 Mineralization and Alteration of the Cortez Hills Deposit
Mineralization at Cortez Hills is heterogeneous with three primary orezones and a satellite deposit.
Within the primary orezones there are contrasts in the concentration of the pathfinder elements, alteration,
mineralization and structure.
Ore minerals present vary between and within the three primary orezones. The most common are
diagenetic pyrite, marcasite, chalcocite (CuS2) and chalcopyrite (CuFeS2). Other ore minerals include stibnite
(Sb2S3), arsenopyrite (FeAsS), cinnabar (HgS), realgar (As4S4), orpiment (As2S3), pyrite (FeS2), galena (PbS), and
sphalerite (ZnS) (Venendaal, 2007; Clark, 2012; Jackson et al. 2010). Less common native minerals that have
26
Typical Carlin-Type Deposit Mineral Paragenesis
Stages
Minerals Pre-Ore Carlin-Ore Late Carlin-Ore Post-Ore
Calcite
Palaeozoic
Vein quartz
White Mica
Pyrite (As-free)
Chalcopyrite
Sphalerite
Arsenopyrite
Galena
Mesozoic
? ?
Jasperoid
Quartz
Marcasite (Au-free) ? ?
Pyrite (Au and As) ? ?
? ?
Marcasite (Au-enriched)
Orpiment
Fluorite
Galkhaite
Eocene
Stibnite
Realgar
Calcite (clear, coarse)
Calcite (coarse, transluc.) ? ?
Oxidation minerals
Figure 2.9. Mineral paragenesis for Carlin-Type deposits based on the Getchell deposit, modified
from Cline et al. (2005).
Cortez Hills Breccia Zone Mineral Paragenesis
Stages
Minerals Pre-Ore Carlin Ore Late Carlin-Ore Post-Ore
Palaeozoic
Calcite (Limestone) ?
Detrital quartz Evolved
Diagenetic pyrite (PO1) Ore
PO2 pyrite ?
?
Pyrrhotite
Tremolite
Clinochlore ?
Mesozoic
Dickite-kaolinite
Euhedral quartz ? ?
Porous marcasite (PO3) ?
Sphalerite
Chalcopyrite
Illite ?
Jasperoid
Au-bearing pyrite
Evolved ore-stage pyrite ?
Eocene
Calcite (euhedral)
Aktashite
Christite ?
Cinnabar
Realgar
Calcite (vein) ?
Oxidation minerals
BRECCIATION
Figure 2.10. Mineral paragenesis on the Cortez Hills Breccia Zone (BZ) with the estimated timing of
collapse brecciation, modified from Maroun, (2017).
27
been identified using detailed petrographic and probe work are silver, sulphosalts and tellurides. Aktash-
ite (rare sulphosalt; Cu6Hg3As4S12), christite (TlHgAsS3) and pyrrhotite (Fex-1S) have been identified in the BZ
(Clark, 2012). In a cross section across the three primary orezones, Venendaal (2007) identified the main ore-
stage event minerals as pyrite and marcasite, the late-ore stage minerals as realgar, orpiment and stibnite.
Molybdenite was observed but has no clear genetic connection to Carlin ore-forming events. It could be
related to black shales and/or W-Sn mineralization (Venendaal, 2007). Breccia Zone paragenesis is displayed
in Fig. 2.9 and a CTD paragenesis (Cline et al. 2005), is used for comparison in Fig. 2.10.
Alteration at Cortez Hills is typical of many other CTDs with contact metamorphism, decarbon-
atization, silicification, oxidation, and carbonate veining throughout (Cline et al. 2005; Venenndaal, 2007;
Arbonies et al. 2010; Jackson et al. 2010; Clark, 2012). Alteration and mineralization will be reviewed from
existing studies.
2.3.7.1 Bi-Te and Ag Mineralization
Bismuth-tellurium and silver mineralization occurred at Cortez Hills and may represent a hydrother-
mal system that formed prior to the Carlin hydrothermal system. Bismuth and/or Te-bearing phases within
sulfide rich rocks have been documented within the Dwb and Srm Fms. from three drill holes (Arcadi, 2011).
These phases include tetradymite, native bismuth, bismuthinite, alisonite, fahlore and at least four unde-
termined Bi+ S ± Te ± Pb ± Cu-bearing phases intergrown with each other as part of a solid solution series
(Arcadi, 2011). Arcadi (2011) suggested Bi and Te could be utilized as a pathfinder element tool and they
are often associated with Au in the Cortez Area. From drill hole database analysis in Leapfrog Geo and IoGas
there are clear Bi and Te anomalies in several areas of Middle and Lower Zone, and an association with Au.
This association could be attributed to two scenarios: (1) Bi and Te mineralization is associated with Carlin
mineralization; (2) Bi and Te fluids transported prior to Carlin mineralization and possibly sourced by an earli-
er hydrothermal intrusion-related system associated with the Jmc. The latter scenario representing the more
favorable scenario as the association of Bi-Te mineralization may be due to it sharing common favorable
structural traps. A small-scale study along several cross-sections of the LZ showed Bi-Te was overlapping with
Tl and Sb Carlin pathfinder elements (Eggleston, 2014). In conclusion, the same plumbing system was exploit-
ed by Carlin and Bi-Te mineralization (Eggleston, 2014).
28
2.3.7.2 Cortez Hills Breccia Zone
Breccia bodies/pipes are a common occurrence in CTDs. The BZ is located within the main pit of Cor-
tez Hills and contained a resource of ~6 Moz most of which has been mined (Barrick, 2016). The breccia pipe
extends down into the Middle Zone. The BZ is a discordant inclined, polylithic conical breccia pipe, hosted in
the Dhc and Dwb, and the Srm Formations. Breccia Zone observations are sourced from detailed core-log-
ging by Jackson et al. (2010), petrography and microbeam methods by Clark (2012) which are summarized in
Fig. 2.9.
Monomict breccias occur along the margins of the body and polylithic breccias within the centre of
the body, which has been taken as evidence for transport in the central core of the pipe (Jackson et al. 2010).
Breccia clasts are sourced from the surrounding sedimentary country rock at Cortez Hills. Clastic and chemi-
cal infill is present. Ore grade varies across the body but highest grades are within the polylithic breccia and
at the narrow root zone of the breccia body. The breccia body has experienced several phases of alteration
from metamorphic, hydrothermal, and supergene processes. Brecciation in the BZ was divided into five
sub-processes by Jackson et al. (2010): breakage, transport, comminution, settling, and cementation.
Mineralization is present as carbonate-replacement style base metal veins of Fe-rich sphalerite with
chalcopyrite and galena cutting recrystallized limestone. This high temperature mineralization may be asso-
ciated with the most metamorphosed country rocks and Eocene intrusive rocks (Jackson et al. 2010). It was
subsequently overprinted by later Carlin mineralization and alteration events. Jackson et al. (2010) suggest-
ed the breccia body formed explosively via thermo-hydraulic energy release and is dissimilar to a collapse
breccia model of formation (Jebrak, 1997) whereas Maroun et al. (2017) suggest the formation was due to
collapse of the waning Carlin-hydrothermal system. This paragenesis work is presented in Fig. 2.10 by Clark,
(2012) and Maroun et al. (2017).
2.3.7.3 Cortez Hills Middle and Lower Zone
Cortez Hills MZ and LZ are two connected, stratabound, structure and host- controlled tabular ore
zones. Lower Zone strikes for 1.5 km north-northwest and an average width of ~122 m within a complex
structural area of reverse faulting, normal faulting and folding. It contains an additional area called the Low-
er Lower (LLZ) or Renegade Zone on the western edge, and extends further to the south at a steeper gradient
where current exploration drilling is taking place. Ore in the LZ is divided into two types: oxide to the south
29
and refractory to the north (Arbonies et al. 2010).
Middle Zone strikes west to east for ~600 m with an average width of 152 m. It curves to the south-
east around the root of the BZ which is called the “Bridge Zone” which hosts refractory gold mineralization.
It contains five stacked pods of mineralization with an average thickness of 21 m and they occur up to 37 m
thick (Arbonies et al. 2010).
2.3.7.4 Breccia Types at Cortez Hills
Jackson et al. (2010), produced a breccia classification scheme at Cortez Hills and an approximate
timing based on alteration and veining relationships (Fig. 2.11). Breccia types present are crackle, mosaic,
rotated (clasts>infill), transported (clastic> chemical infill), transported (clastic<chemical infill). Clasts within
the breccias of the BZ, middle and LZ are of the surrounding country rock. In the BZ several clasts characteris-
tic of Dwb 2 have been observed where the Dwb 3 is observed in the stratigraphic sequence suggesting that
there was at least 50 m of upward vertical transport. Majority of clasts observed are angular to subangular,
and the least numerous are sub-rounded. Majority of clasts have curvilinear clast margins. Timing of alter-
ation versus brecciation was described in detail (Jackson et al. 2010), and can be identified in core (Fig. 2.11).
Jackson et al. (2010) divided the formation of the BZ into five chronological processes; breakage, transport,
comminuation, settling and cementation.
2.3.7.5 Alteration at Cortez Hills
Contact Metamorphism
Cortez Hills has experienced contact metamorphism with the production of marble, hornfels, and
calc-silicate with tremolite and actinolite representing the two most common metamorphic minerals. Con-
tact metamorphism is associated with the adjacent Jurassic Mill Canyon Stock (Jmc) and most host rocks to
ore have experienced it (Arbonies et al. 2010). From core-logging, variable intensities of contact metamor-
phism occurred but those rocks that contain dolomite display a greater intensity. There is also a blanket of
calc-silicate metamorphism above Lower Zone within the Dwb and Srm (Jackson, 2015, personal comm.)
Venendaal (2007) identified metamorphic minerals with increasing temperature: talc, cordierite, tremolite,
idocrase, diopside and garnet along the cross section line 28600N. Venendaal (2007) noted metamorphic
zonation of calc-silicate minerals (talc and tremolite) distal to the Jmc to white calc-silicate marble with
diopside at the contact of the Jmc. Jackson et al. (2010) observed metamorphism was more common in the
30
Pre-breccia
alteration
A B C
Syn-breccia
alteration
D E F
Post-breccia
alteration
G H J
Figure 2.11. Timing of alteration versus brecciation modified from Jackson (2008).
Pre-breccia alteration (A) Veins truncated by clast margins. (B) Clasts of mixed alter-
ation types. (C) Broken altered clast rims. Syn-breccia alteration. (D) Altered clast
rims. (E) Hydrothermal minerals armouring clasts, and syn-breccia veins. (F) Hydro-
thermal mineral infill. Post-breccia alteration. (G) Veins cross-cutting breccia tex-
tures. (H) Hydrothermal minerals occupying re-opened breccia. (I) Clasts of breccia
in breccia, or vein fragments in brecca. Modified from Jackson, (2010).
31
Srm compared to the Dwb Fm. They interpreted it to be caused by the presence of quartz silt in the Srm Fm.
and a greater original permeability. Arbonies et al. (2010) observed contact metamorphism and associated it
with chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena occasionally.
Decarbonatization
Decarbonatization is the dissolution of carbonate minerals such as calcite and dolomite. It is a charac-
teristic feature synchronous with ore-stage fluids and aids sulfidation and gold precipitation. Decarbonatiza-
tion in each orezone can vary from absent to weak, medium and strong intensities. Intensely decarbonatized
rock is commonly black, carbonaceous, powdery, low density, no reaction to HCl and most characteristics of
the host lithology is destroyed. Decarbonatized lithologies are commonly spatially associated with gold, and
anomalous concentrations of the pathfinder elements. Medium to strong decarbonatization is confined to
within the orezones. Weak to medium decarbonatization is confined to the proximities of orezones. Growth
of secondary pyrite occurs as observed by Jackson et al. (2010). Carbonate veining was destroyed by moder-
ate to high intensity decarbonatization.
Silicification
Silicification is the addition of silica into the system and occurs with volume loss. Silicification oc-
curred in oxidized samples and at depth. As in other CTDs, silicification in the BZ and LZ are interpreted to
have occurred during the same period as decarbonatization and sometimes synchronous with gold deposi-
tion (Cline et al. 2005). In CTDs, silicification can occur as jasperoid, less commonly as vugs lined with fine-
grained drusy quartz, and in rarely as quartz veins (Lovering, 1972; Bakken and Einaudi, 1986; Hofstra and
Cline, 2001; Ye et al. 2002). Jasperoids are the most common occurrence of silicificiation in the orezones
at Cortez Hills. Silicification is not significant in the BZ (Jackson et al. 2010) but is more common in the LZ
(Arbonies et al. 2010). Silicification varies from a slight hardening to near complete silica replacement of car-
bonate. Fenestrate textures may also reflect volume loss (Arbonies et al. 2010). Silicification did not destroy
relict carbonate veining in MZ and LZ.
Argillization
Argillization occurred in the Cortez Hill Open Pit (BZ) where Eqp dikes have been significantly altered
with unknown clay minerals indicating that it was a late process in the CTD alteration paragenesis. It is
proximal and confined to the orezones of the Cortez Hills deposit and the Old Cortez deposits. In other CTDs
32
including the proximal Pipeline Complex (Cortez District), kaolinite, illite, dickite and smectite are common
however kaolinite and illite are typically associated with Carlin fluids (Hofstra and Cline, 2001; Ahmed, 2010).
Discerning timing of formation of clay minerals is difficult as they can persist through the Carlin-hydrother-
mal events (Arehart et al. 2003). Illite may occur during the ore-stage and be intergrown with muscovite as
observed in the BZ (Clark, 2012), and is documented in other CTDs. Argillization occurs in the MZ and LZ
but not to the same intensity as in the BZ. The Eqp dikes react to the greatest degree compared to the pure
carbonate host rocks due to the abundance of alumino-silicate minerals. Clay alteration is more abundant
in calc-silicate rich and hornfelsed rocks at Cortez Hills as is described in other deposits (Hofstra and Cline,
2001; Vaughan, 2013).
Oxidation
Oxidation occurred at depths < 1500 m beneath the present surface, but most oxidation occurred in
the top 200 m, below the current water table. Supergene oxidation may have commenced in the Oligocene in
a drying climate where the water table was lowering. Deep oxidation may have been produced by high flow
rates of oxygenated groundwater in areas of significant topography sometime in the late Miocene (Newkirk,
2011) or produced by convection-driven circulation of meteoric and mature hydrothermal fluids at the end of
Carlin events (Arbonies et al. 2010). On the surface, oxidation occurred proximal to intrusive dikes and fault
structures. Oxidation is greater in the hills of Cortez Hills than southern areas in the Cortez District.
2.3.7.6 Gold Mineralization and Timing of Deposition
Gold in CTDs commonly precipitated as sub-micron grains in ore-stage pyrite or arsenian pyrite via
the dissolution of Fe-carbonates and sulfidation of Fe-silicates from the host lithologies (Hofstra et al. 1991;
Fleet and Mumin, 1997; Stenger et al. 1998; Cline, 2001; Kesler et al. 2003). Dissolution of Fe-rich carbonates
occurs dominantly by moderately acidic (pH≈ 5) and low temperature (~ 180–240°C) Carlin fluids (Hofstra
and Cline, 2000; Cline et al. 2005). Arsenian pyrite is also host to other Carlin pathfinder elements (As, Hg,
Sb, Tl) (Barker et al. 2009; Kesler et al. 2010). Arsenian pyrite is As rich pyrite where As and FeS exists in solid
solution whereas arsenopyrite (FeAsS) is a mineral. The sulfidation reaction with an iron rich carbonate rock
is:
2H2S + (Fe2+, Ca)CO3 = FeS2 + H2 + H2CO3 + CaCO3
At Cortez Hills, petrographic evidence shows that gold occurred as finely disseminated particles
33
as arsenian gold rims on pyrite or as free gold in LZ and MZ (Arbonies et al. 2010). In the BZ, gold-bearing
iron-sulfides minerals are concentrated in the matrix of monolithic and polylithic brecciated rocks along clast
boundaries (Clark, 2012). In MZ and LZ, there is a strong correlation between areas of decarbonatization and
high gold grades.
In the BZ moving from low to high gold concentrations, host rocks display increasing alteration from
primary recrystallized calcite to gold-bearing iron-sulfides, illite, jasperoid, calcite, and carbonaceous material
concentrated in dissolution seams. Dissolution seams are hypothezed to be ore fluid pathways from parage-
netic and textural observations. Silicification occurred with gold mineralization, porosity increased because
of the non-interlocking texture of the jasperoid, which contributed to the formation of soft, non-cohesive
rock and aided in collapse. This occurred contemporaneously with sulfidation, decarbonatization, and silicifi-
cation (Clark, 2012).
34
Chapter 3: Describing the Cortez Hills Plumbing System Using Calcite Veins
3.1 Introduction
Veins are an important microstructure in understanding the plumbing systems, structural history of
mineral systems and exploration of mineral deposits, for example, porphyry (Sillitoe, 2010), epithermal (Silli-
toe, 1993; Hedenquist et al. 2000), and orogenic (Tripp and Vearncombe, 2004). Veins have attracted a large
quantity of research (see above) in porphyry, epithermal, orogenic and other vein-hosted deposits but are
neglected in CTDs. In CTDs, carbonate veins are common, abundant and several stages may occur (Illchik and
Barton, 1996; Ye et al. 2003; Arehart and Donelick, 2006; Patterson, 2009; Ahmed, 2010; Clark, 2012; Lepore,
2013; Tucker, 2015; Vaughan et al. 2016; Blamey, et al. 2017). Vein classification in CTDs have been investi-
gated briefly several times (Illchik and Barton, 1996; Patterson, 2009), and once in detail utilizing petrogra-
phy, geochemistry and stable carbon and oxygen isotopes (Vaughan, 2013; Vaughan et al. 2016). The majority
of veins in CTDs including Cortez Hills are carbonate, specifically calcite (Illchik and Barton, 1996; Arehart and
Donelick, 2006; Patterson, 2009; Ahmed, 2010; Lepore, 2013; Tucker, 2015; Vaughan et al. 2016). The lack of
mineral diversity makes a vein paragenesis challenging. This study identified veins stages using cross-cutting
relationships supported by vein physical characteristics. A paragenesis of CTD events and investigations of
relationships between gold mineralization, lithology, structure and alteration has been carried out before (Ye
et al. 2003; Cline et al. 2005; Clark, 2012). A paragenesis of Cortez Hills Breccia Zone was presented in Fig.
2.9 and 2.10 (Jackson et al. 2010; Clark, 2012). Vein paragenesis was placed within this larger framework.
Cortez Hills provides an excellent study area in a well-endowed gold district (Arbonies et al. 2010;
Jackson, 2010; Hickey et al. 2014; Bradley and Eck, 2015; Barrick, 2017). It is an excellent location where the
stratigraphic sequence occurs distal to the deposit and rock is unmineralized and unaltered which was not
possible in previous large-scale alteration footprint studies at Pipeline (Ahmed, 2010; Hickey et al. 2014),
Long Canyon (Lepore, 2013), and Goldstrike (Vaughan, 2013). In mineral exploration and mine geology of
CTDs (including Cortez Hills), carbonate veining is not a rock-characteristic that is described or logged in de-
tail. This study seeks to demonstrate veins have a wealth of information about Carlin gold systems and they
can be used as an aid in mineral exploration.
Primary characteristics are used in this study to classify veins into type and stage are: crosscutting re-
lationships; orientation; and mineral content. Vein shape, boundaries, growth and other mineral textures are
secondary characteristics used to compliment the justification of the vein types (Fig. 3.1). Terminology and
35
characteristics used are from well-established literature on veins to maintain consistency and accurate com-
parisons (Dong et al. 1995; Oliver and Bons, 2001; Passchier and Trouw, 2005; Bons et al. 2012). Crystal size
and color was described but not deemed reliable or consistent for identifying individual vein types/stages.
3.1.1 Microstructure Terminology
Microstructures provide a wealth of information and it is important to state their definitions to
improve comparisons with other studies and locations. Describing the shape, orientation, internal structures
and growth fabrics of veins can provide valuable insight into paleo-stress fields, deformation kinetics and
fluid pressure. Mineralogy and geochemistry of the minerals that fill veins can provide information on fluid
characteristics, fluid chemistry, the origin of fluids and the metamorphic conditions during vein formation
(Oliver and Bons, 2001; Bons et al. 2012). Mineralogy and geochemistry is the focus of this study. Veins and
fractures are considered secondary porosity and provide ideal structures for fluid transport (Lucia, 2007;
Bons, 2012). Definition of vein nomenclature used in this study are provided below:
1. Fractures: discrete breaks in a rock mass where cohesion was lost due to brittle failure by
stress. Microfractures are mm to cm size structures.
2. Veins: fractures with coarse crystalline calcite or various epigenetic minerals fill >2mm
in width. Veins may range from mm to over a m in length, vein walls are sub-parallel,
planar or irregular undulating. Contacts with host rock are usually sharp. Embayed
margins due to solution and/or replacement of host rocks are also common (Logan and
Semenium, 1976). Veins can form contemporaneously with tectonic events or may be
later carbonate or silicate infill (Passchier and Trouw, 2005; Oliver and Bons, 2001; Flugel,
2010; Bons et al. 2012).
3. Veinlets: narrow veins, classified as <2 mm in width.
4. Stylolites: wavy, chaotic continuous and pervasive dissolution seams that form due to
pressure solution. Pressure solution causes the development of foliations, grain-scale
dissolution, and deposition features containing insoluble residue material from the sur-
rounding wall rock such as clays. Stylolites and pressure solution seams form during fold-
ing or deposition. Stylolites form perpendicular to the maximum stress direction. There
are two main types of stylolites: transverse and bedding-parallel (Andrews and Railsback,
36
Vein Vertical Sub-vertical Sub-horizontal Horizontal
Orientation 65-90° 45-65° 25-45° 0-25°
Syntaxial Anti taxial
Growth
Morphology
Start Start Start
Elongate Blocky Elongate Blocky
Crystal
shape
Planar Wavy Offset Crumbly Interconnected
Vein
Shape
Sharp Fuzzy
Vein
Boundary
Figure 3.1. Schematic diagram for vein characteristics using terminology from references used
throughout this chapter (Dong et al. 1995; Oliver and Bons, 2001; Passchier and Trouw, 2005; Bons
et al. 2012).
37
1997). Stylolites are continuous dissolution seams (>5cm) and dissolutions seams are
considered discontinuous over short distances (<5cm).
5. Breccias: fractured rock with mineral infill and cements. In grain-size terms, 30% of its
volume is composed of clasts at >2 mm in diameter. Texturally they are divided into
crackle, mosaic and chaotic based on clast size and content (Woodcock and Mort, 2008).
The previous definition and descriptive classification is based on fault breccias. Terms for
hydrothermal breccias may be used (Jebrak, 1997).
Vein growth morphologies are well documented in literature (Fisher and Brantley, 1992; Dong et al.
1995; Oliver and Bons, 2001; Passchier and Trouw, 2005; Bons et al. 2012) and are described in this study
through hand samples and microscopy. Growth morphologies, crystal growth shapes, vein shapes and vein
boundaries are described in a schematic diagram (Fig. 3.1). Throughout this study the terms used were kept
consistent to compare different vein types and stages.
3.1.2 Study Objectives
1. Classify veins stages present at Cortez Hills and surrounding district on a macro-scale,
micro-scale and micron-scale to understand when and how they formed.
2. Identify isotopic signatures of fluid sources through time.
3. Test if physical and chemical vein characteristics can be utilized as an exploration tool in
Carlin gold systems.
3.2 Methodology
3.2.1 Sampling Strategy
Seven drill holes were logged in detail during two field seasons; one in the BZ (DC–063), one in the
MZ (CHUE–017) and five in the LZ (DC–234, DC–246, DC–247, UGPZ–025, CHUE–361). Drill hole locations are
presented in Fig. 3.2. Additional samples were obtained from one drill hole (DC–089) within the BZ and nine
samples, one each from nine drill holes across the deposit. These additional samples were collected because
they had visible ore minerals within or proximal to calcite veins. Samples collected focused on different vein
stages and alteration.
38
116.65°W 116.64°W 116.63°W 116.62°W 116.61°W 116.60°W 116.59°W 116.58°W 116.57°W
40.19°N
40.18°N
Hills proximal to Cortez Hills

40.17°N
40.16°N
40.15°N
40.14°N
40.13°N
40.12°N
40.11°N
Geochemistry Samples
Isotope Samples
Fold Axial Trace

40.10°N
Harry’s Point
116.65°W 116.64°W 116.63°W 116.62°W 116.61°W 116.60°W 116.59°W 116.58°W 116.57°W 116.56°W
Figure 3.2. Cortez Hill Map for core sampling drill holes and surface sampling areas.
39
Field mapping of lithologies, veining and alteration were performed during the two field seasons.
Field areas included the hills immediately to the west and north of Cortez Hills, the Horse Canyon Haul Road
and western slopes, Harry’s Point, Arctic Canyon, slopes east of the Cortez Hills Open Pit and the Old Cortez
Town Site. These mapping locations are outlined in the map in Fig. 3.2. Observations in this section are from
detailed core-logging, binocular microscope, petrography microscope, and CL microscopy.
Field maps, drill hole database, geochemistry, gold assays, stratigraphic logging and existing knowl-
edge on these areas were provided by Barrick Gold Corp. and several of the Cortez Hills Exploration and
Production Groups, District Exploration and Regional Exploration Groups.
3.2.2 Ultra-Violet Fluorescence
Samples were analyzed at the University of British Columbia using a handheld shortwave UV fluores-
cent lamp (SuperBright 3, 4000 series by UV Systems Inc; shortwave light, UV-C. The lamp was used in a dark
room and held ~10 cm from the rock sample. For phosphorescence it was held ~3 cm to the rock and held
for 10 seconds before turning the UV light off. Further methodology details and background were described
in Appendix B2.
3.2.3 Cold Cathode-Luminescence Petrography
Cold cathode-luminescence (CL) was performed on samples at the University of British Columbia us-
ing a CLmk4 cold CL stage (manufactured by Cambridge Image Technology Ltd) which was attached to a Carl
Zeiss optical microscope. The microscope was mounted with a Canon EOS-40D camera which was used for
obtaining photographs. The sample was focused under several magnifications using the optical microscope
in plane polarized light prior to turning the CLmK4 stage on. The CLmk4 stage was operated under manual
conditions using a vacuum. The electron gun current was set to 385 μA with a voltage of 17-18 kV. Further
methodology details and background are described in Appendix B3.
3.2.4 Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis
Portable x-ray fluorescence (pXRF) was performed as a fast and efficient method to collect geochem-
ical data for different vein stages/types. Portable X-Ray fluorescent analysis was performed at the University
of British Columbia with the support from Dr. Peter Winterburn using the Olympus Delta Premium 16150. It
uses a large-area silicon drift detector and the excitation range is 4W Rh, Au, or Ta anode (per application)
40
x-ray tube. Instrument beam spot size was 13 mm. A protected hood and stand was used with the instru-
ment. Both “Geochem” and “Soil” mode were used on each sample. Further methodology details and back-
ground are described in Appendix C.
3.2.5 13C and 18O Isotope Analysis
Carbon and oxygen isotope analyses were performed on the IO-CAOS (off-axis integrated cavity out-
put spectroscopy) Los Gatos Research (LGR) Carbonate Isotope Analyzer instrument in the Mineral Deposit
Research Unit laboratory at the University of British Columbia. Carbon and oxygen isotope analysis results
are in Appendix D. δ18O and δ13C compositions are reported in per mil (‰). δ18O is reported in accordance
with the Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (V-SMOW) and δ13C in accordance with the Vienna Pee Dee
Belemnite (V-PDB) (Veizer et al. 1997; 1999). Veins and wall rock containing sulfides were also analyzed, how-
ever no interference by H2S gas occurred in the gas handling (Beinlich et al. 2017). For this chapter, δ18O and
δ13C compositions are described as depleted relative to V-SMOW and V-PDB.
Surface hand and drill hole core samples were drilled with diamond embedded bits and a dremel
drill tool. Drill spots were on average 7–10 mm in diameter, but may be up to 15 mm across and up 25 mm
long for narrow veins and veinlets. Wall rock drill spots for vein-wall rock pairs were all ~ 2 cm from the vein
boundary.
3.3 Results
3.3.1 Timing and Nature of Veins at Cortez Hills
Relative timing of vein types and stages, within the deposit and on surface in the district (Fig. 3.3) are
described in this section. Timing of veins were based on cross-cutting relationships observed in core-logging,
petrography and luminescence studies. The Cortez Hills paragenesis from this study can be compared to
previous paragenesis’ on CTDs and on Cortez Hills Breccia Zone (Fig. 2.9 and 2.10). Majority of veins in CTDs,
including Cortez Hills, are carbonate; specifically calcite (Illchik and Barton, 1996; Arehart and Donelick, 2006;
Patterson, 2009; Ahmed, 2010; Lepore, 2013; Tucker, 2015; Vaughan et al. 2016). In this study, physical char-
acteristics including crosscutting relationships with other veins, orientation and mineral content were used to
classify vein stages and types. Vein shape, boundaries, growth and other mineral textures were used in addi-
tion to support the primary characteristics. Cross-cutting relationships of veins are displayed schematically in
Fig. 3.4. Vein physical characteristics are summarized in Table 4. Studied veins were dominantly composed of
41
calcite unless otherwise stated.
Intrusion-Related Carlin-Type
Mineralization Mineralization
Event Early Late

Diagenetic veinlets ? Contact
Stylolites ? Metamorphism
Calcite (V1)
-V1h
-V1p
-V1k
-V1cm
Intrusion of Jurassic Mill Canyon Stock
Bleaching
Calcite (V2) ?
Calcite + Sulphides (V2S)
?
Brecciation 1 ?
Stylolites ?
Sulfidation
Decalcification ? ?
Silicification
Calcite (V3)
Brecciation 2
Oxidation 1
Intrusion of Eocene Quartz-Porphyry Dikes
Argillization
Oxidation 2
Figure 3.3. Event paragenesis at Cortez Hills determined using core-logging and petrography. Refer to text
for further information.
Veining and stylolites in the Ohc, Oe and Ch Formations occurred in intensely faulted areas and are
not as abundant compared to the Dwb and Srm Formations. Majority of veins described and analyzed in this
study are from Dwb and Srm Formations. The large vein abundance in these two formations may be attribut-
ed to their favorability for fracturing and dissolution. Contrasts in permeability were observed between
dolostones and marbles of the Ohc Formation compared to the mud-limestones and calc-silicate rocks of the
Dwb and Srm Formations.
Vein density was difficult to describe in detail because the BZ was the only area in the district where
drill holes intersected the Paleozoic Lower Plate rocks (Dhc to the Ohc Fm.). Drill holes elsewhere removed
core from the fringes of the defined orezone at depth downwards. High vein density in the BZ was due to the
intensity of brecciation. Veins were wider and volumetrically abundant compared to MZ and LZ.
42
Calcite Vein Stage
Cross-cutting
Relationships
V3 S2
S1
Tremolite/
V1 actinolite
Pyrite, stibnite,
V2 realgar, chalcopyrite
Laminations
Silty-limestone
4 cm
Figure 3.4. Calcite vein stage cross-cutting relation-
ships. Refer to text for further information.
43
Vein Stage V1k V1h V1p V1cm V2 V2s V2+V3 V3 BX
LZ, MZ, LZ, MZ, LZ, MZ,
Occurrence LZ, MZ LZ, MZ LZ, MZ LZ, MZ, LZ, MZ, BZ LZ, MZ
BZ BZ BZ
Abundance Low Med Low Med Med Low-Med Low High Med
Vein
0–45 0–45 0–45 0–45 0-45 0–45 45–90 45–90 0–90
orientation
Vein width (cm) <2 <1 <0.4 <1.5 0.3–6 <5 0.8–1.3 0.5–1.5 -
Planar,
Planar, trun- Wavy to
truncated,
Wavy to Planar, cated, offset planar,
Vein shape Planar Crumbly offset and Planar -
planar offset and intercon- undula-
intercon-
nected tory
nected
Vein Fuzzy to Sharp to Sharp,

Sharp Fuzzy Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp
boundary sharp fuzzy fuzzy
44
Calcite, dolo-
mite, pyrite,
Calcite,
arsenopyrite,
tremolite, Calcite,
Calcite, chalcopyrite, Calcite,
actinolite, dolomite, Calcite,
Mineralogy Calcite Calcite Calcite dolomite, sphalerite, dolomite,
wol- pyrite, dolomite
pyrite chalcocite, pyrite
lastonite, stibnite
stibnite, mar-
talc
casite, covel-
lite, galena
Mineralization None None None None Yes Yes Yes No Yes
Red, Green, White, red

UV fluorescence Absent Absent Absent Absent Red White
green white green
CL Red-
Dull red Dull red Dull red Dull red Bright red Red-orange Bright red Dull red
Response orange
Table 1. Vein stages and brecciation physical characteristics from core-logging, petrography, UV fluorescence and CL petrography.
Examined core from this study was not oriented. Vein orientations were measured relative to the
orientation of the core-axis and oriented relative to the drill hole plunge. Drill holes in this study have a
plunge of 80–90°. Vein orientation is stated as horizontal (0–25°), sub-horizontal (25–45°), sub-vertical
(45–65°) and vertical (65–90°) relative to the core-axis orientation (Fig. 3.1). Orientation relative to sedimen-
tary bedding was also documented. Majority of vein(let)s on surface (Horse Canyon Haul Road and proximal
to Cortez Hills), in the Dwb and Srm Formations are 60–90° to bedding.
Calcite vein density increased proximal to mapped faults on surface and at depth. Veining in the
Ohc Fm. only occurred in silty limestones (Ohc 2) and was not common. It is interpreted to be controlled by
dolomite quantity, if it has been metamorphosed to a marble, and if proximal to a fault. Veining was absent
in the Oe and Ch Formations, and fracturing occurs in its place.
3.3.1.1 Early Veins and Stylolites (S1)
Early veins are characterized as narrow (<3 mm) non-pervasive, discontinuous over short distances
(<10 cm) and oriented parallel to bedding. Non-pervasive calcite veining exploited sedimentary laminations.
Other early veins that occurred proximal to slump deposits and turbidites formed perpendicular to bedding
and displayed similar characteristics (Fig. 3.5A). Early veins are rare, observed in surface outcrops and were
not identified in drill core.
Early stylolites are characterized as wavy, chaotic continuous dissolution seams that are cut by later
vein stages and alteration. Early stylolites occur parallel to bedding in rocks on the surface and in drill core.
Stylolites are interpreted to have formed during diagenesis by burial and compaction of sediments or from
compression produced by overburden (Andrews and Railsback, 1997).
3.3.1.2 V1 stage veins
V1 stage veins are classified based on crosscutting relationships with later vein stages (V2 and V3)
and overprinting calc-silicate minerals from contact metamorphism. Four vein types are identified and de-
scribed below.
V1k are composed of coarse-grained, blocky, sparry calcite that was white in colour. They occurred
sub-horizontal to horizontal orientations, and sub-parallel to bedding. Veins have sharp boundaries and the
vein shape was wavy to planar (Fig. 3.5B). Veins are crosscut by V3.
45
B C
A V1k V1h
1 cm
F
2 cm 2 cm
D E
V1p
3.5E
V3
V1p
V3
2 cm 5 mm
PPL XPL
Figure 3.5. V1 stage veins. (A) Laminated silty limestone with a slump deposit. Discontinuous calcite
veinlets occurred beneath the slump deposit between laminations. (B) V1k calcite vein. (C) V1h calcite
vein sample from HCHR with diagenetic pyrite (HHC-71). (D) Laminated mud limestone, weakly de-
formed with V1p veinlets crosscut by oxidized V3 veinlets (DC-247-3). (E) Photomicrograph of 3.5D
Deformed V1 calcite veinlet (V1p) and laminations crosscut by an underformed V3 calcite veinlet (D).
V1h are characterized as veins that are parallel to horizontal laminations and bedding. Veins are
typically <1cm wide and vein colour varies from grey to white (Fig. 3.5C). These veins are crosscut by V2 and
V3). Vein boundaries are fuzzy and vein shape was wavy to planar. Calcite grain are equant in size within
vein(lets). Crystal shape are blocky and euhedral throughout the vein(lets).
V1p are characterized as pinch and swell veins. Veins are up to 4 mm wide but can occur as veinlets
<2 mm wide. Vein (lets) are horizontal to sub-horizontal in orientation. They have sharp boundaries, are
46
A B
V1cm
V1cm
Replaced
3.6B actino/trem
2 cm
5 mm
XPL PPL
C D
Contact
MM
V1cm
V1cm
Stylolite
Oxidation
2 cm 5 mm 5 mm
XPL XPL
Figure 3.6. V1 stage veins. (A) V1cm vein in a calc-silicate rock, altered tremolite/actinollite overprint-
ing V1 calcite vein boundaries. Pyrite has partially replaced tremolite/actinolite (DC-234-7). (B) Photo-
micrograph of 3.6A. Tremolite/actinolite overprinting vein boundaries and calcite within V1 vein. Cal-
cite in vein has been recrystallized. Actinolite/tremolite has been subsequently altered and replaced
by later fluids. (C) Scanned polished section in cross-polarized light V1cm vein in A (DC-063-14). (D)
Scanned polished section, high-angle stylolite crosscutting veinlet with pyrite growth along stylolite
boundary and sparsely throughout the wall rock (DC-063-11).
47
planar to offset in shape, and are pervasive and continuous (Fig. 3.5D, E). Vein(lets) are composed of fine-
grained calcite and may be exploited by stylolites. Crystals are blocky, euhedral and homogeneous through-
out the vein(lets). Vein growth morphology was difficult to determine owing to deformation, homogeneity
of calcite crystals, later recrystallization and alteration.
V1cm are characterized as veins overprinted by calc-silicate minerals (Fig. 3.6A, B, C). Veins are up to
1.5 cm wide and occur as veinlets. Veins are often sub-horizontal to horizontal. Vein boundaries are fuzzy to
sharp and vein shape is crumbly. Tremolite and/or actinolite are the dominant calc-silicate minerals observed
growing over vein boundaries and within vein(lets). Tremolite/actinolite are commonly altered and replaced.
V1cm was crosscut by V2 and V3. Calcite grains are very fine-grained, euhedral and blocky. Calcite grains are
equant in size in vein(lets). Crystal growth directions are difficult to determine owing to overprinting from
recrystallization and multiple alteration events.
V1 veins are very rare in the BZ which may reflect the extent of brecciation, intense alteration, and
later veining. They are best observed on surface due to preservation and clear cross-cutting relationships
with V3 veins. V1 vein types in order of decreasing abundance are: V1h>V1cm>V1p>V1k.
3.3.1.3 Contact Metamorphism
V1 veins are overprinted by contact metamorphism (Fig. 3.6A, B, C) in the Dwb and Srm Formations.
Contact metamorphism lithologies that occur are: calc-silicate and hornfelsed rocks, and less commonly
marbles and calc-silicate combinations (Fig. 3.7A to E). Contact metamorphism was not observed along the
HCHR owing to the significant distance from the Jmc stock. Contact metamorphism occurred in sparse sur-
face areas across the northern part of Cortez Hills in the hills north-west of LZ and the area between Cortez
Hills Open Pit and Old Cortez Pits. Here the metamorphosed rocks are dominantly hornfelsed lithologies
of the Dwb and Srm Formations. In the Cortez Hills deposit, contact metamorphism is greatest in MZ and
LZ. Contact metamorphism is widespread in samples collected in the deposit. Contact metamorphism was
observed in drill holes up to 4.5 km west of the Jmc stock, and 1.5 km to the south down to depths of 580
m a.s.l. The most common metamorphic mineral observed through microscopy was amphibole: tremolite
and/or actinolite (Fig. 3.7F, G, H, I). Minor amphibole and diopside occurs, and rarely wollastonite and talc.
These four metamorphic minerals are overprinted by Carlin alteration and later-stage minerals, for example:
zeolite group minerals, quartz, and dirty/fuzzy very fine-grained carbonate cement. Calcite grains in mod-
erately to strongly metamorphosed rocks have increased in grain size and formed triple junctions (Fig. 3.7I,
48
A B C D E
Marble
2 cm
Halo
2 cm
2 cm
2 cm 3.7I
Bleach-
ing front
2 cm Skarn
F G J
Act/
Act/
Trem
Trem
Woll Bleaching front
5 mm 5 mm
XPL XPL
H Act/ I
Trem
V1
10 mm 5 mm 5 mm
XPL XPL XPL
K V1cm Figure 3.7. Contact metamorphosed and bleached litholo-
V1cm gies. (A) Variably metamorphosed rock with veining and weak
brecciation. Weak to moderate bleaching. Weak oxidation
has also occurred (UGPZ-025-4). (B) Lithological contrasts
with contact metamorphism. Dashed lines separate calc-sil-
icate poor and rich areas (CHUE-361-40). (C) Calc-silicate
marble with a calcite-actinolite/tremolite vein fringed by a
Wall rock coarse-grained calcite-tremolite halo (CHUE-361-2). (D) Skarn
Ble rock with bleached contact (CHUE-361-25). (E) Sharp bleach-
ach ing fronts (CHUE-361-31). (F) Photomicrograph of C. (G) Wol-
ing
hal lastonite proximal to tremolite/actinolite. (H) Sharp bleaching
o V1cm
V1cm front shown in a photomicrograph from (E) in sample (CHUE-
XPL 361-31). (I) Photomicrograph of D. (J) Photomicrograph of E.
(K) Diffuse bleaching halo of coarse-grained calcite fringing
V1cm veins in a cut block of core (DC-063-17). Scanned pho-
tomicrograph XPL of whole cut block.
49
J). Metamorphism highlighted lithological changes with surprising sharpness (Fig. 3.7A, B, D, E). Lithologies
with a proportionally high dolomite content contain significant quantities of Fe and Mg for the production of
calc-silicate minerals especially amphibole (Fig. 3.7F, G, H, I). Recrystallization was more prevalent in earlier
veins and fractures. For example in a V1 vein (Fig. 3.7K), calcite increased in size more than in the surround-
ing wall rock. In another sample (Fig. 3.7C, I), actinolite/tremolite are interpreted to have formed in the vein
and vein boundaries suggesting that the Fe and Mg contents are higher compared to the neighboring wall
rock. Skarn lithologies occasionally occur in the Cortez District (Fig. 3.7D).
Bleaching exploited earlier veins and fractures and there was an increase in the grain size of the
calcite relative to that in unbleached rock (Fig. 3.7H). Bleaching fronts are widespread (Fig. 3.7A, E, K) and
sharp (Fig. 3.7E) and also produce haloes around fractures and veins (Fig. 3.7K). Bleaching dominantly occurs
in rocks at depth, from the orezone downwards. It is extensive and widespread in the BZ and less common in
the MZ and LZ. Bleaching is interpreted to have occurred contemporaneously with contact metamorphism.
3.3.1.4 Late Stylolites (S2)
Late stylolites occur at high angles to bedding, and proximal to areas of deformation on surface and
within orezones (Fig. 3.6D). Late stylolites (S2) are distinguished from early stylolites (S2) based on cross-cut-
ting relationships. Late stylolites crosscut V1 veins and calc-silicate minerals and are cut by V3 veins. Stylolites
ocurred parallel along vein boundaries and cutting through vein centres. They have experienced oxidization
in some sections. SEM studies of rock samples showed stylolites contain dark carbonaceous material with
extremely fine-grained dolomite and sulfides (Herron, 2017). Sulfides present in order of abundance are:
pyrite, unknown grey Cu-As sulfide that may be chalcocite and/or chalcopyrite. These observations suggest
that stylolites may be a source of Fe, S; and a fluid pathway.
Stylolites occur in the Dwb, Srm, Ohc (subunit 2) Formations within and proximal to orezones. They
are best observed in weakly brecciated and faulted rocks. Quantity of stylolites increases in the BZ compared
to the MZ and LZ. Dissolution seams are abundant in in the BZ and occur at high-angles. They occur in a cha-
otic pattern and do not exploit veins compared to the MZ and LZ. Stylolites are continuous dissolution seams
whereas dissolutions seams are discontinuous over short distances (<5 cm). Stylolites are rare on the HCHR
and Harry’s Point, and they only occur in faulted and folded areas.
Late stylolites are interpreted to have formed after diagenesis by compressional events such as fault-
50
ing and folding. They may have formed at the same time as V1 and vein V2 stages.
3.3.1.5 V2 and V2s stage veins
V2 veins are those without sulfides (Fig. 3.8) and V2s contain sulfides (Fig. 3.9). V2 and V2s stage
veins are pervasive sub-horizontal to horizontal veins that occur parallel to bedding or laminations (Fig. 3.8,
3.9). They crosscut V1p and V1h veins and are cross-cut by V3 veins (Fig. 3.10). V2 veins in MZ and LZ are
0.3 – 6 cm in width. Vein boundaries are sharp and planar. Vein shape was planar, truncated, offset, and
interconnected. Vein texture was occasionally banded and crustiform (Fig. 3.8B, C). V2 and V2s veins were
composed of calcite and occasionally dolomite. Crystal morphology is blocky and occasionally blocky-elon-
gate. Growth morphology was syntaxial; with growth occurring on the vein margins and the youngest crys-
tals in the centre (Fig. 3.8E). V2 and V2s veins were exploited V3 veins. Recrystallization of existing calcite in
V2 veins occurred and new crystal growth patterns from V3 veins obscured original V2 crystal growth. These
samples are named V2 + V3 owing to this overprinting textural relationship. V2 +V3 veins contain calcite, do-
lomite, pyrite and stibnite (Fig. 3.8D, G). Pyrite and stibnite are present on the fringes or in V2 veins and not
within the later V3 vein. One sample displayed the coarsest calcite crystals on the vein boundaries and dirty
calcite cement proximal to the stibnite (Fig. 3.9E, H). V2 and V2s samples carbonate grains were inclusion
free and twinning was straight indicating that ductile deformation did not occur during or after formation.
V2 veins occur in all orezones, but V2s stage veins have not been observed in the BZ. V2 veins are
more abundant than V3 veins, and V2s veins are rare compared to V2 veins. These two vein stages are inter-
preted to have formed shortly before and during Carlin-type mineralization at Cortez Hills as outlined in the
next section.
Mineralization Associated with V2 and V2s Veins
Several types of mineralization and ore minerals occur between the three orezones. Minerals pres-
ent are: pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, stibnite, galena, sphalerite, covellite, malachite, marcasite, realgar,
orpiment, hematite, goethite, magnetite, and sphalerite (Fig. 3.9). Realgar and orpiment occur in areas of
medium to strong decarbonatization and are rarely observed in conjunction with calcite veining and brec-
ciation. Chalcocite was observed in the Ohc Fm. in MZ, LZ and LLZ orezones. A detailed paragenesis on ore
mineralogy and timing was outside the scope of this study but their approximate timing relative to veining
and alteration was examined. Mineralization styles within the orezones vary from:
51
A B C D
V2 2 cm 2 cm
3.8E
V2s +V3
V2
V2 +
Oxidation 3.8G
V2s 2 cm
2 cm V2s
E F
Cct vein
Framboidal
Stylolites pyrite
3.8F O
Y
2 mm 1 mm
XPL PPL XPL RFL
Figure 3.8. V2 veins and sulfidation. (A) V2 vein G
(DC-234-2). (B) V2 vein parallel to laminations,
weakly laminated veins with one that has been
oxidized (DC-246-2). (C) Crustiform calcite vein
parallel to laminations in a silicified and decar-
bonatized silty limestone. Medium oxidation
has occurred (DC-234-5). (D) V2 +V3 vein in a
calc-silicate marble (CHUD-937). (E) V2 vein with V3
stylolites fringing the vein boundary. Younging
direction annotated on photomicrograph (DC-
234-2). (F) Zoomed in photomicrograph of E. (G)
Photomicrograph of D. V2+V3 vein with stibnite
and pyrite present in V2s vein remnants. V2s
5 mm
XPL
52
A V2s B C D Real EC Stib +cct
3.9O
2 cm
Cct
Py 3.9I
3.9H
Py
V2s Vug 2 cm
Goe
Cct Gal Cct 2 cm
F
Stib Decalcified Py
2 cm
2 cm Cpy Qz
Py 2 cm Cpy
Cpy + Stib Cct
G H Py replacing I XPL RFL
veinlets Actin/
3.9P Trem
V1h
Real Py
Mud
Cct Py replaced
trem. Cct
Py
Qz
Cct Cct
V1h cement
5 mm 5 mm
2 cm PPL + RFL Stib Stib
J Figure 3.9. V2s veins and sulfidation. (A) Interconnected V2s vein with pyrite
O growing on the margins and over the vein boundary (CHUD-699a). (B) Calcite and
sulfide replacement vein containing pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite (CHUD-924).
(C) Sulfide replacement of calcite, remnants of calcite are represented by vugs.
Vein experienced offset and contains abundant stylolites (DC-246-9). (D) Crackle
Qz breccia with calcite infill and late realgar (DC-089-2). (E) Heaviliy altered sample
Y
with V2s stibnite rich vein (~90% of vein) and pyrite in the wall rock (CHUE-401).
Y (F) Silicified coarse-grained quartz vein in mud-limestone (CHUD-870). (G) V1h
vein with realgar replacing calcite and subsequently cut by V3 vein (CHUE-017-
21). (H) Photomicrograph of A. Pyrite replacing calcite veinlets and overprinting
Cct vein boundary. (I) Photomicrograph of E. Heavily altered sample with a cal-
O cite-stibnite vein. Pyrite is replacing tremolite, stibnite has replaced calcite and
calcite cement has infilled space. (J) Photomicrograph of F. Younging direction is
5 mm indicated. Calcite and quartz has replaced the whole vein.
XPL
53
K L
Py
Mar
Cpy
Cpy
1 mm 2 mm
RFL RFL
M N
Py
Cpy Sph
Py Cov Qz
Cct
200 μm 1 mm
RFL RFL PPL
O Py P
Real
Real
2 mm 5 mm
PPL + RFL XPL
Figure 3.9 cont. V2s veins and sulfidation. (K) Photomicrograph of F. (L) Photomicrograph of B. (M) Photo-
micrograph of A. Chalcopyrite breaking down to covellite. (N) Photomicrograph of F. (O) Zoomed in pho-
tomicrograph of (D) where realgar and pyrite replaced calcite. (P) Photomicrograph of G. Realgar infilling
an offset V1 vein, calcite has been recrystallized and replaced. Py-pyrite, Real-realgar, Cpy-chalcopyrite,
Cov-covellite, Cct-calcite, Qz-quartz, Mar-marcasite, Trem-tremolite.
54
1. Sulfides precipitating in existing calcite veins (Fig. 3.9A, B, C, G).
2. Pyrite replacing tremolite and/or actinolite and disseminated in fractures (Fig. 3.9I).
3. Disseminated pyrite and chalcopyrite, sulfide replacement of calcite (Fig. 3.9K, L).
4. Realgar infilling calcite veins (Fig. 3.9G, P) and occurring within brecciation (Fig. 3.9D, O).
5. Pyrite and chalcopyrite forming within or proximal to stylolites or dissolution seams (Fig.
3.9 O).
Sphalerite also occurred in a carbonate replacement sample (chalcopyrite-stibnite-pyrite-galena)
(Fig. 3.9B). Sphalerite (Fig. 3.9F, I) is overprinted by chalcopyrite and contains inclusions of chalcopyrite. A
weakly silicified stibnite-calcite vein (Fig. 3.9F, J) contained several large grains of sphalerite up to 0.9 mm
in length (Fig. 3.9N). V2s vein stage in Fig. 3.9P contains realgar and ~10% fine-grained pyrite infilling grain
boundaries and may indicate the vein formed prior to mineralization and experienced dissolution via Carlin
fluids and replacement by sulfide minerals at a later stage.
3.3.1.6 V3 stage veins
V3 veins are oriented vertical to sub-vertical and crosscut V1 and V2 stages. They have a width of
0.5–1.5 cm. Vein boundaries are sharp and wavy to planar in shape (Fig. 3.10, 3.11). They are undulatory in
shape if brecciation has occurred contemporaneously. They are milky white to grey in colour and translucent.
V3 veins are the easiest vein stage to identify in LZ and MZ owing to their high angle to other vein stages (50-
90°) and their orientation relative to the core-axis. Veins are perpendicular to bedding and are occasionally
only partially sealed with relict pore space and vugs (Fig. 3.10A, C, 3.11C). Carbonate grains are inclusion-free
and twinning is straight indicating deformation did not occur during or after formation. Veins are not over-
printed by contact metamorphism or Carlin fluids. Zeolite and quartz have infilled vein boundaries and vug
space. V3 stage veins exploited and overprinted earlier V2 veins (3.10B, E). Carbonate crystals are blocky to
elongate-blocky and displayed three-point grain contact (Fig. 3.10E). V3 stage veins are syntaxial with growth
direction occurring from vein boundaries towards the centres and coarsest crystals representing the young-
est (Fig. 3.10E, F, H). V3 veins display the best crystal growth in terms of symmetry and crystal size heteroge-
neity from the vein boundary towards the centre.
V3 veins in the BZ are commonly grey-white coarse massive calcite. Intense white, very coarse-
55
A B C D
V3 V3
V3
V1h
V2s 3.10E
3.10F
V1 V1h
V2+V3
1 cm
2 cm
2 cm 2 cm
E F Medial-
Medial-
line line
Cct V1h
V3
V3
O
Y V2 Mud & Cct
Y
Cct
O O
O Y Y
V2+V3
2 mm 1 mm
XPL XPL
G H
V3 V3
Cct
O Y Y O
V1? V1cm
V2?
2 mm 1 mm
XPL XPL
Figure 3.10. V3 vein stage relationships. (A) V2s vein cross-cut by perpendicular partially
sealed V3 vein (DC-234-2). (B) V3 vein exploited an earlier V2 vein (UGPZ-025-3). (C) Partially
sealed V3 vein cutting V1h vein, vugs present within the V3 vein, suture line is visible (CHUE-
017-3). (D) V3 vein sub-perpendicular and cross-cutting earlier V1h veins (CHUE-017-6). (E)
Youngest crystals are in the vein centre and oldest on the vein boundary (UGPZ-025-3). (F)
V3 vein cutting V1h vein which has been recrystallized and replaced. V3 vein shows syntaxial
growth with youngest crystals on the vein boundary and oldest in the centre (CHUE-017-6). (G)
V3 vein exploiting an earlier V2 (?) vein with syntaxial crystal growth (DC-247-3). (H) V3 vein
cutting a V1cm vein. V3 vein is perpendicular to V1cm and is pristine with syntaxial growth.
56
HHC-41
A V3 B V3
2 cm
C D
Partially
sealed
vein
2 cm
2 cm
V3-laminated
V3-laminated
E Proximal to fault F
2 cm
V3-brecciated
Figure 3.11. V3 surface veins, Horse Canyon Haul Road and surrounding areas. (A)
Bedded mud limestone outcrop with vertical, parallel, repetitive and continuous calcite
HHC-1C
veining. (B) Typical veining present distal to faults in the HCHR; vertical to sub-vertical
parallel calcite veins that are <3cm in width. (C) Partially sealed laminated calcite vein
in a silty-limestone. (D) Oxidized lime siltstone with strongly laminated/crustiform cal-
cite vein with minor quartz perpendicular to bedding in the Srm Fm. (CP-1). (E) Loca-
tion <10m of the Cortez Fault in the Srm Fm.; chaotic and intense cross-cutting calcite
veining. (F) Hand sample from E.
57
grained calcite “flooding” occurred where veins are <3 m wide. In thin section, vein crystal growth was very
chaotic with a lack of symmetry and growth patterns.
V3 veins are the most common vein stage on surface where they are vertical (perpendicular to bed-
ding), planar to wavy in shape with sharp vein boundaries (Fig. 3.11). In addition, they are milky white (rarely
grey) in colour, coarse-grained (~0.2–3.5 cm) and have a blocky crystal morphology. V3 veins are the widest,
coarsest grained and most extensive veins along the HCHR. On surface, veins are continuous from metres
to 10’s of metres. At one locality there was a 35 cm wide milky white, 1.0–3.5 cm grain size, vertical calcite
vein with minor brecciation on vein margins. These veins often bifurcate and deviate from the vertical and
sub-vertical to the sub-horizontal (Fig. 3.11B). These veins have sharp boundaries, are dominantly planar in
shape but may be occasionally wavy (Fig. 3.11C).Brecciated veins dominantly occur perpendicular to bed-
ding. Crystal shape and size was relatively homogeneous and coarse within the veins. V3 veins are persistent
in the Cortez Hills proximal area within the Dwb and Srm Formations. V3 veins differ slightly as they are
occasionally banded and were partially sealed (Fig. 3.11C). All veins observed on the HCHR were sealed and
in the Cortez Hills area partially sealed veins were more common. In close proximity to faults, brecciated rock
occurred with moderate to strong veining intensity (Fig. 3.11E, F). Surface structural data and vein orienta-
tions have an average NW-SE trending direction (Rose-Diagram in Appendix B5).
V3 veins occur throughout the Cortez District in the mechanically weaker and reactive Dwb and Srm
formations. V3 is the most abundant and preserved vein stage. They were interpreted to have formed after
the Carlin event.
3.3.1.7 Vein Ultra-Violet Fluorescence Response
Ultra-violet (UV) fluorescence in alteration minerals has not been systematically described in Carlin
systems. Ultra-violet fluorescence of minerals was described qualitatively in terms of colour and intensity
in this study. Colours range from hues of green, red, weak purple-red, yellow and white. Some rocks display
weak phosphorescence for up to 4 seconds. Results are summarized in Table 2. for each vein stage and event.
Examples are presented in Fig. 3.12 and 3.13.
Surface samples displayed UV fluorescence in 12/122 samples. Fluorescence occurred in veinlets <2
mm in width and stylolites that crosscut earlier wider (<3 cm) vertical V3 veins. The main correlation with
these veinlets is proximity to two structural areas. Samples are proximal to mapped faults and the other
58
samples are all within a structurally complex area on the northern extent of the HCHR where there is a large
antiform and extensive km-scale thrust fault through the area. A later calcite vein displaying light green UV
fluorescence cuts brecciation in sample (Fig. 3.12A). Core samples displayed UV fluorescence in 64/250 sam-
ples. V1 veins displayed no fluorescence. Fluorescence was observed dominantly in V2, V2s, and V3 veins,
veinlets, and brecciation. It occurred rarely in wall rock and occasionally in fresh, unaltered tremolite and/
or actinolite. A red colour dominantly occurs in V2 vein boundaries (Fig. 3.12B) V2s veins (Fig. 3.12D), and
V2+V3 veins (Fig. 3.12F and Fig. 3.13B). Green and white colours occurred in several V2 veins but more com-
monly in V3 veins (Fig. 3.13A) and brecciation 2 (Fig. 3.12C). A lime green colour only occurred in tremolite
and/or actinolite (Fig. 3.13C). A lime yellow colour occurred throughout the wall rock in two drill holes be-
neath LZ and LLZ in several samples (Fig. 3.13D). These samples are located in MZ and LZ at different depths
in the Srm Fm. All three colours were observed in each orezone. Phosphorescence was observed in 14/372
core and surface hand samples. Eight of the 14 samples were collected from the BZ.
Ultra-violet fluorescence in this study displays a similar pattern to other carbonate-hosted deposits;
strong, bright, red colours are associated with mineralization (Escalante, 2008; Cook, 2016; Vaughan et al.
2016; Cantor, 2017).
Table 2. Vein stage ultra-violet fluorescence response.
Vein Stage Fluorescence Colour

V1 Absent
Contact Metamorphism Absent, lime green
V2 Absent, red, green
V2s Absent, red
V3 Absent, green, white
3.3.1.8 Vein Cathodoluminescence Response
The primary objective of the cathodoluminescence study was to describe luminescence response of
vein stages and to investigate crystal growth types to highlight vein stages and vein morphology. Results are
summarized in Table 3. Examples from four vein stages (V1p, V2s, V2+V3 and V3) are displayed in Fig. 3.14.
V2s, brecciation and faulting stages displayed the brightest CL response in veins and occasionally in
wall rock (Fig. 3.14B). Luminescence was absent and occasionally a dull red in V3 surface samples (n=10)
along the HCHR and Cortez Hills area. Luminescence highlighted recrystallization in many V2 and V2s veins.
59
B
V2
A
V1
2 cm
V2
2 cm
V3-Breccia V3-Breccia V1
C Crackle breccia D V2s

2 cm
2 cm
V1
Crackle breccia V2s
V1
E Clay-Ox Breccia F
2 cm
V3 V2+V3
2 cm
V3
V2+V3
Figure 3.12. Ultra-violet shortwave fluorescence of surface hand and core samples across all three ore-
zones. Vein stage is annoted to each photograph. (A) White-green fluorescence in a late vein cutting a V3
breccia vein (HHC-10.1). (B) Red fluorescence fringing white-blue fluorescent veins. Calcite within vugs
are also fluorescing a strong red (CHUE-361-30). (C) Green fluorescence within a crackle breccia cutting a
V1 vein (DC-063-640). (D) Red fluorescence in a V2s calcite vein (CHUD-924). (E) Red fluorescence on the
margins of clay altered and oxidized breccia (DC-063). (F) Mixture of purple and weak white fluorescence
in a V2+V3 vein (UGPZ-025-3).
60
B V2+ V3
A
V3
2 cm 2 cm
V3
V2+ V3
C D
2 cm 2 cm
Calc-silicates Calc-silicates
Figure 3.13. Ultra-violet shortwave fluorescence of core samples in orezones. Vein stage is
annoted to each photograph. (A) Strong green-white fluorescence in a vertical V3 vein of a
mud-limestone (HHC-10.1). (B) White fluorescence along the crustiform bands with a a vari-
ation in intensity, within a heavily altered V2+V3 sample (DC-247-1). (C) Strong green-white
fluorescence in tremolite in a strongly metamorphosed calc-silicate rich rock that has not
been altered by later alteration events (CHUE-361-38). (D) Weak yellow-white fluorescence of
calc-silicate minerals in wall rock of a calc-silicate marble at significant depth below Lower Zone
(CHUE-361-41).
61
Oscillatory zonation is present in V3 and V2+V3 calcite veins, and skarn samples. For example, in a V2+V3
sample (Fig. 3.14C) calcite displayed oscillatory zonation with a medium red response. Carbonate cements,
vein boundaries and median lines of veins displayed the strongest luminescence. Veins are more luminescent
compared to wall rock. Luminescence only occurred in wall rock of strongly metamorphosed and mineralized
samples with carbonate recrystallization and replacement.
Cortez Hills samples associated with V2 veins displayed the strongest luminescence response. These
findings are consistent with studies of syn- or intermediate veins at the Goldstrike CTD (Vaughan et al. 2016),
Remac MVT deposit (Cook, 2016) and CRD deposits (Escalante, 2008). Vein stages with the brightest lumi-
nescence responses correlated with those that displayed an intense red UV fluorescence. Cathodolumines-
cence and petrography highlighted different stages of calcite growth within a single vein. The difference in
calcite growth enables precise sampling of vein stages that were differentiated using CL, UV and standard
petrography.
Table 3. Vein stage cold-cathode luminescence response.
Vein Stage and Luminescence

Location Response
V1 Absent to dull red
V2 Bright red
V2s Bright red-orange
V3 Absent to dull red
3.3.2 Vein (Fluid) Chemistry
3.3.2.1 Portable X-ray Fluorescence Concentrations
Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (pXRF) analysis is a non-destructive low cost semi-quantitative method
to measure element concentration of a rock’s chemical composition. Portable XRF instrument technology
and workflow procedures are improving the accuracy and precision of the methodology (Fisher et al. 2014;
Lemiere and Uvarova, 2017), including carbonate studies (Que-Sawyer et al. 2015). It is used in the mining
and mineral exploration industry for purposes such as metallurgy, soil sampling, pre-screening for assay-
ing, mapping types of hydrothermal alteration, lithogeochemistry and chemostratigraphy (Arne et al. 2014;
Piercey and Devine, 2014; Mauriohooho et al. 2016, Lemiere and Uvarova, 2017). Portable XRF was used to
determine vein chemical compositions to investigate fluorescence, alteration, and fluid chemistry. It is an im-
62
A V1p
p
V1
V1
V3
V3
5 mm
CL PPL
B V2s
V3
5 mm
CL PPL
C V2+V3
k
oc
k
oc
lr
lr
al
al
W
n
i
Ve
5 mm
CL PPL
D V3
Wall Wall
Rock Rock
V3 V3
5 mm
CL PPL
Figure 3.14. Cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy of four vein types. (A) Lower Zone V1 pinch and swell
vein cut by a V3 veinlet (DC-247-4). V1 vein displays a dull response, and CL is absent in the V3 veinlet. (B)
Lower Zone V2s vein, altered vein and wall rock displaying a bright red response, especially within calcite
veinlets (CHUE-401). (C) Lower Zone V2+V3 vein with crustiform texture displaying a bright red response
and concentric zonation (DC-247-1). (D) V3 surface sample displaying no response to CL (HHC-69).
63
portant method as it is highly used, accessible and applicable in industry especially in CTDs where alteration
and mineralization is often cryptic and invisible. In CTDs, elements that are added to systems in large quan-
tities are: As, Hg, Sb, Tl and S, and smaller quantities: Te, Cu, W, Mo, Se, Fe, Ag, Pb, Si, Ba, Cs and Zn (Cline
et al. 2005). Elements removed from host rocks by Carlin fluids are: carbonate C, Ca, Mg, Sr, Mn, Na and Sc
(Hofstra and Cline, 2000). High Fe concentrations may indicate pyritizationmay have occurred. Pyritization
is an important control of pyrite and gold deposition (Cline et al. 2005). High Fe concentrations may also
indicate oxidation with the liberation of Fe from ferroan carbonate. As is the only CTD pathfinder element
investigated due to their low analytical error. Pb and Zn are closely related to intrusion-related or base-metal
mineralization. Results are displayed in Fig. 3.15 to 3.16. Pathfinder element concentrations are summarized
in Table 4. Full geochemistry results are available in Appendix C with QA-QC protocols. Main observations
made are described below:
• V1 veins displayed low but elevated concentrations of As, Fe, Pb, Zn but at lower abun-
dance than in V2, V2s and brecciated concentrations. V1 veins displayed low (<100 ppm)
Mn concentrations.
• V2 veins displayed the highest As, Fe, and Pb concentrations, and very high (>200 ppm)
Mn concentrations (Fig. 3.15).
• V3 veins displayed the lowest As, Fe, Mn concentrations (Fig. 3.15). Some V3 vein show
elevated As, Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations.
Vein V1 V2 V2s V3 BX
Stage/
Element
As (ppm) 1 –23 3 –305 21 –225 3 –32 0.5 –40
370– 900– 21000– 600– 850–

Fe (ppm)
7100 25000 216000 4800 13,300
Mn (ppm) 45–200 65–830 340–460 25–190 130–1700
Pb (ppm) 1–14 0–11 6.5–140 0–16 0–11
Sb (ppm) 5–18 3–62 27–16200 0–12 5–54
Table 4. Chemical ranges for each vein stage identified via cross-cutting relation-
ships and physical characteristics.
64
10000 1000
A B
V1
1000
V1cm
100
V1h V1
V1cm
V1p
As (ppm)
V1h
Mn (ppm)
V1p
100 V2 V2
V2s
V2s
V3 Surface
Vein Stage & Event Vein Stage & Event Faulting
V3 Surface
V1 10 V1 Brecciation
Faulting V2+V3
V2 V2
10 V3
V2s Brecciation V2s
V3 V3 V3
V3 surface V3 surface
N=55 Brecciation
V2+V3
N=55 Brecciation
1 1
100 1000 10000 100 1000 10000 100000
Fe (ppm) Fe (ppm)
10000
C
20
D
18
V1 Vein Stage & Event
V1cm V1
16
1000 V1h V2
V1p
14 V2s V1
V2
V3 V1cm
V2s 12 V1h
V3 surface
Mn (ppm)
Pb (ppm)
V3 Surface V1p
Brecciation
100 Faulting10 V2
Brecciation V2s
Vein Stage & Event

V3 8 V3 Surface
V2+V3 Faulting
V1
6 Brecciation
V2
10 V3
V2s 4 V2+V3
V3
V3 surface 2
N=55 Brecciation N=55

0
1
1 10 100
0 1 10 100 1000
Zn (ppm)
As (ppm)
Figure 3.15. Vein chemical compositions. X-Y scatterplots to display relationships between vein stages
and element concentrations obtained using the pXRF. (A) Mn versus Fe. (B) As versus Fe (ppm). (C) Mn
versus As (ppm). (D) Pb versus Zn.
65
3.3.2.2 13C and 18O Isotope Compositions
For this study, δ18O, δ13C were measured from calcite for 25 veins from surface exposures and 89
veins from within or proximal to orezones. Results are displayed in Fig. 3.17 to 3.24. and vein stage ranges are
displayed in Table 5. Full results are in Appendix D. Vein stages (Fig. 3.17; 3.22), vein heterogeneity (Fig. 3.23),
and vein-wall rock pairs (Fig. 3.24) results are presented in scatterplots. Vein-wall rock pairs were investigated
to assess fluid -rock interactions and compare starting isotope compositions of wall rock relative to the fluid.
Sample photographs with drilled vein and wall rock isotope compositions are presented in Fig. 3.18 to 3.21.
Photographs highlight the physical characteristics and intensity of alteration with isotope compositions.
Vein isotopic compositions are described using the terms: depleted, weakly depleted and undeplet-
ed. Depleted is depicted by red boxes and undepleted by grey boxes in isotope scatterplots. Two additional
terms are used to describe vein compositions: rock-buffered versus fluid-buffered, which are part of flu-
id-rock interactions and reaction transport theory (Fig. 3.16). At the early stages of vein growth or minerals
infilling fractures, the isotope composition of that calcite may reflect that of the wall rock (rock-buffered).
With increasing time, the external fluid interacts with rocks along its path causing the vein to become in-
creasingly fluid-buffered to represent the composition of the fluid (Blattner and Lassey, 1989; Frimmel, 1992;
A B
Fluid Low flow
δ O
18
rate
advection Rock
t
0
t
Fluid Host 1 t
High flow
Reservoir Rock 2 t rate
3
δ18O
Vein
(Fluid) Migration of Isotopic Front
Distance Distance
Figure 3.16. Schematic diagrams displaying the
18
O evolution of a vein that represents the fluid
C
through time and distance and fluid-rock interac- δ 18
O Rock buffered
Rock
tion. (A) A fluid transported from a reservoir via a
Low flow
conduit by advection through a sequence of car- rate
bonate host rocks with a less depleted 18O compo-
sition. (B) Evolution of a fluid with distance through
time (t0, t1, t2, t3). (C) Evolution of a vein (fluid) with High flow
time regarding the interaction between fluid and δ 18
O rate
Vein
rock. With increasing time, the flow rate decreases (Fluid) Fluid buffered
and the fluid becomes progressively fluid buffered.
Modified from Barker, (2007); Cox, (2007). Time
66
Bowman et al. 1994; Cox, 2007). If veins are distal to the fluid source or major conduits, they may have
experienced a smaller proportion of the representative fluid and are subsequently less depleted relative to
V-SMOW. For this chapter, δ18O and δ13C compositions are described as depleted relative to V-SMOW and
V-PDB.
Table 5. Vein stage 13C and 18O compositions.
δ13C Range δ18O Range No. of

Vein Stage
(V-PDB) ‰ (V-SMOW) ‰ Analyses
V1 -3.7 to 2.8 20 to 25.5 8
V2 -4.8 to 0.8 -1.4 to 15.5 30
V2s -5.1 to 0.3 3.2 to 16.5 7
V3 -4.2 to 4.0 -1.1 to 29.5 40
Vein Stages and Contact Metamorphism
The previous section (3.3.2.1) described cross-cutting relationships and physical characteristics of 10
vein types across 3 vein stages. For simplicity, isotope results have been narrowed to 5 vein types (V1, V2,
V2s, V3, V3 surface) across the 3 vein stages for scatterplots. Breccia isotopic compositions are included in
scatterplots because some vein stages are verging on weak crackle breccias. Contact metamorphism may
impact defining the carbonate alteration footprint in Chapter 4. Individual vein stages and contact metamor-
phism are described below.
• All V1 vein types except V1cm show undepleted δ18O compositions from 20.0 to 25.5 ‰
(Fig. 3.17). V1cm veins show δ18O depleted compositions from 11.4 to 13.8 ‰ which is a
shift of >8 ‰ compared to other V1 types.
• Contact metamorphism wall rock samples were not plotted on scatterplots and spot
analyses are presented (Fig. 3.18, 3.19). The δ13C-δ18O composition range for wall rock
was -4 to -0.5 ‰ and 8 to 17 ‰. The contrast between a strongly metamorphosed
(δ18O-19.4 ‰) and weak metamorphosed (δ18O-11.6 ‰) rock is highlighted in Fig. 3.19B.
Contact metamorphism shows δ13C and δ18O depletion with skarn lithologies (Fig. 3.18C)
and displayed greater depletion compared to calc-silicates.
67
• V2 and V2s samples are isotopically depleted with the exception of two samples (Fig.
3.17A, B). A cluster of V2 veins occurs with a δ18O isotopic composition of 3 to 9 ‰ and
δ13C of -1 to -5 ‰. V2s veins are δ18O depleted but to a lesser degree compared to V2
with compositions ranging from 7.5 to 16 ‰.
• V3 samples displayed the lowest δ18O mean for all vein stages (Fig. 3.17A, B). V3 veins
are separated into surface and core (Fig. 3.17B) because of a strong contrast in δ18O com-
positions. V3 surface veins are more undepleted, and are rock-buffered compared to V3
deposit veins that are more depleted and fluid-buffered.
• V3 surface veins are separated using physical characteristics; brecciated, laminated and
non-laminated (Fig. 3.17B). The majority of V3 surface samples are undepleted in δ18O
with the exception of brecciated and laminated types (Fig. 3.21A, B). Another sample
proximal to a fault displays weak δ18O depletion but was not laminated or brecciated
(Fig. 3.21D). These three samples are from a fault and a >1m wide calcite vein.
• Brecciated samples are δ18O depleted from 1 to 17.5 ‰ and δ13C undepleted from 1 to 2
‰ (Fig. 3.17). A detailed breccia paragenesis may shed light on the latter large variation.
Arsenic and Mn geochemical results were plotted against δ18O and δ13C compositions in X-Y scatter-
plots (Fig. 3.22). Scatterplots show an increase in element concentrations with increasing δ18O depletion. V1
and V3 surface vein stages have low As (<10 ppm) and Mn concentrations (<125 ppm), and are undepleted in
δ18O compositions. V3 deposit veins display a mixed relationship for all four parameters. These relationships
indicate V2 and V2s can be identified geochemically and isotopically but may overlap in As and Mn with V3
veins. Arsenic and Mn do not display any clear relationships with δ13C depletion except for V3 surface veins.
Vein Heterogeneity
To test isotope heterogeneity of the veins, several spots were micro-drilled in the vein and the wall
rock. Distance from the vein boundary to the wall rock was consistent at 2 cm. A total of five samples were
selected from V2, V2s, V2 + V3 and V3 vein stages (Fig. 3.23). V1 samples were not analyzed because they
are commonly replaced, recrystallized, altered and difficult to micro-drill due to their narrow width (<1mm).
Main observations are:
68
depleted
N=82
-6
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
δ18O (V-SMOW)‰
A Rock-
buffered/
4
undepleted
2
Vein Stage & Event
Brecciation
Faulting
V1
δ13C (V-PDB)‰
V1
0
V1cm V2
V1h
V1p
V2s
V2
V2s
V3
-2 V2+V3
V3 V3 surface
Unknown
Surface
Brecciation
-4 Fluid-
buffered /
depleted
N=107
-6
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
δ18O (V-SMOW)‰
CH-27
B Rock-
CH-32
buffered/ CH-33
4
undepleted CH-42
CH-46.3
CH-57.2
CH-66
2
CP-1
HHC-10.1
HHC-11.2
δ13C (V-PDB)‰
HHC-1A
0 HHC-1C
HHC-36.1
HHC-54.2
Fluid- HHC-58
buffered / HHC-63
-2 depleted HHC-65
HHC-66
HHC-69
HP-4
Legend CH-2
-4
V3
CH-71
V3 Brecciated
CP-6
V3 Laminated
HHC-1B2
N=25 HHC-26
-6
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
δ18O(V-SMOW) ‰
Figure 3.17. Vein isotope compositions. (A) X-Y scatterplot of 13C and 18O
results for all veins from deposit core samples. (B) X-Y scatterplot of 13C
and 18O results for all veins from surface hand samples.
69
A B C D
V3 δ18O: 11.64
δ13C: -1.98
V3
δ18O: 17.47
δ13C: -2.59 δ18O: 24.02
δ13C: -0.45
δ18O: 24.80
δ13C: 1.61
V1cm
V1cm V1p
δ18O: 11.86
δ13C: -1.57
δ18O: 25.67
V1
δ18O: 13.93 δ13C: 0.00 No value
δ18O: 25.17
δ13C: -2.24 δ13C: 2.31
Figure 3.18. Vein (fluid)-wall rock interactions. 13C and 18O micro-drill spot results for selected V1 vein
stages to investigate fluid chemistry. Type of sample is annotated on each photograph. (A) V1cm sample
(DC-234-7). (B) V3 and V1p sample (DC-247-3). (C) V1 and V3 sample (CHUE-017-6). (D) V1cm and oxida-
tion sample (CHUE-361-16).
A B δ18O: 11.59 C D
δ13C: -3.68
δ18O: 10.86
δ13C: -2.46
δ18O: 20.21 δ18O: 17.25
δ13C: -0.49 No value δ13C: -4.07
Ca
lc-
sil
ica δ18O: 6.64
te δ18O: 8.03 δ18O: 17.46
po δ13C: -2.28 δ13C: -2.78 δ13C: -0.47
δ18O: 21.36 or
δ13C: -0.10 δ18O: 19.41 MM
Ca δ13C: -2.84
lc-
sil
ica
te δA
18
O: -1.06 Skarn
A ric A
h δ C: -0.58
13
Figure 3.19. Vein (fluid)-wall rock interactions. 13C and 18O micro-drill spot results for selected metamor-
phosed rock samples to investigate fluid chemistry. The type of sample is annotated on each photograph.
(A) Contrasting calc-silicate rich and poor lithology boundaries. (CHUE-361-40). (B) Variably bleached and
metamorphosed limestone with weakly metamorphosed mud-limestone adjacent to calcite veining (UGPZ-
025-4). (C) Skarn with fine-grained grey chalcocite, sharp bleaching boundary highlighted by brown and
white colouration(CHUE-361-25). (D) Calc-silicate marble with two generations of veining and an oxidation
event. Note the calcite-tremolite vein (MM) has a selvage and halo (CHUE-361-2).
70
B C D
No value
δ18O: 4.26
A δ13C: -2.88
δ18O: -1.55 δ O: 14.68
18
δ18O: 16.85
δ13C: -0.97 δ C: -4.48
13
V2s δ13C: -1.81
V2s V2 +
V3
δ18O: 11.76
δ18O: 10.65
δ13C: -2.52
δ13C: -1.60
V2
δ18O: 4.93
δ13C: 0.88
E V2s F H
G
V3 V1h
V3
δ18O: 17.22
δ13C: -0.36
δ18O: -0.57
Silicification & δ13C: -0.42
Chaotic breccia 1
oxidation
Figure 3.20. Vein (fluid)-wall rock interactions. 13C and 18O micro-drill spot results for selected V2, V2s,
V2+V3, V3 vein stage rock samples. The type of sample is annotated on each photograph. (A) V2s stibnite
rich vein in an altered silty-limestone (CHUE-401). (B) V2s sulphide rich replacement vein with varied sul-
phide mineraligy. Rock is bleached, oxidized and silicified (CHUD-924). (C) V2+V3 sample with stibnite pres-
ent in V2 vein (CHUD-937). (D) V2 vein in a well laminated silty-limestone (DC-246-2). (E) Intensely silicified
and oxidized well laminated silty limestone with a crustiform V2s vein (DC-234-5). (F) Chaotic breccia with
cross-cutting hematite-goethite vein (DC-234-10). (G) V3 vein in weakly metamorphosed limestone (CHUE-
361-39). (H) Silty limestone with two vein generations (CHUE-017-6).
71
A B
δ18O: 14.36
δ13C: -1.63
δ18O: 13.05 δ18O: -0.37
δ13C: 1.08 δ13C: 1.05
δ18O: 9.14
δ13C: -1.82
V3 Laminated V3 Brecciation
C
D
δ18O: 26.05 δ18O: 19.19 δ18O: 24.32

δ13C: 1.75
δ13C: 1.66 δ13C: 2.32
δ18O: 26.13
δ13C: 2.72
V3
V3
E F
V3
δ18O: 17.98
δ13C: -0.71
δ18O: 24.92
δ18O: 25.44
δ13C: 0.44
δ13C: 0.50
No Carbonate
V3
Figure 3.21. Vein (fluid)-wall rock interactions. 13C and 18O micro-drill spot results for selected sur-
face V3, V3 laminated and V3 brecciated veins to investigate fluid chemistry. The type of sample
is annotated on each photograph. (A) Oxidized lime siltstone with strongly laminated/crustiform
calcite vein with minor quartz perpendicular to bedding. Srm Fm. (CP-1). (B) Oxidized laminated
silty limestone with a weakly brecciated V3 calcite vein perpendicular to bedding, Srm Fm. (HHC-
10.1). (C) Mud limestone with a V3 calcite vein (HHC-66). (D) Mud limestone with a wide blocky
calcite vein proximal to a fault (CH-27). (E) Heavily fractured quartzite containing a laminated
dolomitic V3 vein Ohc Fm. (HHC-7). (F) Dwb Fm. mud limestone with a V3 vein (HP-4).
72
30 30
A Rock- B Rock-
buffered/ buffered/
25 25
undepleted V1
undepleted V1
20 V1cm20 V1cm
V1h V1h
δ18O (V-SMOW)‰
δ18O (V-SMOW)‰
Fluid- Fluid-
V1p V1p
15
buffered /
15
buffered /
depleted
V2
depleted V2
10 V2s 10 V2s
V3 Surface V3 Surface
5 5
Faulting Faulting
Brecciation Brecciation
0 V3 0 V3
V2+V3 V2+V3
N=45 N=45
-5 -5
0.1
0 1 10 100 0.1
1 10 100 1000
As (ppm) Mn (ppm)
Rock- 3
Rock-
3
C buffered/ D buffered/
2 undepleted 2 undepleted
V1 V1
1 1
V1cm V1cm
0 0 V1h
V1h
δ13C (V-PDB)‰
δ13C (V-PDB)‰
Fluid-
V1p
-1
V1p
-1 Fluid-
buffered / V2
buffered / V2
-2 -2
depleted V2s
depleted V2s
V3 Surface V3 Surface
-3 -3
Faulting Faulting
-4 -4
Brecciation Brecciation
V3 V3
-5 -5
V2+V3 V2+V3
N=45 N=45
-6 -6
0.1
0 1 10 100 0.1
1 10 100 1000
As (ppm) Mn (ppm)
Figure 3.22. Vein chemical and isotopic compositions. X-Y scat-

terplots to display relationships between δ18O and δ13C versus Vein Stage & Event
As and Mn obtained using the pXRF. (A) δ18O versus As. (B) δ18O
V1
versus Mn (ppm) versus Pb (ppm). (C) δ13C versus As. (D) δ13C
versus Mn (ppm). V2
V2s
V3
V3 surface
Brecciation
73
A
B
δ18O: 15.59 V2+V3
δ13C: -2.92 δ18O: 16.51
δ13C: -3.24
V2s
δ18O: 4.62
δ13C: -3.49
δ O: 4.01
18
δ18O: 18.25 δ18O: 21.25 δ13C: -4.68

δ13C: -1.71 δ13C: -1.57
δ18O: 6.34
δ13C: -4.47
δ18O: 4.23
δ13C: -3.20
C DNo value E
δ18O: 6.64 δ18O: 6.31
δ O: 21.66
18
δ13C: -2.34
δ13C: -2.28 δ13C: -2.12
δ18O: 3.31
δ13C: 0.58
V2 + V3
δ O: 21.14 V3
18
δ18O: 21.73
δ13C: -0.83
δ13C: -2.17
δ18O: -1.06
δ18O: 4.63
δ13C: -0.58
δ13C: -2.34
δ18O: 2.31
δ13C: 0.90 δ18O: 23.83
δ O: 22.56
18
δ13C: -2.15 δ18O: 2.69
V2 δ13C: -1.16 δ13C: 0.77
δ18O: 2.96
δ13C: 0.77
Figure 3.23. Vein heterogeneity. 13C and 18O micro-drill spot results of multiple spot
analyses to investigate variation in fluid chemistry. Type of sample is annotated on
each photograph. (A) V2s sample (CHUD-699a). (B) V2+V3 sample (DC-247-1). (C) V2
sample (CHUE-361-1). (D) V2+V3 sample UGPZ-025-3. (E) V3 sample (DC-247-2).
74
• V2 and V2s samples display similar results for all spot analyses (Fig. 3.23A, C). For exam-
ple, a V2 sample displayed in Fig. 3.21C has a δ18O range of 0.10 ‰ and a δ13C range of
0.46 ‰. A V2s sample displayed a δ18O range of 0.92 ‰ and a δ13C range of 0.32 ‰ (Fig.
3.23A).
• V2+V3 vein samples (Fig. 3.23B, D) displayed the greatest isotopic heterogeneity with
one sample displaying a significant range of 7.5 ‰ for δ18O and of 3 ‰ for δ13C composi-
tions.
• V3 samples displayed heterogeneity with increased δ18O depletion moving along the vein
from 6.31 to 2.69 ‰ (Fig. 3.23E).
Vein (Fluid)-Wall Rock Pairs
To qualitatively assess fluid -rock interactions and compare starting isotope compositions of wall rock
relative to the fluid, vein-wall rock δ13C-δ18O pairs were investigated. Results are presented in annotated
hand sample photographs (Fig. 3.18 to 3.21) and in scatterplots (Fig. 3.24). Scatterplot lines connect the vein
to wall rock. Drill spot analysis for wall rock was 2 cm from the vein boundary for each sample. Distance was
kept consistent to assess fluid-rock interactions. Results from the deposit and surface are described:
• V1 vein-wall rock pairs displayed the lowest vein-wall rock interaction or exchange. V1
vein-wall rock pairs are isotopically undepleted and rock-buffered except V1cm which
was depleted (Fig. 3.25A).
• V2 vein-wall rock pairs displayed the highest vein-wall rock interaction or exchange.
Veins were consistently depleted relative to wall rock (Fig. 3.25B).
• V3 vein-wall rock pairs displayed moderate vein-wall rock interaction or exchange (Fig.
3.25C).
• V3 surface vein- wall rock pairs displayed low vein-wall rock interaction relative to V3
deposit pairs (Fig. 3.25C). V3 deposit pairs are located within or proximal to orezones
(Fig. 3.25D). One V3 sample and 3 brecciated samples are depleted in δ18O. Degree of
δ18O depletion is greatest in brecciated vein- wall rock pairs. Wall rock- breccia pairs are
visibly altered and proximal to fault zones.
75
A Legend Rock- CHUE-017-6 (V1h)
B Legend Rock- CHUD-699a
buffered/
CHUE-017-21
buffered/
CHUD-699A1
4 V1 4
DC-234-7 V2 & V2s CHUD-924
V1h undepleted DC-247-3

CHUE-017-6 (V1h) V2+V3 undepleted CHUD-937
CHUE-361-1
V1p CHUE-017-3
Vein CHUE-401
2 V1cm 2 DC-234-2
Wall Rock DC-234-2
Vein DC-234-5
δ13C (V-PDB)‰
δ13C (V-PDB)‰
DC-234-10
Wall Rock DC-234-13
0 0 DC-234-16
DC-246-2
DC-247-1
UGPZ-025-1
DC-234-9
-2 -2 DC-247-2
-4 Fluid- -4 Fluid-
buffered / buffered /
depleted N=11 depleted N=34
-6 -6
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
δ18O (V-SMOW)‰ δ18O (V-SMOW)‰
Legend
C Legend Rock- CHUE-017-3 (V3)
D V3
CH-27
CH-32
4 V3 buffered/ CHUE-017-6 (V3)
CHUE-361-23
4 V3 Brecciated CH-33
Vein undepleted CHUE-361-39
V3 Laminated CH-42
DC-234-3
Vein CH-46.3
Wall Rock UGPZ-025-3
2 2
UGPZ-025-4 Wall Rock CH-57.2
UGPZ-025-4
CH-66
UGPZ-025-3
CP-1
δ13C (V-PDB)‰
δ13C (V-PDB)‰
0 0
SURFACE HHC-10.1
HHC-11.2
HHC-1A
HHC-1C
HHC-36.1
-2 -2
HHC-54.2
HHC-58
HHC-63
-4 Fluid- -4
Fluid- HHC-65
HHC-66
buffered / buffered / HHC-69
depleted N=18 depleted N=40 HP-4
-6 -6
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
δ18O (V-SMOW)‰ δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰
Figure 3.24. Vein (fluid)-wall rock interactions. X-Y scatterplots of 13C and 18O vein-wall rock pairs for
deposit core samples. Lines connect a single sample. The plots are: (A) V1 stages; (B) V2 stages; (C) V3
stages; (D) V3 surface.
76
3.4 Discussion
The discussion addresses the three objectives proposed at the beginning of the study which includes
a synthesis of vein physical and chemical characteristics (Fig. 3.25) to understand how they formed the Cor-
tez Hills plumbing system through time (Fig. 3.27). Interpretation of isotope compositions as signatures for
sources and processes are presented. These two objectives are then synthesized to outline how veins can aid
exploration in Carlin gold systems.
3.4.1 Vein Formation
3.4.1.1 V1 Pre-Carlin Veins
Orientation of V1 veins is consistent with a bedding parallel compressional regime (Fig. 3.27). V1
veins formed prior or during two major regional compression events; the Antler Orogeny during the Later
Devonian to Early Mississippian (Roberts et al. 1958; Speed and Sleep, 1982; Smith et al. 1993), and/or the
Sevier Orogeny during the Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous (~100 Ma) (Humpreys et al. 2003). V1p pinch and
swell veins are interpreted to have formed during the Antler Orogeny and experienced deformation subse-
quent during the Sevier Orogeny to form their current shape. V1cm veins formed during one of these com-
pressional events. It is not clear if the fractures formed as a result of brittle failure during folding or faulting.
They were overprinted by contact metamorphism caused by intrusion of the Jurassic Mill Canyon Stock or
proximal Cretaceous plutons (Barton, 1996; Henry et al. 2012). Timing of V1 veins was not always clear due
to a number of overprinting structural, alteration and mineralization events in the district. These events
altered the original characteristics of the veins or obliterated them which was evident from low V1 vein
abundance compared to other vein stages. Low abundance of V1 veins could be related to V2 veins exploiting
and overprinting them.
3.4.1.2 V2 and V2s Carlin Veins
V2 and V2s veins exploited natural bedding planes and existing V1 veins. V2 and V2s veins occur as
crustiform and layered veins, and carbonate replacement by sulfides in V2s veins. V2 and V2s veins are inter-
preted to have been exploited by Carlin fluids based on cross-cutting relationships, mineralogy, fluid chemis-
try, UV and CL response.
Infiltration of Carlin fluids may have promoted calcite dissolution and precipitation along natural
77
Calcite Vein Stage
Vein (Fluid)
Cross-cutting
Chemistry
Relationships
V3 S2 V1 (Pre-Carlin)
O
18
>20 Undepleted
As <23 Low
Fe <7000 Low
S1 Mn <200 Low
Pb <14 Low
Tremolite/
V1 actinolite Sb <18 Low
V2 (Carlin)
O
18
< 18 Depleted
As <305 Anomalous
Fe <2 w.t.% Anomalous
Mn <830 Anomalous
Pb <140 Anomalous
Pyrite, Sb <62 Anomalous
V2 stibnite,
realgar, V3 (Post-Carlin)
chalcopyrite
O
18
-1 to 30 (Un)depleted
As <32 Low
Lamin- Fe <4800 Low
ations Mn <190 Low
Pb <16 Low
Sb <12 Low
Silty-limestone
4 cm
Figure 3.25. Calcite vein stage cross-cutting relationships with vein (fluid) chemistry. Oxy-
gen (18O) value is in per mil (‰) relative to V-SMOW. Element concentrations are in ppm
except for V2 Fe concentration which is labelled w.t.%.
78
planes and pre-existing V1 veins (Fig. 3.26). In this study, many V2 veins are recrystallized, replaced and
overprinted (petrography and CL microscopy), and V2s veins display Carlin mineralogy and alteration. Similar
observations are documented at other CTDs where precipitation of calcite has occurred contemporaneously
with realgar at Meikle and Alligator Ridge (Ilchik, 1990; Hofstra and Cline, 2000), and realgar and stibnite at
the Carlin deposit (Kuehn and Rose, 1992). V2 veins have not experienced abundant carbonate replacement
with sulfides, however crustiform and layered textures are a common occurrence. It seems likely that many
veins experienced more than one fluid event, supported by CL petrography. In summary, Carlin fluids were
transported via V1 veins to form V2 and V2s veins.

Permeable 1. 2. 3.
and reactive
carbonate
rock Acidic
Pre-existing Carlin
Horizontal fluids
vein
-Sulfidation
Dissolution -Precipitation
-Replacement
Figure 3.26. Potential formation and growth of a V2s vein associated with Carlin-type mineralization
and alteration exploiting an earlier V1 vein. Stage 1: formation of a V1 vein during compressional
events; Antler or Sevier Orogeny. Stage 2: influx of Carlin fluids via advection and diffusion causing
dissolution of the carbonate in the vein and proximal areas of the wall rock. Stage 3: owing to disso-
lution of calcite, sulfidation is promoted forming sulfide ore minerals. Calcite is subsequently precipi-
tated in new pore spore or replaces existing calcite. The formation model could be applied to V2 veins
but sulfidation would not occur.
3.4.1.3 V3 Post-Carlin Veins

Temperature Low δ18O calcite High δ18O calcite
Δ calcite-H2O
(°C) after Carlin
V3 veins are interpreted to have formed (V-SMOW) (V-SMOW)
alteration‰and mineralization ‰ 3.27). Their
(Fig.
orientation indicates they

-0.48formed in an extensional
800 regime. Fractures
9.1 formed perpendicular
10.7 to the natural
bedding planes of the0.76

rock and at high angles
600 relative to V1 and V2 veins. Zonal textures
10.4 12.0observed via petrog-
raphy and CL microscopy

1.76indicate some veins
500 may have experienced
11.4 more than one fluid
13.0event in the same
orientation. Fractures3.25
are interpreted to 400
have formed by brittle failure via faulting during
12.9 14.5 extension of the
Northern Nevada Rift 5.57

from 16.5– 15.0 Ma300
(Colgan, 2013) and/or Basin and Range extension
15.2 16.8 which occurred
afterwards and up to the

9.53present day (Dickinson,
200 2002). Surface vein orientations have
19.1 an average NW-SE
20.7
Table(Rose-Diagram-Appendix
trending direction 6. δ18O composition of magmati c calcite.
B5) which Calculated
correlates δ18O water
with NW-SE to W-Ecompositi
extensiononthat occurred
for magmatic fluids was 9.6 ‰ (minimum) and 11.2 ‰ (maximum) (Matsuhisa et
in the area during Basin Δand
al. 1979). Range tectonism.
calcite-water exchange equation was sourced from O’Neill et al. (1969).
Low δ O calcite= Δ calcite-water + δ18O79
18
water minimum. High δ18O calcite = Δ cal-
cite-water + δ O water maximum.
18
3.4.1.4 Stylolites (S1 & S2) and Dissolution Seams
Stylolites are wavy, chaotic continuous (>5 cm) dissolution seams that form due to pressure solution.
Stylolites form perpendicular to the maximum compressive stress which is produced by burial and compac-
tion during diagenesis or deformation from folding and thrusting (Wanless, 1979; Andrew and Railsback,
1997). Two types of stylolites were identified at Cortez Hills: (1) bedding parallel and (2) bedding perpendic-
ular. Stylolites are distinguished from dissolution seams because they are discontinuous over a cm-scale (<5
cm).
Bedding-parallel stylolites most likely formed during burial and compaction where the maximum
compressive stress occurred on top of the sediment surface (Flugel, 2010). They were subsequently exploit-
ed by later fracture and veining events. Fine-grained pyrite and dolomite were observed in some stylolites
that formed parallel to the V2 vein boundaries. These V2 veins displayed had a bright red-orange lumines-
cence from CL microscopy.
Stylolites perpendicular to bedding probably formed by compression during the Antler Orogeny
and/or Sevier Orogeny. In the Conrad Zone, Carlin-type district in the Yukon, Conrad limestones contain
three abundant stylolites types that formed during burial and compaction (diagenesis) and during compres-
sional events. Stylolites that formed at an angle to bedding were a result of folding and faulting producing
deformation (Tucker, 2015). The same stylolites contained iron-rich dolomite that promoted precipitation
of ore-stage pyrite and gold deposition within stylolites. These stylolites were used as an indicator of gold
mineralization in the Conrad Zone (Tucker, 2015). Stylolites at Cortez Hills could have similarly been a Carlin
fluid pathway.
Dissolution seam abundance was greatest in the BZ which may have been caused by collapse of the
hydrothermal system that induced brecciation. Clark (2012) performed extensive core logging in the BZ and
produced a detailed paragenesis. They observed dissolution seams becoming “less linear and more patchy”
in areas of intense brecciation and mineralization. The previous observed patterns agree with observations
from this study where dissolution abundance is greatest in areas of intense deformation.
3.4.2 Vein (Fluid) Chemistry at Cortez Hills
V2 and V2s veins displayed the highest As, Fe, Mn, Pb concentrations (Fig. 3.25). Arsenic is a Carlin
pathfinder element and may indicate Carlin fluids were involved. High Fe concentrations are consistent with
80
Vein Stage Fluids and Structural Event and Cause
Regime
Diag.
Burial and Compaction Deposition and
Styl.1 Diagenesis of Sediments
Palaeozoic
V1
Antler
Compressional Regime Orogeny
Styl.2
Contact Metamorphism Jurassic Mill Canyon

Stock
Mesozoic
Intrusion-Related
Cretaceous Intrusions
Mineralization
Sevier
Compressional Regime Orogeny
Time
V2 Mineralization and Carlin-Type Event
Alteration
Diss. Eocene Intrusions
Seams
V3 Extensional Regime Basin and Range Eocene

V3
Tectonics
V1/V2
Late Meteoric Waters
Neogene
Oxidation Uplift
Figure 3.27. Interpretative diagram for fluids and structural regimes required for vein
Present day
formation, and the geological events (see Chapter 2) that created these conditions. Time
is from the point of sedimentary deposition and diagenesis to the present day. Timescale
is on the right. All vein stages are displayed but not all vein types are displayed, e.g. V1p,
V2s, V2+V3.
81
pyritization within veins potentially during the Carlin event (Cline et al. 2005). High Pb concentrations indi-
cate some veins may have transported intrusion-related base metal fluids (Arcadi, 2011; Eggleston, 2014).
At Cortez Hills, high Mn is associated with elevated As and depleted δ18O compositions which may
indicate Mn is related to hydrothermal fluids. Manganese may have been mobilized from the host rocks by
hydrothermal fluids or transported in the fluids. In this study, Mn concentrations >125 ppm correlated with
red UV fluorescence and a strong red luminescent CL response in V2 and V2s vein stages. This observation
is consistent with known Mn luminescence relationships in calcite (Gies, 1975; Marfunin, 1979; Machel et
al. 1991; Habermann et al. 1996; Cazenave et al. 2003) and also in calcite veins in carbonate-replacement
(Escalante, 2008), Mississippi-Valley Type (Cook, 2015), and Carlin (Vaughan et al. 2016) deposits. At the
Banshee deposit, veins associated with mineralization displayed high concentrations of Mn (>300 ppm)
corresponded with highly altered δ18O depleted compositions (<15 ‰) (Vaughan et al. 2016). Manganese is
linked to veins exploited by Carlin fluids at Cortez Hills and Banshee (Vaughan et al. 2016) which suggests it
could be an indicator/vector for mineralization.
V3 surface and deposit veins displayed the same physical characteristics but differed in chemical
characteristics in isotope and element concentrations. V3 deposit veins are elevated in As and Fe whereas
V3 veins on surface do not show elevated concentrations. Later fluids may have remobilized Carlin mineral-
ization at depth but were not transported to the surface.
Vein heterogeneity was described petrographically and isotopically via micro-drilling. Isotopic
changes observed in V2, V2+V3 and V3 may be reflective of changes in fluids with different pulses and vein
growth variation over time. These pulses varied in composition, crystal zonation, overprinting fluids events,
or changes in isotopic exchange along the reactive path length (Paquette and Reeder, 1995; Jamveit, 1999;
Reeder and Rakovan, 1999; Bowman et al. 2009; Barker and Cox, 2011). Fine-scale understanding of chem-
ical and isotopic variations is complex. Calcite growth and precipitation are strongly influenced by crystal
lattice surface structures and growth mechanisms that distribute trace elements in different concentrations
and produce zonation patterns (Paquette and Reeder, 1995; Jamveit, 1999; Reeder and Rakovan, 1999; Bark-
er and Cox, 2011). A study of syn-tectonic calcite vein chemistry and C-O-Sr isotopes demonstrated variation
across veins and grains that was attributed to bulk composition variation of hydrothermal fluids and vein
growth variation with time (Barker, 2007). These factors support the decision not to utilize the chemical and
isotopic characteristics to identify different vein stages/types.
82
3.4.2.1 Fluid 13C and 18O Isotope Signatures
V1 veins with the exception of V1cm displayed isotopic compositions similar to the wall rock, have
undepleted compositions. These undepleted compositions suggest the fluids from which the infill was crys-
tallized was rock-buffered (Fig. 3.28). The δ18O compositions fall within the range of carbonate and sedimen-
tary rocks (Allegre, 2008; Hoefs, 2009) and rock-equivalent (Silurian-Devonian) seawater (Veizer et al. 1997;
1999). V1 veins display a isotopic signature reflective of the ocean water that carbonate rocks were deposit-
ed in. During the Antler and Sevier Orogenies, dissolution of local carbonate may have formed V1 veins that
were rock-buffered.
Wall rock of contact metamorphosed lithologies have a δ13C-δ18O composition range of -4 to -0.5 ‰
(V-PDB) and 8 to 17 ‰ (V-SMOW). These compositions fall within known compositions from 27 studies on
calc-silicates and marbles (Baumgartner and Valley, 2001). Contact metamorphism is described and discussed
in depth in Chapter 4.3.5 and 4.4.4.
Magmatic fluid δ18O compositions were modelled to determine if calcite precipitated in veins were
in equilibrium with a magmatic fluid. Magmatic fluids were calculated (Table 6) with a starting δ18O composi-
tion of 9.6 to 11.2 ‰ (V-SMOW) (Matsuihisa et al. 1979), and used with an equation for exchange involving
calcite in equilibrium with water at a temperature range of 200 – 800 °C (O’Neill et al. 1969). The magmatic
fluid δ13C starting composition (-4 to -11 ‰ (V-PDB)) used was reflective of the upper mantle (Cartinigy et al.
2001). The magmatic fluid box in Fig. 3.28 represents the fluid starting composition and the two solid black
lines represent the change in composition with a decrease in temperature from 800°C to 200°C. Three V3
vein samples and one contact metamorphosed V1 vein fall within the range of magmatic calcite. V3 veins
were not considered as they post-date any magmatic event. The calculated data demonstrated calcite veins
at Cortez Hills were not sampled from a magmatic fluid.
V2 veins displayed a wide range of δ18O compositions (-1 to 16 ‰) with clustering at 3 to 6 ‰ and
V2s between 7 to 16 ‰. V2s veins that are more δ18O depleted (7 to 8.5 ‰) contain pyrite, arsenopyrite and
stibnite. Less depleted V2s veins (12 to 16 ‰) contain pyrite, arsenopyrite but also chalcopyrite, sphalerite
and marcasite (Fig. 3.28). Calcite compositions in V2 veins display a δ18O meteoric fluid composition (-42
to 8‰) (Allegre, 2008; Hoefs, 2009). V2s veins may have interacted with intrusion-and Carlin-related flu-
ids. If they are all sampled Carlin fluids then the two populations indicate fluid mixing or different pulses
of magmatic and meteoric waters. This has been the suggested model for CTDs (Muntean et al. 2011) and
83
was observed at Long Canyon (Lepore, 2013). Petrography and paragenesis studies did not constrain timing
of intrusion versus Carlin-mineralization. Fluids associated with other Carlin systems have a calculated δ18O
isotope composition of ~0 to 5 ‰ (Cline and Hofstra, 2000), and ≤1.6 to 6.3 ‰ at the Long Canyon Deposit
(Lepore, 2013) which are consistent with the clustering of V2 veins at Cortez Hills.
Temperature Low δ18O calcite High δ18O calcite

Δ calcite-H2O
(° C) (V-SMOW) ‰ (V-SMOW) ‰
-0.48 800 9.1 10.7
0.76 600 10.4 12.0
1.76 500 11.4 13.0
3.25 400 12.9 14.5
5.57 300 15.2 16.8
9.53 200 19.1 20.7
Table 6. δ18O composition of magmatic calcite. Calculated δ18O water composition

for magmatic fluids was 9.6 ‰ (minimum) and 11.2 ‰ (maximum) (Matsuhisa et
al. 1979). Δ calcite-water exchange equation was sourced from O’Neill et al. (1969).
Low δ18O calcite= Δ calcite-water + δ18O water minimum. High δ18O calcite = Δ cal-
cite-water + δ18O water maximum.
V3 veins displayed a wide range of δ18O compositions (-1 to 30 ‰) with two δ18O populations; <7
‰ (deposit) and >20 ‰ (surface). These contrasting δ18O compositions could be related to a buffering
effect (Fig. 3.29) or different fluid sources. Those within the deposit are fluid-buffered compared to those
on surface that are dominantly rock-buffered. Meteoric waters are depleted in δ18O relative to the V-SMOW
standard with a range of -42 to 8‰ (Allegre, 2008; Hoefs, 2009). V3 veins are fluid-buffered and displayed a
meteoric isotope signature. Surface veins that were laminated and brecciated occurred proximal to faults and
were the exception to the previous pattern displaying δ18O compositions from -1 to 16 ‰.
3.5 Conclusions
Calcite veins at Cortez Hills displayed cross-cutting relationships and distinct physical (Table 4) and
chemical characteristics (Table 6) that can be identified with a variety of methods.
Timing of calcite veins were based on cross-cutting relationships relative to alteration and mineraliza-
tion events (Fig. 3.3). Three main vein stages were identified which included ten vein types and two stylolite
events (Fig. 3.4; Table 1). Crosscutting relationships were supported by vein stage and type physical charac-
84
Rock-
Rock-
buff ered/
4 buffered/
4 undepleted
undepleted
2 Vein Stage & Event

V1
Brecciation
V1
Brecciation
Faulting
(V-PDB)‰
Faulting
V1
V2
(V-PDB)‰
V1cm V2
V1
0 V1cm
0 V1h
V2s
V1h
V1p
V2s
e
iteit
V1p
V2
V3
lcalc
13C
V2
V2s
V3
δC
cac
-2 Carlin V2+V3 V3 surface
V2s
δ13
ictic
-2 Carlin V3 surface
fluid? V2+V3
at a
V3
UnknownBrecciation
mgm
fluid? V3
Surface Brecciation
aga
MM Unknown
Surface
-4
-4
Fluid-
Fluid-
buff ered / Magmatic
buff ered /
depleted Magmatic
fluid N=107
-6 depleted fluid N=107
-6 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
-5 0 5
δ1810 15
O (V-SMOW)‰ 20 25 30
δ18O (V-SMOW)‰
Figure 3.28. Carbon and oxygen isotope signatures of fluid sources at
Figure
Cortez3.28.
Hills. Carbon and oxygen isotope signatures of fluid sources at
Cortez Hills.
Rock-
Rock-
buff ered/
buffered/
undepleted
4 V3 ROCK- undepleted
4 V3 ROCK-
BUFFERED
BUFFERED
2
2
(V-PDB)‰
(V-PDB)‰
0
V3 FLUID- Vein Stage & Event
V3 FLUID- V3
BUFFERED V3
BUFFERED
13C
-2 V3 surface
δC
-2 V3 surface
δ13
-4 Fluid-
-4 Fluid-
buff ered /
buff ered /
depleted
depleted
N=45
-6 N=45
-6 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
δ18O (V-SMOW)‰
δ18O (V-SMOW)‰
Figure 3.29. Rock versus fluid buffering in V3 veins.
Figure 3.29. Rock versus fluid buffering in V3 veins.
85
teristics to improve identification when cross-cutting relationships were absent.
Formation of calcite veins were correlated to three distinct events (Fig. 3.27). Early stylolites and dia-
genetic veins formed during the deposition and diagenesis of sediments from the Ordovician to Devonian. V1
veins formed during the Antler Orogeny in a compressional regime during the Late Devonian to Early Missis-
sippian. Contact metamorphism occurred during the Jurassic by the Mill Canyon Stock or the Cretaceous by
quartz monzonite intrusions (V1cm). V2 veins were pre-existing V1 veins that were exploited by Carlin fluids
in the Early Eocene and involved precipitation, sulfidation and replacement of calcite and sulfides (Fig. 3.26).
V3 veins formed as new fractures during Basin and Range extension beginning in the Early Cenozoic and were
subsequently infilled by meteoric waters.
Vein growth identified exploitation of pre-existing structures and overprinting relationships support-
ed physical and chemical characteristics of V2 Carlin veins and fluid remobilization in V3 veins. Vein textures
indicate growth occurred during a short time period with fast opening of veins and several pulses of fluids.
Widest veins with coarsest crystals occurred within the BZ and proximal to fault zones.
Fluid chemistry of veins using pXRF and carbon-oxygen isotope data (Table 4) demonstrated each
vein stage has distinct chemical characteristics (Fig. 3.25). In the absence of distinct physical characteristics or
in a fast-paced mineral exploration environment, the use of pXRF to identify veins using chemical characteris-
tics may be an asset. Fluid chemistry also highlighted exploitation of V2 veins and the remobilization of Carlin
pathfinder elements at depth in V3 veins. Vein heterogeneity only occurred in V3 and V2+V3 veins suggesting
there were multiple fluid phases. Fluid (vein) wall rock interaction and exchange was highest in V2 veins, and
lowest in V1 veins. Chemical characteristics could be used to identify vein stages however it requires further
research and testing. Carlin fluids exploited earlier calcite veins (V1) that formed during compressional events
to promote dissolution (V2) and sulfidation (V2s).
Fluid isotope signatures identified potential fluid sources (Fig. 3.28) through the evolution of the
Cortez Hills plumbing system (Fig. 3.27). It highlighted the importance of fluid and rock-buffering in veins
between surface and depth, and proximity to structures. V1 veins have an isotopic δ18O composition >20 ‰
and indicate they formed in equilibrium with the wall rock and are reflected of ocean waters. V2 veins have
an isotopic δ18O composition dominantly <9 ‰ that indicates fluids were meteoric in origin. V3 veins have an
isotopic δ18O composition <7 ‰ that indicates fluids were meteoric in origin. V3 veins that were rock-buff-
ered especially on surface dominantly have δ18O compositions >20 ‰. Contact metamorphism displayed a
86
δ13C-δ18O composition range of -4 to -0.5 ‰ and 8 to 17 ‰, and a magmatic fluid signature.
Calcite veins could be used as an exploration tool. V2 and V2s veins that transported Carlin fluids
could be a local fluid pathway in zones of high fluid flux contributing to the Carlin hydrothermal plumbing
system. This is the first study to identify calcite veins that transported Carlin fluids physically and chemically
(Fig. 3.26) and indicates they could be used as a targeting tool for exploration of Carlin gold systems. V2 veins
exploited and overprinted V1 veins and are cross-cut by V3 veins. V2 veins were defined physically and chem-
ically using a variety of methods. V2 veins are oriented horizontal to sub-horizontal, texturally are banded
to crustiform veins with blocky to blocky-elongate crystals. They may contain late Carlin-ore stage minerals.
They display red UV fluorescence and bright red CL luminescence. In terms of chemistry, they display anoma-
lous As, Pb and Mn element concentrations along with δ18O depletion 7 to 16 ‰ for V2s veins and -1 to 16 ‰
for V2 veins.
87
Chapter 4: Defining the Cortez Hills Carbonate Alteration Footprint Using
Carbon-Oxygen Stable Isotopes and Pathfinder Elements as a Vectoring Tool
4.1 Introduction
Mineral exploration and prospecting using geochemistry started in the 1930’s with Russian geologists
who developed spectrographic analysis for field projects (Fersman, 1939; Sergeyev, 1941; Garret et al. 2008).
Since this time, geochemistry has been extensively used in surveys and integrated into the exploration and
understanding of mineral deposits. Mapping of mineral deposits has occurred for centuries through basic
geological mapping (Smith, 1815) but with developing science, instrumentation and technologies, geochem-
istry is now a fundamental science to define the greatest mappable expression (footprint) of a mineral depos-
it (Hawkes, 1959; Boyle and Garrett, 1970; Kelley et al. 2006; Garrett et al. 2008; Cohen et al. 2010; Kyser et
al; 2015; Lesher et al. 2017; Agnew, 2017; Winterburn, 2017). In exploration, mapping a footprint or “halo”
was first described and documented in the hydrocarbons industry where soil geochemistry (methane, hydro-
gen, ethane, propane, and pseudo-hexane) were analyzed above bore holes to target structural and strati-
graphic traps favorable for hosting oil (Laubmeyer, 1932, 1933; Horvitz, 1939). Footprints, haloes and fluid
pathways are common words used in mineral exploration both in academia and industry. They have attracted
recent attention in porphyry (Cooke et al. 2014; Halley et al. 2015; Wilkinson et al. 2015), epithermal (Bark-
er, 2017. Personal Comm.), ICOG (Mt. Isa Cu deposit, Waring, 1996) and Carlin-type deposits (Barker et al.
2013; Lepore, 2013; Vaughan, 2013). Footprint research has also attracted multi-million-dollar funding from
industry and government to create large consortium projects such as the Canada Mining Innovation Coun-
cil (CMIC) (Lesher et. 2017). Defining mineral deposit footprints, exploring under thick cover, applying the
mineral-system approach and targeting using machine learning are currently the four most common research
topics and exploration approaches (Hawkes, 1959; Boyle and Garrett, 1970; Kelley et al. 2006; Garrett et al.
2008; Cohen et al. 2010; McCuaig and Hronsky, 2014; Harris et al. 2015; Kyser et al. 2015; Rodriquez-Galiano,
2015; Agnew, 2017; Desharnais and Paiment, 2017; Lesher et al. 2017; McCuaig and Sherlock, 2017; Winter-
burn, 2017). This study aimed to address one of these key topics in exploration at present.
Carlin type gold deposits (CTDs) are hosted in carbonate sedimentary rocks which experienced car-
bonate dissolution and precipitation via fluid-rock interaction of acidic (pH ≈ 5) and low-temperature (180-
240°C) Carlin fluids with carbonate wall rock. This fluid-rock interaction displays visible alteration within and
proximal to orezones by decarbonatization and silicification, and invisible cryptic alteration distal (isotopes
88
and geochemistry) where fluids are more rock-buffered (Hofstra and Cline, 2000; Cline et al. 2005). A car-
bonate sedimentary rock undergoes physical, chemical and isotopic changes when a hydrothermal, meteoric,
metamorphic and/or magmatic fluid is transported through it. The chemical composition, physical properties
and texture of the rock controls the volume of fluid and rate it flows through it (Jamtveit and Yardley, 1997;
Baumgartner and Valley, 2001; Lucia, 2007; Putnis, 2015; Royne and Jamtveit, 2015, Tiab and Erle, 2015).
These changes and controls influence invisible and visible alteration of a rock. Geochemistry of mineraliza-
tion and alteration in mineral deposits is investigated using pathfinder elements. Pathfinder elements are
those associated with metals in the primary or dominant mineralizing fluid. In Carlin systems, Au is associat-
ed with the pathfinder elements: As, Hg, Sb, Tl and in smaller quantities; Ag, Bi, and Te (Hofstra et al. 2000;
Cline et al. 2005). The latter three elements may be related to igneous fluids of intrusive-related mineralized
systems and the surrounding igneous plutons (Cline et al. 2005).
Transport of fluids and their interactions in porous and/or reactive media are studied in theory,
models and experiments (Bryant and Thompson, 2001; Steefel et al. 2005, MacQuarrie and Mayer, 2005;
Agar and Geiger, 2015). Reactive transport theory and modelling was initially applied in geology to fluid
flow during metamorphism and hydrothermal mineralization/alteration (Bickle and McKenzie, 1987; Lassey
and Blattner, 1988; Blattner and Lassey, 1989; Frimmel, 1992; Bowman et al. 1994; Baumgartner and Valley,
2001). In Carlin systems, reaction transport theory is highly applicable due to porosity and permeability of
carbonate sedimentary host rocks and interaction between acidic (pH ≈ 5), low-temperature (180–240°C)
Carlin fluids and carbonate wall rock. At local fluid-rock equilibrium, a fluid transported and infiltrating a
rock will produce geochemical and isotopic fronts which vary in composition relative to the starting isotopic
composition of the host rock. These fronts are sharp, with elements and isotopes transported at different
velocities in a rock therefore they will travel at different distances. The spacing between these fronts is a
function of time-integrated fluid flux. If local fluid-rock is out of equilibrium, fronts will be broader due to
kinetic dispersion. Fronts travel in the direction of fluid flow. These assumptions were primarily based on one
dimensional models and theory (Bickle and McKenzie, 1987; Lassey and Blattner, 1988; Yardley and Lloyd,
1995; Baumgartner and Valley, 2001). To date within Carlin systems, 18O is dominantly the most far travelled
followed by As, and Au the least travelled (section 4.1.1). The relationship and order of isotopes and ele-
ments provide information on how Carlin fluids infiltrate and are transported through a carbonate sedimen-
tary rock in addition to providing a vectoring tool towards alteration and mineralization (Barker et al. 2009).
Fluid-reaction fronts represent the lateral distance an isotope or element travels whereas a side represents
89
the vertical distance (Frimmel, 1992; Yardley and Lloyd, 1995). Aims of this study were to describe fluid flow
using fronts and sides in two to three dimensions integrated with the Cortez Hills geological model.
Carbon and oxygen isotope compositions and Carlin pathfinder element concentrations (As, Au,
Hg, Sb, and Tl) in carbonate rocks were utilized as a vectoring tool in this study to map hydrothermal fluid
flow pathways and the carbonate alteration footprint of the Cortez Hills deposit. Previous studies of CTDs
using 13C and 18O isotopes have used small datasets over a large area to understand fluid flow pathways and
alteration haloes (Taylor, 1974; Radkte et al. 1980; Arehart and Donelick, 2006). Recent research in CTDs
has initiated large-scale studies of 100s to 1000s isotope and geochemistry samples. This new approach of
large-scale isotope and geochemistry datasets in CTDs is aided by development of off-axis integrated cavity
output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS). It is an alternative to other methods of stable isotope mass spectrometry.
Use of OA-ICOS is advantageous compared to previous methods due to low initial capital cost, low power
consumption, benchtop size, lack of high-vacuum system, no requirement for high-purity gases, and rela-
tively simple operation (Barker et al. 2011). It has the ability to analyze high sulfide content carbonates with
no interference of hydrogen sulfide gas produced during acid digestion (Beinlich et al. 2017). The ability to
analyze carbonate from orezones is advantageous because there are typically high concentrations of sulphi-
des such as realgar, orpiment and cinnabar (Hofstra et al. 2000; Cline et al. 2005). For this chapter, δ18O and
δ13C compositions are described as depleted relative to upper and lower thresholds defined in section 4.2.4.,
unless stated otherwise.
4.1.1 Previous Carbonate Alteration Studies of Carlin-Type Gold Deposits
Carbonate alteration footprints and fluid flow pathways have been investigated in other deposit
types: carbonate hosted Pb-Zn skarn deposits (Naito et al. 1995), MVT deposits (Cook, 2016), CTDs in the
Yukon (Tucker, 2015), sedex deposits (Large et al. 2001), VMS deposits (Miller et al. 2001), epithermal (Shika-
zono, 2002; Boucher, 2016), orogenic gold (Allan et al. 2014; Gruffudd, 2014), porphyry (Pass et al. 2014) and
other higher temperature carbonate replacement deposits (Freihauf and Pareja, 1998; Vazquez et al. 1998).
Methodology and conclusions of previous CTD studies are briefly outlined in chronological order. The first
four studies are on a small-scale and datasets from 13–166 samples in size. The following six studies are on a
large-scale with datasets from 179–2569 samples in size spread over a greater extent across the deposit and
district.
Rye, Doe and Wells (1974) performed a small detailed stable isotope (13C and 18O) and Pb isotopes
90
study on calcite, dolomite, quartz and sulfides of the Old Cortez deposit (north of the Cortez Hills deposit),
and surrounding area to investigate its age and origin. The stable isotope study of calcite and dolomite con-
sisted of 21 samples with 32 analyses from mineralized samples from the deposit and post-ore calcite veins,
post-ore calcite veins proximal to the deposit and 2 samples from Mill Canyon and Copper Canyon. The study
drilled texturally different types of post-ore calcite veins and veinlets. Calcite in unaltered limestone 2.4–2.6
km southeast of the Cortez town site produced a δ13C composition range from -0.98 to -0.20 ‰, and δ18O
composition range from 17.92 to 20.18 ‰. Calcite in mineralized limestone in the deposit produced a δ13C
composition range from -3.27 to -0.46 ‰, and a δ18O composition range from 9.36 to 13.63 ‰. Dolomite in
mineralized limestone is lighter and generally undepleted in δ18O with compositions from 16.03 to 18.18 ‰
(n=3) and 20.21 to 20.92 ‰ (n=4). The δ13C compositions are heavier relative to calcite with a composition
range from - 3.67 to -0.47 ‰ and -1.99 to -1.35 ‰ (n=5).
Radtke et al. (1980) performed a detailed small-scale study using D, 13C, 18O isotopes at the Carlin
Deposit located on the Carlin Trend. A total of 18 analyses on dolomite and calcite were carried out. The
link between visible alteration and mineralization was highlighted in this stud with 13C and 18O depletion.
This study was the first to highlight the correlation between distance from a fault and intensity of 13C and 18O
depletion.
Stenger et al. (1998) performed a small-scale study of 108 samples at the Twin Creeks CTD in
North-Central Nevada. It focused on the deposit host rocks; Ordovician sequence shales and Pennslyva-
nian-Permian Etchart Formation limestone. Whole rock samples were collected from drill core and RC chips
within and proximal to the deposit. δ13C compositions did not show any distinct relationships. The Etchart
Formation limestones did not show any depletion relative to an alteration pattern. Stenger et al. (1998)
attributed the absence of depletion to deposition of post-ore carbonate or low fluid: rock ratios. The workers
defined an alteration halo up to several hundred metres in size.
Arehart et al. (2006) performed a small-scale study of 166 wall rock and vein samples at the Pipeline
Deposit CTD in the Cortez District along the Battle-Mountain Eureka Trend of North-central Nevada (including
24 samples from Cathles, 1995). Altered and mineralized samples from the Srm and Dwb Fm. were collected
in the pit. The δ18O composition range was -1.7 to 21.9 ‰, with the most depleted compositions in the Pipe-
line Pit. The δ13C composition range was -5.5 to 0.4 ‰, again with most depleted samples in the Pipeline Pit.
Weak to moderate δ18O isotopically altered samples extend several kilometres outward from the orezone,
91
but δ13C isotope depletion outward of the orezone is not well defined.
Since 2009 there has been an increase in carbonate alteration studies utilizing larger sample suites of
13
C and 18O data. The following key studies will be highlighted in chronological order.
Patterson (2009) performed a small-scale study defining the hydrothermal footprint of several CTDs
in the Jerritt Canyon District using geochemistry, stable isotopes and mapping. Carbon and oxygen isotopes
focused on areas of mineralization, fluid pathways, and defining alteration haloes. Carbonate was analyzed
from 179 samples within 1.65 m of the lower contact of the Srm Fm. Sixty-seven samples were obtained
via micro-drilling throughout the 1.65 m interval along the lower contact. Patterson (2009) produced maps
with contours to display the extents of alteration and haloes which makes assessing them difficult. Patterson
(2009) used a background threshold of 22 ‰ for δ18O based on results published for the Old Cortez Deposit
(Rye et al. 1974). δ13C displayed no relationship with δ18O and mineralization. The δ18O compositions did not
display a strong correlation with Au. δ18O compositions displayed the largest halo. Outwards of the 0.3 ppm
Au contour there is δ18O depletion to an extent of 900 m and there is a δ18O halo outside of the 0.05 ppm Au
halo. There was insufficient data to define a δ18O halo to its greatest extent. Above background thresholds
for As (>100 ppm), Au (>0.05 ppm), Hg (>3 ppm), Tl (>0.5 ppm) and Te (0.05 ppm) thresholds extend from
300–2700 m below and above the deposits within the whole district. The As (<200 ppm), Au (>0.3 ppm), Hg
(<10 ppm), Tl (2 ppm), Te (<0.2 ppm) thresholds extend outwards of the 0.3 ppm Au contour for up to 670
m. The study concluded distinct haloes occurred on a district scale around deposits. Alteration halo size in
Jerritt Canyon was: SSX-Smith- 6.7 km by 1.5 km; Murray-Winters Creek- 2.8 km by 0.5 km; West Generator
mine-1.4 km by 0.3 km; and Malboro Canyon- 1.7 km by 0.5 km. At Jerritt Canyon (Patterson, 2009) Carlin
fluids were focused along high-angle faults with upwelling zones. The plumbing system was dominantly frac-
ture-controlled with minor lateral flow along permeable lithologies and low-angle structures.
Muntean et al. (2010) and Cassinerio (2010) performed a small-scale study on defining fluid path-
ways at the high-grade CTD Turquoise Ridge in the Getchell District of North-Central Nevada. The study
included 126 13C and 18O analyses, detailed logging and drill hole geochemistry. The δ18O background thresh-
old was defined as 17.6 ‰ based on cumulative distribution curves. δ18O depletion was local and proximal
to altered zones and faults. Pathfinder elements produced distinctive haloes: Au - <10 m halo, Hg - ~10–20
m halo and As - 20–30 m halo. The As halo extended into visually unaltered rocks and demonstrated that
cryptic invisible alteration is extremely tight and narrow at Turquoise Ridge. The δ18O halo is tighter than
92
the pathfinder elements in this study. At Turquoise Ridge (Muntean et al. 2010), fluid flow was discordant to
stratigraphy and focused along local fractures and lithological contacts. Mineralization was hosted along low
displacement faults and not along the major Getchell fault. The Getchell fault was considered a fluid inlet for
migration of fluids into fracture zones in the fault hanging wall along with minor contribution from the Deep
East feeder. The exhaust zones were considered “passive and opportunistic”. The plumbing system was frac-
ture-controlled with minimal lateral fluid flow and fluids occasionally exploiting dikes.
Ahmed (2010) and Hickey et al. (2014) focused on defining the fluid pathways of Pipeline Deposit
located in the Cortez District, along the Battle Mountain-Eureka Trend. A sample suite of 294 wall rock and
veins were collected. Datasets integrated a previous study on Pipeline (Arehart and Donelick, 2006). A vein
paragenesis was not conducted and the isotope composition of pre-, syn- and post-ore vein stages were
not distinguished. The primary fluid pathway for Pipeline was the low-angle Abyss thrust fault. At Pipeline
(Ahmed, 2010; Hickey et al. 2014), Carlin fluids exploited pre-existing low-angle thrust faults including the
major Abyss fault where fluids were transported laterally rather than a large-scale vertical structure. Min-
eralization was dominantly hosted in the Devonian Wenban Fm. in gently-dipping tabular orezones directly
above the Abyss Fault.
Vaughan (2013) performed a large-scale study focused on defining fluid pathways and alteration
halo of the Betze-Post, Meikle and Banshee Deposits (Goldstrike property) along the Carlin-Trend. A suite of
1578 pulp, wall rock and vein, and RC-chip samples were collected. The study demonstrated Meikle had a 18O
alteration halo <300 m above orezones and a lateral 18O alteration halo > 2 km outward of orezone fringes in
one direction. The study was not able to step out from the isotope alteration halo or deposit footprint. At
Goldstrike (Vaughan, 2013), the primary feeder structure was the Post-Genesis fault. In the Northern Carlin
trend, the post-Genesis fault is a high-angle normal fault considered the primary feeder structure for a num-
ber of CTDs: Betze-Post, Meikle, Griffen, Rodeo, Post, Deep Star and Beast deposits (Hofstra and Cline, 2000;
Cline et al. 2005). At Goldstrike, Carlin fluids exploited the Jurassic lamprophyre dikes at Banshee and were
transported laterally in permeable breccias and silty-limestones (Vaughan, 2013).
Perrin (2012) performed a small-scale study using a sample suite of 336 pulp and wall rock samples
across the Cortez Hills Deposit in a north-east to south-west transect. These transects did not sample a large
distance outside the deposit and the extent of the 18O halo was not identified. Fluid pathways were identi-
fied and a relationship between the pathfinder elements and 13C and 18O isotopes was determined.
93
Lepore (2013) focused on defining fluid pathways and an alteration footprint of the Long Canyon De-
posit, Long Canyon Trend on a large scale. Host rocks were Upper Cambrian and Ordovician shelf carbonates
such as limestones, silty-limestones and dolostones. The study utilized a sample suite of 2569 pulp, wall rock
and vein, surface and RC-chip samples. Lepore (2013) was the first study to incorporate geology, pathfind-
er geochemistry and 13C-18O compositions on a large scale in a three-dimensional cross section approach.
Results identified fluid pathways and a tight 18O alteration halo of 200–300 m around the deposit. At Long
Canyon (Lepore, 2013), the feeder was a vertical structure transporting fluids upwards and laterally through
the Lower Pogonip stratigraphy with an exhaust identified at surface. Fluid flow was focused in brittle dam-
age zones of faults with boudin necks, breccias and in massive dolomite units (Notch Peak). The plumbing
system was fracture-controlled with minimal lateral fluid flow.
Synthesis of Previous Work
In the studies described above, 18O was farther travelled and produced an alteration halo with
greater extent of the pathfinder elements As and Tl. There was one exception where the 18O halo is tighter
than pathfinder haloes; Turquoise Ridge (Muntean et al. 2010). The background values chosen to represent
the threshold for carbonate alteration was unusually low for CTDs. No CTD carbonate alteration studies
have stepped outside the greatest mappable expression of the deposit (footprint). The 18O compositions of
carbonate rocks become increasingly depleted with proximity towards faults and display strongly depleted
compositions in faults and mineralized orezones (Radtke et al. 1980; Ahmed, 2010; Lepore, 2013; Vaughan,
2013, Hickey et al. 2014). Definition of background isotope and pathfinder element thresholds vary in each
study. Local deposit, regional and global (Veizer et al. 1997; 1999) background thresholds are used. Some
local deposit background thresholds were applied across districts. For example, at the Jerritt Canyon cluster,
Patterson (2009) applied the threshold from Old Cortez (Battle-Mountain Eureka Trend) (Rye et al. 1974).
Dolomite δ18O compositions are heavier in veins, wall rock and pulps (Rye, Doe and Wells, 1974; Lepore,
2013) and dolostone-hosted CTDs have narrow alteration haloes (Long Canyon Deposit, Lepore, 2013). The
extent of carbonate alteration haloes using 18O compositions vary between four deposits. Goldstrike and
Jerritt Canyon alteration haloes are on a km-scale whereas Twin Creeks and Long Canyon are on a 200–300 m
scale. The contrast in scale could be attributed to the latter two deposits being more structurally controlled
compared to the former being both host- and structurally controlled (Stenger et al. 1980; Patterson, 2009;
Lepore, 2013, Vaughan, 2013). Variation in δ13C compositions with mineralization and δ18O composition in
Carlin carbonate rocks remain poorly understood.

94
Carbonate veins are considered fluid pathways for Carlin fluids and have been analyzed from the
onset of δ13C-δ18O studies (Rye et al. 1974) however their timing are poorly constrained. Many studies have
described them relative to Carlin events (Illchik and Barton, 1996; Ye et al. 2003; Arehart and Donelick, 2006;
Patterson, 2009; Ahmed, 2010; Lepore, 2013) however only one study has investigated carbonate veins in
detail using a variety of methods from paragenesis to formation (Vaughan et al. 2016). Chapter 3 of this the-
sis successfully identified calcite veins that were exploited by Carlin fluids and demonstrated vein δ13C-δ18O
compositions vary between vein stages (fluids), proximity to faults and rock/fluid buffering effects. In the
previous studies, use of δ13C-δ18O compositions to describe alteration and vectoring purposes is problematic
due to the lack of context.
The definition, mapping, and vectoring of carbonate alteration in these previous studies led to the
interpretation of potential feeder structures and control of fluids in Carlin plumbing systems. Fluid inlets or
feeders to the plumbing systems are structurally-controlled and fluids are transported along major high-angle
structures. Orezones in these deposits typically occur along gently dipping low-angle structures and perme-
able silty-limestones and breccias such as the Devonian Wenban and Silurian Roberts Formations.
4.1.2 Study Objectives
The focus of this chapter is on the first two objectives:
1. Determine the size and intensity of the alteration haloes/ footprint around the deposit.
2. Characterize and map fluid flow pathways, and assess the intensity of fluid: rock interac-
tions as a vectoring tool.
4.2 Methodology
4.2.1 Sampling Strategy
Sampling transects were carried out across the Cortez Hills deposit to the extent of exploration and
production drilling to maximize the potential to map the alteration footprint (Fig. 4.1; 4.2). A total of 22 drill
holes were selected for pulp analysis (Table 7). Pulps could not be located for a specific area (CH08-001)
therefore RC-chips were sub-sampled for 1 drill hole instead. Additional 13C and 18O isotope pulp data at
Cortez Hills from an undergraduate honours thesis (Perrin, 2012) are utilized with the new dataset. The latter
dataset (Perrin, 2012) does not contain analytical error for the 13C and 18O isotopes. The northeast-southwest
95
transect of pulp samples covered an area from the Jmc stock and Cortez Fault across the LZ orezone. Sam-
pling transects are presented in map view in Fig. 4.2 and further details are included in Table 7.
4.2.2 Pulp Heterogeneity
The number of pulped rock samples analyzed was >2000.It is important to ensure samples analyzed
are representative of the whole 3 m (10 ft) gold assay pulp bag when utilizing a large sample size (100’s to
1000’s) to define a deposit alteration footprint. The main cause of errors in rock and mineral sample results
for the evaluation of mining projects is the heterogeneity of the sampled materials (Gy, 1982; Francois-Bon-
garcon, 1993; Pitard, 1993). Full methodology and results are reported in detail in Appendix E. The study
objective was part of the third thesis objective to establish optimal sampling protocols and strategies to
effectively utilize stable isotopes in exploration for Carlin-type deposits. The sample study objective was to
test pulp sample heterogeneity by collecting samples after mixing and splitting versus those that were not.
Samples were collected via splitting (mixing) versus unmixed. Mixed samples were briskly shaken and
poured through a metal splitting device four times to ensure homogeneity. Unmixed samples were collected
from each pulp bag by briskly shaking it, then sampling from the middle of the bag volume. No clear pat-
tern occurred in δ13C and δ18O compositions between unmixed or mixed samples of each pulp bag. Geologic
variability in pulps is greater than the analytical uncertainty. Study results demonstrated samples were ho-
mogeneous and splitting each individual pulp bag was not necessary. Sampling unmixed pulp bags provided
reliable data and is time efficient which is important when analyzing large sample sizes.
4.2.3 Aqua Regia Vs. Four-Acid Digestion
Integration of two Barrick Gold Corp. geochemistry databases that used different digestions was
required therefore an orientation study was undertaken as part of this thesis to determine if the data could
be directly compared in the process of defining the alteration footprint with pathfinder elements. Cortez
Hills geochemistry legacy drill hole data obtained by Placer Dome Inc. and Barrick Gold Corp. prior to 2011
was analyzed using aqua regia digestion with ICP-MS analysis (ALS Labs). Surface geochemistry data of the
Cortez District was obtained using four-acid digestion with ICP-MS analysis (ALS Labs). In this project, the
geochemistry in 26 out of the total 28 drill holes sampled for isotope analysis (pulps, RC-chips and core) were
obtained using aqua regia digestion. In addition, the complete drill hole database from the Cortez District is
used for modelling fluid flow pathways and alteration footprint. Aqua regia digestion is the partial digestion
96
116.65°W 116.64°W 116.63°W 116.62°W 116.61°W 116.60°W 116.59°W 116.58°W 116.57°W
40.19°N
CH05-020
40.18°N
CC05-003 CH05-035 CH04-072

CH05-029
Hills proximal to Cortez Hills CH05-030

40.17°N
CHPZ-22A
CH05-114
40.16°N
CH06-012
CH08-001
40.15°N
CHPZ-293
40.14°N
CH05-005
40.13°N
CH05-114
40.12°N
40.11°N
Geochemistry Samples
Isotope Samples
Fold Axial Trace

40.10°N
Harry’s Point
116.65°W 116.64°W 116.63°W 116.62°W 116.61°W 116.60°W 116.59°W 116.58°W 116.57°W 116.56°W
Figure 4.1. Map covering the majority of the Cortez District. Highlighted areas sampled to define back-
ground, anomalous and highly anomalous thresholds for 13C-18O isotopes and pathfinder elements (As,
Au, Hg, Sb, Tl). Map background is local topography using hillshade.
97
Figure 4.2. Simplistic map of Cortez Hills deposit with pulp sampling transects for this study and a
previous study (Perrin, 2012). Drill hole locations are on the map.
98
Table 7. Complimentary information on the drill holes sampled for pulped rock within this re-
search project and locations are displayed in the map in Fig. 4.2.
Sample Drill hole ID Geochem Bedrock (m) Formations Drill hole
Transect Interval (m) type
33000N CC05-003 9 18 – 527 Dwb, Srm, RC
Ohc
CH05-035 6 0 – 375 Srm, Ohc RC
CH05-020 9 6 – 622 Srm, Ohc, Oe RC
CH05-029 6 21 – 866 Dwb, Srm, RC

Ohc, Oe
CH04-072 6 79 – 914 Dwb, Srm RC
28700 N CH04-052 6 0 – 701 Dwb, Srm, RC

Ohc
CH05-136 3&6 6 – 640 Dwb RC
CH04-057 9 61 – 762 Dwb, Srm RC
DC-063 9 64 – 427 Dhc, Dwb, Core

Srm
CHPZ-22A 6 15 – 515 Dwb, Srm RC
27000 N CH06-015 6 12 – 914 Dwb, Srm, RC

Ohc
UGPZ-025 3 66 – 194 Srm, Ohc Core
DC-234 6 83 – 743 Dwb, Srm Core, RC
CH06-016 6 311 – 1228 Dwb, Srm, RC

Ohc, Oe
26000 N CH06-012 6 158 – 988 Srm, Ohc RC
CHUE-361 3 0 – 694 Srm, Ohc, Oe Core
CH07-005 6 256 – 991 Srm, Ohc RC
NW-SE CH04-051 9 0 – 793 Dwb, Srm, RC

Ohc
CHPZ-293 6 125 – 515 Dwb RC
CH08-001 6 101 – 1341 Dwb, Srm RC
CH05-005 9 9 – 652 Dwb, Srm RC
CH05-114 6 249 – 1100 Dwb, Srm RC
99
of all minerals (sulfides, some oxides and some altered silicates) involving hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitric
acid (HNO3). Four acid digestion is the near complete digestion of all minerals, involving the use of hydroflu-
oric acid (HF), nitric acid (HNO3), perchloric acid (HClO4) followed by HCl leach. The study objective was part
of the third thesis objective to establish optimal sampling protocols and strategies to effectively utilize stable
isotopes in exploration for Carlin-type deposits. The sample study objective was to determine if elements
used for pathfinder elements and lithogeochemistry in aqua regia drill hole data are reliable.
The results from the two datasets were grouped statistically (Table 8). Full methodology and results
are reported in Appendix F. There were three conclusions from the study. Four elements showed a 1:1 cor-
relation, two of these are utilized in this study (Mg, Ca). Carlin pathfinder (As and Ag), and lithogeochemistry
elements (Mn, P, Sr) show systematic deviation within error. Drill hole data used for the pathfinder elements
Sb and Tl display systematic deviation outside error therefore a correction factor (Appendix F) should be
applied to account for this deviation between digestion methods.
Table 8. Statistical grouping for each element analyzed for aqua regia versus four-acid digestion.
1:1 Correlation Systematic deviation Systematic deviation

within error outside error
Ca, Cu, Mg, Zn Ag, As, Cd, Fe, Mn, Ni, P, Bi, Co, Cs, Ge, In, Li, Mo, Pb,
Se, Sr, Y Sb, Te, Tl, U
4.2.4 Defining Isotope and Pathfinder Element Thresholds
Threshold values can be applied to spatial geochemical data to define haloes and footprints. It may
reflect the volume of rock affected by fluid flow, or the volume of rock altered to a given extent in which case
it may represent intensity of flow infiltration or the advancement of an alteration reaction. Defining back-
ground, anomalous and highly anomalous thresholds of geochemical and isotopic data improves targeting
and vectoring of mineral deposits (Sinclair, 1991; Cheng, 1994; Kelley et al. 2006; Reimann, 2009). Defining
thresholds was important in this thesis to determine the carbonate alteration footprint of the deposit and
its extent, to understand the fluid fronts of isotopes and pathfinder elements down drill holes and the use of
these datasets as a vectoring tool. Accurate definition of thresholds enables interpretation of reaction fronts
and distance travelled of carbon-oxygen isotopes relative to the Carlin pathfinder elements. Samples were
collected from the local carbonate stratigraphic sequence. Thesholds were defined using probability plots
and spatial maps (Table 9). The study objective was part of the third thesis objective to establish optimal
100
sampling protocols and strategies to effectively utilize stable isotopes in exploration for Carlin-type deposits.
Methodology, data analysis workflow and results are reported in detail in Appendix G.
Table 9. Carlin pathfinder element and carbon-oxygen isotope thresholds.
Element (ppm) / Lower- Upper

Isotope (‰) Threshold Threshold
Au 0.034 6.4
As 11 98
Hg 0.11 1.2
Sb 2.3 20
Tl 0.35 1.2
13
C 1.75 -0.75
18
O 20.8 18
4.3 Results
The results of this footprint study is a compilation of 2038 pulp and RC samples with 1702 from this
thesis and 336 pulps from a previous thesis at Cortez Hills (Perrin, 2012). Isotope analysis was performed
on 3 m (10 ft) gold assay pulped rock samples to enable comparison between Carlin gold mineralization and
δ13C- δ18O isotope compositions. Geochemistry from the Barrick Gold Corp. database was collected on 3–9
m (10–30 ft) intervals and rarely on 1.5 m (5 ft) intervals. The two intervals overlap but were not viewed as
quantitative representatives between datasets. Error bars in the down drill hole compilations (Appendix D5)
were reported to 1 standard deviation for analytical error. All results were compared to local deposit back-
ground and highly anomalous thresholds. These were outlined in section 4.2.4 and reported in detail in Ap-
pendix G. Isotope composition ranges for the compiled δ13C- δ18O database were: -6.5 to 4.0 ‰ (V-PDB) and
0 to 30.4 ‰ (V-SMOW) respectively. For this chapter, δ18O and δ13C compositions are described as depleted
relative to upper and lower thresholds defined in section 4.2.4.
101
4.3.1 Comparison of Cortez Hills 13C – 18O Compositions with other Carlin-type Deposits
Cortez Hills pulped rock, RC chips, and wall rock-vein isotope compositions were compared to three
other CTDs located in Nevada; the Pipeline (Arehart and Donelick, 2006; Ahmed, 2010) located 11 km to the
NE of Cortez Hills, Goldstrike (Vaughan, 2013) located along the northern extent of the Carlin Trend, and Long
Canyon (Lepore, 2013) located in NE Nevada (Fig. 4.3). Statistical distribution of δ13C and δ18O compositions
from the four deposits are presented in box and whisker plots (Fig. 4.4) and scatterplots (Fig. 4.5). In box and
whisker plots, the box represents 50% of data (Q1-Q3), the line within the box represents the median, the
solid circle represents the mean, the whiskers represent the 1 percentile of data, open circles are anomalous,
and open triangles represent outliers of data. Each box and whisker plot in both figures represent all data for
one deposit. Background thresholds and sampling types were highlighted in the scatterplots. Pipeline results
only include vein and wall rock samples.
Cortez Hills displayed the most δ18O depleted compositions (mean, Q3, 1 percentile and outliers) in
pulped rock, and in vein-wall rock micro-drilled analyses (Fig. 4.4; 4.5). The mean was 17 ‰, Q3 was 14.2 ‰,
1 percentile was 5.2 ‰ and outliers depleted to -1.75 ‰. Cortez Hills also displayed the least δ18O depleted
outlier at 30.5 ‰. Cortez Hills δ13C compositions (mean, median and Q3) are comparable to Goldstrike and
Long Canyon. Pipeline veins displayed the greatest δ13C depletion (mean, median and 1 percentile) and great-
est range of δ13C with 10.5 ‰ (Fig. 4.4). Scatterplot regression lines (Fig. 4.5) highlighted a downward δ13C-
δ18O depletion trend at Cortez Hills comparable to Pipeline and Long Canyon deposits however Goldstrike did
not display a downward depletion trend. Pipeline displayed the steepest δ13C-δ18O depletion trend. Veins at
Cortez Hills displayed a large variation in δ13C and δ18O compositions comparable to Pipeline however veins at
Long Canyon and Goldstrike displayed smaller variations and are more clustered.
4.3.2 Size and Extent of Cortez Hills Carbonate Alteration Footprint
To determine size and extent of the Cortez Hills carbonate alteration footprint, box and whisker plots
(concept; Fig. 4.6) were evaluated across the NW-SE long transect (Fig. 4.7) and 28600N (Fig. 4.8). Back-
ground thresholds determined in section 4.2.4 (δ18O- 20.8 ‰, As- 11 ppm, Hg- 0.11 ppm, Sb- 2.3 ppm, Tl-
0.35 ppm) were used to define the deposit footprint because they represented the maximum spatial extent
of fluid reaction geochemical and isotopic fronts. Drill hole data were used from 14 drill holes augmented
with geochemical data from another 18 drill holes to fill in gaps along the transect to provide a detailed trend
with distance. Drill holes selected were drilled from surface through the orezones. Drill holes were defined as
102
LongLong
Canyon
Canyon
Getchell
Getchell
TrendTrend
Goldstrike
Goldstrike
Pipeline
Pipeline
Complex
Complex
CortezCortez Alligator
Alligator
Hills Hills RidgeRidge
Battle-Moun-
Battle-Moun-
tain Eureka
tain Eureka
TrendTrend
Figure 4.3. 4.3.

Figure Regional mapmap
Regional of Nevada. The The
of Nevada. five fimain CTDCTD
ve main
trends are red lines. The four deposits of interest
trends are red lines. The four deposits of interest are are
labelled withwith
labelled blackblack
stars.stars.
Cortez HillsHills
Cortez is labelled withwith
is labelled a yel-
a yel-
low low
star.star.
ReferRefer
to text for further informati on and
to text for further information and nextnext two two
figures for isotope
figures datadata
for isotope on theon four deposits.
the four deposits.
δ13C
δ13(V-PDB) ‰ ‰
C (V-PDB) δ18O
δ18(V-SMOW) ‰ ‰
O (V-SMOW)
6 6 30 30
5 5 28 28
4 4 26 26
3 3 24 24
2 2 22 22
1 1 20 20
0 0 1961 18
1961 18 1961
-1 -1 2380 2180
16
1961
2380 2180
16 2380
2380
2180
2180
447
-2 -2 14
447
14
-3 -3
447
447 12 12
-4 -4 10 10
-5 -5 8 8
-6 6 6
-6 Cortez Hills
Cortez Hills 4
-7 -7 Goldstrike 4
Goldstrike 2
-8 -8 Long Canyon 2
Long Canyon 0
-9 -9 Pipeline 0
Pipeline N=6933
N=6933-2 N=6933
N=6933
-10 -10 -2
Figure 4.4. 4.4.

Figure Box Box
and and
whisker plotsplots
whisker for carbon and and
for carbon oxygen statistati
oxygen sticssti
forcsCortez Hills,Hills,
for Cortez Goldstrike, LongLong
Goldstrike, Can-Can-
yon yon
and and
Pipeline CTDs.
Pipeline Use Use
CTDs. legend colour
legend scheme.
colour ReferRefer
scheme. to text for further
to text informati
for further on. on.
informati
103
Cortez Hills Pipeline
5
Deposit
5
Background
Deposit
3
3
Background
1
δ13C (V-PDB) ‰
δ13C (V-PDB) ‰
1
-1
-1
-3
-3
Pulps Areh. and Don., 2006
Core Wall Wall Rock
-5
-5
Rock Vein
Surface Ahmed, 2010
-7
Wall Rock -7
Wall Rock
Vein N= 2348 Vein N= 447
-9
-9
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰
Long Canyon Goldstrike
104
5 5
Deposit
Background
Deposit
3 3
Background
1 1
δ13C (V-PDB) ‰
δ13C (V-PDB) ‰
-1 -1
-3 -3
Pulps Pulps
-5 Core Wall -5 Core Wall
Rock Rock
-7
Surface Surface
-7
Wall Rock Wall Rock
Vein N=2180 Vein N=1932
-9 -9
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Figure 4.5. X-Y scatter plots of carbon and oxygen isotope data collected in this thesis at Cortez Hills and previous studies at Goldstrike
(Vaughan, 2013), Long Canyon (Lepore, 2013) and Pipeline (Ahmed, 2010) CTDs. Use the legend for the type of data collected. The black line
is the regression line displaying the relationship between carbon and oxygen isotopes.
altered if the mean was above the background threshold.
Cortez Hills results display fluid-reaction fronts decreasing with distance from the deposit: Au-Tl <
Sb < Hg < As < 18O (Fig. 4.7, 4.8). The most distal alteration halo in both transects was δ18O. All drill holes are
considered altered in δ18O (above lower background threshold) therefore the greatest mappable expression
(deposit footprint) was not defined. The deposit footprint is outside the extent of exploration drilling. North
to south; the δ18O alteration halo extends >2 km north towards Cortez Pits and >3.5 km to the SE (Fig. 4.7).
West to east; the δ18O alteration halo is >0.3 km east of the Breccia Zone and >2 km to the west of Lower
Zone (Fig. 4.8). East of the Breccia Zone, Cortez Hills was cut by the Cortez Fault and drilling does not extend
further into the footwall and the Jurassic Mill Canyon Stock. North to Old Cortez, there is a saddle pattern
where pathfinder geochemistry (As, Hg, Sb) decreased creating alteration haloes between Old Cortez and
Cortez Hills systems (Fig. 4.8). Arsenic is the farthest travelled pathfinder element and there is a large con-
trast in distance between it and remaining pathfinder elements in both transects. In the NW-SE transect (Fig.
Ag Ag halo
1000
Highly Anom.
Values
100 Upper Threshold
Anomalous Values
ppm
10 Lower Threshold
Background Values
1
3000 2000 1000 0 Orezone 0 1000 2000 3000 4000

Distance from Orezone (meters)
Figure 4.6. Conceptual diagram to explain box and whisker plots of 18O, As, Hg, Sb, Tl drill holes
along a long-section as a function of distance from an orezone (metres). Red box plots represent
drill holes that were sampled for isotope analysis. Blue box plots represent additional drill holes to
fill distances between the sampled drill holes. Red lines represent lower (background) and upper
(highly anomalous) thresholds. Large green rectangles represent above lower thresholds and the
extents of the reaction front for that given element or isotope.
4.7), Hg is within the fringes of Lower Zone and is 1 km narrower than the As halo. Antimony is within the Hg
alteration halo and tight within the Lower Zone boundaries along the NW-SE transect. In the W-E transect,
the Sb alteration halo is tight surrounding the Breccia Zone. Thallium displayed no distinct alteration haloes,
concentrations were below the lower background threshold. In the W-E transect, Tl is above background on
Middle Zone fringes and within the Breccia Zone. The behavior of Hg, Sb and Tl geochemistry is heteroge-
neous between orezones. These two transects are a simplistic method to define alteration haloes.
105
δ18O NNW
18
O Halo SSE
5
10
V-SMOW
15 Upper
Threshold
20 Lower
Threshold
25
3000 2000 1000 0 Lower Zone 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 As
As 1000
Halo
100 Upper
Threshold
ppm
Lower
10 Threshold
3000 2000 1000 0 Lower Zone 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 Hg

Old
Hg 10 Halo
Cortez Upper
Pits 1
ppm
Threshold
Lower
0.1 Threshold
0.01
3000 2000 1000 0 Lower Zone 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 Sb
Sb 100 Halo
Upper
10 Threshold
ppm
Lower
1
Threshold
0.1
3000 2000 1000 0 Lower Zone 0 1000 2000 3000 4000
Tl 10
Upper
Threshold
1
Lower
Threshold
ppm
0.1
0.01
3000 2000 1000 0 Lower Zone 0 1000 2000 3000 4000
Distance from Lower Zone (m)

Figure 4.7. Box and whisker plots of 18O, As, Hg, Sb, Tl for drill holes along the NW-SE
sampling long-section as a function of distance from Lower Zone (metres). Definition of
carbonate alteration footprint using the lower (background) threshold. Sample transect is
north-northwest to south-southeast along Cortez Hills.
106
To date, Cortez Hills is the largest CTD footprint identified using the methodology and sample size
outlined in section 4.1.1 (Ahmed, 2010; Lepore, 2013; Vaughan, 2013; Tucker, 2015). It demonstrates Carlin
systems are more extensive than previously documented.
4.3.3 Defining Fluid Flow Pathways and Targeting Mineralization
This section described fluid flow pathways defined by pathfinder element concentrations and car-
bon-oxygen isotope compositions using cross sections (Fig. 4.9 to 4.13) and drill hole compilations (Fig. 4.14
and Appendix D5). Highly anomalous thresholds (δ18O- 18 ‰, As- 98 ppm, Hg- 1.2 ppm, Sb- 20 ppm, Tl- 1.2
ppm) were used to define alteration haloes around mineralization. Fronts and sides of fluid-reaction fronts
are described.
4.3.3.1. Cross Sections
Geological cross sections were created using geological modelled surfaces produced by Barrick Gold
Corp. geologists and geological drill hole data by the author (Fig. 4.9 to 4.13). Geochemical modelling was
performed using Leapfrog 3D Geo implicit modelling to create shells from drill hole data. On cross sections,
the most extensive pathfinder element shells were drawn on the cross sections. Small (<20 m) sparse shells
were not drawn as they are not significant to alteration haloes or considered significant fluid pathways when
sparsely distributed. Drill hole density for δ18O isotope compositions were too sparse and created poorly
modelled shells. The δ18O isotope compositions were plotted as drill holes and alteration haloes qualitatively
drawn and provided an effective method to identify influence of major faults and folds, and how fluid flow
pathways may be linked. Several structural features are described in detail using geology, geochemistry and
13
C, 18O.
Low-Angle Faults
Low-angle faults and orezones spatially overlap geologically and geochemically. Low-angle faults dis-
played very highly anomalous δ18O compositions (<14 ‰). Haloes are visible in three cross sections (28600N,
27000N and 26000N) and long section (NW-SE) surrounding LZ. These haloes have δ18O compositions from
<14 to 18 ‰ and occurred in eight drill holes along Cortez anticline and LZ (Fig. 4.11 to 4.13). These haloes
range from 150–245 m in width and up to 600 m in height. δ18O depletion is spatially consistent with the
modelled Pondex Thrust Fault and thrust slice beneath (Fig. 4.11, 4.12, 4.13).
107
W
18
O Halo E
δ O
18
5
10
V-SMOW
15 Upper
Threshold
20 Lower
25 Threshold
As
2000 1000 Lower Zone Middle Zone Breccia Zone 1000 2000
As
1000 Halo
ppm
100 Upper
Threshold
Lower
10 Threshold
1
Hg
100
10
ppm
1 Upper
Threshold
0.1 Lower
Threshold
0.01
Sb 100
Upper
10 Threshold
Lower
ppm
1 Threshold
1000
0.1
Tl
10
Upper
1 Threshold
ppm
Lower
0.1 Threshold
Distance from Orezone (m)
Figure 4.8. Box and whisker plots of 18O, As, Hg, Sb, Tl for drill holes along the 28600N
cross-section as a function of distance from Lower, Middle and Breccia Zones (metres).
Definition of carbonate alteration footprint using the lower (background) threshold. Sample
transect is west to east across Cortez Hills.
108
Schematic Map of Orezones
and Sampling Transect
N
MZ
Sediments Structural Symbols δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ Tracer Haloes for BZ NW-SE section looking NE
Mineralization No vertical exaggeration
MQal Miocene-Quaternary alluvium Unconformity 18-27 LZ
(upper threshold) Section thickness is 305m (1000 ft)
Lower Plate Sedimentary Rocks 14-18 As - 98 ppm
Inferred fault
Dhc Devonian Horse Canyon Fm. (high confidence) <14 Hg - 1.2 ppm
Inferred fault Sb - 20 ppm
Dwb Devonian Wenban Fm.
(low confidence)
Srm Silurian Roberts Mt. Fm. Tl - 1.2 ppm
Au zone outlines δ18O - 18 ‰
Ohc Ordovician Hansen Creek Fm. based on Au grade
(0.2 oz/ton)
CH04-051 CH05-136 DC-234 DC-247
3000
900
Qal
Dwb
800 CH05-020
2500
.
Ft
700
nt
Po
ce
109
nd
es
ex
Th
Cr
Srm rus 2000

600 tF
au
lt
Metres
UGPZ-025
Feet
500
1500
400
Ohc
300 1000
Oe
200
500
100 Ch
??
0 0
CHUE-361
Figure 4.9. NW-SE long section displaying geology and alteration haloes surrounding mineralization. Upper threshold (highly anomalous)
was used.
Schematic Map of Orezones
and Sampling Transect
N
MZ
Sediments Structural Symbols δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ Tracer Haloes for BZ
Mineralization
MQal Miocene-Quaternary alluvium Unconformity 18-27 LZ NW-SE section looking NE
(upper threshold)
As - 98 ppm No vertical exaggeration
Lower Plate Sedimentary Rocks Inferred fault 14-18
Section thickness is 305m (1000 ft)
Dhc Devonian Horse Canyon Fm. (high confidence) <14 Hg - 1.2 ppm
Inferred fault Sb - 20 ppm
(low confidence)
Srm Silurian Roberts Mt. Fm. Tl - 1.2 ppm
Au zone outlines δ18O - 18 ‰
Ohc Ordovician Hansen Creek Fm. based on Au grade
Oe Ordovician Eureka Fm. (0.2 oz/ton)
1600 5000
CH05-005
CH08-001 CHPZ-293 CH05-114
1500
110
4500
1400
1300 4000
Dwb
1200
3500
1100
1000 3000
Metres
Feet
900
2500
700
Srm
600 2000
500
1500
400
300 Ohc 1000
200
500
Oe
100
Ch
0 0
Figure 4.9. continued. NW-SE long section displaying geology and alteration haloes surrounding mineralization. Upper (highly anom-
alous) threshold was used.
Sediments Structural Symbols δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ Schematic Map of Orezones 33000 N section looking N
MQal Miocene-Quaternary alluvium and Sampling Transect No vertical exaggeration
Unconformity 18-27
Section thickness is 305m (1000 ft)
Igneous Rocks 14-18
Inferred fault N
Jmc Jurassic Mill Canyon Stock (high confidence) <14
Etc Eocene Caetano Tuff Units Inferred fault MZ
(low confidence) Tracer Haloes for
Lower Plate Sedimentary Rocks Mineralization BZ
Au zone outlines
Dwb Devonian Wenban Fm. (Upper Threshold) LZ
based on Au grade
Srm Silurian Roberts Mt. Fm. (0.2 oz/ton) As - 98 ppm
Ohc
Ohc Ordovician Hansen Creek Fm. δ18O - 18 ‰
Oe
Ch Cambrian Hamburg
Dolomite Fm.
1100 CH05-030
CH04-072
111
Dwb CH05-029 MQal
t
zF
1000 CH05-020 3000
CH05-035
rte
Co
.
Ft
Garnet
900
st
ru
Garne
CC05-003 Srm 2500
Th
800
East Ft
ex
t West
nd
Po
700
Metres
.
2000
Feet
Ft.
600
Ohc
500 1500
Voodoo Thrust Ft.

400
Oe
1000
300 Jmc
200 Ch
500
100
??
0 0
Figure 4.10. Cross-section of 33000N displaying geology and alteration haloes surrounding mineralization. Upper (highly anomalous)
threshold was used.
Sediments Structural Symbols δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ Schematic Map of 28600 N section looking N
Orezones and No vertical exaggeration
MQal Miocene-Quaternary alluvium Unconformity 18-27 Sampling Transect Section thickness is
Igneous Rocks 14-18 305 m (1000 ft)
Inferred fault N
Jmc Jurassic Mill Canyon Stock (high confidence) <14
Eocene Caetano Tuff Units LZ MZ BZ
Etc Inferred fault
Tracer Haloes for
(low confidence)
Lower Plate Sedimentary Rocks Mineralization
(upper threshold)
based on Au grade As - 98 ppm
Dwb Devonian Wenban Fm. (0.2 oz/ton) Hg - 1.2 ppm
Srm Silurian Roberts Mt. Fm. Sb - 20 ppm
Ohc Ordovician Hansen Creek Fm. Tl - 1.2 ppm
Oe Ordovician Eureka Fm. δ18O - 18 ‰
Ft.
3500
ector
t
1000
zF
Prosp
DC-063
Ft.
DC-093
rte
CH04-057
en
Co
3000
MQal
112
ak
CH05-136
Kr
CH04-052
st Ft. Dhc
800 Breccia Zone
2500
Garnet Ea
Ft.
t.
Garnet West
sF
Etc Dwb
es
rtr
Metres
Fo
600 2000
Feet
CHPZ-22A
Ft.
1500
Srm
Falmingo
400
Ponderosa Fault Zone Jmc
Lower Zone
Middle Zone 1000
200
.
oo .
Ft
500
Ohc od t
st
Vo st F
ru
ru
Th
Th
Feet 0 500 1000

ex
Oe
nd
Metres 0 100 200 300

Po
0 0
Figure 4.11. Cross-section of 28600N displaying geology and alteration haloes surrounding mineralization. Upper (highly anomalous)
threshold was used.
Sediments Structural Symbols 27000 N section looking N Schematic Map of
MQal Miocene-Quaternary alluvium No vertical exaggeration Orezones and
Unconformity
Section thickness is 213 m Sampling Transect
Igneous Rocks
Inferred fault (700 ft)
Jmc Jurassic Mill Canyon Stock N
(high confidence)
Tracer Haloes for MZ BZ
Lower Plate Sedimentary Rocks Inferred fault Mineralization (upper
LZ
(low confidence) threshold)

Srm Silurian Roberts Mt. Fm. Au zone outlines As - 98 ppm
based on Au grade Hg - 1.2 ppm
Ohc
Ohc Ordovician Hansen Creek Fm. (0.2 oz/ton)
Sb - 20 ppm
Oe
Oe Ordovician Eureka Fm. δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰
Tl - 1.2 ppm
Ch Cambrian Hamburg 18-27
δ18O - 18 ‰
Dolomite Fm. 14-18
<14
DC-234 CH07-005
1200 4000
CH06-015 MQal Dwb
t Ft.
3500
.
Ft
Garnet Eas
1000 st
ru
Srm
Th
ex
3000
nd
Po
800
2500
Metres
Ohc
Feet
UGPZ-025
600 2000
Oe
Ponderosa
1500
Fault Zone
400
Ch
1000
t.
Jmc
zF
200
rte
?? 500
Co
Feet 0 500 1000
Metres 0 100 200 300

0 0
Figure 4.12. Cross-section of 27000N displaying geology and alteration haloes surrounding mineralization.
Upper threshold (highly anomalous) was used.
113
Sediments Structural Symbols 26000 N section Schematic Map of
MQal Miocene-Quaternary alluvium looking N Orezones and
Unconformity
Igneous Rocks No vertical Sampling Transect
Inferred fault exaggeration
Jmc Jurassic Mill Canyon Stock N
(high confidence) Section thickness
Etc Eocene Caetano Tuff Units Inferred fault is 213m (700 ft) LZ MZ BZ
Lower Plate Sedimentary Rocks (low confidence) Tracer Haloes for

Dwb Devonian Wenban Fm. Mineralization (upper
Au zone outlines
threshold)
based on Au grade
Srm Silurian Roberts Mt. Fm. As - 98 ppm
(0.2 oz/ton)
Ohc
Ohc Ordovician Hansen Creek Fm. δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ Hg - 1.2 ppm
Oe
Oe Ordovician Eureka Fm. 18-27 Sb - 20 ppm
Ch Cambrian Hamburg 14-18 Tl - 1.2 ppm
Dolomite Fm. δ18O - 18 ‰
<14
CH06-016
DC-247 Dwb
CH06-012 4000
1200
Garnet East Ft.
MQal
3500
Ft.
Srm
ss
1000
tre
3000
For
.
Ft
Etc
st
ru
800
Th
Ohc 2500
ex
Metres
Feet
nd
Po
600 2000
Oe
1500
400 Ponderosa
Fault Zone Ch
t.
zF
1000
rte
Co
200
Feet 0 500 1000 Jmc 500
Metres 0 100 200 300

0 0
CHUE-361
Figure 4.13. Cross-section of 26000N displaying geology and alteration haloes surrounding miner-
alization. Upper threshold (highly anomalous) was used.
114
High-Angle Faults
Late high-angle faults displayed above background and highly anomalous δ18O and δ13C composi-
tions. Cortez, Crescent, Falcon, Veatch and Falmingo are all late high-angle faults related to Basin and Range
extensional tectonics and display distinct δ18O alteration haloes. The Cortez Fault has a 76 m halo (CH-
PZ–22A) (Fig. 4.11). Drill hole CC05–003 is located parallel in the footwall of the Crescent Fault, and inter-
sects the fault at the Tqa-Dwb Fm. contact (Fig. 4.10). The previous drill hole displays a 150 m 18O halo with
stacked patterns of As, Hg, Sb and Tl. Drill hole CHPZ–293 is centered on the Falcon-Cortez Fault Block and
displays highly anomalous compositions over 184 m (δ18O: 14 to 18 ‰) (Fig. 4.9). Moving south to CH05-005
there are two potential intersections with the same fault block. These high-angle faults are surrounding the
deposit and rarely crosscut the orezones. One example where high-angle faults (Rosemary and Tumeric)
crosscut the deposit is in the southern half of LZ (Fig. 4.9 and 4.13). In the same area, remobilization of path-
finder elements (As and Hg) occurred along faults and δ18O depletion above LZ. Drill hole CH06–012 displays
a 90 m halo of δ18O depletion (<18 ‰). There is no clear intersection with modelled faults but depletion
could be related to the Fortress Fault, ~170 m to the east or Garnet East Fault, 150m to the west.
Unknown Fluid Pathways
Unknown fluid pathways are pathways with no structural association with modelled faults. A sig-
nificant sub-horizontal region of 18O depletion extends >3.5 km to the SE of Cortez Hills. This lateral fluid
pathway was observed in all sampling transects at depth in the lower half of the Srm Fm. and upper part of
the Ohc Fm. An example is in the 33000N transect (Fig. 4.10) where there are 100–200 m size δ18O haloes
followed by smaller As, Hg and Sb haloes with anomalous spikes in Au. This unknown fluid pathway is better
defined as areas with δ18O <14 ‰ (yellow) in cross sections. A significant fluid flow pathway occurs at depth
as displayed by CH08–001, CHPZ–293, CH05–005 and CH05–114 using δ18O and was supported by anomalous
As and Hg concentrations in a drill hole 915 m to the SE. This unknown fluid pathway in each hole may be
linked. In CH08-001 (most proximal hole) there are stacked patterns at depth with anomalous Au concen-
trations. Moving to the SE further in CHPZ–293 (the most proximal hole) stacked fronts of highly anomalous
concentrations for all four pathfinder elements in conjunction with 18O depletion (<12 ‰) and anomalous
concentrations in Au. Moving to the SE to CH05–005, Au, Hg, and Tl display background concentrations, and
As and Sb display anomalous concentrations but a fluid pathway can identified using 18O isotopes. In the
most distal drill hole (CH05–114) the pathfinder elements display lower concentrations and dominantly back-
115
ground concentrations except Hg. In CH05–114, 18O isotopes identified a major fluid pathway at depth with
an 18O halo of 200 m in height. This pathway is probably a low-angle structure due to the halo size and pos-
sible links with gold mineralization in proximal drill holes to the NW. This is a significant fluid flow pathway
as smaller logged faults displayed δ18O depletion with blocks of depletion from 3–20m or occasionally up to
30 m. For example, in several drill holes (CH04–052, CH04–057) there is a rhythmic peak and trough pattern
throughout from the Dwb to the Ohc Fm. This pattern correlates with logged faults but not major modelled
faults.
Folding
Depleted δ18O compositions occurred high in drill holes along the 28600N (Fig. 4.11) 27000N (Fig.
4.12) and 26000N (Fig. 4.13) cross-sections. Depletion correlates with the Cortez anticline hinge and the
low-angle Pondex thrust faults. Drill holes DC–234 and DC–247 display significant depleted 18O haloes directly
above LZ along the anticline hinge. A higher proportion of 18O depletion occurred in the steeper limb of the
Cortez Anticline (cross section 27000N and 26000N). Fluid flow is interpreted to be influenced by the pre-ex-
isting fold architecture at Cortez Hills.
Fluid Inlet
Pathfinder element geochemistry displayed vertical haloes, perpendicular to the orientation of the
Ohc Fm. in the southern extent of Lower Zone proximal to drill hole CHUE-361 and in Lower Lower Zone,
proximal to drill hole UGPZ-025 (Fig. 4.9). The deepest drill hole (CHUE-361) in this study displayed anom-
alous and highly anomalous pathfinder concentrations especially significant peaks in Au at depth. Both of
these drill holes displayed very highly anomalous 18O compositions throughout. For example CHUE-361 dis-
played very highly anomalous 18O compositions over 200 m and UGPZ-025 over 100 m. These two drill holes
displayed the most altered compositions for the Ohc Fm. from this study. The Ohc Fm. was not a significant
host to mineralization at Cortez Hills. The potential fault structures for inlets are the Pondex thrust fault in
the southern extent of Lower Zone and the Keg thrust fault 260 m along strike NW in Lower Lower Zone.
Synthesis
Geological modeled low- and high-angle faults displayed haloes of δ18O depleted compositions and
occasional δ13C depleted compositions. Fluid flow is focused via faults and permeable lithologies. Significant
δ18O depletion (<14 ‰) occurred in LZ and BZ orezones. Low-angle faults produced δ18O haloes (< 18 ‰) up
116
to 250 m and strongly highly anomalous thresholds (<14 ‰) representing mineralization of >120 m out-
ward from the orezone periphery. Highly anomalous δ18O compositions of the Ponderosa Fault Zone extend
outward of the As and Hg shells. Depletion is laterally extensive W to E. The 18O haloes surrounding low-angle
faults are larger by up to 140 m compared to high-angle faults. High-angle faults displayed δ18O haloes (<18
‰) up to 110 m and rare δ18O haloes (<14 ‰) occurred <50 m in width. A significant zone of 18O depletion
south of LZ occurs in the Srm Fm. and Srm-Ohc Fm. contact mapped with 200–450m blocks of depleted 18O
compositions (<18 ‰). Fluid reaction fronts for alteration haloes surrounding mineralization with decreasing
distance are: Au–Tl < 13C < Sb < Hg < As <18O.
4.3.3.2 Drill Hole Compilations
Compilation of geological and geochemical data down individual drill holes were used to image
finer-scale features of mineralization, alteration and by inference, fluid flow. It also shows the gradient of
C–18O trends with depth and is an effective method to quantify the size of alteration haloes. A conceptual
13
model (Fig. 4.14) of expected background, distal, proximal and mineralization trends down hole for δ13C and
δ18O, and the pathfinder elements. A figure has been created for every drill hole in this thesis and previous
honours thesis (Perrin, 2012) (Fig. 4.15 to Fig. 4.22, and Appendix D5). All drill holes in this study were altered
(Fig. 4.14). No drill holes were considered completely unaltered and below background thresholds (δ18O- 20.8
‰, As- 11 ppm, Hg- 0.11 ppm, Sb- 2.3 ppm, Tl- 0.35 ppm) (Fig. 4.14). Red dashed lines represent the 18O
alteration halo surrounding faults and orezones.
Down hole trends including peaks, troughs, and gradients are observed with different sampling in-
tervals between geochemistry (3–9 m), gold assays (3 m) and isotope analyses (3 m). Down hole trends were
demonstrated by stacked alteration patterns of δ18O, Au, As, Hg, and Sb with depth. Examples include four
drill holes on the west (CH06–015; Fig. 4.15, CH06–012; 4.16) and east (CH06–016; FIg. 4.17, CH07–005; Fig.
4.18) fringes of LZ at the same mineralization depth. CH06–012 is a good example for gradient from δ18O to
Au. Logged faults and breccias displayed anomalous (< 20.8 ‰) and highly anomalous (<18 ‰) δ18O compo-
sitions in conjunction with sharp anomalous Au values and anomalous pathfinder concentrations. Modelled
major faults and orezones produce a δ18O halo and display a gradual depletion towards the orezone core.
Moving from LZ to the BZ, vertical gradients in paleopermeability are reflected as stacked alteration patterns
(Au, As, Hg, Sb, Tl, δ18O). Breccia zone (DC–063; Fig. 4.19) displayed above background values for δ18O, As,
Hg, Sb and Tl throughout (360 m) in conjunction with areas of highly anomalous values and gold mineraliza-
117
Formation Background Distal Proximal Orezone
δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰
0 10 20 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0
Tqa
100
High-angle
200 Structure for
Dwb
300
Fluids
400
500 Natural
Fluid Flow
Depth (m)
600
Background
Srm
Variation Pathway
700 Fluid Flow
800 Pathway
900 Au mineral.
No carbonate
1000
Fluid Flow
1100 Pathway Au
mineral.
1200 No carbonate
Ohc
1300
118
(ppm) (ppm) (ppm)

(ppm) (ppm)
0.0001 0.01 1 100 0.001 0.1 10 1000 0.0001 0.01 1 100 0.0001 0.01 1 100
0 0
Tqa
100
200
Dwb
300
400
500
Depth (m)
600
Srm
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
Ohc 1300
Au (ppm) As Hg Sb Tl Au (ppm) As Hg Sb Tl Au (ppm) As Hg Sb Tl Au (ppm) As Hg Sb Tl

Figure 4.14. Conceptual diagram to display down hole trends of O compositions and the pathfinder elements in a channel-
18
ized flow regime.

Drill hole: CH06-015
Pathfinder Elements
Formation δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ δ13C (V-PDB) ‰ (ppm)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
0 0 0 0
F 200
F 100 100 100
F 400
Dwb 600
200 200 200
F+ 5
BX 800
F+ 300 300 300 1000

BX δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ δ13C (V-PDB) ‰ Pathfinder Elements
F
Formation (ppm)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 1200 10000
Depth (ft)
400 0 400 0 400
Depth (m)
0 0
Tqa 1400
F+ F+
BX BX 1600
F 500 500 500
200
F
1800
F Srm Dwb 100 100 100
119
F Ohc 600 600 600

F 2000 400
West of
F F Lowerzone
2200
700 Orezone 700 700
F+ Major Fluid 600
200 200 200
2400
BX Pathway
3
Depth (ft)
800 800 800 2600
Depth (m)
Ohc 2 800
Srm 2800
900 N=116
300
900 N=116
300
900
300 3000 1000
Au (ppm) As Hg Sb Tl
Undepleted/Background Undepleted/Background
F 3
Background 1200
Weakly400depleted/Anomalous Weakly depleted/Anomalous
400 400 Anomalous
Ohc 2
1400
Depleted/Highly Anom. Depleted/Highly Anom. Highly
F+ Anom.
2
BX Strongly Depleted/Very
500 Highly Anom. 500 500
1600
N=62 N=62
Figure 4.15. Drill hole (CH06-015) geology, isotope and geochemistry compilation. Drill hole from 27000N cross-section
Au (ppm) located
As Hgacross
Sb Tl
Cortez Hills through the Lower Lower Zone (LLZ) and Lower Zone (LZ). Error bars on isotope results are analytical error reported to 1 stan-
dard deviation. Scale is in meters and feet.
Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
0 0 0 0
Tqa 200
100 100 100
400
600
200 200 200
Dwb 800
Unknown Fluid
300 Pathways 300 300 1000
F+ 1200
BX δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ 400 δ13C (V-PDB) ‰ 400 Pathfinder Elements
Formation 400 (ppm) 1400
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
Depth (ft)
Depth (m)
0 0 0 16000
Tqa 500 500 500
F+ Missing 1800
BX
F 600 600 sample 600 2000
200
Dwb 100 100 100

120
F West of 2200
700 700 700 400
Srm Lowerzone 2400
F Orezone
Major Fluid 800 800 2600
800
Pathway 600
200 200 200 2800
3
Ohc 900 900 900
Depth (ft)
3000
Depth (m)
2 800
Srm 3200
Eqp 1000 N=78 1000 N=78 1000
300 300 300 1000
F 3
Background 1200
Weakly400depleted/Anomalous Weakly
400depleted/Anomalous 400 Anomalous
Ohc 2
1400
F+ Anom.
2
1600
N=62 N=62
FIgure 4.16. Drill hole (CH06-012) geology, isotope and geochemistry compilation. Drill hole from 26000N cross-section located across
Cortez Hills through the Lower Zone (LZ). Error bars on isotope results are analytical error reported to 1 standard deviation. Scale is in
meters and feet.
Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
0 0 0 0
200
Tqa 100 100 100
400
600
200 200 200
F+ 800
BX
Eqp 300 300 300 1000
F Pathfinder Elements
F
Dwb
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100
1200
10000
400 0 400 0 400
Depth (ft)
Depth (m)
0 0
F Tqa 1400
F+
F+
BX Srm
BX 500 500 500 1600
F+ 200
BX F Missing 1800
Dwb Pondex
100 100 sample 100
121
FF 600 Thrust Fault 600 600 2000400

F+ 18
O Target
BX F 2200
700 700 700
2400600
Srm 200 Ponderosa 200 200
Fault Zone 2600
Depth (ft)
800 800 800
Depth (m)
F 18
O Target 800
F 2800
Srm
900 N=60 900 N=60 900
300 300 300 3000
1000
F 3
Background 1200
Weakly depleted/Anomalous Weakly depleted/Anomalous
Ohc 400 400 400 Anomalous
2
1400
F+ Anom.
2
1600
N=62 N=62
Figure. 4.17. Drill hole (CH06-016) geology, isotope and geochemistry compilation. Drill hole from 26000N Aucross-section
(ppm) As located
Hg across
Sb Cor-
Tl
tez Hills through the Lower Zone (LZ). Error bars on isotope results are analytical error reported to 1 standard deviation. Scale is in meters
and feet.
Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
0 0 0 0
200
Tqa 100 100 100
400
600
200 200 200
800
300 300 300 1000
Dwb Pathfinder Elements 1200

Formation
400 δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ 400 δ13C (V-PDB) ‰ 400 (ppm)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 1400
10000
Depth (m)
Pondex
0 0
Depth (ft)
0 0
Tqa 500 Thrust Fault 500 1600
500
F+ Srm 18
O Halo
BX 1800
Eqp 200
F 600 No carbonate 600 600 2000
Dwb 100 100 100
F 2200
122
700 700 700 400

East of
F Lowerzone 2400
Orezone
800 800 800 2600 600
200 Ponderosa Fault 200 200
2800
Zone Halo
Depth (ft)
900 900 900
Depth (m)
3000 800
Srm
N=65 N=65 3200
1000 1000 1000
300 300 300 1000
F 3
Background 1200
400
depleted/Anomalous 400 Anomalous
Ohc 2
1400
F+ Anom.
2
1600
N=62 N=62
Figure 4.18. Drill hole (CH07-005) geology, isotope and geochemistry compilation. Drill hole from 27000N cross-section located
across Cortez Hills through the Lower Lower Zone (LLZ) and Lower Zone (LZ). Error bars on isotope results are analytical
error reported to 1 standard deviation. Scale is in meters and feet.
Drill hole: DC-063
Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.001 0.1 10 1000
0 0 0 0
Tqa
200
Dhc
F 100 100 100
400
F Dwb
δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ δ13C (V-PDB) ‰ Pathfinder Elements
Formation (ppm)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 600
10000
Breccia
Depth (ft)
F 0 0 0 0
Depth (m)
200 Orezone 200 200

F+ Tqa
F+ Au Grade
BX Shell Target
BX 800
200
F
Dwb 100 100 100
F Dwb 1000 400
300 300 300
123
600
F+ 200 200 200 1200
BX Breccia
Depth (ft)
Orezone
Depth (m)
800
400 Au Grade 400 400
Srm 1400
Shell Target
N=51
300 N=51
300 300 1000
F 3
Background 1200
Weakly
400 depleted/Anomalous Weakly
400 depleted/Anomalous 400 Anomalous
Ohc 2
1400
F+ Anom.
2
1600
N=62 N=62
Figure 4.19. Drill hole (DC-063) geology, isotope and geochemistry compilation. Drill hole from 28600N cross-section located
across the core of Cortez Hills through the Lower Zone, Middle Zone and Breccia Zone. Error bars on isotope results are analyti-
cal error reported to 1 standard deviation. Scale is in meters and feet.
Drill hole: DC-234
Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.001 0.1 10 1000
0 0 0 0
Tqa
200
100 100 100
400
Dwb 600
200 200 200
800
300 300 300 Pathfinder Elements 1000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
Depth (ft)
Depth (m)
Eqp 1200
0 0 0 0
Tqa 400 400 400
F+ Srm 1400
BX
200
F 1600
500 Lower Zone 500 500
Dwb 100 100 100
F Oreshell 1800
and 400
124
F 600 Ponderosa 600

F 600 2000
F Fault Zone
18
O Halo 600
200 200 200 2200
F
700 700 700
Depth (ft)
F
Depth (m)
2400 800
Srm
N=58 N=58 800 2600
800 800
300 300 300 1000
F 3
Background 1200
Weakly400depleted/Anomalous Weakly400depleted/Anomalous 400 Anomalous
Ohc 2
1400
F+ Anom.
2
500
Highly Anom. 500 500
1600
N=62 N=62
Figure 4.20. Drill hole (DC-234) geology, isotope and geochemistry compilation. Drill hole from 27000N cross-section
Au (ppm)
located
As
acrossSb
Hg Tl
Cortez Hills through the Lower Lower Zone (LLZ) and Lower Zone (LZ). Error bars on isotope results are analytical error reported to 1
standard deviation. Scale is in meters and feet.
Drill hole: DC-247 Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
0 0 0
Tqa
200
100 100 100
400
600
200 200 200
800
BX 300 300 300 1000
Dwb δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ δ13C (V-PDB) ‰ Pathfinder Elements 1200

Formation
400 400 400 (ppm)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 1400 10000
Depth (m)
Depth (ft)
0 0 0 0
Tqa500 500 500 1600
F+
BX 1800
200
F 600 600 600
2000
Dwb 100 100 100
125
F 2200
700 700 700 400
F 2400
Eqp
Eqp Lower Zone 2600
800 800 800 600
Orezone
200 200 200
Srm 2800
Depth (ft)
3 900
900 900
Depth (m)
F Ohc 3000 800

2
Srm
N=52 N=52 3200
1000 1000 1000
300 300 300
Au (ppm) As Hg Sb Tl 1000
F 3
Background 1200
Ohc 2
1400
F+ Altered
2
1600
N=62 geology, isotope and geochemistry

Figure 4.21. Drill hole (DC-247) N=62compilation. Drill hole from NE-SW long-section located across Cor-
tez Hills (Perrin, 2012). No analytical error documented in source results. Scale is in meters and feet. Au (ppm) As Hg Sb Tl
Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -8 -3 2 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
0 0 0 0
200
100 100 100
400
Dwb
600
200 200 200
F 800
F
+BX 300 δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ 300 δ13C (V-PDB) ‰ 300 Pathfinder Elements
Formation (ppm) 1000
Depth (m)
Depth (ft)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
0 0 0 0
Tqa 1200
F F+ Srm 400 400
400
F BX Ponderosa 1400 200
+BX F Fault Zone
126
Dwb and
100 O
18
100 100
F Halo 1600
500 500 500
400
F+ F
BX 1800
600 600 600

Ohc 200 600 200 200 2000
Depth (ft)
Depth (m)
F+ 2200 800
Srm700
N=110 N=110
BX 700 700
300 300 300 1000
F Background 1200
3
Ohc 400 400 Anomalous
2
1400
F+ Anom.
2
500
1600
Figure 4.22. Drill hole (CH04-052)

N=62 geology, isotope and geochemistry
N=62 compilation. rill hole from 28600N cross-section located
across the core of Cortez Hills through the Lower Zone, Middle Zone and Breccia Zone. Error bars on isotope resultsAsare analyti-
Au (ppm) Hg Sb Tl
cal error reported to 1 standard deviation. Scale is in meters and feet.
tion over 120 m. Geochemically and isotopically this is most highly anomalous drill hole in this study. Two
other holes with significant gold mineralization over 140 m (DC–234; Fig. 4.20) and 240 m (DC–247; Fig. 4.21)
occurred in Lower Zone but are less altered compared to the Breccia Zone. In these drill holes, gold mineral-
ization contained several samples with little or no carbonate remaining which may be attributed to decarbon-
atization and silicification.
The greatest δ18O depleted compositions occur at depth and in orezones. Orezones displayed δ18O
compositions < 14 ‰ and occasionally down to 0 ‰. δ13C and δ18O compositions commonly displayed
stacked depletion however occasionally they are decoupled and displayed an inverse relationship. The cause
of this inverse relationship is unknown. For example at 380–410 m depth in CH04–052 (Fig. 4.22), δ18O is
depleted between 1-10 ‰ (very highly anomalous) whereas δ13C is anomalous and background at 0.7 to 2
‰. Fluid reaction fronts for alteration haloes surrounding mineralization with decreasing distance are: Au–Tl
< 13C < Sb < Hg < As <18O. The previous relationship is consistent in drill holes but occasionally Sb and Hg may
be reversed in cross-sections and box-whisker plots.
4.3.4 Formation and Lithology
The δ13C and δ18O compositions are investigated in order of decreasing stratigraphic age in this sec-
tion. Box and whisker plots display formation (Fig. 4.23), subunit (Fig. 4.24), and lithology (Fig. 4.25) statistics.
Ordovician Hansen Creek (Ohc) Fm. contains the narrowest spread of δ13C data (Fig. 4.23) and a
similar mean composition for δ13C and δ18O compared to the Dwb Fm. It is the least δ13C and δ18O depleted
formation. The subunits of the Ohc Fm. differ in their isotopic composition. The mean δ18O composition of
Ohc 1 and Ohc 3 is enriched by 2.5 ‰ relative to Ohc 2. However, Ohc 3 displays a greater spread of δ18O
compositions (Fig. 4.24). Ohc 2 subunit lithologies are dominantly silty-limestones and lime mudstones, and
occasionally a marble and calc-silicate marble. Ohc 1 and Ohc 3 are dominantly dolostones and marbles.
An example where mineralized dolostone (Ohc 3) does not display significant δ18O depletion is in drill hole
CH05–020 at 240 m where this is a strong Au peak up to 2 ppm but the δ18O composition range is 18 to 19 ‰
(Appendix D5). Moving down the same drill hole to 360 m into the Ohc 2 there is a Au peak at 0.1 ppm with a
δ18O range of 14.5 to 17.5 ‰. The contrast in δ18O compositions may vary according to the predominance of
carbonate minerals in the rock; either dolomite or calcite. Dolomite and calcite are known to have different
isotope compositions under experimental conditions (Zheng et al. 1999) and in natural conditions in a variety
of geological environments (Roselle, 1997) including CTDs (Rye, Doe and Wells, 1974; Friesen, 2013; Lepore,
127
-4.0
-5.0
Dhc -6.0 N=2013

Dwb
δ13C (V-PDB) 13
‰ δ18O (V-SMOW)18‰
δ C (V-PDB) ‰ Srm δ O (V-SMOW) ‰
30
2.0 4.0
Background Ohc 30
28
1.5 Unknown 28
3.0 26 11
1.0 26
37
2.0
Background 24 24
0.5 2 3 16 119
Back-
22 22
0.0 1.0 15 ground Background15 36
1034 237
20 37 20 1034
11
0.5 0.0
2
18
3
36 18 Highly
1.0 Highly Highly 16 6 119
-1.0 Highly 139 16
Anom. Anom.
1.5 Anom. 8
14 597
237
139
Anom. 598 14 8 16
-2.0 12
2.0 2
12
-3.0 10
2.5 6
10 2
8
3.0 -4.0
Formation Formation
8 6
Dhc Dhc
3.5 Dwb 6 Dwb
-5.0 4
4.0 Srm N=249 Srm N=249
Ohc 4 2
Ohc
Dhc -6.0 Unknown Unknown
N=2013 0 N=2013
Dwb
Figure 4.23. Box and
Srm δ18Owhisker plots to display 13C and 18O pulped rock data as a function of logged forma-
(V-SMOW) ‰ Back-
2.0 tion.
Ohc 30 ground
Unknown 1.5 28
26
1.0
24
Background δ C (V-PDB) ‰ δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰

0.5 22 13
δ13C (V-PDB) ‰
20 1034
30
0.0
2.0
18
Background
-0.5 1.5
Highly 6
28
16
Anom. 237 26 11
14
-1.0 1.0
597 139
37 24
12
0.5 16 Back-
2 3 119
-1.5 10 22
0.0 15 ground 15 36
20 37
-2.0 8 11
-0.5 2 3
6 36 18
-2.5 -1.0 Highly Highly 119
4 16
Anom. 8 Anom.
-1.5
2
-3.0 14 8 16
-2.0
0 2 N=2013
-3.5 Highly 12
-2.5
Altered 10 2
-4.0 -3.0 N=249

8
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
-3.5 6
-4.0
δ O (V-SMOW) ‰ N=249
18
N=249
4
Subunit Figure 4.24. Box and whisker plots to display 13C and 18O
Dwb1 Dwb2 Dwb4 Dwb5 pulped rock data as a function of formation subunits.
Back-
Srm1 2.0 Srm3 Srm5
ground
Ohc1 Ohc2 Ohc3
1.5
1.0
128
0.5
B) ‰
0.0
2013; Vaughan, 2013). Different isotope compositions between dolomite and calcite are due to a difference
in fractionation factors at equilibrium (Chacko and Deines, 2008).
Silurian Roberts Mountain (Srm) Fm. is the most depleted δ13C and δ18O formation (Fig. 4.23). The
three most abundant Srm Fm. lithologies are silty-limestones (61%), calc-silicate lithologies (21%) and
marbles (9%). Calc-silicates and silty-limestones have a similar spread of δ18O compositions. This part of
the stratigraphic sequence (Fig. 2.2. stratigraphic sequence log; Srm Fm. subunits 1, 2, 3) comprises of thin
laminations, and occasionally burrows, trilobites, brachiopods, graptolites and phosphate lenses. Srm 1 is
dominantly a lime-mudstone and is potentially a more porous and permeable lithology compared to the silt
dominated silty-limestones in Srm 2, 3, 4, 5.
Devonian Wenban (Dwb) Fm. displayed the greatest range in δ13C and δ18O compositions for outliers
and extremes (Fig. 4.23). The three most abundant Dwb Fm. lithologies are silty-mudstones (43%), calc-sili-
cates (19%), and silty-limestones (16%). All hornfels lithologies in the data are within the Dwb Fm.
Devonian Horse Canyon (Dhc) Fm. does not have enough data (n=6) to make confident observations
on δ13C and δ18O isotope relationships. Breccia Zone samples analyzed displayed highly anomalous (upper
threshold) δ13C compositions, and anomalous to highly anomalous (upper threshold) δ18O compositions. All
samples analyzed produced negative δ13C compositions.
Rocks that could not be assigned to a specific formation displayed the most δ13C and δ18O depleted
compositions for mean and Q1–Q3 (50% of data) (Fig. 4.23). Unknown lithologies are logged as limestones,
calc-silicates, silty-mudstones and silty-limestones. Limestones, calc-silicates and silty-limestones are located
at similar relative elevations as other Srm Fm. lithologies and display similar average Ca/Mg ratios to Srm Fm.
lithologies. Isotope results and latter reasons suggest a number of unknown formation rocks were incor-
rectly logged by previous geologists. Secondly, the unknown formations may be heavily brecciated, faulted,
altered and/or mineralized lithologies making identification difficult.
Metamorphosed lithologies are the most δ13C-δ18O depleted lithology (Fig. 4.25). It is the most δ13C
depleted in terms of mean, Q1–Q3, whisker and outliers to -6.2 ‰. Extreme/whiskers of the data are deplet-
ed to -5.75 ‰ and Q1–Q3 data is 0 to -3.2 ‰. Compare these results to the next most depleted lithology;
silty-limestones with outliers depleted to -5.5 ‰, extremes and whiskers depleted to -3.5 ‰ and Q1–Q3
(50% of data) depleted from 0 to -1.5 ‰. Mean δ13C data for the three metamorphic lithologies are depleted
129
-6.0
-5.0 N=1937
-6.0
N=1937
δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰
δ13C30(V-PDB) ‰ δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰
28
4.0 30
26
28
3.0 24
Back- Back- 26
2.0 ground 22 ground 111 24
Back-
20 22 ground 111
1.0
105 503
18 563 96 30
20
0.0
111
Highly 105
563
16 18
14 503
Anom.
503 96 563 96 30
Highly
389
-1.0
Highly 14 16 105 14
Anom.
14
120 6 120 389
Anom. 12 30 389 14 6
-2.0 120
10 12 6
-3.0 10
8
-4.0 6 8
4 6
-5.0
2 4
-6.0
N=1937 2 N=1937
0
0 N=1937
Lithology
18
δ O (V-SMOW) ‰ Lithology
Dolostone Micrite Silty-mudstone Silty-limestone Limestone
30 Dolostone Micrite Silty-mudstone Silty-limestone Limestone
Hornfels Calc-silicate Marble Breccia Unknown
28 Hornfels Calc-silicate Marble Breccia Unknown
26Figure 4.25. Box and whisker plots to display 13C and 18O pulped rock data as a function of lithology.
24
Back-
by22 to 1.5 ‰111compared to other lithologies. Calc-silicate lithologies displayed the greatest range in δ13C and
-1ground
20
δ18O compositions.
503
18 563 96 30
Highly 105
16 14
14 Anom.
In conclusion, dolostone 389
is the most δ18O undepleted lithology (Fig. 4.25). Contact metamorphosed
120
12
lithologies and breccias are the most δ13C-δ618O depleted lithology. Silty-limestones and limestones are the
10
most
8 δ13C-δ18O depleted unmetamorphosed lithology. The most δ13C-δ18O depleted formation is the Siluri-
6
an Robert Mountains. Other carbonate alterations studies that utilized 13C and 18O isotopes, and pathfinder
4
elements
2 showed similar results. At Long Canyon breccias followed by silty-limestones displayed highest
0 N=1937
pathfinder element enrichment (Au, As, Hg, Sb, Tl) and greatest δ18O depletion (Lepore, 2013). At Goldstrike,
Lithology
breccias at the top of the Bootstrap Limestone and silty-carbonate rocks displayed highest pathfinder ele-
Dolostone Micrite Silty-mudstone Silty-limestone Limestone
ment enrichment
Hornfels Calc-silicate(Au, As, Hg,
Marble Sb, Tl) and
Breccia greatest δ
Unknown 18
O depletion (Vaughan, 2013).
4.3.5 Contact Metamorphism and Defining a Metamorphic Aureole
Contact metamorphism is a common occurrence in CTDs due to the proximity of Jurassic-Cretaceous
plutons (Barton, 1996; Humpreys et al. 2003) and impacts country rock C-O isotope compositions (Patterson,
2009; Vaughan, 2013). Effects of contact metamorphism are considered to identify the isotopic signature and
130
compare it to the Carlin signature. Contact metamorphism produces low-grade metamorphosed rocks e.g.
calc-silicate rich, hornfelsed rocks and marbles, and at higher grades skarn-type rocks. Metasomatism is de-
fined as metamorphism involving a change in the chemical compositions excluding the volatile components
(Jamveit and Valley, 1997). Carbon and oxygen isotope composition of a metamorphic rock is controlled by
six factors: (1) composition of the pre-metamorphic protolith; (2) effects of devolatilization; (3) temperature
of exchange reactions; (4) exchange kinetics; (5) fluid composition; and (6) fluid flux (Baumgartner and Valley,
2001). Devolatilization is the removal of volatile components from volatile rich minerals and occurs via dehy-
dration and decarbonation. Rayleigh volatilization is the continuous exchange and removal of small quantities
of fluid, and is the best measure of isotopic effects from dehydration and decarbonation. Decarbonation ef-
fects can cause δ18O depletion of 3 to 4 ‰ based on a calc-silicate limit of F ≥ 0.6 (Valley, 1986). Dehydration
effects are small with an estimate of <1 ‰ for δ18O (Baumgartner and Valley, 2001). Rayleigh devolatilization
produces limited δ18O depletion and significant δ13C depletion (up to 20 ‰). Rayleigh devolatilization rep-
resents isochemical contact metamorphism where there is only an exchange of heat and matter in a closed
system. The previous scenario is not always the reality as shown by the published trends in Fig. 4.26. and
data from this study. There are multiple factors in an open system such as: multiple volatilization reactions,
fluid infiltration, changes in temperature and other potential fluid sources (Valley, 1986). The more carbon
a rock contains, the greater the isotopic effects of contact metamorphism (and oxidation). A downward
δ13C-δ18O depletion trend presented in this thesis may be reflective of increasing temperature at depth and/
or multiple fluid events. Baumgartner and Valley (2001), investigated twenty-seven study areas involving
contact metamorphism to understand H-C-O isotope relationships. With increasing metamorphic grade there
is an increase in δ13C and δ18O depletion at scales from <3 cm to 3 km. Increasing metamorphic grade will
also produce bleaching, coarsening of calcite and the production of calc-silicate minerals in the rock. These
changes may be produced by volatilization reactions, fluid infiltration or variable temperatures. The review
(Baumgartner and Valley, 2001) concluded volatilization is always a factor in heavy H-C-O isotope depletion,
but not the main cause of large shifts. Disequilibrium effects can be identified and most contact aureoles are
infiltrated by fluids.
Metamorphosed lithologies were described using scatterplots (Fig. 4.26) with published δ13C –δ18O
trend data from twenty-seven contact metamorphism studies compiled by Baumgartner and Valley (2001).
It also includes the Rayleigh volatilization curve is a model calculated by Valley (1986). Trend lines represent
twenty-seven studies of contact metamorphosed carbonate lithologies (marbles, skarns, and calc-silicates)
131
4
A
3
δ13C (V-PDB) ‰
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
Non-metamorphosed
-6
Metamorphosed N=2037
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰
4 4
3
B Calc-silicate 3
C Marble
2 2
1 1
δ13C (V-PDB) ‰
δ13C (V-PDB) ‰
0 0
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
-6 -6
N=390 N=120
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
δ O (V-SMOW) ‰
18
δ O (V-SMOW) ‰
18
4 4
D Hornfels E
3 3
2 2
1 1
δ13C (V-PDB) ‰
δ13C (V-PDB) ‰
0 0
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 Rayleigh -5 Rayleigh
-6 volatlization -6 volatlization
N=30 N=540
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Figure 4.26. X-Y scatter plots of 13C and 18O to understand the influence of contact metamorphism at Cortez
Hills. (A) All lithologies including metamorphosed. (B) Calc-silicates. (C) Marbles. (D) Hornfels. (E) All meta-
morphosed lithologies. Trend lines represent 27 studies of contact metamorphosed carbonate lithologies
(marbles, skarns, and calc-silicates) under varied metamorphic grades (Baumgartner and Valley, 2001).
132
under varied metamorphic grades. These trend lines display a decrease in δ13C and δ18O compositions corre-
sponding to increasing metamorphic grade with magmatic fluid infiltration and flow. Rayleigh volatilization
represents thermal effects of metamorphism without fluid infiltration (Valley, 1986). Full details on localities
and metamorphic conditions can be found in Table 1. of Baumgartner and Valley, (2001). Metamorphic aure-
oles in these studies range from metres to 3 km in size (Baumgartner and Valley, 2001). Metamorphosed and
non-metamorphosed lithologies are displayed in Fig. 4.18A. Twelve outliers occur in the plots; eight outliers
are logged as calc-silicates and are strongly δ18O depleted to -1 ‰. Cause of these outliers may be due to lat-
er alteration or incorrectly logged lithology. Approximately 90% of data fall in the published δ13C–δ18O trends
and Rayleigh volatilization curve. Data logged as calc-silicates plot along the marble trend line. The majority
of Cortez Hills data falls within metamorphic conditions of 0.5–2.8 kbar and 350–650°C based on previous
studies (Baumgartner and Valley, 2001).
To define the extent of the metamorphic contact aureole, drill holes were plotted as a function of
distance from the Jurassic Mill Canyon Stock against δ13C-δ18O compositions of all lithologies (Fig. 4.27). The
3.5
30
3.0 29
2.5 28
27
2.0
26
1.5 25
24 Drill hole
1.0
23 CH05-035
22
δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰
0.5
δ13C (V-PDB) ‰
21 CH05-020
0 Drill hole
60 20 CH05-029
69 107 CH05-035
-0.5 19 55
94 CH04-072
18
CH05-020 107
-1.0 94 CH05-015
55
17
CH05-029
16 60
-1.5
CH04-072 69
15
-2.0 14
CH05-015
-2.5 13
12
-3.0 11
-3.5 10
9
-4.0 8
-4.5 7
4 3 2 1 0
4 3 2 1 0
Distance from Mill Canyon Stock (km)

Distance from Mill Canyon Stock (km)
Figure 4.27. Box and whisker plots to display drill hole distance relative to the Jurassic
Mil Canyon Stock for 13C and 18O pulped rock data.
133
selected transect was 33000N because it is located north of the Cortez Hills deposit (Fig. 4.2) and is a west-
east transect moving away from the stock. Drill holes in the 33000N transect are 0.75–5.2 km from the stock
contact boundary. CC05–003 is located on the late extensional Crescent Fault and displays the most depleted
δ13C and δ18O compositions (Fig. 4.10). It is excluded from data interpretation. The small depletion for ex-
treme compositions or whiskers in CH05–029 may be related to the drill hole’s proximity to Ponderosa North
prospect. There is an decrease in δ13C compositions in samples nearest to the stock.
In the Cortez District, contact metamorphism by the Jurassic Mill Canyon Stock or proximal Creta-
ceous quartz monzonite intrusions produced a 2 ‰ shift in δ18O and 2 ‰ shift in δ13C compositions relative
to mean. A number of CTDs including Cortez Hills are spatially associated with Jurassic-Cretaceous plutonism
(Henry, 2009; Henry et al. 2012) and Eocene magmatism (Colgan et al. 2008; Henry, 2009). The previous
igneous activity was overprinted by Carlin fluids which altered the isotopic composition (Vaughan, 2013). At
Cortez Hills, igneous activity produced contact metamorphism.
4.3.6 Oxidizing Fluids and Organic Material
Organic material particularly carbon is significantly depleted relative to carbonate by up to 18 ‰
in δ13C owing to biological fractionation (Ohmoto and Goldhaber, 1997; Swart, 2015). For organic carbon to
cause 13C depletion in carbonate rocks it has to be oxidized to assimilate isotopically light carbon into the
carbonate rock (Ohmoto and Goldhaber, 1997). Organic content such as carbon varies greatly in carbon-
ate stratigraphic sequences (Ohmoto and Goldhaber, 1997; Swart, 2015) including at Cortez Hills. At Cortez
Hills, a minimum of two oxidation events occurred, with one occurring at depth. Oxidation is evident from
large quantities of oxidized ore and oxidized rock on late high-angle extensional faults. Depleted δ13C iso-
tope compositions could also be a result of exchange with meteoric waters. For example, Oehlert and Swart
(2014) showed a coupled negative δ13C excursion produced by subaerial exposure and infiltration of meteoric
waters. These two processes may enhance oxidation.
Intensity of oxidation as logged in 28 drill holes were obtained from the Barrick Gold Corp. geology
database. Intensity of oxidation is qualitative and possibly inconsistent due to logging by different geologists.
Oxidation intensity is described as weak, medium and strong. Box and whisker plots and a scatterplot (Fig.
4.26) display the three types of oxidation with δ13C and δ18O compositions. Samples with the strongest oxida-
tion display the greatest δ13C and δ18O depletion, followed by medium and then weak oxidation. For δ13C, the
whiskers in the box plot are significantly more depleted compared to the other two oxidation intensities by a
134
STRONG δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰
30
δ13C (V-PDB) ‰
5.0
28
A B
4.0
26
24 3.0
22 2.0
20
1.0
18
732
16 0.0
168 732
14 66
-1.0 168
12
-2.0 66
10
MEDIUM 8
-3.0
Oxidation Oxidation
6 -4.0
Weak Weak
4
-5.0
2 Medium Medium
Strong -6.0 Strong
0 N=966 N=966
135
5.0
4.0 C
3.0
2.0
δ13C (V-PDB) ‰
1.0
0.0
WEAK -1.0
-2.0
-3.0 Oxidation
-4.0 Weak
-5.0 Medium
-6.0 Strong
N=966
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰
Figure 4.28. Influence of oxidation on the 13C and 18O of pulped rock samples. Note that less than half of the total
isotope results are displayed owing to rock not logged or oxidation absent from the rock. (A) δ18O. (B) δ13C. (C) δ 13C
versus δ18O. (D) Size of the data points represents the As thresholds.
difference of 2 ‰.
4.3.7 Calcite and Dolomite 13C – 18O Compositions
Previous studies have attempted to correct for isotopic disparity between calcite and dolomite. For
example, Friesen (2013) performed XRD analysis on 13 samples to quantity the modal abundance of calcite
versus dolomite in a sample. These modal abundances were then used to normalize an average of two bulk
isotope results and model a rock containing instead; 100 % calcite or 100 % dolomite. Other CTD studies
were able to sample dolomite or calcite directly in vein or wall rock samples however did not apply a cor-
rection. These studies showed dolomite was heavier in δ18O relative to calcite (Rye et al. 1974, Radtke et al.
1980; Ahmed, 2010). Contrasts between dolomite and calcite has also been documented in skarn (Vazquez
et al. 1998) and dolostone-hosted replacement deposits (Friehauf and Pareja, 1998).
At the Long Canyon deposit, dolomite lithologies were undepleted in δ18O compositions from 17.5 to
21.5 ‰ (Q1–Q3) compared to δ18O depleted limestones surrounding the dolomite from 13.5 to 19.0 ‰ (Q1–
Q3). In addition, dolostone-hosted breccias were elevated in pathfinder element concentrations but not δ18O
depleted compared to calcite rich breccias (Lepore, 2013). Lepore (2013) attributed this contrast to a kinetic
effect “inhibiting exchange of 18O isotopes between fluid and dolomite owing to either isotope fractionation
inhibition or lower dolomite solubility in the fluid”. Friehauf et al. (1998) used similar reaction kinetics for
fluid-mineral isotopic exchange of calcite and dolomite, and concluded 18O exchange may be controlled by
dolomite solubility. A δ18O correction factor for dolomite was not applied at Long Canyon.
In this thesis, carbonate mineralogy was described using detailed petrography with cold cathodo-
luminescence (CL) and in unpublished reports using SEM imaging, EPMA and Rietveld quantitative XRD
(Herron, 2017). Cathode-luminescence microscopy showed dolomite was a minor component and occurred
occasionally in veins. A SEM-EPMA (BSE and EDS) study of 20 samples from the Dwb and Srm Formations
showed dolomite was a minor component (0–15 %) compared to quartz and calcite (Herron, 2017). Rietveld
quantitative XRD of three samples displayed a dolomite content of 7–14 % (Herron, 2017). From these results
and geochemistry of Ca-Mg-Fe there is no clear evidence to suggest there is more dolomite compared to
calcite in the Srm and Dwb Formations that would strongly influence the δ18O composition. There is an effect
of mineralogy in the Ohc Fm. demonstrated by δ13C and δ18O between dolostones and dolomitic limestones,
and limestones. Dolostones and dolomitic limestones do not host mineralization and are not significant in
carbonate alteration at Cortez Hills therefore no correction based on mineralogy was applied.
136
4.3.8 Effects of Diagenesis on 13C – 18O Compositions
Diagenesis is a common occurrence in carbonate sediments after deposition and involves all or a
combination of the following processes: cementation, neomorphism, dissolution, compactions, and microbi-
al micritization. These processes may lead to changes in physical properties such as porosity, or in chemical
properties such as trace element and isotopic compositions (Tucker and Wright, 2009). Diagenesis may have
influenced the isotope composition of carbonate minerals owing to varying pressure, temperature and re-
lease of pore waters or the formation of cements in the bulk rock composition (Lohmann, 1988; Lønøy, 2006;
Lucia, 2007; Morse et al. 2007). Carbon-oxygen isotope data for diagenesis in marine carbonate sediments is
very sparse. Diagenetic carbonates formed during the burial of deep ocean carbonates display an increase
in δ18O depletion relative to V-SMOW (~22 to ~30 ‰), owing to an increase in temperature with depth. The
δ13C composition does not change significantly with depth (Lohmann, 1988; Swart, 2015). The δ13C composi-
tions of cements precipitated from seawater are similar to carbonates precipitated from seawater (Given and
Wilkinson, 1985). Formation of cements is assumed to be from large quantities of seawater during sedimen-
tation and diagenesis. Cement δ13C and δ18O compositions may be influenced by mineral compositions and
fractionation (Morse et al. 2007; Swart, 2015).
Background thresholds defined (section 4.2.4) for δ13C or δ18O are consistent with published glob-
al seawater data from the Ordovician to Devonian (Veizer et al. 1997; 1999). At Cortez Hills, no significant
shifts in δ13C or δ18O compositions were observed in visibly unaltered lithologies of Dwb and Srm Formations.
Diagenesis should not have a significant influence on interpretation of Cortez Hills results for defining a broad
km-scale footprint and m to 100’s of m scale fluid pathways.
4.4 Discussion
The discussion addresses the two objectives proposed at the beginning of the study, to (1) deter-
mine the size and intensity of the alteration haloes/ footprint around the deposit, and (2) characterize and
map fluid flow pathways, and assess the intensity of fluid: rock interactions as a vectoring tool. This includes
vectoring using the fluid-reaction front relationships relative to Carlin orezones and how using different
thresholds were important in identifying an alteration halo relative to a mineralization target. Integration
of fluid-reaction front relationships (Fig. 4.29) and thresholds (Fig. 4.30) with carbonate alteration scale in a
two and three dimensional space are presented in a carbonate alteration model in Fig. 4.31. Finally, recon-
struction of fluid flow pathways were synthesized in a schematic fluid transport model to display where fluids
137
travelled through the Cortez Hills system in a two and three dimensional space (Fig. 4.32).
4.4.1 Vectoring Using Fluid-Reaction Fronts
Box and whisker plots, cross-sections and down drill hole compilations were used to place different
reaction fronts in spatial relationships to the orezones. Geochemical and isotopic fluid-reaction fronts with
decreasing distance from orezones are: Au-Tl < 13C < Sb < Hg < As <18O. Gold is the least travelled along with
Tl within the orezones, As is the most far travelled pathfinder element, and 18O is the most far travelled distal
to the orezones. The importance and understanding of fluid- reaction fronts were outlined in section 4.1.
The relationship between sides and fronts, and their shape with Cortez Hills results are described in Fig.
4.28. Stacked patterns of isotopes and pathfinder elements down drill holes represent fluid-reaction sides.
Modelled alteration haloes in cross-sections and box-whisker plots represent fluid-reaction fronts. Fluid-re-
action sides are narrower relative to fronts in this dataset which is consistent with reaction transport theory
(Bickle and McKenzie, 1987; Blattner and Lassey, 1989) and applied contact aureole and skarn studies (Frim-
mel, 1992; Bowman et al. 1994; Yardley and Lloyd, 1995; Baumgartner and Valley, 2001). Fronts displayed
high flow zones which represent aquifers (Ponderosa fault zone) at depth on the 1–5 km scale using box and
SIDES (10- 100 m) FRONTS (1- 5 km)

- stacking - high flow zones
- permeability contrasts - aquifers
18
O
As
Hg
Width (z)
Au
Au Hg As 18
O
Large-scale feature
FOOTPRINT >5km
Drill hole Distance Travelled (z)

Figure 4.29. Fluid-reaction front and side model down a drill hole with distance travelled.
138
whisker plots and cross-sections. These aquifers have been imaged to the extent of exploration drilling to the
north and south, and west to east. The 18O front represents the most distal expression of the deposit. Using
cross-sections and drill hole compilations, the sides displayed stacking patterns indicating permeability con-
trasts over 100 m and on a finer-scale of 10’s m between lithologies owing to diffusion and dispersion (Chap-
ter 3). Examples of aquitards proximal to the aquifers are the dolomitic and quartz rich lithologies of the Ohc
or Oe formations underlying the Srm Fm. At Cortez Hills, fluid flow is laterally controlled by permeable and
reactive rocks of the Srm Fm. in combination with low-angle faults and the Cortez Hills Anticline. With this
geological knowledge, fluid-reaction fronts and sides can be distinguished from each other. However, with a
blind target limited geological knowledge of aquifers and aquitards, distinguishing fronts and sides may be
difficult.
The above conclusions for shape of fronts and sides at Cortez Hills are combined with defined thresh-
olds as a function of distance from an orezone in Fig. 4.29. The order of fluid-reaction fronts and sides are
also highlighted. Alteration haloes have been identified (Section 4.2.4) using background thresholds (δ18O-
20.8 ‰, As- 11 ppm, Hg- 0.11 ppm, Sb- 2.3 ppm, Tl- 0.35 ppm) whereas haloes surrounding mineralization
targets were identified using highly anomalous thresholds (δ18O- 18 ‰, As- 98 ppm, Hg- 1.2 ppm, Sb- 20
ppm, Tl- 1.2 ppm). Sides displayed sharper gradients and stacked patterns whereas fronts displayed broader
gradients with increasing distance from the orezone (Fig. 4.29). Reaction transport theory built the founda-
tion for integrating vectors in this study with definition of haloes around alteration and mineralization in a
two or three dimensional space.
4.4.2 Scale of Carbonate Alteration
The scale of carbonate alteration was defined using box and whisker plots, cross-section and down
drill hole compilations with carbon-oxygen isotope compositions and pathfinder element concentrations.
The relationship between geochemical and isotope fluid-reaction fronts are described in Fig. 4.29 and
applied with distance from orezones in Fig. 4.30 with Cortez Hills thresholds. For the purpose of discussion,
two scales of alteration were defined: alteration haloes and mineralization targets. Alteration haloes were
>1 km from the orezone whereas mineralization targets were <1 km from the orezone. Alteration haloes
surrounding Cortez Hills were defined using box and whisker plots. This scale was integrated with modelled
isotope and pathfinder element alteration haloes from cross-sections to provide a shape to alteration haloes
surrounding the mineralization target (orezones) of Cortez Hills (Fig. 4.31). Mineralization target shapes were
139
FRONTS
As 18
O
Hg
Sb
Tl
Concentration/
Composition
Orezone
As
18
O Hg
Sb
Tl
0 Highly Anom. Background 5
Distance from Orezone
(km)
Au Tl Sb Hg As 18
O Tl Sb Hg As 18
O
Mineralization Target Alteration Halo
SIDES
As 18
O
Hg
Sb
Concentration/
Tl
Composition
Orezone
As
18
O Hg
Sb
Tl
0 Highly Anom. Background 1
Distance from Orezone
(km)
Figure 4.30. Scale of background (lower) versus highly anomalous (upper) thresh-
olds.
140
Cortez North
Old Cortez System Fault
ad dle”
Th e “S
As
As
Mineralization
1.2 km 18
O 0.3 km Target
0.3 km BZ Alteration
18
O + As
MZ Halo
>2 km
LZ
0.4
km
Alluivum
Mineralization targets
1 km
Dwb
O + As
18
0.6 km
>2 km As 18
O
Au
Srm
Ohc Jmc
Fluid
Inlet Oe
As
2.2 km
O18
>3.5 km Cortez
Fault
Figure 4.31. Cortez Hills carbonate alteration model. Integration of fluid-reaction front model,
thresholds used and scale of alteration. Alteration haloes are defined by the background (lower)
threshold which is the “front” and the mineralization targets are defined by the highly anomalous
(upper) threshold.
141
better defined compared to alteration haloes owing to higher density drill hole spacing proximal to orezones.
Alteration haloes were more qualitative and subjective in the model. On the western fringe of Cortez Hills,
the pathfinder As alteration halo (front) was stacked on the 18O alteration halo (front) owing to drilling extent.
To the east, the 18O halo was outside the orezone and mineralization target halo. However, the alteration
halo was >0.3 km owing to the Cortez Fault cutting the deposit and no existing drill holes further to the east
through the Jurassic Mill Canyon Stock. To the north, no change occurred in 18O patterns but a distinct saddle
in pathfinder geochemistry occurred which separated the pathfinder alteration halo from Cortez Hills and
Old Cortez systems. To the south, pathfinder elements and 18O where imaged the best. The farthest travelled
pathfinder element was As produced a 2.2 km halo and the 18O alteration halo is >3.5 km.
This is the first Carlin alteration study to define more than one threshold to identify geochemical and
isotopic fluid-reaction fronts and integrate it with changes in scale. This integration provides an improved
approach to applications and would be beneficial in vectoring for Carlin gold systems. It is an improved
systematic and methodological approach to mapping alteration compared to early studies in Carlin gold
systems described at the beginning of this chapter (section 4.3.1). Alteration haloes are the most extensively
defined using this methodology and sample size (Ahmed, 2010; Lepore, 2013; Vaughan, 2013; Tucker, 2015).
It demonstrated Carlin systems are significantly large, multi-dimensional and more extensive than previously
documented. The limiting factor to this study was the extent of exploration drilling.
4.4.3 Reconstructing Fluid Flow and Identifying Major Structures
Fault and fold systems are critical in fluid transport in the shallow crust between fluid reservoirs
because they aid formation of hydrothermal ore deposits (Cox, 2005; Faulkner et al. 2010; Evans and Fischer,
2012). Fluids in Carlin systems can be structurally and/ or host-controlled as described earlier in the chap-
ter (section 4.3.1). There are several significant fluid pathways for Carlin fluids including fault zones, shear
zones, fracture zones, fold-hinges and favorable reactive and porous lithologies (Stenger et al. 1998; Cline
et al. 2005; Arehart and Donelick; 2006; Patterson, 2009; Muntean et al. 2010; Ahmed, 2010; Lepore, 2013;
Vaughan, 2013; Hickey et al. 2014).
A schematic model of fluid flow was created (Fig. 4.32) using known geology modelled surfaces and
faults integrated with new carbon-oxygen isotope compositions and existing pathfinder element geochemis-
try. Spatial distribution of pathfinder elements and δ18O depletion indicated Carlin gold fluids migrated from
a potential fluid inlet in the southern extent of Lower Zone through a series of paleopermeability pathways.
142
Location of Model
Old North in Cortez District
Cortez
System Old Cortez
5 5
4 MZ BZ
LZ
3
2
1
Saddle between
Cortez Hills and
Old Cortez 4
System
Plan View
Breccia
Zone
Lower
Zone 3
TIME
Middle
Zone
Bleeding
Lower
Zone
2
5
4
3 KEY
2
2 km 1
Carlin Gold Fluids
Cortez Anticline
1 Escape Fluids
2 km
Fluid
Inlet
2 km
Cross-section View
Figure 4.32. Fluid flow and migration model for Cortez Hills. Location of model is outlined on
map and the stratigraphic sequence is displayed at approximate thicknesses and height within
the model. Fluid source is the inlet along an unknown feeder fault and travels north towards
the extent of Lower Zone. The fluid encounters a side and travels to the west and east. To the
east it travels and escapes upwards due to buoyancy to the surface and forms the Breccia Zone.
143
Another potential minor fluid inlet is located in Lower Lower Zone, 260 m along strike from the latter ma-
jor fluid inlet. Fluids migrated south of Lower Zone along a deep low-angle structure as imaged by stacked
pathfinder element and isotope fronts in distal drill holes. This structure is no longer connected to the
hydrothermal system owing to late extensional faulting (Rosemary and Tumeric faults) cutting the southern
extent of Lower Zone. Fluids migrated upwards and laterally along the Ponderosa fault zone and hinge of the
SE plunging Cortez Anticline to form Lower Zone. Bleeding of fluids occurred in this area potentially through
a developed fracture network above the anticline hinge. To the north, fluids were transported along the Pon-
derosa fault zone where they dominantly travelled to the east to form the Middle Zone but some escaped
to the west. Fluids were probably buoyant and continued upwards escaping up a series of pre-existing fault
structures such as the Pondex and Voodoo thrust faults in combination with permeable lithologies. Lateral
escape of fluids occurred beneath the Breccia Zone further to the east. Carlin fluids were potentially trans-
ported northwards where they reached the extent of alteration at the (Old) Cortez hydrothermal system. This
is best shown in the NW-SE cross section and box-whisker plot.
At the beginning of the chapter, previous CTD carbonate alteration studies were synthesized for
feeder structures and plumbing system description. At Cortez Hills, the fluid inlet or dominant feeder struc-
ture was a small-scale moderate to high-angle structure located at the southern extent of Lower Zone with
minor contribution from a structure in Lower Lower Zone. Fluid flow was dominantly focused along a low-an-
gle Ponderosa fault zone and the Cortez Anticline where it migrated laterally and exploited small-scale struc-
tures and lithologies. Dominant lithologies for fluid pathways were permeable and reactive silty-limestones
and breccias of the Silurian Roberts Mountain Formation. Other interpreted fluid pathways for Carlin- fluids
were: pre-existing low-angle structures, natural bedding planes of carbonate rocks and early compressional
veins, fractures and stylolites (Chapter 3). Cross-section modelling and drill hole compilations demonstrated
late fluids exploited high-angle fault structures. The other CTD carbonate alteration studies described at the
beginning had plumbing systems that were dominantly fracture-controlled (Turquoise Ridge, Twin Creeks,
Jerritt Canyon). Pipeline located in the Cortez District, 11 km NW of Cortez Hills was the only CTD with dom-
inant lateral fluid flow focused along the low-angle Abyss fault. The Goldrush deposit, located in the Cortez
District ~5 km to the east of Cortez Hills contains gently dipping stratabound orezones with a strike length of
~7 km hosted in the Devonian Wenban Fm 4–5 subunits (Creel and Bradley, 2013; Bradley and Eck, 2015).
Goldrush does not have a carbonate alteration study however the strike length, lateral characteristics and
host rocks indicate fluid flow was dominantly lateral rather than fracture-controlled. The previous compari-
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sons highlight how Carlin plumbing systems vary between trends and clusters in Nevada.
Core-logging and modelling of pathfinder geochemistry and isotope data in this thesis identified
extensive fluid pathways. Cortez Hills is linked to the Cortez system to the north via a laterally extensive,
low-angle structure and a significant fluid pathway at depth in proximal (CHPZ–293, CH08–001) and distal
drill holes (CH05–005, CH05–114) to the south. The fluid flow pathway may be a potential aquifer linking the
Goldrush system to the southeast. The fault architecture model (Storti, et al. 2003; Billi et al. 2003; Michie et
al. 2014) provides an explanation for the degree of isotope depletion observed on intersections with logged
and modelled faults. At Cortez Hills, the δ18O haloes may have imaged the extent of fault damage zones and
fracture-networks. Fault intersections produced δ18O compositions < 14 ‰ and they become less depleted
with compositions <18 ‰.
Fluid flow in the LZ, LLZ and MZ was reactive and highly permeable but less dispersive and more fo-
cused compared to the BZ. These orezones display strong paleopermeability contrasts that indicate channel-
ized flow where faults were clearly defined. Fluids subsequently migrated up towards the BZ via the Voodoo
thrust fault and a series of other faults followed by dispersion through brecciated and fractured rock. Fluid
flow in the BZ was reactive and highly permeable with extensive isotope and pathfinder element (Au, As, Hg,
Sb, Tl) alteration over a vertical distance of 350 m indicating pervasive fluid flow.
4.4.4 Fluid Isotope Signatures
History of fluids at Cortez Hills was complex with several events contributing to a source and flux of
fluids (Chapter 3). These include: (1) intrusion of the Jurassic Mill Canyon Stock and Cretaceous monzonites
in conjunction with contact metamorphism; (2) deformation during Antler and Sevier Orogenies; (3) intru-
sive-related fluids; (4) Carlin fluids; and (5) Basin and Range extension with late fluid infiltration.
Cortez Hills orezones are characterized by strongly depleted δ18O compositions <14 ‰ as low as 4
‰. These compositions are described as highly anomalous isotopically and are related to economic gold
grades (>6.4 ppm or 0.2 oz/t), anomalous and highly anomalous concentrations of As, Hg, Sb and Tl. A Carlin
fluid isotope signature is difficult to identify from pulped rock data owing to multiple fluid events, large pulp
intervals (3 m) and mixing of vein generations. In this thesis (section 3.4.2.1), veins associated with Carlin
fluids at Cortez Hills displayed a meteoric signature with the majority of 18O compositions from 3 to 6 ‰ (Fig.
3.28). Research studies (Goldstrike, Long Canyon, and Pipeline) described at the beginning of this chapter and
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in the results demonstrated Carlin fluids are associated with δ18O depletion and a partial meteoric signature,
for example -1.6 to 6.3 ‰ for Long Canyon (Lepore, 2013). Other research studies into Carlin fluids indicated
a meteoric δ18O isotopic signature (Hofstra and Cline, 2000; Cline and Hofstra, 2000; Cline et al. 2000; Emsbo
et al. 2003; Lubben et al. 2012) with a potential magmatic component from δ34S isotopes (Kesler et al. 2005).
Origin and genesis of Carlin fluids are debated to the present day with a magmatic-meteoric mixing model
the most probable (Cline et al. 2005; Muntean et al. 2011).
Contact metamorphism by the proximal Jurassic Mill Canyon Stock or Cretaceous quartz monzon-
ite intrusions produced a 2 ‰ in δ18O and 2 ‰ shift in δ13C compositions relative to the mean. The mean
δ13C-δ18O composition ranges for hornfels, marbles and calc-silicates in pulped rock samples are 14 to 17 ‰
and -2 to -1 ‰. The most mineralized and altered lithologies (δ13C δ18O, Au, As, Hg, Sb, Tl) are contact meta-
morphosed lithologies e.g. calc-silicates and marbles. These lithologies are altered by Carlin fluids and later
meteoric waters demonstrated by increased δ18O depletion.
4.5 Conclusions
Carbon and oxygen isotope compositions and pathfinder elements (As, Au, Hg, Sb, and Tl) in carbon-
ate rocks as a vectoring tool were utilized in this study to determine the hydrothermal fluid flow pathways
and haloes surrounding alteration and mineralization at the Cortez Hills deposit.
Quality assurance and quality control (QA-QC) methods are a common protocol in the collection and
analysis of data in academia and industry. Standard QA-QC methods were applied during sampling, sample
preparation and sample analysis in addition to specific queries to accurately describe carbonate alteration
using isotopic and geochemical datasets. Pulp heterogeneity test demonstrated samples were homogeneous
and splitting each individual pulp bag was not necessary. Results were summarized in section 4.2.2. and re-
ported in full with methodology and workflow in Appendix E. Calibration of aqua regia to four-acid digestion
data was important for using the pathfinder elements for vectoring, defining mineralization targets and alter-
ation footprint. Four-acid digestion should be chosen for multi-element geochemistry for mineral exploration
in Carlin environments to improve the accuracy of alteration studies. Results were summarized in section
4.2.2. and reported in full with methodology and workflow in Appendix F. Defining pathfinder elements and
carbon-oxygen isotope thresholds of the local stratigraphic sequence was integral to define the carbonate
alteration footprint extent and for vectoring on a km-scale and sub-km scale for fluid flow pathways and min-
eralization targets. Accurate definition of thresholds enables interpretation of reaction fronts and distance
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travelled of carbon-oxygen isotopes relative to the CTD pathfinder elements. Results were summarized in
section 4.2.2. and reported in full with methodology and workflow in Appendix G.
Effects of Contact Metamorphism is an important consideration in carbon-isotope studies of carbon-
ate rocks and defining alteration in Carlin gold systems. In the Cortez District, contact metamorphism by the
proximal Jurassic Mill Canyon Stock or Cretaceous quartz monzonite intrusions produced a 2 ‰ in δ18O and 2
‰ shift in δ13C compositions. In terms of distance, an increasing δ13C depletion trend with increasing distance
towards the Jurassic Mill Canyon Stock occurs from 3.5–0.75 km. The relationship of δ18O compositions with
relative distance to the stock is unclear due to proximity of drill holes to Carlin mineralization at depth. Ef-
fects of contact metamorphism were insignificant to define the distal expression of the Cortez Hills system to
the south as it is outside the metamorphic aureole. Within the deposit, the oxygen halo for the mineraliza-
tion target was outwith of the pathfinder element haloes suggesting contact metamorphism did not impact
it.
Vectoring with fluid-reaction front were determined using box and whisker plots, cross-section and
down drill hole compilations with decreasing distance: Au-Tl < 13C < Sb < Hg < As <18O. Fronts displayed high
flow zones which represent aquifers (Ponderosa fault zone) at depth on the 1–5 km scale using box and
whisker plots and cross-sections. These aquifers have been imaged to the extent of exploration drilling to the
north and south, and west to east. The 18O front represents the most distal expression of the deposit. Using
cross-sections and drill hole compilations, the sides displayed stacking patterns indicating permeability con-
trasts over the 0.1–1 km scale and on a finer-scale of 10’s m between lithologies due to diffusion and disper-
sion (Chapter 3). Alteration haloes were identified using background thresholds (δ18O- 20.8 ‰, As- 11 ppm,
Hg- 0.11 ppm, Sb- 2.3 ppm, Tl- 0.35 ppm) whereas haloes surrounding mineralization targets were identified
using highly anomalous thresholds (δ18O- 18 ‰, As- 98 ppm, Hg- 1.2 ppm, Sb- 20 ppm, Tl- 1.2 ppm). Sides
displayed sharper gradients and stacked patterns whereas fronts displayed broader gradients with increasing
distance from the orezone (Fig. 4.30). Reaction transport theory built the foundation for integrating vectors
in this study with definition of haloes around alteration and mineralization in a two or three dimensional
space.
Scale of carbonate alteration was defined using background, anomalous and highly anomalous
thresholds for Cortez Hills. These thresholds were vital to accurately describe carbonate alteration geochem-
ically and isotopically to create a carbonate alteration model (Fig. 4.31). Background (lower) thresholds were
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used to define the greatest mappable expression (footprint) of the deposit and pathfinder alteration haloes.
Highly anomalous (upper) thresholds were used to define the mineralization targets of Cortez Hills. Box and
whisker plots with distance were an effective and less biased approach to describe the footprint compared
to using cross-sections in this thesis and others (Ahmed, 2010; Lepore, 2013; Vaughan, 2013) because it
reduced geological information and fluid flow pathways. An additional and alternative approach would be to
use grade-thickness style maps with oxygen isotopes and pathfinder elements. Pathfinder elements are an
excellent vectoring tool that can be utilized in conjunction with carbon-oxygen isotopes when moving closer
to the deposit from different directions.
Reconstruction of fluid flow pathways was defined using the highly anomalous (upper) threshold
for oxygen isotope compositions and pathfinder elements. A schematic model of fluid flow was created (Fig.
4.32) using known geology modelled surfaces and faults integrated with new carbon-oxygen isotope compo-
sitions and existing pathfinder element geochemistry. Fluid flow was focused via faults and permeable lith-
ologies. Silurian Roberts Mountain Fm was the most isotopically altered formation. Silty limestones, contact
metamorphosed rocks and breccias were permeable and reactive host lithologies, consistent with Goldstrike
and Long Canyon CTD isotope alteration studies. Dolostone was the most isotopically unaltered lithology and
comparable to other studies. Fluid flow in MZ and LZ was dominantly channelized and in the BZ it was domi-
nantly pervasive. High-angle faults displayed 18O haloes (<18 ‰) <110 m in width. Low-angle faults displayed
O haloes (<18 ‰) 250 m in width. Fluid flow at Cortez Hills was dominantly controlled by lateral movement
18
along the low-angle Ponderosa fault zone, low-angle aquifers to the north and south and the Cortez Anti-
cline. Lateral movement was aided by permeable host rocks described above and fractures/veins (Chapter 3).
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Chapter 5: Summary, Exploration Implications, Future Research
5.1 Summary
The thesis aimed to utilize different approaches and methods to understand Carlin fluids and car-
bonate alteration on a km-, m- and mm-scale. In Carlin systems, calcite veins are a known pathway for fluids
however veins that transport Carlin fluids are not easily distinguished owing to the lack of mineral diversity
(Arehart and Donelick, 2006; Muntean et al. 2010; Vaughan et al. 2016; Blamey et al. 2017). This thesis used
calcite vein physical and chemical characteristics to determine how, when and the type of fluids transport-
ed on a mm- to m scale to form the Cortez Hills plumbing system. These vein characteristics are a potential
targeting tool for other Carlin systems. Large carbon-oxygen isotope datasets can be integrated with exist-
ing geology and geochemistry to describe the extent and transport of fluid flow of Carlin system footprints
and fluid pathways (Patterson, 2009; Ahmed, 2010; Lepore, 2013; Vaughan, 2013; Tucker, 2015). This thesis
defined carbonate alteration and vectoring patterns on different scales in four directions to provide a 3D per-
spective on a Carlin system. This approach could be utilized as a mapping and targeting tool for other Carlin
systems.
The thesis integrated 2066 isotope analyses and 336 additional isotope analyses (Perrin, 2012) from
mm- to m-scale in core (n=153), RC-chips (n=110), pulped rock (n=1589) and surface hand (n=156) samples
with geology and geochemistry. Prior to this bulk analysis, a pulp heterogeneity test (n=58) was carried out.
The ability to apply large-scale isotope (~2500 samples) and geochemistry datasets is aided by the develop-
ment of off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS). This new instrument provides efficient,
low-cost, realistic and real-time data similar to standard commercial geochemistry for mineral exploration
companies. The thesis approached understanding Carlin-type fluids and alteration in a methodological
manner addressing quality assurance - quality control (QA-QC) problems with methods and large datasets to
ensure the interpretation of accurate and reliable data. The three main objectives presented at the beginning
of the thesis are addressed.
5.2 Exploration and Scientific Implications
5.2.1 Using Calcite Veins to Explore for Carlin Gold Systems
Describing the plumbing system of Cortez Hills using calcite veins was the third thesis objective to
characterize and map fluid flow pathways, and assess the intensity of fluid: rock interactions as a vectoring
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tool. Timing of calcite veins were based on cross-cutting relationships relative to alteration and mineraliza-
tion events (Fig. 3.3). Three main vein stages were identified which included ten vein types and two stylolite
events (Fig. 3.4; Table 1). Crosscutting relationships were supported by vein stage and type physical charac-
teristics to improve identification when cross-cutting relationships were absent. Each vein stage (V1, V2 and
V3) subsequently displayed distinct chemical and isotopic characteristics. V2 and V2s veins that transported
Carlin fluids could be a local fluid pathway in zones of high fluid flux contributing to the Carlin hydrothermal
plumbing system.
V2 veins exploited and overprinted V1 veins and were cross-cut by V3 veins. V2 veins were defined
physically and chemically using a variety of methods. V2 veins were oriented horizontal to sub-horizontal,
texturally are banded to crustiform veins with blocky to blocky-elongate crystals. They may contain late
Carlin-ore stage minerals. They displayed red UV fluorescence and bright red CL luminescence. In terms of
chemical compositions they displayed anomalous As, Pb and Mn element concentrations along with δ18O
depletion 7 to 16 ‰ for V2s veins and -1 to 16 ‰ for V2 veins. Depletion in δ18O of 7 to 16 ‰ for V2s veins
and -1 to 16 ‰ for V2 veins. This is the first study to physically and chemically identify calcite veins that
transported Carlin fluids. This study demonstrated calcite veins could be used as a potential targeting tool
for exploration in Carlin gold systems.
5.2.2 Defining the Carbonate Alteration Footprint and Vectoring Potential for Carlin Gold
Systems
Chapter four was part of the first thesis objective to determine the size and intensity of the alteration
haloes/ footprint around the deposit. Size and intensity of the alteration haloes across the deposit were iden-
tified using two methods; (1) box and whisker plots along two major cross sections, and (2) cross-sections
with modelled alteration haloes with geology.
Reaction fronts were initially described using a threshold definition study and subsequently used for
the footprint and fluid flow pathways. The order of reaction fronts provides a relationship between Carlin
pathfinder elements and carbon-oxygen isotopes. From these three studies, the order of reaction fronts with
decreasing distance were: Au - Tl <13C < Sb < Hg < As < 18O (Fig. 4.29, 4.30). This relationship could be utilized
as a vectoring tool in an unknown area exploring for a Carlin target. Definition of background, anomalous and
highly altered thresholds for Cortez Hills were vital to accurately describe carbonate alteration geochemically
and isotopically to create a carbonate alteration model (Fig. 4.31). Background (lower) thresholds were used
150
to define the greatest mappable expression (footprint) of the deposit and pathfinder alteration haloes. High-
ly altered (upper) thresholds were used to define the alteration haloes surrounding the mineralization targets
of Cortez Hills.
The Cortez Hills system is extensive and connected to the Cortez system to the north, and potentially
to Goldrush to the south-east. The carbonate alteration footprint is distal to the deposit, outside the extent
of exploration drilling at >3.5 km. Pathfinder element haloes around the deposit are <2 km. The 18O halo of
the Cortez Hills Deposit is >3.5 km to the SE and >2 km north to Cortez Pits. The 18O halo is <0.3 km east of
the Breccia Zone and >2 km to the west of Lower Zone. Arsenic was the furthest travelled pathfinder element
and transported 2.2 km to the south, 2 km to the west, and 1 km to the north. To the south, the distance
travelled between arsenic and 18O was best defined. Arsenic travelled 2 km to the south and 18O travelled
>3.5 km. Moving proximal to the deposit (<1.5 km), the highly altered (upper) threshold can be used for
targeting mineralization. Alteration surrounding mineralization targets was better defined due to the higher
density of drilling proximal to orezones and use of pathfinder element geochemistry in modelling alteration
haloes. The mineralization target of Cortez Hills was 1 km in width and 0.6 km in height. The pathfinder alter-
ation halo was 2 km compared to the pathfinder mineralization target of 0.8 km.
Pathfinder elements were an excellent vectoring tool that were utilized in conjunction with car-
bon-oxygen isotopes when moving closer to mineralization from all directions. This is the first Carlin alter-
ation study to define more than one threshold to identify geochemical and isotopic fluid-reaction fronts and
integrate it with changes in scale. This integration provides an improved approach to exploration applications
and would be beneficial in vectoring for Carlin gold systems. It is an improved systematic and methodological
approach to mapping carbonate alteration compared to early studies in Carlin gold systems described at the
beginning of this chapter (section 4.3.1). This is the largest Carlin footprint identified using this methodology
and sample size (Ahmed, 2010; Lepore, 2013; Vaughan, 2013; Tucker, 2015). It is the first study to define the
km-scale carbonate alteration in four directions to provide a 3D perspective on a Carlin system. It demon-
strates Carlin systems are significantly large and extensive.
5.2.3 Definition and Reconstruction of Fluid Flow Pathways
Chapter four incorporated the first and second thesis objectives to characterize and map fluid flow
pathways, and assess the intensity of fluid: rock interactions as a vectoring tool. Fluid flow pathways were
mapped successfully using two methods: (1) down drill hole compilations of geology, geochemistry, and
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isotope, and (2) geochemical modelling integrated with geology along five cross-sections. Carbon-oxygen
isotopes and pathfinder elements in collaboration with the geological model and drill hole logging database
confirmed the existence of fault and fold structures.
Carlin gold systems can be both structural and host-controlled (section 4.3.1). At Cortez Hills, it is an
interplay of both styles of fluid transport. Fluid flow is focused via faults and permeable lithologies. Dom-
inant lithologies for fluid flow pathways were permeable and reactive silty-limestones (mean δ18O: 15 ‰)
and breccias (mean δ18O: 15 ‰) of the Silurian Roberts Mountain Formation, and contact metamorphosed
rocks (marble mean δ18O: 14 ‰; calc-silicate mean δ18O: 16 ‰). High-angle faults displayed 18O haloes (<18
‰) <110 m in width. Low-angle faults displayed 18O haloes (<18 ‰) 250 m in width. Bleeding of fluids also
occurred above the Cortez Anticline and Lower Zone due to a developed fracture network. Fluid flow in MZ
and LZ is dominantly channelized and in the BZ it is dominantly pervasive.
A fluid transport model (Fig. 4.32) was produced using known geology modelled surfaces and faults
integrated with new carbon-oxygen isotope compositions and existing pathfinder element geochemistry.
Fluids migrated from a major fluid inlet along the Pondex thrust fault and a minor inlet in Lower Lower Zone
along the Keg fault. Fluids migrated to the north from the Lower Zone inlet along a series of paleopermeabil-
ity paths including the Ponderosa fault zone and the Cortez Anticline hinge. Fluids subsequently migrated to
the east to form the Middle Zone but some fluids escaped to the west of the Cortez Anticline. Fluids were
buoyant and continued upwards escaping up a series of pre-existing fault structures such as the Voodoo Fault
or permeable lithological pathways. Lateral escape of fluids occurred beneath the Breccia Zone further to
the east. Fluids were transported northwards where they reached the extent of alteration of the Cortez Hills
plumbing system with pathfinder alteration haloes that separate it from the Old Cortez plumbing system.
Cortez Hills is linked to the Cortez system to the north via a laterally extensive, low-angle structure and to the
south by a significant fluid pathway at depth. This fluid flow pathway may be a potential link to the Goldrush
system to the southeast.
5.2.4 Fluid Isotope Composition and Signatures
History of fluids at Cortez Hills was complex with several events contributing to a source and flux of
fluids through the plumbing system. These include: (1) intrusion of the Jurassic Mill Canyon Stock and Cre-
taceous monzonites in conjunction with contact metamorphism; (2) deformation during Antler and Sevier
Orogenies; (3) unknown intrusive-related fluids; (4) Carlin fluids; and (5) Basin and Range extension with late
152
infiltration of meteoric waters. Calcite veins (V2 stage) directly sampled fluids that formed the Cortez Hills
plumbing system. Pulped rock and RC-chip samples were not deemed an accurate representation of fluids
because intensity of fluid-rock interaction varies over a 3 m sampling interval. Pulped rock and RC-chips were
deemed accurate to describe contact metamorphism signatures.
Contact metamorphism in core samples have a δ13C-δ18O composition range of -4 to -2 ‰ (V-PDB)
and 8 to 17 ‰ (V-SMOW). In pulped rock samples, hornfels, marbles and calc-silicates have a mean δ13C-δ18O
composition range of -2 to -1 ‰ (V-PDB) and 14 to 17 ‰ (V-SMOW). Approximately 90% of data fall in the
published δ13C–δ18O calc-silicate and marble trends (Baumgartner and Valley, 2001) and the Rayleigh volatil-
ization curve for hornfelsed lithologies (Valley, 1986). The most mineralized and altered lithologies (δ13C δ18O,
Au, As, Hg, Sb, Tl) are contact metamorphosed lithologies. Contact metamorphism by the proximal Jurassic
Mill Canyon Stock or Cretaceous quartz monzonite intrusions produced a 5 ‰ in δ18O and 2 ‰ shift in δ13C
compositions. In terms of distance, an increasing δ13C depletion trend occurred with increasing distance
towards the Jurassic Mill Canyon Stock from 3.5–0.75 km. Contact metamorphism is a common occurrence
in CTDs due to the proximity of Jurassic-Cretaceous plutons (Barton, 1996; Humpreys et al. 2003) and has
clearly influenced the 13C-18O compositions of carbonate rocks at Cortez Hills.
Calcite veins indicated Carlin fluids at Cortez Hills have a meteoric δ18O isotopic signature with
compositions clustering at 3 to 6 ‰ for δ18O (V-SMOW) and 1 to -4 ‰ for δ13C (V-PDB). Calcite veins did not
sample a magmatic fluid. Geochemistry of these fluids obtained using a portable XRF instrument showed
these veins were also enriched in Carlin pathfinder elements (As, Hg, Sb, Tl and Mn). In the previous para-
graph, 13C-18O compositions of carbonate rocks at Cortez Hills were concluded to be influenced by contact
metamorphism however their isotopic signature is distinct from the Carlin event. Rocks within orezones are
displayed δ18O compositions < 14 ‰ and occasionally down to 0 ‰. Carlin studies (Goldstrike, Long Can-
yon, and Pipeline) described in this thesis in Chapter 4.3.1 associated δ18O depletion with Carlin fluids and
a partial meteoric signature. For example, Long Canyon δ18O composition range was -1.6 to 6.3 ‰ (Lepore,
2013). Other research studies into Carlin fluids indicated a meteoric δ18O isotopic signature (Hofstra and
Cline, 2000; Cline and Hofstra, 2000; Cline et al. 2000; Emsbo et al. 2003; Lubben et al. 2012) and a potential
magmatic component from δ34S isotopes (Kesler et al. 2005). For example, one study produced a calculated
δ18O isotope composition of ~0 to 5 ‰ for Carlin fluids (Cline et al. 2005). Origin of Carlin fluids are debated
to the present day with a magmatic-meteoric mixing model the most probable (Cline et al. 2005; Muntean et
al. 2011). At Cortez Hills, the δ18O isotopic signature is dominantly meteoric in origin.
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Calcite veins associated with Basin and Range extension displayed a range of δ18O compositions
(-1 to 30 ‰) with two 18O populations; <7 ‰ (deposit) and >20 ‰ (surface). Those within the deposit are
fluid-buffered compared to those on surface that are dominantly rock-buffered. Meteoric waters are δ18O
depleted with a composition range of -42 to 8‰ (V-SMOW) (Allegre, 2008; Hoefs, 2009). V3 veins displayed a
meteoric isotope signature. Surface veins that were laminated and brecciated occurred proximal to faults and
were the exception to this pattern as they were fluid-buffered displaying δ18O compositions from -1 to 16 ‰.
5.3 Sampling Protocols and Guidelines to Utilize 13C—18O Isotopes and Geochemistry to
Exploration for Carlin Gold Systems
This thesis has demonstrated the use of carbonate alteration on the mm- to km- scale to understand
fluid flow for academic and exploration purposes. Different scales and approaches in this thesis demonstrat-
ed how geology, geochemistry and stable isotopes can be utilized and integrated. Sampling protocols, meth-
odologies and QA-QC of large datasets investigating footprints and vectoring tools have to be meticulous to
optimize data accuracy and quality. These were established prior to the primary bulk data collection and
were part of the third thesis objective to establish optimal sampling protocols and strategies to effectively
utilize stable isotopes in exploration.
Aqua regia versus four-acid study improved the accuracy of aqua regia geochemistry for the drill
hole database which was utilized for pathfinder elements in Chapter 3 and 4. Study results were used in vein
classification (Chapter 3) to calibrate portable XRF data. This improved data accuracy to compare vein stages
and changes in chemical compositions. Pulp heterogeneity study determined pulps were homogeneous and
~1800 data points were reliable and accurate to define the carbonate alteration footprint and map fluid flow
pathways. Geological variability in the pulped rock samples is greater than the analytical uncertainty. Defin-
ing the deposit background study: background, anomalous and highly altered thresholds were defined for
13
C, 18O, As, Hg, Sb, Tl. This was essential in establishing the reaction fronts of carbon-oxygen isotopes and
pathfinder elements to identify alteration extent and potential mineralization targets. It improved vectoring
towards alteration and structures down drill holes, on surface and along cross-sections. The following recom-
mendations should be considered when utilizing stable carbon-oxygen isotopes and geochemistry in explora-
tion of CTDs:
1. Choose drill holes at the greatest extent of drilling and target the complete host rock
stratigraphy from surface and through the orezones at depth. A pilot study for greenfield
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and brownfield projects is recommended on at least two drill holes. A drill hole with
known mineralization and a distal drill hole would be ideal. This would to test if stable
isotopes and geochemistry would be an effective tool in mapping a footprint and fluid
flow pathways.
2. Determine sample scale for RC-chips, pulped rock and core based on existing geochemis-
try alteration haloes. Estimate the size of known fluid flow pathways and where intersec-
tion of breccia bodies or fault structures may occur.
3. Define regional and deposit background for stable isotopes and pathfinder elements to
understand stratigraphic and lithologic controls. Results will determine if calibration is
required. Define background thresholds to identify the distal deposit footprint and highly
altered thresholds to identify proximal haloes of mineralization targets.
4. Assess heterogeneity of sample scales to determine effects of vein contamination, al-
tered wall rock and mixed lithologies
5. Understand local vein and alteration paragenesis to describe the plumbing system and
aid interpretation of isotopic compositions. This would help to interpret large-scale fluid
flow pathways.
5.4 Future Research
Calcite Veins and Carlin Gold Plumbing Systems
Four aspects that require further study of calcite veins in Carlin gold systems are: 1) detailed structur-
al analysis; 2) chemical heterogeneity of veins, (3) reaction transport modelling of vein-wall rock interactions
and 4) portable XRF and core-scanner in exploration.
1. A detailed structural analysis of fracture/vein formation in Carlin systems. This would test
their influence on fluid flow pathways and a fault zone architecture model. This could be
addressed by collecting new oriented core samples, logging and mapping of background
fractures/veins within the deposit and around the fringes. Detailed sampling and struc-
tural mapping in underground, open pit and surface areas should be conducted to inves-
tigate changes relative to folding and faulting. For further analysis, vein length and width
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(aspect ratios), orientations, and vein/fracture density across structural features could be
integrated with petrography, geochemistry and stable isotopes.
2. A fine-scale study on isotopic and trace element heterogeneity across veins could ad-
dress how the fluids changed during precipitation and how V2, V2s and V2 + V3 veins
were altered during later fluid events. This would yield insight into Carlin fluids that
formed or altered veins (Barker, 2007; Vaughan, 2013).
3. Sample collection of calcite veins across Carlin systems could utilize reactive transport
modelling to test fluid fluxes and fluid inlet proximity (Beinlich et al. 2017).
4. Application of pXRF and core-scanning technologies could be used to identify vein stages
in a dynamic and rapid exploration setting because core-logging of calcite veins is timing
consuming. For example, these technologies could apply mineralogy integrated with As,
Sb, Mn vein and wall rock compositions to identify fluid pathways.
Carbonate Alteration Footprint and Fluid Pathways
Three aspects that require further study of carbonate alteration on a m-to km-scale in Carlin gold
systems are: 1) background drill hole, 2) variation in 13C compositions, and 3) sampling of core.
1. A true background drill hole distal (>5 km) to any hydrothermal system through the local
stratigraphic sequence has not been sampled in an existing study. Sampling has been
carried out regionally, within the deposit alteration footprint and around the fringes of
the 18O halo however the isotopic control on stratigraphy within the rocks that host CTDs
remains to be tested. Stratigraphic controls on δ13C and δ18O compositions have been
tested on the Ordovician Hansen Creek however it is not a major host for mineralization
(Ripperdan, 2001).
2. Carbon isotope compositions are still poorly understood in Carlin systems (Ahmed, 2010;
Vaughan, 2013; Lepore, 2013; Tucker, 2015). A total organic carbon (TOC) and loss of
ignition (LOI) study would be a reliable test to determine the influence of organic carbon
on δ13C compositions. Loss of ignition analysis is a common method carried out with
routine ICP geochemistry in mineral exploration and would be an additional data source
156
to the application of stable isotopes to mineral exploration in carbonate rocks.
3. Sampling of a drill hole composed of core in collaboration with pulp sampling would
improve the resolution of alteration and fluid flow pathways on a finer scale, proximal to
major fluid flow pathways and orezones. It would also provide a strong cross-examina-
tion of calcite veins and Carlin plumbing systems to test the importance of microstruc-
tures versus permeable lithologies as fluid pathways.
157
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Zoback, M.L., McKee, E.H., Blakely, R.J., and Thompson, G.A. (1994). The Northern Nevada Rift: Regional
Tectono-Magmatic Relations and Middle Miocene Stress Direction. Geological Society of America,
Bulletin. V.106. No.3. p. 371–382.
177
Appendices
Appendix A: Sample Database
A1: Core Samples
A2: Surface Samples
Appendix B: Petrography and Luminescence
B1: Surface Sections
B2: Core Sections
B3: Cold Cathodoluminescence
B4: Ultra-violet Fluorescence
B5: Vein Rose Diagram
Appendix C: Portable X-ray Fluorescence Geochemistry
C1: Wall rock and Vein Results
Appendix D: 13C and 18O Isotope Results
D1. Surface Hand Samples (micro-drilled)
D2. Core Samples (micro-drilled)
D3. Pulped Rock Samples
D4. Reverse Circulation Chip Samples
D5. Geology, Geochemistry and Isotope Drill hole Compilations
Appendix E. Investigating Sampling Error; Heterogeneity of Pulped Rock Samples
E1. Report
E2.13C and 18O Isotope Results
Appendix F. Aqua Regia Versus Four Acid-Digestion Study
F1. Report
F2. Geochemistry Results
Appendix G. Defining Isotope and Pathfinder Element Thresholds
G1. Report
G2. Geochemistry (Pathfinder Element) Results
178
Appendix A. Sample Database
Appendix A1. Core Sample Database
Table A1. Core samples from within the Cortez Hills deposit.
Petrography δ13C-δ18O
Sample Footage UV XRF CL-
Drill hole Orezone (no. of (no.of XRD SEM EPMA
ID (m) Fluorescence (no.of spots) Petrography
samples) samples)
CHUD-699A 110 Middle 3 3

CHUD-699A 114 Middle
CHUD-870 26 Middle 3
CHUD-924 0 Middle 2
CHUD-924 12 Middle
CHUD-937 2 Lower 3 3
CHUE-017 1 5 Middle
CHUE-017 2 21 Middle 2 2
CHUE-017 7 113 Middle
CHUE-017 9 183 Middle 2
179
Table A1. continued. Core samples from within the Cortez Hills deposit.
samples) samples)

CHUE-017 21 271 Middle 2
CHUE-046 122 Middle
CHUE-361 1 1 Lower 4 4
CHUE-361 2 14 Lower 2 2
CHUE-361 3 22 Lower
CHUE-361 4 16 Lower
CHUE-361 5 16 Lower
CHUE-361 6 28 Lower 2 3
CHUE-361 7 43 Lower
CHUE-361 8 73 Lower
CHUE-361 9 60 Lower
CHUE-361 10 152 Lower
CHUE-361 19 289 Lower 2
180
samples) samples)
CHUE-361 21 317 Lower 2 3

CHUE-361 23 341 Lower 2 2
CHUE-361 25 367 Lower 2 2
CHUE-361 31 457 Lower 2
CHUE-361 32 471 Lower 2 2
CHUE-361 33 0 Lower 2 1
CHUE-361 34 500 Lower 3 2
CHUE-361 39 587 Lower 2 4
CHUE-361 40 594 Lower 2
CHUE-401 9 Lower 2 2
DC-063 1 110 Breccia 2
181
samples) samples)
DC-063 2 125 Breccia

DC-063 16 0 Breccia
DC-063 17 0 Breccia
DC-063 18 0 Breccia
DC-063 19 0 Breccia
DC-063 20 0 Breccia
DC-063 21 0 Breccia
DC-063 22 0 Breccia
DC-063 23 0 Breccia
DC-063 x 0 Breccia
DC-063 161 Breccia
DC-063 94 Breccia
DC-063 98 Breccia
182
Drill hole Orezone (no. of (no.of sam- XRD SEM EPMA
samples) ples)
DC-063 106 Breccia 2

DC-063 116 Breccia
DC-063 116 Breccia
DC-063 122 Breccia
DC-063 130 Breccia
DC-063 134 Breccia
DC-063 140 Breccia
DC-063 147 Breccia
DC-063 153 Breccia
DC-063 166 Breccia
DC-063 166 Breccia
DC-063 177 Breccia
DC-063 184 Breccia
DC-063 196 Breccia
DC-063 203 Breccia
DC-063 226 Breccia
DC-063 234 Breccia
DC-063 252 Breccia
DC-063 257 Breccia
DC-063 258 Breccia
DC-063 264 Breccia
DC-063 277 Breccia
183
samples) samples)
DC-063 277 Breccia

DC-063 282 Breccia
DC-063 288 Breccia
DC-063 294 Breccia
DC-063 299 Breccia
DC-063 300 Breccia
DC-063 312 Breccia
DC-063 330 Breccia
DC-063 338 Breccia
DC-063 344 Breccia
DC-063 355 Breccia
DC-063 367 Breccia
DC-063 373 Breccia
DC-063 375 Breccia
DC-063 380 Breccia
DC-063 385 Breccia
DC-063 391 Breccia
DC-063 399 Breccia
DC-063 410 Breccia
DC-063 415 Breccia
DC-063 417 Breccia
DC-063 421 Breccia
DC-089 2 269 Breccia 2
184
samples) samples)

DC-22 125 Lower
DC-234 1 580 Lower
DC-234 2 585 Lower 3 3
DC-234 3 589 Lower 2 2
DC-234 4 593 Lower
DC-234 5 600 Lower 2
DC-234 6 604 Lower
DC-234 7 601 Lower 2 2
DC-234 8 645 Lower 2 6 5
DC-234 9 739 Lower 2
DC-234 10 740 Lower 2 3
DC-234 11 739 Lower 2
DC-234 12 739 Lower
DC-234 13 614 Lower 2 4
DC-234 14 630 Lower 2
DC-234 15 645 Lower 2
DC-234 16 636 Lower 2 2
DC-234 17 726 Lower
DC-234 18 703 Lower
185
samples) samples)
DC-234 19 715 Lower

DC-234 20 733 Lower
DC-234 21 720 Lower
DC-234 22 721 Lower
DC-234 23 696 Lower
DC-234 24 586 Lower
DC-234 25 689 Lower
DC-246 1 424 Lower 2
DC-246 2 425 Lower 3 3
DC-246 3 440 Lower
DC-246 4 452 Lower
DC-246 5 460 Lower 2
DC-246 6 485 Lower
DC-246 7 486 Lower 2
DC-246 8 487 Lower
DC-246 9 529 Lower
DC-246 10 540 Lower
DC-246 11 554 Lower 2 3
DC-246 12 568 Lower
DC-247 1 747 Lower 5 3
DC-247 2 782 Lower 6 3
DC-247 3 752 Lower 3 2
DC-247 4 758 Lower 2 2
DC-247 5 891 Lower
DC-247 6 891 Lower
DC-247 7 899 Lower
DC-247 8 915 Lower
186
samples) samples)
DC-247 9 915 Lower

DC-247 10 929 Lower
DC-247 11 930 Lower
DC-247 12 880 Lower
DC-247 13 874 Lower
DC-247 14 893 Lower
DC-247 15 897 Lower
DC-247 16 1002 Lower
DC-247 17 926 Lower
DC-247 18 837 Lower
DC-247 19 855 Lower
DC-247 20 822 Lower
DC-247 21 876 Lower
DC-247 22 939 Lower
DC-247 23 752 Lower
DC-247 24 818 Lower
DC-247 25 829 Lower
DC-247 26 844 Lower
DC-247 27 848 Lower
DC-247 28 862 Lower
DC-247 29 866 Lower
DC-247 30 934 Lower
DC-296 186 Lower
UGPZ-025 1 2 Lower-Lower 2 2
UGPZ-025 2 6 Lower-Lower
187
samples) samples)
UGPZ-025 10 56 Lower-Lower 2
188
Appendix A2. Surface Sample Database
Table A2. Surface hand samples.
δ13C-δ18O
UV XRF (no.of CL-
Sample Area Sample ID Petrography (no.of Geochemistry XRD SEM EPMA
Fluorescence spots) Petrography
samples)
Arctic Canyon AC-1
Arctic Canyon AC-2 2
Arctic Canyon AC-3
Arctic Canyon AC-4
Arctic Canyon AC-5 2
Arctic Canyon AC-6
Cortez Hills CH-1
Cortez Hills CH-10
Cortez Hills CH-12.1
Cortez Hills CH-12.2-1
Cortez Hills CH-14
Cortez Hills CH-15-1
Cortez Hills CH-18
Cortez Hills CH-18-1
Cortez Hills CH-19
Cortez Hills CH-1R 2
Cortez Hills CH-2 2
Cortez Hills CH-22
Cortez Hills CH-23
Cortez Hills CH-24
Cortez Hills CH-25
Cortez Hills CH-26 2
189
Table A2. continued. Surface hand samples.
δ13C-δ18O
UV XRF (no.of CL-
samples)
Cortez Hills CH-27 3 2
Cortez Hills CH-28
Cortez Hills CH-29
Cortez Hills CH-3
Cortez Hills CH-31
Cortez Hills CH-35
Cortez Hills CH-36
Cortez Hills CH-4
Cortez Hills CH-42
Cortez Hills CH-42-1 2
Cortez Hills CH-43.1 3
Cortez Hills CH-44
Cortez Hills CH-48
Cortez Hills CH-49
Cortez Hills CH-50
Cortez Hills CH-51
Cortez Hills CH-52
190
δ13C-δ18O
UV XRF (no.of CL-
samples)
Cortez Hills CH-53
Cortez Hills CH-55
Cortez Hills CH-58
Cortez Hills CH-61
Cortez Hills CH-63
Cortez Hills CH-64
Cortez Hills CH-65
Cortez Hills CH-67
Cortez Hills CH-7
Cortez Hills CH-74
Cortez Hills CH-75
Cortez Hills CH-76
Cortez Hills CH-78
Cortez Hills CH-8
Cortez Hills CH-9
Cortez Pits CP-1 3
Cortez Pits CP-10
191
δ13C-δ18O
UV XRF (no.of CL-
samples)
Cortez Pits CP-11
Cortez Pits CP-12
Cortez Pits CP-2
Cortez Pits CP-3
Cortez Pits CP-5
Cortez Pits CP-5.2
Cortez Pits CP-6
Cortez Pits CP-8
Harry’s Point HP-10
Harry’s Point HP-4 2
HCHR HHC-10.1 2
HCHR HHC-11.2 3
HCHR HHC-12
HCHR HHC-14-1
HCHR HHC-15
HCHR HHC-16.1
HCHR HHC-17.1
HCHR HHC-17.2
HCHR HHC-18
HCHR HHC-1A 2
HCHR HHC-1B
HCHR HHC-1B2 2
HCHR HHC-1C 2
HCHR HHC-1D
HCHR HHC-1-W
192
δ13C-δ18O
UV XRF (no.of CL-
samples)
HCHR HHC-2
HCHR HHC-26
HCHR HHC-29
HCHR HHC-30 2
HCHR HHC-31 2
HCHR HHC-32
HCHR HHC-33
HCHR HHC-34
HCHR HHC-36.1 2
HCHR HHC-38-1b
HCHR HHC-39.1
HCHR HHC-4
HCHR HHC-40
HCHR HHC-41
HCHR HHC-42
HCHR HHC-44
HCHR HHC-48
HCHR HHC-49
HCHR HHC-5
HCHR HHC-50
HCHR HHC-51
HCHR HHC-52 2
HCHR HHC-54
HCHR HHC-54.2 2
HCHR HHC-55
193
δ13C-δ18O
UV XRF (no.of CL-
samples)
HCHR HHC-58 2
HCHR HHC-60
HCHR HHC-61.1
HCHR HHC-62
HCHR HHC-63.1 2
HCHR HHC-64
HCHR HHC-65 2
HCHR HHC-66 2
HCHR HHC-69 2
HCHR HHC-7
HCHR HHC-70
HCHR HHC-71 2
HCHR HHC-72
HCHR HHC-73
HCHR HHC-74
HCHR HHC-75-1B
HCHR HHC-76.2
194
Appendix B. Petrography and Luminescence
Appendix B1. Surface Sections
XPL PPL XPL PPL

CH-25 CH-27
XPL PPL XPL PPL

CH-28 CH-43.3
XPL PPL XPL PPL

CH-47 CH-56.2
195
XPL PPL XPL PPL
CH-73 HHC-10.1
XPL PPL
XPL PPL
HHC-11.2 HHC-12
XPL PPL XPL PPL

HHC-69
HHC-71
196
Appendix B2. Core Sections
XPL PPL XPL PPL

CHUD-699A (Z) CHUD-870 (Z)
Footage 110 m Footage 26.21 m
XPL PPL XPL PPL

CHUD-924 (Z) CHUD-937 (Z)
Footage 12.50 m Footage 2.29 m
XPL PPL XPL PPL

CHUE-017-4 (MZ) CHUE-017-5 (MZ)
197
XPL PPL XPL PPL
CHUE-017- 6 (MZ) CHUE-017-11 (MZ)
XPL PPL XPL PPL

CHUE-017-21 (MZ) CHUE-361-1 (LZ)
XPL PPL XPL PPL

CHUE-361-2 (LZ) CHUE-361-6 (LZ)
198
XPL PPL XPL PPL
CHUE-361-12 (LZ) CHUE-361-16 (LZ)
XPL PPL XPL PPL

CHUE-361-21 (LZ) CHUE-361-23 (LZ)
XPL PPL XPL PPL

CHUE-361-25 (LZ) CHUE-361-31 (LZ)
199
XPL PPL XPL PPL
CHUE-361-32 (LZ) CHUE-361-34 (LZ)
XPL PPL XPL PPL

CHUE-361-38 (LZ) CHUE-361-40 (LZ)
XPL PPL XPL PPL

CHUE-401 (LZ) DC-063-11 (BZ)
200
XPL PPL XPL PPL
DC-063-12 (BZ) DC-063-12 (BZ)
XPL PPL XPL PPL

DC-063-17 (BZ) DC-063-17 (BZ)
Footage 375.21 m Footage m
XPL PPL XPL PPL

DC-063-23 (BZ) DC-063-X (BZ)
Footage 280.87 m Footage m
201
XPL PPL XPL PPL
DC-089-11 (BZ) DC-089-2 (BZ)
Footage: 608.38 m Footage: 269.14 m
XPL PPL XPL PPL

DC-089-2A (BZ) DC-089-9 (BZ)
XPL PPL XPL PPL

DC-234-2 (LZ) DC-234-3 (LZ)
202
XPL PPL XPL PPL
DC-234-7 (LZ) DC-234-8-1 (LZ)
XPL PPL XPL PPL

DC-234-8-2 (LZ) DC-246-7 (LZ)
XPL PPL XPL PPL

DC-246-8-1 (LZ) DC-246-8-2 (LZ)
203
XPL PPL
XPL PPL
DC-246-11 (LZ) DC-246-12 (LZ)
XPL PPL XPL PPL

DC-247-1 (LZ) DC-247-2 (LZ)
XPL PPL XPL PPL

DC-247-3 (LZ) DC-247-4 (LZ)
204
XPL PPL
XPL PPL
DC-247-10 (LZ) DC-247-20 (LZ)
XPL PPL XPL PPL

DC-247-24 (LZ) DC-247-27 (LZ)
XPL PPL XPL PPL

DC-247-28 (LZ) UGPZ-025-1 (LLZ)
Footage: 856 m Footage: 2.13 m
205
XPL PPL XPL PPL
UGPZ-025-3 (LLZ) UGPZ-025-4 (LLZ)
XPL PPL
XPL PPL
XPL PPL XPL PPL

206
Appendix B3. Cold-Cathode Luminescence
Cold Cathode-Luminescence Petrography

Cold cathode-luminescence (CL) was performed on samples at the University of British Columbia us-
ing a CLmk4 cold CL stage (manufactured by Cambridge Image Technology Ltd) which was attached to a Carl
Zeiss optical microscope. The microscope was mounted with a Canon EOS-40D camera which was used for
obtaining photographs. The sample was focused under several magnifications using the optical microscope in
plane polarized light prior to turning the CLmK4 stage on. The CLmk4 was operated under manual conditions
where it was pumped down using a vacuum. Electron gun current was set to 385 μA and the voltage was 17-
18 kV. At Cortez Hills, 50 polished sections were examined using CL microscopy.
Cold cathodoluminescence (CL) is produced by excitation of electrons. Cold CL microscopy is used
to identify and image crystal growth and zonation, textural relationships between minerals, brecciation and
microfractures, to understand carbonate diagenesis, the location of trace elements such as the REEs, inferring
Mn2+ and Fe2+ contents and inferring potential stages of mineralization (Machel et al. 2000; Pagel et al. 2000,
Cazenave et al. 2003). Elements that promote and inhibit luminescence are the same as described in the
fluorescence introduction in section 3.4.1.1. Natural and synthetic calcite may display an orange luminescent
response that is produced by the presence of Mn2+ cations (Cazenave, et al. 2003). Fe2+ is a quencher and
may inhibit the luminescence (Machel et al. 2000; Pagel et al. 2000; Vaughan, 2013).
At the Banshee CTD in the Goldstrike property, Vaughan et al. (2016) described different types of
luminescence in calcite distal, proximal and within the deposit. Samples outside the zone of visible alteration
luminesced dull to bright orange and proximal to alteration ooids in oolitic limestones luminesced bright
orange. Proximal to alteration, a calcite cemented breccia displayed bright yellow luminescence. Calcite veins
displayed three types of CL luminescence helping to improve the paragenetic relationships; early veins were
a dull luminescence, intermediate veins luminesced orange and late post-mineralization veins that overprint-
ed silicification luminesced a bright yellow. The Remac Mississippi Valley Type (MVT) deposit (Pacific NW
of N.America) contained calcite cements related to the syn-mineralization quartz veins luminesced a bright
orange. At the Pend Oreille deposit neighbouring Remac, calcite cements that rim sulfide grains and infill
fractures luminesce a bright orange. Calcite crystals that formed interstitially with quartz, sulfides and calcite
luminesce a bright yellow (Cook, 2016). A small-scale study from the adjacent Goldrush deposit, Cortez Dis-
trict (located SE of Cortez Hills), demonstrated a distinct change in texture and colour of luminosity in rocks of
the Dwb Fm. (Friesen, 2013). Altered samples contained Mn concentrations >225 ppm and Fe concentrations
207
<1000 ppm and luminesced a bright orange to yellow. Primary dolomite displayed a brighter dull red colour
compared to primary calcite.
208
Appendix B4. Ultra-Violet Fluorescence
Ultra-Violet Fluorescence
Samples were analyzed at the University of British Columbia using a handheld shortwave UV fluores-
cent lamp. Lamp model is the SuperBright 3, 4000 series by UV Systems Inc. Type of shortwave light is UV-C.
The lamp was used in a dark room and held ~10 cm from the rock sample. For phosphorescence it was held
~3 cm to the rock and held for 10 seconds before turning the UV light off.
Ultra-violet fluorescence is a common property in mineral and gem deposits that has been identified and
explored for over a century (Radley, 1935; Warren, 1969). Fluorescence and phosphorescence are types of
luminescence based on duration of glow. This is in contrast to cathode luminescence which is produced by
the excitation and emission of electrons. Duration of fluorescence when the UV light source is removed is
10-4 to 0.5 sec. Phosphorescence is the extended afterglow that continues from 0.1 to >5 secs when the UV
light source is removed and the excitation of electrons has ceased. Activators, sensitizers and quenchers con-
trol the quantity and intensity of luminescence. An activator is the energy donor, a sensitizer is the energy
acceptor and a quencher decreases the fluorescence intensity (Marfunin, 1979). Activator ions are: Mn2+,
Sm3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, Eu2+, Eu3+ (Machel et al. 1991; Habermann et al. 1996). Sensitizer ions are: Pb2+, Ce3+ (Gies,
1976), and Tl+, Pb2+, Bi3+, Hg, In+, Sn2+, Sb3+, Ga+, Ge2+, As3+, Ag+, In3+, Sn4+, Cu+, Ga3+ and Ge4+ (Marfunin, 1979).
Quencher ions are: Fe2+, Fe3+, Ni2+, Co2+ (Machel et al. 1991). In carbonates, the most important relationship
is between the primary activator Mn2+ and the primary quencher Fe which strongly influence luminescence
response (Marfunin, 1979; Machel et al. 1991; Habermann et al. 1996).
UV fluorescence was used to aid vein paragenesis and tested as an exploration tool in carbonate-re-
placement deposits (CRD) (Antamina, Chacua, Yauricocha) in Peru (Bissig, Escalante et al. 2005; Escalante,
2008) and MVT-deposits in the Pacific NW of N.America (Cook, 2016). Escalante (2008) demonstrated that
pre- and post-mineral veins do not fluoresce, and syn-mineralization veins displayed a bright orange-red flu-
orescence. Yellow, white and light green fluorescence occurred as bands and thin haloes around orange-red
fluorescent mineralized veins. Cook (2016) observed pale orange fluorescence along calcite veins and dis-
seminated throughout sulfides, and attributed it to high concentrations of Pb or Mn.
209
Appendix B5. Rose-Diagram
V3 Surface Veins
210
Appendix C. Portable X-ray Fluorescence Geochemistry
Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis

Portable x-ray fluorescence was performed as a fast and efficient method to collect geochemical data
for different vein types. Portable X-Ray fluorescent analysis was performed at the University of British Colum-
bia with the support from Dr. Peter Winterburn using the Olympus Delta Premium 16150. It uses a large-area
silicon drift detector and the excitation range is 4W Rh, Au, or Ta anode (per application) x-ray tube. Instru-
ment beam spot size was 13 mm. A protected hood and stand was used with the instrument. Both “Geo-
chem” and “Soil” mode were used on each sample. The time interval for “Geochem” mode was 90 seconds
and “Soil” mode was 120 seconds. A stainless steel calibration reference plate was used at the beginning and
end of each session, and after every 50 analyses. A blank sample was used at the beginning of the session
and after every 20 samples. The powder versus hand sample and vein-wall rock study used a sample (7892)
from the calibration study as a known duplicate standard. Aqua regia digestion, four-acid digestion and por-
table-XRF data existed for this sample and was deemed appropriate as a carbonate standard. OREAS 25a and
7892 were used as standards at the beginning, after every 20 samples and at the end of each session. Analy-
ses were calibrated using four-acid digestion multi-element geochemistry at the end of each session. A spot
analysis was performed on the wall rock and vein. A camera on the instrument was used to guide the beam
onto veins and to ensure the beam was focused within the vein and not the wall rock. Several samples were
analyzed where the beam overlapped with the veinlet and wall rock. Samples with more than one vein stage,
halo, or selvage were analyzed. A total of 132 vein, wall rock and alteration samples were analyzed.
Multi-element geochemistry data (four-acid digestion) for 46 samples were used to calibrate XRF
results to improve accuracy. The sample suite consisted of 10 pulped rock samples (Dwb Fm.) from drill hole
CH04-051 collected from a 3.048 m (10 ft) gold assay bag. The remaining 36 samples were collected from
surface across the Cortez District. These samples were from the Dwb, Srm and Ohc Formations. Veins where
removed from surface samples prior to geochemical analysis to avoid contamination or dilution of the rock’s
geochemical composition.
Powdered and hand samples for 5 samples were compared for representation and accuracy. Each
hand sample was analyzed on 3 random spots around the sample.
211
C1. Vein and Wall Rock Results
Calibration Graphs for Elements (Four-Acid vs. pXRF)
As Fe
450 4
400
y = 0.8401x - 0.2674 3.5
R² = 0.9985 y = 1.0389x - 0.1578
350 R² = 0.9798
3
300
(ppm) %)
2.5
pXRF (ppm)
pXRF (wt.
250
2
200
1.5
150
1
100
50 0.5
0 0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
Four-Acid (ppm) wt. %)
Four-Acid (ppm)
Mn Pb
1200
18
y = 0.9603x - 28.982 16
y = 0.7635x + 1.3864
1000 R² = 0.9903
R² = 0.896
14
800
12
pXRF (ppm)
pXRF (ppm)
10
600
400
6
4
200
0
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Four-Acid (ppm)
Four-Acid (ppm)
Zn
200
180
160
140
120
pXRF (ppm)
y = 0.7674x + 1.52
100 R² = 0.9968
80
60
40
20
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Four-Acid (ppm)
212
Raw Calibration pXRF Data (Soil Mode) Vs. Four-Acid Digestion.
SAM- p XRF p XRF Mn p XRF p XRF p XRF

As (FA) As (pXRF) Fe (FA) Fe (pXRF) Mn (FA) Pb (FA) Pb (pXRF) Zn (FA) Zn (pXRF)
PLE_ID (-/+) (-/+) (pXRF) (-/+) (-/+) (-/+)
ppm ppm % % ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm
CH-7892 319 270.94 2.87 1.69 1.50 0.008 179.00 158.09 4.30 12.90 11.76 1.16 29.00 24.56 1.77
CH-7894 245 192.76 2.42 1.46 1.20 0.007 200.00 160.56 4.26 11.70 10.38 1.12 27.00 21.36 1.71
CH-7896 406 349.33 3.39 1.99 1.64 0.009 310.00 252.12 5.14 15.60 11.16 1.20 66.00 52.05 2.33
CH-7898 404 342.07 3.31 1.72 1.47 0.008 350.00 288.21 5.28 13.10 12.70 1.20 85.00 69.11 2.53
CH-7900 173.5 140.87 2.14 1.02 0.82 0.005 292.00 236.71 4.82 8.10 7.95 1.09 23.00 20.78 1.75
CH-7902 109.5 84.04 1.73 0.80 0.63 0.005 183.00 142.91 4.18 6.40 5.79 1.08 20.00 18.12 1.75
CH-7904 71.4 56.00 1.46 0.46 0.38 0.004 339.00 263.80 5.05 3.30 3.11 1.02 11.00 13.16 1.65
CH-7906 56.8 43.36 1.34 0.41 0.33 0.003 139.00 97.23 3.68 3.40 4.69 1.07 11.00 9.28 1.58
CH-7908 55.7 39.77 1.32 0.50 0.41 0.004 142.00 99.61 3.73 4.20 6.81 1.11 23.00 19.24 1.77
CH-7910 29.7 23.45 1.10 0.51 0.42 0.004 96.00 76.51 3.50 4.60 4.68 1.09 23.00 19.26 1.78
J486900 0.7 0.14 0.67 2.67 2.10 0.009 596.00 512.42 6.13 8.40 8.44 0.98 46.00 37.19 1.75
J486901 1.3 0.64 0.57 0.29 0.21 0.002 68.00 49.63 2.38 7.90 7.98 0.79 14.00 10.41 1.14
213
J486902 2.8 1.14 0.60 0.07 0.05 0.001 128.00 99.37 3.09 3.40 4.28 0.81 6.00 2.39 1.12
J486903 1 0.96 0.57 0.30 0.21 0.002 197.00 157.89 3.64 1.70 2.27 0.77 3.00 3.02 1.13
J486904 3 1.26 0.58 0.18 0.12 0.002 193.00 161.61 3.64 1.90 2.46 0.77 15.00 12.28 1.33
J486905 6.8 5.99 0.87 0.41 0.30 0.003 75.00 49.98 3.22 6.20 6.87 1.10 151.00 112.47 3.13
J486906 3.7 3.80 0.70 0.83 0.64 0.004 128.00 96.84 3.47 2.60 2.83 0.91 39.00 30.33 1.79
J486907 6.6 5.97 0.85 0.56 0.37 0.003 254.00 175.12 4.32 4.20 5.12 1.08 7.00 7.86 1.51
J486908 17.3 11.73 0.84 1.06 0.79 0.005 158.00 118.94 3.43 10.70 8.83 0.97 344.00 265.48 3.98
J486909 29.3 25.52 1.13 1.61 1.24 0.007 195.00 156.34 4.12 16.90 13.96 1.19 137.00 108.62 2.86
J486910 36 28.28 0.94 1.06 0.77 0.004 310.00 255.29 4.17 6.10 4.05 0.81 42.00 32.34 1.66
J486911 13.9 10.76 0.93 0.37 0.28 0.003 253.00 184.49 4.20 8.70 10.18 1.10 54.00 32.67 1.98
J486912 3 3.73 0.85 0.15 0.11 0.002 45.00 21.66 3.04 1.50 3.32 1.15 9.00 9.88 1.67
J486913 1.3 0.97 0.82 0.11 0.07 0.002 53.00 32.40 3.08 1.40 4.74 1.20 4.00 3.44 1.50
J486914 15.2 13.18 0.94 0.27 0.18 0.002 157.00 106.17 3.79 2.00 1.98 1.05 16.00 11.30 1.61
J486915 2.2 2.31 0.76 0.34 0.25 0.003 57.00 31.82 2.98 3.40 3.78 1.04 9.00 6.14 1.44
J486916 1.2 2.11 0.82 0.17 0.11 0.002 50.00 30.41 3.02 1.30 4.48 1.17 4.00 5.61 1.50
J486917 3 3.71 0.73 0.88 0.68 0.004 198.00 160.75 3.93 5.40 4.55 0.98 23.00 18.28 1.56
J486918 3.1 4.34 0.79 0.32 0.23 0.003 76.00 47.61 3.25 1.60 0.54 1.04 7.00 7.72 1.58
J486919 5 5.84 0.76 0.71 0.52 0.004 96.00 74.54 3.21 3.00 2.64 0.99 15.00 12.16 1.47
SAM- p XRF p XRF Mn p XRF p XRF p XRF
As (FA) As (pXRF) Fe (FA) Fe (pXRF) Mn (FA) Pb (FA) Pb (pXRF) Zn (FA) Zn (pXRF)
PLE_ID (-/+) (-/+) (pXRF) (-/+) (-/+) (-/+)
J486920 3.4 5.76 0.82 0.11 0.08 0.002 46.00 28.52 2.93 1.20 1.69 1.06 9.00 8.52 1.56
J486921 3.2 3.94 0.84 7.32 8.07 0.032 1050.00 1047.99 11.45 1.90 2.25 1.20 98.00 84.52 2.85
J486922 1.4 3.33 0.76 0.36 0.26 0.003 93.00 59.89 3.20 1.70 2.60 1.03 6.00 5.64 1.43
J486923 1.4 2.43 0.79 0.26 0.18 0.002 77.00 49.13 3.23 2.00 3.20 1.10 4.00 4.84 1.49
J486924 4.2 4.79 0.78 0.68 0.50 0.004 104.00 74.59 3.42 3.00 2.68 1.02 29.00 24.62 1.81
J486926 5.5 4.90 0.78 0.59 0.46 0.004 71.00 54.33 3.17 3.20 4.48 1.02 15.00 12.34 1.51
J486927 0.1 - - 0.06 0.04 0.001 225.00 182.92 3.78 0.70 1.28 0.75 2.00 3.31 1.12
J486928 0.9 3.96 0.82 0.16 0.13 0.002 44.00 29.00 2.98 1.50 0.84 1.14 7.00 7.48 1.58
J486929 3.4 3.89 0.75 0.52 0.38 0.003 97.00 65.49 3.37 2.10 2.01 1.00 6.00 6.41 1.44
J486930 5.4 4.40 0.82 0.14 0.10 0.002 44.00 30.12 2.98 1.30 2.99 1.10 9.00 10.46 1.60
J486931 2.7 3.71 0.80 0.31 0.23 0.003 79.00 45.82 3.18 2.40 2.97 1.08 13.00 13.96 1.66
J486932 0.1 0.40 0.75 0.13 0.10 0.002 51.00 34.30 3.08 0.60 2.96 1.10 11.00 9.77 1.61
J486933 1.7 2.24 0.79 0.14 0.11 0.002 84.00 48.20 3.22 0.80 2.72 1.10 8.00 8.24 1.58
J486934 7.6 6.30 0.87 0.61 0.44 0.004 133.00 99.49 3.74 5.20 6.25 1.11 16.00 14.49 1.67
J486935 25 21.31 1.05 0.34 0.26 0.003 79.00 51.71 3.21 1.70 1.94 1.02 5.00 6.64 1.47
214
J486936 0.5 0.52 0.67 2.63 2.10 0.009 597.00 524.48 6.22 8.10 7.82 0.97 46.00 39.35 1.78
Cortez Hills Known Standard (7892) and Industry Standard (Oreas25d) throughout 2 analysis sessions usng the pXRF.
Date Beam Mode Sample ID As As +/- Fe Fe +/- Mn Mn +/- Pb Pb +/- Zn Zn +/-

Thu 24 Mar 2016 Soil 3 Beam 7892 263.45 2.82 14891.17 77.38 150.55 4.24 12.15 1.16 24.84 1.78
Wed 23 Mar 2016 Soil 3 Beam 7892 265.02 2.85 14901.36 77.95 158.68 4.32 12.23 1.17 26.77 1.83
Wed 23 Mar 2016 Soil 3 Beam 7892 265.86 2.84 14920.00 77.64 158.70 4.30 12.27 1.16 22.26 1.73
Wed 23 Mar 2016 Soil 3 Beam 7892 262.31 2.81 14859.12 77.19 157.78 4.31 11.67 1.16 24.54 1.76
Wed 23 Mar 2016 Soil 3 Beam 7892 265.01 2.84 14860.71 77.35 151.25 4.26 12.23 1.16 29.20 1.86
Thu 24 Mar 2016 Soil 3 Beam 7892 265.55 2.82 14810.46 76.50 153.80 4.24 12.78 1.17 27.67 1.80
Wed 23 Mar 2016 Soil 3 Beam 7892 268.28 2.86 15193.11 78.89 150.97 4.29 11.97 1.16 25.14 1.79
Thu 24 Mar 2016 Soil 3 Beam OREAS25a 8.93 1.05 73690.22 268.83 493.11 7.52 21.65 1.45 37.90 1.94
215
Wed 23 Mar 2016 Soil 3 Beam OREAS25a 8.86 1.03 74215.58 268.95 487.19 7.49 20.83 1.43 36.52 1.91
Known Standard from Cortez Hills-Four-acid Digestion Certified Standard OREAS25A-Four-Acid Digestion
SAMPLE_ID As (FA) Fe (FA) Mn (FA) Pb (FA) Zn (FA) SAMPLE_ID As (FA) Fe (FA) Mn (FA) Pb (FA) Zn (FA)
ppm % ppm ppm ppm ppm % ppm ppm ppm
7892 319 1.69 179.00 12.90 29.00 OREAS 25A - 6.6 420 25.2 45.9
Table C1. Portable X-ray Fluorescence Geochemistry Vein and Wall Rock Results.
Drill hole Sample Fm. Sub- Lith. Depth Ore- Location of Paragenesis δ13C δ18O As As +/-
ID unit (m) zone Drill Spot (V_PDB) ‰ (V_SMOW) ‰ (ppm)
CHUD-699a - Dwb Dwb1 MI 110.34 MZ Vein V2s -2.92 15.59 25.35 2.27
CHUD-699a - Dwb Dwb1 MI 110.34 MZ Wall rock V2s - - 7.53 0.89
CHUD-699a - Dwb Dwb1 MI 110.34 MZ Sulphide V2s - - 75.47 2.57
CHUD-870 - Srm Srm5 MI 26.21 MZ Vein V2s-Silic - - 0.65 0.48
CHUD-870 - Srm Srm5 MI 26.21 MZ Wall rock V2s-Silic - - 2.19 0.70
CHUD-870 - Srm Srm5 MI 26.21 MZ Sulphide V2s - - 206.42 3.33
CHUD-937 1 - - - 2.29 MZ Vein V2+V3 -0.97 -1.55 72.40 1.64
CHUD-937 2 - - - 2.29 MZ Vein V2+V3 -0.97 -1.55 140.49 2.37
CHUD-937 - - - - 2.29 MZ Wall rock V2+V3 - - 39.62 1.28
CHUE-017 2 Dwb Dwb3 SM 21.03 MZ Wall rock V2 - - 6.10 0.80
CHUE-017 2 Dwb Dwb3 SM 21.03 MZ Vein V1 0.70 25.37 2.72 0.82
CHUE-017 3 Dwb Dwb3 SM 34.14 MZ Vein V1 -1.98 11.64 0.82 0.84
216
CHUE-017 4 Dwb Dwb2 SM 49.99 MZ Vein - -2.07 15.01 7.80 1.01

CHUE-017 4 Dwb Dwb2 SM 49.99 MZ Wall rock - - - 3.45 0.75
CHUE-017 6 Dwb Dwb1 SM 91.74 MZ Wall rock V1 &V3 - - 4.35 0.96
CHUE-017 3 (vn2) Dwb Dwb3 SM 34.14 MZ Vein V3 2.31 25.17 1.29 0.81
CHUE-017 5 (vn1) Dwb Dwb2 SM 74.22 MZ Vein V1 -3.72 22.41 1.81 0.87
CHUE-017 6 (vn2) Dwb Dwb1 SM 91.74 MZ Vein V1h -1.45 23.77 3.05 0.94
CHUE-017 6 (vn3) Dwb Dwb1 SM 91.74 MZ Vein V1h 0.09 22.91 2.77 0.94
CHUE-361 1 Srm Srm3 SL 1.37 LZ Vein V2 -3.10 5.87 2.06 0.74
CHUE-361 1 Srm Srm3 SL 1.37 LZ Wall rock V2 - - 1.21 0.60
CHUE-361 2 Srm Srm3 SL 13.56 LZ Wall rock Metamorphic -0.47 17.46 2.32 0.74
CHUE-361 2 Srm Srm3 SL 13.56 LZ Vein Metamorphic -2.99 5.77 1.02 0.64
CHUE-361 6 Srm Srm3 SL 27.58 LZ Wall rock Metamorphic - - 5.51 0.79
CHUE-361 6 Srm Srm3 SL 27.58 LZ Selvage Metamorphic - - 59.06 1.39
CHUE-361 6 Srm Srm3 SL 27.58 LZ Vein Metamorphic -5.65 16.52 38.37 1.27
Table C1. continued. Portable X-ray Fluorescence Geochemistry Vein and Wall Rock Results.
Fe Fe +/- Mn Mn +/- Pb Pb +/- Zn Zn +/-
(ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
21568 116 473.85 7.09 142.53 3.16 145.17 3.82
3968 35 134.75 4.03 6.10 1.11 111.59 3.14
137682 656 74.34 7.01 55.36 2.86 310.00 6.21
6580 37 31.13 2.54 0.11 0.65 295.94 3.81
16144 73 47.19 2.93 7.43 0.97 228.15 3.63
237640 1037 - - 32.09 2.71 1783.11 15.11
3440 32 235.28 4.81 12.57 1.17 127.77 3.27
6006 46 264.74 5.23 28.13 1.57 356.47 5.56
2611 27 113.28 3.76 5.62 1.11 45.02 2.20
3324 30 71.47 3.37 3.40 1.02 41.52 2.08
400 12 56.86 3.53 2.60 1.15 7.31 1.64
1201 19 55.07 3.68 2.77 1.13 11.35 1.69
373 12 45.60 3.63 4.71 1.23 5.70 1.61
8985 59 191.56 4.78 12.29 1.30 94.99 3.02
217
3683 30 131.46 3.61 5.55 1.00 217.61 3.75

9898 62 92.65 3.71 13.57 1.31 33.68 2.08
2557 27 97.33 3.52 17.71 1.32 24.42 1.84
616 14 25.73 3.25 7.22 1.14 23.98 1.91
2393 27 95.13 3.57 10.55 1.23 41.80 2.16
2218 26 116.56 3.77 46.69 1.81 27.73 1.90
2127 25 102.46 3.76 16.42 1.32 19.34 1.79
1478 22 83.62 3.64 11.99 1.30 15.67 1.78
1380 21 82.04 3.51 13.90 1.32 14.11 1.71
7563 51 65.62 3.49 2.88 1.01 29.65 1.91
156 7 5.04 2.34 0.37 0.80 3.66 1.25
4313 37 79.51 3.54 3.10 1.02 20.23 1.76
4930 38 104.97 3.51 1.86 0.89 26.36 1.76
4185 36 87.35 3.63 1.54 1.00 99.71 2.94
4172 35 56.27 3.13 1.83 0.92 85.96 2.69
2307 26 191.75 4.59 1.90 0.98 45.43 2.28
CHUE-361 16 Ohc Ohc3 DO 251.92 LZ Wall rock Metamorphic - 29.65 1.10
CHUE-361 16 Ohc Ohc3 DO 251.92 LZ Vein Metamorphic -1.57 11.86 5.53 0.67
CHUE-361 21 Ohc - MB 317.30 LZ Wall rock Oxidation - - 2.94 0.76
CHUE-361 21 Ohc - MB 317.30 LZ Halo Oxidation - - 3.24 0.75
CHUE-361 21 Ohc - MB 317.30 LZ Wall rock Oxidation - - 2.14 0.78
CHUE-361 23 Srm - CH 341.38 LZ Vein Skarn - - 2.17 0.61
CHUE-361 23 Srm - CH 341.38 LZ Wall rock Skarn -3.12 2.35 1.22 0.71
CHUE-361 25 Srm - CH 366.98 LZ Wall rock Skarn - - 0.46 0.66
CHUE-361 25 Srm - CH 366.98 LZ Wall rock Skarn - - 0.46 0.75
CHUE-361 30 Srm - SL 470.76 LZ Wall rock Faulting - - 1.90 0.63
CHUE-361 31 Srm - SL 457.35 LZ Wall rock Bleached - - 1.26 0.67
CHUE-361 31 Srm - SL 457.35 LZ Wall rock Bleached - - 1.17 0.68
CHUE-361 32 Srm - SL 470.76 LZ Vein Faulting - - 0.21 0.56
218
CHUE-361 33 Srm - SL 483.72 LZ Vein Brecciation -0.32 5.15 23.23 1.10

CHUE-361 34 Srm Srm3 SL 499.87 LZ Wall rock Brecciation - - 7.45 1.11
CHUE-361 34 Srm Srm3 SL 499.87 LZ Vein Brecciation -1.24 8.54 0.48 0.92
CHUE-361 38 Ohc Ohc2 LS 575.16 LZ Wall rock Metamorphic - - 1.33 0.63
CHUE-361 39 Ohc Ohc2 LS 587.04 LZ Vein V3 -0.42 -0.57 87.82 1.74
CHUE-361 39 Ohc Ohc2 LS 587.04 LZ Wall rock V3 - - 11.23 0.90
CHUE-361 1.2 (1) Srm Srm3 SL 1.37 LZ Vein Meta. Vein -3.10 5.87 1.71 0.76
CHUE-361 1.2 (2) Srm Srm3 SL 1.37 LZ Vein Meta. Vein -3.10 5.87 1.92 0.79
CHUE-361 1.2 (3) Srm Srm3 SL 1.37 LZ Vein Meta.Vein -3.10 5.87 3.78 0.70
CHUE-401 - Srm Srm3 SL 9.14 LZ Vein V2s -5.06 8.47 225.07 3.16
CHUE-401 - Srm Srm3 SL 9.14 LZ Wall rock V2s - - 399.90 3.69
DC-234 2 Srm - SL 585.22 LZ Wall rock - - - 87.61 1.79
DC-234 3 Srm - SL 588.87 LZ Vein V3 -1.14 3.86 20.85 1.02
DC-234 3 Srm - SL 588.87 LZ Wall rock V3 - - 17.73 1.00
DC-234 7 Srm - SL 601.07 LZ Wall rock V1cm - - 7.70 0.85
DC-234 7 Srm - SL 601.07 LZ Vein V1cm -2.24 13.93 3.46 1.00

4804 38 113.57 3.82 2.96 0.92 11.06 1.55
1792 21 181.40 3.90 1.50 0.78 6.37 1.26
3512 34 189.60 4.52 3.50 1.01 15.28 1.76
3144 31 203.01 4.57 2.64 1.00 12.50 1.65
2286 26 163.71 4.22 4.30 1.10 11.27 1.59
6706 44 230.99 4.42 -0.31 0.80 27.24 1.72
4590 39 338.92 5.53 1.57 1.00 7.93 1.52
7122 47 194.54 4.27 0.62 0.96 15.52 1.57
1430 22 190.05 4.62 2.91 1.07 13.98 1.72
3044 28 120.22 3.55 0.95 0.86 13.25 1.46
7815 48 85.66 3.30 2.64 0.96 24.39 1.64
4035 35 76.56 3.36 1.33 0.95 11.37 1.53
1267 17 186.46 3.97 1.12 0.78 4.40 1.21
219
1822 25 261.85 5.41 0.12 0.93 3.74 1.51

2486 32 85.02 4.05 11.95 1.45 55.42 2.77
853 20 82.12 4.26 4.39 1.31 2.62 1.82
2885 26 260.97 4.43 3.59 0.86 6.70 1.26
3877 35 135.24 3.98 1.82 1.06 12.01 1.62
3742 35 140.65 4.17 1.52 1.02 5.30 1.49
2352 28 5.00 3.22 2.04 1.01 12.70 1.73
1816 25 12.14 3.33 3.58 1.05 15.58 1.82
3112 30 10.61 2.97 1.65 0.88 9.79 1.49
2266 30 342.29 6.09 6.50 1.51 16.31 2.29
2579 28 132.90 3.96 2.36 1.03 13.25 1.67
4978 41 197.81 4.66 3.84 1.06 52.60 2.40
2977 30 84.50 3.51 2.34 0.99 11.12 1.61
2316 26 68.33 3.30 2.88 1.04 8.48 1.59
3474 33 95.72 3.59 3.36 1.04 117.55 3.16
1630 27 106.38 4.50 3.69 1.33 51.87 2.97
DC-234 8 Srm - SL 645.26 LZ Vein Brecciation - - 19.37 0.92
DC-234 10 Srm - SL 739.75 LZ Wall rock - - - 15.10 0.90
DC-234 10 Srm - SL 739.75 LZ Halo - 36.16 1.17
DC-234 13 Srm - SL 614.48 LZ Vein V2 0.66 5.30 9.76 0.86
DC-234 13 Srm - SL 614.48 LZ Wall rock Decalcified - - 7.41 0.83
DC-234 14 Srm - SL 629.87 LZ Wall rock V3 1.87 3.60 128.57 1.70
DC-234 14.1 Srm - SL 629.87 LZ Vein V3 - - 32.52 1.23
DC-234 14.1 Srm - SL 629.87 LZ Wall rock Metamorphic - - 106.52 1.83
DC-234 16 Srm - SL 635.81 LZ Vein V2 -2.95 3.40 6.89 0.75
DC-234 16 Srm - SL 635.81 LZ Wall rock V2 7.58 0.82
DC-234 10 (vn1) Srm - SL 739.75 LZ Vein V2 -1.34 5.95 18.81 1.00
DC-234 11 (vn1) Srm - SL 738.53 LZ Vein V1 - - 9.56 0.67
220
DC-234 11 (vn2) Srm - SL 738.53 LZ Vein V2 - - 9.99 0.87

DC-234 2 (vn1) Srm - SL 585.22 LZ Vein V2 1.32 2.03 31.75 1.22
DC-234 81 Srm - SL 645.26 LZ Vein Brecciation - - 15.09 1.11
DC-246 1 Srm - SL 423.52 LZ Wall rock V2 4.53 0.75
DC-246 1 Srm - SL 423.52 LZ Vein V2 -0.24 5.70 305.67 3.21
DC-246 5 Srm - SL 460.40 LZ Vein Brecciation -2.31 14.60 39.57 1.43
DC-246 8 Srm - SL 487.07 LZ Wall rock Faulting - - 9.75 0.73
DC-246 8 Srm - SL 487.07 LZ Vein V2 0.49 -1.41 3.43 0.66
DC-246 11 Srm - SL 554.13 LZ Vein Faulting -2.71 7.22 52.44 1.31
DC-246 12 Srm - SL 567.84 LZ Wall rock V1h - - 15.77 0.98
DC-246 12 Srm - SL 567.84 LZ Vein V1h -3.80 19.88 22.54 1.12
DC-246 2 (vn2) Srm - SL 424.59 LZ Vein V2 -2.88 4.26 4.99 0.74

6931 46 375.10 5.54 0.65 0.87 89.31 2.64
5997 42 99.01 3.66 2.95 0.99 33.88 1.87
3994 33 107.84 3.51 3.35 1.03 38.43 2.00
5091 41 536.84 6.90 2.33 1.00 325.30 5.01
4309 38 547.10 7.16 1.21 1.00 185.30 3.96
1102 20 607.11 8.13 5.88 1.12 22.33 1.96
2523 23 551.83 5.71 4.50 0.83 279.52 3.87
4752 41 929.13 10.03 3.80 1.03 58.39 2.52
5346 41 314.95 5.23 3.94 1.02 349.55 5.09
1764 22 87.25 3.34 0.04 0.91 261.61 4.33
3487 32 140.32 3.95 3.21 0.99 153.11 3.48
2343 26 268.86 4.99 3.95 1.03 23.15 1.83
2742 24 48.41 2.57 0.65 0.72 95.27 2.39
221
4881 40 120.77 3.96 2.54 1.00 23.75 1.86

4085 38 534.23 7.31 2.08 1.00 45.02 2.32
4360 38 471.87 6.63 2.81 1.01 54.13 2.41
3557 33 228.27 4.77 5.59 1.08 73.59 2.67
1851 27 128.30 4.60 1.34 1.14 17.25 2.09
2255 24 254.15 4.57 3.72 1.01 30.40 1.84
23895 115 398.23 6.50 11.20 1.24 202.71 4.11
1985 26 1352.18 12.57 2.75 0.99 7.30 1.56
8459 60 283.93 5.71 10.88 1.25 61.06 2.66
2197 23 302.26 4.70 1.63 0.80 22.52 1.55
2219 24 368.70 5.40 1.99 0.84 10.56 1.41
3668 32 83.29 3.23 2.41 0.91 10.67 1.47
5032 36 159.57 3.77 15.28 1.15 21.79 1.62
7144 50 203.95 4.71 9.41 1.17 19.61 1.76
8012 53 826.51 8.95 10.54 1.14 87.55 2.82
2720 27 289.14 4.82 3.05 0.95 10.54 1.45
DC-247 1 Srm - SL 747.06 LZ Vein V2 -3.58 4.11 9.47 1.24
DC-247 3 Srm - SL 751.64 LZ Wall rock V1p - - 6.91 0.88
DC-247 3 Srm - SL 751.64 LZ Vein V1p -0.45 24.02 7.63 0.84
DC-247 4 Srm - SL 758.04 LZ Wall rock Brecciation - - 22.01 1.02
DC-247 4 Srm - SL 758.04 LZ Vein Brecciation -0.03 0.75 23.94 1.17
DC-247 2 (vn1) Srm - SL 782.12 LZ Vein V2+V3 -2.34 4.63 4.90 0.77
DC-247 2 (vn2) Srm - SL 782.12 LZ Vein V2+V3 -2.34 4.63 4.94 0.83
UGPZ-025 1 Srm Srm3 SL 2.13 LLZ Wall rock V2 - - 24.12 1.11
UGPZ-025 1 Srm Srm3 SL 2.13 LLZ Vein V2 -1.22 3.24 16.87 1.19
222
UGPZ-025 3 Srm Srm3 SL 13.26 LLZ Vein V3 0.88 2.76 0.41 0.77
UGPZ-025 4 Srm Srm3 SL 18.90 LLZ Vein V3 -2.28 6.64 11.35 0.84
UGPZ-025 4 Srm Srm3 SL 18.90 LLZ Wall rock Bleached - - 12.07 0.91
UGPZ-025 8 Srm Srm3 SL 45.11 LLZ Breccia Faulting - - 66.91 1.46
UGPZ-025 8 Srm Srm3 SL 45.11 LLZ Wall rock Faulting - - 14.13 0.94
UGPZ-025 8 Srm Srm3 SL 45.11 LLZ Vein Faulting -1.87 2.75 15.33 0.96
UGPZ-025 11 Srm Srm3 SL 74.07 LLZ Wall rock Faulting - - 2.60 0.73
UGPZ-025 11 (vn1) Srm Srm3 SL 74.07 LLZ Vein Faulting -4.18 16.76 0.98 0.76
UGPZ-025 11 (vn2) Srm Srm3 SL 74.07 LLZ Vein Faulting -4.18 16.76 1.70 0.76
- CH-27 Srm - SL - Cortez Vein V3 1.66 19.19 4.53 0.93
Hills
- CH-27 Srm - SL - Cortez Wall rock 0.57 25.85 0.83 0.76
Hills
- CH-56.2 Srm - SL - Cortez Vein V3 - - -0.05 0.57
Hills
- CH-56.2 Srm - - - Cortez Wall rock - - 10.89 0.83
Hills

882 19 129.44 4.45 19.45 1.56 95.97 3.46
5925 42 93.70 3.41 22.12 1.46 237.03 4.17
2297 26 42.01 3.06 3.62 1.02 190.01 3.83
933 17 52.84 3.30 4.60 1.10 14.24 1.73
1675 22 52.39 3.21 3.42 1.03 17.44 1.71
7060 47 703.43 7.55 5.54 1.01 22.47 1.68
13303 82 1723.43 15.28 4.07 1.10 9.30 1.69
1771 23 62.10 3.36 1.75 0.97 50.34 2.30
1715 24 65.39 3.75 1.43 1.04 63.31 2.67
3627 32 108.38 3.61 9.67 1.14 68.73 2.46
3808 41 274.80 6.12 4.36 1.25 24.59 2.24
1335 22 87.34 4.10 3.07 1.15 4.94 1.67
1553 23 252.14 5.43 4.27 1.08 14.58 1.81
223
3469 32 113.78 3.81 0.13 0.90 18.28 1.69

2086 24 73.64 3.51 2.44 1.02 24.09 1.84
908 15 48.17 2.97 1.27 0.91 13.62 1.57
24051 108 145.99 4.11 3.14 1.01 745.23 7.25
3367 33 252.84 4.95 0.30 0.99 183.95 3.98
5132 41 459.71 6.28 3.90 1.02 307.62 4.87
2319 25 106.64 3.49 3.27 1.02 149.52 3.38
1791 23 113.14 3.82 4.77 1.08 136.66 3.42
2390 27 121.21 3.87 4.03 1.06 266.66 4.60
752 17 31.08 3.49 2.59 1.25 5.00 1.68
2383 27 36.46 3.37 5.50 1.07 6.09 1.48
366 10 7.15 2.36 2.72 0.83 2.35 1.18
5458 37 120.31 3.57 9.16 0.98 42.47 1.86
875 17 20.22 3.12 1.23 1.05 7.11 1.55
1382 20 29.57 3.07 2.13 0.98 6.94 1.49
661 15 39.93 3.51 3.39 1.19 7.92 1.66
586 15 21.97 3.40 2.32 1.19 2.88 1.59
- CH-63 Srm - SM - Cortez Vein V3 - - 2.26 0.75
Hills
- CH-63 Srm - SM - Cortez Wall rock - - 1.53 0.71
Hills
Hills
Hills
- CH-73 Srm - SM - Cortez Wall rock 1.08 13.05 4.32 0.86
Hills
- HHC- Srm - SM - Haul Vein V3 1.05 -0.37 0.38 0.75
10.1 Road
- HHC- Srm - SM - Haul Wall rock - - 4.32 0.82
10.1 Road
- HHC- Srm - SM - Haul Vein V3 0.63 22.20 0.97 0.79
224
11.2 Road
- HHC- Srm - SM - Haul Wall rock 0.99 20.43 2.09 0.77
11.2 Road
- HHC-65 Dwb - SL - Haul Vein V3 1.79 29.77 1.66 0.80
Road
- HHC-65 Dwb - Sl - Haul Wall rock 2.47 27.88 2.20 0.78
Road
Road
- HHC-66 Dwb - SL - Haul Wall rock 2.72 26.13 1.59 0.78
Road
Road
- HHC-69 Dwb - SL - Haul Wall rock 1.12 25.39 1.94 0.82
Road
- HHC-7 Ohc - - - Haul Vein V3 -0.71 17.98 2.63 0.83
Road
- HHC-7 Ohc - DO - Haul Wall rock - - - - -
Road

606 15 14.17 3.17 3.51 1.17 6.52 1.59
401 12 49.17 3.54 2.73 1.06 14.77 1.78
2980 29 43.68 3.18 8.29 1.07 167.34 3.55
312 11 28.93 3.31 4.35 1.14 4.34 1.57
1393 20 40.08 3.24 4.71 1.07 38.71 2.10
643 15 31.18 3.17 2.70 1.16 4.69 1.56
869 16 15.09 2.95 1.76 1.12 10.17 1.62
846 16 24.42 3.16 3.26 1.13 4.06 1.50
1020 18 24.60 3.24 1.27 1.10 7.16 1.56
1002 19 58.15 3.86 1.59 1.06 4.24 1.54
1730 25 31.15 3.60 1.93 1.12 7.64 1.71
296 9 124.78 3.56 19.48 1.14 21.51 1.55
109 5 0.79 1.94 10.86 0.82 5.67 1.03
225
Appendix D. 13C and 18O Isotope Results
Appendix D1. Surface Samples (Micro-Drilled)
δ18O: 22.61 δ18O: 16.31

δ13C: 3.25 δ13C: 0.26
δ18O: 22.10
δ13C: 3.28
δ18O: 23.05
δ13C: 3.98
δ18O: 22.86
δ13C: 1.93
HHC-1A HHC-1C HHC-4

Horse Canyon Haul Road Horse Canyon Haul Road Horse Canyon Haul Road
δ18O: 17.98
δ13C: -0.71
δ18O: 22.87
δ13C: -0.08
δ18O: 19.27
δ13C: 0.49
No Carbonate
HHC-5 HHC-6 HHC-7

δ18O: 13.05 δ18O: -0.37 δ18O: 20.43 δ18O: 15.02

δ18O: 22.20 δ13C: 0.99
δ13C: 1.08 δ13C: 1.05 δ13C: 0.63 δ13C: -2.64
HHC-10.1 HHC-11.2 HHC-26

226
δ18O: 21.45 δ18O: 21.45
δ O:20.54
18
δ13C: -0.47 δ13C: -0.47
δ13C: 2.78
δ18O: 18.03
δ13C: 0.62
δ18O: 21.68
δ13C: 2.68
δ18O: 20.79
δ13C: -1.45
HHC-30 HHC-31 HHC-36.1

δ18O: 25.77
δ18O: 23.55 δ18O: 21.90
δ13C: 2.52
δ13C: -0.96 δ18O: 24.57 δ18O: 23.89 δ13C: -0.62
δ13C: --0.96 δ13C: 2.69
δ18O: 21.99
δ13C: -0.12
HHC-38 HHC-52 HHC-54.2

δ18O: 16.04
δ13C: 1.12
δ18O: 24.62
δ18O: 25.01
δ13C: 2.26
δ13C: 4.06
δ18O: 14.99
δ13C: 1.77 HHC-61
Horse Canyon Haul Road
δ18O: 16.04
Wall rock δ18O: 22.06
δ13C: 1.12 HHC-62
δ13C: 2.51
HHC-58
HHC-63.1
227
δ18O: 26.05
δ18O: 27.88
δ13C: 1.75
δ13C: 11.79
δ18O: 25.39
δ18O: 29.77 δ13C: 1.12
δ18O: 26.13
δ13C: 1.79
δ13C: 2.72
δ18O:23.53
δ13C 25.39
HHC-65 HHC-66 HHC-69

δ18O: 24.43
δ18O: 24.09
δ13C: 1.43
δ13C: 2.29
δ18O: 25.55
δ13C: 1.55
HHC-71 HHC-72
Horse Canyon Haul Road Horse Canyon Haul Road
δ18O: 24.88
δ13C: 1.78
δ18O: 24.23
δ13C: 0.40
HHC-75 HHC-76
Horse Canyon Haul Road Horse Canyon Haul Road
δ18O: 14.36
δ13C: -1.63
No value
δ18O: 25.44
δ O: 24.92
18 δ18O: 9.14
δ13C: 0.50
δ13C: 0.44 δ13C: -1.82
δ18O: 10.56
δ13C: -1.60
HP-4 CP-1 CP-6

Harry’s Point Old Cortez Pits Old Cortez Pits
228
δ18O: 11.94
δ13C: -1.85
δ18O: 16.23
δ13C: -1.18 δ18O: 23.77
δ18O: 15.25 δ13C: 0.83
δ13C: -3.74
CH-2 CH-4
Cortez Hills Cortez Hills
δ18O: 23.98
δ18O: 18.88 δ13C: -0.07
δ13C: 2.06
CH-15
Cortez Hills
CH-12
Cortez Hills
δ18O: 23.65
δ13C: -0.40
δ18O: 22.70 δ18O: 21.93

δ13C: -0.70 δ13C: -0.06
CH-18 CH-19 CH-23

Cortez Hills Cortez Hills Cortez Hills
229
δ18O: 21.70
δ13C: -0.60
δ18O: 19.19 δ18O: 24.32
δ13C: 1.66 δ13C: 2.32
δ18O: 21.78
δ18O: 20.55
δ13C: 1.19
δ13C: 3.44
CH-25 CH-27 CH-32

δ18O: 17.62
δ18O: 22.40 δ13C: -1.81
δ13C: 0.97
δ18O: 23.53
δ13C: -0.22
δ18O: 25.35
δ13C: -0.87
CH-26 CH-33
δ18O: 25.62
δ18O: 23.59 δ13C: 1.47
δ13C: 2.15 δ18O: 25.14
δ13C: 1.47
δ18O: 15.61
δ13C: 0.79
CH-34 CH-42 CH-35

230
δ18O: 24.05
δ13C: 3.48 δ18O: 24.47 δ18O: 9.75
δ13C: -2.38
δ13C: 2.09
δ18O: 12.20
δ13C: -0.38
CH-43.3
Cortez Hills
δ18O: 23.29
δ13C: 0.37
δ18O: 24.23
δ13C: 0.18
CH-48 CH-50
δ18O: 21.14
δ13C: 0.23
δ18O: 27.27
δ13C: 1.16
δ18O: 25.96
δ13C: 0.03
CH-55 CH-57.2
δ18O: 15.76
Low carbonate δ13C: -0.43
δ18O: 11.79
δ13C: -0.38 δ18O: 16.03
δ13C: -1.25
CH-71
CH-66
Cortez Hills
Cortez Hills
231
Table D1. Surface sample (micro-drilled) vein and wall rock δ18O and δ13C compositions.
δ13C δ18O Micro-Drill

Location Sample ID Paragenesis Fm. Subunit Lithology SD (1σ) SD (1σ)
(V_PDB ‰) (V_SMOW) ‰ Location
CH 2 V3-Laminated - -1.85 0.13 11.94 0.46 Vein

CH 2 - -1.18 0.13 16.23 0.46 Wall rock
CH 4.2 V3-halo - -3.74 0.13 15.25 0.46 Vein
CH 4.2 - 0.83 0.13 23.77 0.46 Wall rock
CH 12.2 Dwb - 2.06 0.85 18.88 0.58 Wall rock
CH 15 Srm - -0.07 1.09 23.98 0.94 Wall rock
CH 18 Ch - -0.70 0.75 22.70 0.72 Wall rock
CH 19 Ch - -0.40 0.85 23.65 0.58 Wall rock
CH 23 Ch - -0.06 0.75 21.93 0.72 Wall rock
CH 25 Dwb - 1.19 0.65 21.78 0.67 Wall rock
232
CH 26 Dwb - -0.87 0.85 25.35 0.58 Wall rock

CH 26 Dwb - 0.97 0.85 22.40 0.58 Wall rock
CH 27 Dwb - 0.57 0.36 25.85 0.30 Wall rock
CH 27 V3 Dwb - 1.66 0.35 19.19 0.43 Vein
CH 27 Dwb - 2.32 0.35 24.32 0.43 Wall rock
CH 32 V3-Laminated Dwb - -0.60 0.85 21.70 0.58 Vein
CH 32 Dwb - 3.44 0.75 20.55 0.72 Wall rock
CH 33 V3 Dwb - -1.81 1.09 17.62 0.94 Vein
CH 33 Dwb - -0.22 0.85 23.53 0.58 Wall rock
CH 34.1 Dwb - 0.79 0.85 15.61 0.58 Wall rock
CH 35 Dwb - 0.59 0.85 25.14 0.58 Wall rock
CH 42 V3 Dwb - 1.47 1.09 25.62 0.94 Vein
CH 42 Dwb - 2.15 1.09 23.59 0.94 Wall rock
CH 43.3 V3 Dwb - 0.77 0.85 25.03 0.58 Vein
CH 43.3 Dwb - 3.48 0.75 24.05 0.72 Wall rock
Table D1. continued. Surface sample (micro-drilled) vein and wall rock δ18O and δ13C compositions.

CH 46.3 V3-brecciated Dwb - -2.38 0.85 9.75 0.58 Vein

CH 46.3 Dwb - -0.38 0.75 12.20 0.72 Wall rock
CH 48 Dwb - 0.37 0.36 23.29 0.30 Wall rock
CH 50 Dwb - 0.18 0.36 24.23 0.30 Wall rock
CH 55 Dwb - 0.23 0.85 21.14 0.58 Wall rock
CH 57.2 V3 Dwb - 0.03 0.85 25.96 0.58 Vein
CH 57.2 Dwb - 1.16 1.09 27.27 0.94 Wall rock
CH 66 V3 - -1.25 0.13 16.03 0.46 Vein
CH 66 - -0.43 0.13 15.76 0.46 Wall rock
CH 71 V3-laminated - -0.38 0.13 11.79 0.46 Vein
233
CP 1 Brecciated - -1.82 0.13 9.14 0.46 Vein

CP 1 - -1.63 0.13 14.36 0.46 Wall rock
CP 6 Laminated - -1.60 0.13 10.56 0.46 Vein
HCHR 61 V3 - 2.26 0.32 24.62 0.58 Wall rock
HCHR 2 Oe - -1.15 0.75 22.21 0.72 Wall rock
HCHR 4 Oe - 0.26 0.75 16.31 0.72 Wall rock
HCHR 5 Oe/Ohc? - 0.49 0.35 19.27 0.43 Wall rock
HCHR 6 Ohc - -0.08 0.35 22.87 0.43 Wall rock
HCHR 7 V3 - -0.71 - 17.98 - Vein
HCHR 10.1 V3-brecciated Srm 2 1.05 0.75 -0.37 0.72 Vein
HCHR 10.1 Srm 2 1.08 0.75 13.05 0.72 Wall rock
HCHR 11.2 V3 - 0.63 - 22.20 - Vein
HCHR 11.2 - 0.99 - 20.43 - Wall rock
HCHR 14 Srm 4 0.66 0.36 18.65 0.30 Wall rock

HCHR 26 V3 Srm - -2.64 0.85 15.02 0.58 Vein
HCHR 30 V1 Srm 3 2.78 0.85 20.54 0.58 Vein
HCHR 31 Srm 3 -0.47 0.75 21.45 0.72 Wall rock
Wall rock-
HCHR 31 Srm 3 0.26 0.75 21.45 0.72
bioclastic
HCHR 36 V3 Srm 4 -1.45 0.85 20.79 0.58 Vein
HCHR 42 Srm - 1.48 0.85 22.28 0.58 Wall rock
234
HCHR 52 V3 Dwb - -0.96 0.85 24.57 0.58 Vein

HCHR 52 Dwb - 2.61 0.85 23.89 0.58 Wall rock
HCHR 54.2 V3 Dwb - -0.62 0.85 21.90 0.58 Vein
HCHR 54.2 Dwb - 2.52 0.85 25.77 0.58 Wall rock
HCHR 58 V3-brecciated Dwb - 1.77 0.75 14.99 0.72 Vein
HCHR 61 V3 - 1.12 0.32 16.04 0.58 Vein
HCHR 62 Dwb 3 4.06 0.75 25.01 0.72 Wall rock
HCHR 65 V3 - 1.79 - 29.77 - Vein
HCHR 65 - 2.47 - 27.88 - Wall rock
HCHR 66 V3 Dwb - 2.72 0.85 26.13 0.58 Vein

HCHR 69 V3 Dwb - 0.43 0.65 23.53 0.67 Vein

HCHR 1A Dwb - 3.25 0.75 22.61 0.72 Wall rock
HCHR 1A V3 Dwb - 3.28 0.75 22.10 0.72 Vein
HCHR 1B2 Dwb - 1.39 0.65 21.59 0.67 Wall rock
235
HCHR 1C Dwb - 1.93 0.75 22.86 0.72 Wall rock

HCHR 1C V3 Dwb - 3.98 0.75 23.05 0.72 Vein
HCHR 1-W Oe - -2.54 0.75 14.25 0.72 Wall rock
HP 4 V3 Dwb - 0.44 0.13 24.92 0.46 Vein
Appendix D2. Core Samples (Micro-Drilled)
No value
δ18O: -1.55 δ O: 14.68

18
δ13C: -0.97 δ C: -4.48

13
δ18O: 16.85
δ13C: -1.81
δ18O: 15.59
δ13C: -2.92 δ18O: 16.51
δ13C: -3.24
δ18O: 25.48
δ18O: 11.76 δ13C: 1.30
δ13C: -2.52
δ18O: 18.25 δ18O: 21.25 δ18O: -1.88
δ13C: -1.71 δ13C: -1.57 δ13C: 24.55
δ18O: 24.90
δ13C: -1.88
CHUD-699A CHUD-924 CHUD-937 CHUE-017-1 (MZ) CHUE-017-2 (MZ)

109.61m 12.50 m 2.29 m 5.14 m 21.03 m
δ18O: 16.46
δ18O: 11.64
δ13C: -2.11
δ13C: -1.98
δ18O: 24.80 δ18O: 22.19

δ13C: 1.61 δ18O: 13.13
δ13C: -2.95 δ18O: 19.92 δ13C: -2.98
δ13C: -1.49
δ18O: 23.77
δ18O: 25.17 δ13C: -1.45
δ18O: 15.01
δ13C: 2.31
δ13C: -2.07 δ18O: 22.41
δ13C: -3.72 δ18O: 18.95 δ18O: 22.91
δ13C: -1.14 δ13C: 0.09
δ18O: 13.85
δ13C: -1.72
CHUE-017-3 (MZ) CHUE-017-4 (MZ) CHUE-017-5 (MZ) CHUE-017-6 (MZ) CHUE-017-9 (MZ)
34.14 m 49.98 m 74.21 m 91.75 m 182.58 m
236
δ18O: 17.25
δ18O: 18.36 δ18O: 18.36
δ13C: -4.07
δ13C: -3.46
δ13C: -3.46 δ18O: 5.77
δ13C: -2.99 δ18O: 17.46
δ18O: 19.50 δ13C: -0.47
δ13C: -3.51
δ18O: 19.50 δ18O: 5.79
δ13C: -3.51 δ13C: -2.64 δ18O: 16.52
δ18O: 5.87 δ13C: -5.65
δ13C: -3.10
δ18O: 17.32
δ13C: -1.49
CHUE-017-22 (MZ) CHUE-361-1 (LZ) CHUE-361-2 (LZ) CHUE-361-6 (LZ)

271.27 m 1.37 m 13.56 m 27.58 m
δ18O: 6.12
δ13C: -2.00 No value
No value
δ18O: 4.49
δ13C: -2.68
δ18O: 14.92
δ13C: -2.10
δ18O: 6.71
δ13C: -2.38 δ18O: 2.35
δ13C: -3.12
No value
δ18O: 11.86 δ18O: 15.22

δ13C: -1.57 δ13C: -1.64
δ18O: 1.79
No value δ13C: -1.71
CHUE-361-16 (LZ) CHUE-361-18 (LZ) CHUE-361-19 (LZ) CHUE-361-21 (LZ) CHUE-361-23 (LZ)
251.91 m 274.32 m 289.26 m 317.30 m 341.38 m
237
δ18O: 10.86 δ18O: 13.26
δ13C: -2.46 δ13C: -1.49
δ18O: 6.86
δ13C: -4.49
δ18O: 6.46
δ13C: -4.43 δ18O: 5.15 δ18O: 8.54
δ18O: 8.03 No value δ13C: -0.32
δ13C: -2.78
δ13C: -1.24
δ18O: 17.76
δ13C: -0.82
δ18O: 5.37
δ13C: -0.01
CHUE-361-25 (LZ) CHUE-36-31 (LZ) CHUE-361-32 (LZ) CHUE-361-33 (LZ) CHUE-361-34 (LZ)
366.97 m 457.35 m 470.76 m 483.72 m 499.87 m
δ18O: 8.47
δ13C: -5.06 δ18O: 13.43
δ18O: 17.41 δ13C: 0.25
δ18O: 14.00 δ13C: 0.24
δ13C: -2.23
δ18O: 20.21
δ13C: -0.49
δ18O: 17.22 δ18O: 21.36

δ13C: -0.36 δ13C: -0.10
δ18O: -0.57
δ13C: -0.42
δ18O: 13.57
δ13C: -1.82
CHUE-361-39 (LZ) CHUE-361-40 (LZ) CHUE-401 (LZ) DC-063-1247 (BZ) DC-063-348 (BZ)
587.04 m (1926 ft) 594.06 m m m 106.07 m
DC-063-1247
238
δ18O: 14.64
δ18O: 14.52 δ13C: -2.38
δ13C: -4.09 δ18O: 6.23 δ18O: 19.94
δ13C: -1.53 δ13C: 2.70
TBA
δ18O: 14.52
δ18O: 22.29 δ13C: -4.09
δ13C: -2.39 DC-089-11
δ18O: 21.02
δ13C: -3.84
δ18O: 21.02
δ13C: -3.84
δ18O: 22.29
δ13C: 0.03
DC-063-360 (BZ) DC-063-402 (BZ) DC-063-640 (BZ) DC-089-11 (BZ)

109.73 m 122.52 m 195.07 m m
δ18O: 14.93
δ13C: -2.73 δ18O: 7.56
δ13C: -0.66
δ18O: 17.47
δ18O: 3.86 δ13C: -2.59
δ18O: 6.75
δ13C: -1.14 δ13C: 0.82
δ18O: 13.93
δ18O: 2.03 δ13C: -2.24
δ13C: 1.32
δ18O:16.97
δ13C: -1.47
δ18O: 4.47
δ13C: -4.91
DC-234-2 (LZ) DC-234-3 (LZ) DC-234-5 (LZ) DC-234-7 (LZ)

585.22 m 588.87 m 600.15 m 601.07 m
239
δ18O: 11.28
δ18O: 5.30
δ13C: -3.14
δ13C: 0.66
δ18O: 3.27 δ18O: 9.60
11.28 δ18O: 14.03
δ13C: 0.17 δ13C: -0.60
δ13C: -3.83
14.03 δ18O: 5.95
δ18O: 5.53 δ18O: 5.20
δ13C: -1.34 δ13C: 1.48
δ13C: -2.64
5.53
δ18O: 7.31
δ18O: 2.80
8.09 7.31 δ13C: -4.54 δ13C: -1.99
δ18O: 8.09
δ13C: -4.29
0.73
δ18O: 0.73
δ13C: 0.44
DC-234-8-1 (LZ) DC-234-9 (LZ) DC-234-10 (LZ) DC-234-13 (LZ)

641.03 m 733.91 m 739.75 m 614.48 m
δ18O: 17.92
δ18O: 4.26
δ13C: -3.66
δ18O: 5.70 δ13C: -2.88
δ13C: -0.24
δ18O: 18.67
δ13C: -4.33
δ18O: 21.20
δ13C: -3.19
No value δ18O: 3.40

δ18O: 10.65
δ13C: -2.95
δ13C: -1.60
δ18O: 3.60
δ13C: 1.87 δ18O: 4.93
δ13C: 0.88
DC-234-14 (LZ) DC-234-15 (LZ) DC-234-16 (LZ) DC-246-1 (LZ) DC-246-2 (LZ)
629.87 m 644.65 m 635.81 m 423.52 m 424.59 m
240
No value
δ18O: 8.56
δ13C: -3.73
No value
δ18O: 1.41
δ18O: 8.56
δ13C: 0.49
δ13C: -4.76
δ18O: 14.60
δ13C: -2.31
δ18O: 3.12
δ13C: -0.09

440.13 m 460.40 m 486.50 m 487.01 m
δ18O: 6.31
δ18O: 21.66 δ13C: -2.34
δ13C: -2.12
No value
δ O: 2.45
18
δ13C: -0.45 δ18O: 4.62

δ13C: -3.49 δ18O: 21.73
δ13C: -2.17
δ18O: 19.88
δ O: 4.01
18
δ13C: -4.68
δ O: 7.22
18 δ13C: -3.80 δ18O: 4.63
δ13C: -2.71 δ18O: 6.34 δ13C: -2.34
δ13C: -4.47
δ18O: 4.23 δ18O: 23.83
δ13C: -3.20 δ13C: -2.15 δ18O: 2.69
δ13C: 0.77

554.13 m 564.11 m 747.10 m 782.12 m
241
No value
δ18O: 6.64
δ13C: -2.28
δ18O: 3.31
δ13C: 0.58
δ18O: 24.02 δ18O: 21.14

δ13C: -0.45 δ13C: -0.83
δ18O: -1.06
δ13C: -0.58
δ18O: 25.67 δ18O: 2.31
δ13C: 0.00 δ13C: 0.90
δ18O: 22.56
δ18O: 15.81 δ18O: 20.63 δ13C: -1.16
δ13C: -1.69 δ13C: -0.36
δ18O: 2.96
δ O: 2.05
18 δ13C: 0.77
δ O: 0.75
18
δ13C: -1.36
δ13C: -0.03
DC-247-3 (LZ) DC-247-4 (LZ) UGPZ-025-2 (LLZ) UGPZ-025-3 (LLZ)

751.67 m 753.06 m 6.40 m 13.26 m
δ18O: 3.44
δ13C: -1.83
δ18O: 11.59
δ13C: -3.68
No value δ18O: 15.82 δ18O: 2.75 δ18O: 12.91

δ13C: -2.48 δ13C: -1.87 δ13C: -1.81
δ18O: 5.40: δ18O: 16.76
δ O: 6.64
18 δ13C: -2.49 δ13C: -4.18
δ13C: -2.28
δ18O: 19.41
δ18O: 7.12:
δ13C: -2.84 δ18O: 5.91 δ13C: -3.63
δ13C: -2.18
δ18O: -1.06
δ13C: -0.58
UGPZ-025-4 (LLZ) UGPZ-025-8 (LLZ) UGPZ-025-10 (LLZ) UGPZ-025-11 (LLZ)

18.90 m 45.11 m 55.75 m 74.07 m
242
Table D2. Core sample (micro-drilled) vein and wall rock δ18O and δ13C compositions.
Sample Footage δ13C δ18O Micro-Drill

Drill hole ID Orezone Paragenesis Fm. Subunit Lithology SD (1σ) SD (1σ)
ID (m) (V_PDB ‰) (V_SMOW) ‰ Location
CHUD-699A - 109.61 MZ V2s Dwb Dwb1 MI -3.24 0.21 16.51 0.29 Vein
CHUD-699A - 109.61 MZ V2s Dwb Dwb2 MI -2.92 0.21 15.59 0.29 Vein
CHUD-699A - 109.61 MZ - Dwb Dwb4 MI -1.71 0.21 18.25 0.29 Wall rock
CHUD-699A - 109.61 MZ - Dwb Dwb3 MI -1.57 0.21 21.25 0.29 Wall rock
CHUD-924 - 12.41 MZ - -3.29 0.29 16.85 0.42 Wall rock
CHUD-924 - 12.41 MZ V2s -2.52 0.29 11.76 0.42 Vein
CHUD-937 - 2.27 MZ - -4.48 0.21 14.68 0.29 Wall rock
CHUD-937 - 2.27 MZ V2+V3 -0.97 0.21 -1.55 0.29 Vein
CHUE-017 1 5.27 MZ V3 Dwb Dwb3 SM -1.88 0.13 24.90 0.46 Vein
CHUE-017 2 20.89 MZ V1 0.70 0.23 25.37 0.35 Vein
CHUE-017 2 20.89 MZ V1 Dwb Dwb3 SM 1.30 0.43 25.48 0.53 Wall rock
243
CHUE-017 3 33.91 MZ - Dwb Dwb3 SM 1.61 0.43 24.80 0.53 Wall rock
CHUE-017 3 33.91 MZ V1 Dwb Dwb3 SM 2.31 0.43 25.17 0.53 Vein
Bioclasitc
CHUE-017 4 49.66 MZ -2.07 0.13 15.01 0.46 Vein
debris
CHUE-017 4 49.66 MZ Dwb Dwb3 SM -1.72 0.29 13.85 0.42 Wall rock
CHUE-017 6 91.14 MZ V1h Dwb Dwb2 SM -1.45 0.43 23.77 0.53 Vein
CHUE-017 6 91.14 MZ - Dwb Dwb1 SM -1.14 0.43 18.95 0.53 Wall rock
CHUE-017 6 91.14 MZ V1h Dwb Dwb4 SM 0.09 0.43 22.91 0.53 Vein
CHUE-017 9 181.38 MZ Brecciation 1 Dwb - SM -2.98 0.13 13.13 0.46 Vein
CHUE-017 9 181.38 MZ Brecciation 1 -2.11 0.13 16.46 0.46 Wall rock
CHUE-017 22 890ft MZ V2 Dwb - -3.51 0.29 19.50 0.42 Vein
CHUE-017 22 890ft MZ Dwb - -3.46 0.29 18.36 0.42 Wall rock
CHUE-361 1 1.36 LZ V2 Srm Srm3 SL -3.10 0.43 5.87 0.53 Vein
Table D2. continued. Core sample (micro-drilled) vein and wall rock δ18O and δ13C compositions.
CHUE-361 1 1.36 LZ V2 -2.99 0.23 5.77 0.35 Vein
CHUE-361 1 1.36 LZ V2 Srm Srm3 SL -2.64 0.43 5.79 0.53 Vein
CHUE-361 1 1.36 LZ - Srm Srm3 SL -1.49 0.43 17.32 0.53 Wall rock
Metamorphic
CHUE-361 2 13.47 LZ Srm Srm3 SL -0.47 0.43 17.46 0.53 Vein
vein
CHUE-361 6 27.40 LZ MM Srm Srm3 SL -5.65 0.23 16.52 0.35 Vein
CHUE-361 6 27.40 LZ - -2.83 0.23 17.63 0.35 Wall rock
CHUE-361 16 250.26 LZ V1cm Ohc Ohc3 DO -1.57 0.23 11.86 0.35 Vein
CHUE-361 18 272.52 LZ V2 Ohc - LS -2.00 0.29 6.12 0.42 Vein
CHUE-361 21 315.21 LZ - Ohc - MB -2.10 0.21 14.92 0.29 Wall rock
CHUE-361 21 315.21 LZ Oxidation Ohc - MB -1.71 0.21 1.79 0.29 Wall rock
244
CHUE-361 23 339.14 LZ V3 Ohc - -3.12 0.43 2.35 0.53 Vein

CHUE-361 23 339.14 LZ - Ohc - MB -1.64 0.29 15.22 0.42 Wall rock
CHUE-361 25 364.57 LZ Skarn Srm - CH -2.78 0.43 8.03 0.53 Wall rock
CHUE-361 25 364.57 LZ Skarn Srm - CH -2.46 0.43 10.86 0.53 Wall rock
CHUE-361 31 454.35 LZ Bleaching Srm - SL -0.82 0.21 17.76 0.29 Wall rock
CHUE-361 32 467.67 LZ Brecciation Srm - SL -4.43 0.21 6.46 0.29 Wall rock
CHUE-361 32 467.67 LZ Faulting Srm - SL -0.01 0.21 5.37 0.29 Vein
CHUE-361 33 480.54 LZ Brecciation - - - -4.49 0.23 6.86 0.35
CHUE-361 33 480.54 LZ Brecciation - - - -0.32 0.23 5.15 0.35 Vein
CHUE-361 34 496.59 LZ Brecciation Srm Srm3 SL -1.89 0.29 18.31 0.42 Wall rock
CHUE-361 34 496.59 LZ Brecciation Srm Srm3 SL -1.49 0.29 13.26 0.42 Wall rock
CHUE-361 34 496.59 LZ Brecciation Srm Srm3 SL -1.24 0.29 8.54 0.42 Vein
CHUE-361 39 583.19 LZ V3 Srm Srm4 SL -0.42 0.43 -0.57 0.53 Vein
CHUE-361 40 590.16 LZ Metamorp Ohc Ohc2 LS -0.49 0.29 20.21 0.42 Wall rock
CHUE-361 40 590.16 LZ Metamorp. Ohc Ohc2 LS -0.10 0.29 21.36 0.42 Wall rock
CHUE-401 - 9.08 LZ V2s Srm Srm3 SL -5.06 0.21 8.47 0.29 Vein
CHUE-401 - 9.08 LZ - Srm Srm3 SL -2.23 0.21 14.00 0.29 Wall rock
DC-063 1 109.01 BZ V2 Dwb - -0.01 0.13 19.43 0.46 Vein
DC-063 14 393.94 BZ V1 Dwb - 0.56 0.13 16.37 0.46 Vein
DC-063 23 279.03 BZ V1 Dwb - -3.33 0.13 20.12 0.46 Vein
DC-063 - 109.01 BZ V2 Dwb - -4.33 0.29 15.61 0.42 Vein
DC-063 - 193.79 BZ V2 Dwb - -4.09 0.29 14.52 0.42 Vein
DC-063 - 193.79 BZ V3 Dwb - -3.84 0.29 21.02 0.42 Vein
DC-063 - 193.79 BZ Dwb - -2.39 0.29 22.29 0.42 Wall rock
DC-063 - 121.73 BZ Brecciation Dwb - -2.38 0.29 14.64 0.42 Vein
DC-063 - 105.37 BZ Brecciation Dwb - -1.82 0.13 13.57 0.46 Vein
245
DC-063 - 121.73 BZ Dwb - -1.53 0.29 6.23 0.42 Wall rock

DC-063 - 111.13 BZ Dwb - 0.03 0.29 10.35 0.42 Wall rock
DC-063 - 377.59 BZ Brecciation Dwb - 0.24 0.13 17.41 0.46 Vein
DC-063 - 105.37 BZ Dwb - 0.25 0.29 13.43 0.42 Wall rock
DC-089 9 442.69 BZ ? - 2.70 0.13 19.94 0.46 Vein
DC-089 11 604.39 BZ V2 - -2.33 0.13 8.64 0.46 Vein
DC-089 11 604.39 BZ - -1.57 0.13 15.97 0.46 Wall rock
DC-234 2 581.38 LZ V2 Srm - SL -4.91 0.43 4.47 0.53 Vein
DC-234 2 581.38 LZ Srm - SL -1.47 0.43 16.97 0.53 Wall rock
DC-234 2 581.38 LZ V2 Srm - SL 1.32 0.43 2.03 0.53 Vein
DC-234 3 585.01 LZ V3 Srm - SL -1.14 0.29 3.86 0.42 Vein
DC-234 5 596.21 LZ V2s Srm - SL -0.66 0.13 7.56 0.46 Vein
DC-234 5 596.21 LZ 0.82 0.13 6.75 0.46 Wall rock
DC-234 7 597.12 LZ V1cm Srm - SL -2.59 0.43 17.47 0.53 Wall rock
DC-234 7 597.12 LZ V1cm Srm - SL -2.24 0.43 13.93 0.53 Vein
DC-234 8 641.03 LZ Brecciation Srm - SL -4.54 0.29 7.31 0.42 Clast
DC-234 8 641.03 LZ Brecciation Srm - SL -4.29 0.29 8.09 0.42 Clast
DC-234 8 641.03 LZ Brecciation Srm - SL -3.83 0.43 14.03 0.53 Vein
DC-234 8 641.03 LZ Brecciation Srm - SL -3.14 0.43 11.28 0.53 Wall rock
DC-234 8 641.03 LZ Brecciation Srm - SL 0.44 0.29 0.73 0.42 Vein
DC-234 9 733.99 LZ V2 Srm - SL -1.99 0.43 2.80 0.53 Vein
DC-234 9 733.99 LZ Srm - SL 0.17 0.43 3.27 0.53 Wall rock
DC-234 10 734.90 LZ V2 Srm - SL -1.34 0.13 5.95 0.46 Vein
DC-234 10 734.90 LZ -0.60 0.13 9.60 0.46 Wall rock
DC-234 13 610.44 LZ V2 Srm - SL 0.66 0.43 5.30 0.53 Vein
246
DC-234 13 610.44 LZ V2 Srm - SL 1.48 0.43 5.20 0.53 Wall rock

DC-234 14 625.74 LZ V3 Srm - SL 1.87 0.43 3.60 0.53 Vein
DC-234 15 640.42 LZ V1 Srm - SL -4.33 0.13 18.67 0.46 Vein
DC-234 15 640.42 LZ V1 Srm - SL -3.66 0.13 17.92 0.46 Vein
DC-234 16 631.64 LZ V2 Srm - SL -2.95 0.29 3.40 0.42 Vein
DC-246 1 420.74 LZ V2 Srm - SL -0.24 0.13 5.70 0.46 Vein
DC-246 2 421.80 LZ V2 Srm - SL -2.88 0.43 4.26 0.53 Vein
DC-246 2 421.80 LZ V2 Srm - SL 0.88 0.43 4.93 0.53 Vein
DC-246 3 437.24 LZ Brecciation 1 Srm - SL -4.76 0.13 8.56 0.46 Vein
DC-246 5 457.38 LZ Brecciation 1 Srm - SL -2.31 0.13 14.60 0.46 Vein
DC-246 8 483.87 LZ V2 Srm - SL 0.49 0.43 -1.41 0.53 Vein
DC-246 11 550.49 LZ Faulting Srm - SL -2.71 0.43 7.22 0.53 Vein
DC-246 12 564.12 LZ V1h Srm - LS -3.80 0.43 19.88 0.53 Vein
DC-247 1 742.16 LZ V2 Srm - SL -4.47 0.43 6.34 0.53 Vein
DC-247 1 742.16 LZ V2 Srm - SL -3.58 0.29 4.11 0.42 Vein
DC-247 1 742.16 LZ V2 Srm - SL -3.20 0.43 4.23 0.53 Vein
DC-247 2 776.98 LZ V2+V3 Srm - SL -2.34 0.21 4.63 0.29 Vein
DC-247 2 776.98 LZ V2+V3 Srm - SL -2.34 0.21 6.31 0.29 Vein
DC-247 2 776.98 LZ V2+V3 Srm - SL -2.17 0.21 21.73 0.29 Wall rock
DC-247 2 776.98 LZ V2+V3 Srm - SL 0.77 0.21 2.69 0.29 Vein
247
DC-247 3 746.70 LZ V1p Srm - SL -0.45 0.43 24.02 0.53 Vein

DC-247 3 746.70 LZ V1p Srm - SL 0.00 0.43 25.67 0.53 Wall rock
DC-247 3 746.70 LZ Srm - SL 0.01 0.29 23.90 0.42 Wall rock
DC-247 4 753.06 LZ Brecciation Srm - SL -1.69 0.29 15.81 0.42 Breccia Clast
UGPZ-025 1 2.12 LLZ V2 Srm Srm3 SL -1.44 0.43 19.35 0.53 Wall rock
UGPZ-025 1 2.12 LLZ V2 Srm Srm3 SL -1.22 0.43 3.24 0.53 Vein
UGPZ-025 2 6.36 LLZ Brecciation Srm Srm3 SL -1.36 0.13 2.05 0.46 Vein
UGPZ-025 2 6.36 LLZ Brecciation Srm Srm3 SL -0.36 0.13 20.63 0.46 Wall rock
UGPZ-025 3 13.17 LLZ V3 Srm Srm3 SL 0.58 0.21 3.31 0.29 Vein

UGPZ-025 4 18.77 LLZ V3 Srm Srm3 SL -0.58 0.21 -1.06 0.29 Vein
Metamor-
UGPZ-025 7 37.24 LLZ Srm Srm3 -2.35 0.29 19.54 0.42 Wall rock
phism SL
UGPZ-025 8 44.81 LLZ Faulting Srm Srm3 SL -2.48 0.21 15.82 0.29 Wall rock
UGPZ-025 8 44.81 LLZ Faulting Srm Srm3 SL -2.18 0.29 5.91 0.42
UGPZ-025 8 44.81 LLZ Faulting Srm Srm3 SL -1.87 0.21 2.75 0.29 Vein
UGPZ-025 11 73.58 LLZ Faulting Srm Srm3 SL -4.18 0.43 16.76 0.53 Vein
248
Appendix D3. Pulped Rock
Table D3. Pulped rock geology, geochemistry and δ18O-δ13C compositions.
δ18O
Drill Hole From δ13C From As Hg Sb Tl
Sample ID To (m) Fm. Lith. SD (1σ) (V_SMOW) SD (1σ) To (m)
ID (m) (V_PDB ‰) (m) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
‰
CC05-003 AAO7594 0.00 3.05 Tqa AL
CC05-003 AAO7596 6.10 9.14 Tqa CG
CC05-003 AAO7598 12.19 15.24 Tqa CG
CC05-003 AAO7600 18.29 21.34 Tqa CG
CC05-003 AAO7602 24.38 27.43 Tqa CG
CC05-003 AAO7604 30.48 33.53 Tqa CG
CC05-003 AAO7606 36.58 39.62 Dwb CS 36.58 45.72 28.00 0.01 3.17 0.28
CC05-003 AAO7608 42.67 45.72 Dwb CS 1.34 0.46 11.82 0.61 36.58 45.72 28.00 0.01 3.17 0.28
CC05-003 AAO7610 48.77 51.82 Dwb CS 0.50 0.46 15.44 0.61 45.72 54.86 52.00 0.01 6.26 0.39
CC05-003 AAO7612 54.86 57.91 Dwb CS 0.76 0.46 14.81 0.61 54.86 64.01 71.00 0.01 6.59 0.25
CC05-003 AAO7614 60.96 64.01 Dwb CS -0.34 0.46 14.45 0.61 54.86 64.01 71.00 0.01 6.59 0.25
CC05-003 AAO7616 67.06 70.10 Dwb CS -0.43 0.46 19.90 0.61 64.01 73.15 58.00 0.01 3.86 0.21
249
CC05-003 AAO7618 73.15 76.20 Dwb CS -0.12 0.46 20.79 0.61 73.15 82.30 59.00 0.01 4.10 0.16
CC05-003 AAO7620 79.25 82.30 Dwb CS -0.42 0.46 21.03 0.61 73.15 82.30 59.00 0.01 4.10 0.16
CC05-003 AAO7624 85.34 88.39 Dwb CS 1.04 0.46 12.84 0.61 82.30 91.44 25.00 0.01 1.38 0.11
CC05-003 AAO7626 91.44 94.49 Dwb SM 1.37 0.46 16.52 0.61 91.44 100.58 11.00 0.01 0.76 0.12
CC05-003 AAO7628 97.54 100.58 Dwb CS -0.11 0.46 16.71 0.61 91.44 100.58 11.00 0.01 0.76 0.12
CC05-003 AAO7630 103.63 106.68 Dwb CS -0.69 0.46 15.61 0.61 100.58 109.73 5.00 0.01 0.40 0.09
CC05-003 AAO7632 109.73 112.78 Dwb CS -1.45 0.46 16.07 0.61 109.73 118.87 15.00 0.01 0.64 0.05
CC05-003 AAO7634 115.82 118.87 Dwb CS 109.73 118.87 15.00 0.01 0.64 0.05
CC05-003 AAO7636 121.92 124.97 Dwb CS 0.60 0.46 17.84 0.61 118.87 128.02 8.00 0.01 0.30 0.04
CC05-003 AAO7638 128.02 131.06 Dwb CS 0.80 0.46 22.37 0.61 128.02 137.16 2.00 0.01 0.43 0.07
CC05-003 AAO7640 134.11 137.16 Dwb CS -0.53 0.77 18.79 0.74 128.02 137.16 2.00 0.01 0.43 0.07
CC05-003 AAO7642 140.21 143.26 Dwb CS -1.05 0.46 16.86 0.61 137.16 146.30 7.00 0.01 1.06 0.16
CC05-003 AAO7644 146.30 149.35 Dwb CS 146.30 155.45 14.00 0.01 1.17 0.13
CC05-003 AAO7646 152.40 155.45 Unk IU -0.02 0.46 17.43 0.61 146.30 155.45 14.00 0.01 1.17 0.13
CC05-003 AAO7648 158.50 161.54 Unk CS -3.02 0.46 14.38 0.61 155.45 164.59 13.00 0.01 1.26 0.28
CC05-003 AAO7652 164.59 167.64 Unk CS -2.18 0.46 16.98 0.61 164.59 173.74 16.00 0.02 2.33 0.30
CC05-003 AAO7654 170.69 173.74 Srm SL -3.91 0.46 16.72 0.61 164.59 173.74 16.00 0.02 2.33 0.30
Table D3. continued. Pulped rock geology, geochemistry andδ18O-δ13C compositions.
δ18O
‰
CC05-003 AAO7656 176.78 179.83 Srm SL -3.54 0.46 19.33 0.61 173.74 182.88 14.00 0.01 2.21 0.27
CC05-003 AAO7658 182.88 185.93 Srm SL -4.00 0.46 19.30 0.61 182.88 192.02 17.00 0.01 2.22 0.11
CC05-003 AAO7660 188.98 192.02 Srm SL -3.24 0.46 18.24 0.61 182.88 192.02 17.00 0.01 2.22 0.11
CC05-003 AAO7662 195.07 198.12 Srm SL -3.28 0.46 19.66 0.61 192.02 201.17 13.00 0.01 2.79 0.05
CC05-003 AAO7664 201.17 204.22 Srm SL -2.27 0.77 18.00 0.74 201.17 210.31 16.00 0.01 1.08 0.04
CC05-003 AAO7666 207.26 210.31 Srm SL -2.43 0.77 16.41 0.74 201.17 210.31 16.00 0.01 1.08 0.04
CC05-003 AAO7668 213.36 216.41 Srm SL -2.45 0.46 12.49 0.61 210.31 219.46 20.00 0.01 1.72 0.32
CC05-003 AAO7670 219.46 222.50 Srm SL -2.73 0.46 16.71 0.61 219.46 228.60 26.00 0.01 1.83 0.25
CC05-003 AAO7672 225.55 228.60 Srm SL 219.46 228.60 26.00 0.01 1.83 0.25
CC05-003 AAO7674 231.65 234.70 Srm SL -1.98 0.46 16.37 0.61 228.60 237.74 19.00 0.01 1.66 0.06
CC05-003 AAO7676 237.74 240.79 Srm SL 0.14 0.46 11.93 0.61 237.74 246.89 15.00 0.01 1.32 0.19
CC05-003 AAO7678 243.84 246.89 Srm SL -0.91 0.46 15.67 0.61 237.74 246.89 15.00 0.01 1.32 0.19
CC05-003 AAO7682 249.94 252.98 Srm SL -1.30 0.46 14.71 0.61 246.89 256.03 41.00 0.23 4.95 0.40
250
CC05-003 AAO7684 256.03 259.08 Srm SL -1.52 0.46 8.52 0.61 256.03 265.18 18.00 0.20 5.39 0.32
CC05-003 AAO7686 262.13 265.18 Srm CS 256.03 265.18 18.00 0.20 5.39 0.32
CC05-003 AAO7688 268.22 271.27 Srm CS -1.95 0.46 12.81 0.61 265.18 274.32 6.00 0.05 2.57 0.26
CC05-003 AAO7690 274.32 277.37 Srm CS -1.95 0.46 15.60 0.61 274.32 283.46 38.00 0.07 4.72 0.36
CC05-003 AAO7692 280.42 283.46 Srm SL -0.61 0.46 14.36 0.61 274.32 283.46 38.00 0.07 4.72 0.36
CC05-003 AAO7694 286.51 289.56 Srm SL -1.43 0.46 8.30 0.61 283.46 292.61 89.00 3.04 21.10 0.83
CC05-003 AAO7696 292.61 295.66 Srm SL -0.11 0.46 6.89 0.61 292.61 301.75 15.00 0.42 7.04 0.11
CC05-003 AAO7698 298.70 301.75 Srm SL -0.49 0.46 7.19 0.61 292.61 301.75 15.00 0.42 7.04 0.11
CC05-003 AAO7700 304.80 307.85 Srm SL 0.46 0.77 10.02 0.74 301.75 310.90 3.00 0.13 4.07 0.06
CC05-003 AAO7702 310.90 313.94 Srm SL 310.90 320.04 15.00 0.42 7.28 0.08
CC05-003 AAO7704 316.99 320.04 Srm SL 310.90 320.04 15.00 0.42 7.28 0.08
CC05-003 AAO7706 323.09 326.14 Srm SL 0.48 0.77 9.89 0.74 320.04 329.18 24.00 0.31 5.09 0.18
CC05-003 AAO7710 329.18 332.23 Srm SL -0.37 0.77 11.23 0.74 329.18 338.33 15.00 0.17 6.89 0.17
CC05-003 AAO7712 335.28 338.33 Srm SL -1.21 0.77 9.68 0.74 329.18 338.33 15.00 0.17 6.89 0.17
CC05-003 AAO7714 341.38 344.42 Srm SL 338.33 347.47 16.00 0.10 4.82 0.12
CC05-003 AAO7716 347.47 350.52 Srm SL -2.77 0.77 19.01 0.74 347.47 356.62 13.00 0.10 2.92 0.08
CC05-003 AAO7718 353.57 356.62 Srm SL -3.23 0.77 17.80 0.74 347.47 356.62 13.00 0.10 2.92 0.08
Table D3. continued. Pulped rock geology, geochemistry and δ18O-δ13C compositions.
δ18O
‰
CC05-003 AAO7720 359.66 362.71 Srm SL 356.62 365.76 17.00 0.08 3.09 0.07
CC05-003 AAO7722 365.76 368.81 Srm SL 365.76 374.90 2.00 0.06 1.32 0.03
CC05-003 AAO7724 371.86 374.90 Ohc DO 365.76 374.90 2.00 0.06 1.32 0.03
CC05-003 AAO7726 377.95 381.00 Ohc DO 374.90 384.05 17.00 0.06 1.64 0.05
CC05-003 AAO7728 384.05 387.10 Ohc DO 384.05 393.19 19.00 0.03 2.63 0.18
CC05-003 AAO7730 390.14 393.19 Ohc MB -0.74 0.77 13.72 0.74 384.05 393.19 19.00 0.03 2.63 0.18
CC05-003 AAO7732 396.24 399.29 Ohc MB 393.19 402.34 144.00 0.10 12.60 0.53
CC05-003 AAO7734 402.34 405.38 Ohc MB 402.34 411.48 50.00 0.04 4.66 0.20
CC05-003 AAO7736 408.43 411.48 Ohc MB -0.46 0.77 17.32 0.74 402.34 411.48 50.00 0.04 4.66 0.20
CC05-003 AAO7740 414.53 417.58 Ohc MB -0.63 0.77 11.34 0.74 411.48 420.62 92.00 0.04 7.54 0.22
CC05-003 AAO7742 420.62 423.67 Ohc MB 420.62 429.77 75.00 0.03 7.83 0.20
CC05-003 AAO7744 426.72 429.77 Ohc MI 0.22 0.77 10.62 0.74 420.62 429.77 75.00 0.03 7.83 0.20
CC05-003 AAO7746 432.82 435.86 Ohc MI 0.10 0.77 11.61 0.74 429.77 438.91 22.00 0.03 2.51 0.12
251
CC05-003 AAO7748 438.91 441.96 Ohc CS 0.34 0.77 14.66 0.74 438.91 448.06 43.00 0.09 4.64 0.42
CC05-003 AAO7750 445.01 448.06 Ohc CS -0.20 0.77 17.88 0.74 438.91 448.06 43.00 0.09 4.64 0.42
CC05-003 AAO7752 451.10 454.15 Int QP -1.57 0.77 16.71 0.74 448.06 457.20 6.40 0.07 1.14 0.18
CC05-003 AAO7754 457.20 460.25 Ohc SM 0.65 0.77 14.70 0.74 457.20 466.34 28.00 0.11 3.56 0.05
CC05-003 AAO7756 463.30 466.34 Ohc SM 0.70 0.77 6.39 0.74 457.20 466.34 28.00 0.11 3.56 0.05
CC05-003 AAO7758 469.39 472.44 Ohc SM -0.39 0.77 6.69 0.74 466.34 475.49 2.00 0.01 0.55 0.02
CC05-003 AAO7760 475.49 478.54 Ohc SL -0.75 0.77 17.48 0.74 475.49 484.63 11.00 0.02 1.34 0.08
CC05-003 AAO7762 481.58 484.63 Ohc SM 0.57 0.77 21.40 0.74 475.49 484.63 11.00 0.02 1.34 0.08
CC05-003 AAO7764 487.68 490.73 Ohc SM 1.16 0.77 21.50 0.74 484.63 493.78 3.00 0.01 0.38 0.04
CC05-003 AAO7765 490.73 493.78 Ohc SM 484.63 493.78 3.00 0.01 0.38 0.04
CC05-003 AAO7770 499.87 502.92 Ohc DO 493.78 502.92 24.00 0.05 13.90 0.06
CC05-003 AAO7772 505.97 509.02 Ohc DO 502.92 512.06 6.00 0.04 7.57 0.02
CC05-003 AAO7774 512.06 515.11 Ohc DO 512.06 521.21 2.00 0.02 2.83 0.02
CC05-003 AAO7776 518.16 521.21 Ohc DO 0.71 0.77 23.84 0.74 512.06 521.21 2.00 0.02 2.83 0.02
CC05-003 AAO7778 524.26 527.30 Ohc DO 0.40 0.77 22.28 0.74 521.21 527.30 2.00 0.01 1.15 0.03
CC05-003 AAO7768 493.78 496.82 Ohc Sm 0.71 0.77 22.81 0.74 493.78 502.92 24.00 0.05 13.90 0.06
δ18O
‰
CH04-051 AAL7892 0.00 3.05 Dwb MI -1.19 0.60 10.72 0.48 0.00 9.14 289.00 0.58 8.20 0.37
CH04-051 AAL7894 6.10 9.14 Dwb MI 0.42 0.60 13.12 0.48 0.00 9.14 289.00 0.58 8.20 0.37
CH04-051 AAL7896 12.19 15.24 Dwb MI 0.13 0.60 13.21 0.48 9.14 18.29 323.00 0.63 4.41 0.85
CH04-051 AAL7898 18.29 21.34 Dwb MI 0.51 0.60 10.97 0.48 18.29 27.43 285.00 0.87 6.41 0.45
CH04-051 AAL7900 24.38 27.43 Dwb MI 1.18 0.60 12.14 0.48 18.29 27.43 285.00 0.87 6.41 0.45
CH04-051 AAL7902 30.48 33.53 Dwb MI 1.00 0.15 14.07 0.60 27.43 36.58 158.00 0.41 4.08 0.16
CH04-051 AAL7904 36.58 39.62 Dwb MI 1.73 0.15 14.48 0.60 36.58 45.72 71.00 0.17 2.36 0.09
CH04-051 AAL7906 42.67 45.72 Dwb SL 1.53 0.15 13.81 0.60 36.58 45.72 71.00 0.17 2.36 0.09
CH04-051 AAL7908 48.77 51.82 Dwb MI 0.84 0.15 15.65 0.60 45.72 54.86 53.00 0.04 1.16 0.05
CH04-051 AAL7910 54.86 57.91 Dwb MI 0.94 0.15 19.61 0.60 54.86 64.01 20.00 0.02 0.65 0.08
CH04-051 AAL7912 60.96 64.01 Dwb MI 0.79 0.15 20.62 0.60 54.86 64.01 20.00 0.02 0.65 0.08
CH04-051 AAL7916 67.06 70.10 Dwb SL -0.37 0.15 21.61 0.60 64.01 73.15 8.00 0.03 0.47 0.10
CH04-051 AAL7918 73.15 76.20 Dwb SL -0.90 0.15 19.73 0.60 73.15 82.30 14.00 0.03 1.30 0.21
252
CH04-051 AAL7920 79.25 82.30 Dwb SL -1.58 0.15 20.98 0.60 73.15 82.30 14.00 0.03 1.30 0.21
CH04-051 AAL7922 85.34 88.39 Dwb SL -1.43 0.15 21.05 0.60 82.30 91.44 12.00 0.03 1.19 0.26
CH04-051 AAL7924 91.44 94.49 Dwb SL 0.17 0.15 22.33 0.60 91.44 100.58 9.00 0.03 0.72 0.25
CH04-051 AAL7926 97.54 100.58 Dwb SL -1.67 0.15 20.23 0.60 91.44 100.58 9.00 0.03 0.72 0.25
CH04-051 AAL7928 103.63 106.68 Dwb SL -1.96 0.15 21.30 0.60 100.58 109.73 9.00 0.04 0.97 0.20
CH04-051 AAL7930 109.73 112.78 Dwb SL -1.20 0.15 22.43 0.60 109.73 118.87 16.00 0.04 0.89 0.13
CH04-051 AAL7932 115.82 118.87 Dwb SL -2.07 0.15 19.84 0.60 109.73 118.87 16.00 0.04 0.89 0.13
CH04-051 AAL7934 121.92 124.97 Dwb MI -0.98 0.15 20.92 0.60 118.87 128.02 16.00 0.13 1.32 0.10
CH04-051 AAL7938 128.02 131.06 Dwb MI -0.90 0.15 17.55 0.60 128.02 137.16 23.00 0.15 1.50 0.07
CH04-051 AAL7940 134.11 137.16 Dwb MI -0.84 0.15 18.37 0.60 128.02 137.16 23.00 0.15 1.50 0.07
CH04-051 AAL7942 140.21 143.26 Dwb MI -0.31 0.15 18.69 0.60 137.16 146.30 9.00 0.04 0.79 0.07
CH04-051 AAL7944 146.30 149.35 Dwb CS 0.52 0.15 19.05 0.60 146.30 155.45 4.00 0.02 0.54 0.06
CH04-051 AAL7946 152.40 155.45 Dwb MI 146.30 155.45 4.00 0.02 0.54 0.06
CH04-051 AAL7948 158.50 161.54 Dwb MI 0.54 0.15 19.69 0.60 155.45 164.59 5.00 0.02 0.47 0.08
CH04-051 AAL7950 164.59 167.64 Dwb MI -0.02 0.15 18.10 0.60 164.59 173.74 4.00 0.03 0.45 0.08
CH04-051 AAL7952 170.69 173.74 Dwb MI 2.06 0.15 23.88 0.60 164.59 173.74 4.00 0.03 0.45 0.08
δ18O
‰
CH04-051 AAL7954 176.78 179.83 Dwb MI 1.15 0.61 23.60 1.49 173.74 182.88 4.00 0.04 0.67 0.11
CH04-051 AAL7956 182.88 185.93 Dwb MI 182.88 192.02 6.00 0.07 1.22 0.09
CH04-051 AAL7958 188.98 192.02 Dwb MI 0.58 0.15 16.06 0.60 182.88 192.02 6.00 0.07 1.22 0.09
CH04-051 AAL7962 195.07 198.12 Dwb MI 192.02 201.17 21.00 0.14 3.30 0.05
CH04-051 AAL7964 201.17 204.22 Dwb MI 1.59 0.15 16.87 0.60 201.17 210.31 21.00 0.08 1.62 0.02
CH04-051 AAL7966 207.26 210.31 Dwb SL 1.60 0.15 15.50 0.60 201.17 210.31 21.00 0.08 1.62 0.02
CH04-051 AAL7968 213.36 216.41 Dwb SL 210.31 219.46 72.00 0.44 9.37 0.18
CH04-051 AAL7970 219.46 222.50 Dwb MI 0.96 0.15 15.19 0.60 219.46 228.60 19.00 0.09 2.51 0.07
CH04-051 AAL7972 225.55 228.60 Srm MI 0.94 0.15 17.48 0.60 219.46 228.60 19.00 0.09 2.51 0.07
CH04-051 AAL7974 231.65 234.70 Srm MI 228.60 237.74 8.00 0.04 1.51 0.24
CH04-051 AAL7976 237.74 240.79 Srm MI 237.74 246.89 10.00 0.02 2.94 0.26
CH04-051 AAL7978 243.84 246.89 Srm SL 237.74 246.89 10.00 0.02 2.94 0.26
CH04-051 AAL7980 249.94 252.98 Srm SL 0.14 0.15 19.03 0.60 246.89 256.03 7.00 0.03 2.22 0.24
253
CH04-051 AAL7984 256.03 259.08 Srm SL 256.03 265.18 11.40 0.06 1.37 0.18
CH04-051 AAL7986 262.13 265.18 Srm SL 256.03 265.18 11.40 0.06 1.37 0.18
CH04-051 AAL7988 268.22 271.27 Srm SL 0.51 0.15 13.83 0.60 265.18 274.32 10.00 0.03 1.42 0.21
CH04-051 AAL7990 274.32 277.37 Srm SL 274.32 283.46 3.00 0.02 0.90 0.20
CH04-051 AAL7992 280.42 283.46 Srm SL 274.32 283.46 3.00 0.02 0.90 0.20
CH04-051 AAL7994 286.51 289.56 Srm SL 0.99 0.15 19.85 0.60 283.46 292.61 4.00 0.03 0.89 0.21
CH04-051 AAL7996 292.61 295.66 Srm SL -0.06 0.15 12.01 0.60 292.61 301.75 19.00 0.22 1.33 0.13
CH04-051 AAL7998 298.70 301.75 Srm SL -0.11 0.15 14.60 0.60 292.61 301.75 19.00 0.22 1.33 0.13
CH04-051 AAL8000 304.80 307.85 Srm SL -0.26 0.15 17.98 0.60 301.75 310.90 2.00 0.02 1.08 0.21
CH04-051 AAL8002 310.90 313.94 Int IU 310.90 320.04 12.00 0.02 1.55 0.32
CH04-051 AAL8004 316.99 320.04 Srm SL 310.90 320.04 12.00 0.02 1.55 0.32
CH04-051 AAL8008 323.09 326.14 Srm SL -1.32 0.15 17.32 0.60 320.04 329.18 8.00 0.01 1.72 0.32
CH04-051 AAL8010 329.18 332.23 Srm SL 329.18 338.33 7.00 0.01 1.41 0.32
CH04-051 AAL8012 335.28 338.33 Srm SL -0.94 0.65 19.79 0.67 329.18 338.33 7.00 0.01 1.41 0.32
CH04-051 AAL8014 341.38 344.42 Srm SL -1.15 0.65 17.81 0.67 338.33 347.47 9.00 0.02 1.57 0.28
CH04-051 AAL8016 347.47 350.52 Srm SL 347.47 356.62 15.00 0.04 1.81 0.33
δ18O
‰
CH04-051 AAL8018 353.57 356.62 Srm SL 0.80 0.65 16.04 0.67 347.47 356.62 15.00 0.04 1.81 0.33
CH04-051 AAL8020 359.66 362.71 Srm LS -0.12 0.65 15.12 0.67 356.62 365.76 6.00 0.04 1.46 0.23
CH04-051 AAL8022 365.76 368.81 Srm SL 0.44 0.65 18.67 0.67 365.76 374.90 7.00 0.01 1.16 0.24
CH04-051 AAL8024 371.86 374.90 Srm SL 365.76 374.90 7.00 0.01 1.16 0.24
CH04-051 AAL8026 377.95 381.00 Srm SL 374.90 384.05 6.00 0.01 0.95 0.15
CH04-051 AAL8030 384.05 387.10 Srm SL 0.24 0.65 18.59 0.68 384.05 393.19 3.00 0.02 0.90 0.18
CH04-051 AAL8032 390.14 393.19 Srm QP 384.05 393.19 3.00 0.02 0.90 0.18
CH04-051 AAL8034 396.24 399.29 Int IU 393.19 402.34 14.00 0.07 1.36 0.18
CH04-051 AAL8036 402.34 405.38 Int IU 402.34 411.48 6.20 0.04 0.91 0.10
CH04-051 AAL8038 408.43 411.48 Int IU 402.34 411.48 6.20 0.04 0.91 0.10
CH04-051 AAL8040 414.53 417.58 Srm Sl -0.55 0.65 17.59 0.67 411.48 420.62 3.00 0.02 1.08 0.24
CH04-051 AAL8042 420.62 423.67 Srm SL -0.79 0.65 16.89 0.67 420.62 429.77 30.00 0.08 5.36 0.28
CH04-051 AAL8044 426.72 429.77 Srm SL 0.33 0.65 19.52 0.67 420.62 429.77 30.00 0.08 5.36 0.28
254
CH04-051 AAL8046 432.82 435.86 Srm SL 429.77 438.91 30.00 0.19 3.93 0.34
CH04-051 AAL8048 438.91 441.96 Srm SL -0.12 0.65 17.76 0.67 438.91 448.06 7.00 0.06 2.64 0.14
CH04-051 AAL8050 445.01 448.06 Srm SL 438.91 448.06 7.00 0.06 2.64 0.14
CH04-051 AAL8054 451.10 454.15 Srm SL 0.65 0.65 16.50 0.67 448.06 457.20 9.00 0.09 2.78 0.14
CH04-051 AAL8056 457.20 460.25 Srm SL -0.83 0.65 10.16 0.67 457.20 466.34 27.00 0.15 4.40 0.15
CH04-051 AAL8058 463.30 466.34 Srm SL 0.70 0.65 11.38 0.67 457.20 466.34 27.00 0.15 4.40 0.15
CH04-051 AAL8060 469.39 472.44 Srm SL 466.34 475.49 11.00 0.16 3.24 0.07
CH04-051 AAL8061 472.44 475.49 Srm SL 466.34 475.49 11.00 0.16 3.24 0.07
CH04-051 AAL8062 475.49 478.54 Srm SL 1.15 0.65 13.65 0.67 475.49 484.63 15.00 0.13 3.12 0.09
CH04-051 AAL8063 478.54 481.58 Srm SL 475.49 484.63 15.00 0.13 3.12 0.09
CH04-051 AAL8064 481.58 484.63 Srm SL 0.99 0.65 12.62 0.67 475.49 484.63 15.00 0.13 3.12 0.09
CH04-051 AAL8065 484.63 487.68 Srm SL 484.63 493.78 24.00 1.21 3.96 0.13
CH04-051 AAL8066 487.68 490.73 Srm SL 484.63 493.78 24.00 1.21 3.96 0.13
CH04-051 AAL8068 493.78 496.82 Srm SL -0.86 0.65 8.93 0.67 493.78 502.92 17.00 0.39 5.81 0.13
CH04-051 AAL8070 499.87 502.92 Srm SL 0.08 0.65 11.32 0.67 493.78 502.92 17.00 0.39 5.81 0.13
CH04-051 AAL8072 505.97 509.02 Srm SL -0.25 0.65 12.59 0.67 502.92 512.06 16.00 0.37 5.96 0.15
δ18O
‰
CH04-051 AAL8076 512.06 515.11 Srm SL -0.18 0.65 12.59 0.67 512.06 521.21 9.00 0.28 4.77 0.13
CH04-051 AAL8078 518.16 521.21 Srm SL -1.30 0.65 13.71 0.67 512.06 521.21 9.00 0.28 4.77 0.13
CH04-051 AAL8080 524.26 527.30 Srm SL 521.21 530.35 36.00 0.79 4.12 0.16
CH04-051 AAL8081 527.30 530.35 Srm SL 521.21 530.35 36.00 0.79 4.12 0.16
CH04-051 AAL8082 530.35 533.40 Srm SL 0.55 0.67 10.09 0.67 530.35 539.50 110.00 1.61 7.93 0.32
CH04-051 AAL8083 533.40 536.45 Srm SL 530.35 539.50 110.00 1.61 7.93 0.32
CH04-051 AAL8084 536.45 539.50 Srm SL 530.35 539.50 110.00 1.61 7.93 0.32
CH04-051 AAL8085 539.50 542.54 Srm SL 539.50 548.64 48.30 0.55 10.95 0.07
CH04-051 AAL8086 542.54 545.59 Int IU 539.50 548.64 48.30 0.55 10.95 0.07
CH04-051 AAL8087 545.59 548.64 Srm SL 539.50 548.64 48.30 0.55 10.95 0.07
CH04-051 AAL8088 548.64 551.69 Int QP 548.64 557.78 61.70 0.33 7.34 0.07
CH04-051 AAL8089 551.69 554.74 Int QP 548.64 557.78 61.70 0.33 7.34 0.07
CH04-051 AAL8090 554.74 557.78 Srm SL 548.64 557.78 61.70 0.33 7.34 0.07
255
CH04-051 AAL8091 557.78 560.83 Srm SL 557.78 566.93 178.00 0.92 24.10 0.24
CH04-051 AAL8092 560.83 563.88 Srm SL -0.81 0.65 18.99 0.67 557.78 566.93 178.00 0.92 24.10 0.24
CH04-051 AAL8094 566.93 569.98 Ohc DO 0.48 0.90 21.81 0.64 566.93 576.07 14.00 0.18 2.97 0.05
CH04-051 AAL8096 573.02 576.07 Ohc DO -0.56 0.90 21.22 0.64 566.93 576.07 14.00 0.18 2.97 0.05
CH04-051 AAL8099 576.07 579.12 Ohc DO 576.07 585.22 28.00 0.26 5.97 0.30
CH04-051 AAL8100 579.12 582.17 Ohc DO 576.07 585.22 28.00 0.26 5.97 0.30
CH04-051 AAL8102 585.22 588.26 Ohc DO 1.03 0.90 23.05 0.64 585.22 594.36 14.00 0.09 1.90 0.11
CH04-051 AAL8104 591.31 594.36 Ohc DO 0.64 0.90 21.93 0.64 585.22 594.36 14.00 0.09 1.90 0.11
CH04-051 AAL8106 597.41 600.46 Ohc DO 0.79 0.90 21.02 0.64 594.36 603.50 2.00 0.06 0.97 0.07
CH04-051 AAL8108 603.50 606.55 Ohc DO 0.67 0.90 18.14 0.64 603.50 612.65 16.00 0.06 1.21 0.05
CH04-051 AAL8110 609.60 612.65 Ohc SL 0.35 0.90 16.75 0.64 603.50 612.65 16.00 0.06 1.21 0.05
CH04-051 AAL8112 615.70 618.74 Ohc SL 1.80 0.90 16.05 0.64 612.65 621.79 10.00 0.05 1.14 0.04
CH04-051 AAL8114 621.79 624.84 Ohc SL 0.09 0.90 15.28 0.64 621.79 630.94 15.00 0.10 1.63 0.08
CH04-051 AAL8116 627.89 630.94 Ohc SL 0.37 0.90 17.48 0.64 621.79 630.94 15.00 0.10 1.63 0.08
CH04-051 AAL8118 633.98 637.03 Ohc SL 0.26 0.90 17.91 0.64 630.94 640.08 27.00 0.62 6.77 0.40
CH04-051 AAL8122 640.08 643.13 Ohc SL -0.96 0.90 17.27 0.64 640.08 649.22 56.00 5.98 104.00 0.39
δ18O
‰
CH04-051 AAL8124 646.18 649.22 Ohc SL 0.45 0.90 15.45 0.64 640.08 649.22 56.00 5.98 104.00 0.39
CH04-051 AAL8126 652.27 655.32 Ohc SL 0.23 0.90 15.13 0.64 649.22 658.37 3.00 0.09 1.82 0.07
CH04-051 AAL8128 658.37 661.42 Ohc SL -0.32 0.90 13.34 0.64 658.37 667.51 7.00 0.06 1.30 0.08
CH04-051 AAL8130 664.46 667.51 Ohc SL 0.02 0.90 15.32 0.64 658.37 667.51 7.00 0.06 1.30 0.08
CH04-051 AAL8132 670.56 673.61 Ohc SL 0.49 0.90 16.51 0.64 667.51 676.66 14.00 0.22 4.92 0.44
CH04-051 AAL8133 673.61 676.66 Ohc SL 667.51 676.66 14.00 0.22 4.92 0.44
CH04-051 AAL8134 676.66 679.70 Int QP 676.66 685.80 54.40 0.36 5.23 0.31
CH04-051 AAL8136 682.75 685.80 Int QP 676.66 685.80 54.40 0.36 5.23 0.31
CH04-051 AAL8137 685.80 688.85 Int QP 685.80 694.94 15.70 0.17 2.49 0.09
CH04-051 AAL8138 688.85 691.90 Int QP 0.76 0.90 14.62 0.64 685.80 694.94 15.70 0.17 2.49 0.09
CH04-051 AAL8140 694.94 697.99 Ohc SL 2.16 0.90 15.78 0.64 694.94 704.09 123.00 0.40 14.65 0.92
CH04-051 AAL8142 701.04 704.09 Ohc DO 0.95 0.90 21.08 0.64 694.94 704.09 123.00 0.40 14.65 0.92
CH04-051 AAL8146 707.14 710.18 Ohc DO 0.22 0.90 22.15 0.64 704.09 713.23 8.00 0.05 1.28 0.08
256
CH04-051 AAL8148 713.23 716.28 Ohc DO 0.38 0.90 22.06 0.64 713.23 722.38 14.00 0.08 32.70 0.11
CH04-051 AAL8150 719.33 722.38 Ohc DO -1.18 0.90 20.72 0.64 713.23 722.38 14.00 0.08 32.70 0.11
CH04-051 AAL8152 725.42 728.47 Ohc DO -0.76 0.90 20.19 0.64 722.38 731.52 18.00 0.08 7.55 0.08
CH04-051 AAL8154 731.52 734.57 Ohc DO -1.08 0.90 16.86 0.64 731.52 740.66 46.40 0.10 2.47 0.12
CH04-051 AAL8156 737.62 740.66 Int QP 731.52 740.66 46.40 0.10 2.47 0.12
CH04-051 AAL8157 740.66 743.71 Int-Srm QP 740.66 749.81 17.00 0.13 5.36 0.13
CH04-051 AAL8158 743.71 746.76 Srm SL 740.66 749.81 17.00 0.13 5.36 0.13
CH04-051 AAL8159 746.76 749.81 Srm SL 740.66 749.81 17.00 0.13 5.36 0.13
CH04-051 AAL8160 749.81 752.86 Srm SL 749.81 758.95 2.00 0.08 3.49 0.13
CH04-051 AAL8161 752.86 755.90 Srm SL 749.81 758.95 2.00 0.08 3.49 0.13
CH04-051 AAL8162 755.90 758.95 Int QP 749.81 758.95 2.00 0.08 3.49 0.13
CH04-051 AAL8163 758.95 762.00 Srm SL 758.95 768.10 18.00 0.11 4.14 0.08
CH04-051 AAL8164 762.00 765.05 Srm SL -1.49 0.90 17.53 0.64 758.95 768.10 18.00 0.11 4.14 0.08
CH04-051 AAL8168 768.10 771.14 Ohc SL -2.70 0.90 12.66 0.64 768.10 777.24 19.00 0.30 9.92 0.08
CH04-051 AAL8170 774.19 777.24 Ohc DO 0.43 0.90 20.19 0.64 768.10 777.24 19.00 0.30 9.92 0.08
CH04-051 AAL8172 780.29 783.34 Ohc DO 777.24 786.38 7.00 0.45 11.50 0.04
δ18O
‰
CH04-051 AAL8173 783.34 786.38 Ohc DO 777.24 786.38 7.00 0.45 11.50 0.04
CH04-051 AAL8174 786.38 789.43 Ohc DO 0.84 0.90 21.09 0.64 786.38 792.48 3.00 0.06 1.88 0.06
CH04-052 AAB6781 0.00 3.05 Dwb CS -0.37 0.66 25.28 0.55 0.00 9.14 27.00 0.01 2.48 0.17
CH04-052 AAB6783 6.10 9.14 Dwb CS 0.87 0.66 22.84 0.55 6.10 9.14 27.00 0.01 2.48 0.17
CH04-052 AAB6785 12.19 15.24 Dwb CS -3.33 0.66 19.98 0.55 12.19 18.29 52.00 0.01 11.55 0.19
CH04-052 AAB6787 18.29 21.34 Dwb CS 0.15 0.66 20.64 0.55 18.29 27.43 41.00 0.01 9.44 0.11
CH04-052 AAB6789 24.38 27.43 Dwb CS 0.58 0.66 17.92 0.55 24.38 27.43 41.00 0.01 9.44 0.11
CH04-052 AAB6791 30.48 33.53 Dwb CS 0.21 0.66 16.21 0.55 30.48 36.58 49.00 0.01 20.30 0.17
CH04-052 AAB6795 36.58 39.62 Dwb CS -3.46 0.66 13.85 0.55 36.58 45.72 41.00 0.01 15.30 0.12
CH04-052 AAB6797 42.67 45.72 Dwb CS 0.60 0.66 22.49 0.55 42.67 45.72 41.00 0.01 15.30 0.12
CH04-052 AAB6799 48.77 51.82 Dwb CS -0.00 0.66 16.33 0.55 48.77 54.86 55.00 0.01 28.50 0.18
CH04-052 AAB6801 54.86 57.91 Dwb CS 1.09 0.66 19.57 0.55 54.86 64.01 94.00 0.01 34.00 0.20
257
CH04-052 AAB6803 60.96 64.01 Dwb CS 0.52 0.66 20.15 0.55 60.96 64.01 94.00 0.01 34.00 0.20
CH04-052 AAB6805 67.06 70.10 Dwb CS -2.25 0.66 22.86 0.55 67.06 73.15 51.00 0.02 22.40 0.10
CH04-052 AAB6807 73.15 76.20 Dwb CS -4.72 0.66 16.63 0.55 73.15 82.30 59.00 0.01 25.90 0.16
CH04-052 AAB6809 79.25 82.30 Dwb CS 0.69 0.66 16.24 0.55 79.25 82.30 59.00 0.01 25.90 0.16
CH04-052 AAB6811 85.34 88.39 Dwb CS 0.14 0.66 19.46 0.55 85.34 91.44 71.00 0.01 32.90 0.20
CH04-052 AAB6813 91.44 94.49 Dwb CS 1.67 0.66 17.98 0.55 91.44 100.58 97.00 0.01 38.80 0.20
CH04-052 AAB6815 97.54 100.58 Dwb CS -0.36 0.66 21.04 0.55 97.54 100.58 97.00 0.01 38.80 0.20
CH04-052 AAB6817 103.63 106.68 Dwb CS -0.83 0.66 20.12 0.55 103.63 109.73 124.00 0.01 48.10 0.23
CH04-052 AAB6819 109.73 112.78 Dwb CS 1.68 0.66 15.98 0.55 109.73 118.87 89.00 0.01 46.80 0.21
CH04-052 AAB6821 115.82 118.87 Dwb CS 1.69 0.79 18.69 0.77 115.82 118.87 89.00 0.01 46.80 0.21
CH04-052 AAB6823 121.92 124.97 Dwb CS 1.08 0.79 19.33 0.77 121.92 128.02 86.00 0.01 55.70 0.21
CH04-052 AAB6827 128.02 131.06 Dwb CS -0.10 0.79 16.09 0.77 128.02 137.16 128.00 0.01 65.10 0.23
CH04-052 AAB6829 134.11 137.16 Dwb CS -3.64 0.79 14.78 0.77 134.11 137.16 128.00 0.01 65.10 0.23
CH04-052 AAB6831 140.21 143.26 Dwb CS 0.20 0.79 17.96 0.77 140.21 146.30 78.00 0.01 40.20 0.27
CH04-052 AAB6833 146.30 149.35 Dwb CS -4.07 0.79 10.59 0.77 146.30 155.45 84.00 0.01 36.90 0.29
CH04-052 AAB6835 152.40 155.45 Dwb CS 0.72 0.79 17.55 0.77 152.40 155.45 84.00 0.01 36.90 0.29
δ18O
‰
CH04-052 AAB6837 158.50 161.54 Dwb CS 0.00 0.79 14.17 0.77 158.50 164.59 61.00 0.16 12.85 0.06
CH04-052 AAB6839 164.59 167.64 Dwb CS -1.80 0.79 13.08 0.77 164.59 173.74 84.00 0.17 18.95 0.11
CH04-052 AAB6841 170.69 173.74 Dwb CS -0.72 0.79 12.91 0.77 170.69 173.74 84.00 0.17 18.95 0.11
CH04-052 AAB6843 176.78 179.83 Dwb CS -2.99 0.79 14.95 0.77 176.78 182.88 69.00 0.14 17.65 0.10
CH04-052 AAB6845 182.88 185.93 Dwb CS -0.70 0.79 13.41 0.77 182.88 192.02 66.00 0.07 12.65 0.07
CH04-052 AAB6847 188.98 192.02 Dwb CS -0.66 0.79 14.46 0.77 188.98 192.02 66.00 0.07 12.65 0.07
CH04-052 AAB6849 195.07 198.12 Dwb CS -4.37 0.79 17.09 0.77 195.07 201.17 25.00 0.02 5.29 0.18
CH04-052 AAB6851 201.17 204.22 Dwb CS -1.49 0.79 21.08 0.77 201.17 210.31 10.00 0.01 1.48 0.13
CH04-052 AAB6853 207.26 210.31 Dwb CS -0.50 0.79 19.86 0.77 207.26 210.31 10.00 0.01 1.48 0.13
CH04-052 AAB6857 213.36 216.41 Dwb CS -2.92 0.79 19.40 0.77 213.36 219.46 8.00 0.07 1.35 0.08
CH04-052 AAB6859 219.46 222.50 Dwb CS 0.54 0.79 22.81 0.77 219.46 228.60 8.00 0.01 1.04 0.08
CH04-052 AAB6861 225.55 228.60 Dwb CS 1.11 0.79 22.60 0.77 225.55 228.60 8.00 0.01 1.04 0.08
CH04-052 AAB6863 231.65 234.70 Dwb CS -1.79 0.76 21.22 0.69 231.65 237.74 133.00 0.10 3.85 0.07
258
CH04-052 AAB6865 237.74 240.79 Dwb SL -4.40 0.76 11.43 0.69 237.74 246.89 95.00 0.06 4.71 0.06
CH04-052 AAB6867 243.84 246.89 Dwb CS -2.56 0.76 17.76 0.69 243.84 246.89 95.00 0.06 4.71 0.06
CH04-052 AAB6869 249.94 252.98 Dwb CS -2.09 0.76 19.77 0.69 249.94 256.03 25.00 0.03 2.20 0.04
CH04-052 AAB6871 256.03 259.08 Dwb CS -0.33 0.76 16.83 0.69 256.03 265.18 28.00 0.10 3.96 0.10
CH04-052 AAB6873 262.13 265.18 Dwb CS -6.33 0.76 10.70 0.69 262.13 265.18 28.00 0.10 3.96 0.10
CH04-052 AAB6875 268.22 271.27 Dwb CS -3.46 0.76 14.05 0.69 268.22 274.32 14.00 0.10 2.96 0.27
CH04-052 AAB6877 274.32 277.37 Srm SL -3.43 0.76 20.16 0.69 274.32 283.46 9.00 0.02 1.12 0.47
CH04-052 AAB6879 280.42 283.46 Srm SL -3.65 0.76 23.29 0.69 280.42 283.46 9.00 0.02 1.12 0.47
CH04-052 AAB6881 286.51 289.56 Srm SL -2.84 0.76 23.03 0.69 286.51 292.61 9.00 0.01 1.02 0.42
CH04-052 AAB6883 292.61 295.66 Srm SL -5.30 0.76 19.64 0.69 292.61 301.75 6.00 0.02 1.29 0.52
CH04-052 AAB6885 298.70 301.75 Srm SL -2.82 0.76 23.50 0.69 298.70 301.75 6.00 0.02 1.29 0.52
CH04-052 AAB6889 304.80 307.85 Srm SL -4.36 0.76 22.69 0.69 304.80 310.90 12.00 0.01 0.84 0.42
CH04-052 AAB6891 310.90 313.94 Srm SL -4.66 0.76 21.91 0.69 310.90 320.04 11.00 0.03 1.77 0.22
CH04-052 AAB6893 316.99 320.04 Srm SL -2.55 0.76 20.68 0.69 316.99 320.04 11.00 0.03 1.77 0.22
CH04-052 AAB6895 323.09 326.14 Srm SL 323.09 329.18 8.00 0.02 1.67 0.36
CH04-052 AAB6897 329.18 332.23 Srm SL 329.18 338.33 9.00 0.01 0.87 0.41
δ18O
‰
CH04-052 AAB6899 335.28 338.33 Srm CS -2.04 0.76 17.88 0.69 335.28 338.33 9.00 0.01 0.87 0.41
CH04-052 AAB6901 341.38 344.42 Srm MB -4.52 0.76 18.36 0.69 341.38 347.47 2.00 0.01 0.39 0.50
CH04-052 AAB6903 347.47 350.52 Srm MB -4.60 0.76 17.51 0.69 347.47 356.62 3.00 0.04 0.29 0.04
CH04-052 AAB6905 353.57 356.62 Srm CS -2.82 0.76 17.39 0.69 353.57 356.62 3.00 0.04 0.29 0.04
CH04-052 AAB6907 359.66 362.71 Srm CS -2.31 0.76 16.49 0.69 359.66 365.76 8.70 0.03 0.35 0.04
CH04-052 AAB6909 365.76 368.81 Srm CS 365.76 374.90 5.80 0.02 0.73 0.07
CH04-052 AAB6911 371.86 374.90 Srm CS -2.75 0.76 16.05 0.69 371.86 374.90 5.80 0.02 0.73 0.07
CH04-052 AAB6913 377.95 381.00 Srm CS -1.36 0.76 7.89 0.69 377.95 384.05 76.00 0.17 3.00 0.28
CH04-052 AAB6915 384.05 387.10 Srm CS 2.16 0.76 2.66 0.69 384.05 393.19 170.00 0.76 15.90 1.21
CH04-052 AAB6919 390.14 393.19 Srm CS 1.02 0.76 1.85 0.69 390.14 393.19 170.00 0.76 15.90 1.21
CH04-052 AAB6921 396.24 399.29 Srm CS 0.54 0.76 3.69 0.69 396.24 402.34 33.00 0.09 2.19 0.19
CH04-052 AAB6923 402.34 405.38 Srm MB -0.41 0.76 9.57 0.69 402.34 411.48 16.00 0.05 1.65 0.13
CH04-052 AAB6925 408.43 411.48 Srm MB -0.08 0.76 7.50 0.69 408.43 411.48 16.00 0.05 1.65 0.13
259
CH04-052 AAB6927 414.53 417.58 Srm MB -1.23 0.74 16.02 1.01 414.53 420.62 6.00 0.02 1.43 0.15
CH04-052 AAB6929 420.62 423.67 Srm SL -1.07 0.74 16.83 1.01 420.62 429.77 8.00 0.02 1.24 0.13
CH04-052 AAB6931 426.72 429.77 Srm SL -2.36 0.74 16.18 1.01 426.72 429.77 8.00 0.02 1.24 0.13
CH04-052 AAB6933 432.82 435.86 Srm SL -4.55 0.74 14.55 1.01 432.82 438.91 9.00 0.02 1.96 0.14
CH04-052 AAB6935 438.91 441.96 Srm SL -2.35 0.74 14.28 1.01 438.91 448.06 54.00 0.11 8.41 0.76
CH04-052 AAB6937 445.01 448.06 Srm SL -4.13 0.74 14.57 1.01 445.01 448.06 54.00 0.11 8.41 0.76
CH04-052 AAB6939 451.10 454.15 Srm CS -2.33 0.74 16.86 1.01 451.10 457.20 44.00 0.09 7.13 0.55
CH04-052 AAB6941 457.20 460.25 Srm CS -2.53 0.74 16.83 1.01 457.20 466.34 64.00 0.68 19.40 2.24
CH04-052 AAB6943 463.30 466.34 Srm CS -0.63 0.74 17.10 1.01 463.30 466.34 64.00 0.68 19.40 2.24
CH04-052 AAB6945 469.39 472.44 Srm CS -2.61 0.74 16.37 1.01 469.39 475.49 11.00 0.05 3.55 0.15
CH04-052 AAB6947 475.49 478.54 Srm SL -5.00 0.74 16.26 1.01 475.49 484.63 20.00 0.08 6.32 0.30
CH04-052 AAB6951 481.58 484.63 Srm SL -2.26 0.74 16.38 1.01 481.58 484.63 20.00 0.08 6.32 0.30
CH04-052 AAB6953 487.68 490.73 Srm SL -3.40 0.74 17.64 1.01 487.68 493.78 20.00 0.10 6.03 0.34
CH04-052 AAB6955 493.78 496.82 Srm SL -2.47 0.74 16.47 1.01 493.78 502.92 37.00 0.55 15.10 0.94
CH04-052 AAB6957 499.87 502.92 Srm CS -3.31 0.74 15.81 1.01 499.87 502.92 37.00 0.55 15.10 0.94
CH04-052 AAB6959 505.97 509.02 Srm CS -2.96 0.74 15.45 1.01 505.97 512.06 42.00 0.52 14.90 0.76
δ18O
‰
CH04-052 AAB6961 512.06 515.11 Srm CS -2.36 0.74 16.81 1.01 512.06 521.21 52.00 0.95 20.70 1.40
CH04-052 AAB6963 518.16 521.21 Ohc DO -0.56 0.74 20.39 1.01 518.16 521.21 52.00 0.95 20.70 1.40
CH04-052 AAB6965 524.26 527.30 Ohc DO -2.32 0.74 19.00 1.01 524.26 530.35 35.00 0.68 9.17 0.50
CH04-052 AAB6967 530.35 533.40 Ohc DO -1.55 0.74 20.03 1.01 530.35 539.50 29.00 0.63 10.35 0.57
CH04-052 AAB6969 536.45 539.50 Ohc DO -0.91 0.74 18.27 1.01 536.45 539.50 29.00 0.63 10.35 0.57
CH04-052 AAB6971 542.54 545.59 Ohc DO -3.63 0.74 13.78 1.01 542.54 548.64 58.00 0.31 8.15 0.35
CH04-052 AAB6973 548.64 551.69 Ohc DO 0.84 0.74 23.01 1.01 548.64 557.78 18.00 0.16 4.71 0.26
CH04-052 AAB6975 554.74 557.78 Ohc DO 0.99 0.74 24.40 1.01 554.74 557.78 18.00 0.16 4.71 0.26
CH04-052 AAB6977 560.83 563.88 Ohc DO 0.34 0.74 22.50 1.01 560.83 566.93 23.00 0.30 3.82 0.26
CH04-052 AAB6981 566.93 569.98 Ohc DO 0.40 0.74 19.56 1.01 566.93 576.07 27.00 0.21 5.13 0.38
CH04-052 AAB6983 573.02 576.07 Ohc MI 0.41 0.74 14.94 1.01 573.02 576.07 27.00 0.21 5.13 0.38
CH04-052 AAB6985 579.12 582.17 Ohc MI -0.62 0.74 16.92 1.01 579.12 585.22 12.00 0.12 4.23 0.22
CH04-052 AAB6987 585.22 588.26 Ohc MI 1.12 0.74 17.24 1.01 585.22 594.36 9.00 0.17 3.38 0.24
260
CH04-052 AAB6989 591.31 594.36 Ohc MI -1.62 1.31 13.65 1.21 591.31 594.36 9.00 0.17 3.38 0.24
CH04-052 AAB6991 597.41 600.46 Ohc MI 1.60 1.31 17.15 1.21 597.41 603.50 9.00 0.09 4.54 0.26
CH04-052 AAB6993 603.50 606.55 Ohc MI 1.23 1.31 18.62 1.21 603.50 612.65 18.00 0.07 3.11 0.23
CH04-052 AAB6995 609.60 612.65 Ohc MI -0.10 1.31 19.40 1.21 609.60 612.65 18.00 0.07 3.11 0.23
CH04-052 AAB6997 615.70 618.74 Ohc MI -0.03 1.31 16.87 1.21 615.70 621.79 16.00 0.08 2.88 0.22
CH04-052 AAB6999 621.79 624.84 Ohc MI 0.69 1.31 14.65 1.21 621.79 630.94 9.00 0.13 2.53 0.15
CH04-052 AAB7001 627.89 630.94 Ohc MI -0.02 1.31 19.33 1.21 627.89 630.94 9.00 0.13 2.53 0.15
CH04-052 AAB7003 633.98 637.03 Ohc DO 1.27 1.31 20.02 1.21 633.98 640.08 23.00 0.18 5.40 0.34
CH04-052 AAB7005 640.08 643.13 Ohc DO 0.61 1.31 19.76 1.21 640.08 649.22 6.00 0.11 4.34 0.24
CH04-052 AAB7007 646.18 649.22 Ohc DO 0.11 1.31 19.55 1.21 646.18 649.22 6.00 0.11 4.34 0.24
CH04-052 AAB7009 652.27 655.32 Ohc DO -0.46 1.31 21.40 1.21 652.27 658.37 2.00 0.05 1.81 0.19
CH04-052 AAB7013 658.37 661.42 Ohc DO -2.32 1.31 16.41 1.21 658.37 667.51 42.00 0.21 5.52 0.31
CH04-052 AAB7015 664.46 667.51 Ohc DO -0.47 1.31 19.00 1.21 664.46 667.51 42.00 0.21 5.52 0.31
CH04-052 AAB7017 670.56 673.61 Ohc DO -1.38 1.31 17.84 1.21 670.56 676.66 64.00 0.09 3.15 0.19
CH04-052 AAB7019 676.66 679.70 Ohc DO -1.61 1.31 17.59 1.21 676.66 685.80 75.00 0.19 5.84 0.31
CH04-052 AAB7021 682.75 685.80 Ohc DO 682.75 685.80 75.00 0.19 5.84 0.31
δ18O
‰
CH04-052 AAB7023 688.85 691.90 Ohc DO -1.10 1.31 17.00 1.21 688.85 694.94 19.00 0.09 2.54 0.17
CH04-052 AAB7025 694.94 697.99 Ohc DO 694.94 701.04 37.00 0.16 4.53 0.32
CH04-057 AAE1101 0.00 3.05 Tqa AL 0.00 3.05 20.30 0.05 2.76 0.30
CH04-057 AAE1103 6.10 9.14 Tqa CG 6.10 9.14 20.30 0.05 2.76 0.30
CH04-057 AAE1105 12.19 15.24 Tqa CG 12.19 15.24 24.00 0.14 2.30 0.50
CH04-057 AAE1107 18.29 21.34 Tqa CG 18.29 21.34 25.00 0.11 1.87 0.45
CH04-057 AAE1109 24.38 27.43 Tqa CG 24.38 27.43 25.00 0.11 1.87 0.45
CH04-057 AAE1111 30.48 33.53 Tqa CG 30.48 33.53 14.20 0.11 1.34 0.44
CH04-057 AAE1113 36.58 39.62 Tqa CG 36.58 39.62 35.00 0.20 1.88 0.48
CH04-057 AAE1115 42.67 45.72 Tqa CG 42.67 45.72 35.00 0.20 1.88 0.48
CH04-057 AAE1117 48.77 51.82 Tqa CG 48.77 51.82 27.00 0.21 1.54 0.38
CH04-057 AAE1119 54.86 57.91 Tqa CG 54.86 57.91 36.00 0.30 1.68 0.30
261
CH04-057 AAE1121 60.96 64.01 Dwb CS -2.32 1.31 17.21 1.21 60.96 64.01 36.00 0.30 1.68 0.30
CH04-057 AAE1123 67.06 70.10 Dwb CS -1.53 1.31 13.91 1.21 67.06 70.10 31.00 0.22 1.12 0.13
CH04-057 AAE1127 73.15 76.20 Dwb CS -0.95 1.31 19.45 1.21 73.15 76.20 15.00 0.17 0.41 0.10
CH04-057 AAE1129 79.25 82.30 Dwb CS -1.23 1.31 17.10 1.21 79.25 82.30 15.00 0.17 0.41 0.10
CH04-057 AAE1131 85.34 88.39 Dwb CS -1.78 1.31 18.30 1.21 85.34 88.39 24.00 0.04 0.39 0.09
CH04-057 AAE1133 91.44 94.49 Dwb CS -3.00 1.31 14.31 1.21 91.44 94.49 16.00 0.02 0.42 0.10
CH04-057 AAE1135 97.54 100.58 Dwb CS 0.69 1.31 20.05 1.21 97.54 100.58 16.00 0.02 0.42 0.10
CH04-057 AAE1137 103.63 106.68 Dwb CS -2.17 1.31 15.77 1.21 103.63 106.68 17.00 0.03 0.49 0.11
CH04-057 AAE1139 109.73 112.78 Dwb CS -0.48 1.31 15.03 1.21 109.73 112.78 20.00 0.13 0.52 0.11
CH04-057 AAE1141 115.82 118.87 Dwb CS -0.23 1.31 19.78 1.21 115.82 118.87 20.00 0.13 0.52 0.11
CH04-057 AAE1143 121.92 124.97 Dwb CS -0.58 1.31 19.20 1.21 121.92 124.97 28.00 0.05 0.65 0.08
CH04-057 AAE1145 128.02 131.06 Dwb CS -1.53 1.31 14.68 1.21 128.02 131.06 31.00 0.36 0.98 0.05
CH04-057 AAE1147 134.11 137.16 Dwb CS -0.82 1.31 12.19 1.21 134.11 137.16 31.00 0.36 0.98 0.05
CH04-057 AAE1149 140.21 143.26 Dwb CS -0.43 1.31 17.72 1.21 140.21 143.26 24.00 0.18 0.58 0.07
CH04-057 AAE1153 146.30 149.35 Dwb CS 1.30 1.31 17.12 1.21 146.30 149.35 16.00 0.26 0.58 0.11
CH04-057 AAE1155 152.40 155.45 Dwb CS 0.72 1.31 20.23 1.21 152.40 155.45 16.00 0.26 0.58 0.11
δ18O
‰
CH04-057 AAE1157 158.50 161.54 Dwb CS -0.60 1.31 18.39 1.21 158.50 161.54 15.00 0.19 0.51 0.12
CH04-057 AAE1159 164.59 167.64 Dwb CS 0.38 1.31 17.82 1.21 164.59 167.64 12.00 0.12 0.69 0.12
CH04-057 AAE1161 170.69 173.74 Dwb CS -0.35 1.31 16.51 1.21 170.69 173.74 12.00 0.12 0.69 0.12
CH04-057 AAE1163 176.78 179.83 Dwb CS -1.15 1.31 16.23 1.21 176.78 179.83 18.00 0.25 0.74 0.13
CH04-057 AAE1165 182.88 185.93 Dwb CS -3.32 1.31 15.91 1.21 182.88 185.93 34.00 0.25 1.10 0.17
CH04-057 AAE1167 188.98 192.02 Dwb CS 0.78 1.31 15.10 1.21 188.98 192.02 34.00 0.25 1.10 0.17
CH04-057 AAE1169 195.07 198.12 Dwb CS 0.25 1.31 16.47 1.21 195.07 198.12 20.00 0.22 1.01 0.16
CH04-057 AAE1171 201.17 204.22 Dwb CS -2.38 1.31 13.97 1.21 201.17 204.22 44.00 0.32 1.24 0.14
CH04-057 AAE1173 207.26 210.31 Dwb CS 0.59 1.31 16.05 1.21 207.26 210.31 44.00 0.32 1.24 0.14
CH04-057 AAE1175 213.36 216.41 Dwb CS -2.35 1.31 9.67 1.21 213.36 216.41 91.00 0.89 3.35 0.14
CH04-057 AAE1179 219.46 222.50 Dwb CS -0.25 1.31 9.51 1.21 219.46 222.50 25.00 0.23 0.72 0.14
CH04-057 AAE1181 225.55 228.60 Dwb CS 2.11 1.31 14.30 1.21 225.55 228.60 25.00 0.23 0.72 0.14
CH04-057 AAE1183 231.65 234.70 Dwb CS -1.20 1.31 12.62 1.21 231.65 234.70 16.00 0.05 0.56 0.10
262
CH04-057 AAE1185 237.74 240.79 Dwb CS 9.12 1.31 5.94 1.21 237.74 240.79 39.00 0.24 1.61 0.13
CH04-057 AAE1187 243.84 246.89 Dwb CS 3.95 1.31 9.52 1.21 243.84 246.89 39.00 0.24 1.61 0.13
CH04-057 AAE1189 249.94 252.98 Dwb CS 2.23 1.31 12.17 1.21 249.94 252.98 26.00 0.27 0.69 0.13
CH04-057 AAE1191 256.03 259.08 Dwb CS -0.45 0.54 14.47 1.20 256.03 259.08 20.00 0.10 0.48 0.11
CH04-057 AAE1193 262.13 265.18 Dwb CS 0.24 0.54 18.06 1.20 262.13 265.18 20.00 0.10 0.48 0.11
CH04-057 AAE1195 268.22 271.27 Dwb CS -0.06 0.54 13.59 1.20 268.22 271.27 31.00 0.36 1.14 0.10
CH04-057 AAE1197 274.32 277.37 Dwb CS -0.30 0.54 18.96 1.20 274.32 277.37 20.00 0.46 0.45 0.19
CH04-057 AAE1199 280.42 283.46 Dwb CS 0.49 0.54 16.74 1.20 280.42 283.46 20.00 0.46 0.45 0.19
CH04-057 AAE1201 286.51 289.56 Dwb CS -1.47 0.54 12.34 1.20 286.51 289.56 18.00 0.20 0.47 0.15
CH04-057 AAE1205 292.61 295.66 Dwb CS 0.73 0.54 16.59 1.20 292.61 295.66 21.00 0.13 0.66 0.13
CH04-057 AAE1207 298.70 301.75 Dwb CS -0.19 0.54 20.09 1.20 298.70 301.75 21.00 0.13 0.66 0.13
CH04-057 AAE1209 304.80 307.85 Dwb CS -0.09 0.54 23.83 1.20 304.80 307.85 14.00 0.10 0.39 0.12
CH04-057 AAE1211 310.90 313.94 Dwb CS -0.72 0.54 18.07 1.20 310.90 313.94 22.00 0.12 0.44 0.15
CH04-057 AAE1213 316.99 320.04 Dwb CS -1.21 0.54 22.46 1.20 316.99 320.04 22.00 0.12 0.44 0.15
CH04-057 AAE1215 323.09 326.14 Dwb CS -1.95 0.54 19.07 1.20 323.09 326.14 21.00 0.15 0.34 0.12
CH04-057 AAE1217 329.18 332.23 Dwb CS -0.38 0.54 24.37 1.20 329.18 332.23 17.00 0.16 0.30 0.12
δ18O
‰
CH04-057 AAE1219 335.28 338.33 Dwb CS -0.46 0.54 24.08 1.20 335.28 338.33 17.00 0.16 0.30 0.12
CH04-057 AAE1221 341.38 344.42 Dwb CS 0.46 0.54 23.87 1.20 341.38 344.42 13.00 0.23 0.26 0.13
CH04-057 AAE1223 347.47 350.52 Dwb CS -1.35 0.54 26.64 1.20 347.47 350.52 19.00 0.38 0.27 0.13
CH04-057 AAE1225 353.57 356.62 Dwb CS -1.12 0.54 22.60 1.20 353.57 356.62 19.00 0.38 0.27 0.13
CH04-057 AAE1227 359.66 362.71 Dwb CS -1.92 0.54 21.22 1.20 359.66 362.71 14.00 0.41 0.24 0.14
CH04-057 AAE1231 365.76 368.81 Dwb CS 0.04 0.54 20.21 1.20 365.76 368.81 47.00 0.60 0.43 0.32
CH04-057 AAE1233 371.86 374.90 Dwb CS -2.80 0.54 21.31 1.20 371.86 374.90 47.00 0.60 0.43 0.32
CH04-057 AAE1235 377.95 381.00 Dwb CS -3.57 0.54 19.10 1.20 377.95 381.00 42.00 0.20 0.29 0.60
CH04-057 AAE1237 384.05 387.10 Dwb CS -2.29 0.54 19.84 1.20 384.05 387.10 32.00 0.14 0.29 0.52
CH04-057 AAE1239 390.14 393.19 Dwb CS 0.24 0.54 24.89 1.20 390.14 393.19 32.00 0.14 0.29 0.52
CH04-057 AAE1241 396.24 399.29 Dwb CS -0.14 0.54 22.21 1.20 396.24 399.29 16.00 0.11 0.38 0.15
CH04-057 AAE1243 402.34 405.38 Dwb CS -1.94 0.54 15.98 1.20 402.34 405.38 22.00 0.13 0.63 0.09
CH04-057 AAE1245 408.43 411.48 Dwb CS -0.60 0.54 20.97 1.20 408.43 411.48 22.00 0.13 0.63 0.09
263
CH04-057 AAE1247 414.53 417.58 Dwb CS -1.30 0.54 12.65 1.20 414.53 417.58 78.00 0.36 9.01 0.13
CH04-057 AAE1249 420.62 423.67 Dwb CS -1.03 0.54 12.77 1.20 420.62 423.67 102.00 0.52 5.30 0.18
CH04-057 AAE1251 426.72 429.77 Dwb CS -0.39 0.54 11.20 1.20 426.72 429.77 102.00 0.52 5.30 0.18
CH04-057 AAE1253 432.82 435.86 Dwb CS -0.89 0.54 15.38 1.20 432.82 435.86 35.00 0.22 1.14 0.07
CH04-057 AAE1257 438.91 441.96 Dwb CS 0.68 0.54 12.72 1.20 438.91 441.96 77.00 0.31 2.70 0.05
CH04-057 AAE1259 445.01 448.06 Dwb CS 1.12 0.54 12.57 1.20 445.01 448.06 77.00 0.31 2.70 0.05
CH04-057 AAE1261 451.10 454.15 Dwb CS -0.65 0.54 8.98 1.20 451.10 454.15 67.00 2.69 2.29 0.06
CH04-057 AAE1263 457.20 460.25 Dwb CS 0.15 0.54 9.36 1.20 457.20 460.25 77.00 2.59 2.88 0.06
CH04-057 AAE1265 463.30 466.34 Dwb CS -0.22 0.54 0.01 1.20 463.30 466.34 77.00 2.59 2.88 0.06
CH04-057 AAE1267 469.39 472.44 Dwb CS -0.88 0.54 16.27 1.20 469.39 472.44 51.00 0.40 1.82 0.09
CH04-057 AAE1269 475.49 478.54 Dwb CS -1.68 0.54 17.26 1.20 475.49 478.54 8.00 0.05 0.79 0.25
CH04-057 AAE1271 481.58 484.63 Dwb CS 481.58 484.63 8.00 0.05 0.79 0.25
CH04-057 AAE1273 487.68 490.73 Dwb CS -3.15 0.54 16.47 1.20 487.68 490.73 8.00 0.06 0.68 0.21
CH04-057 AAE1275 493.78 496.82 Dwb CS -1.66 0.54 19.44 1.20 493.78 496.82 18.00 0.07 0.84 0.21
CH04-057 AAE1277 499.87 502.92 Dwb CS -3.32 0.66 20.82 1.23 499.87 502.92 18.00 0.07 0.84 0.21
CH04-057 AAE1279 505.97 509.02 Dwb CS -3.16 0.66 19.39 1.23 505.97 509.02 14.00 0.10 1.02 0.24
δ18O
‰
CH04-057 AAE1283 512.06 515.11 Dwb CS -2.59 0.66 17.60 1.23 512.06 515.11 57.00 0.58 2.64 0.12
CH04-057 AAE1285 518.16 521.21 Int CS -1.54 0.66 13.18 1.23 518.16 521.21 57.00 0.58 2.64 0.12
CH04-057 AAE1287 524.26 527.30 Int CS -2.31 0.66 16.32 1.23 524.26 527.30 32.40 0.32 0.98 0.13
CH04-057 AAE1289 530.35 533.40 Int QP 530.35 533.40 6.90 0.06 0.19 0.18
CH04-057 AAE1291 536.45 539.50 Int QP 536.45 539.50 6.90 0.06 0.19 0.18
CH04-057 AAE1293 542.54 545.59 Int QP -3.15 0.66 10.64 1.23 542.54 545.59 14.10 0.14 0.31 0.17
CH04-057 AAE1295 548.64 551.69 Srm CS -2.00 0.66 15.66 1.23 548.64 551.69 38.00 0.36 0.94 0.25
CH04-057 AAE1297 554.74 557.78 Srm CS -2.96 0.66 13.52 1.23 554.74 557.78 38.00 0.36 0.94 0.25
CH04-057 AAE1299 560.83 563.88 Int QP 560.83 563.88 69.70 3.23 0.76 0.41
CH04-057 AAE1301 566.93 569.98 Int QP -2.98 0.66 10.62 1.23 566.93 569.98 31.70 1.23 1.62 0.43
CH04-057 AAE1303 573.02 576.07 Srm CS -2.52 0.66 13.88 1.23 573.02 576.07 31.70 1.23 1.62 0.43
CH04-057 AAE1305 579.12 582.17 Srm CS -0.65 0.66 6.86 1.23 579.12 582.17 25.00 0.83 1.86 0.20
CH04-057 AAE1309 585.22 588.26 Srm SL 0.92 0.66 4.39 1.23 585.22 588.26 41.00 1.82 3.46 0.07
264
CH04-057 AAE1311 591.31 594.36 Srm SL -1.99 0.66 14.66 1.23 591.31 594.36 41.00 1.82 3.46 0.07
CH04-057 AAE1313 597.41 600.46 Srm CS -1.09 0.66 13.53 1.23 597.41 600.46 59.00 1.99 2.66 0.03
CH04-057 AAE1315 603.50 606.55 Srm CS -2.40 0.66 7.61 1.23 603.50 606.55 85.00 1.25 3.75 0.30
CH04-057 AAE1317 609.60 612.65 Srm CS -1.38 0.66 13.98 1.23 609.60 612.65 85.00 1.25 3.75 0.30
CH04-057 AAE1319 615.70 618.74 Srm CS -1.75 0.66 14.67 1.23 615.70 618.74 52.00 0.70 2.29 0.32
CH04-057 AAE1321 621.79 624.84 Srm CS -1.86 0.66 17.15 1.23 621.79 624.84 160.00 1.72 3.51 1.05
CH04-057 AAE1323 627.89 630.94 Srm CS -1.14 0.66 16.25 1.23 627.89 630.94 160.00 1.72 3.51 1.05
CH04-057 AAE1325 633.98 637.03 Srm CS -0.60 0.66 17.64 1.23 633.98 637.03 31.00 0.06 0.93 0.40
CH04-057 AAE1327 640.08 643.13 Srm CS -1.14 0.66 19.19 1.23 640.08 643.13 19.00 0.03 0.53 0.36
CH04-057 AAE1329 646.18 649.22 Srm CS -1.01 0.66 18.43 1.23 646.18 649.22 19.00 0.03 0.53 0.36
CH04-057 AAE1331 652.27 655.32 Srm CS -0.62 0.66 20.76 1.23 652.27 655.32 50.00 0.18 0.96 0.35
CH04-057 AAE1335 658.37 661.42 Srm CS 0.05 0.66 20.72 1.23 658.37 661.42 23.00 0.04 1.14 0.43
CH04-057 AAE1337 664.46 667.51 Srm CS -0.17 0.66 21.30 1.23 664.46 667.51 23.00 0.04 1.14 0.43
CH04-057 AAE1339 670.56 673.61 Srm CS -0.61 0.66 18.59 1.23 670.56 673.61 26.00 0.05 1.24 0.31
CH04-057 AAE1341 676.66 679.70 Srm CS 2.46 0.66 16.38 1.23 676.66 679.70 36.00 0.04 1.02 0.50
CH04-057 AAE1343 682.75 685.80 Srm CS 682.75 685.80 36.00 0.04 1.02 0.50
δ18O
‰
CH04-057 AAE1345 688.85 691.90 Srm CS 0.24 0.66 18.40 1.23 688.85 691.90 33.00 0.08 1.58 0.43
CH04-057 AAE1347 694.94 697.99 Srm CS -1.78 0.66 20.12 1.23 694.94 697.99 22.00 0.07 5.16 0.31
CH04-057 AAE1349 701.04 704.09 Srm CS 701.04 704.09 22.00 0.07 5.16 0.31
CH04-057 AAE1351 707.14 710.18 Srm CS 0.59 0.66 18.48 1.23 707.14 710.18 18.00 0.08 3.06 0.37
CH04-057 AAE1353 713.23 716.28 Srm CS -0.72 0.66 17.83 1.23 713.23 716.28 27.00 0.16 3.71 0.48
CH04-057 AAE1355 719.33 722.38 Srm CS -3.03 0.66 6.46 1.23 719.33 722.38 27.00 0.16 3.71 0.48
CH04-057 AAE1357 725.42 728.47 Srm CS 0.07 0.66 11.62 1.23 725.42 728.47 67.00 0.48 5.20 0.44
CH04-057 AAE1361 731.52 734.57 Srm CS 1.10 0.66 15.08 1.23 731.52 734.57 45.00 0.13 3.54 0.31
CH04-057 AAE1363 737.62 740.66 Srm CS 0.80 0.66 16.36 1.23 737.62 740.66 45.00 0.13 3.54 0.31
CH04-057 AAE1365 743.71 746.76 Srm CS 0.12 0.66 19.13 1.23 743.71 746.76 57.00 0.06 1.87 0.33
CH04-057 AAE1367 749.81 752.86 Srm CS 1.94 0.66 15.45 1.23 749.81 752.86 14.00 0.04 0.97 0.35
CH04-057 AAE1369 755.90 758.95 Srm CS 2.83 0.66 15.11 1.23 755.90 758.95 14.00 0.04 0.97 0.35
265
CH04-072 AAM2036 0.00 3.05 Tqa AL

CH04-072 AAM2038 6.10 9.14 Tqa AL
CH04-072 AAM2040 12.19 15.24 Tqa CG 12.19 15.24 29.00 0.08 5.02 0.12
CH04-072 AAM2042 18.29 21.34 Tqa CG 18.29 21.34 31.00 0.09 7.58 0.16
CH04-072 AAM2044 24.38 27.43 Tqa CG 24.38 27.43 24.00 0.06 3.42 0.14
CH04-072 AAM2046 30.48 33.53 Tqa CG 30.48 33.53 45.00 0.08 3.34 0.16
CH04-072 AAM2048 36.58 39.62 Tqa CG 36.58 39.62 26.00 0.06 3.08 0.14
CH04-072 AAM2050 42.67 45.72 Tqa CG 42.67 45.72 16.00 0.05 2.55 0.12
CH04-072 AAM2052 48.77 51.82 Tqa CG 48.77 51.82 20.00 0.06 3.24 0.14
CH04-072 AAM2054 54.86 57.91 Tqa CG 54.86 57.91 23.00 0.05 3.12 0.12
CH04-072 AAM2056 60.96 64.01 Tqa CG 60.96 64.01 15.00 0.04 2.40 0.17
CH04-072 AAM2058 67.06 70.10 Tqa CG 67.06 70.10 24.00 0.10 4.29 0.18
CH04-072 AAM2060 73.15 76.20 Tqa CG 73.15 76.20 2.00 0.04 1.14 0.10
CH04-072 AAM2062 79.25 82.30 Dwb MI 1.21 1.09 20.55 0.94 79.25 82.30 12.00 0.02 1.39 0.03
CH04-072 AAM2066 85.34 88.39 Dwb MI 0.91 1.09 19.26 0.94 85.34 88.39 6.00 0.03 1.34 0.04
CH04-072 AAM2068 91.44 94.49 Dwb SL 0.09 1.09 21.37 0.94 91.44 94.49 21.00 0.03 3.49 0.07
δ18O
‰
CH04-072 AAM2070 97.54 100.58 Dwb SL -0.94 1.09 20.78 0.94 97.54 100.58 20.00 0.04 4.52 0.08
CH04-072 AAM2072 103.63 106.68 Dwb SL 1.06 1.09 18.75 0.94 103.63 106.68 22.00 0.12 2.85 0.08
CH04-072 AAM2074 109.73 112.78 Dwb SL -0.57 1.09 21.82 0.94 109.73 112.78 13.00 0.06 1.34 0.05
CH04-072 AAM2076 115.82 118.87 Dwb SL 0.01 1.09 20.25 0.94 115.82 118.87 13.00 0.06 0.74 0.05
CH04-072 AAM2078 121.92 124.97 Dwb SL -1.10 1.09 20.06 0.94 121.92 124.97 15.00 0.10 0.81 0.07
CH04-072 AAM2080 128.02 131.06 Dwb SL 0.40 1.09 18.25 0.94 128.02 131.06 8.00 0.03 1.05 0.12
CH04-072 AAM2082 134.11 137.16 Dwb SL 0.61 1.09 18.00 0.94 134.11 137.16 31.00 0.04 1.83 0.05
CH04-072 AAM2084 140.21 143.26 Dwb SL 1.16 1.09 19.49 0.94 140.21 143.26 9.00 0.03 0.88 0.03
CH04-072 AAM2086 146.30 149.35 Dwb SL 1.38 1.09 18.87 0.94 146.30 149.35 13.00 0.02 0.81 0.04
CH04-072 AAM2088 152.40 155.45 Dwb SL 1.08 1.09 18.68 0.94 152.40 155.45 15.00 0.03 1.09 0.03
CH04-072 AAM2090 158.50 161.54 Dwb SL -1.05 1.09 17.35 0.94 158.50 161.54 24.00 0.05 1.50 0.03
CH04-072 AAM2094 164.59 167.64 Dwb SL -0.13 1.09 17.21 0.94 164.59 167.64 38.00 0.18 2.91 0.05
266
CH04-072 AAM2096 170.69 173.74 Dwb SL 1.13 1.09 17.52 0.94 170.69 173.74 23.00 0.14 1.55 0.03
CH04-072 AAM2098 176.78 179.83 Dwb SL 1.47 1.09 17.62 0.94 176.78 179.83 18.00 0.14 1.70 0.03
CH04-072 AAM2100 182.88 185.93 Dwb SL 3.36 1.09 16.36 0.94 182.88 185.93 40.00 0.18 2.17 0.03
CH04-072 AAM2102 188.98 192.02 Dwb SL 2.12 1.09 16.18 0.94 188.98 192.02 76.00 0.17 3.33 0.04
CH04-072 AAM2104 195.07 198.12 Dwb SL 1.11 1.09 17.08 0.94 195.07 198.12 67.00 0.14 3.30 0.03
CH04-072 AAM2106 201.17 204.22 Dwb SL 1.01 1.09 18.77 0.94 201.17 204.22 32.00 0.33 2.33 0.04
CH04-072 AAM2108 207.26 210.31 Dwb SL 1.09 1.09 18.84 0.94 207.26 210.31 20.00 0.31 1.28 0.03
CH04-072 AAM2110 213.36 216.41 Dwb SL 1.46 1.09 20.21 0.94 213.36 216.41 15.00 0.30 0.61 0.02
CH04-072 AAM2112 219.46 222.50 Dwb SL 0.76 1.09 18.72 0.94 219.46 222.50 16.00 0.91 0.85 0.02
CH04-072 AAM2114 225.55 228.60 Dwb SL 0.69 1.09 18.40 0.94 225.55 228.60 21.00 1.39 1.12 0.03
CH04-072 AAM2116 231.65 234.70 Dwb SL -0.24 0.91 19.73 0.92 231.65 234.70 30.00 0.86 0.62 0.04
CH04-072 AAM2118 237.74 240.79 Dwb SL 1.34 1.09 16.42 0.94 237.74 240.79 30.00 1.21 0.55 0.04
CH04-072 AAM2120 243.84 246.89 Dwb SL 0.47 0.91 18.19 0.92 243.84 246.89 34.00 0.81 1.78 0.03
CH04-072 AAM2124 249.94 252.98 Dwb SL 0.11 0.91 19.14 0.92 249.94 252.98 44.00 1.39 0.96 0.05
CH04-072 AAM2126 256.03 259.08 Dwb SL 0.60 0.91 20.02 0.92 256.03 259.08 35.00 0.99 0.60 0.05
CH04-072 AAM2128 262.13 265.18 Dwb SL -0.25 0.91 19.54 0.92 262.13 265.18 36.00 1.35 0.67 0.06
δ18O
‰
CH04-072 AAM2130 268.22 271.27 Dwb SL 0.41 0.91 19.34 0.92 268.22 271.27 34.00 1.13 0.55 0.04
CH04-072 AAM2132 274.32 277.37 Int SL 274.32 277.37 29.00 1.16 0.47 0.07
CH04-072 AAM2134 280.42 283.46 Int SL 280.42 283.46 17.00 0.22 0.52 0.09
CH04-072 AAM2136 286.51 289.56 Dwb QP -0.15 0.91 19.18 0.92 286.51 289.56 17.00 0.25 0.59 0.11
CH04-072 AAM2138 292.61 295.66 Int QP 292.61 295.66 11.80 0.18 0.46 0.11
CH04-072 AAM2140 298.70 301.75 Int QP 298.70 301.75 12.00 0.26 0.64 0.10
CH04-072 AAM2142 304.80 307.85 Dwb QP 0.14 0.91 17.29 0.92 304.80 307.85 11.70 0.09 0.45 0.06
CH04-072 AAM2144 310.90 313.94 Dwb QP -0.06 0.91 17.22 0.92 310.90 313.94 11.20 0.10 0.41 0.07
CH04-072 AAM2146 316.99 320.04 Dwb QP 0.09 0.91 17.66 0.92 316.99 320.04 19.00 0.17 0.58 0.06
CH04-072 AAM2148 323.09 326.14 Dwb QP -0.37 0.91 20.02 0.92 323.09 326.14 15.00 0.24 1.28 0.09
CH04-072 AAM2152 329.18 332.23 Dwb QP 0.06 0.91 18.51 0.92 329.18 332.23 14.00 0.21 0.75 0.08
CH04-072 AAM2154 335.28 338.33 Dwb QP 0.03 0.91 18.31 0.92 335.28 338.33 17.00 0.29 0.92 0.11
CH04-072 AAM2156 341.38 344.42 Dwb QP -0.82 0.91 19.81 0.92 341.38 344.42 25.00 0.55 1.62 0.11
267
CH04-072 AAM2158 347.47 350.52 Dwb MI 0.23 0.91 18.32 0.92 347.47 350.52 15.00 0.28 0.68 0.02
CH04-072 AAM2160 353.57 356.62 Dwb MI 0.52 0.91 19.88 0.92 353.57 356.62 12.00 0.23 0.86 0.03
CH04-072 AAM2162 359.66 362.71 Dwb MI 0.27 0.91 20.79 0.92 359.66 362.71 9.00 0.26 0.56 0.05
CH04-072 AAM2164 365.76 368.81 Dwb MI -0.89 0.91 21.27 0.92 365.76 368.81 4.00 0.30 0.80 0.03
CH04-072 AAM2166 371.86 374.90 Int QP 371.86 374.90 8.00 0.21 0.71 0.05
CH04-072 AAM2168 377.95 381.00 Dwb SL 0.93 0.91 16.18 0.92 377.95 381.00 6.00 0.11 0.57 0.02
CH04-072 AAM2170 384.05 387.10 Dwb SL -1.31 0.91 13.87 0.92 384.05 387.10 4.00 0.20 0.93 0.02
CH04-072 AAM2172 390.14 393.19 Dwb SL -0.97 0.91 14.67 0.92 390.14 393.19 9.00 0.07 0.67 0.02
CH04-072 AAM2174 396.24 399.29 Dwb SL -0.10 0.91 17.98 0.92 396.24 399.29 14.00 0.07 3.03 0.02
CH04-072 AAM2176 402.34 405.38 Dwb - 0.49 0.12 17.40 0.35 402.34 405.38 8.60 0.09 2.50 0.05
CH04-072 AAM2178 408.43 411.48 Dwb - 0.04 0.12 20.05 0.35 408.43 411.48 11.20 0.13 1.33 0.09
CH04-072 AAM2182 414.53 417.58 Dwb - 414.53 417.58 10.20 0.10 1.78 0.16
CH04-072 AAM2184 420.62 423.67 Dwb - 0.43 0.12 20.55 0.35 420.62 423.67 7.00 0.08 1.37 0.10
CH04-072 AAM2186 426.72 429.77 Dwb - 0.33 0.12 22.71 0.35 426.72 429.77 8.90 0.08 1.21 0.11
CH04-072 AAM2188 432.82 435.86 Dwb - -0.16 0.12 18.61 0.35 432.82 435.86 14.00 0.24 1.66 0.17
CH04-072 AAM2190 438.91 441.96 Dwb - -0.18 0.12 17.85 0.35 438.91 441.96 11.40 0.14 2.91 0.12
δ18O
‰
CH04-072 AAM2192 445.01 448.06 Srm - -0.04 0.12 20.97 0.35 445.01 448.06 9.60 0.07 2.08 0.11
CH04-072 AAM2194 451.10 454.15 Srm - -0.25 0.12 19.64 0.35 451.10 454.15 14.90 0.09 2.48 0.16
CH04-072 AAM2196 457.20 460.25 Srm - -0.47 0.12 21.19 0.35 457.20 460.25 8.70 0.05 1.05 0.18
CH04-072 AAM2198 463.30 466.34 Srm - -0.22 0.12 22.89 0.35 463.30 466.34 5.50 0.06 0.80 0.16
CH04-072 AAM2200 469.39 472.44 Srm - -0.60 0.12 20.62 0.35 469.39 472.44 11.30 0.08 2.57 0.17
CH04-072 AAM2202 475.49 478.54 Srm - -0.43 0.12 19.29 0.35 475.49 478.54 24.30 0.08 5.12 0.14
CH04-072 AAM2204 481.58 484.63 Srm - -0.82 0.12 17.99 0.35 481.58 484.63 45.00 0.29 12.15 0.16
CH04-072 AAM2206 487.68 490.73 Srm - -0.30 0.12 14.76 0.35 487.68 490.73 11.40 0.17 3.52 0.12
CH04-072 AAM2210 493.78 496.82 Dwb - 0.66 0.12 19.02 0.35 493.78 496.82 4.40 0.07 1.10 0.04
CH04-072 AAM2212 499.87 502.92 Dwb - 0.58 0.12 18.26 0.35 499.87 502.92 7.60 0.21 0.94 0.05
CH04-072 AAM2214 505.97 509.02 Dwb - 0.08 0.12 15.17 0.35 505.97 509.02 11.00 0.19 1.62 0.06
CH04-072 AAM2216 512.06 515.11 Dwb - 0.49 0.12 17.83 0.35 512.06 515.11 8.10 0.10 0.79 0.04
CH04-072 AAM2218 518.16 521.21 Dwb - 518.16 521.21 15.80 0.41 2.50 0.04
268
CH04-072 AAM2220 524.26 527.30 Dwb - 0.31 0.12 18.72 0.35 524.26 527.30 10.90 0.08 1.37 0.04
CH04-072 AAM2222 530.35 533.40 Dwb - 0.13 0.12 15.20 0.35 530.35 533.40 11.60 0.07 0.89 0.04
CH04-072 AAM2224 536.45 539.50 Dwb - 0.27 0.12 14.11 0.35 536.45 539.50 11.30 0.18 1.16 0.04
CH04-072 AAM2226 542.54 545.59 Dwb - 542.54 545.59 16.60 0.29 1.38 0.03
CH04-072 AAM2228 548.64 551.69 Dwb - 0.71 0.12 15.41 0.35 548.64 551.69 20.70 1.18 1.78 0.02
CH04-072 AAM2230 554.74 557.78 Dwb - 0.65 0.12 17.52 0.35 554.74 557.78 18.60 1.26 1.49 0.03
CH04-072 AAM2232 560.83 563.88 Dwb - -0.06 0.12 16.54 0.35 560.83 563.88 24.10 0.52 1.51 0.03
CH04-072 AAM2234 566.93 569.98 Dwb - 0.31 0.12 17.81 0.35 566.93 569.98 21.90 0.34 0.94 0.05
CH04-072 AAM2236 573.02 576.07 Dwb - 0.62 0.12 16.49 0.35 573.02 576.07 15.20 0.24 1.05 0.08
CH04-072 AAM2240 579.12 582.17 Dwb - -0.07 0.12 18.20 0.35 579.12 582.17 9.50 0.06 2.33 0.08
CH04-072 AAM2242 585.22 588.26 Dwb - -0.40 0.12 19.15 0.35 585.22 588.26 6.40 0.07 1.53 0.06
CH04-072 AAM2244 591.31 594.36 Dwb - 591.31 594.36 9.80 0.09 1.39 0.12
CH04-072 AAM2246 597.41 600.46 Dwb - -0.08 0.12 20.85 0.35 597.41 600.46 13.10 0.17 2.04 0.13
CH04-072 AAM2248 603.50 606.55 Dwb - 0.08 0.12 18.22 0.35 603.50 606.55 12.30 0.17 4.78 0.11
CH04-072 AAM2250 609.60 612.65 Dwb - 0.23 0.12 21.98 0.35 609.60 612.65 7.90 0.10 1.53 0.12
CH04-072 AAM2252 615.70 618.74 Dwb - 615.70 618.74 6.80 0.09 3.04 0.09
δ18O
‰
CH04-072 AAM2254 621.79 624.84 Dwb - -0.37 0.12 20.85 0.35 621.79 624.84 6.80 0.13 2.70 0.18
CH04-072 AAM2256 627.89 630.94 Dwb - 627.89 630.94 7.90 0.17 3.34 0.20
CH04-072 AAM2258 633.98 637.03 Dwb - -0.30 0.12 17.08 0.35 633.98 637.03 4.80 0.07 4.30 0.04
CH04-072 AAM2260 640.08 643.13 Srm - -0.96 0.12 17.93 0.35 640.08 643.13 37.60 0.19 1.69 0.07
CH04-072 AAM2262 646.18 649.22 Srm - 646.18 649.22 34.50 0.23 2.18 0.34
CH04-072 AAM2264 652.27 655.32 Srm - 652.27 655.32 7.30 0.08 1.41 0.30
CH04-072 AAM2268 658.37 661.42 Srm - 658.37 661.42 54.30 0.77 7.36 1.04
CH04-072 AAM2270 664.46 667.51 Srm - 664.46 667.51 15.20 0.20 2.89 0.25
CH04-072 AAM2272 670.56 673.61 Srm - 670.56 673.61 6.60 0.13 2.95 0.27
CH04-072 AAM2274 676.66 679.70 Srm - 676.66 679.70 110.50 0.17 8.84 0.27
CH04-072 AAM2276 682.75 685.80 Srm - 682.75 685.80 17.30 0.09 3.30 0.29
CH04-072 AAM2278 688.85 691.90 Srm - 688.85 691.90 10.00 0.08 9.07 0.32
CH04-072 AAM2280 694.94 697.99 Srm - 694.94 697.99 12.40 0.08 3.51 0.32
269
CH04-072 AAM2282 701.04 704.09 Srm - 701.04 704.09 9.80 0.06 4.87 0.37
CH04-072 AAM2284 707.14 710.18 Srm - 707.14 710.18 6.30 0.05 2.31 0.32
CH04-072 AAM2286 713.23 716.28 Srm - 713.23 716.28 14.80 0.11 2.54 0.40
CH04-072 AAM2288 719.33 722.38 Srm - 719.33 722.38 45.80 0.05 1.37 0.36
CH04-072 AAM2290 725.42 728.47 Srm - 725.42 728.47 4.80 0.03 1.40 0.32
CH04-072 AAM2292 731.52 734.57 Srm - 731.52 734.57 4.00 0.01 0.58 0.29
CH04-072 AAM2294 737.62 740.66 Srm - 737.62 740.66 18.10 0.04 0.94 0.31
CH04-072 AAM2298 743.71 746.76 Srm - 743.71 746.76 11.30 0.05 1.44 0.25
CH04-072 AAM2300 749.81 752.86 Srm - 749.81 752.86 15.10 0.06 2.09 0.29
CH04-072 AAM2302 755.90 758.95 Srm - 755.90 758.95 5.10 0.02 0.77 0.23
CH04-072 AAM2303 758.95 762.00 Srm - 758.95 762.00 10.00 0.07 2.19 0.21
CH04-072 AAM2304 762.00 765.05 Srm SL 0.14 0.50 9.19 0.65 762.00 765.05 18.00 0.12 3.16 0.16
CH04-072 AAM2306 768.10 771.14 Srm SL 0.34 0.50 14.12 0.65 768.10 771.14 13.00 0.08 1.99 0.26
CH04-072 AAM2308 774.19 777.24 Srm SL 0.50 0.50 14.47 0.65 774.19 777.24 31.00 0.20 2.88 0.36
CH04-072 AAM2310 780.29 783.34 Srm SL -0.22 0.50 13.98 0.65 780.29 783.34 16.00 0.09 1.72 0.28
CH04-072 AAM2312 786.38 789.43 Srm SL -0.50 0.91 18.46 0.92 786.38 789.43 14.00 0.06 0.96 0.32
δ18O
‰
CH04-072 AAM2314 792.48 795.53 Srm SL -1.13 0.91 17.51 0.92 792.48 795.53 128.00 0.02 2.85 0.52
CH04-072 AAM2316 798.58 801.62 Srm SL -3.50 0.91 18.52 0.92 798.58 801.62 95.00 0.03 2.40 0.39
CH04-072 AAM2318 804.67 807.72 Srm SL -1.52 0.91 18.20 0.92 804.67 807.72 22.00 0.01 1.32 0.39
CH04-072 AAM2320 810.77 813.82 Srm SL -1.19 0.91 15.93 0.92 810.77 813.82 9.00 0.03 1.81 0.35
CH04-072 AAM2322 816.86 819.91 Srm SL 816.86 819.91 3.00 0.01 1.22 0.33
CH04-072 AAM2326 822.96 826.01 Srm SL -1.47 0.91 19.96 0.92 822.96 826.01 11.00 0.02 1.00 0.29
CH04-072 AAM2328 829.06 832.10 Srm SL 0.81 0.91 15.91 0.92 829.06 832.10 7.00 0.02 1.46 0.31
CH04-072 AAM2330 835.15 838.20 Srm SL -1.83 0.91 11.58 0.92 835.15 838.20 7.00 0.02 1.50 0.22
CH04-072 AAM2332 841.25 844.30 Srm SL -1.61 0.91 18.32 0.92 841.25 844.30 3.00 0.02 1.38 0.25
CH04-072 AAM2334 847.34 850.39 Srm SL -0.04 0.50 14.29 0.65 847.34 850.39 2.00 0.02 0.96 0.23
CH04-072 AAM2336 853.44 856.49 Srm SL -0.49 0.50 15.62 0.65 853.44 856.49 6.00 0.01 1.08 0.28
CH04-072 AAM2338 859.54 862.58 Srm SL 2.43 0.50 16.70 0.65 859.54 862.58 9.00 0.01 0.91 0.15
CH04-072 AAM2340 865.63 868.68 Srm SL 1.21 0.50 18.15 0.65 865.63 868.68 2.00 0.01 0.50 0.25
270
CH04-072 AAM2342 871.73 874.78 Srm SL -0.52 0.50 14.33 0.65 871.73 874.78 10.00 0.01 0.61 0.21
CH04-072 AAM2344 877.82 880.87 Srm SL -0.73 0.50 18.99 0.65 877.82 880.87 4.00 0.01 0.47 0.20
CH04-072 AAM2346 883.92 886.97 Srm SL -0.64 0.50 12.16 0.65 883.92 886.97 58.00 0.10 5.87 0.25
CH04-072 AAM2348 890.02 893.06 Srm SL -0.29 0.50 8.89 0.65 890.02 893.06 78.00 0.11 12.20 0.44
CH04-072 AAM2350 896.11 899.16 Srm SL -2.42 0.50 13.48 0.65 896.11 899.16 37.00 0.01 2.41 0.69
CH04-072 AAM2352 902.21 905.26 Srm SL -2.93 0.50 10.06 0.65 902.21 905.26 75.00 0.21 11.35 1.07
CH04-072 AAM2356 908.30 911.35 Srm SL -1.29 0.50 14.96 0.65 908.30 911.35 81.00 0.44 7.93 0.50
δ18O
‰
CH05-005 AAM5284 0.00 3.05 Al AL 0.00 9.14 23.00 0.10 2.00 0.08
CH05-005 AAM5286 6.10 9.14 Al AL 0.00 9.14 23.00 0.10 2.00 0.08
CH05-005 AAM5288 12.19 15.24 Dwb SL 9.14 18.29 19.00 0.09 1.37 0.05
CH05-005 AAM5290 18.29 21.34 Dwb SM 18.29 27.43 15.00 0.05 1.24 0.04
CH05-005 AAM5292 24.38 27.43 Dwb SM 1.85 0.70 21.00 0.98 18.29 27.43 15.00 0.05 1.24 0.04
CH05-005 AAM5294 30.48 33.53 Dwb SM 1.23 0.70 18.68 0.98 27.43 36.58 11.00 0.04 0.66 0.05
CH05-005 AAM5296 36.58 39.62 Dwb SL 1.89 0.38 21.32 0.40 36.58 45.72 15.00 0.02 0.69 0.04
CH05-005 AAM5298 42.67 45.72 Dwb SL 2.43 0.70 20.18 0.98 36.58 45.72 15.00 0.02 0.69 0.04
CH05-005 AAM5300 48.77 51.82 Dwb SM 0.95 0.70 14.67 0.98 45.72 54.86 55.00 0.13 5.88 0.16
CH05-005 AAM5302 54.86 57.91 Dwb SM 1.35 0.40 18.67 0.40 54.86 64.01 9.00 0.05 0.56 0.06
CH05-005 AAM5304 60.96 64.01 Dwb CS 0.78 0.38 20.44 0.40 54.86 64.01 9.00 0.05 0.56 0.06
CH05-005 AAM5306 67.06 70.10 Dwb CS 0.41 0.38 22.33 0.40 64.01 73.15 20.00 0.12 1.08 0.17
CH05-005 AAM5308 73.15 76.20 Dwb SL 0.80 0.70 20.56 0.98 73.15 82.30 27.00 0.22 2.11 0.26
271
CH05-005 AAM5312 79.25 82.30 Dwb SL -0.51 0.70 20.78 0.98 73.15 82.30 27.00 0.22 2.11 0.26
CH05-005 AAM5314 85.34 88.39 Dwb SL -0.90 0.38 22.09 0.40 82.30 91.44 27.00 0.09 2.02 0.21
CH05-005 AAM5316 91.44 94.49 Dwb SL -0.05 0.38 22.47 0.40 91.44 100.58 15.00 0.05 1.07 0.30
CH05-005 AAM5318 97.54 100.58 Dwb SL -0.60 0.70 19.85 0.98 91.44 100.58 15.00 0.05 1.07 0.30
CH05-005 AAM5320 103.63 106.68 Dwb SL -0.07 0.38 22.93 0.40 100.58 109.73 11.00 0.04 1.06 0.35
CH05-005 AAM5322 109.73 112.78 Dwb SL -0.51 0.38 21.46 0.40 109.73 118.87 14.00 0.04 1.22 0.27
CH05-005 AAM5324 115.82 118.87 Dwb SL 109.73 118.87 14.00 0.04 1.22 0.27
CH05-005 AAM5326 121.92 124.97 Dwb SL 0.58 0.27 19.48 0.24 118.87 128.02 15.00 0.04 1.38 0.35
CH05-005 AAM5328 128.02 131.06 Dwb SL -0.02 0.27 21.10 0.24 128.02 137.16 17.00 0.04 1.36 0.24
CH05-005 AAM5330 134.11 137.16 Dwb SL -0.83 0.27 18.91 0.24 128.02 137.16 17.00 0.04 1.36 0.24
CH05-005 AAM5332 140.21 143.26 Dwb CS 137.16 146.30 21.00 0.06 1.02 0.20
CH05-005 AAM5334 146.30 149.35 Dwb CS -0.01 0.47 21.26 0.61 146.30 155.45 11.00 0.02 0.55 0.12
CH05-005 AAM5336 152.40 155.45 Dwb MI 1.72 0.47 23.03 0.61 146.30 155.45 11.00 0.02 0.55 0.12
CH05-005 AAM5340 158.50 161.54 Dwb MI 1.21 0.47 22.65 0.61 155.45 164.59 17.00 0.04 0.68 0.16
CH05-005 AAM5342 164.59 167.64 Dwb SM 1.05 0.70 21.37 0.98 164.59 173.74 8.00 0.04 0.86 0.25
CH05-005 AAM5344 170.69 173.74 Dwb MI 1.12 0.27 23.08 0.24 164.59 173.74 8.00 0.04 0.86 0.25
δ18O
‰
CH05-005 AAM5346 176.78 179.83 Dwb SM 0.96 0.27 22.01 0.24 173.74 182.88 5.00 0.06 0.69 0.10
CH05-005 AAM5348 182.88 185.93 Dwb SM 2.02 0.70 23.42 0.98 182.88 192.02 20.00 0.06 1.40 0.07
CH05-005 AAM5350 188.98 192.02 Dwb SM 1.25 0.70 13.47 0.98 182.88 192.02 20.00 0.06 1.40 0.07
CH05-005 AAM5352 195.07 198.12 Dwb SM 1.12 0.70 16.87 0.98 192.02 201.17 24.00 0.08 2.50 0.11
CH05-005 AAM5354 201.17 204.22 Dwb SM 1.36 0.70 19.42 0.98 201.17 210.31 17.00 0.08 1.60 0.12
CH05-005 AAM5356 207.26 210.31 Dwb MI -0.66 0.61 19.81 1.49 201.17 210.31 17.00 0.08 1.60 0.12
CH05-005 AAM5358 213.36 216.41 Dwb MI 1.98 0.70 22.44 0.98 210.31 219.46 8.00 0.11 1.60 0.12
CH05-005 AAM5360 219.46 222.50 Dwb MI 0.40 0.70 17.95 0.98 219.46 228.60 17.00 0.18 1.73 0.10
CH05-005 AAM5362 225.55 228.60 Dwb MI -0.05 0.70 16.50 0.98 219.46 228.60 17.00 0.18 1.73 0.10
CH05-005 AAM5364 231.65 234.70 Dwb MI 2.03 0.70 16.27 0.98 228.60 237.74 7.00 0.09 0.69 0.03
CH05-005 AAM5368 237.74 240.79 Dwb SL 1.50 0.70 13.51 0.98 237.74 246.89 10.00 0.10 1.82 0.05
CH05-005 AAM5370 243.84 246.89 Dwb SL 1.18 0.70 19.85 0.98 237.74 246.89 10.00 0.10 1.82 0.05
CH05-005 AAM5372 249.94 252.98 Dwb SL 0.39 0.27 14.77 0.24 246.89 256.03 14.00 0.11 1.66 0.04
272
CH05-005 AAM5374 256.03 259.08 Dwb SL 0.38 0.70 13.19 0.70 256.03 265.18 18.00 0.18 2.59 0.10
CH05-005 AAM5376 262.13 265.18 Dwb SL 0.23 0.70 12.30 0.98 256.03 265.18 18.00 0.18 2.59 0.10
CH05-005 AAM5378 268.22 271.27 Dwb SL -1.43 0.27 18.53 0.24 265.18 274.32 17.00 0.23 6.73 0.19
CH05-005 AAM5380 274.32 277.37 Dwb SL 0.48 0.70 15.47 0.98 274.32 283.46 15.00 0.17 4.73 0.14
CH05-005 AAM5382 280.42 283.46 Dwb SL -0.23 0.47 16.68 0.61 274.32 283.46 15.00 0.17 4.73 0.14
CH05-005 AAM5384 286.51 289.56 Dwb SL 0.33 0.47 16.63 0.61 283.46 292.61 17.00 0.17 3.74 0.14
CH05-005 AAM5386 292.61 295.66 Dwb SL 292.61 301.75 21.00 0.24 3.19 0.14
CH05-005 AAM5388 298.70 301.75 Dwb SL -0.18 0.54 16.95 0.56 292.61 301.75 21.00 0.24 3.19 0.14
CH05-005 AAM5390 304.80 307.85 Dwb LS 3.31 0.47 20.21 0.61 301.75 310.90 10.00 0.06 1.80 0.03
CH05-005 AAM5392 310.90 313.94 Dwb SL 310.90 320.04 17.00 0.08 4.41 0.02
CH05-005 AAM5396 316.99 320.04 Dwb MI 1.93 0.54 10.82 0.56 310.90 320.04 17.00 0.08 4.41 0.02
CH05-005 AAM5398 323.09 326.14 Dwb SL 0.17 0.54 11.35 0.56 320.04 329.18 34.00 0.13 3.78 0.04
CH05-005 AAM5400 329.18 332.23 Dwb SL 0.32 0.54 16.20 0.56 329.18 338.33 41.00 0.06 3.67 0.18
CH05-005 AAM5402 335.28 338.33 Dwb SL -0.07 0.54 20.56 0.56 329.18 338.33 41.00 0.06 3.67 0.18
CH05-005 AAM5404 341.38 344.42 Dwb SL -0.14 0.54 19.62 0.56 338.33 347.47 41.00 0.04 2.68 0.08
CH05-005 AAM5406 347.47 350.52 Dwb SL -0.37 0.54 19.79 0.56 347.47 356.62 29.00 0.06 2.72 0.11
δ18O
‰
CH05-005 AAM5408 353.57 356.62 Dwb SL -0.01 0.54 18.47 0.56 347.47 356.62 29.00 0.06 2.72 0.11
CH05-005 AAM5410 359.66 362.71 Dwb SL -0.21 0.27 19.40 0.24 356.62 365.76 16.00 0.02 1.60 0.18
CH05-005 AAM5412 365.76 368.81 Dwb SL 0.35 0.54 21.39 0.56 365.76 374.90 21.00 0.04 1.80 0.17
CH05-005 AAM5414 371.86 374.90 Dwb SL 365.76 374.90 21.00 0.04 1.80 0.17
CH05-005 AAM5416 377.95 381.00 Dwb SL 1.07 0.47 19.71 0.61 374.90 384.05 31.00 0.05 3.12 0.16
CH05-005 AAM5418 384.05 387.10 Dwb SL 0.22 0.54 22.80 0.56 384.05 393.19 28.00 0.04 1.74 0.23
CH05-005 AAM5420 390.14 393.19 Dwb SL 384.05 393.19 28.00 0.04 1.74 0.23
CH05-005 AAM5424 396.24 399.29 Dwb MI -0.42 0.54 17.59 0.56 393.19 402.34 23.00 0.03 2.48 0.14
CH05-005 AAM5426 402.34 405.38 Dwb SL -0.52 0.54 19.03 0.56 402.34 411.48 28.00 0.09 3.28 0.13
CH05-005 AAM5428 408.43 411.48 Dwb SL -0.39 0.54 15.73 0.56 402.34 411.48 28.00 0.09 3.28 0.13
CH05-005 AAM5430 414.53 417.58 Dwb LS -0.39 0.54 15.16 0.56 411.48 420.62 33.00 0.13 6.70 0.20
CH05-005 AAM5432 420.62 423.67 Srm SL -0.45 0.54 15.77 0.56 420.62 429.77 46.00 0.06 7.87 0.13
CH05-005 AAM5434 426.72 429.77 Srm SL -0.05 0.54 16.48 0.56 420.62 429.77 46.00 0.06 7.87 0.13
273
CH05-005 AAM5436 432.82 435.86 Srm SL 0.61 0.54 14.90 0.56 429.77 438.91 36.00 0.08 9.02 0.08
CH05-005 AAM5438 438.91 441.96 Srm SL 0.46 0.54 7.86 0.56 438.91 448.06 22.00 0.06 3.46 0.05
CH05-005 AAM5440 445.01 448.06 Srm SL 1.26 0.54 9.13 0.56 438.91 448.06 22.00 0.06 3.46 0.05
CH05-005 AAM5442 451.10 454.15 Srm SL 0.61 0.54 18.71 0.56 448.06 457.20 22.00 0.05 5.99 0.08
CH05-005 AAM5444 457.20 460.25 Srm LS 0.07 0.54 13.76 0.56 457.20 466.34 24.00 0.06 5.87 0.15
CH05-005 AAM5446 463.30 466.34 Srm SL -0.84 0.54 15.52 0.56 457.20 466.34 24.00 0.06 5.87 0.15
CH05-005 AAM5448 469.39 472.44 Srm SL 0.22 0.54 15.22 0.56 466.34 475.49 29.00 0.08 11.00 0.12
CH05-005 AAM5452 475.49 478.54 Srm SL 0.01 0.54 15.92 0.56 475.49 484.63 12.00 0.08 3.03 0.13
CH05-005 AAM5454 481.58 484.63 Srm SL 0.22 0.54 15.31 0.56 475.49 484.63 12.00 0.08 3.03 0.13
CH05-005 AAM5456 487.68 490.73 Srm SL 484.63 493.78 13.00 0.03 1.45 0.14
CH05-005 AAM5458 493.78 496.82 Srm SL -0.92 0.54 18.08 0.56 493.78 502.92 10.00 0.02 1.09 0.24
CH05-005 AAM5460 499.87 502.92 Srm SL -0.59 0.54 20.13 0.56 493.78 502.92 10.00 0.02 1.09 0.24
CH05-005 AAM5462 505.97 509.02 Srm SL -0.66 0.54 19.23 0.56 502.92 512.06 14.00 0.02 1.64 0.17
CH05-005 AAM5464 512.06 515.11 Srm SL -0.36 0.27 19.99 0.24 512.06 521.21 16.00 0.02 2.59 0.17
CH05-005 AAM5466 518.16 521.21 Srm SL -0.04 0.27 17.53 0.24 512.06 521.21 16.00 0.02 2.59 0.17
CH05-005 AAM5468 524.26 527.30 Srm SL -1.51 0.54 18.98 0.56 521.21 530.35 10.00 0.01 2.20 0.19
δ18O
‰
CH05-005 AAM5470 530.35 533.40 Srm SL -1.72 0.54 17.48 0.56 530.35 539.50 20.00 0.02 4.39 0.27
CH05-005 AAM5472 536.45 539.50 Srm SL -1.10 0.54 17.93 0.56 530.35 539.50 20.00 0.02 4.39 0.27
CH05-005 AAM5474 542.54 545.59 Srm SL -1.11 0.27 19.15 0.24 539.50 548.64 7.00 0.01 1.57 0.28
CH05-005 AAM5476 548.64 551.69 Srm SL -2.00 0.56 17.06 0.56 548.64 557.78 14.00 0.01 1.67 0.26
CH05-005 AAM5480 554.74 557.78 Srm SL 0.20 0.54 18.76 0.56 548.64 557.78 14.00 0.01 1.67 0.26
CH05-005 AAM5482 560.83 563.88 Srm SL -1.08 0.27 18.44 0.24 557.78 566.93 13.00 0.02 1.99 0.19
CH05-005 AAM5484 566.93 569.98 Srm SL -0.06 0.54 18.02 0.56 566.93 576.07 15.00 0.02 2.25 0.20
CH05-005 AAM5486 573.02 576.07 Srm SL -1.84 0.54 16.82 0.56 566.93 576.07 15.00 0.02 2.25 0.20
CH05-005 AAM5488 579.12 582.17 Srm SL -0.92 0.54 16.08 0.56 576.07 585.22 8.00 0.01 2.25 0.17
CH05-005 AAM5490 585.22 588.26 Int-Srm QP -1.26 0.54 17.83 0.56 585.22 594.36 7.30 0.01 1.50 0.42
CH05-005 AAM5492 591.31 594.36 Srm SL -0.94 0.54 17.25 0.56 585.22 594.36 7.30 0.01 1.50 0.42
CH05-005 AAM5494 597.41 600.46 Srm SL -1.09 0.54 19.65 0.56 594.36 603.50 9.00 0.01 1.60 0.43
CH05-005 AAM5496 603.50 606.55 Srm SL -0.63 0.54 16.30 0.56 603.50 612.65 11.00 0.01 3.75 0.32
274
CH05-005 AAM5284A 609.60 612.65 Srm SL -1.23 0.54 17.61 0.56 603.50 612.65 11.00 0.01 3.75 0.32
CH05-005 AAM5286A 615.70 618.74 Srm SL -0.63 0.27 18.51 0.24 612.65 621.79 15.00 0.01 2.85 0.26
CH05-005 AAM5288A 621.79 624.84 Srm SL -1.84 0.54 16.95 0.56 621.79 630.94 28.00 0.01 3.97 0.25
CH05-005 AAM5290A 627.89 630.94 Srm SL -1.75 0.54 14.96 0.56 621.79 630.94 28.00 0.01 3.97 0.25
CH05-005 AAM5292A 633.98 637.03 Srm SL -1.73 0.54 16.96 0.56 630.94 640.08 5.00 0.01 1.29 0.24
CH05-005 AAM5294A 640.08 643.13 Srm SL -0.60 0.54 21.18 0.56 640.08 649.22 9.00 0.01 3.55 0.16
CH05-005 AAM5296A 646.18 649.22 Srm SL -1.38 0.54 13.81 0.56 640.08 649.22 9.00 0.01 3.55 0.16
δ18O
‰
CH05-020 AAO3228 0.00 3.05 Tqa AL 0.00 9.14 11.00 0.04 1.17 0.19
CH05-020 AAO3230 6.10 9.14 Srm SM 0.00 9.14 11.00 0.04 1.17 0.19
CH05-020 AAO3232 12.19 15.24 Srm SM -0.01 0.65 20.79 0.67 9.14 18.29 10.00 0.03 1.30 0.18
CH05-020 AAO3234 18.29 21.34 Srm SM -1.68 0.65 19.24 0.67 18.29 27.43 8.00 0.03 1.54 0.26
CH05-020 AAO3236 24.38 27.43 Srm SM 18.29 27.43 8.00 0.03 1.54 0.26
CH05-020 AAO3238 30.48 33.53 Srm SL -1.42 0.65 18.48 0.67 27.43 36.58 7.00 0.03 1.54 0.28
CH05-020 AAO3240 36.58 39.62 Srm SL 36.58 45.72 9.00 0.03 1.84 0.15
CH05-020 AAO3242 42.67 45.72 Srm CS 36.58 45.72 9.00 0.03 1.84 0.15
CH05-020 AAO3244 48.77 51.82 Srm CS -1.18 0.65 15.98 0.67 45.72 54.86 25.00 0.10 5.58 0.15
CH05-020 AAO3246 54.86 57.91 Srm CS -1.29 0.65 16.91 0.67 54.86 64.01 16.00 0.08 5.45 0.17
CH05-020 AAO3248 60.96 64.01 Srm CS -0.45 0.36 16.26 0.30 54.86 64.01 16.00 0.08 5.45 0.17
CH05-020 AAO3250 67.06 70.10 Srm CS -0.91 0.47 13.04 0.61 64.01 73.15 65.00 0.13 34.30 0.27
CH05-020 AAO3252 73.15 76.20 Srm CS -0.36 0.36 15.54 0.30 73.15 82.30 28.00 0.16 14.60 0.11
275
CH05-020 AAO3256 79.25 82.30 Srm CS 0.16 0.36 16.25 0.30 73.15 82.30 28.00 0.16 14.60 0.11
CH05-020 AAO3258 85.34 88.39 Srm CS -0.41 0.47 20.26 0.61 82.30 91.44 79.20 0.28 29.30 0.11
CH05-020 AAO3260 91.44 94.49 Srm CS 1.56 0.36 15.17 0.30 91.44 100.58 38.00 0.18 17.30 0.06
CH05-020 AAO3262 97.54 100.58 Srm CS -0.35 0.36 14.55 0.30 91.44 100.58 38.00 0.18 17.30 0.06
CH05-020 AAO3264 103.63 106.68 Srm CS -0.12 0.36 17.18 0.30 100.58 109.73 17.00 0.13 9.18 0.06
CH05-020 AAO3266 109.73 112.78 Srm CS 0.02 0.36 14.95 0.30 109.73 118.87 12.00 0.16 13.20 0.06
CH05-020 AAO3268 115.82 118.87 Srm CS -1.41 0.47 13.85 0.61 109.73 118.87 12.00 0.16 13.20 0.06
CH05-020 AAO3270 121.92 124.97 Srm CS 0.80 0.36 13.54 0.30 118.87 128.02 9.00 0.08 7.91 0.04
CH05-020 AAO3272 128.02 131.06 Srm CS 1.34 0.36 16.39 0.30 128.02 137.16 65.00 0.31 32.30 0.10
CH05-020 AAO3274 134.11 137.16 Srm CS 0.24 0.30 13.55 0.30 128.02 137.16 65.00 0.31 32.30 0.10
CH05-020 AAO3276 140.21 143.26 Srm CS -0.76 0.36 12.91 0.30 137.16 146.30 32.00 0.63 38.70 0.06
CH05-020 AAO3278 146.30 149.35 Srm CS -0.48 0.36 12.79 0.30 146.30 155.45 58.00 0.72 73.70 0.09
CH05-020 AAO3280 152.40 155.45 Srm CS 0.90 0.36 11.26 0.30 146.30 155.45 58.00 0.72 73.70 0.09
CH05-020 AAO3284 158.50 161.54 Srm CS -0.37 0.47 17.34 0.61 155.45 164.59 44.00 0.53 73.40 0.13
CH05-020 AAO3286 164.59 167.64 Srm CS 0.99 0.36 14.08 0.30 164.59 173.74 25.00 0.49 40.90 0.07
CH05-020 AAO3288 170.69 173.74 Srm CS -0.06 11.03 164.59 173.74 25.00 0.49 40.90 0.07
δ18O
‰
CH05-020 AAO3290 176.78 179.83 Srm SL -0.08 0.36 12.02 0.30 173.74 182.88 27.00 0.53 32.20 0.06
CH05-020 AAO3292 182.88 185.93 Srm SL 1.18 0.36 10.78 0.30 182.88 192.02 26.00 0.39 14.50 0.04
CH05-020 AAO3294 188.98 192.02 Srm SL 182.88 192.02 26.00 0.39 14.50 0.04
CH05-020 AAO3296 195.07 198.12 Srm SL 0.37 0.36 11.55 0.30 192.02 201.17 20.00 0.61 52.30 0.05
CH05-020 AAO3298 201.17 204.22 Srm SL 201.17 210.31 12.00 0.59 138.50 0.04
CH05-020 AAO3300 207.26 210.31 Srm SL 0.51 0.36 12.05 0.30 201.17 210.31 12.00 0.59 138.50 0.04
CH05-020 AAO3302 213.36 216.41 Srm SL 1.69 0.36 12.67 0.30 210.31 219.46 15.00 0.90 40.90 0.02
CH05-020 AAO3304 219.46 222.50 Srm SL 0.21 0.36 10.70 0.30 219.46 228.60 16.00 0.64 51.60 0.02
CH05-020 AAO3306 225.55 228.60 Srm SL 0.45 0.36 11.23 0.30 219.46 228.60 16.00 0.64 51.60 0.02
CH05-020 AAO3308 231.65 234.70 Srm SL -0.35 0.36 12.11 0.30 228.60 237.74 14.00 0.64 44.90 0.02
CH05-020 AAO3312 237.74 240.79 Srm SL -1.65 0.47 18.04 0.61 237.74 246.89 34.00 0.82 93.20 0.06
CH05-020 AAO3314 243.84 246.89 Srm SL -0.95 0.36 17.45 0.30 237.74 246.89 34.00 0.82 93.20 0.06
CH05-020 AAO3316 249.94 252.98 Srm SL -1.76 0.36 18.79 0.30 246.89 256.03 26.00 0.43 59.00 0.09
276
CH05-020 AAO3318 256.03 259.08 Srm SL -0.35 0.36 18.18 0.30 256.03 265.18 53.00 1.10 36.30 0.27
CH05-020 AAO3320 262.13 265.18 Ohc SL -1.65 0.47 18.04 0.61 256.03 265.18 53.00 1.10 36.30 0.27
CH05-020 AAO3322 268.22 271.27 Ohc SL 265.18 274.32 6.00 0.09 6.07 0.02
CH05-020 AAO3324 274.32 277.37 Ohc DO 274.32 283.46 10.00 0.12 10.25 0.02
CH05-020 AAO3326 280.42 283.46 Ohc DO 1.41 0.36 20.92 0.30 274.32 283.46 10.00 0.12 10.25 0.02
CH05-020 AAO3328 286.51 289.56 Ohc DO -0.67 0.47 21.69 0.61 283.46 292.61 51.00 0.41 27.90 0.07
CH05-020 AAO3330 292.61 295.66 Ohc DO 0.47 0.36 19.07 0.30 292.61 301.75 92.00 0.38 45.50 0.04
CH05-020 AAO3332 298.70 301.75 Ohc DO 0.66 0.47 20.06 0.61 292.61 301.75 92.00 0.38 45.50 0.04
CH05-020 AAO3334 304.80 307.85 Ohc DO 301.75 310.90 144.00 0.52 47.70 0.72
CH05-020 AAO3336 310.90 313.94 Ohc DO 310.90 320.04 42.00 0.14 11.30 0.32
CH05-020 AAO3340 316.99 320.04 Ohc DO 1.00 0.47 19.25 0.61 310.90 320.04 42.00 0.14 11.30 0.32
CH05-020 AAO3342 323.09 326.14 Ohc DO 0.75 0.36 14.48 0.30 320.04 329.18 34.00 0.08 6.89 0.17
CH05-020 AAO3344 329.18 332.23 Ohc DO 1.39 0.36 15.74 0.30 329.18 338.33 24.00 0.10 4.38 0.15
CH05-020 AAO3346 335.28 338.33 Ohc MI 0.64 0.36 15.91 0.30 329.18 338.33 24.00 0.10 4.38 0.15
CH05-020 AAO3348 341.38 344.42 Ohc MI 338.33 347.47 22.00 0.07 4.80 0.20
CH05-020 AAO3350 347.47 350.52 Ohc DO 0.80 0.36 14.72 0.30 347.47 356.62 14.00 0.07 3.13 0.10
δ18O
‰
CH05-020 AAO3352 353.57 356.62 Ohc DO 2.05 0.36 16.71 0.30 347.47 356.62 14.00 0.07 3.13 0.10
CH05-020 AAO3354 359.66 362.71 Ohc DO 0.74 0.36 17.92 0.30 356.62 365.76 14.00 0.04 2.21 0.03
CH05-020 AAO3356 365.76 368.81 Ohc DO 0.94 0.36 19.95 0.30 365.76 374.90 53.00 0.58 16.15 0.04
CH05-020 AAO3358 371.86 374.90 Ohc DO 0.41 0.36 14.61 0.30 365.76 374.90 53.00 0.58 16.15 0.04
CH05-020 AAO3360 377.95 381.00 Ohc DO 1.47 0.36 21.54 0.30 374.90 384.05 27.00 0.14 17.05 0.10
CH05-020 AAO3362 384.05 387.10 Ohc DO 0.39 0.36 20.00 0.30 384.05 393.19 12.00 0.06 6.53 0.05
CH05-020 AAO3364 390.14 393.19 Ohc DO 0.19 0.47 22.37 0.61 384.05 393.19 12.00 0.06 6.53 0.05
CH05-020 AAO3368 396.24 399.29 Ohc DO 393.19 402.34 58.00 0.22 29.40 0.03
CH05-020 AAO3370 402.34 405.38 Ohc DO -0.55 0.36 22.33 0.30 402.34 411.48 16.00 0.13 11.80 0.05
CH05-020 AAO3372 408.43 411.48 Ohc DO 0.40 0.36 20.43 0.30 402.34 411.48 16.00 0.13 11.80 0.05
CH05-020 AAO3374 414.53 417.58 Ohc DO 411.48 420.62 17.00 0.13 6.55 0.07
CH05-020 AAO3376 420.62 423.67 Ohc DO 420.62 429.77 13.00 0.11 4.78 0.07
CH05-020 AAO3378 426.72 429.77 Ohc DO 420.62 429.77 13.00 0.11 4.78 0.07
277
CH05-020 AAO3380 432.82 435.86 Int QP 429.77 438.91 54.40 0.13 3.10 0.04
CH05-020 AAO3382 438.91 441.96 Int QP 438.91 448.06 15.20 0.10 1.88 0.05
CH05-020 AAO3384 445.01 448.06 Int QP 438.91 448.06 15.20 0.10 1.88 0.05
CH05-020 AAO3386 451.10 454.15 Int QP 448.06 457.20 9.90 0.05 1.44 0.08
CH05-020 AAO3388 457.20 460.25 Int QP 457.20 466.34 9.50 0.05 1.99 0.07
CH05-020 AAO3390 463.30 466.34 Int QP 457.20 466.34 9.50 0.05 1.99 0.07
CH05-020 AAO3392 469.39 472.44 Int QP 466.34 475.49 5.60 0.07 1.48 0.10
CH05-020 AAO3396 475.49 478.54 Int QP 475.49 484.63 7.50 0.07 2.21 0.20
CH05-020 AAO3398 481.58 484.63 Int QP 475.49 484.63 7.50 0.07 2.21 0.20
CH05-020 AAO3400 487.68 490.73 Int QP 484.63 493.78 5.90 0.08 2.58 0.14
CH05-020 AAO3402 493.78 496.82 Int QP 493.78 502.92 7.60 0.07 1.64 0.09
CH05-020 AAO3404 499.87 502.92 Int QP 493.78 502.92 7.60 0.07 1.64 0.09
CH05-020 AAO3229A 505.97 509.02 Int QP 502.92 512.06 34.00 0.13 2.47 0.08
CH05-020 AAO3231A 512.06 515.11 Ohc DO 512.06 521.21 26.60 0.13 4.37 0.07
CH05-020 AAO3233A 518.16 521.21 Ohc MI 0.49 0.47 16.38 0.61 512.06 521.21 26.60 0.13 4.37 0.07
CH05-020 AAO3235A 524.26 527.30 Ohc MI -1.07 0.36 15.45 0.30 521.21 530.35 7.00 0.03 1.96 0.03
δ18O
‰
CH05-020 AAO3237A 530.35 533.40 Ohc MI -1.07 0.36 15.20 0.30 530.35 539.50 19.00 0.07 4.11 0.07
CH05-020 AAO3239A 536.45 539.50 Ohc MI 0.54 0.36 10.24 0.30 530.35 539.50 19.00 0.07 4.11 0.07
CH05-020 AAO3241A 542.54 545.59 Ohc MI 0.52 0.36 14.51 0.30 539.50 548.64 12.00 0.10 3.03 0.07
CH05-020 AAO3243A 548.64 551.69 Ohc QZ 548.64 557.78 5.00 0.07 2.14 0.03
CH05-020 AAO3245A 554.74 557.78 Ohc QZ 0.66 0.47 21.78 0.61 548.64 557.78 5.00 0.07 2.14 0.03
CH05-020 AAO3247A 560.83 563.88 Ohc QZ 0.03 0.36 18.84 0.30 557.78 566.93 5.00 0.08 1.76 0.07
CH05-020 AAO3249A 566.93 569.98 Ohc QZ 0.06 0.36 20.81 0.30 566.93 576.07 4.00 0.04 1.20 0.05
CH05-020 AAO3251A 573.02 576.07 Ohc QZ -0.22 0.47 21.17 0.61 566.93 576.07 4.00 0.04 1.20 0.05
CH05-020 AAO3253A 579.12 582.17 Ohc QZ -0.63 0.47 22.18 0.61 576.07 585.22 15.00 0.09 3.87 0.09
CH05-020 AAO3255A 585.22 588.26 Ohc QZ -0.96 0.47 20.97 0.61 585.22 594.36 17.00 0.54 10.45 0.11
CH05-020 AAO3257A 591.31 594.36 Ohc QZ 585.22 594.36 17.00 0.54 10.45 0.11
CH05-020 AAO3259A 597.41 600.46 Ohc QZ -1.46 0.47 18.28 0.61 594.36 603.50 17.00 0.87 106.50 0.03
CH05-020 AAO3261A 603.50 606.55 Ohc QZ 0.60 0.47 21.41 0.61 603.50 612.65 12.00 2.09 84.50 0.03
278
CH05-020 AAO3263A 609.60 612.65 Oe QZ 0.20 0.47 21.48 0.61 603.50 612.65 12.00 2.09 84.50 0.03
CH05-020 AAO3265A 615.70 618.74 Oe QZ 612.65 621.79 4.50 0.94 2.49 0.02
δ18O
‰
CH05-029 AAE3105 3.05 6.10 Tqa AL 3.05 6.10
CH05-029 AAE3107 9.14 12.19 Tqa CG 12.19 15.24 20.00 0.05 0.90 0.07
CH05-029 AAE3109 15.24 18.29 Tqa CG 18.29 21.34 17.00 0.03 0.19 0.03
CH05-029 AAE3112 24.38 27.43 Dwb MI 0.98 0.31 25.55 0.60 27.43 30.48 7.00 0.02 0.06 0.01
CH05-029 AAE3114 30.48 33.53 Dwb MI 0.47 0.31 25.87 0.60 33.53 36.58 8.00 0.02 0.07 0.01
CH05-029 AAE3116 36.58 39.62 Dwb MI 0.82 0.31 25.18 0.60 39.62 42.67 10.00 0.02 0.07 0.01
CH05-029 AAE3118 42.67 45.72 Dwb MI 0.63 0.31 22.07 0.60 45.72 48.77 13.00 0.02 0.07 0.01
CH05-029 AAE3120 48.77 51.82 Dwb MI 0.64 0.31 23.53 0.60 51.82 54.86 17.00 0.11 0.12 0.01
CH05-029 AAE3122 54.86 57.91 Dwb SL 1.05 0.27 22.71 0.49 57.91 60.96 16.00 0.14 0.26 0.02
CH05-029 AAE3124 60.96 64.01 Dwb MI 0.07 0.31 18.49 0.60 64.01 67.06 8.00 0.03 0.11 0.01
CH05-029 AAE3126 67.06 70.10 Dwb MI 0.39 0.31 21.82 0.60 70.10 73.15 6.00 0.04 0.11 0.02
CH05-029 AAE3128 73.15 76.20 Dwb MI 0.69 0.31 20.10 0.60 76.20 79.25 16.00 0.03 0.14 0.01
CH05-029 AAE3132 79.25 82.30 Dwb MI 1.40 0.31 21.22 0.60 82.30 85.34 9.00 0.02 0.14 0.01
279
CH05-029 AAE3134 85.34 88.39 Dwb MI 2.09 0.27 24.41 0.49 88.39 91.44 6.00 0.02 0.10 0.01
CH05-029 AAE3136 91.44 94.49 Dwb MI 1.76 0.31 22.50 0.60 94.49 97.54 8.00 0.11 0.19 0.02
CH05-029 AAE3138 97.54 100.58 Dwb MI 0.99 0.31 20.43 0.60 100.58 103.63 13.00 0.02 0.22 0.01
CH05-029 AAE3140 103.63 106.68 Dwb MI 106.68 109.73 16.00 0.07 0.43 0.02
CH05-029 AAE3142 109.73 112.78 Dwb SL 0.39 0.31 19.98 0.60 112.78 115.82 7.00 0.06 0.16 0.01
CH05-029 AAE3144 115.82 118.87 Dwb SL 1.04 0.31 17.29 0.60 118.87 121.92 207.00 0.26 2.09 0.06
CH05-029 AAE3146 121.92 124.97 Dwb MI 1.33 0.31 18.09 0.60 124.97 128.02 29.00 0.10 0.99 0.01
CH05-029 AAE3148 128.02 131.06 Dwb MI 0.93 0.31 14.40 0.60 131.06 134.11 29.00 0.14 1.30 0.02
CH05-029 AAE3150 134.11 137.16 Dwb SL 137.16 140.21 21.00 0.12 0.67 0.01
CH05-029 AAE3152 140.21 143.26 Srm SL -1.21 0.27 17.49 0.49 143.26 146.30 22.00 0.10 0.73 0.01
CH05-029 AAE3154 146.30 149.35 Srm SL 0.04 0.31 21.56 0.60 149.35 152.40 10.00 0.03 0.29 0.02
CH05-029 AAE3156 152.40 155.45 Srm SL -0.82 0.27 21.23 0.49 155.45 158.50 28.00 0.02 0.60 0.03
CH05-029 AAE3160 158.50 161.54 Srm SL -1.05 0.31 19.68 0.60 161.54 164.59 234.00 0.66 5.15 0.42
CH05-029 AAE3162 164.59 167.64 Int QP 167.64 170.69 7.30 0.05 0.24 0.15
CH05-029 AAE3164 170.69 173.74 Int QP 173.74 176.78 10.40 0.04 0.25 0.07
CH05-029 AAE3166 176.78 179.83 Srm SL 179.83 182.88 20.00 0.11 1.81 0.03
δ18O
‰
CH05-029 AAE3168 182.88 185.93 Srm SL -0.87 0.31 19.09 0.60 185.93 188.98 19.00 0.24 1.87 0.04
CH05-029 AAE3170 188.98 192.02 Srm SL -0.94 0.31 17.87 0.60 192.02 195.07 22.00 0.29 1.77 0.04
CH05-029 AAE3172 195.07 198.12 Srm SL 198.12 201.17 22.00 0.42 2.87 0.01
CH05-029 AAE3174 201.17 204.22 Srm SL -1.09 0.31 15.82 0.60 204.22 207.26 15.00 0.22 2.36 0.02
CH05-029 AAE3176 207.26 210.31 Srm SL -0.45 0.31 16.57 0.60 210.31 213.36 15.00 0.20 2.53 0.02
CH05-029 AAE3178 213.36 216.41 Srm SL -0.77 0.31 16.82 0.60 216.41 219.46 32.00 0.32 1.77 0.02
CH05-029 AAE3180 219.46 222.50 Srm SL 0.76 0.31 18.30 0.60 222.50 225.55 26.00 0.34 1.72 0.03
CH05-029 AAE3182 225.55 228.60 Srm SL 228.60 231.65 7.00 0.09 0.94 0.03
CH05-029 AAE3184 231.65 234.70 Srm SL 1.15 0.31 20.44 0.60 234.70 237.74 11.00 0.06 1.10 0.04
CH05-029 AAE3188 237.74 240.79 Srm SL 0.94 0.31 19.79 0.60 240.79 243.84 9.00 0.08 1.68 0.04
CH05-029 AAE3190 243.84 246.89 Srm SL 0.49 0.31 16.66 0.60 246.89 249.94 14.00 0.07 1.20 0.03
CH05-029 AAE3192 249.94 252.98 Srm SL 0.63 0.31 18.80 0.60 252.98 256.03 12.00 0.02 0.63 0.03
CH05-029 AAE3194 256.03 259.08 Srm SL 0.26 0.31 18.23 0.60 259.08 262.13 24.00 0.03 1.38 0.02
280
CH05-029 AAE3196 262.13 265.18 Srm SL -0.96 0.31 17.26 0.60 265.18 268.22 17.00 0.02 0.63 0.01
CH05-029 AAE3198 268.22 271.27 Srm SL 0.75 0.31 18.09 0.60 271.27 274.32 3.00 0.01 0.33 0.02
CH05-029 AAE3200 274.32 277.37 Srm SL 0.42 0.31 18.03 0.60 277.37 280.42 10.00 0.04 0.37 0.01
CH05-029 AAE3202 280.42 283.46 Srm SL 0.36 0.31 18.86 0.60 283.46 286.51 21.00 0.18 1.28 0.03
CH05-029 AAE3204 286.51 289.56 Srm SL 0.38 0.31 17.84 0.60 289.56 292.61 23.00 0.24 1.36 0.03
CH05-029 AAE3206 292.61 295.66 Srm SL -0.07 0.31 16.63 0.60 295.66 298.70 15.00 0.15 0.90 0.02
CH05-029 AAE3208 298.70 301.75 Srm SL 0.04 0.31 16.15 0.60 301.75 304.80 28.00 0.53 1.46 0.03
CH05-029 AAE3210 304.80 307.85 Srm SL -0.67 0.27 18.09 0.49 307.85 310.90 35.00 0.55 1.94 0.03
CH05-029 AAE3212 310.90 313.94 Srm SL 313.94 316.99 16.00 0.09 0.96 0.04
CH05-029 AAE3216 316.99 320.04 Srm SL 320.04 323.09 19.00 0.09 0.78 0.07
CH05-029 AAE3218 323.09 326.14 Srm SL 1.07 0.31 18.75 0.60 326.14 329.18 21.00 0.12 1.37 0.04
CH05-029 AAE3220 329.18 332.23 Srm SL 0.42 0.31 16.85 0.60 332.23 335.28 10.00 0.02 0.30 0.08
CH05-029 AAE3222 335.28 338.33 Srm SL 338.33 341.38 7.00 0.02 0.23 0.08
CH05-029 AAE3224 341.38 344.42 Srm SL -1.26 0.23 15.54 0.35 344.42 347.47 24.00 0.14 1.16 0.10
CH05-029 AAE3226 347.47 350.52 Srm SL 0.06 0.23 19.74 0.35 350.52 353.57 15.00 0.12 1.77 0.09
CH05-029 AAE3228 353.57 356.62 Srm SL -0.43 0.23 18.32 0.35 356.62 359.66 30.00 0.15 1.95 0.06
δ18O
‰
CH05-029 AAE3230 359.66 362.71 Srm SL -0.68 0.23 17.26 0.35 362.71 365.76 17.00 0.06 1.27 0.04
CH05-029 AAE3232 365.76 368.81 Srm SL -0.52 0.23 19.62 0.35 368.81 371.86 12.00 0.05 0.80 0.04
CH05-029 AAE3234 371.86 374.90 Srm SL 374.90 377.95 28.00 0.09 1.27 0.04
CH05-029 AAE3236 377.95 381.00 Srm SL -1.06 0.23 16.81 0.35 381.00 384.05 18.00 0.04 0.73 0.12
CH05-029 AAE3238 384.05 387.10 Srm SL -0.46 0.27 21.23 0.49 387.10 390.14 22.00 0.09 1.07 0.11
CH05-029 AAE3240 390.14 393.19 Srm SL -1.38 0.23 16.60 0.35 393.19 396.24 22.00 0.14 1.38 0.11
CH05-029 AAE3244 396.24 399.29 Srm SL -1.32 0.23 18.06 0.35 399.29 402.34 51.00 0.18 3.39 0.13
CH05-029 AAE3246 402.34 405.38 Srm SL -1.24 0.23 14.93 0.35 405.38 408.43 57.00 0.33 6.67 0.04
CH05-029 AAE3248 408.43 411.48 Srm SL -1.35 0.23 15.62 0.35 411.48 414.53 61.00 0.28 8.67 0.08
CH05-029 AAE3250 414.53 417.58 Srm SL -1.16 0.27 20.52 0.49 417.58 420.62 18.00 0.09 1.29 0.10
CH05-029 AAE3252 420.62 423.67 Srm SL -1.52 0.23 16.11 0.35 423.67 426.72 15.00 0.07 1.17 0.09
CH05-029 AAE3254 426.72 429.77 Srm SL -0.75 0.23 16.92 0.35 429.77 432.82 15.20 0.08 0.69 0.08
CH05-029 AAE3256 432.82 435.86 Srm SL 0.59 0.23 20.72 0.35 435.86 438.91 28.30 0.41 2.01 0.09
281
CH05-029 AAE3258 438.91 441.96 Srm SL 441.96 445.01 12.00 0.07 0.34 0.09
CH05-029 AAE3260 445.01 448.06 Srm SL 0.01 0.23 19.12 0.35 448.06 451.10 17.00 0.29 1.36 0.09
CH05-029 AAE3262 451.10 454.15 Srm SL -0.30 0.23 19.03 0.35 454.15 457.20 22.00 0.24 1.65 0.08
CH05-029 AAE3264 457.20 460.25 Srm SL 460.25 463.30 13.00 0.12 0.71 0.10
CH05-029 AAE3266 463.30 466.34 Srm SL -0.24 0.23 14.04 0.35 466.34 469.39 52.00 0.50 5.25 0.39
CH05-029 AAE3268 469.39 472.44 Srm SL -0.28 0.23 18.39 0.35 472.44 475.49 37.00 0.39 3.17 0.16
CH05-029 AAE3272 475.49 478.54 Srm SL -0.30 0.23 18.85 0.35 478.54 481.58 28.00 0.27 2.51 0.22
CH05-029 AAE3274 481.58 484.63 Srm SL -0.42 0.23 17.24 0.35 484.63 487.68 20.00 0.26 2.39 0.12
CH05-029 AAE3276 487.68 490.73 Srm SL -0.18 0.23 15.76 0.35 490.73 493.78 32.00 0.43 3.75 0.18
CH05-029 AAE3278 493.78 496.82 Srm SL -0.34 0.27 20.38 0.49 496.82 499.87 35.00 0.28 3.50 0.18
CH05-029 AAE3280 499.87 502.92 Srm SL -0.39 0.23 17.01 0.35 502.92 505.97 29.00 0.28 2.28 0.10
CH05-029 AAE3282 505.97 509.02 Srm SL -0.57 0.23 17.45 0.35 509.02 512.06 32.00 0.22 2.75 0.07
CH05-029 AAE3284 512.06 515.11 Srm SL -0.58 0.23 14.61 0.35 515.11 518.16 48.00 0.32 6.33 0.04
CH05-029 AAE3286 518.16 521.21 Srm SL -0.72 0.23 13.45 0.35 521.21 524.26 32.00 0.17 4.57 0.03
CH05-029 AAE3288 524.26 527.30 Srm SL 527.30 530.35 86.00 0.21 5.62 0.04
CH05-029 AAE3290 530.35 533.40 Srm SL -0.36 0.23 14.63 0.35 533.40 536.45 34.00 0.37 4.93 0.04
δ18O
‰
CH05-029 AAE3292 536.45 539.50 Srm SL -0.84 0.23 12.45 0.35 539.50 542.54 66.00 0.25 3.99 0.06
CH05-029 AAE3294 542.54 545.59 Srm SL -0.71 0.23 15.50 0.35 545.59 548.64 27.00 0.09 2.66 0.03
CH05-029 AAE3296 548.64 551.69 Srm SL -0.38 0.23 14.62 0.35 551.69 554.74 25.00 0.11 3.27 0.02
CH05-029 AAE3300 554.74 557.78 Srm SL -0.63 0.23 14.23 0.35 557.78 560.83 17.00 0.07 0.87 0.02
CH05-029 AAE3302 560.83 563.88 Srm SL -0.88 0.23 14.79 0.35 563.88 566.93 26.00 0.12 1.16 0.04
CH05-029 AAE3304 566.93 569.98 Srm SL -0.72 0.23 17.12 0.35 569.98 573.02 22.00 0.08 1.34 0.04
CH05-029 AAE3306 573.02 576.07 Srm SL 576.07 579.12 12.00 0.03 0.43 0.11
CH05-029 AAE3308 579.12 582.17 Srm SL -1.40 0.23 17.38 0.35 582.17 585.22 18.00 0.02 0.68 0.08
CH05-029 AAE3310 585.22 588.26 Srm SL -2.68 0.25 12.00 0.35 588.26 591.31 40.00 0.11 0.78 0.03
CH05-029 AAE3312 591.31 594.36 Srm SL -5.17 0.25 13.50 0.35 594.36 597.41 67.00 0.06 0.98 0.09
CH05-029 AAE3314 597.41 600.46 Srm SL -2.44 0.25 14.02 0.35 600.46 603.50 32.00 0.05 1.10 0.09
CH05-029 AAE3316 603.50 606.55 Srm SL -2.30 0.25 11.66 0.35 606.55 609.60 7.00 0.02 0.59 0.10
CH05-029 AAE3318 609.60 612.65 Srm SL -0.75 0.27 19.29 0.49 612.65 615.70 7.00 0.01 0.76 0.11
282
CH05-029 AAE3320 615.70 618.74 Srm SL -1.56 0.25 15.23 0.35 618.74 621.79 6.00 0.03 0.70 0.13
CH05-029 AAE3322 621.79 624.84 Srm SL -0.78 0.25 16.85 0.35 624.84 627.89 8.60 0.06 0.66 0.09
CH05-029 AAE3324 627.89 630.94 Int QP 630.94 633.98 2.70 0.04 0.27 0.03
CH05-029 AAE3328 633.98 637.03 Int QP 637.03 640.08 11.40 0.07 0.52 0.07
CH05-029 AAE3330 640.08 643.13 Int QP 643.13 646.18 2.30 0.02 0.17 0.09
CH05-029 AAE3332 646.18 649.22 Int QP 649.22 652.27 8.00 0.02 0.12 0.05
CH05-029 AAE3334 652.27 655.32 Srm SL 1.59 0.25 14.17 0.35 655.32 658.37 9.00 0.03 0.34 0.07
CH05-029 AAE3336 658.37 661.42 Srm SL -0.34 0.27 17.90 0.49 661.42 664.46 21.00 0.08 0.38 0.09
CH05-029 AAE3338 664.46 667.51 Srm SL -1.29 0.25 17.67 0.35 667.51 670.56 18.00 0.17 0.62 0.03
CH05-029 AAE3340 670.56 673.61 Srm SL -1.30 0.25 16.10 0.35 673.61 676.66 27.00 0.04 0.87 0.07
CH05-029 AAE3342 676.66 679.70 Srm SL -0.91 0.25 16.03 0.35 679.70 682.75 43.00 0.04 1.47 0.06
CH05-029 AAE3344 682.75 685.80 Srm SL -0.46 0.25 15.67 0.35 685.80 688.85 46.00 0.04 1.13 0.04
CH05-029 AAE3346 688.85 691.90 Srm SL 691.90 694.94 46.00 0.78 3.55 0.03
CH05-029 AAE3348 694.94 697.99 Srm SL -1.24 0.27 15.21 0.49 697.99 701.04 12.00 0.04 3.90 0.01
CH05-029 AAE3350 701.04 704.09 Ohc DO 704.09 707.14 12.00 0.57 1.77 0.01
CH05-029 AAE3352 707.14 710.18 Ohc DO 710.18 713.23 12.00 0.04 2.39 0.01
δ18O
‰
CH05-029 AAE3356 713.23 716.28 Ohc DO 716.28 719.33 14.00 0.02 2.19 0.01
CH05-029 AAE3358 719.33 722.38 Ohc DO 722.38 725.42 49.00 0.16 4.95 0.15
CH05-029 AAE3360 725.42 728.47 Ohc SM 0.01 0.27 6.96 0.49 728.47 731.52 34.00 0.17 2.82 0.07
CH05-029 AAE3362 731.52 734.57 Ohc SM 734.57 737.62 3.00 0.02 0.25 0.08
CH05-029 AAE3364 737.62 740.66 Int QP 740.66 743.71 11.40 0.04 0.33 0.06
CH05-029 AAE3366 743.71 746.76 Int QP 746.76 749.81 10.00 0.02 0.33 0.11
CH05-029 AAE3368 749.81 752.86 Int QP 752.86 755.90 32.00 0.05 1.02 0.11
CH05-029 AAE3370 755.90 758.95 Ohc SM 1.60 0.27 21.18 0.49 758.95 762.00 7.00 0.01 0.18 0.05
CH05-029 AAE3372 762.00 765.05 Ohc SM 1.14 0.27 20.64 0.49 765.05 768.10 0.60 0.02 0.16 0.06
CH05-029 AAE3374 768.10 771.14 Int QP 771.14 774.19 0.90 0.02 0.20 0.06
CH05-029 AAE3376 774.19 777.24 Int QP 777.24 780.29 3.20 0.03 0.22 0.05
CH05-029 AAE3378 780.29 783.34 Int QP 783.34 786.38 7.80 0.05 0.42 0.04
CH05-029 AAE3380 786.38 789.43 Int QP 789.43 792.48 6.00 0.05 0.41 0.04
283
CH05-029 AAE3384 792.48 795.53 Ohc DO 795.53 798.58 6.00 0.03 0.26 0.03
CH05-029 AAE3386 798.58 801.62 Int QP 801.62 804.67 55.10 0.11 1.69 0.13
CH05-029 AAE3388 804.67 807.72 Int QP 807.72 810.77 33.80 0.10 1.10 0.08
CH05-029 AAE3105A 810.77 813.82 Int QP 813.82 816.86 99.80 0.08 1.03 0.06
CH05-029 AAE3107A 816.86 819.91 Int QP 819.91 822.96 54.50 0.07 0.54 0.06
CH05-029 AAE3109A 822.96 826.01 Int QP 826.01 829.06 164.50 0.09 0.99 0.06
CH05-029 AAE3111A 829.06 832.10 Int QP 832.10 835.15 37.60 0.11 0.81 0.04
CH05-029 AAE3113A 835.15 838.20 Int QP 838.20 841.25 20.80 0.23 1.59 0.06
CH05-029 AAE3115A 841.25 844.30 Int QP 844.30 847.34 10.60 0.13 1.45 0.04
CH05-029 AAE3117A 847.34 850.39 Oe QZ 850.39 853.44 8.90 0.06 0.87 0.04
CH05-029 AAE3119A 853.44 856.49 Oe QZ 856.49 859.54 3.10 0.04 0.63 0.02
CH05-029 AAE3121A 859.54 862.58 Oe QZ 862.58 865.63 20.00 0.04 0.20 1.00
δ18O
‰
CH05-035 AAP1821 0.00 3.05 Srm SL -0.07 1.22 21.56 1.04 0.00 3.05 6.00 0.02 0.81 0.30
CH05-035 AAP1823 6.10 9.14 Srm SL -0.24 1.22 20.94 1.04 6.10 9.14 14.00 0.03 0.61 0.22
CH05-035 AAP1825 12.19 15.24 Srm SL -0.28 1.22 20.21 1.04 12.19 15.24 15.00 0.03 0.63 0.17
CH05-035 AAP1827 18.29 21.34 Srm SL 0.31 1.22 17.47 1.04 18.29 21.34 10.00 0.03 0.66 0.16
CH05-035 AAP1829 24.38 27.43 Srm SL -1.76 1.22 15.06 1.04 24.38 27.43 10.00 0.05 2.36 0.20
CH05-035 AAP1831 30.48 33.53 Srm SL -0.19 1.22 16.85 1.04 30.48 33.53 51.70 0.15 86.20 0.39
CH05-035 AAP1833 36.58 39.62 Srm SL -0.57 1.22 14.65 1.04 36.58 39.62 42.20 0.50 83.10 0.35
CH05-035 AAP1835 42.67 45.72 Srm SL -2.03 1.22 13.92 1.04 42.67 45.72 44.50 0.38 57.60 0.14
CH05-035 AAP1837 48.77 51.82 Srm SL -2.32 1.22 13.08 1.04 48.77 51.82 34.00 0.28 22.10 0.12
CH05-035 AAP1839 54.86 57.91 Srm BX -3.77 1.22 12.29 1.04 54.86 57.91 56.00 1.15 10.40 0.09
CH05-035 AAP1841 60.96 64.01 Srm SL -2.53 1.22 17.01 1.04 60.96 64.01 42.30 0.07 11.85 0.10
CH05-035 AAP1843 67.06 70.10 Srm BX -0.38 1.22 15.24 1.04 67.06 70.10 35.30 0.15 34.40 0.08
CH05-035 AAP1845 73.15 76.20 Srm BX 1.12 1.22 18.34 1.04 73.15 76.20 22.70 0.12 25.50 0.09
284
CH05-035 AAP1847 79.25 82.30 Srm SL -0.66 1.22 16.87 1.04 79.25 82.30 17.70 0.09 27.50 0.11
CH05-035 AAP1851 85.34 88.39 Srm BX 0.81 1.22 16.85 1.04 85.34 88.39 19.50 0.09 28.80 0.08
CH05-035 AAP1853 91.44 94.49 Srm SL -1.02 1.22 15.80 1.04 91.44 94.49 23.40 0.07 46.10 0.11
CH05-035 AAP1855 97.54 100.58 Srm SL -0.47 1.22 19.17 1.04 97.54 100.58 15.60 0.06 29.50 0.10
CH05-035 AAP1857 103.63 106.68 Srm SL 1.12 1.22 15.79 1.04 103.63 106.68 18.10 0.09 32.10 0.10
CH05-035 AAP1859 109.73 112.78 Srm SL 1.79 1.22 15.22 1.04 109.73 112.78 28.70 0.13 35.80 0.05
CH05-035 AAP1861 115.82 118.87 Srm BX 1.80 1.22 15.82 1.04 115.82 118.87 28.60 0.08 38.70 0.06
CH05-035 AAP1863 121.92 124.97 Srm SL -1.22 1.22 14.71 1.04 121.92 124.97 24.00 0.05 26.00 0.04
CH05-035 AAP1865 128.02 131.06 Srm SL 1.01 1.22 17.31 1.04 128.02 131.06 22.20 0.05 23.80 0.06
CH05-035 AAP1867 134.11 137.16 Srm SL 1.23 1.22 19.11 1.04 134.11 137.16 58.20 0.08 37.50 0.08
CH05-035 AAP1869 140.21 143.26 Srm SL 1.65 1.22 16.00 1.04 140.21 143.26 21.00 0.10 26.20 0.04
CH05-035 AAP1871 146.30 149.35 Srm SL 1.54 1.22 11.68 1.04 146.30 149.35 19.00 0.51 16.00 0.06
CH05-035 AAP1873 152.40 155.45 Srm BX 1.56 1.22 9.96 1.04 152.40 155.45 53.00 0.22 54.20 0.05
CH05-035 AAP1875 158.50 161.54 Srm BX 0.55 1.22 10.59 1.04 158.50 161.54 284.00 0.32 214.00 0.08
CH05-035 AAP1879 164.59 167.64 Srm SL 1.02 1.22 15.85 1.04 164.59 167.64 67.00 0.14 25.50 0.05
CH05-035 AAP1881 170.69 173.74 Srm LM 0.01 1.22 17.95 1.04 170.69 173.74 107.00 1.24 58.40 0.04
δ18O
‰
CH05-035 AAP1883 176.78 179.83 Srm SL -0.16 1.22 18.69 1.04 176.78 179.83 45.00 0.26 32.70 0.04
CH05-035 AAP1885 182.88 185.93 Ohc DO -0.82 1.22 23.61 1.04 182.88 185.93 43.00 0.44 18.05 0.04
CH05-035 AAP1887 188.98 192.02 Ohc DO 0.58 1.22 23.35 1.04 188.98 192.02 7.00 0.06 3.20 0.03
CH05-035 AAP1889 195.07 198.12 Ohc DO 2.23 0.66 25.47 0.81 195.07 198.12 13.00 0.04 1.60 0.02
CH05-035 AAP1891 201.17 204.22 Ohc DO 2.38 0.66 24.94 0.81 201.17 204.22 7.00 0.04 1.98 0.05
CH05-035 AAP1893 207.26 210.31 Ohc DO 0.62 0.66 23.30 0.81 207.26 210.31 9.00 0.03 1.76 0.07
CH05-035 AAP1895 213.36 216.41 Ohc DO 0.91 0.66 22.75 0.81 213.36 216.41 20.00 0.05 2.70 0.14
CH05-035 AAP1897 219.46 222.50 Ohc SM 1.32 0.66 20.88 0.81 219.46 222.50 16.00 0.03 1.34 0.09
CH05-035 AAP1899 225.55 228.60 Ohc SM 1.25 0.66 19.53 0.81 225.55 228.60 6.00 0.03 0.82 0.05
CH05-035 AAP1901 231.65 234.70 Ohc SM -0.23 0.66 17.80 0.81 231.65 234.70 2.00 0.02 1.02 0.04
CH05-035 AAP1903 237.74 240.79 Ohc SM 1.01 0.66 17.85 0.81 237.74 240.79 6.00 0.02 1.70 0.07
CH05-035 AAP1905 243.84 246.89 Ohc SM 1.56 0.66 18.16 0.81 243.84 246.89 11.00 0.03 2.71 0.09
CH05-035 AAP1909 249.94 252.98 Ohc SM 0.86 0.66 12.64 0.81 249.94 252.98 33.00 0.02 0.75 0.02
285
CH05-035 AAP1911 256.03 259.08 Ohc SM 1.78 0.66 17.88 0.81 256.03 259.08 8.00 0.02 1.50 0.02
CH05-035 AAP1913 262.13 265.18 Ohc SM 1.25 0.66 15.10 0.81 262.13 265.18 8.00 0.03 1.48 0.02
CH05-035 AAP1915 268.22 271.27 Ohc LM 2.11 0.66 7.80 0.81 268.22 271.27 73.00 0.09 8.43 0.04
CH05-035 AAP1917 274.32 277.37 Ohc LM 0.79 0.66 10.45 0.81 274.32 277.37 446.00 0.79 67.60 2.30
CH05-035 AAP1919 280.42 283.46 Ohc LS 1.30 0.66 15.69 0.81 280.42 283.46 166.00 0.42 45.10 1.56
CH05-035 AAP1921 286.51 289.56 Ohc LS 0.68 0.66 7.49 0.81 286.51 289.56 185.00 0.19 42.50 1.40
CH05-035 - 292.61 295.66 Ohc LS 292.61 295.66 19.00 0.20 4.37 0.07
CH05-035 AAP1925 298.70 301.75 Ohc LS 0.71 0.66 10.95 0.81 298.70 301.75 23.00 0.34 6.04 0.10
CH05-035 AAP1927 304.80 307.85 Ohc LS 1.87 0.66 9.19 0.81 304.80 307.85 29.00 0.13 5.25 0.07
CH05-035 AAP1929 310.90 313.94 Ohc DO 0.38 0.66 15.58 0.81 310.90 313.94 162.00 0.29 55.70 0.73
CH05-035 AAP1931 316.99 320.04 Ohc DO -0.97 0.66 20.37 0.81 316.99 320.04 14.00 0.06 6.67 0.04
CH05-035 AAP1933 323.09 326.14 Ohc DO -0.21 0.66 20.97 0.81 323.09 326.14 29.00 0.07 6.99 0.16
CH05-035 AAP1937 329.18 332.23 Ohc LS 0.51 0.66 19.92 0.81 329.18 332.23 12.00 0.09 7.08 0.06
CH05-035 AAP1939 335.28 338.33 Ohc DO -0.20 0.66 23.99 0.81 335.28 338.33 19.00 0.12 5.69 0.09
CH05-035 AAP1941 341.38 344.42 Ohc DO -0.26 0.66 26.69 0.81 341.38 344.42 8.00 0.03 1.07 0.02
CH05-035 AAP1943 347.47 350.52 Ohc DO -1.25 0.66 20.39 0.81 347.47 350.52 3.90 0.03 0.63 0.02
δ18O
‰
CH05-035 AAP1945 353.57 356.62 Ohc QZ 0.27 0.66 11.59 0.81 353.57 356.62 4.70 0.10 0.98 0.02
CH05-035 AAP1947 359.66 362.71 Ohc DO 0.33 0.66 18.03 0.81 359.66 362.71 47.00 0.65 11.50 0.38
CH05-035 AAP1949 365.76 368.81 Ohc DO 365.76 368.81 31.80 0.48 8.05 0.26
CH05-035 AAP1951 371.86 374.90 Ohc QZ -1.23 0.66 16.33 0.81 371.86 374.90 1.70 0.34 0.60 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5867 249.94 252.98 Dwb SM 1.13 0.99 17.86 0.47 249.94 259.08 25.00 0.08 6.87 0.09
CH05-114 AAQ5869 256.03 259.08 Dwb SM 2.26 0.99 24.30 0.47 249.94 259.08 25.00 0.08 6.87 0.09
CH05-114 AAQ5871 262.13 265.18 Dwb SM 2.57 0.99 23.25 0.47 259.08 268.22 22.00 0.09 5.17 0.06
CH05-114 AAQ5873 268.22 271.27 Dwb SM 1.79 0.99 21.33 0.47 268.22 277.37 25.00 0.10 5.67 0.06
CH05-114 AAQ5875 274.32 277.37 Dwb SM 1.97 0.99 24.74 0.47 268.22 277.37 25.00 0.10 5.67 0.06
CH05-114 AAQ5877 280.42 283.46 Dwb SM 1.98 0.99 24.87 0.47 277.37 286.51 16.00 0.09 1.91 0.03
CH05-114 AAQ5879 286.51 289.56 Dwb SM 1.53 0.99 24.09 0.47 286.51 295.66 21.00 0.08 2.51 0.04
CH05-114 AAQ5881 292.61 295.66 Dwb SM 0.74 0.99 22.12 0.47 286.51 295.66 21.00 0.08 2.51 0.04
286
CH05-114 AAQ5883 298.70 301.75 Dwb SM 0.86 0.99 22.87 0.47 295.66 304.80 12.00 0.09 2.14 0.03
CH05-114 AAQ5885 304.80 307.85 Dwb SM 1.46 0.99 23.71 0.47 304.80 313.94 11.00 0.06 1.70 0.03
CH05-114 AAQ5887 310.90 313.94 Dwb SM 0.58 0.99 20.93 0.47 304.80 313.94 11.00 0.06 1.70 0.03
CH05-114 AAQ5889 316.99 320.04 Dwb SM -0.07 0.99 20.60 0.47 313.94 323.09 14.00 0.08 2.32 0.04
CH05-114 AAQ5891 323.09 326.14 Dwb SM 0.24 0.99 21.15 0.47 323.09 332.23 10.00 0.06 2.01 0.03
CH05-114 AAQ5895 329.18 332.23 Dwb SM 0.84 0.99 22.11 0.47 323.09 332.23 10.00 0.06 2.01 0.03
CH05-114 AAQ5897 335.28 338.33 Dwb SM 0.73 0.99 22.39 0.47 332.23 341.38 22.00 0.04 2.45 0.03
CH05-114 AAQ5899 341.38 344.42 Dwb SM 0.44 0.99 20.83 0.47 341.38 350.52 8.00 0.04 1.36 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5901 347.47 350.52 Dwb SM 0.41 0.99 22.17 0.47 341.38 350.52 8.00 0.04 1.36 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5903 353.57 356.62 Dwb SM 1.80 0.99 18.10 0.47 350.52 359.66 18.00 0.04 1.69 0.03
CH05-114 AAQ5905 359.66 362.71 Dwb SM 0.10 0.99 21.71 0.47 359.66 368.81 34.00 0.07 3.38 0.05
CH05-114 AAQ5907 365.76 368.81 Dwb SM 0.01 0.99 21.65 0.47 359.66 368.81 34.00 0.07 3.38 0.05
CH05-114 AAQ5909 371.86 374.90 Dwb SM 0.36 0.99 22.72 0.47 368.81 377.95 26.00 0.10 3.31 0.07
CH05-114 AAQ5911 377.95 381.00 Dwb SM 0.51 0.99 22.36 0.47 377.95 387.10 26.00 0.08 3.75 0.06
CH05-114 AAQ5913 384.05 387.10 Dwb SM -0.64 0.99 20.90 0.47 377.95 387.10 26.00 0.08 3.75 0.06
CH05-114 AAQ5915 390.14 393.19 Dwb SM -0.43 0.99 19.91 0.47 387.10 396.24 26.00 0.07 2.99 0.05
δ18O
‰
CH05-114 AAQ5917 396.24 399.29 Dwb SM -0.54 0.99 20.89 0.47 396.24 405.38 35.00 0.08 2.65 0.05
CH05-114 AAQ5919 402.34 405.38 Dwb SM 0.16 0.99 19.62 0.47 396.24 405.38 35.00 0.08 2.65 0.05
CH05-114 AAQ5921 408.43 411.48 Dwb SM -0.00 0.99 20.47 0.47 405.38 414.53 25.00 0.21 3.35 0.08
CH05-114 AAQ5925 414.53 417.58 Dwb SM 414.53 423.67 34.00 0.15 3.59 0.10
CH05-114 AAQ5927 420.62 423.67 Dwb SM 414.53 423.67 34.00 0.15 3.59 0.10
CH05-114 AAQ5929 426.72 429.77 Dwb SM -0.16 0.99 18.93 0.47 423.67 432.82 21.00 0.18 2.92 0.05
CH05-114 AAQ5931 432.82 435.86 Dwb SM -0.15 0.99 20.27 0.47 432.82 441.96 5.00 0.03 0.81 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5933 438.91 441.96 Dwb SM 0.16 0.99 22.19 0.47 432.82 441.96 5.00 0.03 0.81 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5935 445.01 448.06 Dwb SM 0.03 0.99 21.37 0.47 441.96 451.10 2.00 0.05 0.72 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5937 451.10 454.15 Dwb SM -0.69 0.99 19.80 0.47 451.10 460.25 3.00 0.05 1.41 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5939 457.20 460.25 Dwb SM -0.11 0.99 18.71 0.47 451.10 460.25 3.00 0.05 1.41 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5941 463.30 466.34 Dwb SM -0.11 0.99 19.88 0.47 460.25 469.39 11.00 0.07 1.42 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5943 469.39 472.44 Dwb SM -0.60 0.99 18.16 0.47 469.39 478.54 3.00 0.07 2.44 0.02
287
CH05-114 AAQ5945 475.49 478.54 Dwb SM -1.27 0.99 18.87 0.47 469.39 478.54 3.00 0.07 2.44 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5947 481.58 484.63 Dwb SM -1.29 0.99 16.62 0.47 478.54 487.68 11.00 0.13 4.75 0.04
CH05-114 AAQ5949 487.68 490.73 Dwb SM -1.36 0.99 16.99 0.47 487.68 496.82 13.00 0.06 1.71 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5953 493.78 496.82 Dwb SM -0.86 1.51 22.20 0.41 487.68 496.82 13.00 0.06 1.71 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5955 499.87 502.92 Dwb SM 496.82 505.97 8.00 0.08 2.84 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5957 505.97 509.02 Dwb SM 1.21 1.51 19.61 0.41 505.97 515.11 8.00 0.16 1.60 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5959 512.06 515.11 Dwb SM 1.41 1.51 21.52 0.41 505.97 515.11 8.00 0.16 1.60 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5961 518.16 521.21 Dwb SM 1.62 1.51 20.94 0.41 515.11 524.26 10.00 0.11 1.95 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5963 524.26 527.30 Dwb SM 1.57 1.51 22.96 0.41 524.26 533.40 30.00 0.31 9.07 0.05
CH05-114 AAQ5965 530.35 533.40 Dwb SM 0.48 1.51 18.20 0.41 524.26 533.40 30.00 0.31 9.07 0.05
CH05-114 AAQ5967 536.45 539.50 Dwb SM 2.21 1.51 20.08 0.41 533.40 542.54 21.00 0.42 5.27 0.03
CH05-114 AAQ5969 542.54 545.59 Dwb SM 0.92 1.51 19.44 0.41 542.54 551.69 14.00 0.33 3.23 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5971 548.64 551.69 Dwb SM 1.52 1.51 19.72 0.41 542.54 551.69 14.00 0.33 3.23 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5973 554.74 557.78 Dwb SM 0.74 1.51 18.17 0.41 551.69 560.83 5.00 0.47 2.08 0.03
CH05-114 AAQ5975 560.83 563.88 Dwb SM 1.10 1.51 18.96 0.41 560.83 569.98 10.00 0.12 1.19 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5977 566.93 569.98 Dwb SM 3.01 1.51 21.95 0.41 560.83 569.98 10.00 0.12 1.19 0.02
δ18O
‰
CH05-114 AAQ5979 573.02 576.07 Dwb SM 2.20 1.51 16.68 0.41 569.98 579.12 6.00 0.17 1.08 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5983 579.12 582.17 Dwb SM 2.15 1.51 20.43 0.41 579.12 588.26 9.00 0.08 1.59 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5985 585.22 588.26 Dwb SM 2.69 1.51 21.23 0.41 579.12 588.26 9.00 0.08 1.59 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5987 591.31 594.36 Dwb SM 1.31 1.51 20.94 0.41 588.26 597.41 12.00 0.07 1.81 0.03
CH05-114 AAQ5989 597.41 600.46 Dwb SM 2.29 1.51 20.92 0.41 597.41 606.55 6.00 0.09 4.76 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5991 603.50 606.55 Dwb SM 2.36 1.51 19.42 0.41 597.41 606.55 6.00 0.09 4.76 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5993 609.60 612.65 Dwb SM 1.89 1.51 16.89 0.41 606.55 615.70 13.00 0.20 5.23 0.06
CH05-114 AAQ5995 615.70 618.74 Dwb SM 1.89 1.51 19.36 0.41 615.70 624.84 16.00 0.11 6.30 0.11
CH05-114 AAQ5997 621.79 624.84 Dwb SM -0.68 0.47 22.71 0.61 615.70 624.84 16.00 0.11 6.30 0.11
CH05-114 AAQ5999 627.89 630.94 Dwb SM 1.51 1.51 22.19 0.41 624.84 633.98 24.00 0.17 5.11 0.12
CH05-114 AAQ6001 633.98 637.03 Dwb SM -0.49 1.51 18.47 0.41 633.98 643.13 24.00 0.21 9.72 0.05
CH05-114 AAQ6003 640.08 643.13 Dwb SM -0.70 1.51 17.07 0.41 633.98 643.13 24.00 0.21 9.72 0.05
CH05-114 AAQ6005 646.18 649.22 Dwb SM -0.32 1.51 18.23 0.41 643.13 652.27 36.00 0.31 12.40 0.05
288
CH05-114 AAQ6007 652.27 655.32 Dwb SM 0.66 1.51 22.04 0.41 652.27 661.42 12.00 0.11 4.59 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6011 658.37 661.42 Dwb SM 0.08 1.51 20.79 0.41 652.27 661.42 12.00 0.11 4.59 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6013 664.46 667.51 Dwb SM -0.57 1.51 17.57 0.41 661.42 670.56 31.00 0.16 13.75 0.04
CH05-114 AAQ6015 670.56 673.61 Dwb SM -0.51 1.51 20.23 0.41 670.56 679.70 21.00 0.26 9.62 0.03
CH05-114 AAQ6017 676.66 679.70 Dwb LS -0.24 1.51 16.78 0.41 670.56 679.70 21.00 0.26 9.62 0.03
CH05-114 AAQ6019 682.75 685.80 Dwb LS 679.70 688.85 15.00 0.18 4.38 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6021 688.85 691.90 Dwb LS 688.85 697.99 11.00 0.06 1.32 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6023 694.94 697.99 Dwb LS 0.24 1.51 23.82 0.41 688.85 697.99 11.00 0.06 1.32 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6025 701.04 704.09 Dwb LS -1.05 1.51 20.94 0.41 697.99 707.14 4.00 0.08 1.45 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6029 713.23 716.28 Dwb LS 0.89 1.51 20.17 0.41 707.14 716.28 7.00 0.10 1.42 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6031 719.33 722.38 Dwb LS 0.71 1.51 22.83 0.41 716.28 725.42 6.00 0.04 1.20 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6033 725.42 728.47 Dwb LS 0.32 1.51 22.54 0.41 725.42 734.57 15.00 0.04 1.30 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6035 731.52 734.57 Dwb LS 0.12 1.51 21.01 0.41 725.42 734.57 15.00 0.04 1.30 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6037 737.62 740.66 Dwb LS 734.57 743.71 8.00 0.09 1.52 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6041 743.71 746.76 Dwb SM -0.62 1.51 20.15 0.41 743.71 752.86 12.00 0.13 2.61 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6043 749.81 752.86 Dwb SM -1.08 1.51 18.13 0.41 743.71 752.86 12.00 0.13 2.61 0.02
δ18O
‰
CH05-114 AAQ6045 755.90 758.95 Dwb SM -0.83 1.51 19.86 0.41 752.86 762.00 7.00 0.17 3.64 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6047 762.00 765.05 Dwb SM -0.58 1.51 18.97 0.41 762.00 771.14 12.00 0.09 2.25 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6049 768.10 771.14 Dwb SM 1.74 0.39 18.03 0.39 762.00 771.14 12.00 0.09 2.25 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6051 774.19 777.24 Dwb SM 1.15 0.39 20.12 0.39 771.14 780.29 10.00 0.12 3.36 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6053 780.29 783.34 Dwb SM 2.03 0.39 22.06 0.39 780.29 789.43 9.00 0.17 2.53 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6055 786.38 789.43 Dwb SM 1.21 0.39 21.90 0.39 780.29 789.43 9.00 0.17 2.53 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6057 792.48 795.53 Dwb SM 1.23 0.39 21.09 0.39 789.43 798.58 11.00 0.07 3.80 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6059 798.58 801.62 Dwb SM 0.78 0.39 20.99 0.39 798.58 807.72 15.00 0.02 1.86 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6061 804.67 807.72 Dwb SM 0.98 0.39 21.36 0.39 798.58 807.72 15.00 0.02 1.86 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6063 810.77 813.82 Dwb SM 1.30 0.39 22.08 0.39 807.72 816.86 11.00 0.12 2.07 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6065 816.86 819.91 Dwb SM 1.41 0.78 18.25 0.58 816.86 826.01 11.00 0.21 3.81 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6069 822.96 826.01 Dwb SM 1.53 0.78 19.14 0.58 816.86 826.01 11.00 0.21 3.81 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6071 829.06 832.10 Dwb SM 0.66 0.78 17.13 0.58 826.01 835.15 13.00 0.15 3.31 0.02
289
CH05-114 AAQ6073 835.15 838.20 Dwb SM 1.92 0.78 19.11 0.58 835.15 844.30 10.00 0.14 3.47 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6075 841.25 844.30 Dwb SM 1.39 0.78 15.29 0.58 835.15 844.30 10.00 0.14 3.47 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6077 847.34 850.39 Dwb SM 2.25 0.78 21.35 0.58 844.30 853.44 4.00 0.16 1.82 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6079 853.44 856.49 Dwb SM 1.94 0.78 21.38 0.58 853.44 862.58 8.00 0.12 1.24 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6081 859.54 862.58 Dwb SM 1.26 0.47 20.80 0.61 853.44 862.58 8.00 0.12 1.24 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6083 865.63 868.68 Dwb LS 1.27 0.78 21.22 0.58 862.58 871.73 7.00 0.07 3.10 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6085 871.73 874.78 Dwb LS 1.82 0.78 20.69 0.58 871.73 880.87 13.00 0.05 2.13 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6087 877.82 880.87 Dwb LS 2.62 0.78 19.14 0.58 871.73 880.87 13.00 0.05 2.13 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6089 883.92 886.97 Dwb LS 1.54 0.78 19.67 0.58 880.87 890.02 15.00 0.30 2.48 0.09
CH05-114 AAQ6091 890.02 893.06 Dwb LS 2.00 0.47 21.82 0.61 890.02 899.16 6.00 0.26 1.47 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6093 896.11 899.16 Dwb LS -0.84 1.51 16.57 0.41 890.02 899.16 6.00 0.26 1.47 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6095 902.21 905.26 Dwb LS -0.36 1.51 16.24 0.41 899.16 908.30 11.00 0.20 2.89 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6099 908.30 911.35 Dwb LS 1.75 0.78 17.14 0.58 908.30 917.45 12.00 0.23 4.18 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6101 914.40 917.45 Dwb LS 0.45 0.47 16.82 0.61 908.30 917.45 12.00 0.23 4.18 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6103 920.50 923.54 Unk LS 1.65 0.78 21.09 0.58 917.45 926.59 19.00 0.24 14.20 0.04
CH05-114 AAQ6105 926.59 929.64 Unk LS 1.91 0.78 14.86 0.58 926.59 935.74 5.00 0.18 3.72 0.02
δ18O
‰
CH05-114 AAQ6107 932.69 935.74 Unk LS 1.41 0.78 18.24 0.58 926.59 935.74 5.00 0.18 3.72 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ6109 938.78 941.83 Unk LS 2.54 0.78 15.37 0.58 935.74 944.88 7.00 0.19 3.51 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5779A 944.88 947.93 Unk LS 2.36 0.78 18.78 0.58 944.88 954.02 5.00 0.18 4.16 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5781A 950.98 954.02 Unk LS 1.20 0.78 17.67 0.58 944.88 954.02 5.00 0.18 4.16 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5783A 957.07 960.12 Unk LS 0.50 0.78 18.77 0.58 954.02 963.17 12.00 0.13 2.47 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5785A 963.17 966.22 Unk LS 1.13 0.78 17.03 0.58 963.17 972.31 13.00 0.14 3.06 0.03
CH05-114 AAQ5787A 969.26 972.31 Unk LS -0.67 0.47 17.95 0.61 963.17 972.31 13.00 0.14 3.06 0.03
CH05-114 AAQ5789A 975.36 978.41 Unk LS 1.63 0.78 16.13 0.58 972.31 981.46 15.00 0.14 2.47 0.03
CH05-114 AAQ5791A 981.46 984.50 Unk LS 0.80 0.78 18.24 0.58 981.46 990.60 22.00 0.19 2.30 0.03
CH05-114 AAQ5793A 987.55 990.60 Unk LS 1.48 0.78 16.13 0.58 981.46 990.60 22.00 0.19 2.30 0.03
CH05-114 AAQ5795A 993.65 996.70 Unk LS 0.72 0.78 13.24 0.58 990.60 999.74 8.00 0.14 1.98 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5797A 999.74 1002.79 Unk LS 0.19 0.78 15.22 0.58 999.74 1008.89 21.00 0.12 2.92 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5799A 1005.84 1008.89 Unk LS 0.22 0.78 10.87 0.58 999.74 1008.89 21.00 0.12 2.92 0.02
290
CH05-114 AAQ5801A 1011.94 1014.98 Unk LS 0.05 0.78 11.92 0.58 1008.89 1018.03 10.00 0.15 2.16 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5803A 1018.03 1021.08 Unk LS 0.42 0.78 11.25 0.58 1018.03 1027.18 16.00 0.26 2.46 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5805A 1024.13 1027.18 Unk LS -0.26 0.78 10.14 0.58 1018.03 1027.18 16.00 0.26 2.46 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5809A 1030.22 1033.27 Unk LS 0.34 0.78 8.48 0.58 1027.18 1036.32 16.00 0.25 3.12 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5811A 1036.32 1039.37 Unk LS -0.44 0.78 10.84 0.58 1036.32 1045.46 13.00 0.30 3.36 0.05
CH05-114 AAQ5813A 1042.42 1045.46 Dwb SM 0.05 0.78 14.59 0.58 1036.32 1045.46 13.00 0.30 3.36 0.05
CH05-114 AAQ5815A 1048.51 1051.56 Dwb SM 0.27 0.78 8.84 0.58 1045.46 1054.61 9.00 0.21 2.82 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5817A 1054.61 1057.66 Dwb SM -0.14 0.78 8.82 0.58 1054.61 1063.75 9.00 0.21 2.72 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5819A 1060.70 1063.75 Dwb SM -0.14 0.78 9.32 0.58 1054.61 1063.75 9.00 0.21 2.72 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5821A 1066.80 1069.85 Dwb SM 0.50 0.78 10.67 0.58 1063.75 1072.90 10.00 0.19 2.75 0.02
CH05-114 AAQ5823A 1072.90 1075.94 Dwb SM 1.18 0.78 8.86 0.58 1072.90 1082.04 20.00 0.22 4.26 0.03
CH05-114 AAQ5825A 1078.99 1082.04 Dwb SM -1.41 0.78 10.97 0.58 1072.90 1082.04 20.00 0.22 4.26 0.03
CH05-114 AAQ5827A 1085.09 1088.14 Dwb SM 1082.04 1091.18 41.00 0.26 9.21 0.08
CH05-114 AAQ5829A 1091.18 1094.23 Dwb SM 0.62 0.78 12.72 0.58 1091.18 1100.33 21.00 0.19 5.52 0.05
CH05-114 AAQ5831A 1097.28 1100.33 Dwb SM -0.43 0.78 13.44 0.58 1091.18 1100.33 21.00 0.19 5.52 0.05
CH05-114 AAQ5833A 1103.38 1106.42 Dwb SM -1.44 0.47 17.54 0.61 1100.33 1109.47 10.00 0.04 1.16 0.02
δ18O
‰
CH05-114 AAQ6027 707.14 710.18 Dwb LS 0.07 1.51 19.78 0.41 707.14 716.28 7.00 0.10 1.42 0.02
CH05-136 AAR5011 0.00 3.05 Tqa AL

CH05-136 AAR5013 6.10 9.14 Dwb SM
CH05-136 AAR5015 12.19 15.24 Dwb SM
CH05-136 AAR5017 18.29 21.34 Dwb SM
CH05-136 AAR5019 24.38 27.43 Dwb SM
CH05-136 AAR5021 30.48 33.53 Dwb SM
CH05-136 AAR5023 36.58 39.62 Dwb SM
CH05-136 AAR5025 42.67 45.72 Dwb SM
CH05-136 AAR5027 48.77 51.82 Dwb SM
CH05-136 AAR5029 54.86 57.91 Dwb SM
CH05-136 AAR5031 60.96 64.01 Dwb SM 1.10 0.39 16.66 0.14 60.96 64.01 10.10 0.02 0.27 0.13
291
CH05-136 AAR5033 67.06 70.10 Dwb SM 1.02 0.39 17.76 0.14 67.06 70.10 19.70 0.03 0.42 0.11
CH05-136 AAR5035 73.15 76.20 Dwb SM 0.89 0.39 16.20 0.14 73.15 76.20 18.00 0.02 0.64 0.14
CH05-136 AAR5039 79.25 82.30 Dwb SM 0.54 0.39 16.03 0.14 79.25 82.30 26.20 0.05 0.46 0.11
CH05-136 AAR5041 85.34 88.39 Dwb SM 1.15 0.39 17.22 0.14 85.34 88.39 15.10 0.03 0.42 0.13
CH05-136 AAR5043 91.44 94.49 Dwb SM 0.78 0.39 17.32 0.14 91.44 94.49 19.80 0.05 0.79 0.08
CH05-136 AAR5045 97.54 100.58 Dwb SM 0.75 0.39 16.55 0.14 97.54 100.58 34.10 0.06 1.02 0.07
CH05-136 AAR5047 103.63 106.68 Dwb SM 1.45 0.39 16.93 0.14 103.63 106.68 20.10 0.04 0.67 0.11
CH05-136 AAR5049 109.73 112.78 Dwb SM 1.54 0.39 17.29 0.14 109.73 112.78 12.40 0.04 0.35 0.20
CH05-136 AAR5051 115.82 118.87 Dwb SM 1.40 0.39 16.49 0.14 115.82 118.87 25.70 0.10 0.72 0.16
CH05-136 AAR5053 121.92 124.97 Dwb SM 1.30 0.28 16.47 0.33 121.92 124.97 22.60 0.22 0.46 0.12
CH05-136 AAR5055 128.02 131.06 Dwb SM 1.55 0.28 18.90 0.33 128.02 131.06 11.70 0.05 0.20 0.12
CH05-136 AAR5057 134.11 137.16 Dwb SM 1.45 0.28 23.96 0.33 134.11 137.16 9.80 0.03 0.16 0.13
CH05-136 AAR5059 140.21 143.26 Dwb SM 1.34 0.28 24.52 0.33 140.21 143.26 11.80 0.03 0.20 0.15
CH05-136 AAR5061 146.30 149.35 Dwb SM 1.21 0.28 23.87 0.33 146.30 149.35 14.20 0.05 0.21 0.14
CH05-136 AAR5063 152.40 155.45 Dwb SM 0.91 0.39 23.42 0.14 152.40 155.45 12.70 0.04 0.24 0.15
CH05-136 AAR5067 158.50 161.54 Dwb SM 0.80 0.28 21.01 0.33 158.50 161.54 16.90 0.04 0.39 0.15
δ18O
‰
CH05-136 AAR5069 164.59 167.64 Dwb SM 0.91 0.28 24.64 0.33 164.59 167.64 7.80 0.06 0.40 0.19
CH05-136 AAR5071 170.69 173.74 Dwb SM 0.67 0.28 21.84 0.33 170.69 173.74 15.60 0.05 0.37 0.15
CH05-136 AAR5073 176.78 179.83 Dwb SM 1.28 0.28 19.47 0.33 176.78 179.83 193.00 1.47 13.80 0.29
CH05-136 AAR5075 182.88 185.93 Dwb SM 1.08 0.28 25.07 0.33 182.88 185.93 6.70 0.04 0.43 0.17
CH05-136 AAR5077 188.98 192.02 Dwb SM 1.19 0.28 21.67 0.33 188.98 192.02 12.60 0.06 0.38 0.16
CH05-136 AAR5079 195.07 198.12 Dwb SM 1.55 0.28 20.33 0.33 195.07 198.12 29.80 0.07 1.17 0.15
CH05-136 AAR5081 201.17 204.22 Dwb SM 1.50 0.39 13.30 0.14 201.17 204.22 12.80 0.04 0.99 0.05
CH05-136 AAR5083 207.26 210.31 Dwb SM 1.38 0.28 13.75 0.33 207.26 210.31 8.90 0.04 0.66 0.04
CH05-136 AAR5085 213.36 216.41 Dwb SM 1.64 0.28 17.09 0.33 213.36 216.41 8.00 0.02 0.38 0.05
CH05-136 AAR5087 219.46 222.50 Dwb SM 0.85 0.28 13.79 0.33 219.46 222.50 63.40 0.38 6.75 0.05
CH05-136 AAR5089 225.55 228.60 Dwb SM -0.37 0.28 16.82 0.33 225.55 228.60 7.20 0.08 0.35 0.10
CH05-136 AAR5091 231.65 234.70 Dwb SM -0.08 0.28 17.78 0.33 231.65 234.70 11.60 0.05 0.73 0.10
CH05-136 AAR5095 237.74 240.79 Dwb SM 0.62 0.28 14.85 0.33 237.74 240.79 10.20 0.16 1.10 0.03
292
CH05-136 AAR5097 243.84 246.89 Dwb SM -0.38 0.28 13.08 0.33 243.84 246.89 15.20 0.10 3.36 0.05
CH05-136 AAR5099 249.94 252.98 Dwb SM -1.27 0.28 10.83 0.33 249.94 252.98 439.00 0.09 173.50 0.06
CH05-136 AAR5101 256.03 259.08 Dwb SM -0.64 0.28 13.80 0.33 256.03 259.08 25.60 0.17 2.60 0.10
CH05-136 AAR5103 262.13 265.18 Int QP 262.13 265.18 21.40 0.12 0.65 0.09
CH05-136 AAR5107 274.32 277.37 Int QP 274.32 277.37 16.00 0.04 0.38 0.11
CH05-136 AAR5111 286.51 289.56 Int QP 286.51 289.56 8.20 0.03 0.32 0.14
CH05-136 AAR5115 298.70 301.75 Dwb SM 298.70 301.75 25.90 0.14 0.55 0.07
CH05-136 AAR5119 310.90 313.94 Dwb QP 310.90 313.94 14.40 0.05 0.15 0.05
CH05-136 AAR5124 320.04 323.09 Dwb CS 320.04 323.09 16.10 0.03 0.22 0.21
CH05-136 AAR5127 329.18 332.23 Dwb CS 329.18 332.23 12.30 0.02 0.08 0.06
CH05-136 AAR5129 335.28 338.33 Dwb SM 335.28 338.33 13.20 0.03 0.24 0.06
CH05-136 AAR5131 341.38 344.42 Dwb SM 341.38 344.42 14.20 0.04 0.13 0.09
CH05-136 AAR5133 347.47 350.52 Dwb SM 347.47 350.52 16.00 0.02 0.48 0.30
CH05-136 AAR5135 353.57 356.62 Dwb SM 353.57 356.62 11.70 0.01 0.55 0.21
CH05-136 AAR5137 359.66 362.71 Dwb SM 359.66 362.71 27.10 0.02 0.83 0.24
CH05-136 AAR5139 365.76 368.81 Dwb CS 365.76 368.81 5.20 0.01 0.16 0.07
δ18O
‰
CH05-136 AAR5141 371.86 374.90 Dwb SM 371.86 374.90 39.00 0.25 0.88 0.17
CH05-136 AAR5143 377.95 381.00 Dwb CS 377.95 381.00 83.20 0.06 1.68 0.02
CH05-136 AAR5145 384.05 387.10 Dwb SM 384.05 387.10 62.30 0.07 1.41 0.22
CH05-136 AAR5147 390.14 393.19 Dwb SM 390.14 393.19 182.50 0.12 2.60 0.21
CH05-136 AAR5151 396.24 399.29 Dwb SM 396.24 399.29 315.00 0.22 2.57 0.10
CH05-136 AAR5153 402.34 405.38 Dwb SM 402.34 405.38 244.00 0.19 1.98 0.21
CH05-136 AAR5155 408.43 411.48 Dwb SM 408.43 411.48 179.50 0.07 2.63 0.10
CH05-136 AAR5157 414.53 417.58 Int QP 414.53 417.58 60.90 0.09 0.80 0.31
CH05-136 AAR5159 420.62 423.67 Int QP 420.62 423.67 80.70 0.14 0.76 0.27
CH05-136 AAR5161 426.72 429.77 Int QP 426.72 429.77 12.20 0.12 0.45 0.11
CH05-136 AAR5163 432.82 435.86 Dwb SM -1.54 0.28 15.35 0.33 432.82 435.86 112.50 0.07 0.80 0.65
CH05-136 AAR5165 438.91 441.96 Dwb SM -2.47 0.28 15.40 0.33 438.91 441.96 8.00 0.28 0.29 0.36
CH05-136 AAR5167 445.01 448.06 Dwb SM -2.45 0.28 17.34 0.33 445.01 448.06 17.90 0.04 0.53 0.27
293
CH05-136 AAR5169 451.10 454.15 Dwb SM -2.59 0.28 14.76 0.33 451.10 454.15 11.30 0.47 0.61 0.21
CH05-136 AAR5171 457.20 460.25 Dwb SM 457.20 460.25 17.80 0.04 0.67 0.57
CH05-136 AAR5173 463.30 466.34 Dwb SM -2.03 0.28 19.03 0.33 463.30 466.34 7.60 0.03 0.41 0.26
CH05-136 AAR5175 469.39 472.44 Dwb SM -2.72 0.28 12.97 0.33 469.39 472.44 8.80 0.33 0.89 0.12
CH05-136 AAR5179 475.49 478.54 Dwb SM -1.41 0.28 21.03 0.33 475.49 478.54 10.20 0.06 1.71 0.24
CH05-136 AAR5181 481.58 484.63 Dwb SM -1.57 0.28 15.96 0.33 481.58 484.63 10.60 0.19 0.78 0.19
CH05-136 AAR5183 487.68 490.73 Int QP 487.68 490.73 18.40 0.10 0.36 0.20
CH05-136 AAR5185 493.78 496.82 Dwb SM 0.55 0.28 20.24 0.33 493.78 496.82 9.50 0.07 0.99 0.17
CH05-136 AAR5187 499.87 502.92 Dwb SM -1.09 0.28 16.78 0.33 499.87 502.92 7.70 0.13 0.99 0.19
CH05-136 AAR5189 505.97 509.02 Dwb SM -1.62 0.28 17.53 0.33 505.97 509.02 12.50 0.07 1.75 0.21
CH05-136 AAR5191 512.06 515.11 Dwb SM -1.62 0.28 17.73 0.33 512.06 515.11 10.80 0.16 2.28 0.23
CH05-136 AAR5193 518.16 521.21 Dwb SM -0.76 0.39 13.47 0.14 518.16 521.21 25.90 1.61 2.64 0.35
CH05-136 AAR5195 524.26 527.30 Dwb SM -1.18 0.28 14.41 0.33 524.26 527.30 49.20 1.92 3.36 0.91
CH05-136 AAR5197 530.35 533.40 Dwb SM -0.64 0.28 4.76 0.33 530.35 533.40 69.30 2.19 3.43 1.51
CH05-136 AAR5199 536.45 539.50 Dwb SM -0.06 0.39 6.02 0.14 536.45 539.50 112.50 3.13 4.43 2.13
CH05-136 AAR5201 542.54 545.59 Dwb SM -1.13 0.39 10.84 0.14 542.54 545.59 252.00 8.28 14.30 5.89
δ18O
‰
CH05-136 AAR5203 548.64 551.69 Dwb SM -2.75 0.28 15.00 0.33 548.64 551.69 123.50 6.40 16.55 4.45
CH05-136 AAR5207 554.74 557.78 Dwb SM -2.81 0.28 10.70 0.33 554.74 557.78 102.00 2.63 13.20 1.11
CH05-136 AAR5209 560.83 563.88 Dwb SM -1.73 0.28 5.82 0.33 560.83 563.88 121.50 4.09 9.72 2.52
CH05-136 AAR5211 566.93 569.98 Dwb SM -2.02 0.28 5.87 0.33 566.93 569.98 162.50 4.93 9.22 2.25
CH05-136 AAR5213 573.02 576.07 Dwb SM 569.98 579.12 187.00 8.60 7.50 1.27
CH05-136 AAR5215 579.12 582.17 Dwb SM 579.12 588.26 212.00 6.67 7.13 0.93
CH05-136 AAR5217 585.22 588.26 Int SM 579.12 588.26 212.00 6.67 7.13 0.93
CH05-136 AAR5219 591.31 594.36 Dwb SM 588.26 597.41 131.00 1.36 5.91 0.54
CH05-136 AAR5221 597.41 600.46 Dwb -1.87 0.28 17.97 0.33 597.41 600.46 40.90 0.44 3.99 0.38
CH05-136 AAR5223 603.50 606.55 Dwb -2.18 0.39 15.63 0.14 603.50 606.55 53.00 0.44 2.87 0.21
CH05-136 AAR5225 609.60 612.65 Dwb -2.12 0.39 13.91 0.14 609.60 612.65 36.90 0.19 1.84 0.09
CH05-136 AAR5227 615.70 618.74 Dwb -2.09 0.39 17.41 0.14 615.70 618.74 46.20 0.28 1.51 0.20
CH05-136 AAR5229 621.79 624.84 Dwb 621.79 624.84 50.40 0.36 1.60 0.13
294
CH05-136 AAR5231 627.89 630.94 Dwb 627.89 630.94 58.80 0.18 1.41 0.12
CH05-136 AAR5235 633.98 637.03 Dwb 633.98 637.03 22.20 0.11 1.24 0.13
δ18O
‰
CH06-012 AAT8967 0.00 3.05 Tqa AL 0.00 6.10 24.00 0.13 7.24 0.20
CH06-012 AAT8969 6.10 9.14 Tqa AL 6.10 12.19 24.00 0.12 7.46 0.21
CH06-012 AAT8971 12.19 15.24 Tqa AL 12.19 18.29 27.00 0.11 4.26 0.17
CH06-012 AAT8973 18.29 21.34 Tqa AL 18.29 24.38 53.00 0.23 4.16 0.44
CH06-012 AAT8975 24.38 27.43 Tqa AL 24.38 30.48 94.30 0.47 5.92 1.04
CH06-012 AAT8978 30.48 33.53 Tqa AL 30.48 36.58 116.00 0.47 7.64 1.03
CH06-012 AAT8980 36.58 39.62 Tqa AL 36.58 42.67 76.80 0.32 4.75 0.81
CH06-012 AAT8982 42.67 45.72 Tqa AL 42.67 48.77 73.50 0.37 4.74 0.79
CH06-012 AAT8984 48.77 51.82 Tqa AL 48.77 54.86 81.60 0.33 5.56 1.02
CH06-012 AAT8986 54.86 57.91 Tqa AL 54.86 60.96 76.20 0.27 5.37 1.17
CH06-012 AAT8989 60.96 64.01 Tqa AL 60.96 67.06 66.20 0.25 4.42 1.04
CH06-012 AAT8991 67.06 70.10 Tqa AL 67.06 73.15 108.50 0.34 7.52 1.12
CH06-012 AAT8993 73.15 76.20 Tqa CG 73.15 79.25 14.30 0.10 1.19 0.21
295
CH06-012 AAT8995 79.25 82.30 Tqa CG 79.25 85.34 35.00 0.14 1.23 0.36
CH06-012 AAT8997 85.34 88.39 Tqa CG 85.34 91.44 37.00 0.17 1.27 0.27
CH06-012 AAT9000 91.44 94.49 Tqa CG 91.44 97.54 37.90 0.37 1.59 0.46
CH06-012 AAT9002 97.54 100.58 Tqa CG 97.54 103.63 42.90 0.37 1.57 0.46
CH06-012 AAT9004 103.63 106.68 Tqa CG 103.63 109.73 24.50 0.35 0.89 0.36
CH06-012 AAT9006 109.73 112.78 Tqa CG 109.73 115.82 40.40 0.34 1.29 0.60
CH06-012 AAT9008 115.82 118.87 Tqa CG 115.82 121.92 18.20 0.06 0.39 0.21
CH06-012 AAT9011 121.92 124.97 Unk TF 121.92 128.02 18.20 0.02 0.33 0.17
CH06-012 AAT9013 128.02 131.06 Unk TF 128.02 134.11 31.70 0.04 0.76 0.31
CH06-012 AAT9015 134.11 137.16 Unk TF 134.11 140.21 36.30 0.07 0.72 0.37
CH06-012 AAT9017 140.21 143.26 Unk TF 140.21 146.30 28.10 0.05 0.54 0.21
CH06-012 AAT9019 146.30 149.35 Unk TF 146.30 152.40 21.90 0.02 0.31 0.12
CH06-012 AAT9022 152.40 155.45 Unk TF 152.40 158.50 21.10 0.08 0.32 0.16
CH06-012 AAT9024 158.50 161.54 Dwb MI 158.50 164.59 14.00 0.03 0.40 0.10
CH06-012 AAT9026 164.59 167.64 Dwb MI -0.26 0.23 23.52 0.19 164.59 170.69 25.00 0.02 0.33 0.20
CH06-012 AAT9028 170.69 173.74 Dwb MI 0.04 0.23 24.85 0.19 170.69 176.78 21.00 0.02 0.33 0.37
δ18O
‰
CH06-012 AAT9030 176.78 179.83 Int QP 176.78 182.88 16.80 0.05 0.73 0.12
CH06-012 AAT9033 182.88 185.93 Int QP 182.88 188.98 63.00 0.06 1.84 0.13
CH06-012 AAT9035 188.98 192.02 Dwb SL -0.68 0.23 19.93 0.19 188.98 195.07 17.00 0.02 0.41 0.13
CH06-012 AAT9037 195.07 198.12 Dwb SL -0.97 0.27 20.36 0.49 195.07 201.17 4.00 0.01 0.16 0.14
CH06-012 AAT9039 201.17 204.22 Dwb SL -0.19 0.23 19.94 0.19 201.17 207.26 7.00 0.01 0.27 0.13
CH06-012 AAT9041 207.26 210.31 Dwb SL -0.38 0.23 22.80 0.19 207.26 213.36 4.00 0.01 0.15 0.06
CH06-012 AAT9044 213.36 216.41 Dwb SL -0.11 0.23 20.74 0.19 213.36 219.46 8.00 0.01 0.48 0.05
CH06-012 AAT9046 219.46 222.50 Dwb SL -0.84 0.23 19.50 0.19 219.46 225.55 9.00 0.02 1.86 0.11
CH06-012 AAT9048 225.55 228.60 Dwb SL -0.88 0.23 11.61 0.19 225.55 231.65 22.00 0.06 3.78 0.09
CH06-012 AAT9050 231.65 234.70 Dwb SL -0.00 0.23 11.66 0.19 231.65 237.74 37.00 0.10 4.18 0.04
CH06-012 AAT9052 237.74 240.79 Dwb SL -0.01 0.23 10.42 0.19 237.74 243.84 37.00 0.16 4.87 0.06
CH06-012 AAT9055 243.84 246.89 Dwb SL -0.71 0.23 13.45 0.19 243.84 249.94 119.00 0.25 11.80 0.17
CH06-012 AAT9057 249.94 252.98 Dwb SL -1.13 0.23 21.44 0.19 249.94 256.03 21.00 0.07 3.26 0.14
296
CH06-012 AAT9059 256.03 259.08 Dwb SL -0.71 0.23 25.42 0.19 256.03 262.13 6.00 0.03 1.18 0.07
CH06-012 AAT9061 262.13 265.18 Dwb SL -0.15 0.23 27.14 0.19 262.13 268.22 23.00 0.04 1.10 0.08
CH06-012 AAT9063 268.22 271.27 Dwb SL -1.05 0.27 25.38 0.49 268.22 274.32 61.00 0.06 2.42 0.17
CH06-012 AAT9066 274.32 277.37 Dwb SL -0.16 0.23 26.48 0.19 274.32 280.42 25.00 0.03 0.87 0.13
CH06-012 AAT9068 280.42 283.46 Dwb SL -0.73 0.23 25.92 0.19 280.42 286.51 18.00 0.03 0.64 0.12
CH06-012 AAT9070 286.51 289.56 Dwb SL -0.91 0.23 25.73 0.19 286.51 292.61 78.00 0.09 3.95 0.13
CH06-012 AAT9072 292.61 295.66 Dwb SL -0.95 0.23 23.18 0.19 292.61 298.70 62.00 0.14 4.02 0.33
CH06-012 AAT9074 298.70 301.75 Dwb SL -0.40 0.23 17.42 0.19 298.70 304.80 29.00 0.05 1.51 0.27
CH06-012 AAT9077 304.80 307.85 Dwb SL -0.84 0.23 20.01 0.19 304.80 310.90 46.00 0.02 5.06 0.83
CH06-012 AAT9079 310.90 313.94 Dwb SL -0.59 0.23 20.99 0.19 310.90 316.99 85.00 0.03 23.90 0.36
CH06-012 AAT9081 316.99 320.04 Dwb SL -0.33 0.23 17.02 0.19 316.99 323.09 60.00 0.05 7.82 0.20
CH06-012 AAT9083 323.09 326.14 Dwb SL -0.51 0.23 14.53 0.19 323.09 329.18 73.00 0.16 4.49 0.15
CH06-012 AAT9085 329.18 332.23 Dwb SL -0.28 0.23 16.42 0.19 329.18 335.28 80.00 0.16 4.48 0.12
CH06-012 AAT9088 335.28 338.33 Dwb SL -0.31 0.25 13.76 0.69 335.28 341.38 61.00 0.23 4.84 0.10
CH06-012 AAT9090 341.38 344.42 Dwb SL 0.19 0.25 10.48 0.69 341.38 347.47 105.00 0.32 6.79 0.16
CH06-012 AAT9092 347.47 350.52 Dwb SL -0.17 0.25 7.51 0.69 347.47 353.57 98.00 0.31 7.05 0.21
δ18O
‰
CH06-012 AAT9094 353.57 356.62 Dwb SL -0.59 0.25 5.31 0.69 353.57 359.66 57.00 0.15 5.39 0.07
CH06-012 AAT9096 359.66 362.71 Dwb SL 0.21 0.25 16.31 0.69 359.66 365.76 86.00 0.24 5.22 0.09
CH06-012 AAT9099 365.76 368.81 Dwb SL -0.83 0.27 13.26 0.49 365.76 371.86 186.00 0.21 28.60 0.53
CH06-012 AAT9101 371.86 374.90 Unk - 0.16 0.25 6.70 0.69 371.86 377.95 206.00 0.47 19.25 0.51
CH06-012 AAT9103 377.95 381.00 Unk - -2.46 0.25 7.87 0.69 377.95 384.05 526.00 0.42 65.80 0.57
CH06-012 AAT9105 384.05 387.10 Unk - 384.05 390.14 89.00 0.14 5.35 0.24
CH06-012 AAT9107 390.14 393.19 Unk - 390.14 396.24 116.00 0.12 9.88 0.32
CH06-012 AAT9110 396.24 399.29 Dwb SL 396.24 402.34 63.00 0.11 5.29 0.06
CH06-012 AAT9112 402.34 405.38 Dwb SL -0.21 0.25 16.96 0.69 402.34 408.43 60.00 0.12 4.25 0.10
CH06-012 AAT9114 408.43 411.48 Dwb SL -0.08 0.25 21.53 0.69 408.43 414.53 17.00 0.15 1.11 0.13
CH06-012 AAT9116 414.53 417.58 Dwb SL -0.11 0.25 21.30 0.69 414.53 420.62 49.00 0.03 2.61 0.21
CH06-012 AAT9118 420.62 423.67 Dwb SL -0.50 0.25 21.28 0.69 420.62 426.72 43.00 0.03 1.83 0.18
CH06-012 AAT9121 426.72 429.77 Dwb SL -2.11 0.25 19.43 0.69 426.72 432.82 36.00 0.02 2.02 0.26
297
CH06-012 AAT9123 432.82 435.86 Dwb SL -2.31 0.25 19.15 0.69 432.82 438.91 34.00 0.03 4.04 0.32
CH06-012 AAT9125 438.91 441.96 Dwb SL -0.41 0.25 16.62 0.69 438.91 445.01 28.00 0.04 1.63 0.18
CH06-012 AAT9127 445.01 448.06 Dwb SL 445.01 451.10 59.00 0.03 3.48 0.14
CH06-012 AAT9129 451.10 454.15 Dwb SL 0.34 0.25 22.53 0.69 451.10 457.20 20.00 0.02 1.47 0.12
CH06-012 AAT9132 457.20 460.25 Dwb SL 457.20 463.30 27.00 0.02 1.86 0.08
CH06-012 AAT9134 463.30 466.34 Dwb SL 463.30 469.39 68.00 0.05 3.69 0.17
CH06-012 AAT9136 469.39 472.44 Dwb SL 469.39 475.49 63.00 0.05 3.24 0.18
CH06-012 AAT9138 475.49 478.54 Dwb SL 475.49 481.58 20.00 0.02 0.90 0.09
CH06-012 AAT9140 481.58 484.63 Dwb SL 481.58 487.68 35.00 0.05 1.61 0.14
CH06-012 AAT9143 487.68 490.73 Dwb SL 487.68 493.78 21.00 0.04 2.15 0.11
CH06-012 AAT9145 493.78 496.82 Dwb SL 493.78 499.87 33.00 0.02 1.87 0.08
CH06-012 AAT9147 499.87 502.92 Dwb SL 499.87 505.97 28.00 0.03 1.63 0.37
CH06-012 AAT9149 505.97 509.02 Dwb SL 505.97 512.06 33.00 0.03 1.45 0.37
CH06-012 AAT9151 512.06 515.11 Dwb SL 512.06 518.16 57.00 0.05 3.10 0.26
CH06-012 AAT9154 518.16 521.21 Dwb SL 518.16 524.26 29.00 0.03 1.25 0.24
CH06-012 AAT9156 524.26 527.30 Dwb SL 524.26 530.35 48.00 0.03 2.57 0.40
δ18O
‰
CH06-012 AAT9158 530.35 533.40 Dwb SL 530.35 536.45 42.00 0.07 3.53 0.14
CH06-012 AAT9160 536.45 539.50 Dwb SL 536.45 542.54 26.00 0.03 1.95 0.10
CH06-012 AAT9162 542.54 545.59 Dwb SL 542.54 548.64 45.00 0.03 2.82 0.13
CH06-012 AAT9165 548.64 551.69 Dwb SL 548.64 554.74 22.90 0.02 1.30 0.08
CH06-012 AAT9167 554.74 557.78 Srm CS 554.74 560.83 43.50 0.03 2.95 0.11
CH06-012 AAT9169 560.83 563.88 Srm CS 560.83 566.93 27.10 0.02 1.71 0.08
CH06-012 AAT9171 566.93 569.98 Srm CS 566.93 573.02 38.20 0.04 3.32 0.11
CH06-012 AAT9173 573.02 576.07 Srm CS 573.02 579.12 37.50 0.04 2.43 0.14
CH06-012 AAT9176 579.12 582.17 Srm CS 579.12 585.22 39.60 0.04 2.12 0.21
CH06-012 AAT9178 585.22 588.26 Srm SL 585.22 591.31 39.00 0.03 2.47 0.36
CH06-012 AAT9180 591.31 594.36 Srm SL 591.31 597.41 30.00 0.02 1.71 0.49
CH06-012 AAT9182 597.41 600.46 Srm CS 597.41 603.50 20.70 0.06 1.19 0.07
CH06-012 AAT9184 603.50 606.55 Srm CS 603.50 609.60 30.00 0.05 1.65 0.11
298
CH06-012 AAT9187 609.60 612.65 Srm CS 609.60 615.70 22.10 0.04 1.31 0.11
CH06-012 AAT9189 615.70 618.74 Srm CS 615.70 621.79 21.70 0.04 1.04 0.10
CH06-012 AAT9191 621.79 624.84 Srm CS 621.79 627.89 18.60 0.04 0.98 0.08
CH06-012 AAT9193 627.89 630.94 Srm CS 627.89 633.98 41.40 0.17 1.88 0.08
CH06-012 AAT9195 633.98 637.03 Srm CS 633.98 640.08 26.60 0.06 1.42 0.09
CH06-012 AAT9198 640.08 643.13 Srm CS 640.08 646.18 15.00 0.02 0.65 0.08
CH06-012 AAT9200 646.18 649.22 Srm SL 646.18 652.27 24.00 0.03 1.22 0.26
CH06-012 AAT9202 652.27 655.32 Int QP 652.27 658.37 7.50 0.05 0.42 0.07
CH06-012 AAT9204 658.37 661.42 Srm CS 658.37 664.46 14.40 0.04 1.59 0.12
CH06-012 AAT9206 664.46 667.51 Srm CS 664.46 670.56 17.00 0.02 1.34 0.09
CH06-012 AAT9209 670.56 673.61 Srm CS -2.47 0.31 14.90 0.37 670.56 676.66 13.00 0.03 1.62 0.15
CH06-012 AAT9211 676.66 679.70 Srm SL 676.66 682.75 15.00 0.09 2.34 0.13
CH06-012 AAT9213 682.75 685.80 Srm CS 682.75 688.85 14.10 0.03 1.16 0.07
CH06-012 AAT9215 688.85 691.90 Srm CS 688.85 694.94 25.00 0.09 3.91 0.29
CH06-012 AAT9217 694.94 697.99 Srm SL 694.94 701.04 17.00 0.03 1.40 0.13
CH06-012 AAT9220 701.04 704.09 Srm SL -0.90 0.31 16.16 0.37 701.04 707.14 24.00 0.03 3.18 0.21
δ18O
‰
CH06-012 AAT9222 707.14 710.18 Srm SL 707.14 713.23 18.00 0.02 2.04 0.20
CH06-012 AAT9224 713.23 716.28 Srm SL 713.23 719.33 23.00 0.03 1.83 0.16
CH06-012 AAT9226 719.33 722.38 Srm SL 719.33 725.42 17.00 0.03 1.25 0.16
CH06-012 AAT9228 725.42 728.47 Srm SL -0.39 0.31 19.82 0.37 725.42 731.52 36.00 0.05 4.26 0.14
CH06-012 AAT9231 731.52 734.57 Srm SL 731.52 737.62 249.00 0.11 15.10 0.55
CH06-012 AAT9233 737.62 740.66 Srm SL -1.13 0.31 16.30 0.37 737.62 743.71 205.00 0.10 16.00 0.49
CH06-012 AAT9235 743.71 746.76 Srm SL -0.92 0.31 18.31 0.37 743.71 749.81 169.00 0.09 12.80 0.41
CH06-012 AAT9237 749.81 752.86 Srm SL -0.97 0.31 21.40 0.37 749.81 755.90 172.00 0.09 13.00 0.47
CH06-012 AAT9239 755.90 758.95 Srm SL -1.15 0.31 16.76 0.37 755.90 762.00 146.00 0.07 10.95 0.32
CH06-012 AAT9242 762.00 765.05 Srm SL -1.10 0.31 17.35 0.37 762.00 768.10 215.00 0.11 13.15 0.44
CH06-012 AAT9244 768.10 771.14 Srm SL -1.10 0.31 15.36 0.37 768.10 774.19 74.00 0.06 5.11 0.24
CH06-012 AAT9246 774.19 777.24 Srm SL -2.83 0.31 16.95 0.37 774.19 780.29 74.00 0.08 5.76 0.18
CH06-012 AAT9248 780.29 783.34 Srm SL -1.77 0.31 15.15 0.37 780.29 786.38 130.00 0.08 8.78 0.28
299
CH06-012 AAT9250 786.38 789.43 Int SL 786.38 792.48 57.00 0.06 3.94 0.17
CH06-012 AAT9253 792.48 795.53 Srm SL 792.48 798.58 118.00 0.08 7.25 0.27
CH06-012 AAT9255 798.58 801.62 Srm SL 798.58 804.67 113.00 0.08 7.71 0.33
CH06-012 AAT9257 804.67 807.72 Srm CS -4.03 0.31 16.60 0.37 804.67 810.77 63.00 0.04 3.79 0.22
CH06-012 AAT9259 810.77 813.82 Srm CS -3.98 0.31 14.45 0.37 810.77 816.86 93.00 0.04 5.91 0.20
CH06-012 AAT9261 816.86 819.91 Srm CS -3.37 0.31 14.01 0.37 816.86 822.96 57.00 0.36 6.79 0.20
CH06-012 AAT9264 822.96 826.01 Srm CS -3.36 0.31 13.09 0.37 822.96 829.06 191.00 0.88 12.95 0.48
CH06-012 AAT9266 829.06 832.10 Srm CS 829.06 835.15 136.50 0.98 15.00 0.46
CH06-012 AAT9268 835.15 838.20 Int QP 835.15 841.25 69.40 0.48 6.61 0.48
CH06-012 AAT9270 841.25 844.30 Int QP 841.25 847.34 110.00 0.19 7.79 0.35
CH06-012 AAT9272 847.34 850.39 Int QP 847.34 853.44 67.10 0.65 7.74 0.43
CH06-012 AAT9275 853.44 856.49 Ohc DO -1.45 0.31 4.39 0.37 853.44 859.54 88.00 0.91 11.20 0.48
CH06-012 AAT9277 859.54 862.58 Ohc DO -2.07 0.31 10.84 0.37 859.54 865.63 48.00 0.74 6.91 0.15
CH06-012 AAT9279 865.63 868.68 Ohc DO -2.00 0.27 12.59 0.49 865.63 871.73 63.00 0.46 8.47 0.31
CH06-012 AAT9281 871.73 874.78 Ohc DO -1.42 0.31 24.19 0.37 871.73 877.82 62.00 0.25 5.06 0.16
CH06-012 AAT9283 877.82 880.87 Ohc DO 0.10 0.31 23.31 0.37 877.82 883.92 47.00 0.19 5.04 0.14
δ18O
‰
CH06-012 AAT9286 883.92 886.97 Ohc DO 0.19 0.31 24.51 0.37 883.92 890.02 30.00 0.10 2.35 0.12
CH06-012 AAT9288 890.02 893.06 Ohc DO 890.02 896.11 59.00 0.29 5.72 0.49
CH06-012 AAT9290 896.11 899.16 Ohc DO -0.36 0.31 18.51 0.37 896.11 902.21 79.00 0.77 10.20 0.95
CH06-012 AAT9292 902.21 905.26 Ohc DO -0.53 0.31 11.41 0.37 902.21 908.30 258.00 3.23 37.80 5.02
CH06-012 AAT9294 908.30 911.35 Ohc LS -0.30 0.31 7.64 0.37 908.30 914.40 339.00 3.59 46.30 5.56
CH06-012 AAT9297 914.40 917.45 Ohc LS -0.77 0.27 13.56 0.49 914.40 920.50 243.00 2.68 32.70 4.28
CH06-012 AAT9299 920.50 923.54 Ohc LS -0.25 0.31 16.72 0.37 920.50 926.59 178.00 1.26 19.60 2.31
CH06-012 AAT9301 926.59 929.64 Ohc LS -0.31 0.27 16.52 0.49 926.59 932.69 90.00 0.44 7.23 0.95
CH06-012 AAT9303 932.69 935.74 Ohc LS -0.04 0.31 22.83 0.37 932.69 938.78 118.00 0.96 13.00 1.89
CH06-012 AAT9305 938.78 941.83 Ohc LS 0.12 0.27 15.51 0.49 938.78 944.88 319.00 2.23 37.20 4.28
CH06-012 AAT9308 944.88 947.93 Ohc LS -0.13 0.31 14.86 0.37 944.88 950.98 472.00 4.22 64.80 7.59
CH06-012 AAT9310 950.98 954.02 Ohc LS 0.02 0.31 11.92 0.37 950.98 957.07 171.00 1.53 30.00 2.86
CH06-012 AAT9312 957.07 960.12 Ohc LS 0.53 0.31 9.25 0.37 957.07 963.17 227.00 1.61 28.40 2.90
300
CH06-012 AAT9314 963.17 966.22 Ohc LS 0.52 0.31 18.57 0.37 963.17 969.26 142.00 1.27 30.00 2.31
CH06-012 AAT9316 969.26 972.31 Ohc LS 0.73 0.31 8.13 0.37 969.26 975.36 159.00 2.30 41.50 3.75
CH06-012 AAT9319 975.36 978.41 Ohc LS 0.16 0.31 19.16 0.37 975.36 981.46 142.00 1.31 25.00 2.19
CH06-012 AAT9321 981.46 984.50 Ohc LS -0.15 0.27 15.56 0.49 981.46 987.55 234.00 2.53 40.50 3.05
CH06-012 AAT9323 987.55 990.60 Ohc QP 987.55 993.65 53.60 1.96 14.40 1.15
CH06-012 AAT9325 993.65 996.70 Ohc QP 993.65 999.74 51.50 1.29 9.76 0.85
CH06-012 AAT9327 999.74 1002.79 Ohc QP 999.74 1005.84 68.40 0.54 6.74 0.61
CH06-012 AAT9330 1005.84 1008.89 Ohc QP 1005.84 1011.94 75.60 0.51 6.33 0.82
δ18O
‰
CH06-015 AAS9576 0.00 3.05 Tqa AL 0.00 6.10 32.00 0.18 5.10 0.14
CH06-015 AAS9579 6.10 9.14 Tqa AL 6.10 12.19 34.00 0.12 4.42 0.26
CH06-015 AAS9581 12.19 15.24 Dwb SM -0.42 0.26 22.90 0.39 12.19 18.29 18.00 0.09 3.65 0.15
CH06-015 AAS9583 18.29 21.34 Dwb SM -0.02 0.26 28.15 0.39 18.29 24.38 7.00 0.01 0.37 0.08
CH06-015 AAS9585 24.38 27.43 Dwb SM 0.01 0.26 28.64 0.39 24.38 30.48 4.00 0.02 0.31 0.10
CH06-015 AAS9588 30.48 33.53 Dwb SM 0.23 0.26 29.52 0.39 30.48 36.58 8.00 0.01 0.38 0.09
CH06-015 AAS9590 36.58 39.62 Dwb SM 0.05 0.26 27.11 0.39 36.58 42.67 11.00 0.01 0.66 0.14
CH06-015 AAS9592 42.67 45.72 Dwb SM 0.55 0.26 27.47 0.39 42.67 48.77 15.00 0.01 0.58 0.20
CH06-015 AAS9594 48.77 51.82 Dwb SM -0.12 0.26 25.47 0.39 48.77 54.86 16.00 0.05 1.16 0.16
CH06-015 AAS9596 54.86 57.91 Dwb SM 0.25 0.26 24.68 0.39 54.86 60.96 22.00 0.05 2.47 0.15
CH06-015 AAS9598 60.96 64.01 Dwb SM -0.76 0.26 20.87 0.39 60.96 67.06 71.00 0.05 2.92 0.30
CH06-015 AAS9600 67.06 70.10 Dwb SM -0.81 0.26 24.61 0.39 67.06 73.15 62.00 0.05 3.27 0.24
CH06-015 AAS9602 73.15 76.20 Int CS 73.15 79.25 46.50 0.02 2.54 0.27
301
CH06-015 AAS9605 79.25 82.30 Int CS 79.25 85.34 87.40 0.03 2.84 0.36
CH06-015 AAS9607 85.34 88.39 Int CS 85.34 91.44 67.00 0.19 3.92 0.46
CH06-015 AAS9609 91.44 94.49 Dwb SM -0.37 0.26 26.01 0.39 91.44 97.54 10.00 0.04 0.60 0.36
CH06-015 AAS9612 97.54 100.58 Dwb SM -0.19 0.26 24.45 0.39 97.54 103.63 28.00 0.06 1.86 0.31
CH06-015 AAS9614 103.63 106.68 Dwb SM -0.29 0.26 26.45 0.39 103.63 109.73 7.00 0.02 0.58 0.21
CH06-015 AAS9616 109.73 112.78 Dwb SM 0.11 0.26 25.91 0.39 109.73 115.82 3.00 0.01 0.54 0.12
CH06-015 AAS9618 115.82 118.87 Dwb SM -0.39 0.26 25.73 0.39 115.82 121.92 7.00 0.01 0.46 0.11
CH06-015 AAS9620 121.92 124.97 Dwb SM 0.66 0.26 27.53 0.39 121.92 128.02 6.00 0.01 0.29 0.06
CH06-015 AAS9622 128.02 131.06 Dwb SM -0.38 0.26 24.14 0.39 128.02 134.11 9.00 0.01 0.46 0.07
CH06-015 AAS9625 134.11 137.16 Dwb SM -1.48 0.26 21.30 0.39 134.11 140.21 20.00 0.04 1.69 0.05
CH06-015 AAS9627 140.21 143.26 Dwb SM 0.08 0.26 27.86 0.39 140.21 146.30 11.00 0.01 0.34 0.05
CH06-015 AAS9629 146.30 149.35 Dwb SM -0.45 0.26 24.74 0.39 146.30 152.40 15.00 0.01 0.28 0.06
CH06-015 AAS9631 152.40 155.45 Dwb SM 2.77 0.26 35.77 0.39 152.40 158.50 11.00 0.01 0.26 0.08
CH06-015 AAS9633 158.50 161.54 Dwb SM -0.20 0.26 25.12 0.39 158.50 164.59 19.00 0.02 0.64 0.15
CH06-015 AAS9635 164.59 167.64 Dwb SM 0.54 0.26 26.16 0.39 164.59 170.69 30.00 0.04 0.76 0.19
CH06-015 AAS9637 170.69 173.74 Dwb SM 0.04 0.26 27.83 0.39 170.69 176.78 5.00 0.01 0.21 0.11
δ18O
‰
CH06-015 AAS9639 176.78 179.83 Dwb SM 0.21 0.26 27.35 0.39 176.78 182.88 12.00 0.01 0.33 0.03
CH06-015 AAS9641 182.88 185.93 Dwb SM 0.15 0.26 26.54 0.39 182.88 188.98 15.00 0.01 0.46 0.07
CH06-015 AAS9643 188.98 192.02 Dwb SM -0.04 0.26 27.52 0.39 188.98 195.07 6.00 0.01 0.28 0.09
CH06-015 AAS9645 195.07 198.12 Dwb SM -0.30 0.26 29.24 0.39 195.07 201.17 9.00 0.01 0.21 0.10
CH06-015 AAS9647 201.17 204.22 Dwb SM 0.61 0.26 28.44 0.39 201.17 207.26 7.00 0.01 0.20 0.09
CH06-015 AAS9649 207.26 210.31 Dwb SM -0.03 0.26 29.70 0.39 207.26 213.36 2.00 0.01 0.16 0.08
CH06-015 AAS9651 213.36 216.41 Dwb SM 0.07 0.24 26.23 0.67 213.36 219.46 12.00 0.01 0.22 0.08
CH06-015 AAS9653 219.46 222.50 Dwb SM 0.21 0.24 26.29 0.67 219.46 225.55 19.00 0.01 0.33 0.08
CH06-015 AAS9655 225.55 228.60 Dwb SM -0.56 0.39 23.20 0.14 225.55 231.65 61.00 0.05 2.57 0.12
CH06-015 AAS9658 231.65 234.70 Dwb SM 0.21 0.39 24.45 0.14 231.65 237.74 35.00 0.05 3.32 0.40
CH06-015 AAS9660 237.74 240.79 Dwb SM 0.81 0.24 29.40 0.67 237.74 243.84 20.00 0.01 0.55 0.17
CH06-015 AAS9663 243.84 246.89 Dwb SM 0.00 0.39 26.98 0.14 243.84 249.94 12.00 0.01 0.42 0.14
CH06-015 AAS9665 249.94 252.98 Dwb SM 249.94 256.03 6.00 0.01 0.61 0.13
302
CH06-015 AAS9667 256.03 259.08 Dwb SM 0.93 0.24 29.59 0.67 256.03 262.13 19.00 0.01 0.65 0.15
CH06-015 AAS9669 262.13 265.18 Dwb SM 262.13 268.22 6.00 0.01 0.55 0.19
CH06-015 AAS9671 268.22 271.27 Dwb SM 0.78 0.24 25.74 0.67 268.22 274.32 12.00 0.03 0.75 0.06
CH06-015 AAS9673 274.32 277.37 Dwb SM 1.43 0.39 24.05 0.14 274.32 280.42 10.00 0.03 0.29 0.03
CH06-015 AAS9675 280.42 283.46 Dwb SM 1.44 0.39 24.78 0.14 280.42 286.51 6.00 0.03 0.31 0.10
CH06-015 AAS9677 286.51 289.56 Dwb SM 0.84 0.24 30.47 0.67 286.51 292.61 8.00 0.03 0.47 0.10
CH06-015 AAS9679 292.61 295.66 Dwb SM 292.61 298.70 7.00 0.03 0.47 0.14
CH06-015 AAS9681 298.70 301.75 Dwb SM 298.70 304.80 6.00 0.04 0.30 0.13
CH06-015 AAS9683 304.80 307.85 Dwb SM 304.80 310.90 12.00 0.04 0.60 0.30
CH06-015 AAS9685 310.90 313.94 Dwb SM -1.57 0.24 20.30 0.67 310.90 316.99 7.00 0.04 0.57 0.19
CH06-015 AAS9687 316.99 320.04 Dwb SM -0.78 0.39 18.13 0.14 316.99 323.09 5.00 0.04 0.35 0.07
CH06-015 AAS9689 323.09 326.14 Dwb SM -0.71 0.39 17.08 0.14 323.09 329.18 8.00 0.04 0.54 0.04
CH06-015 AAS9691 329.18 332.23 Dwb SM 0.19 0.24 25.78 0.67 329.18 335.28 6.00 0.03 0.24 0.05
CH06-015 AAS9693 335.28 338.33 Dwb SM -0.79 0.24 23.17 0.67 335.28 341.38 4.00 0.03 0.28 0.04
CH06-015 AAS9695 341.38 344.42 Dwb SM 0.21 0.24 28.88 0.67 341.38 347.47 7.00 0.03 0.25 0.06
CH06-015 AAS9697 347.47 350.52 Dwb SM -1.84 0.24 23.64 0.67 347.47 353.57 3.00 0.05 0.16 0.08
δ18O
‰
CH06-015 AAS9699 353.57 356.62 Dwb SM -0.60 0.24 22.36 0.67 353.57 359.66 11.00 0.13 0.62 0.08
CH06-015 AAS9701 359.66 362.71 Dwb SM -0.92 0.24 8.41 0.67 359.66 365.76 11.00 0.08 0.96 0.02
CH06-015 AAS9703 365.76 368.81 Dwb SM -0.18 0.24 21.12 0.67 365.76 371.86 8.00 0.05 0.36 0.04
CH06-015 AAS9705 371.86 374.90 Dwb SM -0.22 0.24 19.74 0.67 371.86 377.95 5.00 0.07 0.36 0.06
CH06-015 AAS9707 377.95 381.00 Dwb SM 377.95 384.05 4.00 0.03 0.25 0.10
CH06-015 AAS9709 384.05 387.10 Dwb SM 0.46 0.24 23.49 0.67 384.05 390.14 4.00 0.02 0.19 0.07
CH06-015 AAS9711 390.14 393.19 Dwb SM -0.47 0.24 25.35 0.67 390.14 396.24 2.00 0.02 0.25 0.02
CH06-015 AAS9713 396.24 399.29 Int QP 396.24 402.34 3.60 0.04 0.08 0.10
CH06-015 AAS9715 402.34 405.38 Int QP 402.34 408.43 8.00 0.03 0.16 0.08
CH06-015 AAS9717 408.43 411.48 Dwb SM 408.43 414.53 6.00 0.02 0.28 0.13
CH06-015 AAS9719 414.53 417.58 Dwb SM 414.53 420.62 9.00 0.03 0.32 0.51
CH06-015 AAS9721 420.62 423.67 Int QP 420.62 426.72 15.00 0.03 0.43 0.32
CH06-015 AAS9723 426.72 429.77 Dwb LS 426.72 432.82 14.00 0.03 0.50 0.31
303
CH06-015 AAS9725 432.82 435.86 Dwb LS -2.49 0.24 25.69 0.67 432.82 438.91 16.00 0.04 0.69 0.16
CH06-015 AAS9727 438.91 441.96 Dwb LS -3.71 0.24 23.43 0.67 438.91 445.01 20.00 0.03 1.22 0.15
CH06-015 AAS9729 445.01 448.06 Srm SL -3.69 0.24 22.00 0.67 445.01 451.10 26.00 0.02 0.98 0.18
CH06-015 AAS9731 451.10 454.15 Srm SL -2.74 0.24 18.07 0.67 451.10 457.20 28.00 0.03 1.16 0.40
CH06-015 AAS9733 457.20 460.25 Srm CS -1.39 0.24 4.84 0.67 457.20 463.30 63.00 0.06 1.38 0.14
CH06-015 AAS9735 463.30 466.34 Int QP 463.30 469.39 64.10 0.03 0.66 0.34
CH06-015 AAS9737 469.39 472.44 Srm CS -1.52 0.24 8.32 0.67 469.39 475.49 47.40 0.06 1.22 0.16
CH06-015 AAS9739 475.49 478.54 Srm CS -1.31 0.24 0.51 0.67 475.49 481.58 106.00 0.22 4.35 0.24
CH06-015 AAS9741 481.58 484.63 Int CS 481.58 487.68 167.00 0.12 2.14 0.91
CH06-015 AAS9743 487.68 490.73 Int CS 487.68 493.78 29.00 0.03 0.68 0.16
CH06-015 AAS9745 493.78 496.82 Srm CS 493.78 499.87 29.00 0.02 0.81 0.07
CH06-015 AAS9747 499.87 502.92 Int QP 499.87 505.97 9.00 0.02 0.65 0.08
CH06-015 AAS9749 505.97 509.02 Int QP 505.97 512.06 11.60 0.04 0.73 0.09
CH06-015 AAS9751 512.06 515.11 Int QP 512.06 518.16 11.00 0.02 1.04 0.16
CH06-015 AAS9753 518.16 521.21 Srm CS 518.16 524.26 5.00 0.02 0.53 0.02
CH06-015 AAS9755 524.26 527.30 Srm CS 524.26 530.35 6.00 0.02 0.34 0.02
δ18O
‰
CH06-015 AAS9757 530.35 533.40 Srm CS 530.35 536.45 15.00 0.02 0.75 0.05
CH06-015 AAS9759 536.45 539.50 Srm CS 536.45 542.54 6.00 0.03 1.14 0.05
CH06-015 AAS9761 542.54 545.59 Srm CS -2.33 0.26 8.68 0.60 542.54 548.64 19.00 0.03 1.28 0.14
CH06-015 AAS9763 548.64 551.69 Srm CS -1.58 0.26 10.18 0.60 548.64 554.74 12.00 0.03 1.14 0.11
CH06-015 AAS9765 554.74 557.78 Srm CS -2.78 0.26 13.01 0.60 554.74 560.83 15.00 0.14 1.60 0.07
CH06-015 AAS9768 560.83 563.88 Srm CS -2.39 0.39 11.40 0.14 560.83 566.93 9.00 0.03 1.30 0.02
CH06-015 AAS9770 566.93 569.98 Srm CS -1.40 0.26 12.18 0.60 566.93 573.02 45.00 0.65 6.74 0.94
CH06-015 AAS9772 573.02 576.07 Srm CS -2.79 0.26 13.72 0.60 573.02 579.12 84.00 3.32 31.00 3.92
CH06-015 AAS9775 579.12 582.17 Srm SL -0.87 0.26 19.16 0.60 579.12 585.22 32.00 0.47 10.45 0.86
CH06-015 AAS9777 585.22 588.26 Srm SL -0.65 0.26 16.51 0.60 585.22 591.31 44.00 0.40 9.62 0.69
CH06-015 AAS9779 591.31 594.36 Srm SL -0.90 0.26 19.27 0.60 591.31 597.41 49.00 0.25 13.90 0.91
CH06-015 AAS9781 597.41 600.46 Srm SL -1.72 0.26 15.86 0.60 597.41 603.50 35.00 0.18 9.66 0.63
CH06-015 AAS9783 603.50 606.55 Srm SL -1.30 0.26 18.49 0.60 603.50 609.60 31.00 0.19 7.42 0.44
304
CH06-015 AAS9786 609.60 612.65 Srm SL -1.66 0.26 19.20 0.60 609.60 615.70 10.00 0.14 3.76 0.48
CH06-015 AAS9788 615.70 618.74 Srm SL -1.53 0.26 20.47 0.60 615.70 621.79 31.00 0.05 6.06 0.27
CH06-015 AAS9790 621.79 624.84 Srm CS -1.91 0.26 18.25 0.60 621.79 627.89 89.00 0.09 13.60 0.66
CH06-015 AAS9792 627.89 630.94 Srm SL -1.86 0.26 20.42 0.60 627.89 633.98 50.00 0.50 12.15 1.28
CH06-015 AAS9794 633.98 637.03 Srm SL -1.10 0.26 19.81 0.60 633.98 640.08 28.00 0.19 6.78 0.39
CH06-015 AAS9797 640.08 643.13 Srm SL -1.41 0.26 20.02 0.60 640.08 646.18 29.00 0.29 7.25 0.34
CH06-015 AAS9800 646.18 649.22 Srm SL -1.14 0.26 16.85 0.60 646.18 652.27 60.00 0.24 9.28 0.58
CH06-015 AAS9802 652.27 655.32 Srm SL -0.70 0.26 4.16 0.60 652.27 658.37 47.00 0.94 11.35 0.55
CH06-015 AAS9804 658.37 661.42 Srm SL -1.05 0.26 14.15 0.60 658.37 664.46 13.00 0.13 3.68 0.16
CH06-015 AAS9807 664.46 667.51 Srm SL -1.11 0.26 19.07 0.60 664.46 670.56 134.00 0.32 18.25 0.78
CH06-015 AAS9809 670.56 673.61 Int QP 670.56 676.66 24.70 0.18 3.94 0.19
CH06-015 AAS9811 676.66 679.70 Int SL 676.66 682.75 99.00 0.38 8.57 0.39
CH06-015 AAS9814 682.75 685.80 Srm SL 0.02 0.26 6.29 0.60 682.75 688.85 59.00 0.35 10.05 0.23
CH06-015 AAS9816 688.85 691.90 Srm SL 0.34 0.26 2.40 0.60 688.85 694.94 136.00 0.62 12.50 0.44
CH06-015 AAS9819 694.94 697.99 Srm SL -0.16 0.26 8.01 0.60 694.94 701.04 87.00 0.58 12.75 0.50
CH06-015 AAS9821 701.04 704.09 Srm SL -1.23 0.39 13.21 0.14 701.04 707.14 28.00 0.30 7.71 0.32
δ18O
‰
CH06-015 AAS9823 707.14 710.18 Srm SL -2.07 0.26 12.34 0.60 707.14 713.23 76.00 0.21 8.41 0.33
CH06-015 AAS9825 713.23 716.28 Srm SL -2.59 0.26 7.92 0.60 713.23 719.33 545.00 0.67 13.85 1.40
CH06-015 AAS9828 719.33 722.38 Int QP 719.33 725.42 189.00 0.31 1.74 0.23
CH06-015 AAS9830 725.42 728.47 Int QP 725.42 731.52 486.00 1.42 22.90 2.14
CH06-015 AAS9833 731.52 734.57 Srm CS -0.20 0.26 10.07 0.60 731.52 737.62 153.00 0.74 10.60 1.04
CH06-015 AAS9835 737.62 740.66 Srm CS -4.44 0.26 20.35 0.60 737.62 743.71 45.00 0.35 6.81 0.27
CH06-015 AAS9837 743.71 746.76 Srm CS -0.34 0.26 24.60 0.60 743.71 749.81 36.00 0.19 2.92 0.13
CH06-015 AAS9839 749.81 752.86 Srm CS 0.04 0.26 23.06 0.60 749.81 755.90 92.00 0.16 2.82 0.10
CH06-015 AAS9841 755.90 758.95 Srm CS -0.41 0.26 22.27 0.60 755.90 762.00 307.00 0.71 5.92 0.25
CH06-015 AAS9843 762.00 765.05 Srm CS 0.42 0.26 24.49 0.60 762.00 768.10 65.00 0.31 6.92 0.48
CH06-015 AAS9845 768.10 771.14 Ohc DO -0.26 0.39 19.35 0.14 768.10 774.19 35.00 0.13 3.43 0.16
CH06-015 AAS9848 774.19 777.24 Ohc DO 0.78 0.26 25.36 0.60 774.19 780.29 46.00 0.25 5.63 0.42
CH06-015 AAS9850 780.29 783.34 Ohc DO -0.78 0.26 19.60 0.60 780.29 786.38 97.00 0.18 5.06 0.50
305
CH06-015 AAS9853 786.38 789.43 Ohc DO -0.90 0.39 16.87 0.14 786.38 792.48 164.00 0.32 1.34 0.57
CH06-015 AAS9855 792.48 795.53 Ohc DO -1.23 0.26 17.40 0.60 792.48 798.58 16.00 0.07 1.36 0.66
CH06-015 AAS9857 798.58 801.62 Ohc DO -1.48 0.26 13.82 0.60 798.58 804.67 45.00 0.09 1.11 0.60
CH06-015 AAS9859 804.67 807.72 Ohc DO -1.80 0.26 12.18 0.60 804.67 810.77 14.00 0.04 0.74 0.24
CH06-015 AAS9861 810.77 813.82 Ohc LS -0.66 0.26 18.84 0.60 810.77 816.86 104.00 0.11 1.86 0.23
CH06-015 AAS9864 816.86 819.91 Ohc LS -0.46 0.26 19.14 0.60 816.86 822.96 27.00 0.04 0.94 0.14
CH06-015 AAS9866 822.96 826.01 Ohc LS -0.51 0.26 16.94 0.60 822.96 829.06 41.00 0.07 1.28 0.15
CH06-015 AAS9869 829.06 832.10 Ohc LS -0.39 0.26 20.67 0.60 829.06 835.15 42.00 0.07 3.51 0.25
CH06-015 AAS9871 835.15 838.20 Ohc LS -0.59 0.26 16.61 0.60 835.15 841.25 17.00 0.06 1.15 0.23
CH06-015 AAS9873 841.25 844.30 Ohc LS -1.51 0.26 16.32 0.60 841.25 847.34 102.00 0.08 1.50 0.37
CH06-015 AAS9876 847.34 850.39 Ohc LS -2.43 0.26 21.08 0.60 847.34 853.44 48.00 0.76 5.35 0.54
CH06-015 AAS9878 853.44 856.49 Ohc LS -1.47 0.26 12.41 0.60 853.44 859.54 39.00 0.05 1.59 0.27
CH06-015 AAS9881 859.54 862.58 Ohc LS -1.62 0.26 13.39 0.60 859.54 865.63 22.00 0.04 0.95 0.45
CH06-015 AAS9883 865.63 868.68 Ohc CS -2.25 0.26 13.04 0.60 865.63 871.73 87.00 0.06 4.30 0.83
CH06-015 AAS9885 871.73 874.78 Ohc CS -2.53 0.26 10.40 0.60 871.73 877.82 20.30 0.06 1.36 0.48
CH06-015 AAS9887 877.82 880.87 Ohc CS -2.43 0.26 9.26 0.60 877.82 883.92 107.50 0.56 11.10 0.56
δ18O
‰
CH06-015 AAS9890 883.92 886.97 Int QP 883.92 890.02 60.40 0.40 6.30 0.31
CH06-015 AAS9892 890.02 893.06 Int QP 890.02 896.11 53.00 0.25 6.86 0.26
CH06-015 AAS9895 896.11 899.16 Ohc DO 896.11 902.21 91.00 0.35 9.44 0.19
CH06-015 AAS9896 899.16 902.21 Ohc DO -0.66 0.26 23.21 0.60 896.11 902.21 91.00 0.35 9.44 0.19
CH06-015 AAS9897 902.21 905.26 Ohc DO -1.49 0.26 18.36 0.60 902.21 908.30 27.00 0.21 9.94 0.11
CH06-015 AAS9899 908.30 911.35 Ohc DO -0.76 0.39 18.26 0.14 908.30 914.40
CH06-016 AAW0721 0.00 3.05 Tqa AL 0.00 6.10 28.00 0.10 8.48 0.16
CH06-016 AAW0723 6.10 9.14 Tqa AL 6.10 12.19 28.00 0.11 6.03 0.18
CH06-016 AAW0726 12.19 15.24 Tqa AL 12.19 18.29 30.00 0.15 7.16 0.17
CH06-016 AAW0728 18.29 21.34 Tqa CG 18.29 24.38 8.00 0.05 1.07 0.26
CH06-016 AAW0730 24.38 27.43 Tqa CG 24.38 30.48 16.00 0.06 1.43 0.19
CH06-016 AAW0732 30.48 33.53 Tqa CG 30.48 36.58 13.00 0.04 1.38 0.17
306
CH06-016 AAW0735 36.58 39.62 Tqa CG 36.58 42.67 9.00 0.05 1.05 0.22
CH06-016 AAW0737 42.67 45.72 Tqa CG 42.67 48.77 15.00 0.06 1.11 0.27
CH06-016 AAW0739 48.77 51.82 Tqa CG 48.77 54.86 17.00 0.06 1.22 0.25
CH06-016 AAW0742 54.86 57.91 Tqa CG 54.86 60.96 15.00 0.05 1.26 0.27
CH06-016 AAW0744 60.96 64.01 Tqa CG 60.96 67.06 12.00 0.04 1.18 0.27
CH06-016 AAW0747 67.06 70.10 Tqa CG 67.06 73.15 29.00 0.12 2.32 0.27
CH06-016 AAW0749 73.15 76.20 Tqa CG 73.15 79.25 22.00 0.12 2.05 0.32
CH06-016 AAW0751 79.25 82.30 Tqa CG 79.25 85.34 24.70 0.07 1.66 0.41
CH06-016 AAW0754 85.34 88.39 Tqa CG 85.34 91.44 25.20 0.07 1.65 0.36
CH06-016 AAW0757 91.44 94.49 Tqa CG 91.44 97.54 21.30 0.07 1.67 0.35
CH06-016 AAW0759 97.54 100.58 Tqa CG 97.54 103.63 26.60 0.09 1.72 0.41
CH06-016 AAW0762 103.63 106.68 Tqa CG 103.63 109.73 34.00 0.14 2.78 0.43
CH06-016 AAW0764 109.73 112.78 Tqa CG 109.73 115.82 33.00 0.13 1.86 0.57
CH06-016 AAW0766 115.82 118.87 Tqa CG 115.82 121.92 28.50 0.12 1.73 0.52
CH06-016 AAW0768 121.92 124.97 Tqa CG 121.92 128.02 26.60 0.12 1.67 0.44
CH06-016 AAW0771 128.02 131.06 Tqa CG 128.02 134.11 31.90 0.14 1.93 0.51
δ18O
‰
CH06-016 AAW0775 134.11 137.16 Tqa CG 134.11 140.21 25.10 0.10 1.67 0.42
CH06-016 AAW0777 140.21 143.26 Tqa CG 140.21 146.30 25.20 0.11 1.62 0.42
CH06-016 AAW0779 146.30 149.35 Tqa CG 146.30 152.40 34.50 0.12 2.06 0.49
CH06-016 AAW0781 152.40 155.45 Tqa CG 152.40 158.50 38.50 0.32 2.30 0.39
CH06-016 AAW0783 158.50 161.54 Tqa CG 158.50 164.59 30.90 0.25 2.10 0.42
CH06-016 AAW0785 164.59 167.64 Tqa CG 164.59 170.69 41.70 0.43 2.56 0.48
CH06-016 AAW0788 170.69 173.74 Tqa CG 170.69 176.78 31.20 0.18 2.47 0.49
CH06-016 AAW0790 176.78 179.83 Tqa CG 176.78 182.88 36.10 0.18 2.69 0.61
CH06-016 AAW0792 182.88 185.93 Tqa CG 182.88 188.98 39.00 0.49 2.31 0.48
CH06-016 AAW0794 188.98 192.02 Tqa CG 188.98 195.07 26.40 0.16 1.77 0.45
CH06-016 AAW0796 195.07 198.12 Tqa CG 195.07 201.17 18.10 0.07 1.11 0.48
CH06-016 AAW0799 201.17 204.22 Tqa CG 201.17 207.26 22.00 0.05 1.15 0.30
CH06-016 AAW0801 207.26 210.31 Tqa CG 207.26 213.36 27.00 0.10 1.61 0.27
307
CH06-016 AAW0803 213.36 216.41 Tqa CG 213.36 219.46 21.00 0.11 1.45 0.29
CH06-016 AAW0805 219.46 222.50 Tqa CG 219.46 225.55 34.00 0.07 3.25 0.27
CH06-016 AAW0807 225.55 228.60 Tqa CG 225.55 231.65 63.00 0.16 4.81 0.56
CH06-016 AAW0809 231.65 234.70 Dwb SM 231.65 237.74 64.20 0.20 3.59 0.83
CH06-016 AAW0812 237.74 240.79 Int QP 237.74 243.84 37.60 0.37 3.19 0.88
CH06-016 AAW0814 243.84 246.89 Int QP 243.84 249.94 13.40 0.16 1.12 0.46
CH06-016 AAW0816 249.94 252.98 Int QP 249.94 256.03 81.50 2.27 6.54 0.48
CH06-016 AAW0818 256.03 259.08 Dwb SM 256.03 262.13 154.50 1.42 14.45 0.56
CH06-016 AAW0821 262.13 265.18 Dwb SM -0.72 0.12 29.26 0.27 262.13 268.22 65.00 0.70 3.09 0.61
CH06-016 AAW0823 268.22 271.27 Dwb SM 268.22 274.32 67.10 1.21 10.95 0.40
CH06-016 AAW0825 274.32 277.37 Dwb SM 274.32 280.42 51.80 0.96 6.96 0.31
CH06-016 AAW0827 280.42 283.46 Dwb SM 280.42 286.51 42.90 0.50 3.13 0.35
CH06-016 AAW0830 286.51 289.56 Dwb SM 286.51 292.61 17.50 0.31 0.98 0.18
CH06-016 AAW0832 292.61 295.66 Int QP 292.61 298.70 21.80 0.36 1.20 0.22
CH06-016 AAW0834 298.70 301.75 Int QP 298.70 304.80 38.30 0.48 2.40 0.23
CH06-016 AAW0836 304.80 307.85 Int QP 304.80 310.90 35.40 0.45 2.57 0.22
δ18O
‰
CH06-016 AAW0838 310.90 313.94 Int QP 310.90 316.99 19.00 0.16 1.23 0.19
CH06-016 AAW0840 316.99 320.04 Int QP 316.99 323.09 8.00 0.13 1.28 0.27
CH06-016 AAW0842 323.09 326.14 Dwb SM 0.18 0.12 34.68 0.27 323.09 329.18 30.00 0.29 2.49 0.31
CH06-016 AAW0844 329.18 332.23 Dwb SM 0.32 0.12 35.21 0.27 329.18 335.28 14.00 0.15 1.50 0.25
CH06-016 AAW0846 335.28 338.33 Dwb SM 0.41 0.12 33.96 0.27 335.28 341.38 15.00 0.13 1.45 0.22
CH06-016 AAW0848 341.38 344.42 Dwb SM 0.45 0.12 34.60 0.27 341.38 347.47 23.00 0.23 2.64 0.25
CH06-016 AAW0851 347.47 350.52 Dwb SM 0.22 0.12 24.87 0.27 347.47 353.57 19.00 0.21 3.24 0.17
CH06-016 AAW0853 353.57 356.62 Dwb SM 0.55 0.12 23.86 0.27 353.57 359.66 38.00 0.21 1.25 0.15
CH06-016 AAW0856 359.66 362.71 Dwb SM 0.67 0.12 19.66 0.27 359.66 365.76 27.30 0.39 1.42 0.24
CH06-016 AAW0858 365.76 368.81 Int QP 365.76 371.86 18.90 0.43 1.21 0.16
CH06-016 AAW0860 371.86 374.90 Int QP 371.86 377.95 23.40 0.27 1.34 0.18
CH06-016 AAW0862 377.95 381.00 Int QP 377.95 384.05 17.20 0.24 0.97 0.13
CH06-016 AAW0864 384.05 387.10 Int QP 384.05 390.14 44.00 0.41 2.31 0.26
308
CH06-016 AAW0866 390.14 393.19 Int QP 390.14 396.24 17.00 0.09 0.53 0.18
CH06-016 AAW0869 396.24 399.29 Dwb SM -0.86 0.12 14.53 0.27 396.24 402.34 48.00 0.22 1.62 0.20
CH06-016 AAW0871 402.34 405.38 Dwb SM -0.24 0.12 13.18 0.27 402.34 408.43 33.00 0.12 1.29 0.29
CH06-016 AAW0873 408.43 411.48 Dwb SM -0.62 0.12 17.35 0.27 408.43 414.53 39.00 0.20 1.84 0.63
CH06-016 AAW0876 414.53 417.58 Dwb CS -1.52 0.12 19.99 0.27 414.53 420.62 43.00 0.30 2.24 0.13
CH06-016 AAW0878 420.62 423.67 Dwb CS -1.94 0.12 14.40 0.27 420.62 426.72 61.00 0.77 4.07 0.24
CH06-016 AAW0880 426.72 429.77 Dwb CS -2.84 0.12 12.74 0.27 426.72 432.82 43.70 0.72 2.03 0.39
CH06-016 AAW0882 432.82 435.86 Int QP 432.82 438.91 48.50 0.68 3.47 0.35
CH06-016 AAW0884 438.91 441.96 Int QP 438.91 445.01 49.50 0.78 3.10 0.56
CH06-016 AAW0886 445.01 448.06 Int QP 445.01 451.10 63.00 0.45 2.53 0.25
CH06-016 AAW0889 451.10 454.15 Int QP 451.10 457.20 85.00 0.50 3.37 0.41
CH06-016 AAW0891 457.20 460.25 Unk CS -0.96 0.39 12.89 0.14 457.20 463.30 85.00 0.68 6.28 0.50
CH06-016 AAW0893 463.30 466.34 Unk CS -1.67 0.12 13.62 0.27 463.30 469.39 88.00 0.75 6.32 0.46
CH06-016 AAW0895 469.39 472.44 Unk CS -2.15 0.12 16.95 0.27 469.39 475.49 72.00 0.62 5.25 0.62
CH06-016 AAW0897 475.49 478.54 Unk CS -0.36 0.12 17.52 0.27 475.49 481.58 86.00 0.76 5.83 1.05
CH06-016 AAW0899 481.58 484.63 Unk CS -2.63 0.12 16.34 0.27 481.58 487.68 73.00 0.99 7.32 0.63
δ18O
‰
CH06-016 AAW0901 487.68 490.73 Unk CS 487.68 493.78 67.20 1.41 5.58 0.46
CH06-016 AAW0904 493.78 496.82 Unk SM 493.78 499.87 75.10 1.32 5.80 0.43
CH06-016 AAW0906 499.87 502.92 Unk SM 499.87 505.97 45.20 0.62 3.64 0.25
CH06-016 AAW0908 505.97 509.02 Int QP 505.97 512.06 30.50 0.48 2.26 0.31
CH06-016 AAW0910 512.06 515.11 Int QP 512.06 518.16 18.50 0.49 1.21 0.31
CH06-016 AAW0912 518.16 521.21 Int QP 518.16 524.26 52.80 0.83 4.65 0.28
CH06-016 AAW0914 524.26 527.30 Unk CS 524.26 530.35 20.00 0.27 1.87 0.30
CH06-016 AAW0916 530.35 533.40 Unk CS 530.35 536.45 52.00 0.66 3.44 0.30
CH06-016 AAW0919 536.45 539.50 Unk CS -4.51 0.39 14.45 0.14 536.45 542.54 29.40 0.46 2.41 0.32
CH06-016 AAW0921 542.54 545.59 Unk CS -3.55 0.12 14.87 0.27 542.54 548.64 26.00 0.29 2.31 0.16
CH06-016 AAW0923 548.64 551.69 Unk CS -3.53 0.12 15.88 0.27 548.64 554.74 50.00 0.88 3.54 0.32
CH06-016 AAW0925 554.74 557.78 Unk CS 554.74 560.83 70.10 1.15 5.57 0.28
CH06-016 AAW0927 560.83 563.88 Unk CS 560.83 566.93 91.30 1.00 21.10 0.32
309
CH06-016 AAW0929 566.93 569.98 Unk CS 566.93 573.02 674.00 1.20 30.30 0.32
CH06-016 AAW0931 573.02 576.07 Unk CS 573.02 579.12 76.70 0.81 5.45 0.27
CH06-016 AAW0934 579.12 582.17 Unk CS 579.12 585.22 48.20 0.92 4.49 0.39
CH06-016 AAW0936 585.22 588.26 Unk CS 585.22 591.31 52.20 0.84 4.54 0.33
CH06-016 AAW0939 591.31 594.36 Unk CS 591.31 597.41 56.00 0.75 8.64 0.49
CH06-016 AAW0941 597.41 600.46 Unk CS 597.41 603.50 39.20 0.50 2.44 0.80
CH06-016 AAW0943 603.50 606.55 Unk CS 603.50 609.60 50.80 0.66 3.22 0.40
CH06-016 AAW0945 609.60 612.65 Int QP 609.60 615.70 43.70 0.75 2.86 0.33
CH06-016 AAW0947 615.70 618.74 Int QP 615.70 621.79 37.00 0.49 2.42 0.23
CH06-016 AAW0949 621.79 624.84 Unk SM 621.79 627.89 42.00 0.38 1.64 0.39
CH06-016 AAW0951 627.89 630.94 Unk CS -3.35 0.39 14.36 0.14 627.89 633.98 61.00 0.54 5.42 0.26
CH06-016 AAW0953 633.98 637.03 Unk CS -2.62 0.12 13.19 0.27 633.98 640.08 20.00 0.22 1.65 0.68
CH06-016 AAW0956 640.08 643.13 Unk CS -3.54 0.12 12.94 0.27 640.08 646.18 30.90 0.65 2.32 0.34
CH06-016 AAW0958 646.18 649.22 Unk CS 646.18 652.27 54.00 0.56 4.51 0.27
CH06-016 AAW0960 652.27 655.32 Unk CS 652.27 658.37 43.00 0.30 2.08 0.73
CH06-016 AAW0963 658.37 661.42 Unk CS -2.07 0.12 10.48 0.27 658.37 664.46 46.00 0.47 1.72 0.66
δ18O
‰
CH06-016 AAW0965 664.46 667.51 Unk CS -2.08 0.12 14.42 0.27 664.46 670.56 38.00 0.30 0.80 0.81
CH06-016 AAW0967 670.56 673.61 Unk CS -3.64 0.12 15.98 0.27 670.56 676.66 49.00 0.40 1.56 0.53
CH06-016 AAW0969 676.66 679.70 Unk CS -2.56 0.12 15.57 0.27 676.66 682.75 52.50 0.57 3.51 0.39
CH06-016 AAW0972 682.75 685.80 Unk CS -2.90 0.12 22.01 0.27 682.75 688.85 27.00 0.22 1.28 0.42
CH06-016 AAW0974 688.85 691.90 Unk CS -2.23 0.39 16.32 0.14 688.85 694.94 24.00 0.26 1.26 0.25
CH06-016 AAW0976 694.94 697.99 Unk CS -1.79 0.12 15.15 0.27 694.94 701.04 9.00 0.04 0.40 0.29
CH06-016 AAW0978 701.04 704.09 Unk CS -1.95 0.12 15.60 0.27 701.04 707.14 6.00 0.03 0.22 0.05
CH06-016 AAW0981 707.14 710.18 Unk CS -1.99 0.12 14.83 0.27 707.14 713.23 12.00 0.04 0.44 0.25
CH06-016 AAW0983 713.23 716.28 Unk CS -2.90 0.12 20.51 0.27 713.23 719.33 27.00 0.08 1.13 0.20
CH06-016 AAW0985 719.33 722.38 Unk CS -1.76 0.12 14.79 0.27 719.33 725.42 33.00 0.14 1.04 0.32
CH06-016 AAW0987 725.42 728.47 Unk CS -1.99 0.12 14.31 0.27 725.42 731.52 37.00 0.26 0.69 0.50
CH06-016 AAW0989 731.52 734.57 Unk CS -1.83 0.12 14.70 0.27 731.52 737.62 88.00 0.23 9.18 0.75
CH06-016 AAW0992 737.62 740.66 Unk CS 737.62 743.71 128.00 0.12 2.91 0.79
310
CH06-016 AAW0994 743.71 746.76 Unk CS 743.71 749.81 20.00 0.14 0.91 1.06
CH06-016 AAW0996 749.81 752.86 Unk CS -2.73 0.14 16.08 0.13 749.81 755.90 121.00 0.36 5.45 0.68
CH06-016 AAW0999 755.90 758.95 Unk CS -1.68 0.14 9.05 0.13 755.90 762.00 25.00 0.24 1.23 1.12
CH06-016 AAW1001 762.00 765.05 Unk CS -3.64 0.14 16.03 0.13 762.00 768.10 62.00 0.32 1.77 0.87
CH06-016 AAW1003 768.10 771.14 Unk CS -2.41 0.14 14.42 0.13 768.10 774.19 69.00 0.23 2.02 0.87
CH06-016 AAW1005 774.19 777.24 Unk CS -3.01 0.14 11.80 0.13 774.19 780.29 205.00 0.33 1.62 0.29
CH06-016 AAW1007 780.29 783.34 Unk CS -1.48 0.39 9.15 0.14 780.29 786.38 66.50 0.36 1.75 0.33
CH06-016 AAW1009 786.38 789.43 Unk CS 786.38 792.48 47.70 0.29 1.92 0.57
CH06-016 AAW1012 792.48 795.53 Unk CS 792.48 798.58 28.00 0.06 0.64 0.43
CH06-016 AAW1014 798.58 801.62 Unk CS -4.21 0.14 14.38 0.13 798.58 804.67 13.00 0.02 0.27 0.43
CH06-016 AAW1016 804.67 807.72 Unk CS -2.81 0.14 15.81 0.13 804.67 810.77 30.00 0.56 0.54 0.60
CH06-016 AAW1018 810.77 813.82 Unk CS -2.37 0.14 11.31 0.13 810.77 816.86 11.00 0.16 0.22 0.62
CH06-016 AAW1021 816.86 819.91 Unk CS -2.87 0.14 14.50 0.13 816.86 822.96 22.00 0.01 0.26 0.21
CH06-016 AAW1023 822.96 826.01 Unk CS -4.62 0.39 14.71 0.14 822.96 829.06 51.00 2.49 4.10 1.07
CH06-016 AAW1025 829.06 832.10 Unk CS -3.76 0.14 15.55 0.13 829.06 835.15 38.00 1.62 1.54 0.18
CH06-016 AAW1027 835.15 838.20 Unk CS -2.96 0.14 12.94 0.13 835.15 841.25 59.00 0.68 1.67 0.10
δ18O
‰
CH06-016 AAW1030 841.25 844.30 Unk CS -2.12 0.14 9.02 0.13 841.25 847.34 96.00 4.33 10.05 0.10
CH06-016 AAW1032 847.34 850.39 Unk CS 847.34 853.44 123.00 2.66 47.30 0.12
CH06-016 AAW1035 853.44 856.49 Unk CS 853.44 859.54 42.00 1.84 7.56 0.06
CH06-016 AAW1037 859.54 862.58 Unk CS -3.24 0.14 13.17 0.13 859.54 865.63 49.00 9.67 5.03 0.20
CH06-016 AAW1039 865.63 868.68 Unk CS -2.75 0.14 12.58 0.13 865.63 871.73 55.00 5.02 11.10 0.41
CH06-016 AAW1041 871.73 874.78 Unk CS -3.27 0.14 12.42 0.13 871.73 877.82 183.00 9.39 15.55 1.86
CH06-016 AAW1044 877.82 880.87 Unk CS -3.20 0.14 13.25 0.13 877.82 883.92 36.00 1.07 5.06 0.16
CH06-016 AAW1046 883.92 886.97 Unk CS -3.75 0.39 11.55 0.14 883.92 890.02 22.50 0.15 2.79 0.74
CH06-016 AAW1048 890.02 893.06 Unk CS 890.02 896.11 66.00 0.13 1.62 1.83
CH06-016 AAW1050 896.11 899.16 Unk CS -2.99 0.14 11.45 0.13 896.11 902.21 23.00 0.17 2.43 0.39
CH06-016 AAW1053 902.21 905.26 Unk CS -2.69 0.14 7.27 0.13 902.21 908.30 36.00 0.28 1.85 0.07
CH06-016 AAW1055 908.30 911.35 Unk CH -2.29 0.14 6.57 0.13 908.30 914.40
311
δ18O
‰
CH07-005 AAK00486 0.00 3.05 Tqa AL 0.00 6.10 30.00 0.06 6.61 0.12
CH07-005 AAK00487 3.05 6.10 Tqa AL 0.00 6.10 30.00 0.06 6.61 0.12
CH07-005 AAK00488 6.10 9.14 Tqa AL 6.10 12.19 27.00 0.05 4.82 0.08
CH07-005 AAK00489 9.14 12.19 Tqa AL 6.10 12.19 27.00 0.05 4.82 0.08
CH07-005 AAK00490 12.19 15.24 Tqa AL 12.19 18.29 20.00 0.07 4.43 0.08
CH07-005 AAK00491 15.24 18.29 Tqa AL 12.19 18.29 20.00 0.07 4.43 0.08
CH07-005 AAK00492 18.29 21.34 Tqa AL 18.29 24.38 33.00 0.10 8.23 0.14
CH07-005 AAK00493 21.34 24.38 Tqa AL 18.29 24.38 33.00 0.10 8.23 0.14
CH07-005 AAK00494 24.38 27.43 Tqa AL 24.38 30.48 39.00 0.11 7.16 0.17
CH07-005 AAK00495 27.43 30.48 Tqa AL 24.38 30.48 39.00 0.11 7.16 0.17
CH07-005 AAK00496 30.48 33.53 Tqa AL 30.48 36.58 26.00 0.08 2.23 0.13
CH07-005 AAK00497 33.53 36.58 Tqa AL 30.48 36.58 26.00 0.08 2.23 0.13
CH07-005 AAK00498 36.58 39.62 Tqa AL 36.58 42.67 31.00 0.06 1.90 0.16
312
CH07-005 AAK00499 39.62 42.67 Tqa AL 36.58 42.67 31.00 0.06 1.90 0.16
CH07-005 AAK00500 42.67 45.72 Tqa VC 42.67 48.77 26.00 0.05 1.79 0.17
CH07-005 AAK00501 45.72 48.77 Tqa VC 42.67 48.77 26.00 0.05 1.79 0.17
CH07-005 AAK00502 48.77 51.82 Tqa VC 48.77 54.86 28.00 0.06 1.47 0.19
CH07-005 AAK00503 51.82 54.86 Tqa VC 48.77 54.86 28.00 0.06 1.47 0.19
CH07-005 AAK00504 54.86 57.91 Tqa VC 54.86 60.96 32.00 0.07 1.40 0.18
CH07-005 AAK00505 57.91 60.96 Tqa VC 54.86 60.96 32.00 0.07 1.40 0.18
CH07-005 AAK00507 60.96 64.01 Tqa VC 60.96 67.06 33.00 0.05 1.53 0.30
CH07-005 AAK00508 64.01 67.06 Tqa VC 60.96 67.06 33.00 0.05 1.53 0.30
CH07-005 AAK00509 67.06 70.10 Tqa VC 67.06 73.15 33.00 0.05 1.84 0.24
CH07-005 AAK00510 70.10 73.15 Tqa VC 67.06 73.15 33.00 0.05 1.84 0.24
CH07-005 AAK00511 73.15 76.20 Tqa VC 73.15 79.25 127.00 0.53 6.64 0.85
CH07-005 AAK00512 76.20 79.25 Tqa VC 73.15 79.25 127.00 0.53 6.64 0.85
CH07-005 AAK00513 79.25 82.30 Tqa VC 79.25 85.34 75.00 0.24 4.12 0.59
CH07-005 AAK00514 82.30 85.34 Tqa VC 79.25 85.34 75.00 0.24 4.12 0.59
CH07-005 AAK00515 85.34 88.39 Tqa VC 85.34 91.44 117.00 0.29 5.42 0.92
δ18O
‰
CH07-005 AAK00517 88.39 91.44 Tqa VC 85.34 91.44 117.00 0.29 5.42 0.92
CH07-005 AAK00518 91.44 94.49 Tqa VC 91.44 97.54 68.50 0.24 3.57 0.57
CH07-005 AAK00519 94.49 97.54 Tqa VC 91.44 97.54 68.50 0.24 3.57 0.57
CH07-005 AAK00520 97.54 100.58 Tqa VC 97.54 103.63 76.00 0.26 4.33 0.60
CH07-005 AAK00521 100.58 103.63 Tqa VC 97.54 103.63 76.00 0.26 4.33 0.60
CH07-005 AAK00522 103.63 106.68 Tqa VC 103.63 109.73 84.50 0.17 4.33 0.73
CH07-005 AAK00523 106.68 109.73 Tqa VC 103.63 109.73 84.50 0.17 4.33 0.73
CH07-005 AAK00524 109.73 112.78 Tqa VC 109.73 115.82 85.00 0.14 4.63 0.63
CH07-005 AAK00525 112.78 115.82 Tqa VC 109.73 115.82 85.00 0.14 4.63 0.63
CH07-005 AAK00526 115.82 118.87 Tqa VC 115.82 121.92 63.20 0.19 3.45 0.50
CH07-005 AAK00527 118.87 121.92 Tqa VC 115.82 121.92 63.20 0.19 3.45 0.50
CH07-005 AAK00528 121.92 124.97 Tqa VC 121.92 128.02 124.00 0.18 6.11 0.63
CH07-005 AAK00529 124.97 128.02 Tqa VC 121.92 128.02 124.00 0.18 6.11 0.63
313
CH07-005 AAK00530 128.02 131.06 Tqa VC 128.02 134.11 84.20 0.17 5.44 0.64
CH07-005 AAK00531 131.06 134.11 Tqa VC 128.02 134.11 84.20 0.17 5.44 0.64
CH07-005 AAK00532 134.11 137.16 Tqa VC 134.11 140.21 55.80 0.16 3.81 0.52
CH07-005 AAK00533 137.16 140.21 Tqa VC 134.11 140.21 55.80 0.16 3.81 0.52
CH07-005 AAK00534 140.21 143.26 Tqa VC 140.21 146.30 43.00 0.09 2.17 0.34
CH07-005 AAK00535 143.26 146.30 Tqa VC 140.21 146.30 43.00 0.09 2.17 0.34
CH07-005 AAK00536 146.30 149.35 Tqa VC 146.30 152.40 23.80 0.07 1.42 0.33
CH07-005 AAK00538 149.35 152.40 Tqa VC 146.30 152.40 23.80 0.07 1.42 0.33
CH07-005 AAK00539 152.40 155.45 Tqa VC 152.40 158.50 45.80 0.13 2.27 0.47
CH07-005 AAK00540 155.45 158.50 Tqa VC 152.40 158.50 45.80 0.13 2.27 0.47
CH07-005 AAK00541 158.50 161.54 Tqa VC 158.50 164.59 56.50 0.15 2.64 0.54
CH07-005 AAK00542 161.54 164.59 Tqa VC 158.50 164.59 56.50 0.15 2.64 0.54
CH07-005 AAK00543 164.59 167.64 Tqa VC 164.59 170.69 54.50 0.14 2.63 0.52
CH07-005 AAK00544 167.64 170.69 Tqa VC 164.59 170.69 54.50 0.14 2.63 0.52
CH07-005 AAK00545 170.69 173.74 Tqa VC 170.69 176.78 28.60 0.08 1.69 0.44
CH07-005 AAK00546 173.74 176.78 Tqa VC 170.69 176.78 28.60 0.08 1.69 0.44
δ18O
‰
CH07-005 AAK00548 176.78 179.83 Tqa VC 176.78 182.88 74.50 0.33 3.57 0.49
CH07-005 AAK00549 179.83 182.88 Tqa VC 176.78 182.88 74.50 0.33 3.57 0.49
CH07-005 AAK00550 182.88 185.93 Tqa VC 182.88 188.98 65.10 0.23 2.71 0.62
CH07-005 AAK00551 185.93 188.98 Tqa VC 182.88 188.98 65.10 0.23 2.71 0.62
CH07-005 AAK00552 188.98 192.02 Tqa VC 188.98 195.07 106.50 0.35 4.14 0.65
CH07-005 AAK00553 192.02 195.07 Tqa VC 188.98 195.07 106.50 0.35 4.14 0.65
CH07-005 AAK00554 195.07 198.12 Tqa VC 195.07 201.17 75.70 0.20 3.38 0.60
CH07-005 AAK00555 198.12 201.17 Tqa VC 195.07 201.17 75.70 0.20 3.38 0.60
CH07-005 AAK00556 201.17 204.22 Tqa VC 201.17 207.26 90.10 0.34 4.17 0.68
CH07-005 AAK00557 204.22 207.26 Tqa VC 201.17 207.26 90.10 0.34 4.17 0.68
CH07-005 AAK00558 207.26 210.31 Tqa VC 207.26 213.36 49.70 0.18 2.34 0.58
CH07-005 AAK00559 210.31 213.36 Tqa VC 207.26 213.36 49.70 0.18 2.34 0.58
CH07-005 AAK00560 213.36 216.41 Tqa VC 213.36 219.46 66.80 0.21 3.17 0.60
314
CH07-005 AAK00561 216.41 219.46 Tqa VC 213.36 219.46 66.80 0.21 3.17 0.60
CH07-005 AAK00562 219.46 222.50 Tqa VC 219.46 225.55 77.30 0.30 3.90 0.60
CH07-005 AAK00563 222.50 225.55 Tqa VC 219.46 225.55 77.30 0.30 3.90 0.60
CH07-005 AAK00564 225.55 228.60 Tqa VC 225.55 231.65 71.90 2.43 4.85 0.61
CH07-005 AAK00565 228.60 231.65 Tqa VC 225.55 231.65 71.90 2.43 4.85 0.61
CH07-005 AAK00566 231.65 234.70 Tqa VC 231.65 237.74 48.60 0.15 3.23 0.55
CH07-005 AAK00567 234.70 237.74 Tqa VC 231.65 237.74 48.60 0.15 3.23 0.55
CH07-005 AAK00569 237.74 240.79 Tqa VC 237.74 243.84 48.00 0.20 2.64 0.47
CH07-005 AAK00570 240.79 243.84 Tqa VC 237.74 243.84 48.00 0.20 2.64 0.47
CH07-005 AAK00571 243.84 246.89 Tqa VC 243.84 249.94 51.00 0.09 2.35 0.26
CH07-005 AAK00572 246.89 249.94 Tqa VC 243.84 249.94 51.00 0.09 2.35 0.26
CH07-005 AAK00573 249.94 252.98 Tqa VC 249.94 256.03 54.00 0.31 3.18 0.43
CH07-005 AAK00575 256.03 259.08 Dwb SM -1.97 0.19 18.39 0.51 256.03 262.13 65.00 0.49 3.82 0.48
CH07-005 AAK00577 262.13 265.18 Dwb SM 262.13 268.22 79.00 0.31 4.23 0.24
CH07-005 AAK00580 268.22 271.27 Dwb SM -1.32 0.19 21.41 0.51 268.22 274.32 46.00 0.26 2.24 0.23
CH07-005 AAK00582 274.32 277.37 Int QP 0.60 0.19 22.50 0.51 274.32 280.42 25.00 0.19 1.34 0.22
δ18O
‰
CH07-005 AAK00584 280.42 283.46 Dwb SM -0.34 0.19 22.22 0.51 280.42 286.51 49.00 0.03 1.24 0.10
CH07-005 AAK00586 286.51 289.56 Dwb SM 286.51 292.61 56.00 0.04 0.93 0.19
CH07-005 AAK00588 292.61 295.66 Dwb SM -0.58 0.19 22.01 0.51 292.61 298.70 35.00 0.03 1.73 0.18
CH07-005 AAK00590 298.70 301.75 Dwb SM -0.25 0.19 24.11 0.51 298.70 304.80 40.00 0.03 0.99 0.13
CH07-005 AAK00592 304.80 307.85 Dwb SM -0.45 0.19 19.69 0.51 304.80 310.90 31.00 0.05 1.01 0.16
CH07-005 AAK00594 310.90 313.94 Dwb SM -0.52 0.19 22.91 0.51 310.90 316.99 32.00 0.03 1.15 0.17
CH07-005 AAK00597 316.99 320.04 Dwb SM -0.19 0.19 23.96 0.51 316.99 323.09 28.00 0.04 0.84 0.12
CH07-005 AAK00599 323.09 326.14 Dwb SM 323.09 329.18 31.00 0.02 0.96 0.17
CH07-005 AAK00601 329.18 332.23 Dwb SM 329.18 335.28 17.00 0.03 0.53 0.13
CH07-005 AAK00603 335.28 338.33 Dwb SM 335.28 341.38 38.00 0.04 2.52 0.15
CH07-005 AAK00605 341.38 344.42 Dwb SM 0.49 0.19 26.52 0.51 341.38 347.47 31.00 0.04 1.17 0.23
CH07-005 AAK00608 347.47 350.52 Dwb SM 0.85 0.19 22.79 0.51 347.47 353.57 36.00 0.04 0.95 0.14
CH07-005 AAK00610 353.57 356.62 Dwb SM 0.87 0.19 24.48 0.51 353.57 359.66 18.00 0.02 0.79 0.20
315
CH07-005 AAK00612 359.66 362.71 Dwb SM 1.07 0.19 22.93 0.51 359.66 365.76 63.00 0.24 4.05 0.22
CH07-005 AAK00614 365.76 368.81 Dwb SM 0.14 0.19 20.50 0.51 365.76 371.86 135.00 0.46 6.73 0.22
CH07-005 AAK00616 371.86 374.90 Dwb SM 1.07 0.19 23.69 0.51 371.86 377.95 43.00 0.13 1.18 0.17
CH07-005 AAK00618 377.95 381.00 Dwb SM 0.60 0.19 19.44 0.51 377.95 384.05 23.00 0.11 0.97 0.17
CH07-005 AAK00620 384.05 387.10 Dwb SM 0.51 0.19 23.06 0.51 384.05 390.14 26.00 0.07 0.93 0.19
CH07-005 AAK00622 390.14 393.19 Dwb MB -1.72 0.19 20.01 0.51 390.14 396.24 30.00 0.09 0.71 0.25
CH07-005 AAK00624 396.24 399.29 Dwb SM -0.30 0.19 18.93 0.51 396.24 402.34 28.00 0.08 0.95 0.21
CH07-005 AAK00626 402.34 405.38 Dwb SM 402.34 408.43 22.00 0.05 1.14 0.23
CH07-005 AAK00629 408.43 411.48 Dwb SM -0.76 0.19 17.18 0.51 408.43 414.53 36.00 0.06 1.20 0.32
CH07-005 AAK00631 414.53 417.58 Dwb SM -0.37 0.19 19.60 0.51 414.53 420.62 19.00 0.10 0.58 0.20
CH07-005 AAK00633 420.62 423.67 Dwb SM 420.62 426.72 21.00 0.14 0.63 0.17
CH07-005 AAK00635 426.72 429.77 Dwb MB -1.48 0.19 20.41 0.51 426.72 432.82 14.00 0.04 0.84 0.11
CH07-005 AAK00638 432.82 435.86 Dwb MB -1.36 0.19 12.94 0.51 432.82 438.91 61.00 0.12 5.75 0.22
CH07-005 AAK00640 438.91 441.96 Dwb MB -2.85 0.19 16.76 0.51 438.91 445.01 12.00 0.08 0.27 0.09
CH07-005 AAK00642 445.01 448.06 Dwb MB 0.34 0.19 18.33 0.51 445.01 451.10 18.00 0.11 0.56 0.24
CH07-005 AAK00644 451.10 454.15 Dwb MB -1.51 0.19 18.19 0.51 451.10 457.20 7.00 0.08 0.40 0.03
δ18O
‰
CH07-005 AAK00646 457.20 460.25 Dwb MB -3.38 0.19 16.62 0.51 457.20 463.30 6.00 0.01 0.33 0.33
CH07-005 AAK00648 463.30 466.34 Dwb MB -4.62 0.19 18.04 0.51 463.30 469.39 10.00 0.03 0.42 0.35
CH07-005 AAK00650 469.39 472.44 Dwb MB 469.39 475.49 5.00 0.25 0.15 0.31
CH07-005 AAK00652 475.49 478.54 Dwb MB -4.35 0.19 16.42 0.51 475.49 481.58 7.80 0.08 0.18 0.21
CH07-005 AAK00654 481.58 484.63 Srm MB -3.92 0.19 15.41 0.51 481.58 487.68 20.00 0.11 0.49 0.16
CH07-005 AAK00656 487.68 490.73 Srm MB 487.68 493.78 10.00 0.05 0.62 0.16
CH07-005 AAK00659 493.78 496.82 Srm MB -4.38 0.19 18.11 0.51 493.78 499.87 8.00 0.04 0.16 0.09
CH07-005 AAK00661 499.87 502.92 Srm MB -1.38 0.39 12.20 0.14 499.87 505.97 9.00 0.04 0.15 0.08
CH07-005 AAK00663 505.97 509.02 Srm MB -1.16 0.19 17.04 0.51 505.97 512.06 16.00 0.06 1.67 0.06
CH07-005 AAK00665 512.06 515.11 Srm MB -0.72 0.19 16.22 0.51 512.06 518.16 14.00 0.07 1.75 0.05
CH07-005 AAK00667 518.16 521.21 Srm MB -1.02 0.19 13.59 0.51 518.16 524.26 23.00 0.08 2.07 0.08
CH07-005 AAK00670 524.26 527.30 Srm MB -3.88 0.19 14.18 0.51 524.26 530.35 24.00 0.10 0.86 0.03
CH07-005 AAK00672 530.35 533.40 Srm MB 530.35 536.45 23.00 0.08 1.35 0.03
316
CH07-005 AAK00674 536.45 539.50 Srm MB 536.45 542.54 57.00 0.08 3.46 0.15
CH07-005 AAK00676 542.54 545.59 Srm MB -4.14 0.19 13.64 0.51 542.54 548.64 19.00 0.04 0.98 0.38
CH07-005 AAK00678 548.64 551.69 Srm MB 548.64 554.74 96.00 0.20 6.90 0.76
CH07-005 AAK00680 554.74 557.78 Int QP 554.74 560.83 15.70 0.08 0.90 0.42
CH07-005 AAK00682 560.83 563.88 Int QP 560.83 566.93 8.10 0.06 0.71 0.18
CH07-005 AAK00684 566.93 569.98 Int QP 566.93 573.02 8.40 0.07 0.89 0.15
CH07-005 AAK00687 573.02 576.07 Int QP 573.02 579.12 10.40 0.07 1.09 0.11
CH07-005 AAK00689 579.12 582.17 Int QP 579.12 585.22 13.40 0.08 1.25 0.12
CH07-005 AAK00691 585.22 588.26 Int QP 585.22 591.31 13.20 0.07 0.91 0.19
CH07-005 AAK00693 591.31 594.36 Int QP 591.31 597.41 32.70 0.06 1.92 0.20
CH07-005 AAK00695 597.41 600.46 Int QP 597.41 603.50 26.30 0.09 1.11 0.23
CH07-005 AAK00698 603.50 606.55 Srm MB -1.81 0.17 10.93 0.81 603.50 609.60 30.00 0.05 0.51 0.09
CH07-005 AAK00700 609.60 612.65 Srm MB 609.60 615.70 62.00 0.11 1.38 0.19
CH07-005 AAK00702 615.70 618.74 Srm MB 615.70 621.79 368.00 0.34 13.10 0.59
CH07-005 AAK00704 621.79 624.84 Int QP 621.79 627.89 218.00 0.17 6.29 0.11
CH07-005 AAK00706 627.89 630.94 Srm MB 627.89 633.98 207.00 0.25 5.82 0.12
δ18O
‰
CH07-005 AAK00708 633.98 637.03 Srm MB -2.92 0.17 14.95 0.81 633.98 640.08 26.00 0.03 0.62 0.19
CH07-005 AAK00710 640.08 643.13 Srm MB 640.08 646.18 58.00 0.11 2.14 0.80
CH07-005 AAK00712 646.18 649.22 Srm SL 646.18 652.27 23.00 0.07 0.72 0.34
CH07-005 AAK00714 652.27 655.32 Int QP 652.27 658.37 35.00 0.13 1.46 0.25
CH07-005 AAK00716 658.37 661.42 Int QP 658.37 664.46 36.60 0.12 1.34 0.15
CH07-005 AAK00719 664.46 667.51 Int QP 664.46 670.56 25.00 0.22 1.04 0.17
CH07-005 AAK00721 670.56 673.61 Int QP 670.56 676.66 40.20 0.32 1.69 0.25
CH07-005 AAK00723 676.66 679.70 Int QP 676.66 682.75 47.50 0.24 2.46 0.21
CH07-005 AAK00725 682.75 685.80 Int QP 682.75 688.85 27.90 0.33 1.40 0.30
CH07-005 AAK00728 688.85 691.90 Srm SL -1.56 0.17 17.14 0.81 688.85 694.94 12.00 0.36 0.53 0.38
CH07-005 AAK00730 694.94 697.99 Srm SL -1.76 0.17 12.93 0.81 694.94 701.04 26.00 1.74 1.23 0.18
CH07-005 AAK00732 701.04 704.09 Srm SL -1.45 0.17 17.43 0.81 701.04 707.14 53.00 3.53 17.40 0.15
CH07-005 AAK00734 707.14 710.18 Srm SL -1.30 0.17 15.18 0.81 707.14 713.23 39.00 3.99 7.75 0.19
317
CH07-005 AAK00736 713.23 716.28 Srm SL -1.94 0.39 12.45 0.14 713.23 719.33 41.00 0.87 5.29 0.14
CH07-005 AAK00738 719.33 722.38 Srm SL -0.61 0.17 16.27 0.81 719.33 725.42 36.00 1.35 3.85 0.23
CH07-005 AAK00740 725.42 728.47 Srm SL -1.16 0.17 12.54 0.81 725.42 731.52 53.00 1.11 3.64 0.13
CH07-005 AAK00742 731.52 734.57 Srm SL -2.53 0.17 13.64 0.81 731.52 737.62 31.00 0.84 25.10 0.42
CH07-005 AAK00744 737.62 740.66 Srm SL -2.07 0.17 14.33 0.81 737.62 743.71 46.00 1.42 12.25 0.39
CH07-005 AAK00746 743.71 746.76 Int QP 743.71 749.81 86.40 2.56 61.10 3.56
CH07-005 AAK00749 749.81 752.86 Int QP 749.81 755.90 25.90 0.78 11.55 0.77
CH07-005 AAK00751 755.90 758.95 Int QP 755.90 762.00 28.30 1.01 9.48 1.35
CH07-005 AAK00753 762.00 765.05 Srm MB -3.62 0.17 10.70 0.81 762.00 768.10 43.00 1.09 8.32 0.29
CH07-005 AAK00755 768.10 771.14 Srm MB 768.10 774.19 18.00 0.22 2.23 0.82
CH07-005 AAK00757 774.19 777.24 Srm MB -2.58 0.17 16.24 0.81 774.19 780.29 216.00 0.93 7.78 0.43
CH07-005 AAK00760 780.29 783.34 Srm MB -1.56 0.17 7.29 0.81 780.29 786.38 58.00 0.94 16.40 0.58
CH07-005 AAK00762 786.38 789.43 Srm MB -2.54 0.17 10.23 0.81 786.38 792.48 98.00 2.07 26.00 0.51
CH07-005 AAK00764 792.48 795.53 Srm MB -1.08 0.17 6.05 0.81 792.48 798.58 73.00 0.93 26.40 0.40
CH07-005 AAK00766 798.58 801.62 Srm MB 798.58 804.67 89.00 1.13 49.80 0.44
CH07-005 AAK00768 804.67 807.72 Srm MB -1.64 0.17 8.90 0.81 804.67 810.77 195.00 1.42 56.00 0.89
δ18O
‰
CH07-005 AAK00770 810.77 813.82 Srm MB -2.03 0.39 8.87 0.14 810.77 816.86 219.00 1.13 51.70 0.54
CH07-005 AAK00772 816.86 819.91 Srm MB 816.86 822.96 798.00 4.72 212.00 1.24
CH07-005 AAK00774 822.96 826.01 Srm MB 822.96 829.06 179.00 0.97 41.80 0.44
CH07-005 AAK00777 829.06 832.10 Int QP 829.06 835.15 107.00 0.95 26.60 0.43
CH07-005 AAK00779 835.15 838.20 Int QP 835.15 841.25 93.60 0.83 19.00 0.39
CH07-005 AAK00781 841.25 844.30 Int QP 841.25 847.34 85.30 0.57 14.40 0.28
CH07-005 AAK00783 847.34 850.39 Int QP 847.34 853.44 29.70 0.21 6.72 0.26
CH07-005 AAK00785 853.44 856.49 Int QP 853.44 859.54 64.30 0.54 14.10 0.13
CH07-005 AAK00788 859.54 862.58 Srm SL 859.54 865.63 150.00 11.60 32.30 0.20
CH07-005 AAK00790 865.63 868.68 Srm SL -2.02 0.17 4.43 0.81 865.63 871.73 110.00 4.40 30.70 0.29
CH07-005 AAK00792 871.73 874.78 Srm SL -1.04 0.17 7.69 0.81 871.73 877.82 65.00 3.97 20.10 0.23
CH07-005 AAK00794 877.82 880.87 Srm SL -2.46 0.17 11.33 0.81 877.82 883.92 46.00 0.71 13.10 0.25
CH07-005 AAK00796 883.92 886.97 Srm MB 883.92 890.02 51.50 0.42 13.90 0.22
318
CH07-005 AAK00798 890.02 893.06 Srm MB 890.02 896.11 33.10 0.18 5.46 0.13
CH07-005 AAK00800 896.11 899.16 Srm MB -3.30 0.39 13.10 0.14 896.11 902.21 25.10 0.23 6.69 0.22
CH07-005 AAK00802 902.21 905.26 Srm MB 902.21 908.30 40.00 0.15 7.67 0.30
CH07-005 AAK00804 908.30 911.35 Srm MB -3.77 0.39 12.75 0.14 908.30 914.40 19.50 0.14 2.87 0.13
CH07-005 AAK00806 914.40 917.45 Srm MB 914.40 920.50 23.20 0.22 4.41 0.14
CH07-005 AAK00809 920.50 923.54 Int QP 920.50 926.59 22.50 0.26 4.28 0.13
CH07-005 AAK00811 926.59 929.64 Int QP 926.59 932.69 20.70 0.34 8.00 0.23
CH07-005 AAK00813 932.69 935.74 Int QP 932.69 938.78 40.80 0.30 8.31 0.18
CH07-005 AAK00815 938.78 941.83 Int QP 938.78 944.88 35.10 0.30 8.92 0.18
CH07-005 AAK00818 944.88 947.93 Int QP 944.88 950.98 26.00 0.16 6.47 0.15
CH07-005 AAK00820 950.98 954.02 Int QP 950.98 957.07 42.60 0.54 6.40 0.26
CH07-005 AAK00822 957.07 960.12 Srm MB -3.60 0.17 11.12 0.81 957.07 963.17 22.00 0.18 4.44 0.08
CH07-005 AAK00824 963.17 966.22 Srm MB -2.51 0.17 6.73 0.81 963.17 969.26 49.00 0.54 12.10 0.18
CH07-005 AAK00826 969.26 972.31 Srm MB -3.83 0.17 8.29 0.81 969.26 975.36 19.90 0.17 3.60 0.04
CH07-005 AAK00486A 975.36 978.41 Srm MB 975.36 981.46 44.00 0.52 12.75 0.36
CH07-005 AAK00488A 981.46 984.50 Srm MB -2.29 0.17 11.64 0.81 981.46 990.60 24.80 0.18 2.82 0.16
δ18O
‰
CH07-005 AAK00490A 987.55 990.60 Srm MB -3.09 0.17 10.32 0.81 981.46 990.60 24.80 0.18 2.82 0.16
CHPZ-22A AAY1423 18.29 21.34 Dwb SL -0.66 0.90 18.85 0.64 18.29 24.38 13.00 0.05 3.85 0.12
CHPZ-22A AAY1425 24.38 27.43 Dwb SL -4.18 0.77 15.68 0.74 24.38 30.48 24.00 0.04 4.79 0.16
CHPZ-22A AAY1428 30.48 33.53 Dwb SL 30.48 36.58 21.00 0.02 3.46 0.18
CHPZ-22A AAY1430 36.58 39.62 Dwb SL -0.35 0.47 14.23 0.61 36.58 42.67 19.00 0.01 4.25 0.21
CHPZ-22A AAY1432 42.67 45.72 Dwb SL -1.42 0.47 12.74 0.61 42.67 48.77 24.00 0.01 5.76 0.17
CHPZ-22A AAY1434 48.77 51.82 Dwb SL -0.88 0.47 16.60 0.61 48.77 54.86 19.00 0.01 3.51 0.25
CHPZ-22A AAY1436 54.86 57.91 Dwb SL 54.86 60.96 15.00 0.01 2.67 0.29
CHPZ-22A AAY1439 60.96 64.01 Dwb SL -2.27 0.47 15.26 0.00 60.96 67.06 9.00 0.01 2.47 0.33
CHPZ-22A AAY1441 67.06 70.10 Dwb SL 67.06 73.15 17.00 0.03 3.59 0.36
CHPZ-22A AAY1443 73.15 76.20 Dwb SL 73.15 79.25 33.00 0.16 6.65 0.27
CHPZ-22A AAY1445 79.25 82.30 Dwb SL 3.51 1.24 23.18 1.36 79.25 85.34 13.00 0.08 1.41 0.03
319
CHPZ-22A AAY1447 85.34 88.39 Dwb SL 1.41 1.24 21.74 1.36 85.34 91.44 23.00 0.07 1.12 0.02
CHPZ-22A AAY1449 91.44 94.49 Dwb SL 2.49 1.24 22.77 1.36 91.44 97.54 15.00 0.08 0.88 0.02
CHPZ-22A AAY1451 97.54 100.58 Dwb - 1.64 1.24 22.60 1.36 97.54 103.63 15.00 0.08 1.10 0.04
CHPZ-22A AAY1453 103.63 106.68 Dwb - 1.83 1.24 23.06 1.36 103.63 109.73 5.00 0.04 0.79 0.03
CHPZ-22A AAY1455 109.73 112.78 Dwb - 3.16 1.24 23.82 1.36 109.73 115.82 16.00 0.04 0.83 0.03
CHPZ-22A AAY1458 115.82 118.87 Dwb - 2.04 1.24 23.89 1.36 115.82 121.92 14.00 0.03 0.64 0.02
CHPZ-22A AAY1460 121.92 124.97 Dwb SM 3.05 1.24 24.46 1.36 121.92 128.02 9.00 0.01 0.82 0.02
CHPZ-22A AAY1462 128.02 131.06 Dwb SM 2.58 1.24 24.48 1.36 128.02 134.11 10.00 0.07 0.83 0.04
CHPZ-22A AAY1464 134.11 137.16 Dwb SM 2.48 1.24 22.57 1.36 134.11 140.21 11.00 0.09 0.57 0.03
CHPZ-22A AAY1466 140.21 143.26 Dwb SM 2.17 1.24 25.74 1.36 140.21 146.30 14.00 0.08 0.79 0.02
CHPZ-22A AAY1468 146.30 149.35 Dwb SM 2.24 1.24 25.45 1.36 146.30 152.40 18.00 0.02 0.99 0.02
CHPZ-22A AAY1471 152.40 155.45 Dwb SM 3.12 1.24 27.54 1.36 152.40 158.50 16.00 0.02 0.75 0.03
CHPZ-22A AAY1473 158.50 161.54 Dwb SM 2.14 1.24 24.72 1.36 158.50 164.59 16.00 0.03 0.81 0.04
CHPZ-22A AAY1475 164.59 167.64 Dwb SM 0.07 0.47 22.20 0.61 164.59 170.69 5.00 0.02 0.61 0.04
CHPZ-22A AAY1477 170.69 173.74 Dwb SM 1.67 1.24 24.97 1.36 170.69 176.78 14.00 0.01 0.27 0.02
CHPZ-22A AAY1479 176.78 179.83 Dwb SM 1.55 1.24 22.72 1.36 176.78 182.88 11.00 0.01 0.49 0.04
δ18O
‰
CHPZ-22A AAY1481 182.88 185.93 Dwb SM 2.04 1.24 24.77 1.36 182.88 188.98 13.00 0.02 0.54 0.03
CHPZ-22A AAY1483 188.98 192.02 Dwb SM 1.35 1.24 19.00 1.36 188.98 195.07 14.00 0.04 0.75 0.02
CHPZ-22A AAY1485 195.07 198.12 Dwb SM 195.07 201.17 10.00 0.01 0.49 0.02
CHPZ-22A AAY1488 201.17 204.22 Dwb SM 0.59 1.24 20.85 1.36 201.17 207.26 12.00 0.01 0.51 0.03
CHPZ-22A AAY1490 207.26 210.31 Dwb SM -0.17 1.24 19.73 1.36 207.26 213.36 8.00 0.02 0.66 0.02
CHPZ-22A AAY1492 213.36 216.41 Dwb SM 1.81 1.24 21.05 1.36 213.36 219.46 10.00 0.02 1.27 0.03
CHPZ-22A AAY1494 219.46 222.50 Dwb SM 0.43 1.24 21.36 1.36 219.46 225.55 12.00 0.02 1.17 0.02
CHPZ-22A AAY1496 225.55 228.60 Dwb SM 0.59 1.24 20.85 1.36 225.55 231.65 2.00 0.08 1.37 0.02
CHPZ-22A AAY1498 231.65 234.70 Dwb SM 0.32 1.24 18.44 1.36 231.65 237.74 16.00 0.20 2.96 0.02
CHPZ-22A AAY1501 237.74 240.79 Dwb SM 0.45 1.24 19.62 1.36 237.74 243.84 6.00 0.21 1.28 0.04
CHPZ-22A AAY1503 243.84 246.89 Dwb SM 0.62 1.24 20.84 1.36 243.84 249.94 16.00 0.29 1.25 0.03
CHPZ-22A AAY1505 249.94 252.98 Dwb SM 0.11 1.24 18.17 1.36 249.94 256.03 5.00 0.25 1.12 0.02
CHPZ-22A AAY1507 256.03 259.08 Dwb SM -0.46 1.24 20.03 1.36 256.03 262.13 19.00 0.52 2.01 0.03
320
CHPZ-22A AAY1509 262.13 265.18 Dwb SM 0.23 1.24 18.28 1.36 262.13 268.22 18.00 0.23 1.67 0.02
CHPZ-22A AAY1511 268.22 271.27 Dwb SM -0.28 1.24 17.35 1.36 268.22 274.32 41.00 0.17 2.44 0.05
CHPZ-22A AAY1513 274.32 277.37 Dwb SM -0.18 1.24 21.06 1.36 274.32 280.42 28.00 0.07 1.25 0.05
CHPZ-22A AAY1515 280.42 283.46 Dwb SM -0.82 1.24 21.17 1.36 280.42 286.51 51.00 0.11 2.20 0.05
CHPZ-22A AAY1517 286.51 289.56 Dwb SM -0.64 1.24 21.98 1.36 286.51 292.61 33.00 0.14 1.44 0.06
CHPZ-22A AAY1520 292.61 295.66 Dwb SM -0.58 1.24 22.71 1.36 292.61 298.70 33.00 0.12 1.18 0.07
CHPZ-22A AAY1522 298.70 301.75 Dwb SM 298.70 304.80 21.00 0.08 1.89 0.03
CHPZ-22A AAY1524 304.80 307.85 Dwb SM -1.39 1.24 19.62 1.36 304.80 310.90 22.00 0.11 1.64 0.03
CHPZ-22A AAY1526 310.90 313.94 Dwb SM -0.28 0.47 20.14 0.61 310.90 316.99 27.00 0.17 2.71 0.02
CHPZ-22A AAY1528 316.99 320.04 Dwb SM 316.99 323.09 23.00 0.20 2.07 0.03
CHPZ-22A AAY1530 323.09 326.14 Dwb SM -0.06 0.77 20.36 0.74 323.09 329.18 24.00 0.12 1.67 0.03
CHPZ-22A AAY1533 329.18 332.23 Dwb SM -0.43 0.77 21.81 0.74 329.18 335.28 22.00 0.07 1.77 0.04
CHPZ-22A AAY1535 335.28 338.33 Dwb SM -0.85 0.77 19.35 0.74 335.28 341.38 12.00 0.05 1.24 0.02
CHPZ-22A AAY1537 341.38 344.42 Dwb SM -0.45 0.77 16.77 0.74 341.38 347.47 13.00 0.09 1.04 0.02
CHPZ-22A AAY1539 347.47 350.52 Dwb SM -0.53 0.77 18.45 0.74 347.47 353.57 12.00 0.18 2.91 0.08
CHPZ-22A AAY1541 353.57 356.62 Srm SM -1.23 0.77 12.32 0.74 353.57 359.66 28.00 0.30 3.05 0.10
δ18O
‰
CHPZ-22A AAY1543 359.66 362.71 Srm SM -1.63 0.77 13.02 0.74 359.66 365.76 15.00 0.34 2.83 0.11
CHPZ-22A AAY1545 365.76 368.81 Srm SM -2.00 0.77 10.30 0.74 365.76 371.86 19.00 0.30 4.54 0.11
CHPZ-22A AAY1548 371.86 374.90 Srm SM -1.88 0.77 14.72 0.74 371.86 377.95 34.00 0.41 6.10 0.16
CHPZ-22A AAY1550 377.95 381.00 Srm SM -0.33 0.77 17.03 0.74 377.95 384.05 43.10 0.23 5.28 0.39
CHPZ-22A AAY1552 384.05 387.10 Int QP -0.08 0.77 12.28 0.74 384.05 390.14 57.60 0.36 8.59 0.18
CHPZ-22A AAY1554 390.14 393.19 Int QP 390.14 396.24 23.60 0.16 2.67 0.10
CHPZ-22A AAY1556 396.24 399.29 Int QP 396.24 402.34 85.60 0.48 6.80 0.13
CHPZ-22A AAY1558 402.34 405.38 Int QP 402.34 408.43 64.40 0.22 4.74 0.22
CHPZ-22A AAY1561 408.43 411.48 Int QP 408.43 414.53 43.90 0.28 5.86 0.29
CHPZ-22A AAY1563 414.53 417.58 Int QP 414.53 420.62 183.00 0.41 18.15 1.04
CHPZ-22A AAY1565 420.62 423.67 Ohc SL -0.33 0.77 17.08 0.74 420.62 426.72 215.00 0.14 8.71 0.28
CHPZ-22A AAY1567 426.72 429.77 Ohc SL 0.28 0.77 11.43 0.74 426.72 432.82 182.00 0.69 14.10 0.92
CHPZ-22A AAY1569 432.82 435.86 Int QP 432.82 438.91 34.40 0.20 3.45 0.25
321
CHPZ-22A AAY1571 438.91 441.96 Int QP 438.91 445.01 63.00 0.10 5.61 0.21
CHPZ-22A AAY1573 445.01 448.06 Int QP 445.01 451.10 47.20 0.12 4.04 0.25
CHPZ-22A AAY1575 451.10 454.15 Int QP 451.10 457.20 305.00 0.27 13.15 0.52
CHPZ-22A AAY1577 457.20 460.25 Int QP 457.20 463.30 19.00 0.08 2.72 0.07
CHPZ-22A AAY1580 463.30 466.34 Ohc DO 0.10 0.90 23.09 0.64 463.30 469.39 21.00 0.08 2.07 0.08
CHPZ-22A AAY1582 469.39 472.44 Ohc DO -0.76 0.77 20.53 0.74 469.39 475.49 30.00 0.10 2.93 0.14
CHPZ-22A AAY1584 475.49 478.54 Ohc DO -0.76 0.77 20.50 0.74 475.49 481.58 35.00 0.13 2.72 0.13
CHPZ-22A AAY1586 481.58 484.63 Ohc DO -1.04 0.77 22.55 0.74 481.58 487.68 17.00 0.08 2.26 0.08
CHPZ-22A AAY1588 487.68 490.73 Ohc DO -0.03 0.77 22.51 0.74 487.68 493.78 29.00 0.12 2.32 0.11
CHPZ-22A AAY1591 493.78 496.82 Ohc DO 0.12 0.90 21.99 0.64 493.78 499.87 28.00 0.14 3.03 0.17
CHPZ-22A AAY1593 499.87 502.92 Ohc DO 0.27 0.90 23.83 0.64 499.87 505.97 25.00 0.16 3.10 0.15
CHPZ-22A AAY1595 505.97 509.02 Ohc DO 0.10 0.90 22.61 0.64 505.97 512.06 29.00 0.13 2.75 0.12
CHPZ-22A AAY1597 512.06 515.11 Ohc DO 512.06 518.16 75.00 0.26 6.29 0.38
CHPZ-22A AAY1599 518.16 521.21 Int QM 518.16 524.26 62.30 0.12 3.72 0.23
CHPZ-22A AAY1601 524.26 527.30 Int QM 524.26 530.35 21.80 0.04 1.66 0.25
CHPZ-22A AAY1603 530.35 533.40 Int QM 530.35 536.45 33.40 0.08 2.85 0.35
δ18O
‰
CHPZ-22A AAY1605 536.45 539.50 Int QM 0.06 0.90 16.32 0.64 536.45 542.54 4.70 0.04 0.49 0.25
CHPZ-22A AAY1607 542.54 545.59 Int QM 1.01 0.90 17.80 0.64 542.54 548.64 11.30 0.03 1.18 0.27
CHPZ-293 CCH02611 9.14 12.19 TG CG 6.10 12.19 13.00 0.08 2.21 0.06
CHPZ-293 CCH02615 21.34 24.38 TG CG 18.29 24.38 16.00 0.27 2.80 0.05
CHPZ-293 - 33.53 39.62 TVC TF 30.48 36.58 33.00 0.15 4.41 0.08
CHPZ-293 CCH02625 48.77 51.82 TVC TF 48.77 54.86 31.00 0.70 7.32 0.13
CHPZ-293 CCH02630 60.96 64.01 TVC TF 54.86 60.96 24.00 0.12 3.00 0.09
CHPZ-293 CCH02634 73.15 76.20 TG CG 67.06 73.15 17.00 0.06 0.92 0.15
CHPZ-293 CCH02639 85.34 88.39 TVC TF 79.25 85.34 8.00 0.04 0.62 0.12
CHPZ-293 CCH02643 97.54 100.58 TVC TF 91.44 97.54 10.00 0.08 0.76 0.08
CHPZ-293 CCH02647 109.73 112.78 TVC TF 103.63 109.73 0.80 0.07 0.11 0.21
CHPZ-293 CCH02652 121.92 124.97 TTF TF 115.82 121.92 7.30 0.16 0.22 0.19
322
CHPZ-293 CCH02656 134.11 137.16 Dwb HF 0.12 0.27 3.73 0.24 128.02 134.11 22.00 0.12 1.87 0.09
CHPZ-293 CCH02661 146.30 149.35 Dwb HF 2.33 0.86 11.54 0.48 140.21 146.30 3.00 0.08 0.59 0.03
CHPZ-293 CCH02665 158.50 161.54 Dwb HF 1.43 0.86 15.62 0.48 152.40 158.50 3.00 0.10 0.50 0.03
CHPZ-293 CCH02669 170.69 173.74 Dwb HF -0.38 0.86 13.82 0.48 164.59 170.69 9.00 0.15 0.70 0.05
CHPZ-293 CCH02674 182.88 185.93 Dwb HF -0.44 0.86 16.85 0.48 176.78 182.88 3.00 0.06 0.39 0.03
CHPZ-293 CCH02678 195.07 198.12 Dwb HF 0.16 1.43 18.57 0.84 195.07 201.17 2.00 0.12 0.19 0.03
CHPZ-293 CCH02683 207.26 210.31 Dwb HF -2.09 0.86 17.11 0.48 207.26 213.36 4.00 0.06 0.29 0.41
CHPZ-293 CCH02687 219.46 222.50 Dwb SM -2.71 0.27 17.73 0.24 219.46 225.55 4.00 0.01 0.20 0.39
CHPZ-293 CCH02691 231.65 234.70 Dwb SM -3.66 0.86 16.97 0.48 231.65 237.74 2.00 0.01 0.25 0.10
CHPZ-293 CCH02696 243.84 246.89 Dwb SM -2.22 0.27 13.30 0.24 243.84 249.94 25.00 0.05 0.76 0.46
CHPZ-293 CCH02700 256.03 259.08 Dwb MB -1.03 0.86 17.91 0.48 256.03 262.13 21.00 0.07 0.69 0.10
CHPZ-293 CCH02705 268.22 271.27 Dwb HF -1.52 0.86 18.11 0.48 268.22 274.32 8.00 0.05 0.37 0.21
CHPZ-293 CCH02709 280.42 283.46 Dwb MB 0.13 0.86 16.49 0.48 280.42 286.51 43.00 0.13 1.98 0.11
CHPZ-293 CCH02713 292.61 295.66 Dwb MB -1.74 0.86 14.22 0.48 292.61 298.70 12.00 0.07 0.39 0.22
CHPZ-293 CCH02718 304.80 307.85 Dwb HF -3.66 0.27 18.94 0.24 304.80 310.90 7.00 0.01 0.32 0.39
CHPZ-293 CCH02722 316.99 320.04 Dwb HF -3.36 0.86 17.74 0.48 316.99 323.09 5.00 0.03 0.29 0.07
δ18O
‰
CHPZ-293 CCH02727 329.18 332.23 Dwb HF -2.50 0.27 17.85 0.24 329.18 335.28 7.00 0.01 0.28 0.12
CHPZ-293 CCH02731 341.38 344.42 Dwb MB 341.38 347.47 13.00 0.07 0.54 0.16
CHPZ-293 CCH02735 353.57 356.62 Dwb MB 353.57 359.66 16.00 0.34 0.76 0.25
CHPZ-293 CCH02740 365.76 368.81 Dwb HF -4.25 0.86 15.15 0.48 365.76 371.86 7.00 0.15 0.77 0.10
CHPZ-293 CCH02744 377.95 381.00 Dwb HF -2.09 0.27 14.18 0.24 377.95 384.05 29.00 0.39 1.33 0.09
CHPZ-293 CCH02749 390.14 393.19 Dwb HF -0.81 0.27 15.47 0.24 390.14 396.24 12.00 0.15 0.58 0.06
CHPZ-293 CCH02753 402.34 405.38 Dwb MB -0.18 0.27 14.99 0.24 402.34 408.43 184.00 1.04 39.40 0.06
CHPZ-293 CCH02757 414.53 417.58 Dwb MB -1.01 0.86 7.47 0.48 414.53 420.62 66.00 0.33 3.71 0.10
CHPZ-293 CCH02762 426.72 429.77 Dwb MB -0.82 0.86 14.54 0.48 426.72 432.82 19.00 0.15 1.25 0.19
CHPZ-293 CCH02766 438.91 441.96 Dwb MB -3.79 0.86 14.49 0.48 438.91 445.01 24.00 0.14 2.11 0.07
CHPZ-293 CCH02771 451.10 454.15 Dwb MB 451.10 457.20 18.00 0.12 1.63 0.10
CHPZ-293 CCH02775 463.30 466.34 Dwb HF -2.36 0.27 18.56 0.24 463.30 469.39 12.00 0.08 0.74 0.28
CHPZ-293 CCH02779 475.49 478.54 Int IU -1.29 0.27 12.87 0.24 475.49 481.58 46.00 0.10 0.73 0.08
323
CHPZ-293 CCH02784 487.68 490.73 Dwb MB -2.37 0.27 13.09 0.24 487.68 493.78 16.00 0.05 0.41 0.07
CHPZ-293 CCH02788 499.87 502.92 Unk UN 3.32 1.43 14.94 0.84 499.87 505.97 226.00 3.00 21.90 1.65
CHPZ-293 CCH02793 512.06 515.11 Unk UN -1.16 0.27 11.25 0.24 512.06 518.16 469.00 7.97 53.30 6.89
CHPZ-293 CCH02797 524.26 527.30 Int IU 524.26 530.35 413.00 6.44 57.40 6.65
DC-063 VV6413 67.06 70.10 Dhc SL 64.01 73.15 98.00 0.35 4.97 0.59
DC-063 VV6415 73.15 76.20 Dhc SL -1.74 0.78 18.15 0.58 73.15 82.30 92.00 0.35 4.12 5.14
DC-063 VV6417 79.25 82.30 Dhc SL -0.98 0.78 17.06 0.58 73.15 82.30 92.00 0.35 4.12 5.14
DC-063 VV6419 85.34 88.39 Dhc SL -2.12 0.78 16.63 0.58 82.30 91.44 95.00 0.40 3.05 0.78
DC-063 AAJ02426 91.44 94.49 Dhc SL 91.44 100.58 52.00 0.40 2.79 0.22
DC-063 AAJ02428 97.54 100.58 Dhc MI -1.03 0.78 14.11 0.58 91.44 100.58 52.00 0.40 2.79 0.22
DC-063 AAJ02430 103.63 106.68 Dwb MI -1.83 0.78 16.18 0.58 100.58 109.73 358.00 1.05 11.30 0.50
DC-063 AAJ02432 109.73 112.78 Dwb MI -0.39 0.78 12.24 0.58 109.73 118.87 209.00 1.03 6.52 0.29
DC-063 AAJ02434 115.82 118.87 Dwb MI -0.06 0.78 10.05 0.58 109.73 118.87 209.00 1.03 6.52 0.29
DC-063 AAJ02436 121.92 124.97 Dwb MI -0.65 0.78 12.52 0.58 118.87 128.02 106.00 1.14 10.45 0.33
DC-063 AAJ02438 128.02 131.06 Dwb MI -1.05 0.78 13.84 0.58 128.02 137.16 53.00 1.10 3.83 0.34
δ18O
‰
DC-063 AAJ02440 134.11 137.16 Dwb MI -0.54 0.47 13.96 0.61 128.02 137.16 53.00 1.10 3.83 0.34
DC-063 AAJ02442 140.21 143.26 Dwb MI 137.16 146.30 86.00 0.93 6.07 0.35
DC-063 AAJ02444 146.30 149.35 Dwb MI 0.56 0.49 12.64 0.47 146.30 155.45 205.00 1.24 8.99 0.67
DC-063 AAJ02446 152.40 155.45 Dwb MI -0.60 0.49 10.42 0.47 146.30 155.45 205.00 1.24 8.99 0.67
DC-063 AAJ02448 158.50 161.54 Dwb MI -0.59 0.49 11.35 0.47 155.45 164.59 242.00 1.50 13.00 0.57
DC-063 AAJ02450 164.59 167.64 Dwb MI 0.29 0.49 12.75 0.47 164.59 173.74 311.00 9.58 7.88 1.20
DC-063 AAJ02454 170.69 173.74 Dwb MI -1.62 0.49 14.20 0.47 164.59 173.74 311.00 9.58 7.88 1.20
DC-063 AAJ02456 176.78 179.83 Dwb MI -0.85 0.49 14.15 0.47 173.74 182.88 346.00 14.30 5.73 1.62
DC-063 AAJ02458 182.88 185.93 Dwb CS 182.88 192.02 238.00 16.35 5.78 1.82
DC-063 AAJ02460 188.98 192.02 Int QP 182.88 192.02 238.00 16.35 5.78 1.82
DC-063 AAJ02462 195.07 198.12 Int-Dwb QP 0.18 0.49 15.31 0.47 192.02 201.17 367.00 26.00 5.74 5.70
DC-063 AAJ02464 201.17 204.22 Dwb CS 201.17 210.31 151.00 4.14 2.31 3.49
DC-063 AAJ02466 207.26 210.31 Int QP 201.17 210.31 151.00 4.14 2.31 3.49
324
DC-063 AAJ02468 213.36 216.41 Dwb CS 0.29 0.49 14.39 0.47 210.31 219.46 198.00 4.32 3.62 1.70
DC-063 AAJ02470 219.46 222.50 Dwb CS 0.46 0.49 14.13 0.47 219.46 228.60 182.00 4.05 4.93 1.44
DC-063 AAJ02472 225.55 228.60 Dwb CS -0.71 0.49 14.59 0.47 219.46 228.60 182.00 4.05 4.93 1.44
DC-063 AAJ02474 231.65 234.70 Unk BX -1.16 0.49 13.50 0.47 228.60 237.74 549.00 13.10 11.05 1.38
DC-063 AAJ02476 237.74 240.79 Dwb CS 0.36 0.49 12.77 0.47 237.74 246.89 257.00 5.19 4.78 1.28
DC-063 AAJ02480 243.84 246.89 Dwb CS 0.23 0.49 13.59 0.47 237.74 246.89 257.00 5.19 4.78 1.28
DC-063 AAJ02482 249.94 252.98 Dwb CS -1.62 0.49 14.64 0.47 246.89 256.03 382.00 12.95 2.45 1.28
DC-063 AAJ02484 256.03 259.08 Dwb CS -1.03 0.49 13.52 0.47 256.03 265.18 481.00 5.17 5.01 0.71
DC-063 AAJ02486 262.13 265.18 Dwb CS -0.21 0.49 3.30 0.47 256.03 265.18 481.00 5.17 5.01 0.71
DC-063 AAJ02488 268.22 271.27 Dwb MB -1.40 0.49 15.51 0.47 265.18 274.32 142.00 5.58 1.02 0.77
DC-063 AAJ02490 274.32 277.37 Dwb MB -1.59 0.49 14.89 0.47 274.32 283.46 287.00 3.48 3.22 0.43
DC-063 AAJ02492 280.42 283.46 Dwb MB -1.31 0.49 15.98 0.47 274.32 283.46 287.00 3.48 3.22 0.43
DC-063 AAJ02494 286.51 289.56 Dwb MB -1.03 0.49 16.50 0.47 283.46 292.61 114.00 2.24 0.93 0.73
DC-063 AAJ02496 292.61 295.66 Dwb MB -1.09 0.49 16.67 0.47 292.61 301.75 122.00 1.29 0.75 1.06
DC-063 AAJ02498 298.70 301.75 Dwb MB -1.02 0.49 16.66 0.47 292.61 301.75 122.00 1.29 0.75 1.06
DC-063 AAJ02500 304.80 307.85 Dwb MB -1.63 0.49 15.92 0.47 301.75 310.90 104.00 0.54 0.62 1.10
δ18O
‰
DC-063 AAJ02502 310.90 313.94 Dwb MB -2.02 0.49 13.50 0.47 310.90 320.04 126.00 0.60 0.65 0.87
DC-063 AAJ02504 316.99 320.04 Dwb MB -1.25 0.49 15.26 0.47 310.90 320.04 126.00 0.60 0.65 0.87
DC-063 AAJ02508 323.09 326.14 Dwb MB -1.17 0.49 14.46 0.47 320.04 329.18 162.00 0.73 0.81 0.65
DC-063 AAJ02510 329.18 332.23 Dwb MB -0.09 0.49 14.68 0.47 329.18 338.33 216.00 1.69 1.38 0.58
DC-063 AAJ02512 335.28 338.33 Dwb MB -1.85 0.49 14.67 0.47 329.18 338.33 216.00 1.69 1.38 0.58
DC-063 AAJ02514 341.38 344.42 Dwb-Int CS 338.33 347.47 85.00 0.88 0.77 0.46
DC-063 AAJ02516 347.47 350.52 Dwb MI -0.11 0.49 20.24 0.47 347.47 356.62 25.00 0.08 0.25 0.12
DC-063 AAJ02518 353.57 356.62 Dwb MI 0.53 0.49 20.77 0.47 347.47 356.62 25.00 0.08 0.25 0.12
DC-063 AAJ02520 359.66 362.71 Dwb MI 0.61 0.49 21.07 0.47 356.62 365.76 18.00 0.05 0.30 0.11
DC-063 AAJ02522 365.76 368.81 Dwb MI 0.24 0.49 19.37 0.47 365.76 374.90 88.00 1.50 1.73 0.20
DC-063 AAJ02524 371.86 374.90 Dwb MI 0.40 1.24 16.47 1.36 365.76 374.90 88.00 1.50 1.73 0.20
DC-063 AAJ02526 377.95 381.00 Dwb-Int QP 0.24 0.49 19.37 0.47 374.90 384.05 248.00 1.21 4.77 0.16
DC-063 AAJ02528 384.05 387.10 Dwb MB -1.04 1.24 7.82 1.36 384.05 393.19 1065.00 2.94 35.50 0.59
325
DC-063 AAJ02530 390.14 393.19 Dwb MB -0.43 1.24 14.30 1.36 384.05 393.19 1065.00 2.94 35.50 0.59
DC-063 AAJ02534 396.24 399.29 Dwb MB -1.22 1.24 13.56 1.36 393.19 402.34 208.00 2.06 7.77 0.56
DC-063 AAJ02536 402.34 405.38 Dwb MB -2.73 1.24 12.63 1.36 402.34 411.48 523.00 4.10 35.80 0.98
DC-063 AAJ02538 408.43 411.48 Dwb MB -1.08 1.24 12.01 1.36 402.34 411.48 523.00 4.10 35.80 0.98
DC-063 AAJ02540 414.53 417.58 Dwb CS -0.40 1.24 12.69 1.36 411.48 420.62 213.00 3.45 24.90 0.72
DC-063 AAJ02542 420.62 423.67 Dwb CS -0.21 1.24 14.33 1.36 420.62 426.72 177.00 1.23 5.75 0.78
DC-234 BBA2662 0.00 3.05 Tqa

DC-234 BBA2663 3.05 6.10 Tqa
DC-234 BBA2664 6.10 9.14 Tqa
DC-234 BBA2665 9.14 12.19 Tqa
DC-234 BBA2666 12.19 15.24 Tqa
DC-234 BBA2667 15.24 18.29 Tqa
DC-234 BBA2668 18.29 21.34 Tqa
DC-234 BBA2669 21.34 24.38 Tqa
DC-234 BBA2670 24.38 27.43 Tqa
δ18O
‰
DC-234 BBA2671 27.43 30.48 Tqa
DC-234 BBA2672 30.48 33.53 Tqa
DC-234 BBA2673 33.53 36.58 Tqa
DC-234 BBA2674 36.58 39.62 Tqa
DC-234 BBA2675 39.62 42.67 Tqa
DC-234 BBA2676 42.67 45.72 Tqa
DC-234 BBA2677 45.72 48.77 Tqa
DC-234 BBA2678 48.77 51.82 Tqa
DC-234 BBA2679 51.82 54.86 Tqa
DC-234 BBA2680 54.86 57.91 Tqa
DC-234 BBA2681 57.91 60.96 Tqa
DC-234 BBA2682 60.96 64.01 Tqa
DC-234 BBA2684 64.01 67.06 Tqa
326
DC-234 BBA2685 67.06 70.10 Tqa

DC-234 BBA2686 70.10 73.15 Tqa
DC-234 BBA2687 73.15 76.20 Tqa
DC-234 BBA2688 76.20 79.25 Tqa
DC-234 BBA2689 79.25 82.30 Tqa
DC-234 BBA2691 85.34 88.39 Dwb SM -0.07 1.43 19.20 0.84 85.34 91.44 20.00 0.04 0.92 0.19
DC-234 BBA2694 91.44 94.49 Dwb SM -0.63 1.43 21.53 0.84 91.44 97.54 20.00 0.04 1.45 0.14
DC-234 BBA2696 97.54 100.58 Dwb SM 0.33 1.43 24.29 0.84 97.54 103.63 31.00 0.05 5.22 0.11
DC-234 BBA2698 103.63 106.68 Dwb SM -1.08 1.43 21.19 0.84 103.63 109.73 19.00 0.04 2.52 0.10
DC-234 BBA2700 109.73 112.78 Dwb SM 109.73 115.82 24.00 0.05 3.02 0.08
DC-234 BBA2702 115.82 118.87 Dwb SM 115.82 121.92 18.00 0.02 0.79 0.06
DC-234 BBA2704 121.92 124.97 Dwb SM -0.67 1.43 22.34 0.84 121.92 128.02 37.00 0.05 0.96 0.10
DC-234 BBA2706 128.02 131.06 Dwb SM 128.02 134.11 16.00 0.01 0.80 0.08
DC-234 BBA2708 134.11 137.16 Dwb SM 3.73 1.43 24.36 0.84 134.11 140.21 11.00 0.02 0.57 0.03
DC-234 BBA2710 140.21 143.26 Dwb SM -0.44 1.43 22.38 0.84 140.21 146.30 16.00 0.03 0.48 0.05
DC-234 BBA2712 146.30 149.35 Dwb SM 146.30 152.40 19.00 0.02 0.22 0.11
δ18O
‰
DC-234 BBA2715 152.40 155.45 Dwb SM 0.78 1.43 24.56 0.84 152.40 158.50 16.00 0.02 0.20 0.05
DC-234 BBA2717 158.50 161.54 Dwb MB -1.57 1.43 17.52 0.84 158.50 164.59 89.00 0.05 1.71 0.05
DC-234 BBA2719 164.59 167.64 Dwb MB -2.54 1.43 17.95 0.84 164.59 170.69 20.00 0.02 0.52 0.02
DC-234 BBA2721 170.69 173.74 Dwb MB 0.20 1.43 19.02 0.84 170.69 176.78 27.00 0.02 0.47 0.08
DC-234 BBA2723 176.78 179.83 Dwb MB -2.90 1.43 15.24 0.84 176.78 182.88 13.00 0.01 0.28 0.08
DC-234 BBA2726 182.88 185.93 Dwb MB -3.15 1.43 17.57 0.84 182.88 188.98 13.00 0.01 0.24 0.08
DC-234 BBA2728 188.98 192.02 Dwb MB -1.19 1.43 20.20 0.84 188.98 195.07 12.00 0.02 0.26 0.15
DC-234 BBA2730 195.07 198.12 Dwb MB 195.07 201.17 26.00 0.03 0.26 0.30
DC-234 BBA2732 201.17 204.22 Dwb MB -0.50 1.43 15.55 0.84 201.17 207.26 36.00 0.03 0.81 0.13
DC-234 BBA2734 207.26 210.31 Dwb MB -2.16 1.43 14.50 0.84 207.26 213.36 14.00 0.02 0.19 0.23
DC-234 BBA2736 213.36 216.41 Dwb MB 213.36 219.46 14.00 0.01 0.27 0.09
DC-234 BBA2738 219.46 222.50 Dwb MB -0.03 0.78 21.25 0.78 219.46 225.55 36.00 0.06 0.49 0.15
DC-234 BBA2740 225.55 228.60 Dwb SM 3.11 1.43 17.86 0.84 225.55 231.65 138.00 0.17 0.92 0.15
327
DC-234 BBA2742 231.65 234.70 Dwb SM -0.80 1.43 16.59 0.84 231.65 237.74 108.00 0.27 0.80 0.27
DC-234 BBA2744 237.74 240.79 Dwb SM -0.52 1.43 19.69 0.84 237.74 243.84 39.00 0.03 0.30 0.20
DC-234 BBA2747 243.84 246.89 Dwb SM -0.15 1.43 18.21 0.84 243.84 249.94 28.00 0.02 1.68 0.23
DC-234 BBA2749 249.94 252.98 Dwb SM 3.24 1.43 18.87 0.84 249.94 256.03 57.00 0.06 6.20 0.23
DC-234 BBA2751 256.03 259.08 Dwb SM -0.19 1.43 16.14 0.84 256.03 262.13 63.00 0.14 9.39 0.27
DC-234 BBA2753 262.13 265.18 Dwb SM 3.88 1.43 13.40 0.84 262.13 268.22 77.00 0.17 8.88 0.26
DC-234 BBA2756 268.22 271.27 Dwb SM 3.09 0.84 13.80 0.84 268.22 274.32 53.00 0.12 3.78 0.34
DC-234 BBA2758 274.32 277.37 Dwb SM 274.32 280.42 32.00 0.05 1.96 0.16
DC-234 BBA2760 280.42 283.46 Dwb SM 2.86 1.43 18.60 0.84 280.42 286.51 17.00 0.04 1.03 0.09
DC-234 BBA2762 286.51 289.56 Dwb SM 2.67 1.43 19.58 0.84 286.51 292.61 20.00 0.14 1.34 0.10
DC-234 BBA2764 292.61 295.66 Dwb SM 0.82 1.43 20.44 0.84 292.61 298.70 28.00 0.10 1.96 0.14
DC-234 BBA2766 298.70 301.75 Dwb SM 298.70 304.80 20.00 0.07 0.56 0.13
DC-234 BBA2768 304.80 307.85 Dwb SM 304.80 310.90 12.00 0.04 0.42 0.21
DC-234 BBA2770 310.90 313.94 Dwb SM -3.31 1.43 15.66 0.84 310.90 316.99 14.00 0.06 0.42 0.27
DC-234 BBA2772 316.99 320.04 Dwb SM -2.00 1.43 18.13 0.84 316.99 323.09 16.00 0.03 0.46 0.22
DC-234 BBA2774 323.09 326.14 Dwb SM 1.95 1.43 19.62 0.84 323.09 329.18 8.00 0.02 0.33 0.19
δ18O
‰
DC-234 BBA2777 329.18 332.23 Dwb SM 329.18 335.28 22.00 0.01 0.29 0.12
DC-234 BBA2779 335.28 338.33 Dwb SM -2.06 1.43 18.73 0.84 335.28 341.38 16.00 0.01 0.28 0.04
DC-234 BBA2781 341.38 344.42 Dwb SM 0.69 0.60 19.83 0.48 341.38 347.47 43.00 0.06 1.35 0.25
DC-234 BBA2783 347.47 350.52 Int QP 347.47 353.57 96.30 0.27 1.49 0.06
DC-234 BBA2785 353.57 356.62 Int QP 353.57 359.66 23.60 0.10 1.03 0.35
DC-234 BBA2788 359.66 362.71 Int QP 359.66 365.76 17.90 0.04 0.55 0.21
DC-234 BBA2790 365.76 368.81 Int-Dwb SL 365.76 371.86 17.00 0.06 0.43 0.20
DC-234 BBA2792 371.86 374.90 Dwb SL 371.86 377.95 15.00 0.09 0.26 0.58
DC-234 BBA2794 377.95 381.00 Srm CS -2.91 0.60 17.49 0.48 377.95 384.05 3.60 0.02 0.17 0.17
DC-234 BBA2796 384.05 387.10 Srm CS -1.92 0.60 17.18 0.48 384.05 390.14 16.00 0.05 0.66 0.26
DC-234 BBA2798 390.14 393.19 Srm CS -2.63 0.60 13.68 0.48 390.14 396.24 23.00 0.07 1.23 0.05
DC-234 BBA2800 396.24 399.29 Srm CS -3.11 0.60 15.93 0.48 396.24 402.34 12.00 0.07 0.66 0.10
DC-234 BBA2802 402.34 405.38 Srm CS -1.16 0.60 16.27 0.48 402.34 408.43 10.00 0.05 0.46 0.12
328
DC-234 BBA2804 408.43 411.48 Srm CS 408.43 414.53 17.10 0.06 0.73 0.08
DC-234 BBA2806 414.53 417.58 Srm CS -0.47 0.60 13.40 0.48 414.53 420.62 154.00 0.12 11.80 0.29
DC-234 BBA2809 420.62 423.67 Srm CS 420.62 426.72 31.00 0.07 3.66 0.11
DC-234 BBA2811 426.72 429.77 Srm CS -2.21 0.60 16.22 0.48 426.72 432.82 16.00 0.04 1.08 0.18
DC-234 BBA2813 432.82 435.86 Srm CS -1.90 0.60 16.29 0.48 432.82 438.91 12.00 0.05 0.78 0.22
DC-234 BBA2815 438.91 441.96 Srm CS 438.91 445.01 12.00 0.04 0.76 0.19
DC-234 BBA2818 445.01 448.06 Srm CS 445.01 451.10 19.00 0.03 0.51 0.30
DC-234 BBA2820 451.10 454.15 Dwb SL -0.75 0.60 18.87 0.48 451.10 457.20 35.00 0.37 1.21 0.50
DC-234 BBA2822 457.20 460.25 Srm SL -2.40 0.60 14.97 0.48 457.20 463.30 22.00 0.08 0.67 0.23
DC-234 BBA2824 463.30 466.34 Srm CS -2.47 0.60 15.85 0.48 463.30 469.39 18.70 0.05 0.69 0.19
DC-234 BBA2826 469.39 472.44 Srm CS -2.32 0.60 14.33 0.48 469.39 475.49 22.40 0.06 0.72 0.16
DC-234 BBA2828 475.49 478.54 Srm CS 475.49 481.58 16.30 0.04 0.54 0.13
DC-234 BBA2830 481.58 484.63 Srm CS -2.54 0.60 15.73 0.48 481.58 487.68 24.00 0.10 0.58 0.27
DC-234 BBA2832 487.68 490.73 Srm CS -0.31 0.60 14.51 0.48 487.68 493.78 17.00 0.07 0.60 0.20
DC-234 BBA2835 493.78 496.82 Srm CS -2.40 0.60 15.71 0.48 493.78 499.87 15.60 0.04 0.74 0.22
DC-234 BBA2837 499.87 502.92 Srm CS 0.23 0.60 14.51 0.48 499.87 505.97 9.00 0.08 0.82 0.18
δ18O
‰
DC-234 BBA2839 505.97 509.02 Srm CS -2.11 0.60 16.38 0.48 505.97 512.06 10.50 0.10 0.43 0.12
DC-234 BBA2841 512.06 515.11 Srm CS -1.63 0.60 16.33 0.48 512.06 518.16 24.00 0.11 1.02 0.15
DC-234 BBA2844 518.16 521.21 Dwb CS -3.06 0.60 15.96 0.48 518.16 524.26 12.00 0.23 0.34 0.25
DC-234 BBA2846 524.26 527.30 Dwb CS 524.26 530.35 54.00 1.03 0.49 0.28
DC-234 BBA2848 530.35 533.40 Dwb SL -1.88 0.60 16.20 0.48 530.35 536.45 16.00 0.16 0.88 0.27
DC-234 BBA2850 536.45 539.50 Dwb SL 536.45 542.54 8.00 0.06 0.93 0.26
DC-234 BBA2852 542.54 545.59 Dwb SL -0.98 0.60 18.81 0.48 542.54 548.64 24.00 0.13 6.03 0.55
DC-234 BBA2854 548.64 551.69 Srm CS -2.13 0.60 17.12 0.48 548.64 554.74 291.00 0.40 9.43 1.20
DC-234 BBA2856 554.74 557.78 Srm SL 554.74 560.83 199.00 1.92 32.90 0.98
DC-234 BBA2858 560.83 563.88 Srm SL 560.83 566.93 102.00 0.86 16.75 0.27
DC-234 BBA2860 566.93 569.98 Srm SL 566.93 573.02 248.00 2.06 24.90 0.73
DC-234 BBA2862 573.02 576.07 Srm SL -1.98 0.60 14.28 0.48 573.02 579.12 89.00 0.80 8.65 0.54
DC-234 AAX9469 579.12 582.17 Srm SL
329
DC-234 AAX9471 585.22 586.13 Srm SL

DC-234 AAX9473 587.65 589.18 Srm SL
DC-234 AAX9475 590.09 593.14 Srm SL
DC-234 AAX9477 596.19 598.63 Srm SL
DC-234 AAX9480 600.15 601.68 Srm SL
DC-234 AAX9483 603.20 605.03 Srm SL
DC-234 AAX9485 606.86 608.38 Srm SL
DC-234 AAX9487 610.21 611.89 Srm SL
DC-234 AAX9489 613.26 615.39 Srm SL 613.26 615.39 39.00 1.74 23.60 0.24
DC-234 AAX9491 616.92 619.96 Int QP 616.92 619.96 53.50 0.30 16.80 0.06
DC-234 AAX9493 623.01 626.06 Int QP 623.01 626.06 33.40 0.28 3.05 0.21
DC-234 AAX9495 629.87 632.92 Srm SL 629.87 632.92 230.00 3.27 13.30 3.77
DC-234 AAX9497 636.12 639.17 Srm SL 636.12 639.17 55.00 4.07 17.05 1.20
DC-234 AAX9499 641.30 644.35 Int SL 641.30 644.35 456.00 1.79 22.80 1.66
DC-234 AAX9501 646.79 648.31 Int QP 646.79 648.31 80.60 0.80 24.20 1.44
DC-234 AAX9503 651.36 654.41 Int QP 651.36 654.41 32.50 0.35 4.67 0.14
δ18O
‰
DC-234 AAX9505 655.93 658.37 Int QP 655.93 658.37 261.00 0.34 88.60 0.53
DC-234 AAX9507 659.89 662.03 Unk UN 659.89 662.03 215.00 0.54 154.50 0.70
DC-234 AAX9509 663.55 666.60 Int QP 663.55 666.60 108.00 0.14 90.70 0.10
DC-234 AAX9511 669.65 672.69 Int QP 669.65 672.69 11.90 0.10 9.41 0.05
DC-234 AAX9513 675.74 678.79 Int QP 675.74 678.79 17.60 0.09 8.85 0.05
DC-234 AAX9515 681.84 684.28 Int QP 681.84 684.28 32.10 0.12 12.70 0.10
DC-234 AAX9518 685.80 687.32 Srm UN 685.80 687.32 339.00 1.38 208.00 0.41
DC-234 AAX9520 688.85 690.37 Srm UN 688.85 690.37 296.00 0.97 114.00 1.04
DC-234 AAX9522 691.90 693.12 Int QP 691.90 693.12 126.50 0.85 86.30 0.14
DC-234 AAX9525 694.64 696.16 Srm SL 694.64 696.16 250.00 0.99 124.50 0.71
DC-234 AAX9527 697.69 699.21 Srm SL 697.69 699.21 462.00 0.32 157.50 0.77
DC-234 AAX9529 701.34 702.87 Srm SL 701.34 702.87 212.00 0.29 167.50 0.25
DC-234 - 704.24 712.17 Srm SL
330
DC-234 - 713.84 715.37 Srm SL

DC-234 AAX9535 718.26 719.94 Srm NS
DC-234 AAX9537 721.16 723.29 Srm UN
DC-234 AAX9539 724.81 726.03 Srm NS
DC-234 AAX9541 729.08 730.00 Srm UN
DC-234 AAX9543 730.91 732.74 Srm UN
DC-234 AAX9545 735.79 738.84 Srm UN -3.57 0.60 10.03 0.48
UGPZ-025 CDA6000 66.14 67.67 Srm QP

UGPZ-025 CDA6001 67.67 69.19 Srm QP
UGPZ-025 CDA6002 69.19 70.10 Srm QP
UGPZ-025 CDA6003 70.10 71.93 Srm SL -2.24 0.25 12.86 0.69
UGPZ-025 CDA6004 71.93 73.76 Srm SL
UGPZ-025 CDA6005 73.76 75.29 Srm SL -3.13 0.25 13.30 0.69
UGPZ-025 CDA6006 75.29 76.81 Srm SL
UGPZ-025 CDA6007 76.81 78.33 Srm SL -2.96 0.25 11.97 0.69
δ18O
‰
UGPZ-025 CDA6008 78.33 79.86 Srm SL
UGPZ-025 CDA6009 79.86 80.47 Srm SL
UGPZ-025 CDA6010 80.47 81.08 Int SL
UGPZ-025 CDA6012 81.08 82.91 Srm FP
UGPZ-025 CDA6013 82.91 84.43 Srm SL
UGPZ-025 CDA6014 84.43 85.95 Srm SL
UGPZ-025 CDA6015 85.95 86.87 Srm SL -0.86 0.25 7.38 0.69
UGPZ-025 CDA6016 86.87 87.48 Unk SL
UGPZ-025 CDA6017 87.48 89.00 Unk SL
UGPZ-025 CDA6019 89.00 89.76 Unk SL
UGPZ-025 CDA6020 89.76 90.53 Int SL
UGPZ-025 CDA6021 90.53 92.05 Int FP
UGPZ-025 CDA6022 92.05 93.57 Int FP
331
UGPZ-025 CDA6023 93.57 95.10 Int FP

UGPZ-025 CDA6024 95.10 96.62 Int FP
UGPZ-025 CDA6025 96.62 97.54 Int FP
UGPZ-025 CDA6026 97.54 98.15 Srm FP
UGPZ-025 CDA6028 98.15 99.67 Srm FP -0.27 0.25 5.95 0.69
UGPZ-025 CDA6029 99.67 101.19 Srm SL
UGPZ-025 CDA6030 101.19 102.72 Srm SL -1.23 0.25 9.90 0.69
UGPZ-025 CDA6031 102.72 104.24 Srm SL
UGPZ-025 CDA6032 104.24 105.77 Srm SL -2.27 0.25 11.21 0.69
UGPZ-025 CDA6033 105.77 107.29 Ohc DO
UGPZ-025 CDA6034 107.29 108.81 Ohc DO -2.03 0.25 12.15 0.69
UGPZ-025 CDA6035 108.81 110.49 Ohc DO
UGPZ-025 CDA6036 110.49 111.86 Int DO
UGPZ-025 CDA6037 111.86 113.39 Int FP
UGPZ-025 CDA6038 113.39 114.91 Int FP
UGPZ-025 CDA6039 114.91 116.43 Int FP
δ18O
‰
UGPZ-025 CDA6040 116.43 117.96 Int FP
UGPZ-025 CDA6041 117.96 119.48 Int FP
UGPZ-025 CDA6042 119.48 120.85 Int FP
UGPZ-025 CDA6043 120.85 122.53 Ohc DO
UGPZ-025 CDA6045 122.53 124.05 Ohc DO 1.27 0.25 19.64 0.69
UGPZ-025 CDA6046 124.05 125.58 Ohc DO
UGPZ-025 CDA6047 125.58 127.10 Ohc DO -0.22 0.25 15.10 0.69
UGPZ-025 CDA6048 127.10 128.63 Ohc DO
UGPZ-025 CDA6049 128.63 130.15 Ohc DO -0.61 0.25 12.70 0.69
UGPZ-025 CDA6050 130.15 131.67 Ohc DO
UGPZ-025 CDA6051 131.67 133.20 Ohc DO -0.33 0.39 13.37 0.14
UGPZ-025 CDA6052 133.20 134.72 Ohc DO
UGPZ-025 CDA6053 134.72 136.25 Ohc DO -0.89 0.39 11.81 0.14
332
UGPZ-025 CDA6054 136.25 137.77 Ohc DO

UGPZ-025 CDA6055 137.77 139.29 Ohc DO -0.64 0.39 12.08 0.14
UGPZ-025 CDA6057 139.29 140.67 Ohc DO
UGPZ-025 - 140.67 140.82 Ohc DO
UGPZ-025 CDA6058 140.82 141.12 Ohc DO
UGPZ-025 - 141.12 142.34 Ohc DO
UGPZ-025 CDA6059 142.34 143.87 Ohc DO
UGPZ-025 CDA6060 143.87 145.39 Ohc DO
UGPZ-025 CDA6061 145.39 146.61 Ohc DO
UGPZ-025 CDA6062 146.61 148.44 Ohc MB -0.38 0.25 10.53 0.69
UGPZ-025 CDA6063 148.44 149.96 Ohc MB
UGPZ-025 CDA6064 149.96 151.49 Ohc MB
UGPZ-025 CDA6066 151.49 153.01 Ohc MB
UGPZ-025 CDA6067 153.01 154.53 Ohc MB 0.78 0.25 6.10 0.69
UGPZ-025 CDA6068 154.53 156.36 Ohc MB
UGPZ-025 CDA6069 156.36 157.58 Int MB
Table D3. continued. Pulped rock geology, geochemistry and carbon-oxygen isotope data.
δ18O
‰
UGPZ-025 CDA6070 157.58 159.11 Int FP
UGPZ-025 CDA6071 159.11 160.63 Int FP
UGPZ-025 CDA6072 160.63 162.15 Int FP
UGPZ-025 CDA6073 162.15 163.68 Int FP
UGPZ-025 CDA6074 163.68 165.20 Int FP
UGPZ-025 CDA6075 165.20 166.73 Int FP
UGPZ-025 CDA6076 166.73 168.25 Int FP
UGPZ-025 CDA6077 168.25 169.47 Int FP
UGPZ-025 CDA6078 169.47 171.30 Ohc MB
UGPZ-025 CDA6080 171.30 172.82 Ohc MB
UGPZ-025 CDA6081 172.82 174.35 Ohc MB
UGPZ-025 CDA6083 174.35 175.87 Ohc MB -2.46 0.25 9.13 0.69
UGPZ-025 CDA6084 175.87 177.39 Ohc MB
333
UGPZ-025 CDA6085 177.39 178.92 Ohc MB -2.83 0.25 10.85 0.69

UGPZ-025 CDA6086 178.92 180.44 Ohc MB
UGPZ-025 CDA6087 180.44 181.97 Ohc MB -2.01 0.25 9.36 0.69
UGPZ-025 CDA6088 181.97 183.49 Int QP
UGPZ-025 CDA6089 183.49 184.71 Int QP
UGPZ-025 CDA6090 184.71 186.54 Ohc LM -1.78 0.25 11.84 0.69
UGPZ-025 CDA6092 186.54 188.06 Ohc LM -1.31 0.25 10.46 0.69
UGPZ-025 CDA6093 188.06 189.59 Ohc LM
UGPZ-025 CDA6094 189.59 191.11 Ohc LM -1.25 0.25 9.21 0.69
UGPZ-025 CDA6095 191.11 192.63 Ohc LM
UGPZ-025 CDA6096 192.63 194.16 Ohc LM -1.48 0.25 7.35 0.69
Table D3. continued. Perrin (2012) geology, geochemistry and δ18O-δ13C compositions.
Drill Hole From δ13C δ18O From As Hg Sb Tl
Sample ID To (m) Fm. Lith. SD (1σ) SD (1σ) To (m)
ID (m) (V-PDB) (V-SMOW) (m) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
98202 FF5807 0.00 3.05 Tqa AL 0.00 6.10 32.4 1.54 5.15 0.15
98202 FF5808 3.05 6.10 Tqa AL 3.05 6.10 32.4 1.54 5.15 0.15
98202 FF5809 6.10 9.14 Tqa AL 6.10 12.19 37.3 1.63 10.11 0.18
98202 FF5810 9.14 12.19 Tqa AL 9.14 12.19 37.3 1.63 10.11 0.18
98202 FF5811 12.19 15.24 Tqa AL 12.19 18.29 20.4 1 3.25 0.11
98202 FF5812 15.24 18.29 Dwb AL 15.24 18.29 20.4 1 3.25 0.11
98202 FF5813 18.29 21.34 Dwb LS -1.20 18.39 18.29 24.38 20.1 0.81 4.09 0.21
98202 FF5814 21.34 24.38 Dwb LS -0.68 18.97 21.34 24.38 20.1 0.81 4.09 0.21
98202 FF5815 24.38 27.43 Dwb LS 24.38 30.48 12.9 0.59 2.67 0.13
98202 FF5816 27.43 30.48 Dwb LS 27.43 30.48 12.9 0.59 2.67 0.13
98202 FF5817 30.48 33.53 Dwb LS 30.48 36.58 11.2 0.59 1.62 0.08
98202 FF5818 33.53 36.58 Dwb LS 33.53 36.58 11.2 0.59 1.62 0.08
334
98202 FF5819 36.58 39.62 Dwb LS 36.58 42.67 10.7 0.57 1.29 0.07
98202 FF5820 39.62 42.67 Dwb LS 39.62 42.67 10.7 0.57 1.29 0.07
98202 FF5821 42.67 45.72 Dwb LS 42.67 48.77 17.9 0.74 1.77 0.14
98202 FF5822 45.72 48.77 Dwb LS -1.97 18.28 45.72 48.77 17.9 0.74 1.77 0.14
98202 FF5823 48.77 51.82 Dwb LS 48.77 54.86 12.8 0.54 1.11 0.07
98202 FF5824 51.82 54.86 Dwb LS 51.82 54.86 12.8 0.54 1.11 0.07
98202 FF5825 54.86 57.91 Dwb LS 54.86 60.96 15.7 0.7 1.51 0.19
98202 FF5826 57.91 60.96 Dwb LS 57.91 60.96 15.7 0.7 1.51 0.19
98202 FF5827 60.96 64.01 Dwb LS 60.96 70.10 19.7 0.69 1.97 0.18
98202 FF5828 64.01 67.06 Dwb LS 64.01 70.10 19.7 0.69 1.97 0.18
98202 FF5829 67.06 70.10 Dwb LS 67.06 70.10 19.7 0.69 1.97 0.18
98202 FF5830 70.10 73.15 Srm SL 70.10 76.20 14.3 0.54 1.54 0.21
98202 FF5831 73.15 76.20 Srm SL 73.15 76.20 14.3 0.54 1.54 0.21
98202 FF5832 76.20 79.25 Srm SL 76.20 82.30 23.8 0.91 2.43 0.3
98202 FF5833 79.25 82.30 Srm SL 79.25 82.30 23.8 0.91 2.43 0.3
98202 FF5834 82.30 85.34 Srm SL -3.57 15.63 82.30 88.39 24.8 0.97 2.59 0.25
98202 FF5835 85.34 88.39 Srm SL 85.34 88.39 24.8 0.97 2.59 0.25
98202 FF5836 88.39 91.44 Srm SL 88.39 94.49 31.2 1.49 2.54 0.38
98202 FF5837 91.44 94.49 Srm SL 91.44 94.49 31.2 1.49 2.54 0.38
98202 FF5838 94.49 97.54 Srm SL -1.09 20.38 94.49 100.58 42.1 2.82 3.79 0.33
98202 FF5839 97.54 100.58 Srm SL 97.54 100.58 42.1 2.82 3.79 0.33
98202 FF5840 100.58 103.63 Srm SL 100.58 106.68 37.6 4.64 2.93 0.41
98202 FF5841 103.63 106.68 Srm SL 103.63 106.68 37.6 4.64 2.93 0.41
98202 FF5842 106.68 109.73 Srm SL 106.68 112.78 35.2 2 2.79 0.37
98202 FF5843 109.73 112.78 Srm SL 109.73 112.78 35.2 2 2.79 0.37
98202 FF5844 112.78 115.82 Srm SL 112.78 118.87 34 1.91 2.88 0.38
335
98202 FF5845 115.82 118.87 Srm SL 115.82 118.87 34 1.91 2.88 0.38
98202 FF5846 118.87 121.92 Srm SL 118.87 124.97 38.3 2.24 4.6 0.4
98202 FF5847 121.92 124.97 Srm SL 121.92 124.97 38.3 2.24 4.6 0.4
98202 FF5848 124.97 128.02 Srm SL 124.97 131.06 42 1.48 4.19 0.35
98202 FF5849 128.02 131.06 Srm SL 128.02 131.06 42 1.48 4.19 0.35
98202 FF5850 131.06 134.11 Srm SL 131.06 137.16 40.1 3.47 3.89 0.48
98202 FF5851 134.11 137.16 Srm SL 134.11 137.16 40.1 3.47 3.89 0.48
98202 FF5854 137.16 140.21 Srm SL 137.16 143.26 41.5 2.38 5.46 0.45
98202 FF5855 140.21 143.26 Srm SL 140.21 143.26 41.5 2.38 5.46 0.45
98202 FF5856 143.26 146.30 Srm SL 143.26 149.35 55.9 2.9 6.83 0.69
98202 FF5857 146.30 149.35 Srm SL 146.30 149.35 55.9 2.9 6.83 0.69
98202 FF5858 149.35 152.40 Srm SL 149.35 155.45 48.4 4.46 3.77 0.41
98202 FF5859 152.40 155.45 Srm SL 152.40 155.45 48.4 4.46 3.77 0.41
98202 FF5860 155.45 158.50 Srm SL 155.45 161.54 15 0.9 1.44 0.3
98202 FF5861 158.50 161.54 Srm SL 158.50 161.54 15 0.9 1.44 0.3
98202 FF5862 161.54 164.59 Srm SL 161.54 170.69 39 3.95 3.17 0.34
98202 FF5863 164.59 167.64 Srm SL 164.59 170.69 39 3.95 3.17 0.34
98202 FF5864 167.64 170.69 Srm SL 167.64 170.69 39 3.95 3.17 0.34
98202 FF5865 170.69 173.74 Int QP 170.69 176.78 6.9 1.06 0.55 0.14
98202 FF5866 173.74 176.78 Int QP 173.74 176.78 6.9 1.06 0.55 0.14
98202 FF5867 176.78 179.83 Srm LS 176.78 182.88 19.2 1.29 0.9 0.08
98202 FF5868 179.83 182.88 Srm LS 179.83 182.88 19.2 1.29 0.9 0.08
98202 FF5869 182.88 185.93 Srm LS 182.88 188.98 16 1.3 0.56 0.07
98202 FF5870 185.93 188.98 Srm LS -0.15 21.65 185.93 188.98 16 1.3 0.56 0.07
98202 FF5871 188.98 192.02 Srm LS 188.98 195.07 14.3 0.95 0.57 0.05
98202 FF5872 192.02 195.07 Srm LS 192.02 195.07 14.3 0.95 0.57 0.05
336
98202 FF5873 195.07 198.12 Srm LS 195.07 201.17 17.3 1.02 0.75 0.1
98202 FF5874 198.12 201.17 Srm LS -0.03 22.46 198.12 201.17 17.3 1.02 0.75 0.1
98202 FF5875 201.17 204.22 Srm LS 201.17 207.26 15.2 3.33 0.69 0.05
98202 FF5876 204.22 207.26 Srm LS 204.22 207.26 15.2 3.33 0.69 0.05
98202 FF5877 207.26 210.31 Srm LS 207.26 213.36 24.3 3.14 0.71 0.09
98202 FF5878 210.31 213.36 Srm LS 0.36 21.25 210.31 213.36 24.3 3.14 0.71 0.09
98202 FF5879 213.36 216.41 Srm LS 213.36 219.46 15.4 0.57 0.49 0.11
98202 FF5880 216.41 219.46 Srm LS 216.41 219.46 15.4 0.57 0.49 0.11
98202 FF5881 219.46 222.50 Srm LS 219.46 225.55 41.3 0.56 0.53 0.07
98202 FF5882 222.50 225.55 Srm LS 222.50 225.55 41.3 0.56 0.53 0.07
98202 FF5883 225.55 228.60 Srm LS 225.55 234.70 59.6 2.14 1.06 0.11
98202 FF5884 228.60 231.65 Srm LS 228.60 234.70 59.6 2.14 1.06 0.11
98202 FF5885 231.65 234.70 Srm LS 231.65 234.70 59.6 2.14 1.06 0.11
98202 FF5886 234.70 237.74 Srm BX -0.58 15.30 234.70 237.74 635 10.21 28.31 0.58
98202 FF5887 237.74 240.79 Srm SL 237.74 237.74 635 10.21 28.31 0.58
98202 FF5888 240.79 243.84 Srm SL 240.79 243.84 40.3 1.38 0.93 0.12
98202 FF5889 243.84 246.89 Srm SL 243.84 243.84 40.3 1.38 0.93 0.12
98202 FF5890 246.89 249.94 Srm SL -0.79 20.42 246.89 249.94 98.1 8.15 1.46 0.12
98202 FF5891 249.94 252.98 Srm SL 249.94 249.94 98.1 8.15 1.46 0.12
98202 FF5892 252.98 256.03 Srm SL 252.98 256.03 38.2 2.86 1.93 0.08
98202 FF5895 256.03 259.08 Srm SL 256.03 256.03 38.2 2.86 1.93 0.08
98202 FF5896 259.08 262.13 Srm SL 259.08 262.13 85.7 3.5 2.58 0.1
98202 FF5897 262.13 265.18 Srm SL 262.13 262.13 85.7 3.5 2.58 0.1
98202 FF5898 265.18 268.22 Srm SL 0.21 21.75 265.18 268.22 36.8 2.38 0.5 0.04
98202 FF5899 268.22 271.27 Srm SL 268.22 268.22 36.8 2.38 0.5 0.04
98202 FF5900 271.27 274.32 Srm SL 271.27 274.32 26.6 1.46 0.47 0.11
337
98202 FF5901 274.32 277.37 Srm SL 274.32 274.32 26.6 1.46 0.47 0.11
98202 FF5902 277.37 280.42 Srm SL -0.06 20.21 277.37 280.42 56.7 14.73 1.04 0.21
98202 FF5903 280.42 283.46 Srm SL 280.42 280.42 56.7 14.73 1.04 0.21
98202 FF5904 283.46 286.51 Srm SL 283.46 286.51 39.1 10.41 0.78 0.22
98202 FF5905 286.51 289.56 Srm SL 286.51 286.51 39.1 10.41 0.78 0.22
98202 FF5906 289.56 292.61 Srm SL -0.93 20.68 289.56 295.66 20.2 1.13 0.41 0.23
98202 FF5907 292.61 295.66 Srm SL 292.61 295.66 20.2 1.13 0.41 0.23
98202 FF5908 295.66 298.70 Srm MB 295.66 295.66 20.2 1.13 0.41 0.23
98202 FF5909 298.70 301.75 Srm SL 298.70 298.70 51.3 0.99 0.56 0.31
98202 FF5910 301.75 304.80 Srm SL -1.23 17.48 301.75 304.80 33.4 1.07 0.77 0.3
98202 FF5911 304.80 307.85 Srm SL 304.80 304.80 33.4 1.07 0.77 0.3
98202 FF5912 307.85 310.90 Srm SL 307.85 310.90 23.8 1 0.67 0.25
98202 FF5913 310.90 313.94 Srm SL 310.90 310.90 23.8 1 0.67 0.25
98202 FF5914 313.94 316.99 Srm SL -2.06 15.25 313.94 316.99 19.9 1.15 0.44 0.29
98202 FF5915 316.99 320.04 Srm SL 316.99 316.99 19.9 1.15 0.44 0.29
98202 FF5916 320.04 323.09 Srm SL 320.04 326.14 42.6 9.26 0.41 0.46
98202 FF5917 323.09 326.14 Srm SL 323.09 326.14 42.6 9.26 0.41 0.46
98202 FF5918 326.14 329.18 Srm MB -1.10 16.06 326.14 326.14 42.6 9.26 0.41 0.46
98202 FF5919 329.18 332.23 Srm MB 329.18 332.23 56.8 3.94 0.41 0.33
98202 FF5920 332.23 335.28 Srm MB 332.23 332.23 56.8 3.94 0.41 0.33
98202 FF5921 335.28 338.33 Srm MB 335.28 338.33 86.6 9.42 1.08 0.27
98202 FF5922 338.33 341.38 Srm MB -0.07 16.11 338.33 338.33 86.6 9.42 1.08 0.27
98202 FF5923 341.38 344.42 Srm MB 341.38 344.42 168.4 14.96 4.95 0.14
98202 FF5924 344.42 347.47 Srm MB 344.42 344.42 168.4 14.96 4.95 0.14
98202 FF5925 347.47 350.52 Srm MB 347.47 350.52 58.7 5.22 2.2 0.13
98202 FF5926 350.52 353.57 Srm MB -0.39 18.22 350.52 350.52 58.7 5.22 2.2 0.13
338
98202 FF5927 353.57 356.62 Srm MB 353.57 359.66 34.2 2.06 2.05 0.31
98202 FF5928 356.62 359.66 Srm MB 356.62 359.66 34.2 2.06 2.05 0.31
98202 FF5929 359.66 362.71 Srm SL 359.66 359.66 34.2 2.06 2.05 0.31
98202 FF5930 362.71 365.76 Srm SL 0.22 18.60 362.71 365.76 44.6 1.48 1.22 0.16
98202 FF5931 365.76 368.81 Dwb SL 365.76 365.76 44.6 1.48 1.22 0.16
98202 FF5932 368.81 371.86 Dwb SL 368.81 371.86 52.4 2.49 1.1 0.07
98202 FF5933 371.86 374.90 Dwb SL 371.86 371.86 52.4 2.49 1.1 0.07
98202 FF5934 374.90 377.95 Dwb SL -1.02 15.44 374.90 377.95 54.8 3.4 1.17 0.14
98202 FF5937 377.95 381.00 Dwb SL 377.95 377.95 54.8 3.4 1.17 0.14
98202 FF5938 381.00 384.05 Dwb SL -0.59 15.16 381.00 384.05 83.4 3.86 1.69 0.07
98202 FF5939 384.05 387.10 Dwb SL 384.05 384.05 83.4 3.86 1.69 0.07
98202 FF5940 387.10 390.14 Dwb SL 387.10 390.14 115.1 4.35 4.27 0.07
98202 FF5941 390.14 393.19 Dwb SL 390.14 390.14 115.1 4.35 4.27 0.07
98202 FF5942 393.19 396.24 Dwb SL 0.02 15.04 393.19 396.24 92.2 4.89 2.3 0.09
98202 FF5943 396.24 399.29 Dwb SL 396.24 396.24 92.2 4.89 2.3 0.09
98202 FF5944 399.29 402.34 Dwb SL 399.29 402.34 94.4 4.73 2.2 0.23
98202 FF5945 402.34 405.38 Dwb SL 402.34 402.34 94.4 4.73 2.2 0.23
98202 FF5946 405.38 408.43 Dwb SL -0.89 16.03 405.38 408.43 92.3 4.37 2.02 0.1
98202 FF5947 408.43 411.48 Dwb SL 408.43 408.43 92.3 4.37 2.02 0.1
98202 FF5948 411.48 414.53 Dwb SL 411.48 414.53 78.3 3.8 2.22 0.14
98202 FF5949 414.53 417.58 Dwb SL 414.53 414.53 78.3 3.8 2.22 0.14
98202 FF5950 417.58 420.62 Dwb SL -1.05 14.92 417.58 420.62 112.8 7.26 2.78 0.2
98202 FF5951 420.62 423.67 Dwb SL 420.62 420.62 112.8 7.26 2.78 0.2
98202 FF5952 423.67 426.72 Dwb SL 423.67 426.72 66.6 4 1.71 0.05
98202 FF5953 426.72 429.77 Dwb SL 426.72 426.72 66.6 4 1.71 0.05
98202 FF5954 429.77 432.82 Dwb SL -0.72 18.09 429.77 432.82 88.6 5.26 2.86 0.07
339
98202 FF5955 432.82 435.86 Dwb SL 432.82 432.82 88.6 5.26 2.86 0.07
98202 FF5956 435.86 438.91 Dwb SL 435.86 438.91 91.7 4.56 3.42 0.15
98202 FF5957 438.91 441.96 Dwb SL 438.91 438.91 91.7 4.56 3.42 0.15
98202 FF5958 441.96 445.01 Dwb SL -0.31 17.55 441.96 445.01 94.6 22.33 5.51 0.09
98202 FF5959 445.01 448.06 Dwb SL 445.01 445.01 94.6 22.33 5.51 0.09
98202 FF5960 448.06 451.10 Dwb SL 448.06 451.10 698.4 174.03 98.16 0.16
98202 FF5961 451.10 454.15 Dwb SL 451.10 451.10 698.4 174.03 98.16 0.16
98202 FF5962 454.15 457.20 Dwb SL 454.15 457.20 140.1 566.34 12.86 0.21
98202 FF5963 457.20 460.25 Dwb SL 457.20 457.20 140.1 566.34 12.86 0.21
98202 FF5964 460.25 463.30 Dwb SL 460.25 463.30 95.4 48.16 10.92 0.06
98202 FF5965 463.30 466.34 Dwb SL 463.30 463.30 95.4 48.16 10.92 0.06
98202 FF5966 466.34 469.39 Dwb SL 466.34 469.39 58.2 19.73 5.79 0.23
98202 FF5967 469.39 472.44 Dwb SL 469.39 469.39 58.2 19.73 5.79 0.23
98202 FF5968 472.44 475.49 Dwb SL 472.44 475.49 67.3 12.73 3.65 0.29
98202 FF5969 475.49 478.54 Dwb SL 475.49 475.49 67.3 12.73 3.65 0.29
98202 FF5970 478.54 481.58 Dwb SL 478.54 481.58 29.2 7.75 1.64 0.28
98202 FF5971 481.58 484.63 Dwb MB 481.58 481.58 29.2 7.75 1.64 0.28
98202 FF5972 484.63 487.68 Dwb MB 484.63 487.68 50.2 12.18 3.91 0.44
98202 FF5973 487.68 490.73 Dwb MB 487.68 487.68 50.2 12.18 3.91 0.44
98202 FF5974 490.73 493.78 Dwb MB 490.73 493.78 39.3 8.65 2.66 0.26
98202 FF5975 493.78 496.82 Dwb MB 493.78 493.78 39.3 8.65 2.66 0.26
98202 FF5976 496.82 499.87 Dwb MB 496.82 499.87 42.2 4.17 2 0.36
98202 FF5977 499.87 502.92 Dwb MB 499.87 499.87 42.2 4.17 2 0.36
98202 FF5978 502.92 505.97 Dwb MB 502.92 505.97 26.9 7.45 2.67 0.32
98202 FF5979 505.97 509.02 Dwb MB 505.97 505.97 26.9 7.45 2.67 0.32
98202 FF5980 509.02 512.06 Dwb MB 509.02 512.06 58.8 10.76 4.5 0.12
340
98202 FF5981 512.06 515.11 Dwb MB 512.06 512.06 58.8 10.76 4.5 0.12
98202 FF5982 515.11 518.16 Dwb MB 515.11 518.16 71.8 9.99 4.26 0.15
98202 FF5985 518.16 521.21 Srm MB 518.16 518.16 71.8 9.99 4.26 0.15
98202 FF5986 521.21 524.26 Srm MB 521.21 524.26 39 5.17 1.88 0.09
98202 FF5987 524.26 527.30 Srm MB 524.26 524.26 39 5.17 1.88 0.09
98202 FF5988 527.30 530.35 Srm MB 527.30 530.35 94.6 9.89 14.88 0.18
98202 FF5989 530.35 533.40 Srm MB 530.35 530.35 94.6 9.89 14.88 0.18
98202 FF5990 533.40 536.45 Srm MB 533.40 536.45 52.6 8.92 3.38 0.14
98202 FF5991 536.45 539.50 Srm MB 536.45 536.45 52.6 8.92 3.38 0.14
98202 FF5992 539.50 542.54 Srm MB 539.50 542.54 41.1 11.86 2.62 0.32
98202 FF5993 542.54 545.59 Srm MB 542.54 542.54 41.1 11.86 2.62 0.32
98202 FF5994 545.59 548.64 Srm MB 545.59 548.64 82.9 15.14 4.75 0.27
98202 FF5995 548.64 551.69 Srm MB 548.64 548.64 82.9 15.14 4.75 0.27
98202 FF5996 551.69 554.74 Srm MB 551.69 554.74 76.8 15.69 4.57 0.26
98202 FF5997 554.74 557.78 Srm MB 554.74 554.74 76.8 15.69 4.57 0.26
98202 FF5998 557.78 560.83 Srm MB 557.78 560.83 35 3.89 5 0.32
98202 FF5999 560.83 563.88 Srm MB 560.83 560.83 35 3.89 5 0.32
98202 FF6000 563.88 566.93 Srm MB 563.88 566.93 23.6 1.66 1.22 0.35
98202 FF6001 566.93 569.98 Srm MB 566.93 566.93 23.6 1.66 1.22 0.35
98202 FF6002 569.98 573.02 Srm MB 569.98 573.02 295 12.33 14.08 0.58
98202 FF6003 573.02 576.07 Srm MB 573.02 573.02 295 12.33 14.08 0.58
98202 FF6004 576.07 579.12 Srm MB 576.07 579.12 244.9 23.06 24.23 1.17
98202 FF6005 579.12 582.17 Srm MB 579.12 579.12 244.9 23.06 24.23 1.17
98202 FF6006 582.17 585.22 Srm MB 582.17 585.22 369.9 81.57 46.55 1.64
98202 FF6007 585.22 588.26 Srm MB 585.22 585.22 369.9 81.57 46.55 1.64
98202 FF6008 588.26 591.31 Srm MB 588.26 591.31 18 0.63 0.92 0.28
341
98202 FF6009 591.31 594.36 Srm MB 591.31 591.31 18 0.63 0.92 0.28
98202 FF6010 594.36 597.41 Srm MB 594.36 597.41 59.4 4.44 1.97 0.43
98202 FF6011 597.41 600.46 Srm MB 597.41 597.41 59.4 4.44 1.97 0.43
98202 FF6012 600.46 603.50 Srm MB 600.46 603.50 74.1 3.49 4.35 0.44
98202 FF6013 603.50 606.55 Srm MB 603.50 603.50 74.1 3.49 4.35 0.44
CH05-015 AAM8014 0.00 3.05 Tqa AL
CH05-015 AAM8015 3.05 6.10 Tqa AL 3.05 6.10 23.1 0.04 5.32 0.27
CH05-015 AAM8016 6.10 9.14 Tqa AL 6.10 9.14 23.1 0.04 5.32 0.27
CH05-015 AAM8017 9.14 12.19 Tqa AL 9.14 12.19 32.2 0.09 5.06 0.38
CH05-015 AAM8018 12.19 15.24 Tqa CG 12.19 15.24 32.2 0.09 5.06 0.38
CH05-015 AAM8019 15.24 18.29 Tqa CG 15.24 18.29 32 0.14 3.68 0.37
CH05-015 AAM8020 18.29 21.34 Tqa CG 18.29 21.34 32 0.14 3.68 0.37
CH05-015 AAM8021 21.34 24.38 Tqa CG 21.34 24.38 68.4 0.09 4.55 0.16
CH05-015 AAM8022 24.38 27.43 Tqa CG 24.38 27.43 68.4 0.09 4.55 0.16
CH05-015 AAM8023 27.43 30.48 Tqa CG 27.43 30.48 45 0.07 3.74 0.23
CH05-015 AAM8024 30.48 33.53 Dwb SM -1.39 20.60 30.48 33.53 45 0.07 3.74 0.23
CH05-015 AAM8025 33.53 36.58 Dwb SM 33.53 36.58 36 0.04 2.85 0.12
342
CH05-015 AAM8026 36.58 39.62 Dwb SM 36.58 39.62 36 0.04 2.85 0.12
CH05-015 AAM8027 39.62 42.67 Dwb SM 39.62 42.67 81.8 0.07 2.63 0.39
CH05-015 AAM8028 42.67 45.72 Dwb SM -5.50 17.21 42.67 45.72 81.8 0.07 2.63 0.39
CH05-015 AAM8029 45.72 48.77 Dwb SM 45.72 48.77 33 0.06 1.33 0.4
CH05-015 AAM8030 48.77 51.82 Dwb SM 48.77 51.82 33 0.06 1.33 0.4
CH05-015 AAM8031 51.82 54.86 Dwb SM 51.82 54.86 16 0.03 0.61 0.1
CH05-015 AAM8032 54.86 57.91 Dwb SM -0.15 22.00 54.86 57.91 16 0.03 0.61 0.1
CH05-015 AAM8033 57.91 60.96 Dwb SM 57.91 60.96 17 0.2 0.53 0.1
CH05-015 AAM8034 60.96 64.01 Dwb SM 60.96 64.01 17 0.2 0.53 0.1
CH05-015 AAM8035 64.01 67.06 Dwb SM 64.01 67.06 109 1.9 21.2 0.3
CH05-015 AAM8036 67.06 70.10 Int QP 67.06 70.10 109 1.9 21.2 0.3
CH05-015 AAM8037 70.10 73.15 Int QP 70.10 73.15 27.4 0.2 7.82 0.16
CH05-015 AAM8038 73.15 76.20 Int QP 73.15 76.20 27.4 0.2 7.82 0.16
CH05-015 AAM8041 76.20 79.25 Int QP 76.20 79.25 33 0.07 1.6 0.17
CH05-015 AAM8042 79.25 82.30 Int QP 79.25 82.30 33 0.07 1.6 0.17
CH05-015 AAM8043 82.30 85.34 Dwb SM -0.24 18.58 82.30 85.34 49 0.04 2.12 0.11
CH05-015 AAM8044 85.34 88.39 Dwb SM 85.34 88.39 49 0.04 2.12 0.11
CH05-015 AAM8045 88.39 91.44 Dwb SM 88.39 91.44 57 0.05 2.44 0.09
CH05-015 AAM8046 91.44 94.49 Dwb SM -0.58 18.99 91.44 94.49 57 0.05 2.44 0.09
CH05-015 AAM8047 94.49 97.54 Dwb SM 94.49 97.54 89 0.07 7.62 0.11
CH05-015 AAM8048 97.54 100.58 Dwb SM 97.54 100.58 89 0.07 7.62 0.11
CH05-015 AAM8049 100.58 103.63 Dwb SM 100.58 103.63 67 0.06 2.63 0.09
CH05-015 AAM8050 103.63 106.68 Dwb SM 103.63 106.68 67 0.06 2.63 0.09
CH05-015 AAM8051 106.68 109.73 Int QP 106.68 109.73 43 0.04 1.25 0.1
CH05-015 AAM8052 109.73 112.78 Dwb SM 109.73 112.78 43 0.04 1.25 0.1
CH05-015 AAM8053 112.78 115.82 Dwb SM 112.78 115.82 28 0.13 0.82 0.13
343
CH05-015 AAM8054 115.82 118.87 Dwb SM -0.32 17.79 115.82 118.87 28 0.13 0.82 0.13
CH05-015 AAM8055 118.87 121.92 Dwb SM 118.87 121.92 50 0.12 0.8 0.1
CH05-015 AAM8056 121.92 124.97 Dwb SM 121.92 124.97 50 0.12 0.8 0.1
CH05-015 AAM8057 124.97 128.02 Dwb SM 124.97 128.02 49 0.05 0.76 0.08
CH05-015 AAM8058 128.02 131.06 Dwb SM -1.27 19.11 128.02 131.06 49 0.05 0.76 0.08
CH05-015 AAM8059 131.06 134.11 Dwb SM 131.06 134.11 25 0.03 0.38 0.1
CH05-015 AAM8060 134.11 137.16 Dwb SM 134.11 137.16 25 0.03 0.38 0.1
CH05-015 AAM8061 137.16 140.21 Dwb SM 137.16 140.21 26 0.02 0.35 0.06
CH05-015 AAM8062 140.21 143.26 Dwb SM -1.71 21.58 140.21 143.26 26 0.02 0.35 0.06
CH05-015 AAM8063 143.26 146.30 Dwb SM 143.26 146.30 21 0.03 0.41 0.08
CH05-015 AAM8064 146.30 149.35 Dwb SM 146.30 149.35 21 0.03 0.41 0.08
CH05-015 AAM8065 149.35 152.40 Dwb SM 149.35 152.40 17 0.03 0.34 0.08
CH05-015 AAM8068 152.40 155.45 Dwb SM 152.40 155.45 17 0.03 0.34 0.08
CH05-015 AAM8069 155.45 158.50 Dwb SM 155.45 158.50 23 0.05 0.4 0.09
CH05-015 AAM8070 158.50 161.54 Dwb SM -2.19 22.33 158.50 161.54 23 0.05 0.4 0.09
CH05-015 AAM8071 161.54 164.59 Dwb SM 161.54 164.59 27 0.04 0.36 0.09
CH05-015 AAM8072 164.59 167.64 Dwb SM 164.59 167.64 27 0.04 0.36 0.09
CH05-015 AAM8073 167.64 170.69 Dwb SM 167.64 170.69 44 0.06 0.43 0.1
CH05-015 AAM8074 170.69 173.74 Dwb SM -1.95 21.24 170.69 173.74 44 0.06 0.43 0.1
CH05-015 AAM8075 173.74 176.78 Dwb SM 173.74 176.78 97 0.12 1.21 0.11
CH05-015 AAM8076 176.78 179.83 Dwb SM 176.78 179.83 97 0.12 1.21 0.11
CH05-015 AAM8077 179.83 182.88 Dwb SM 179.83 182.88 76 0.11 1.1 0.09
CH05-015 AAM8078 182.88 185.93 Dwb SM -1.75 20.01 182.88 185.93 76 0.11 1.1 0.09
CH05-015 AAM8079 185.93 188.98 Dwb SM 185.93 188.98 107 0.23 2.92 0.23
CH05-015 AAM8080 188.98 192.02 Dwb SM 188.98 192.02 107 0.23 2.92 0.23
CH05-015 AAM8081 192.02 195.07 Dwb SM 192.02 195.07 27 0.05 0.65 0.07
344
CH05-015 AAM8082 195.07 198.12 Dwb SM -1.17 21.67 195.07 198.12 27 0.05 0.65 0.07
CH05-015 AAM8083 198.12 201.17 Dwb SM 198.12 201.17 31 0.04 0.54 0.08
CH05-015 AAM8084 201.17 204.22 Dwb SM 201.17 204.22 31 0.04 0.54 0.08
CH05-015 AAM8085 204.22 207.26 Dwb SM 204.22 207.26 29 0.05 0.48 0.06
CH05-015 AAM8086 207.26 210.31 Dwb SM -1.60 18.95 207.26 210.31 29 0.05 0.48 0.06
CH05-015 AAM8087 210.31 213.36 Dwb SM 210.31 213.36 36 0.06 0.8 0.05
CH05-015 AAM8088 213.36 216.41 Dwb SM 213.36 216.41 36 0.06 0.8 0.05
CH05-015 AAM8089 216.41 219.46 Dwb SM 216.41 219.46 44 0.22 1.08 0.08
CH05-015 AAM8090 219.46 222.50 Dwb SM -1.11 20.55 219.46 222.50 44 0.22 1.08 0.08
CH05-015 AAM8091 222.50 225.55 Dwb SM 222.50 225.55 55 0.45 4.31 0.34
CH05-015 AAM8092 225.55 228.60 Dwb SM 225.55 228.60 55 0.45 4.31 0.34
CH05-015 AAM9913 228.60 231.65 Dwb SM 228.60 231.65 28 0.2 4.73 0.07
CH05-015 AAM9914 231.65 234.70 Dwb SM 231.65 234.70 28 0.2 4.73 0.07
CH05-015 AAM9915 234.70 237.74 Dwb SM 234.70 237.74 33 0.27 2.5 0.07
CH05-015 AAM9916 237.74 240.79 Dwb SM 237.74 240.79 33 0.27 2.5 0.07
CH05-015 AAM9917 240.79 243.84 Dwb SM 240.79 243.84 35 0.39 1.6 0.05
CH05-015 AAT0001 243.84 246.89 Dwb SM 243.84 246.89 35 0.39 1.6 0.05
CH05-015 AAT0002 246.89 249.94 Dwb SM 246.89 249.94 64 0.35 2.72 0.09
CH05-015 AAT0003 249.94 252.98 Dwb SM -0.81 13.79 249.94 252.98 64 0.35 2.72 0.09
CH05-015 AAT0004 252.98 256.03 Dwb SM 252.98 256.03 47 0.29 1.69 0.08
CH05-015 AAT0005 256.03 259.08 Dwb SM 256.03 259.08 47 0.29 1.69 0.08
CH05-015 AAT0006 259.08 262.13 Dwb SM 259.08 262.13 38 0.25 1.32 0.08
CH05-015 AAT0007 262.13 265.18 Dwb SM -0.72 19.40 262.13 265.18 38 0.25 1.32 0.08
CH05-015 AAT0008 265.18 268.22 Dwb SM 265.18 268.22 33 0.23 1.06 0.04
CH05-015 AAT0009 268.22 271.27 Dwb SM 268.22 271.27 33 0.23 1.06 0.04
CH05-015 AAT0010 271.27 274.32 Dwb SM 271.27 274.32 31 0.19 1.07 0.04
345
CH05-015 AAT0011 274.32 277.37 Dwb SM -0.19 18.14 274.32 277.37 31 0.19 1.07 0.04
CH05-015 AAT0012 277.37 280.42 Dwb SM 277.37 280.42 29 0.16 0.87 0.05
CH05-015 AAT0013 280.42 283.46 Dwb SM 280.42 283.46 29 0.16 0.87 0.05
CH05-015 AAT0014 283.46 286.51 Dwb SM 283.46 286.51 28 0.2 1.28 0.07
CH05-015 AAT0015 286.51 289.56 Dwb SM -0.64 21.50 286.51 289.56 28 0.2 1.28 0.07
CH05-015 AAT0016 289.56 292.61 Dwb SM 289.56 292.61 17 0.23 0.98 0.05
CH05-015 AAT0017 292.61 295.66 Dwb SM 292.61 295.66 17 0.23 0.98 0.05
CH05-015 AAT0018 295.66 298.70 Dwb SM 295.66 298.70 12 0.16 1.31 0.07
CH05-015 AAT0019 298.70 301.75 Dwb SM -0.17 23.01 298.70 301.75 12 0.16 1.31 0.07
CH05-015 AAT0020 301.75 304.80 Dwb SM 301.75 304.80 7 0.2 1.48 0.06
CH05-015 AAT0021 304.80 307.85 Dwb SM 304.80 307.85 7 0.2 1.48 0.06
CH05-015 AAT0022 307.85 310.90 Dwb SM 307.85 310.90 11 0.17 0.96 0.05
CH05-015 AAT0023 310.90 313.94 Dwb SM 0.46 22.03 310.90 313.94 11 0.17 0.96 0.05
CH05-015 AAT0024 313.94 316.99 Dwb SM 313.94 316.99 6 0.11 0.57 0.04
CH05-015 AAT0025 316.99 320.04 Dwb SM 316.99 320.04 6 0.11 0.57 0.04
CH05-015 AAT0026 320.04 323.09 Dwb SM 320.04 323.09 8 0.09 0.75 0.05
CH05-015 AAT0027 323.09 326.14 Dwb SM 0.07 23.41 323.09 326.14 8 0.09 0.75 0.05
CH05-015 AAT0028 326.14 329.18 Dwb SM 326.14 329.18 9 0.12 0.89 0.07
CH05-015 AAT0029 329.18 332.23 Dwb SM 329.18 332.23 9 0.12 0.89 0.07
CH05-015 AAT0030 332.23 335.28 Dwb SM 332.23 335.28 9 0.23 1.08 0.07
CH05-015 AAT0031 335.28 338.33 Dwb SM -0.09 22.33 335.28 338.33 9 0.23 1.08 0.07
CH05-015 AAT0032 338.33 341.38 Dwb SM 338.33 341.38 10 0.26 1.29 0.06
CH05-015 AAT0033 341.38 344.42 Dwb SM 341.38 344.42 10 0.26 1.29 0.06
CH05-015 AAT0034 344.42 347.47 Dwb SM 344.42 347.47 16 0.35 2.42 0.09
CH05-015 AAT0035 347.47 350.52 Dwb SM -0.45 22.80 347.47 350.52 16 0.35 2.42 0.09
CH05-015 AAT0036 350.52 353.57 Dwb SM 350.52 353.57 8 0.29 1.87 0.05
346
CH05-015 AAT0037 353.57 356.62 Dwb SM 353.57 356.62 8 0.29 1.87 0.05
CH05-015 AAT0038 356.62 359.66 Dwb SM 356.62 359.66 6 0.2 0.93 0.03
CH05-015 AAT0039 359.66 362.71 Dwb SM 0.75 20.66 359.66 362.71 6 0.2 0.93 0.03
CH05-015 AAT0040 362.71 365.76 Dwb SM 362.71 365.76 9 0.21 0.84 0.03
CH05-015 AAT0041 365.76 368.81 Dwb SM 365.76 368.81 9 0.21 0.84 0.03
CH05-015 AAT0042 368.81 371.86 Dwb SM 368.81 371.86 11 0.2 1.48 0.04
CH05-015 AAT0043 371.86 374.90 Dwb SM -0.13 20.26 371.86 374.90 11 0.2 1.48 0.04
CH05-015 AAT0044 374.90 377.95 Dwb SM 374.90 377.95 10 0.26 1.72 0.05
CH05-015 AAT0045 377.95 381.00 Dwb SM 377.95 381.00 10 0.26 1.72 0.05
CH05-015 AAT0046 381.00 384.05 Dwb SM 381.00 384.05 15 0.41 2.6 0.09
CH05-015 AAT0047 384.05 387.10 Dwb SM -0.47 21.14 384.05 387.10 15 0.41 2.6 0.09
CH05-015 AAT0048 387.10 390.14 Dwb SM 387.10 390.14 12 0.33 1.86 0.07
CH05-015 AAT0049 390.14 393.19 Dwb SM 390.14 393.19 12 0.33 1.86 0.07
CH05-015 AAT0050 393.19 396.24 Dwb SM 393.19 396.24 12 0.37 2 0.07
CH05-015 AAT0051 396.24 399.29 Dwb SM -0.70 19.46 396.24 399.29 12 0.37 2 0.07
CH05-015 AAT0052 399.29 402.34 Dwb SM 399.29 402.34 10 0.37 2.52 0.09
CH05-015 AAT0053 402.34 405.38 Dwb SM 402.34 405.38 10 0.37 2.52 0.09
CH05-015 AAT0054 405.38 408.43 Dwb SM 405.38 408.43 13 0.19 2.26 0.09
CH05-015 AAT0055 408.43 411.48 Dwb SM -1.01 14.07 408.43 411.48 13 0.19 2.26 0.09
CH05-015 AAT0056 411.48 414.53 Dwb SM 411.48 414.53 5 0.12 1.4 0.05
CH05-015 AAT0057 414.53 417.58 Dwb SM 414.53 417.58 5 0.12 1.4 0.05
CH05-015 AAT0058 417.58 420.62 Dwb SM 417.58 420.62 10 0.13 2.19 0.05
CH05-015 AAT0059 420.62 423.67 Dwb SM -1.11 15.19 420.62 423.67 10 0.13 2.19 0.05
CH05-015 AAT0060 423.67 426.72 Dwb SM 423.67 426.72 12 0.23 3 0.11
CH05-015 AAT0061 426.72 429.77 Dwb SM 426.72 429.77 12 0.23 3 0.11
CH05-015 AAT0062 429.77 432.82 Dwb SM 429.77 432.82 12 0.22 3.01 0.14
347
CH05-015 AAT0063 432.82 435.86 Dwb SM -2.01 16.44 432.82 435.86 12 0.22 3.01 0.14
CH05-015 AAT0064 435.86 438.91 Dwb SM 435.86 438.91 25 0.44 5.25 0.25
CH05-015 AAT0065 438.91 441.96 Dwb SL 438.91 441.96 25 0.44 5.25 0.25
CH05-015 AAT0066 441.96 445.01 Dwb SL 441.96 445.01 19 0.41 6.91 0.17
CH05-015 AAT0067 445.01 448.06 Dwb SL -2.36 19.71 445.01 448.06 19 0.41 6.91 0.17
CH05-015 AAT0068 448.06 451.10 Dwb SL 448.06 451.10 20 0.36 4.12 0.09
CH05-015 AAT0069 451.10 454.15 Dwb SL 451.10 454.15 20 0.36 4.12 0.09
CH05-015 AAT0070 454.15 457.20 Dwb SL 454.15 457.20 28 0.53 13.35 0.24
CH05-015 AAT0071 457.20 460.25 Dwb SL -1.87 17.58 457.20 460.25 28 0.53 13.35 0.24
CH05-015 AAT0072 460.25 463.30 Dwb SL 460.25 463.30 19 0.43 6.73 0.19
CH05-015 AAT0073 463.30 466.34 Dwb SL 463.30 466.34 19 0.43 6.73 0.19
CH05-015 AAT0074 466.34 469.39 Dwb SL 466.34 469.39 20 0.33 5.8 0.24
CH05-015 AAT0075 469.39 472.44 Int QP 469.39 472.44 20 0.33 5.8 0.24
CH05-015 AAT0076 472.44 475.49 Dwb SM -2.28 17.21 472.44 475.49 16 0.09 1.37 0.24
CH05-015 AAT0077 475.49 478.54 Int QP 475.49 478.54 16 0.09 1.37 0.24
CH05-015 AAT0078 478.54 481.58 Dwb SM 478.54 481.58 26 0.32 3.96 0.21
CH05-015 AAT0079 481.58 484.63 Dwb SM -1.89 15.53 481.58 484.63 26 0.32 3.96 0.21
CH05-015 AAT0080 484.63 487.68 Dwb SM 484.63 487.68 29 0.25 3.59 0.25
CH05-015 AAT0081 487.68 490.73 Dwb SM 487.68 490.73 29 0.25 3.59 0.25
CH05-015 AAT0082 490.73 493.78 Dwb SM 490.73 493.78 13 0.22 2.09 0.14
CH05-015 AAT0083 493.78 496.82 Dwb SM 0.57 19.79 493.78 496.82 13 0.22 2.09 0.14
CH05-015 AAT0084 496.82 499.87 Dwb SM 496.82 499.87 12 0.21 2.08 0.08
CH05-015 AAT0085 499.87 502.92 Dwb SM 499.87 502.92 12 0.21 2.08 0.08
CH05-015 AAT0086 502.92 505.97 Dwb SM 502.92 505.97 11 0.2 1.51 0.09
CH05-015 AAT0087 505.97 509.02 Dwb SM 0.53 20.99 505.97 509.02 11 0.2 1.51 0.09
CH05-015 AAT0088 509.02 512.06 Dwb SM 509.02 512.06 10 0.2 1.33 0.11
348
CH05-015 AAT0089 512.06 515.11 Dwb SM 512.06 515.11 10 0.2 1.33 0.11
CH05-015 AAT0090 515.11 518.16 Dwb SM 515.11 518.16 7 0.24 1.26 0.1
CH05-015 AAT0091 518.16 521.21 Dwb SM 1.12 20.49 518.16 521.21 7 0.24 1.26 0.1
CH05-015 AAT0092 521.21 524.26 Dwb SM 521.21 524.26 12 0.17 1.34 0.06
CH05-015 AAT0093 524.26 527.30 Dwb SM 524.26 527.30 12 0.17 1.34 0.06
CH05-015 AAT0094 527.30 530.35 Dwb SM 527.30 530.35 2 0.29 2.85 0.09
CH05-015 AAT0095 530.35 533.40 Dwb SM -0.19 20.79 530.35 533.40 2 0.29 2.85 0.09
CH05-015 AAT0096 533.40 536.45 Dwb SM 533.40 536.45 12 0.24 2.08 0.08
CH05-015 AAT0097 536.45 539.50 Dwb SM 536.45 539.50 12 0.24 2.08 0.08
CH05-015 AAT0098 539.50 542.54 Dwb SM 539.50 542.54 9 0.21 1.66 0.06
CH05-015 AAT0099 542.54 545.59 Dwb SM 0.20 15.38 542.54 545.59 9 0.21 1.66 0.06
CH05-015 AAT0100 545.59 548.64 Dwb SM 545.59 548.64 9 0.25 1.41 0.03
CH05-015 AAT0101 548.64 551.69 Dwb SM 548.64 551.69 9 0.25 1.41 0.03
CH05-015 AAT0102 551.69 554.74 Dwb SM 551.69 554.74 9 0.22 1.99 0.03
CH05-015 AAT0103 554.74 557.78 Dwb SM 0.40 17.72 554.74 557.78 9 0.22 1.99 0.03
CH05-015 AAT0104 557.78 560.83 Dwb SM 557.78 560.83 10 0.26 2 0.04
CH05-015 AAT0105 560.83 563.88 Dwb SM 560.83 563.88 10 0.26 2 0.04
CH05-015 AAT0106 563.88 566.93 Dwb SM 563.88 566.93 20 0.25 2.9 0.06
CH05-015 AAT0107 566.93 569.98 Dwb SM 0.13 16.06 566.93 569.98 20 0.25 2.9 0.06
CH05-015 AAT0108 569.98 573.02 Dwb SM 569.98 573.02 15 0.47 2.77 0.04
CH05-015 AAT0109 573.02 576.07 Dwb SM 573.02 576.07 15 0.47 2.77 0.04
CH05-015 AAT0110 576.07 579.12 Dwb SM 576.07 579.12 16 0.31 2.39 0.03
CH05-015 AAT0111 579.12 582.17 Dwb SM 0.25 16.44 579.12 582.17 16 0.31 2.39 0.03
CH05-015 AAT0112 582.17 585.22 Dwb SM 582.17 585.22 23 0.34 4.31 0.04
CH05-015 AAT0113 585.22 588.26 Dwb SM 585.22 588.26 23 0.34 4.31 0.04
CH05-015 AAT0114 588.26 591.31 Dwb SM 588.26 591.31 12 0.53 2.42 0.02
349
CH05-015 AAT0115 591.31 594.36 Dwb SM 0.62 16.76 591.31 594.36 12 0.53 2.42 0.02
CH05-015 AAT0116 594.36 597.41 Dwb SM 594.36 597.41 22 0.13 1.31 0.02
CH05-015 AAT0117 597.41 600.46 Dwb SM 597.41 600.46 22 0.13 1.31 0.02
CH05-015 AAT0118 600.46 603.50 Dwb SM 600.46 603.50 15 0.05 0.82 0.05
CH05-015 AAT0119 603.50 606.55 Int QP 603.50 606.55 15 0.05 0.82 0.05
CH05-015 AAT0120 606.55 609.60 Int QP 606.55 609.60 19.1 0.04 0.5 0.11
CH05-015 AAT0121 609.60 612.65 Int QP 609.60 612.65 19.1 0.04 0.5 0.11
CH05-015 AAT0122 612.65 615.70 Int QP 612.65 615.70 21 0.05 0.96 0.06
CH05-015 AAT0123 615.70 618.74 Dwb SM -0.37 18.15 615.70 618.74 21 0.05 0.96 0.06
CH05-015 AAT0124 618.74 621.79 Int QP 618.74 621.79 27.8 0.07 2.06 0.37
CH05-015 AAT0125 621.79 624.84 Dwb SM 621.79 624.84 27.8 0.07 2.06 0.37
CH05-015 AAT0126 624.84 627.89 Int QP 624.84 627.89 12.2 0.05 0.81 0.18
CH05-015 AAT0127 627.89 630.94 Dwb LS -0.15 19.75 627.89 630.94 12.2 0.05 0.81 0.18
CH05-015 AAT0128 630.94 633.98 Dwb LS 630.94 633.98 27 0.29 3.95 0.05
CH05-015 AAT0129 633.98 637.03 Dwb LS 633.98 637.03 27 0.29 3.95 0.05
CH05-015 AAT0130 637.03 640.08 Dwb SL 637.03 640.08 24 0.27 9.21 0.08
CH05-015 AAT0131 640.08 643.13 Dwb SL -0.92 20.09 640.08 643.13 24 0.27 9.21 0.08
CH05-015 AAT0132 643.13 646.18 Dwb SL 643.13 646.18 25 1.01 5.41 0.06
CH05-015 AAT0133 646.18 649.22 Dwb SL 646.18 649.22 25 1.01 5.41 0.06
CH05-015 AAT0134 649.22 652.27 Dwb SL 649.22 652.27 40 1.08 14.3 0.09
CH05-015 AAT0135 652.27 655.32 Dwb SL -1.01 16.99 652.27 655.32 40 1.08 14.3 0.09
CH05-015 AAT0136 655.32 658.37 Dwb SL 655.32 658.37 25 0.07 5.23 0.19
CH05-015 AAT0137 658.37 661.42 Dwb SL 658.37 661.42 25 0.07 5.23 0.19
CH05-015 AAT0138 661.42 664.46 Srm SL 661.42 664.46 17 0.06 1.44 0.21
CH05-015 AAT0139 664.46 667.51 Srm SL -0.86 19.65 664.46 667.51 17 0.06 1.44 0.21
CH05-015 AAT0140 667.51 670.56 Int QP 667.51 670.56 9.4 0.04 0.81 0.14
350
CH05-015 AAT0141 670.56 673.61 Int QP 670.56 673.61 9.4 0.04 0.81 0.14
CH05-015 AAT0142 673.61 676.66 Int QP 673.61 676.66 7.4 0.07 0.72 0.15
CH05-015 AAT0143 676.66 679.70 Srm SL -0.55 19.09 676.66 679.70 7.4 0.07 0.72 0.15
CH05-015 AAT0144 679.70 682.75 Srm SL 679.70 682.75 6 0.06 0.99 0.15
CH05-015 AAT0145 682.75 685.80 Srm SL 682.75 685.80 6 0.06 0.99 0.15
CH05-015 AAT0146 685.80 688.85 Srm SL 685.80 688.85 5 0.04 1.01 0.17
CH05-015 AAT0147 688.85 691.90 Srm SL 688.85 691.90 5 0.04 1.01 0.17
CH05-015 AAT0148 691.90 694.94 Srm SL 691.90 694.94 10 0.04 2.4 0.2
CH05-015 AAT0149 694.94 697.99 Srm SL 694.94 697.99 10 0.04 2.4 0.2
CH05-015 AAT0150 697.99 701.04 Srm SL 697.99 701.04 9.2 0.06 1.3 0.18
CH05-015 AAT0151 701.04 704.09 Srm SL -1.54 21.63 701.04 704.09 9.2 0.06 1.3 0.18
CH05-015 AAT0152 704.09 707.14 Int QP 704.09 707.14 15 0.08 2.2 0.23
CH05-015 AAT0153 707.14 710.18 Srm SL 707.14 710.18 15 0.08 2.2 0.23
CH05-015 AAT0154 710.18 713.23 Srm SL 710.18 713.23 11 0.07 1.97 0.22
CH05-015 AAT0155 713.23 716.28 Srm SL -4.52 18.44 713.23 716.28 11 0.07 1.97 0.22
CH05-015 AAT0156 716.28 719.33 Srm SL 716.28 719.33 7 0.06 1.61 0.25
CH05-015 AAT0157 719.33 722.38 Srm SL 719.33 722.38 7 0.06 1.61 0.25
CH05-015 AAT0158 722.38 725.42 Srm SL 722.38 725.42 12 0.09 1.89 0.21
CH05-015 AAT0159 725.42 728.47 Srm SL -0.51 16.01 725.42 728.47 12 0.09 1.89 0.21
CH05-015 AAT0160 728.47 731.52 Srm SL 728.47 731.52 13 0.04 1.18 0.22
CH05-015 AAT0161 731.52 734.57 Srm SL 731.52 734.57 13 0.04 1.18 0.22
CH05-015 AAT0162 734.57 737.62 Srm SL 734.57 737.62 10 0.03 1.04 0.29
CH05-015 AAT0163 737.62 740.66 Srm SL -0.76 17.15 737.62 740.66 10 0.03 1.04 0.29
CH05-015 AAT0164 740.66 743.71 Srm SL 740.66 743.71 11 0.16 2.76 0.19
CH05-015 AAT0165 743.71 746.76 Srm SL 743.71 746.76 11 0.16 2.76 0.19
CH05-015 AAT0166 746.76 749.81 Srm SL 746.76 749.81 6 0.07 1.29 0.22
351
CH05-015 AAT0167 749.81 752.86 Srm SL -0.44 16.77 749.81 752.86 6 0.07 1.29 0.22
CH05-015 AAT0168 752.86 755.90 Srm SL 752.86 755.90 10 0.03 0.82 0.23
CH05-015 AAT0169 755.90 758.95 Srm SL 755.90 758.95 10 0.03 0.82 0.23
CH05-015 AAT0170 758.95 762.00 Srm SL 758.95 762.00 10 0.04 0.99 0.19
CH05-015 AAT0171 762.00 765.05 Srm SL -0.28 17.37 762.00 765.05 10 0.04 0.99 0.19
CH05-015 AAT0172 765.05 768.10 Srm SL 765.05 768.10 2 0.02 0.67 0.2
CH05-030 AAO2444 0.00 3.05 Tqa CG
CH05-030 AAO2445 3.05 6.10 Tqa CG
CH05-030 AAO2446 6.10 9.14 Tqa CG
CH05-030 AAO2447 9.14 12.19 Tqa CG
CH05-030 AAO2448 12.19 15.24 Tqa CG
CH05-030 AAO2449 15.24 18.29 Tqa CG
CH05-030 AAO2450 18.29 21.34 Tqa CG
CH05-030 AAO2451 21.34 24.38 Tqa CG
CH05-030 AAO2452 24.38 27.43 Tqa CG
CH05-030 AAO2453 27.43 30.48 Tqa CG
CH05-030 AAO2454 30.48 33.53 Tqa CG
CH05-030 AAO2455 33.53 36.58 Tqa CG
352
CH05-030 AAO2456 36.58 39.62 Tqa CG

CH05-030 AAO2457 39.62 42.67 Tqa CG
CH05-030 AAO2458 42.67 45.72 Tqa CG
CH05-030 AAO2459 45.72 48.77 Tqa CG
CH05-030 AAO2460 48.77 51.82 Tqa CG
CH05-030 AAO2461 51.82 54.86 Dhc ST -3.08 17.20
CH05-030 AAO2462 54.86 57.91 Dhc ST
CH05-030 AAO2463 57.91 60.96 Dhc ST
CH05-030 AAO2464 60.96 64.01 Dhc ST
CH05-030 AAO2465 64.01 67.06 Dhc ST -5.22 19.64
CH05-030 AAO2466 67.06 70.10 Dhc ST
CH05-030 AAO2467 70.10 73.15 Dhc ST
CH05-030 AAO2468 73.15 76.20 Dhc ST
CH05-030 AAO2469 76.20 79.25 Dhc ST
CH05-030 AAO2472 79.25 82.30 Dwb MI
CH05-030 AAO2473 82.30 85.34 Dwb MI
CH05-030 AAO2474 85.34 88.39 Dwb MI
CH05-030 AAO2475 88.39 91.44 Dwb MI 0.43 21.98
CH05-030 AAO2476 91.44 94.49 Dwb MI
CH05-030 AAO2477 94.49 97.54 Dwb MI
CH05-030 AAO2478 97.54 100.58 Dwb MI
CH05-030 AAO2479 100.58 103.63 Dwb MI 0.33 18.33
CH05-030 AAO2480 103.63 106.68 Dwb MI
CH05-030 AAO2481 106.68 109.73 Dwb MI
CH05-030 AAO2482 109.73 112.78 Dwb MI
CH05-030 AAO2483 112.78 115.82 Dwb MI 0.04 18.85
353
CH05-030 AAO2484 115.82 118.87 Dwb MI

CH05-030 AAO2485 118.87 121.92 Dwb MI
CH05-030 AAO2486 121.92 124.97 Dwb MI
CH05-030 AAO2487 124.97 128.02 Dwb MI -0.56 22.42
CH05-030 AAO2488 128.02 131.06 Dwb SL
CH05-030 AAO2489 131.06 134.11 Dwb SL
CH05-030 AAO2490 134.11 137.16 Dwb SL
CH05-030 AAO2491 137.16 140.21 Dwb MI -1.25 22.87
CH05-030 AAO2492 140.21 143.26 Dwb MI
CH05-030 AAO2493 143.26 146.30 Dwb MI
CH05-030 AAO2494 146.30 149.35 Dwb MI 146.30 149.35 24 0.14 1.3 0.17
CH05-030 AAO2495 149.35 152.40 Dwb SL -1.07 22.44 149.35 152.40 24 0.14 1.3 0.17
CH05-030 AAO2496 152.40 155.45 Dwb SL 152.40 155.45 24 0.14 1.3 0.17
CH05-030 AAO2497 155.45 158.50 Dwb SL 155.45 158.50 19 0.05 1.2 0.14
CH05-030 AAO2500 158.50 161.54 Dwb MI 158.50 161.54 19 0.05 1.2 0.14
CH05-030 AAO2501 161.54 164.59 Dwb MI 0.45 20.50 161.54 164.59 19 0.05 1.2 0.14
CH05-030 AAO2502 164.59 167.64 Dwb MI 164.59 167.64 7 0.09 0.44 0.06
CH05-030 AAO2503 167.64 170.69 Dwb MI 167.64 170.69 7 0.09 0.44 0.06
CH05-030 AAO2504 170.69 173.74 Dwb MI 170.69 173.74 7 0.09 0.44 0.06
CH05-030 AAO2505 173.74 176.78 Dwb MI 0.21 18.13 173.74 176.78 12 0.42 0.79 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2506 176.78 179.83 Dwb MI 176.78 179.83 12 0.42 0.79 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2507 179.83 182.88 Dwb SL 179.83 182.88 12 0.42 0.79 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2508 182.88 185.93 Dwb MI 182.88 185.93 34 0.54 1.92 0.13
CH05-030 AAO2509 185.93 188.98 Dwb MI -0.77 20.66 185.93 188.98 34 0.54 1.92 0.13
CH05-030 AAO2510 188.98 192.02 Dwb MI 188.98 192.02 34 0.54 1.92 0.13
CH05-030 AAO2511 192.02 195.07 Dwb MI 192.02 195.07 33 0.14 1.16 0.02
354
CH05-030 AAO2512 195.07 198.12 Dwb MI 195.07 198.12 33 0.14 1.16 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2513 198.12 201.17 Dwb MI 198.12 201.17 33 0.14 1.16 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2514 201.17 204.22 Dwb SL 201.17 204.22 32 0.31 1.06 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2515 204.22 207.26 Int QP 204.22 207.26 32 0.31 1.06 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2516 207.26 210.31 Int QP 207.26 210.31 32 0.31 1.06 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2517 210.31 213.36 Int QP -0.92 19.58 210.31 213.36 74 1.06 3.28 0.03
CH05-030 AAO2518 213.36 216.41 Dwb SL 213.36 216.41 74 1.06 3.28 0.03
CH05-030 AAO2519 216.41 219.46 Dwb SL 216.41 219.46 74 1.06 3.28 0.03
CH05-030 AAO2520 219.46 222.50 Dwb SL 219.46 222.50 60.5 0.73 3.05 0.04
CH05-030 AAO2521 222.50 225.55 Int QP -1.26 17.16 222.50 225.55 60.5 0.73 3.05 0.04
CH05-030 AAO2522 225.55 228.60 Int QP 225.55 228.60 60.5 0.73 3.05 0.04
CH05-030 AAO2523 228.60 231.65 Dwb MI 228.60 231.65 53 1.26 3.38 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2524 231.65 234.70 Int QP 231.65 234.70 53 1.26 3.38 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2525 234.70 237.74 Dwb SL -0.25 20.43 234.70 237.74 53 1.26 3.38 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2528 237.74 240.79 Dwb SL 237.74 240.79 18 0.11 0.78 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2529 240.79 243.84 Dwb SL 240.79 243.84 18 0.11 0.78 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2530 243.84 246.89 Dwb MI 243.84 246.89 18 0.11 0.78 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2531 246.89 249.94 Dwb MI -0.11 18.98 246.89 249.94 16 0.12 0.62 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2532 249.94 252.98 Dwb MI 249.94 252.98 16 0.12 0.62 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2533 252.98 256.03 Int QP 252.98 256.03 16 0.12 0.62 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2534 256.03 259.08 Dwb SM 256.03 259.08 16 0.03 0.38 0.05
CH05-030 AAO2535 259.08 262.13 Int SM 0.20 17.58 259.08 262.13 16 0.03 0.38 0.05
CH05-030 AAO2536 262.13 265.18 Dwb SM 262.13 265.18 16 0.03 0.38 0.05
CH05-030 AAO2537 265.18 268.22 Dwb SM 265.18 268.22 38 0.21 2.16 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2538 268.22 271.27 Dwb SM 268.22 271.27 38 0.21 2.16 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2539 271.27 274.32 Dwb SM 2.14 16.37 271.27 274.32 38 0.21 2.16 0.02
355
CH05-030 AAO2540 274.32 277.37 Dwb SM 274.32 277.37 14 0.06 1.38 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2541 277.37 280.42 Dwb SM 277.37 280.42 14 0.06 1.38 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2542 280.42 283.46 Dwb SM 280.42 283.46 14 0.06 1.38 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2543 283.46 286.51 Dwb SM 0.97 16.92 283.46 286.51 35 0.22 2.04 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2544 286.51 289.56 Dwb SM 286.51 289.56 35 0.22 2.04 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2545 289.56 292.61 Dwb SM 289.56 292.61 35 0.22 2.04 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2546 292.61 295.66 Dwb SM 292.61 295.66 98 0.34 5.82 0.11
CH05-030 AAO2547 295.66 298.70 Dwb SM 1.18 16.49 295.66 298.70 98 0.34 5.82 0.11
CH05-030 AAO2548 298.70 301.75 Dwb SM 298.70 301.75 98 0.34 5.82 0.11
CH05-030 AAO2549 301.75 304.80 Dwb SM 301.75 304.80 130 0.13 3.26 0.11
CH05-030 AAO2550 304.80 307.85 Dwb SM 304.80 307.85 130 0.13 3.26 0.11
CH05-030 AAO2551 307.85 310.90 Dwb SM 1.10 17.75 307.85 310.90 130 0.13 3.26 0.11
CH05-030 AAO2552 310.90 313.94 Dwb SM 310.90 313.94 68 0.13 2.58 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2553 313.94 316.99 Dwb SM 313.94 316.99 68 0.13 2.58 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2556 316.99 320.04 Dwb SM 316.99 320.04 68 0.13 2.58 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2557 320.04 323.09 Dwb SM 0.79 20.64 320.04 323.09 40 0.13 2.53 0.05
CH05-030 AAO2558 323.09 326.14 Dwb SM 323.09 326.14 40 0.13 2.53 0.05
CH05-030 AAO2559 326.14 329.18 Dwb SM 326.14 329.18 40 0.13 2.53 0.05
CH05-030 AAO2560 329.18 332.23 Dwb SM 329.18 332.23 58 0.26 1.88 0.08
CH05-030 AAO2561 332.23 335.28 Dwb SM 0.15 17.95 332.23 335.28 58 0.26 1.88 0.08
CH05-030 AAO2562 335.28 338.33 Dwb SM 335.28 338.33 58 0.26 1.88 0.08
CH05-030 AAO2563 338.33 341.38 Dwb SM 338.33 341.38 62 0.18 2.47 0.08
CH05-030 AAO2564 341.38 344.42 Dwb SM 341.38 344.42 62 0.18 2.47 0.08
CH05-030 AAO2565 344.42 347.47 Dwb SM 1.10 16.55 344.42 347.47 62 0.18 2.47 0.08
CH05-030 AAO2566 347.47 350.52 Dwb SM 347.47 350.52 30 0.16 1.36 0.09
CH05-030 AAO2567 350.52 353.57 Dwb SM 350.52 353.57 30 0.16 1.36 0.09
356
CH05-030 AAO2568 353.57 356.62 Dwb SM 353.57 356.62 30 0.16 1.36 0.09
CH05-030 AAO2569 356.62 359.66 Dwb SM 0.70 20.85 356.62 359.66 21 0.11 1.28 0.04
CH05-030 AAO2570 359.66 362.71 Dwb SM 359.66 362.71 21 0.11 1.28 0.04
CH05-030 AAO2571 362.71 365.76 Dwb SM 362.71 365.76 21 0.11 1.28 0.04
CH05-030 AAO2572 365.76 368.81 Dwb SM 365.76 368.81 32 0.12 2.58 0.05
CH05-030 AAO2573 368.81 371.86 Dwb SM 0.38 19.07 368.81 371.86 32 0.12 2.58 0.05
CH05-030 AAO2574 371.86 374.90 Dwb SM 371.86 374.90 32 0.12 2.58 0.05
CH05-030 AAO2575 374.90 377.95 Dwb SM 374.90 377.95 32 0.19 3.41 0.1
CH05-030 AAO2576 377.95 381.00 Dwb SM 377.95 381.00 32 0.19 3.41 0.1
CH05-030 AAO2577 381.00 384.05 Dwb SM -0.03 16.35 381.00 384.05 32 0.19 3.41 0.1
CH05-030 AAO2578 384.05 387.10 Dwb MI 384.05 387.10 14 0.05 1.26 0.03
CH05-030 AAO2579 387.10 390.14 Dwb MI 387.10 390.14 14 0.05 1.26 0.03
CH05-030 AAO2580 390.14 393.19 Dwb MI 390.14 393.19 14 0.05 1.26 0.03
CH05-030 AAO2581 393.19 396.24 Dwb SM 0.64 18.12 393.19 396.24 10 0.03 1.02 0.03
CH05-030 AAO2584 396.24 399.29 Dwb SM 396.24 399.29 10 0.03 1.02 0.03
CH05-030 AAO2585 399.29 402.34 Dwb SM 399.29 402.34 10 0.03 1.02 0.03
CH05-030 AAO2586 402.34 405.38 Dwb SM 402.34 405.38 20 0.03 1.85 0.05
CH05-030 AAO2587 405.38 408.43 Dwb SM 0.46 19.80 405.38 408.43 20 0.03 1.85 0.05
CH05-030 AAO2588 408.43 411.48 Dwb SM 408.43 411.48 20 0.03 1.85 0.05
CH05-030 AAO2589 411.48 414.53 Dwb SM 411.48 414.53 17 0.11 3.21 0.03
CH05-030 AAO2590 414.53 417.58 Dwb SM 414.53 417.58 17 0.11 3.21 0.03
CH05-030 AAO2591 417.58 420.62 Dwb SM 0.86 18.36 417.58 420.62 17 0.11 3.21 0.03
CH05-030 AAO2592 420.62 423.67 Dwb SM 420.62 423.67 6 0.05 0.99 0.03
CH05-030 AAO2593 423.67 426.72 Dwb SM 423.67 426.72 6 0.05 0.99 0.03
CH05-030 AAO2594 426.72 429.77 Dwb SM 426.72 429.77 6 0.05 0.99 0.03
CH05-030 AAO2595 429.77 432.82 Dwb SM -0.37 21.23 429.77 432.82 17 0.06 0.84 0.04
357
CH05-030 AAO2596 432.82 435.86 Dwb SM 432.82 435.86 17 0.06 0.84 0.04
CH05-030 AAO2597 435.86 438.91 Dwb SM 435.86 438.91 17 0.06 0.84 0.04
CH05-030 AAO2598 438.91 441.96 Dwb SM 438.91 441.96 34 0.37 5.2 0.16
CH05-030 AAO2599 441.96 445.01 Dwb SM -0.42 17.07 441.96 445.01 34 0.37 5.2 0.16
CH05-030 AAO2600 445.01 448.06 Dwb SM 445.01 448.06 34 0.37 5.2 0.16
CH05-030 AAO2601 448.06 451.10 Dwb SM 448.06 451.10 23 0.25 2.86 0.05
CH05-030 AAO2602 451.10 454.15 Dwb SM 451.10 454.15 23 0.25 2.86 0.05
CH05-030 AAO2603 454.15 457.20 Dwb SM -0.04 15.98 454.15 457.20 23 0.25 2.86 0.05
CH05-030 AAO2604 457.20 460.25 Dwb SM 457.20 460.25 20 0.14 1.42 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2605 460.25 463.30 Dwb SM 460.25 463.30 20 0.14 1.42 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2606 463.30 466.34 Dwb SM 463.30 466.34 20 0.14 1.42 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2607 466.34 469.39 Dwb SM 0.74 19.58 466.34 469.39 22 0.14 1.47 0.04
CH05-030 AAO2608 469.39 472.44 Dwb SM 469.39 472.44 22 0.14 1.47 0.04
CH05-030 AAO2609 472.44 475.49 Dwb SM 472.44 475.49 22 0.14 1.47 0.04
CH05-030 AAO2612 475.49 478.54 Dwb SM 475.49 478.54 24 0.11 1.46 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2613 478.54 481.58 Dwb SM 0.03 19.03 478.54 481.58 24 0.11 1.46 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2614 481.58 484.63 Dwb SM 481.58 484.63 24 0.11 1.46 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2615 484.63 487.68 Dwb SM 484.63 487.68 23 0.23 1.98 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2616 487.68 490.73 Dwb SM 487.68 490.73 23 0.23 1.98 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2617 490.73 493.78 Dwb SL 0.16 16.64 490.73 493.78 23 0.23 1.98 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2618 493.78 496.82 Dwb_Int SL 493.78 496.82 19 0.21 0.97 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2619 496.82 499.87 Dwb SL 496.82 499.87 19 0.21 0.97 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2620 499.87 502.92 Dwb SM 499.87 502.92 19 0.21 0.97 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2621 502.92 505.97 Dwb SM 0.07 17.42 502.92 505.97 5 0.1 1.5 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2622 505.97 509.02 Dwb SM 505.97 509.02 5 0.1 1.5 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2623 509.02 512.06 Dwb SM 509.02 512.06 5 0.1 1.5 0.07
358
CH05-030 AAO2624 512.06 515.11 Dwb SM 512.06 515.11 11 0.11 1.37 0.12
CH05-030 AAO2625 515.11 518.16 Dwb SM 515.11 518.16 11 0.11 1.37 0.12
CH05-030 AAO2626 518.16 521.21 Dwb SM 518.16 521.21 11 0.11 1.37 0.12
CH05-030 AAO2627 521.21 524.26 Dwb SM 521.21 524.26 16 0.18 0.95 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2628 524.26 527.30 Dwb SM 524.26 527.30 16 0.18 0.95 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2629 527.30 530.35 Dwb SM 527.30 530.35 16 0.18 0.95 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2630 530.35 533.40 Dwb SM 530.35 533.40 4 0.05 1.45 0.1
CH05-030 AAO2631 533.40 536.45 Srm SM 533.40 536.45 4 0.05 1.45 0.1
CH05-030 AAO2632 536.45 539.50 Srm SM 536.45 539.50 4 0.05 1.45 0.1
CH05-030 AAO2633 539.50 542.54 Srm SM 539.50 542.54 12 0.04 1.1 0.12
CH05-030 AAO2634 542.54 545.59 Dwb SM 542.54 545.59 12 0.04 1.1 0.12
CH05-030 AAO2635 545.59 548.64 Dwb SM 545.59 548.64 12 0.04 1.1 0.12
CH05-030 AAO2636 548.64 551.69 Dwb SM 548.64 551.69 5 0.02 0.73 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2637 551.69 554.74 Dwb SM 551.69 554.74 5 0.02 0.73 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2640 554.74 557.78 Dwb SM 554.74 557.78 5 0.02 0.73 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2641 557.78 560.83 Dwb SM 557.78 560.83 15 0.03 1.74 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2642 560.83 563.88 Dwb SM 560.83 563.88 15 0.03 1.74 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2643 563.88 566.93 Dwb SM 563.88 566.93 15 0.03 1.74 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2644 566.93 569.98 Dwb SM 566.93 569.98 11 0.01 0.86 0.05
CH05-030 AAO2645 569.98 573.02 Dwb SM 569.98 573.02 11 0.01 0.86 0.05
CH05-030 AAO2646 573.02 576.07 Dwb SM 573.02 576.07 11 0.01 0.86 0.05
CH05-030 AAO2647 576.07 579.12 Dwb SM 576.07 579.12 2 0.01 0.48 0.05
CH05-030 AAO2648 579.12 582.17 Dwb SM 579.12 582.17 2 0.01 0.48 0.05
CH05-030 AAO2649 582.17 585.22 Dwb SM 582.17 585.22 2 0.01 0.48 0.05
CH05-030 AAO2650 585.22 588.26 Dwb SM 585.22 588.26 6 0.03 0.51 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2651 588.26 591.31 Dwb SM 588.26 591.31 6 0.03 0.51 0.07
359
CH05-030 AAO2652 591.31 594.36 Dwb SM 591.31 594.36 6 0.03 0.51 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2653 594.36 597.41 Dwb SM 594.36 597.41 2 0.03 0.67 0.09
CH05-030 AAO2654 597.41 600.46 Dwb SM 597.41 600.46 2 0.03 0.67 0.09
CH05-030 AAO2655 600.46 603.50 Dwb SM 600.46 603.50 2 0.03 0.67 0.09
CH05-030 AAO2656 603.50 606.55 Dwb SM 603.50 606.55 8 0.04 1.16 0.08
CH05-030 AAO2657 606.55 609.60 Dwb SM 606.55 609.60 8 0.04 1.16 0.08
CH05-030 AAO2658 609.60 612.65 Dwb SM 609.60 612.65 8 0.04 1.16 0.08
CH05-030 AAO2659 612.65 615.70 Dwb SM 612.65 615.70 4 0.03 0.99 0.04
CH05-030 AAO2660 615.70 618.74 Dwb SM 615.70 618.74 4 0.03 0.99 0.04
CH05-030 AAO2661 618.74 621.79 Dwb SM 618.74 621.79 4 0.03 0.99 0.04
CH05-030 AAO2662 621.79 624.84 Dwb SM 621.79 624.84 3 0.01 0.92 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2663 624.84 627.89 Dwb SM 1.66 21.59 624.84 627.89 3 0.01 0.92 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2664 627.89 630.94 Dwb SM 627.89 630.94 3 0.01 0.92 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2665 630.94 633.98 Dwb SM 630.94 633.98 15 0.02 0.65 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2668 633.98 637.03 Dwb SM 633.98 637.03 15 0.02 0.65 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2669 637.03 640.08 Dwb SL 1.35 23.22 637.03 640.08 15 0.02 0.65 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2670 640.08 643.13 Dwb SL 640.08 643.13 7 0.07 1.36 0.1
CH05-030 AAO2671 643.13 646.18 Dwb SL 643.13 646.18 7 0.07 1.36 0.1
CH05-030 AAO2672 646.18 649.22 Dwb SL 646.18 649.22 7 0.07 1.36 0.1
CH05-030 AAO2673 649.22 652.27 Dwb SL -0.10 21.36 649.22 652.27 16 0.09 2.61 0.2
CH05-030 AAO2674 652.27 655.32 Dwb SL 652.27 655.32 16 0.09 2.61 0.2
CH05-030 AAO2675 655.32 658.37 Dwb SL 655.32 658.37 16 0.09 2.61 0.2
CH05-030 AAO2676 658.37 661.42 Dwb SL 658.37 661.42 7 0.07 1.96 0.15
CH05-030 AAO2677 661.42 664.46 Dwb SL 0.89 21.32 661.42 664.46 7 0.07 1.96 0.15
CH05-030 AAO2678 664.46 667.51 Dwb SL 664.46 667.51 7 0.07 1.96 0.15
CH05-030 AAO2679 667.51 670.56 Dwb SL 667.51 670.56 13 0.06 1.14 0.15
360
CH05-030 AAO2680 670.56 673.61 Dwb SL 670.56 673.61 13 0.06 1.14 0.15
CH05-030 AAO2681 673.61 676.66 Dwb SL 1.20 20.27 673.61 676.66 13 0.06 1.14 0.15
CH05-030 AAO2682 676.66 679.70 Dwb SL 676.66 679.70 11 0.06 2.73 0.15
CH05-030 AAO2683 679.70 682.75 Dwb SL 679.70 682.75 11 0.06 2.73 0.15
CH05-030 AAO2684 682.75 685.80 Dwb SL 682.75 685.80 11 0.06 2.73 0.15
CH05-030 AAO2685 685.80 688.85 Dwb SL -0.52 18.01 685.80 688.85 89 0.65 7.92 0.42
CH05-030 AAO2686 688.85 691.90 Dwb SL 688.85 691.90 89 0.65 7.92 0.42
CH05-030 AAO2687 691.90 694.94 Dwb SL 691.90 694.94 89 0.65 7.92 0.42
CH05-030 AAO2688 694.94 697.99 Srm SL 694.94 697.99 19 0.11 3.09 0.1
CH05-030 AAO2689 697.99 701.04 Srm SL -0.55 15.53 697.99 701.04 19 0.11 3.09 0.1
CH05-030 AAO2690 701.04 704.09 Srm SL 701.04 704.09 19 0.11 3.09 0.1
CH05-030 AAO2691 704.09 707.14 Srm SL 704.09 707.14 14 0.13 3.39 0.16
CH05-030 AAO2692 707.14 710.18 Srm SL 707.14 710.18 14 0.13 3.39 0.16
CH05-030 AAO2693 710.18 713.23 Srm SL -0.79 14.15 710.18 713.23 14 0.13 3.39 0.16
CH05-030 AAO2696 713.23 716.28 Srm SL 713.23 716.28 25 0.14 2.94 0.18
CH05-030 AAO2697 716.28 719.33 Srm SL 716.28 719.33 25 0.14 2.94 0.18
CH05-030 AAO2698 719.33 722.38 Srm SL 719.33 722.38 25 0.14 2.94 0.18
CH05-030 AAO2699 722.38 725.42 Srm SL 0.12 12.60 722.38 725.42 505 2.95 36.5 1.95
CH05-030 AAO2700 725.42 728.47 Srm SL 725.42 728.47 505 2.95 36.5 1.95
CH05-030 AAO2701 728.47 731.52 Srm SL 728.47 731.52 505 2.95 36.5 1.95
CH05-030 AAO2702 731.52 734.57 Srm SL 731.52 734.57 43 0.43 6.81 0.22
CH05-030 AAO2703 734.57 737.62 Srm SL 0.37 13.21 734.57 737.62 43 0.43 6.81 0.22
CH05-030 AAO2704 737.62 740.66 Srm SL 737.62 740.66 43 0.43 6.81 0.22
CH05-030 AAO2705 740.66 743.71 Srm SL 740.66 743.71 5 0.13 3.4 0.27
CH05-030 AAO2706 743.71 746.76 Srm SL 743.71 746.76 5 0.13 3.4 0.27
CH05-030 AAO2707 746.76 749.81 Srm SL 0.52 17.69 746.76 749.81 5 0.13 3.4 0.27
361
CH05-030 AAO2708 749.81 752.86 Srm SL 749.81 752.86 10 0.12 3.29 0.27
CH05-030 AAO2709 752.86 755.90 Srm SL 752.86 755.90 10 0.12 3.29 0.27
CH05-030 AAO2710 755.90 758.95 Srm SL 755.90 758.95 10 0.12 3.29 0.27
CH05-030 AAO2711 758.95 762.00 Srm SL 0.49 16.64 758.95 762.00 37 0.12 2.97 0.31
CH05-030 AAO2712 762.00 765.05 Srm SL 762.00 765.05 37 0.12 2.97 0.31
CH05-030 AAO2713 765.05 768.10 Srm SL 765.05 768.10 37 0.12 2.97 0.31
CH05-030 AAO2714 768.10 771.14 Srm SL 768.10 771.14 21 0.21 2.5 0.21
CH05-030 AAO2715 771.14 774.19 Srm SL 0.40 14.67 771.14 774.19 21 0.21 2.5 0.21
CH05-030 AAO2716 774.19 777.24 Srm SL 774.19 777.24 21 0.21 2.5 0.21
CH05-030 AAO2717 777.24 780.29 Srm SL 777.24 780.29 15 0.08 1.94 0.26
CH05-030 AAO2718 780.29 783.34 Srm SL 780.29 783.34 15 0.08 1.94 0.26
CH05-030 AAO2719 783.34 786.38 Srm SL 0.14 14.94 783.34 786.38 15 0.08 1.94 0.26
CH05-030 AAO2720 786.38 789.43 Srm SL 786.38 789.43 9 0.03 0.84 0.3
CH05-030 AAO2721 789.43 792.48 Srm SL 789.43 792.48 9 0.03 0.84 0.3
CH05-030 AAO2724 792.48 795.53 Srm SL 792.48 795.53 9 0.03 0.84 0.3
CH05-030 AAO2725 795.53 798.58 Srm SL -0.06 13.85 795.53 798.58 25 0.05 1.56 0.26
CH05-030 AAO2726 798.58 801.62 Srm SL 798.58 801.62 25 0.05 1.56 0.26
CH05-030 AAO2727 801.62 804.67 Srm SL 801.62 804.67 25 0.05 1.56 0.26
CH05-030 AAO2728 804.67 807.72 Srm SL 804.67 807.72 74 0.17 4.37 0.28
CH05-030 AAO2729 807.72 810.77 Srm SL -0.01 9.34 807.72 810.77 74 0.17 4.37 0.28
CH05-030 AAO2730 810.77 813.82 Srm SL 810.77 813.82 74 0.17 4.37 0.28
CH05-030 AAO2731 813.82 816.86 Srm SL 813.82 816.86 69 0.14 2.22 0.33
CH05-030 AAO2732 816.86 819.91 Srm SL 816.86 819.91 69 0.14 2.22 0.33
CH05-030 AAO2733 819.91 822.96 Int IU -1.07 14.95 819.91 822.96 69 0.14 2.22 0.33
CH05-030 AAO2734 822.96 826.01 Srm SM 822.96 826.01 49 0.13 3.76 0.32
CH05-030 AAO2735 826.01 829.06 Srm SM 826.01 829.06 49 0.13 3.76 0.32
362
CH05-030 AAO2736 829.06 832.10 Srm SM 829.06 832.10 49 0.13 3.76 0.32
CH05-030 AAO2737 832.10 835.15 Srm SM -1.13 15.95 832.10 835.15 37 0.18 4.11 0.57
CH05-030 AAO2738 835.15 838.20 Srm SM 835.15 838.20 37 0.18 4.11 0.57
CH05-030 AAO2739 838.20 841.25 Srm SM 838.20 841.25 37 0.18 4.11 0.57
CH05-030 AAO2740 841.25 844.30 Srm SM 841.25 844.30 7 0.01 1.49 0.33
CH05-030 AAO2741 844.30 847.34 Srm SM -1.60 16.15 844.30 847.34 7 0.01 1.49 0.33
CH05-030 AAO2742 847.34 850.39 Srm SM 847.34 850.39 7 0.01 1.49 0.33
CH05-030 AAO2743 850.39 853.44 Srm SM 850.39 853.44 10 0.03 2.07 0.43
CH05-030 AAO2744 853.44 856.49 Srm SM 853.44 856.49 10 0.03 2.07 0.43
CH05-030 AAO2745 856.49 859.54 Srm SM -1.29 14.07 856.49 859.54 10 0.03 2.07 0.43
CH05-030 AAO2746 859.54 862.58 Srm SM 859.54 862.58 27 0.12 3.34 0.35
CH05-030 AAO2747 862.58 865.63 Srm SM 862.58 865.63 27 0.12 3.34 0.35
CH05-030 AAO2748 865.63 868.68 Srm SM 865.63 868.68 27 0.12 3.34 0.35
CH05-030 AAO2749 868.68 871.73 Srm SM -1.15 14.39 868.68 871.73 192 2.08 18.05 2.07
CH05-030 AAO2752 871.73 874.78 Srm SM 871.73 874.78 192 2.08 18.05 2.07
CH05-030 AAO2753 874.78 877.82 Srm SM 874.78 877.82 192 2.08 18.05 2.07
CH05-030 AAO2754 877.82 880.87 Srm SM 877.82 880.87 21 0.12 2.17 0.31
CH05-030 AAO2755 880.87 883.92 Srm SM -1.24 18.56 880.87 883.92 21 0.12 2.17 0.31
CH05-030 AAO2756 883.92 886.97 Srm SM 883.92 886.97 21 0.12 2.17 0.31
CH05-030 AAO2757 886.97 890.02 Srm SM 886.97 890.02 17 0.19 3 0.33
CH05-030 AAO2758 890.02 893.06 Srm SM 890.02 893.06 17 0.19 3 0.33
CH05-030 AAO2759 893.06 896.11 Srm SM -0.64 15.48 893.06 896.11 17 0.19 3 0.33
CH05-030 AAO2760 896.11 899.16 Srm SM 896.11 899.16 7 0.04 1.24 0.27
CH05-030 AAO2761 899.16 902.21 Srm SM 899.16 902.21 7 0.04 1.24 0.27
CH05-030 AAO2762 902.21 905.26 Srm SM 902.21 905.26 7 0.04 1.24 0.27
CH05-030 AAO2763 905.26 908.30 Srm SM 1.67 14.93 905.26 908.30 13 0.11 1.83 0.17
363
CH05-030 AAO2764 908.30 911.35 Srm SM 908.30 911.35 13 0.11 1.83 0.17
CH05-030 AAO2765 911.35 914.40 Srm SM 911.35 914.40 13 0.11 1.83 0.17
CH05-030 AAO2766 914.40 917.45 Srm SM 914.40 917.45 3 0.07 1.62 0.26
CH05-030 AAO2767 917.45 920.50 Srm SM 917.45 920.50 3 0.07 1.62 0.26
CH05-030 AAO2768 920.50 923.54 Srm SM 920.50 923.54 3 0.07 1.62 0.26
CH05-030 AAO2769 923.54 926.59 Srm SM 923.54 926.59 13 0.07 1.57 0.17
CH05-030 AAO2770 926.59 929.64 Srm SM 926.59 929.64 13 0.07 1.57 0.17
CH05-030 AAO2771 929.64 932.69 Srm SM -0.22 18.05 929.64 932.69 13 0.07 1.57 0.17
CH05-030 AAO2772 932.69 935.74 Srm SM 932.69 935.74 21 0.43 4.55 0.43
CH05-030 AAO2773 935.74 938.78 Srm SM 935.74 938.78 21 0.43 4.55 0.43
CH05-030 AAO2774 938.78 941.83 Srm SM 938.78 941.83 21 0.43 4.55 0.43
CH05-030 AAO2775 941.83 944.88 Srm SM -0.35 20.55 941.83 944.88 11 0.02 1.24 0.15
CH05-030 AAO2776 944.88 947.93 Srm SM 944.88 947.93 11 0.02 1.24 0.15
CH05-030 AAO2777 947.93 950.98 Srm SM 947.93 950.98 11 0.02 1.24 0.15
CH05-030 AAO2780 950.98 954.02 Srm SM 950.98 954.02 8 0.03 2.11 0.2
CH05-030 AAO2781 954.02 957.07 Srm SM -0.99 18.26 954.02 957.07 8 0.03 2.11 0.2
CH05-030 AAO2782 957.07 960.12 Srm SM 957.07 960.12 8 0.03 2.11 0.2
CH05-030 AAO2783 960.12 963.17 Srm SM 960.12 963.17 63 2.33 22 1.69
CH05-030 AAO2784 963.17 966.22 Srm SM 963.17 966.22 63 2.33 22 1.69
CH05-030 AAO2785 966.22 969.26 Srm SM -0.85 11.24 966.22 969.26 63 2.33 22 1.69
CH05-030 AAO2786 969.26 972.31 Srm SM 969.26 972.31 15 0.12 3.75 0.27
CH05-030 AAO2787 972.31 975.36 Srm SM 972.31 975.36 15 0.12 3.75 0.27
CH05-030 AAO2444A 975.36 978.41 Srm SM 975.36 978.41 15 0.12 3.75 0.27
CH05-030 AAO2445A 978.41 981.46 Srm SM 0.07 19.02 978.41 981.46 16 0.04 2.58 0.13
CH05-030 AAO2446A 981.46 984.50 Srm SM 981.46 984.50 16 0.04 2.58 0.13
CH05-030 AAO2447A 984.50 987.55 Srm SM 984.50 987.55 16 0.04 2.58 0.13
364
CH05-030 AAO2448A 987.55 990.60 Srm SM 987.55 990.60 2 0.03 2.15 0.15
CH05-030 AAO2449A 990.60 993.65 Srm SM -0.02 17.50 990.60 993.65 2 0.03 2.15 0.15
CH05-030 AAO2450A 993.65 996.70 Srm SM 993.65 996.70 2 0.03 2.15 0.15
CH05-030 AAO2451A 996.70 999.74 Srm SM 996.70 999.74 8 0.03 2.41 0.12
CH05-030 AAO2452A 999.74 1002.79 Srm SM 999.74 1002.79 8 0.03 2.41 0.12
CH05-030 AAO2453A 1002.79 1005.84 Srm SM 0.02 21.42 1002.79 1005.84 8 0.03 2.41 0.12
CH05-030 AAO2454A 1005.84 1008.89 Srm SM 1005.84 1008.89 9 0.09 4.2 0.11
CH05-030 AAO2455A 1008.89 1011.94 Srm SM 1008.89 1011.94 9 0.09 4.2 0.11
CH05-030 AAO2456A 1011.94 1014.98 Srm SM 1011.94 1014.98 9 0.09 4.2 0.11
CH05-030 AAO2457A 1014.98 1018.03 Srm SM 0.56 17.63 1014.98 1018.03 3 0.07 3.31 0.11
CH05-030 AAO2458A 1018.03 1021.08 Srm SM 1018.03 1021.08 3 0.07 3.31 0.11
CH05-030 AAO2459A 1021.08 1024.13 Srm SM 1021.08 1024.13 3 0.07 3.31 0.11
CH05-030 AAO2460A 1024.13 1027.18 Srm SM 1024.13 1027.18 10 0.06 3.49 0.08
CH05-030 AAO2461A 1027.18 1030.22 Srm SM -0.38 16.28 1027.18 1030.22 10 0.06 3.49 0.08
CH05-030 AAO2462A 1030.22 1033.27 Srm SM 1030.22 1033.27 10 0.06 3.49 0.08
CH05-030 AAO2463A 1033.27 1036.32 Srm SM 1033.27 1036.32 13 0.07 4.86 0.09
CH05-030 AAO2464A 1036.32 1039.37 Srm SM 1036.32 1039.37 13 0.07 4.86 0.09
CH05-030 AAO2465A 1039.37 1042.42 Srm SM -0.96 18.97 1039.37 1042.42 13 0.07 4.86 0.09
CH05-030 AAO2466A 1042.42 1045.46 Srm SM 1042.42 1045.46 7 0.12 6.52 0.13
CH05-030 AAO2467A 1045.46 1048.51 Srm SM 1045.46 1048.51 7 0.12 6.52 0.13
CH05-030 AAO2468A 1048.51 1051.56 Srm SM 1048.51 1051.56 7 0.12 6.52 0.13
CH05-030 AAO2469A 1051.56 1054.61 Srm SM -1.69 15.15 1051.56 1054.61 16 0.18 6.63 0.12
CH05-030 AAO2470A 1054.61 1057.66 Srm SM 1054.61 1057.66 16 0.18 6.63 0.12
CH05-030 AAO2471A 1057.66 1060.70 Srm SM 1057.66 1060.70 16 0.18 6.63 0.12
CH05-030 AAO2472A 1060.70 1063.75 Srm SM 1060.70 1063.75 13 0.25 6.43 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2473A 1063.75 1066.80 Srm SM -1.55 12.42 1063.75 1066.80 13 0.25 6.43 0.07
365
CH05-030 AAO2474A 1066.80 1069.85 Srm SM 1066.80 1069.85 13 0.25 6.43 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2475A 1069.85 1072.90 Srm SM 1069.85 1072.90 16 0.39 7.9 0.11
CH05-030 AAO2476A 1072.90 1075.94 Srm SM 1072.90 1075.94 16 0.39 7.9 0.11
CH05-030 AAO2477A 1075.94 1078.99 Srm SL -1.72 10.85 1075.94 1078.99 16 0.39 7.9 0.11
CH05-030 AAO2478A 1078.99 1082.04 Srm SL 1078.99 1082.04 49 0.72 8.76 0.28
CH05-030 AAO2479A 1082.04 1085.09 Srm SL 1082.04 1085.09 49 0.72 8.76 0.28
CH05-030 AAO2480A 1085.09 1088.14 Srm SL 1085.09 1088.14 49 0.72 8.76 0.28
CH05-030 AAO2481A 1088.14 1091.18 Srm SL -1.79 16.27 1088.14 1091.18 33 1.31 6.51 0.17
CH05-030 AAO2482A 1091.18 1094.23 Ohc DO 1091.18 1094.23 33 1.31 6.51 0.17
CH05-030 AAO2483A 1094.23 1097.28 Ohc DO 1094.23 1097.28 33 1.31 6.51 0.17
CH05-030 AAO2484A 1097.28 1100.33 Ohc DO 1097.28 1100.33 3 0.06 1.27 0.03
CH05-030 AAO2485A 1100.33 1103.38 Ohc DO 1100.33 1103.38 3 0.06 1.27 0.03
CH05-030 AAO2486A 1103.38 1106.42 Ohc DO 1103.38 1106.42 3 0.06 1.27 0.03
CH05-030 AAO2487A 1106.42 1109.47 Ohc DO 1106.42 1109.47 11 0.04 1.36 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2488A 1109.47 1112.52 Ohc DO 1109.47 1112.52 11 0.04 1.36 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2489A 1112.52 1115.57 Ohc DO 0.73 22.55 1112.52 1115.57 11 0.04 1.36 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2490A 1115.57 1118.62 Ohc IU 1115.57 1118.62 78 0.19 6.26 0.18
CH05-030 AAO2491A 1118.62 1121.66 Ohc IU 1118.62 1121.66 78 0.19 6.26 0.18
CH05-030 AAO2492A 1121.66 1124.71 Ohc DO 1121.66 1124.71 78 0.19 6.26 0.18
CH05-030 AAO2493A 1124.71 1127.76 Ohc IU -0.13 15.59 1124.71 1127.76 16 0.07 2.2 0.06
CH05-030 AAO2494A 1127.76 1130.81 Ohc DO 1127.76 1130.81 16 0.07 2.2 0.06
CH05-030 AAO2495A 1130.81 1133.86 Ohc SM 1130.81 1133.86 16 0.07 2.2 0.06
CH05-030 AAO2496A 1133.86 1136.90 Ohc SM 1133.86 1136.90 6 0.03 1.19 0.03
CH05-030 AAO2497A 1136.90 1139.95 Ohc SM 0.40 17.36 1136.90 1139.95 6 0.03 1.19 0.03
CH05-030 AAO2498A 1139.95 1143.00 Ohc SM 1139.95 1143.00 6 0.03 1.19 0.03
CH05-030 AAO2499A 1143.00 1146.05 Ohc SM 1143.00 1146.05 2 0.03 2.31 0.07
366
CH05-030 AAO2500A 1146.05 1149.10 Ohc SM 1146.05 1149.10 2 0.03 2.31 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2501A 1149.10 1152.14 Ohc SM 0.43 10.62 1149.10 1152.14 2 0.03 2.31 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2502A 1152.14 1155.19 Ohc SM 1152.14 1155.19 27 0.38 3.15 0.24
CH05-030 AAO2503A 1155.19 1158.24 Ohc SM 1155.19 1158.24 27 0.38 3.15 0.24
CH05-030 AAO2504A 1158.24 1161.29 Ohc DO 1158.24 1161.29 27 0.38 3.15 0.24
CH05-030 AAO2505A 1161.29 1164.34 Ohc DO -0.48 16.38 1161.29 1164.34 9 0.21 3.68 0.16
CH05-030 AAO2506A 1164.34 1167.38 Ohc DO 1164.34 1167.38 9 0.21 3.68 0.16
CH05-030 AAO2507A 1167.38 1170.43 Ohc DO 1167.38 1170.43 9 0.21 3.68 0.16
CH05-030 AAO2508A 1170.43 1173.48 Ohc DO 1170.43 1173.48 9 0.09 1.38 0.08
CH05-030 AAO2509A 1173.48 1176.53 Ohc DO 1173.48 1176.53 9 0.09 1.38 0.08
CH05-030 AAO2510A 1176.53 1179.58 Ohc DO 1176.53 1179.58 9 0.09 1.38 0.08
CH05-030 AAO2511A 1179.58 1182.62 Ohc DO 1179.58 1182.62 12 0.09 2.07 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2512A 1182.62 1185.67 Ohc DO 1182.62 1185.67 12 0.09 2.07 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2513A 1185.67 1188.72 Ohc DO 1185.67 1188.72 12 0.09 2.07 0.07
CH05-030 AAO2514A 1188.72 1191.77 Ohc DO 1188.72 1191.77 16 0.46 12.05 0.03
CH05-030 AAO2515A 1191.77 1194.82 Ohc DO 1191.77 1194.82 16 0.46 12.05 0.03
CH05-030 AAO2516A 1194.82 1197.86 Ohc DO 1194.82 1197.86 16 0.46 12.05 0.03
CH05-030 AAO2517A 1197.86 1200.91 Ohc DO -1.35 18.74 1197.86 1200.91 20 0.23 7.13 0.05
CH05-030 AAO2518A 1200.91 1203.96 Ohc DO 1200.91 1203.96 20 0.23 7.13 0.05
CH05-030 AAO2519A 1203.96 1207.01 Ohc DO 1203.96 1207.01 20 0.23 7.13 0.05
CH05-030 AAO2520A 1207.01 1210.06 Ohc DO 1207.01 1210.06 5 0.06 1.46 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2521A 1210.06 1213.10 Ohc DO -0.68 23.79 1210.06 1213.10 5 0.06 1.46 0.02
CH05-030 AAO2522A 1213.10 1216.15 Ohc DO
CH05-030 AAO2523A 1216.15 1219.20 Ohc DO
CH05-030 AAO2524A 1219.20 1222.25 Ohc DO
CH05-030 AAO2525A 1222.25 1225.30 Ohc DO
367
DC-093 AAA8325 548.64 551.69 Dwb CS 548.64 551.69 13 0.58 0.14 1.03
DC-093 AAA8326 551.69 554.74 Dwb CS 551.69 554.74 13 0.58 0.14 1.03
DC-093 AAA8327 554.74 557.78 Dwb CS 554.74 557.78 13 0.58 0.14 1.03
DC-093 AAA8328 557.78 560.83 Dwb CS 557.78 560.83 106 4.05 0.5 0.82
DC-093 AAA8329 560.83 563.88 Unk HF 560.83 563.88 106 4.05 0.5 0.82
DC-093 AAA8330 563.88 566.93 Dwb HF 563.88 566.93 106 4.05 0.5 0.82
DC-093 AAA8331 566.93 569.98 Dwb HF 566.93 569.98 116 6.53 1.76 0.24
DC-093 AAA8332 569.98 573.02 Dwb HF 569.98 573.02 116 6.53 1.76 0.24
DC-093 AAA8333 573.02 576.07 Unk HF 573.02 576.07 116 6.53 1.76 0.24
DC-093 AAA8334 576.07 579.12 Unk HF 576.07 579.12 135 28 2.27 2.04
DC-093 AAA8335 579.12 582.17 Unk CS 579.12 582.17 135 28 2.27 2.04
DC-093 AAA8336 582.17 585.22 Unk CS 582.17 585.22 135 28 2.27 2.04
368
DC-093 AAA8337 585.22 588.26 Unk LS 585.22 588.26 44 10.45 1.56 0.21
DC-093 AAA8338 588.26 591.31 Unk LS 588.26 591.31 44 10.45 1.56 0.21
DC-093 AAA8339 591.31 594.36 Unk LS 591.31 594.36 44 10.45 1.56 0.21
DC-093 AAA8340 594.36 597.41 Unk LS 0.47 7.30
DC-093 AAA8341 597.41 600.46 Unk LS
DC-093 AAA8344 600.46 603.50 Unk LS -0.39 6.39
DC-093 AAA8345 603.50 606.55 Unk SK 603.50 606.55 1340 374 12.4 0.66
DC-093 AAA8346 606.55 609.60 Unk SK 606.55 609.60 1340 374 12.4 0.66
DC-093 AAA8347 609.60 612.65 Unk LS 609.60 612.65 1340 374 12.4 0.66
DC-093 AAA8348 612.65 615.70 Unk LS 612.65 615.70 174 131 11.1 1.21
DC-093 AAA8349 615.70 618.74 Dwb HF 615.70 618.74 174 131 11.1 1.21
DC-093 AAA8350 618.74 621.79 Dwb HF 618.74 621.79 174 131 11.1 1.21
DC-093 AAA8351 621.79 624.84 Dwb HF 621.79 624.84 188 61.2 9.92 2.76
DC-093 AAA8352 624.84 627.89 Dwb HF 624.84 627.89 188 61.2 9.92 2.76
DC-093 AAA8353 627.89 630.94 Srm HF 627.89 630.94 188 61.2 9.92 2.76
DC-093 AAA8354 630.94 633.98 Srm SL 630.94 633.98 766 77.6 8.43 22.8
DC-093 AAA8355 633.98 637.03 Srm SL 633.98 637.03 766 77.6 8.43 22.8
DC-093 AAA8356 637.03 640.08 Srm SL 637.03 640.08 766 77.6 8.43 22.8
DC-093 AAA8357 640.08 643.13 Srm SL 640.08 643.13 4980 112 9.03 24.1
DC-093 AAA8358 643.13 646.18 Srm SL 643.13 646.18 4980 112 9.03 24.1
DC-093 AAA8359 646.18 649.22 Unk SL 646.18 649.22 4980 112 9.03 24.1
DC-093 AAA8360 649.22 652.27 Unk SL -3.18 18.70
DC-093 AAA8361 652.27 655.32 Unk SL
DC-093 AAA8362 655.32 658.37 Unk SL -2.42 19.01
DC-093 AAA8365 658.37 661.42 Unk SL
DC-093 AAA8366 661.42 664.46 Unk SL -2.41 19.37
369
DC-093 AAA8367 664.46 667.51 Unk SL

DC-093 AAA8368 667.51 670.56 Unk SL -2.43 18.86
DC-093 AAA8369 670.56 673.61 Unk SL
DC-093 AAA8370 673.61 676.66 Unk SL
DC-093 AAA8371 676.66 679.70 Unk SL
DC-093 AAA8372 679.70 682.75 Unk SL -3.50 21.73
DC-093 AAA8373 682.75 685.80 Unk SL
DC-093 AAA8374 685.80 688.85 Unk SL -3.77 17.80
DC-093 AAA8375 688.85 691.90 Unk SL
DC-093 AAA8376 691.90 694.94 Unk SL -4.00 17.45
DC-093 AAA8377 694.94 697.99 Unk SL
DC-093 AAA8378 697.99 701.04 Unk SL -2.91 11.03
DC-093 AAA8379 701.04 704.09 Unk SL
DC-093 AAA8380 704.09 707.14 Unk SL -2.72 15.58
DC-093 AAA8381 707.14 710.18 Unk SL
DC-093 AAA8382 710.18 713.23 Unk SL -3.54 11.15
DC-093 AAA8383 713.23 716.28 Srm CS
DC-093 AAA8384 716.28 719.33 Unk CS -3.36 11.64
DC-093 AAA8385 719.33 722.38 Unk CS
DC-093 AAA8386 722.38 725.42 Unk CS -4.08 12.33
DC-093 AAA8387 725.42 728.47 Unk CS
DC-093 AAA8388 728.47 731.52 Unk CS -2.22 17.56
DC-093 AAA8389 731.52 734.57 Unk CS
DC-093 AAA8390 734.57 737.62 Unk CS -1.50 17.81
DC-093 AAA8391 737.62 740.66 Unk CS
DC-093 AAA8392 740.66 743.71 Unk CS -2.43 17.83
370
DC-093 AAA8395 743.71 746.76 Unk CS

DC-093 AAA8396 746.76 749.81 Unk CS -2.27 19.87
DC-093 AAA8397 749.81 752.86 Unk CS
DC-093 AAA8398 752.86 755.90 Unk CS -2.42 14.37
DC-093 AAA8399 755.90 758.95 Srm MB
DC-093 AAA8400 758.95 762.00 Srm MB -2.84 12.18
DC-093 AAA8401 762.00 765.05 Srm MB
DC-093 AAA8402 765.05 768.10 Srm MB -2.55 12.74
DC-093 AAA8403 768.10 771.14 Srm MB
DC-093 AAA8404 771.14 774.19 Srm MB -1.36 9.73
DC-093 AAA8405 774.19 777.24 Srm MB
DC-093 AAA8406 777.24 780.29 Srm MB
DC-093 AAA8407 780.29 783.34 Srm CS
DC-093 AAA8408 783.34 786.38 Srm CS -2.58 0.06
DC-093 AAA8409 786.38 789.43 Srm CS
DC-093 AAA8410 789.43 792.48 Srm CS -1.82 10.43
DC-093 AAA8411 792.48 795.53 Srm CS
DC-093 AAA8412 795.53 798.58 Srm CS -1.71 19.67
DC-093 AAA8413 798.58 801.62 Srm CS
DC-093 AAA8414 801.62 804.67 Srm CS -1.92 16.51
DC-093 AAA8415 804.67 807.72 Srm CS
DC-093 AAA8416 807.72 810.77 Srm CS -2.20 16.15
DC-093 AAA8417 810.77 813.82 Srm CS
DC-093 AAA8418 813.82 816.86 Srm CS -2.10 18.84
DC-093 AAA8419 816.86 819.91 Srm SL
DC-093 AAA8420 819.91 822.96 Srm SL -1.81 17.60
371
DC-093 AAA8421 822.96 826.01 Srm SL

DC-093 AAA8422 826.01 829.06 Srm SL -1.60 18.33
DC-093 AAA8423 829.06 832.10 Srm CS
DC-093 AAA8424 832.10 835.15 Srm CS
DC-093 AAA8425 835.15 838.20 Srm CS
DC-093 AAA8426 838.20 841.25 Srm CS
DC-093 AAA8427 841.25 844.30 Srm CS
DC-093 AAA8428 844.30 847.34 Srm CS -1.66 21.09
DC-093 AAA8429 847.34 850.39 Srm CS
DC-093 AAA8432 850.39 853.44 Srm SL -0.83 17.98
DC-093 AAA8433 853.44 856.49 Srm SL
DC-093 AAA8434 856.49 859.54 Srm SL -0.71 19.38
DC-093 AAA8435 859.54 862.58 Srm SL
DC-093 AAA8436 862.58 865.63 Srm SL -1.28 16.01
DC-093 AAA8437 865.63 868.68 Srm SL
DC-093 AAA8438 868.68 871.73 Srm SL -1.14 15.38
DC-093 AAA8439 871.73 874.78 Srm SL
DC-093 AAA8440 874.78 877.82 Srm SL -1.07 13.99
DC-093 AAA8441 877.82 880.87 Srm SL
DC-093 AAA8442 880.87 883.92 Srm SL -0.62 13.82
DC-093 AAA8443 883.92 886.97 Srm SL
DC-093 AAA8444 886.97 890.02 Srm SL -0.54 15.08
DC-093 AAA8445 890.02 893.06 Srm SL
DC-093 AAA8446 893.06 896.11 Srm SL 0.63 14.51
DC-093 AAA8447 896.11 899.16 Srm SL
DC-093 AAA8448 899.16 902.21 Srm SL
372
DC-093 AAA8449 902.21 905.26 Srm SL

DC-093 AAA8450 905.26 908.30 Srm SL
DC-093 AAA8451 908.30 911.35 Srm SL
DC-093 AAA8452 911.35 914.40 Srm SL -0.53 12.84
DC-208 AAW0188 0.00 3.05 Tqa AL 0.00 3.05 24 0.07
DC-208 AAW0189 3.05 6.10 Tqa AL 3.05 6.10 24 0.07
DC-208 AAW0190 6.10 9.14 Tqa AL 6.10 9.14 20 0.31
DC-208 AAW0191 9.14 12.19 Tqa AL 9.14 12.19 20 0.31
DC-208 AAW0192 12.19 15.24 Tqa AL 12.19 15.24 31 0.16
DC-208 AAW0193 15.24 18.29 Tqa AL 15.24 18.29 31 0.16
DC-208 AAW0194 18.29 21.34 Tqa AL 18.29 21.34 36 0.11
DC-208 AAW0195 21.34 24.38 Tqa CG 21.34 24.38 36 0.11
DC-208 AAW0196 24.38 27.43 Tqa CG 24.38 27.43 20 0.1
DC-208 AAW0197 27.43 30.48 Tqa CG 27.43 30.48 20 0.1
DC-208 AAW0199 30.48 33.53 Tqa CG 30.48 33.53 21 0.06
DC-208 AAW0200 33.53 36.58 Tqa CG 33.53 36.58 21 0.06
373
DC-208 AAW0201 36.58 39.62 Tqa CG 36.58 39.62 22 0.05

DC-208 AAW0202 39.62 42.67 Tqa CG 39.62 42.67 22 0.05
DC-208 AAW0203 42.67 45.72 Tqa CG 42.67 45.72 20 0.07
DC-208 AAW0204 45.72 48.77 Tqa CG 45.72 48.77 20 0.07
DC-208 AAW0205 48.77 51.82 Tqa CG 48.77 51.82 23 0.06
DC-208 AAW0206 51.82 54.86 Tqa CG 51.82 54.86 23 0.06
DC-208 AAW0207 54.86 57.91 Tqa CG 54.86 57.91 24 0.05
DC-208 AAW0208 57.91 60.96 Tqa CG 57.91 60.96 24 0.05
DC-208 AAW0210 60.96 64.01 TF TF 60.96 64.01 23 0.05
DC-208 AAW0211 64.01 67.06 TF TF 64.01 67.06 23 0.05
DC-208 AAW0212 67.06 70.10 TF TF 67.06 70.10 29 0.06
DC-208 AAW0213 70.10 73.15 TF TF 70.10 73.15 29 0.06
DC-208 AAW0214 73.15 76.20 Tqa CG 73.15 76.20 27 0.06
DC-208 AAW0215 76.20 79.25 Tqa CG 76.20 79.25 27 0.06
DC-208 AAW0216 79.25 82.30 Tqa CG 79.25 82.30 56.9 0.29
DC-208 AAW0217 82.30 85.34 Tqa CG 82.30 85.34 56.9 0.29
DC-208 AAW0218 85.34 88.39 Tqa CG 85.34 88.39 16.9 0.06
DC-208 AAW0219 88.39 91.44 Tqa CG 88.39 91.44 16.9 0.06
DC-208 AAW0221 91.44 94.49 Tqa CG 91.44 94.49 20 0.07
DC-208 AAW0222 94.49 97.54 Tqa CG 94.49 97.54 20 0.07
DC-208 AAW0223 97.54 100.58 Tqa CG 97.54 100.58 32.5 0.14
DC-208 AAW0224 100.58 103.63 Tqa CG 100.58 103.63 32.5 0.14
DC-208 AAW0225 103.63 106.68 Tqa CG 103.63 106.68 47 0.36
DC-208 AAW0226 106.68 109.73 Tqa CG 106.68 109.73 47 0.36
DC-208 AAW0227 109.73 112.78 Tqa CG 109.73 112.78 26.6 0.08
DC-208 AAW0228 112.78 115.82 Tqa CG 112.78 115.82 26.6 0.08
374
DC-208 AAW0229 115.82 118.87 Tqa CG 115.82 118.87 25.4 0.09

DC-208 AAW0230 118.87 121.92 Tqa CG 118.87 121.92 25.4 0.09
DC-208 AAW0232 121.92 124.97 Tqa CG 121.92 124.97 35.2 0.14
DC-208 AAW0233 124.97 128.02 Tqa CG 124.97 128.02 35.2 0.14
DC-208 AAW0234 128.02 131.06 Tqa CG 128.02 131.06 26.3 0.14
DC-208 AAW0235 131.06 134.11 Tqa CG 131.06 134.11 26.3 0.14
DC-208 AAW0236 134.11 137.16 Tqa CG 134.11 137.16 44.4 0.16
DC-208 AAW0237 137.16 140.21 Tqa CG 137.16 140.21 44.4 0.16
DC-208 AAW0238 140.21 143.26 Tqa CG 140.21 143.26 30.9 0.11
DC-208 AAW0239 143.26 146.30 Tqa CG 143.26 146.30 30.9 0.11
DC-208 AAW0240 146.30 149.35 Tqa CG 146.30 149.35 88.6 0.2
DC-208 AAW0241 149.35 152.40 Tqa CG 149.35 152.40 88.6 0.2
DC-208 AAW0243 152.40 155.45 Tqa CG 152.40 155.45 55.3 0.21
DC-208 AAW0244 155.45 158.50 Tqa CG 155.45 158.50 55.3 0.21
DC-208 AAW0245 158.50 161.54 Tqa CG 158.50 161.54 100.5 0.29
DC-208 AAW0246 161.54 164.59 Tqa CG 161.54 164.59 100.5 0.29
DC-208 AAW0247 164.59 167.64 Tqa CG 164.59 167.64 176 0.35
DC-208 AAW0248 167.64 170.69 Tqa CG 167.64 170.69 176 0.35
DC-208 AAW0249 170.69 173.74 Tqa CG 170.69 173.74 133.5 0.24
DC-208 AAW0250 173.74 176.78 Tqa CG 173.74 176.78 133.5 0.24
DC-208 AAW0251 176.78 179.83 Tqa CG 176.78 179.83 134.5 0.29
DC-208 AAW0252 179.83 182.88 Tqa CG 179.83 182.88 134.5 0.29
DC-208 AAW0254 182.88 185.93 Tqa CG 182.88 185.93 95.8 0.17
DC-208 AAW0255 185.93 188.98 Tqa CG 185.93 188.98 95.8 0.17
DC-208 AAW0256 188.98 192.02 Tqa CG 188.98 192.02 65.2 0.1
DC-208 AAW0257 192.02 195.07 Tqa CG 192.02 195.07 65.2 0.1
375
DC-208 AAW0258 195.07 198.12 Tqa CG 195.07 198.12 30 0.05

DC-208 AAW0259 198.12 201.17 Tqa CG 198.12 201.17 30 0.05
DC-208 AAW0260 201.17 204.22 Tqa CG 201.17 204.22 43 0.2
DC-208 AAW0261 204.22 207.26 Dwb CS 204.22 207.26 43 0.2
DC-208 AAW0262 207.26 210.31 Dwb CS 207.26 210.31 76 0.26
DC-208 AAW0263 210.31 213.36 Dwb CS 210.31 213.36 76 0.26
DC-208 AAW0265 213.36 216.41 Dwb CS -0.21 22.06 213.36 216.41 150 0.27
DC-208 AAW0266 216.41 219.46 Dwb SM 216.41 219.46 150 0.27
DC-208 AAW0267 219.46 222.50 Dwb SM 219.46 222.50 172 0.28
DC-208 AAW0268 222.50 225.55 Dwb SM 0.35 23.10 222.50 225.55 172 0.28
DC-208 AAW0269 225.55 228.60 Dwb SM 225.55 228.60 32 0.07
DC-208 AAW0270 228.60 231.65 Dwb SM 228.60 231.65 32 0.07
DC-208 AAW0271 231.65 234.70 Dwb SM 0.07 23.25 231.65 234.70 45 0.04
DC-208 AAW0272 234.70 237.74 Dwb SM 234.70 237.74 45 0.04
DC-208 AAW0273 237.74 240.79 Dwb CS 237.74 240.79 91 0.07
DC-208 AAW0274 240.79 243.84 Dwb CS -0.17 20.04 240.79 243.84 91 0.07
DC-208 AAW0276 243.84 246.89 Dwb CS 243.84 246.89 231 0.19
DC-208 AAW0277 246.89 249.94 Dwb CS 246.89 249.94 231 0.19
DC-208 AAW0278 249.94 252.98 Dwb SM -1.08 17.38 249.94 252.98 36 0.03
DC-208 AAW0279 252.98 256.03 Dwb SM 252.98 256.03 36 0.03
DC-208 AAW0280 256.03 259.08 Dwb SM 256.03 259.08 66 0.07
DC-208 AAW0281 259.08 262.13 Dwb SM 0.46 22.15 259.08 262.13 66 0.07
DC-208 AAW0282 262.13 265.18 Dwb SM -0.55 21.67 262.13 265.18 37 0.06
DC-208 AAW0283 265.18 268.22 Dwb SM 265.18 268.22 37 0.06
DC-208 AAW0284 268.22 271.27 Dwb SM 0.37 22.75 268.22 271.27 42 0.05
DC-208 AAW0285 271.27 274.32 Dwb SM 271.27 274.32 42 0.05
376
DC-208 AAW0287 274.32 277.37 Dwb SM 274.32 277.37 61 0.05

DC-208 AAW0288 277.37 280.42 Dwb SM -0.20 23.04 277.37 280.42 61 0.05
DC-208 AAW0289 280.42 283.46 Dwb SM 280.42 283.46 90 0.16
DC-208 AAW0290 283.46 286.51 Dwb SM 283.46 286.51 90 0.16
DC-208 AAW0291 286.51 289.56 Dwb SM -0.84 22.39 286.51 289.56 100 0.09
DC-208 AAW0292 289.56 292.61 Dwb CS 289.56 292.61 100 0.09
DC-208 AAW0293 292.61 295.66 Dwb CS 292.61 295.66 80 0.08
DC-208 AAW0294 295.66 298.70 Dwb SM -0.12 24.07 295.66 298.70 80 0.08
DC-208 AAW0295 298.70 301.75 Dwb SM 298.70 301.75 108 0.12
DC-208 AAW0296 301.75 304.80 Dwb SM 301.75 304.80 108 0.12
DC-208 AAW0298 304.80 307.85 Dwb CS 0.56 17.37 304.80 307.85 112 0.25
DC-208 AAW0299 307.85 310.90 Dwb CS 307.85 310.90 112 0.25
DC-208 AAW0300 310.90 313.94 Dwb CS 310.90 313.94 80 0.1
DC-208 AAW0301 313.94 316.99 Dwb CS 0.44 23.30 313.94 316.99 80 0.1
DC-208 AAW0302 316.99 320.04 Dwb CS 316.99 320.04 77 0.16
DC-208 AAW0303 320.04 323.09 Dwb CS 320.04 323.09 77 0.16
DC-208 AAW0304 323.09 326.14 Dwb CS 323.09 326.14 61 0.12
DC-208 AAW0305 326.14 329.18 Dwb CS 326.14 329.18 61 0.12
DC-208 AAW0306 329.18 332.23 Dwb CS 329.18 332.23 66 0.12
DC-208 AAW0307 332.23 335.28 Dwb CS 332.23 335.28 66 0.12
DC-208 AAW0309 335.28 338.33 Dwb CS 335.28 338.33 43 0.11
DC-208 AAW0310 338.33 341.38 Dwb CS 338.33 341.38 43 0.11
DC-208 AAW0311 341.38 344.42 Dwb CS 341.38 344.42 44 0.2
DC-208 AAW0312 344.42 347.47 Dwb CS 344.42 347.47 44 0.2
DC-208 AAW0313 347.47 350.52 Dwb CS 347.47 350.52 79 0.27
DC-208 AAW0314 350.52 353.57 Dwb CS 0.22 19.51 350.52 353.57 79 0.27
377
DC-208 AAW0315 353.57 356.62 Dwb CS 353.57 356.62 58 0.24

DC-208 AAW0316 356.62 359.66 Dwb CS 356.62 359.66 58 0.24
DC-208 AAW0317 359.66 362.71 Dwb SM -0.13 16.69 359.66 362.71 68 0.36
DC-208 AAW0318 362.71 365.76 Dwb SM 362.71 365.76 68 0.36
DC-208 AAW0320 365.76 368.81 Dwb CS 365.76 368.81 94 0.35
DC-208 AAW0321 368.81 371.86 Dwb CS 0.27 20.49 368.81 371.86 94 0.35
DC-208 AAW0322 371.86 374.90 Dwb CS 371.86 374.90 36 0.23
DC-208 AAW0323 374.90 377.95 Dwb CS 374.90 377.95 36 0.23
DC-208 AAW0324 377.95 381.00 Dwb CS -1.48 16.88 377.95 381.00 46 0.27
DC-208 AAW0325 381.00 384.05 Dwb CS 381.00 384.05 46 0.27
DC-208 AAW0326 384.05 387.10 Dwb SL 384.05 387.10 65 0.16
DC-208 AAW0327 387.10 390.14 Dwb SL -1.83 19.28 387.10 390.14 65 0.16
DC-208 AAW0328 390.14 393.19 Dwb SL 390.14 393.19 59 0.11
DC-208 AAW0329 393.19 396.24 Dwb SL 393.19 396.24 59 0.11
DC-208 AAW0331 396.24 399.29 Dwb SL -1.22 13.29 396.24 399.29 42 0.06
DC-208 AAW0332 399.29 402.34 Dwb SL 399.29 402.34 42 0.06
DC-208 AAW0333 402.34 405.38 Dwb SL 402.34 405.38 95 0.15
DC-208 AAW0334 405.38 408.43 Dwb SL 1.86 13.78 405.38 408.43 95 0.15
DC-208 AAW0335 408.43 411.48 Dwb SL 408.43 411.48 72 0.17
DC-208 AAW0336 411.48 414.53 Dwb SL 411.48 414.53 72 0.17
DC-208 AAW0337 414.53 417.58 Dwb CS -0.00 17.41 414.53 417.58 51 0.17
DC-208 AAW0338 417.58 420.62 Dwb CS 417.58 420.62 51 0.17
DC-208 AAW0339 420.62 423.67 Int QP 420.62 423.67 251 0.57
DC-208 AAW0340 423.67 426.72 Int QP 423.67 426.72 251 0.57
DC-208 AAW0342 426.72 429.77 Dwb CS -1.08 17.02 426.72 429.77 91 0.27
DC-208 AAW0343 429.77 432.82 Dwb CS 429.77 432.82 91 0.27
378
DC-208 AAW0344 432.82 435.86 Dwb CS -0.50 15.27 432.82 435.86 76 0.27
DC-208 AAW0345 435.86 438.91 Dwb CS 435.86 438.91 76 0.27
DC-208 AAW0346 438.91 441.96 Dwb CS 438.91 441.96 225 0.32
DC-208 AAW0347 441.96 445.01 Dwb CS 0.21 18.94 441.96 445.01 225 0.32
DC-208 AAW0348 445.01 448.06 Dwb CS 445.01 448.06 99 0.43
DC-208 AAW0349 448.06 451.10 Dwb SL 448.06 451.10 99 0.43
DC-208 AAW0350 451.10 454.15 Dwb SL 0.40 19.54 451.10 454.15 107 0.32
DC-208 AAW0351 454.15 457.20 Dwb SM 454.15 457.20 107 0.32
DC-208 AAW0353 457.20 460.25 Dwb SM 457.20 460.25 69 0.26
DC-208 AAW0354 460.25 463.30 Dwb SM 0.05 20.82 460.25 463.30 69 0.26
DC-208 AAW0355 463.30 466.34 Dwb SM 463.30 466.34 57 0.27
DC-208 AAW0356 466.34 469.39 Dwb SM 466.34 469.39 57 0.27
DC-208 AAW0357 469.39 472.44 Dwb SM -1.83 16.77 469.39 472.44 267 0.84
DC-208 AAW0358 472.44 475.49 Dwb SL 472.44 475.49 267 0.84
DC-208 AAW0359 475.49 478.54 Dwb CS 475.49 478.54 94 0.22
DC-208 AAW0360 478.54 481.58 Srm CS -0.98 15.32 478.54 481.58 94 0.22
DC-208 AAW0361 481.58 484.63 Srm CS 481.58 484.63 113 0.35
DC-208 AAW0362 484.63 487.68 Srm CS 484.63 487.68 113 0.35
DC-208 AAW0364 487.68 490.73 Srm CS -0.67 13.97 487.68 490.73 192 0.39
DC-208 AAW0365 490.73 493.78 Srm CS 490.73 493.78 192 0.39
DC-208 AAW0366 493.78 496.82 Srm CS 493.78 496.82 176 0.42
DC-208 AAW0367 496.82 499.87 Srm CS -3.60 16.20 496.82 499.87 176 0.42
DC-208 AAW0368 499.87 502.92 Srm CS 499.87 502.92 113 0.34
DC-208 AAW0369 502.92 505.97 Srm CS 502.92 505.97 113 0.34
DC-208 AAW0370 505.97 509.02 Srm CS -0.54 15.29 505.97 509.02 158 0.38
DC-208 AAW0371 509.02 512.06 Srm CS 509.02 512.06 158 0.38
379
DC-208 AAW0372 512.06 515.11 Srm CS 512.06 515.11 158 0.4

DC-208 AAW0373 515.11 518.16 Srm SM -0.86 15.48 515.11 518.16 158 0.4
DC-208 AAW0375 518.16 521.21 Srm SM 518.16 521.21 162 0.51
DC-208 AAW0376 521.21 524.26 Srm SM 521.21 524.26 162 0.51
DC-208 AAW0377 524.26 527.30 Srm SM 0.27 18.82 524.26 527.30 460 0.56
DC-208 AAW0378 527.30 530.35 Srm SL 527.30 530.35 460 0.56
DC-208 AAW0379 530.35 533.40 Srm SL 530.35 533.40 296 0.64
DC-208 AAW0380 533.40 536.45 Srm SM 1.94 15.29 533.40 536.45 296 0.64
DC-208 AAW0381 536.45 539.50 Srm SL 536.45 539.50 501 1.38
DC-208 AAW0382 539.50 542.54 Srm SL 539.50 542.54 501 1.38
DC-208 AAW0383 542.54 545.59 Srm SL 542.54 545.59 614 2.56
DC-208 AAW0384 545.59 548.64 Srm SL 545.59 548.64 614 2.56
DC-208 AAW0386 548.64 551.69 Srm SM 548.64 551.69 295 1.49
DC-208 AAW0387 551.69 554.74 Srm SM 551.69 554.74 295 1.49
DC-208 AAW0388 554.74 557.78 Int QP 554.74 557.78 307 0.96
DC-208 AAW0389 557.78 560.83 Srm CS 557.78 560.83 307 0.96
DC-208 AAW0390 560.83 563.88 Srm CS 560.83 563.88 374 1.5
DC-208 AAW0391 563.88 566.93 Srm CS 563.88 566.93 374 1.5
DC-208 AAW0392 566.93 569.98 Srm CS 566.93 569.98 349 1.42
DC-208 AAW0393 569.98 573.02 Srm CS 569.98 573.02 349 1.42
DC-208 AAW0394 573.02 576.07 Srm CS 573.02 576.07 388 1.56
DC-208 AAW0395 576.07 579.12 Srm CS 576.07 579.12 388 1.56
DC-208 AAX2148 846.58 848.26 Ohc DO
DC-208 AAX2149 848.26 849.48 Ohc CS -0.49 8.84
DC-208 AAX2150 849.48 851.76 Ohc CS
DC-208 AAX2151 851.76 852.89 Ohc CS -0.89 9.34
380
DC-208 AAX2152 852.89 855.57 Ohc CS

DC-208 AAX2214 855.57 858.62 Ohc CS
DC-208 AAX2215 858.62 861.67 Int QP
DC-210 AAW0001 0.00 3.05 Tqa CG 0.00 3.05 23 0.06 2.34 0.15
DC-210 AAW0002 3.05 6.10 Tqa CG 3.05 6.10 23 0.06 2.34 0.15
DC-210 AAW0003 6.10 9.14 Tqa CG 6.10 9.14 5 0.07 0.96 0.29
DC-210 AAW0004 9.14 12.19 Tqa CG 9.14 12.19 5 0.07 0.96 0.29
DC-210 - 12.19 15.24 Tqa CG 12.19 15.24 5 0.05 0.76 0.22
DC-210 AAW0006 15.24 18.29 Tqa CG 15.24 18.29 5 0.05 0.76 0.22
DC-210 AAW0007 18.29 21.34 Tqa TF 18.29 21.34 2 0.06 0.79 0.23
DC-210 AAW0008 21.34 24.38 Tqa TF 21.34 24.38 2 0.06 0.79 0.23
DC-210 AAW0009 24.38 27.43 Tqa TF 24.38 27.43 18 0.05 1 0.19
DC-210 AAW0011 27.43 30.48 Tqa CG 27.43 30.48 18 0.05 1 0.19
DC-210 AAW0012 30.48 33.53 Tqa CG 30.48 33.53 27 0.06 1.24 0.17
DC-210 AAW0013 33.53 36.58 Tqa CG 33.53 36.58 27 0.06 1.24 0.17
381
DC-210 AAW0014 36.58 39.62 Dwb SM -1.32 18.39 36.58 39.62 35 0.06 0.78 0.09
DC-210 AAW0015 39.62 42.67 Dwb SM 39.62 42.67 35 0.06 0.78 0.09
DC-210 AAW0016 42.67 45.72 Dwb SM 42.67 45.72 94 0.19 3.46 0.47
DC-210 AAW0017 45.72 48.77 Dwb SM 45.72 48.77 94 0.19 3.46 0.47
DC-210 AAW0018 48.77 51.82 Dwb SM -1.79 19.38 48.77 51.82 29 0.13 1.36 0.29
DC-210 AAW0019 51.82 54.86 Dwb SL 51.82 54.86 29 0.13 1.36 0.29
DC-210 AAW0020 54.86 57.91 Dwb SL 54.86 57.91 80 2.31 2.85 0.41
DC-210 AAW0022 57.91 60.96 Dwb SM 57.91 60.96 80 2.31 2.85 0.41
DC-210 AAW0023 60.96 64.01 Dwb SM -0.20 16.68 60.96 64.01 34 1.05 0.95 0.14
DC-210 AAW0024 64.01 67.06 Dwb SM 64.01 67.06 34 1.05 0.95 0.14
DC-210 AAW0025 67.06 70.10 Dwb SM 67.06 70.10 22 0.94 1.04 0.14
DC-210 AAW0026 70.10 73.15 Dwb SM 70.10 73.15 22 0.94 1.04 0.14
DC-210 AAW0027 73.15 76.20 Dwb SM -0.17 18.40 73.15 76.20 46 1.21 2.38 0.11
DC-210 AAW0028 76.20 79.25 Dwb SM 76.20 79.25 46 1.21 2.38 0.11
DC-210 AAW0029 79.25 82.30 Dwb SM 79.25 82.30 22 1.2 1.68 0.12
DC-210 AAW0030 82.30 85.34 Dwb SM 82.30 85.34 22 1.2 1.68 0.12
DC-210 AAW0031 85.34 88.39 Dwb SM -1.68 16.34 85.34 88.39 32 0.92 1.99 0.2
DC-210 AAW0033 88.39 91.44 Dwb SM 88.39 91.44 32 0.92 1.99 0.2
DC-210 AAW0034 91.44 94.49 Dwb SM 91.44 94.49 67 0.7 1.9 0.37
DC-210 AAW0035 94.49 97.54 Dwb SM 94.49 97.54 67 0.7 1.9 0.37
DC-210 AAW0036 97.54 100.58 Dwb SM -2.20 17.94 97.54 100.58 23 0.29 0.84 0.36
DC-210 AAW0037 100.58 103.63 Dwb SM 100.58 103.63 23 0.29 0.84 0.36
DC-210 AAW0038 103.63 106.68 Dwb SM 103.63 106.68 56 1.69 2.42 0.22
DC-210 AAW0039 106.68 109.73 Dwb SM 106.68 109.73 56 1.69 2.42 0.22
DC-210 AAW0040 109.73 112.78 Dwb SM -2.25 16.83 109.73 112.78 39 1.38 1.18 0.53
DC-210 AAW0041 112.78 115.82 Dwb SM 112.78 115.82 39 1.38 1.18 0.53
382
DC-210 AAW0042 115.82 118.87 Dwb SM 115.82 118.87 31 1.63 2.11 0.24
DC-210 AAW0044 118.87 121.92 Dwb SM 118.87 121.92 31 1.63 2.11 0.24
DC-210 AAW0045 121.92 124.97 Dwb SM -1.93 17.42 121.92 124.97 30 1 1.18 0.12
DC-210 AAW0046 124.97 128.02 Dwb SM 124.97 128.02 30 1 1.18 0.12
DC-210 AAW0047 128.02 131.06 Dwb SM 128.02 131.06 27 0.72 1.12 0.14
DC-210 AAW0048 131.06 134.11 Dwb SM 131.06 134.11 27 0.72 1.12 0.14
DC-210 AAW0049 134.11 137.16 Dwb SM 134.11 137.16 14 0.46 0.46 0.06
DC-210 AAW0050 137.16 140.21 Dwb SM 137.16 140.21 14 0.46 0.46 0.06
DC-210 AAW0051 140.21 143.26 Dwb SM 140.21 143.26 6 0.16 0.49 0.04
DC-210 AAW0052 143.26 146.30 Dwb CS 143.26 146.30 6 0.16 0.49 0.04
DC-210 AAW0053 146.30 149.35 Dwb CS 0.59 20.57 146.30 149.35 5 0.04 0.47 0.02
DC-210 AAW0055 149.35 152.40 Dwb CS 149.35 152.40 5 0.04 0.47 0.02
DC-210 AAW0056 152.40 155.45 Dwb CS 152.40 155.45 18 0.21 0.73 0.04
DC-210 AAW0057 155.45 158.50 Dwb CS 155.45 158.50 18 0.21 0.73 0.04
DC-210 AAW0058 158.50 161.54 Dwb CS 0.52 20.30 158.50 161.54 18 0.09 0.58 0.02
DC-210 AAW0059 161.54 164.59 Dwb CS 161.54 164.59 18 0.09 0.58 0.02
DC-210 AAW0060 164.59 167.64 Dwb CS 164.59 167.64 19 0.12 0.66 0.02
DC-210 AAW0061 167.64 170.69 Dwb CS 167.64 170.69 19 0.12 0.66 0.02
DC-210 AAW0062 170.69 173.74 Dwb CS 0.18 21.00 170.69 173.74 29 0.14 0.59 0.08
DC-210 AAW0063 173.74 176.78 Dwb CS 173.74 176.78 29 0.14 0.59 0.08
DC-210 AAW0064 176.78 179.83 Dwb CS 176.78 179.83 33 0.5 0.53 0.03
DC-210 AAW0066 179.83 182.88 Dwb CS 179.83 182.88 33 0.5 0.53 0.03
DC-210 AAW0067 182.88 185.93 Dwb CS 0.40 19.00 182.88 185.93 20 0.06 0.35 0.07
DC-210 AAW0068 185.93 188.98 Dwb CS 185.93 188.98 20 0.06 0.35 0.07
DC-210 AAW0069 188.98 192.02 Dwb CS 188.98 192.02 21 0.03 0.4 0.14
DC-210 AAW0070 192.02 195.07 Dwb CS 192.02 195.07 21 0.03 0.4 0.14
383
DC-210 AAW0071 195.07 198.12 Dwb CS -0.28 21.30 195.07 198.12 28 0.17 0.46 0.45
DC-210 AAW0072 198.12 201.17 Dwb CS 198.12 201.17 28 0.17 0.46 0.45
DC-210 AAW0073 201.17 204.22 Dwb CS 201.17 204.22 16 0.17 0.2 0.36
DC-210 AAW0074 204.22 207.26 Dwb CS 204.22 207.26 16 0.17 0.2 0.36
DC-210 AAW0075 207.26 210.31 Dwb CS -0.94 16.80 207.26 210.31 30 0.16 0.19 0.2
DC-210 AAW0077 210.31 213.36 Dwb CS 210.31 213.36 30 0.16 0.19 0.2
DC-210 AAW0078 213.36 216.41 Dwb CS 213.36 216.41 11 0.09 0.11 0.11
DC-210 AAW0079 216.41 219.46 Dwb CS 216.41 219.46 11 0.09 0.11 0.11
DC-210 AAW0080 219.46 222.50 Dwb CS -0.40 21.80 219.46 222.50 2 0.13 0.14 0.18
DC-210 AAW0081 222.50 225.55 Dwb CS 222.50 225.55 2 0.13 0.14 0.18
DC-210 AAW0082 225.55 228.60 Dwb CS 225.55 228.60 10 0.13 0.12 0.11
DC-210 AAW0083 228.60 231.65 Dwb CS 228.60 231.65 10 0.13 0.12 0.11
DC-210 AAW0084 231.65 234.70 Dwb CS -0.95 18.30 231.65 234.70 10 0.32 0.12 0.12
DC-210 AAW0085 234.70 237.74 Dwb CS 234.70 237.74 10 0.32 0.12 0.12
DC-210 AAW0086 237.74 240.79 Dwb CS 237.74 240.79 11 0.11 0.1 0.11
DC-210 AAW0088 240.79 243.84 Dwb CS 240.79 243.84 11 0.11 0.1 0.11
DC-210 AAW0089 243.84 246.89 Dwb CS -0.48 19.80 243.84 246.89 7 0.01 0.1 0.1
DC-210 AAW0090 246.89 249.94 Dwb CS 246.89 249.94 7 0.01 0.1 0.1
DC-210 AAW0091 249.94 252.98 Dwb CS 249.94 252.98 12 0.01 0.07 0.11
DC-210 AAW0092 252.98 256.03 Dwb CS 252.98 256.03 12 0.01 0.07 0.11
DC-210 AAW0093 256.03 259.08 Dwb CS 0.31 19.90 256.03 259.08 7 0.04 0.11 0.11
DC-210 AAW0094 259.08 262.13 Dwb CS 259.08 262.13 7 0.04 0.11 0.11
DC-210 AAW0095 262.13 265.18 Dwb CS 262.13 265.18 33 0.12 0.33 0.09
DC-210 AAW0096 265.18 268.22 Dwb CS 265.18 268.22 33 0.12 0.33 0.09
DC-210 AAW0097 268.22 271.27 Dwb CS 0.15 21.80 268.22 271.27 28 0.12 0.14 0.41
DC-210 AAW0099 271.27 274.32 Dwb CS 271.27 274.32 28 0.12 0.14 0.41
384
DC-210 AAW0100 274.32 277.37 Dwb CS 274.32 277.37 20 0.15 0.14 0.17
DC-210 AAW0101 277.37 280.42 Dwb CS 277.37 280.42 20 0.15 0.14 0.17
DC-210 AAW0102 280.42 283.46 Dwb CS -0.06 20.40 280.42 283.46 15 0.1 0.2 0.1
DC-210 AAW0103 283.46 286.51 Dwb CS 283.46 286.51 15 0.1 0.2 0.1
DC-210 AAW0104 286.51 289.56 Dwb CS 286.51 289.56 22 0.15 0.18 0.27
DC-210 AAW0105 289.56 292.61 Dwb CS 289.56 292.61 22 0.15 0.18 0.27
DC-210 AAW0106 292.61 295.66 Int QP 292.61 295.66 7 0.04 0.08 0.16
DC-210 AAW0107 295.66 298.70 Int QP 295.66 298.70 7 0.04 0.08 0.16
DC-210 AAW0108 298.70 301.75 Int QP 298.70 301.75 5.6 0.15 0.06 0.2
DC-210 AAW0110 301.75 304.80 Int QP 301.75 304.80 5.6 0.15 0.06 0.2
DC-210 AAW0111 304.80 307.85 Int QP 304.80 307.85 4.1 0.07 0.08 0.13
DC-210 AAW0112 307.85 310.90 Int QP 307.85 310.90 4.1 0.07 0.08 0.13
DC-210 AAW0113 310.90 313.94 Int QP 310.90 313.94 5 0.05 0.06 0.26
DC-210 AAW0114 313.94 316.99 Int QP 313.94 316.99 5 0.05 0.06 0.26
DC-210 AAW0115 316.99 320.04 Int QP 316.99 320.04 7.2 0.07 0.07 0.22
DC-210 AAW0116 320.04 323.09 Dwb SM -0.49 18.80 320.04 323.09 7.2 0.07 0.07 0.22
DC-210 AAW0117 323.09 326.14 Dwb SM 323.09 326.14 13 0.1 0.27 0.16
DC-210 AAW0118 326.14 329.18 Dwb SM 326.14 329.18 13 0.1 0.27 0.16
DC-210 AAW0119 329.18 332.23 Dwb SM -0.38 18.40 329.18 332.23 13 0.08 0.3 0.1
DC-210 AAW0121 332.23 335.28 Dwb SM 332.23 335.28 13 0.08 0.3 0.1
DC-210 AAW0122 335.28 338.33 Dwb SM 335.28 338.33 22 0.2 0.41 0.08
DC-210 AAW0123 338.33 341.38 Dwb SM 338.33 341.38 22 0.2 0.41 0.08
DC-210 AAW0124 341.38 344.42 Dwb SM -0.14 18.20 341.38 344.42 24 0.2 0.57 0.07
DC-210 AAW0125 344.42 347.47 Dwb SM 344.42 347.47 24 0.2 0.57 0.07
DC-210 AAW0126 347.47 350.52 Dwb SM 347.47 350.52 8 0.27 0.28 0.07
DC-210 AAW0127 350.52 353.57 Dwb CS 350.52 353.57 8 0.27 0.28 0.07
385
DC-210 AAW0128 353.57 356.62 Dwb CS -0.58 20.30 353.57 356.62 100 4.18 1.71 0.12
DC-210 AAW0129 356.62 359.66 Dwb CS 356.62 359.66 100 4.18 1.71 0.12
DC-210 AAW0130 359.66 362.71 Dwb CS 359.66 362.71 104 10.25 7.71 2.06
DC-210 AAW0132 362.71 365.76 Dwb CS 362.71 365.76 104 10.25 7.71 2.06
DC-210 AAW0133 365.76 368.81 Dwb CS -0.39 13.30 365.76 368.81 158 72.2 4.91 2.2
DC-210 AAW0134 368.81 371.86 Dwb CS 368.81 371.86 158 72.2 4.91 2.2
DC-210 AAW0135 371.86 374.90 Dwb CS 371.86 374.90 108 32 3.38 1.3
DC-210 AAW0136 374.90 377.95 Dwb CS 374.90 377.95 108 32 3.38 1.3
DC-210 AAW0137 377.95 381.00 Dwb CS -0.54 6.70 377.95 381.00 275 88.8 35.7 1.17
DC-210 AAW0138 381.00 384.05 Dwb CS 381.00 384.05 275 88.8 35.7 1.17
DC-210 AAW0139 384.05 387.10 Dwb SM 384.05 387.10 208 20.7 3.51 0.59
DC-210 AAW0140 387.10 390.14 Dwb SM 387.10 390.14 208 20.7 3.51 0.59
DC-210 AAW0141 390.14 393.19 Dwb SM -0.78 13.00 390.14 393.19 176 14.95 3.82 1.04
DC-210 AAW0143 393.19 396.24 Dwb SM 393.19 396.24 176 14.95 3.82 1.04
DC-210 AAW0144 396.24 399.29 Dwb SM 396.24 399.29 226 19.5 2.11 0.72
DC-210 AAW0145 399.29 402.34 Dwb CS 399.29 402.34 226 19.5 2.11 0.72
DC-210 AAW0146 402.34 405.38 Dwb CS -1.10 17.20 402.34 405.38 173 4.86 1.15 0.53
DC-210 AAW0147 405.38 408.43 Dwb CS 405.38 408.43 173 4.86 1.15 0.53
DC-210 AAW0148 408.43 411.48 Dwb CS 408.43 411.48 269 2.5 3.35 1.98
DC-210 AAW0149 411.48 414.53 Int QP 411.48 414.53 269 2.5 3.35 1.98
DC-210 AAW0150 414.53 417.58 Int QP 414.53 417.58 382 1.15 2.03 0.42
DC-210 AAW0151 417.58 420.62 Unk CS -1.90 10.50 417.58 420.62 382 1.15 2.03 0.42
DC-210 AAW0152 420.62 423.67 Unk CS 420.62 423.67 296 0.3 3.04 0.88
DC-210 AAW0154 423.67 426.72 Unk CS 423.67 426.72 296 0.3 3.04 0.88
DC-210 AAW0155 426.72 429.77 Int QP 426.72 429.77 63.7 0.57 2.21 1.99
DC-210 AAW0156 429.77 432.82 Int QP 429.77 432.82 63.7 0.57 2.21 1.99
386
DC-210 AAW0157 432.82 435.86 Dwb CS -1.90 12.00 432.82 435.86 188 1.68 5.28 0.41
DC-210 AAW0158 435.86 438.91 Dwb CS 435.86 438.91 188 1.68 5.28 0.41
DC-210 AAW0159 438.91 441.96 Dwb SL -1.40 10.20 438.91 441.96 778 3.08 4.94 0.72
DC-210 AAW0160 441.96 445.01 Dwb SL 441.96 445.01 778 3.08 4.94 0.72
DC-210 AAW0161 445.01 448.06 Dwb SL 445.01 448.06 586 3.89 6 0.77
DC-210 AAW0162 448.06 451.10 Dwb SL 448.06 451.10 586 3.89 6 0.77
DC-210 AAW0163 451.10 454.15 Dwb SL 0.15 10.30 451.10 454.15 1085 5.13 6.6 1.09
DC-210 AAW0165 454.15 457.20 Dwb SL 454.15 457.20 1085 5.13 6.6 1.09
DC-210 AAW0166 457.20 460.25 Dwb SL 457.20 460.25 262 4.55 4.45 0.4
DC-210 AAW0167 460.25 463.30 Dwb SL 460.25 463.30 262 4.55 4.45 0.4
DC-210 AAW0168 463.30 466.34 Dwb SL -0.20 13.40 463.30 466.34 310 4 3.82 0.31
DC-210 AAW0169 466.34 469.39 Dwb SL 466.34 469.39 310 4 3.82 0.31
DC-210 AAW0170 469.39 472.44 Dwb SL 469.39 472.44 184 3.95 2.73 0.16
DC-210 AAW0171 472.44 475.49 Dwb SL 472.44 475.49 184 3.95 2.73 0.16
DC-210 AAW0172 475.49 478.54 Dwb SL -0.21 13.30 475.49 478.54 143 1.65 2.07 0.09
DC-210 AAW0173 478.54 481.58 Dwb SL 478.54 481.58 143 1.65 2.07 0.09
DC-210 AAW0174 481.58 484.63 Dwb SL 481.58 484.63 119 0.36 3.1 0.09
DC-210 AAW0176 484.63 487.68 Dwb SL 484.63 487.68 119 0.36 3.1 0.09
DC-210 AAW0177 487.68 490.73 Int QP 487.68 490.73 43 0.34 1.28 0.17
DC-210 AAW0178 490.73 493.78 Dwb SL -0.75 17.50 490.73 493.78 43 0.34 1.28 0.17
DC-210 AAW0179 493.78 496.82 Dwb SL 493.78 496.82 29 0.69 3.22 0.12
DC-210 AAW0180 496.82 499.87 Dwb SL 496.82 499.87 29 0.69 3.22 0.12
DC-210 AAW0181 499.87 502.92 Dwb SL -0.79 17.10 499.87 502.92 40 0.92 2.42 0.07
DC-210 AAW0182 502.92 505.97 Dwb SL 502.92 505.97 40 0.92 2.42 0.07
DC-210 AAW0183 505.97 509.02 Dwb SL 505.97 509.02 22 0.2 1.75 0.09
DC-210 AAW0184 509.02 512.06 Dwb SL 509.02 512.06 22 0.2 1.75 0.09
387
DC-210 AAW0185 512.06 515.11 Dwb SL -1.00 19.40 512.06 515.11 24 0.19 2.62 0.14
DC-210 AAW0187 515.11 518.16 Dwb SL 515.11 518.16 24 0.19 2.62 0.14
DC-210 AAU001594 518.16 524.26 Dwb SL -0.75 15.90 518.16 524.26 21 0.19 5.26 0.12
DC-210 AAU001595 524.26 530.35 Dwb SL 524.26 530.35 68 0.5 6.46 0.07
DC-210 AAU001596 530.35 536.45 Dwb SL -0.63 15.50 530.35 536.45 384 4.99 38.5 0.16
DC-210 AAU001598 536.45 542.54 Dwb SL 536.45 542.54 165 0.75 6.87 0.09
DC-210 AAU001599 542.54 548.64 Dwb LS -0.16 12.85 542.54 548.64 72 1.42 2.52 0.08
DC-210 AAU001600 548.64 554.74 Srm SL 548.64 554.74 194 1.47 22.2 0.05
DC-210 AAU002128 554.74 560.83 Srm SL -0.31 13.02 554.74 560.83 125 0.52 2.88 0.04
DC-210 AAU002130 560.83 566.93 Srm SL 560.83 566.93 119 0.81 2.25 0.05
DC-210 AAU002131 566.93 573.02 Srm LS -0.92 12.25 566.93 573.02 84 2.54 1.61 0.05
DC-210 AAU002132 573.02 579.12 Srm LS 573.02 579.12 33 0.58 1.56 0.05
DC-210 AAU002133 579.12 585.22 Srm SL -0.49 11.96 579.12 585.22 56 1.23 2.64 0.07
DC-210 AAU002134 585.22 591.31 Srm SL 585.22 591.31 105 3.88 3.07 0.13

DC-210 AAU002135 591.31 597.41 Srm SL -0.63 11.44 591.31 597.41 57 2.11 2.52 0.05
DC-210 AAU002136 597.41 603.50 Srm LS 597.41 603.50 60 1.5 3.54 0.1
DC-210 AAU002137 603.50 609.60 Srm SL -1.72 15.79 603.50 609.60 25 0.41 3.78 0.15
DC-210 AAU002138 609.60 615.70 Srm SL 609.60 615.70 16 0.05 2.19 0.23
DC-210 AAU002139 615.70 621.79 Srm SL -2.32 17.13 615.70 621.79 46 0.08 2.66 0.29
DC-210 AAU002140 621.79 627.89 Srm SL 621.79 627.89 9 0.02 1.54 0.33
DC-210 AAU002141 627.89 633.98 Srm SL 627.89 633.98 8 0.02 0.92 0.31
DC-210 AAU002142 633.98 640.08 Srm SL 633.98 640.08 11 0.08 1.2 0.33
388
DC-247 AAV8182 0.00 3.05 Tqa LS 0.00 6.10 29 0.05 6.99 0.15
DC-247 AAV8183 3.05 6.10 Tqa LS 0.00 6.10 29 0.05 6.99 0.15
DC-247 AAV8184 6.10 9.14 Tqa LS 6.10 12.19 21 0.06 7.24 0.12
DC-247 AAV8185 9.14 12.19 Tqa LS 6.10 12.19 21 0.06 7.24 0.12
DC-247 AAV8186 12.19 15.24 Tqa LS 12.19 18.29 33 0.29 12.45 0.15
DC-247 AAV8187 15.24 18.29 Tqa LS 12.19 18.29 33 0.29 12.45 0.15
DC-247 AAV8188 18.29 21.34 Tqa LS 18.29 24.38 27 0.13 7.41 0.21
DC-247 AAV8189 21.34 24.38 Tqa LS 18.29 24.38 27 0.13 7.41 0.21
DC-247 AAV8190 24.38 27.43 Tqa LS 24.38 30.48 30 0.12 5.96 0.19
DC-247 AAV8191 27.43 30.48 Tqa LS 24.38 30.48 30 0.12 5.96 0.19
DC-247 AAV8193 30.48 33.53 Tqa LS 30.48 36.58 28 0.1 5.38 0.2
DC-247 AAV8194 33.53 36.58 Tqa LS 30.48 36.58 28 0.1 5.38 0.2
389
DC-247 AAV8195 36.58 39.62 Tqa LS 36.58 42.67 23 0.06 3.82 0.3
DC-247 AAV8196 39.62 42.67 Tqa LS 36.58 42.67 23 0.06 3.82 0.3
DC-247 AAV8197 42.67 45.72 Unk VC -2.70 17.10 42.67 48.77 29 0.05 3.52 0.4
DC-247 AAV8198 45.72 48.77 Unk VC 42.67 48.77 29 0.05 3.52 0.4
DC-247 AAV8199 48.77 51.82 Unk VC 48.77 54.86 25 0.06 3.42 0.34
DC-247 AAV8200 51.82 54.86 Unk VC 48.77 54.86 25 0.06 3.42 0.34
DC-247 AAV8201 54.86 57.91 Unk VC 54.86 60.96 25 0.04 3.03 0.35
DC-247 AAV8203 57.91 60.96 Unk VC 54.86 60.96 25 0.04 3.03 0.35
DC-247 AAV8204 60.96 64.01 Unk VC 60.96 67.06 37 0.07 3.56 0.46
DC-247 AAV8205 64.01 67.06 Unk VC 60.96 67.06 37 0.07 3.56 0.46
DC-247 AAV8206 67.06 70.10 Unk VC 67.06 73.15 75.8 0.14 4.4 0.63
DC-247 AAV8207 70.10 73.15 Unk VC 67.06 73.15 75.8 0.14 4.4 0.63
DC-247 AAV8208 73.15 76.20 Unk VC 73.15 79.25 75 0.16 4.91 0.66
DC-247 AAV8209 76.20 79.25 Unk VC 73.15 79.25 75 0.16 4.91 0.66

DC-247 AAV8210 79.25 82.30 Unk VC -1.10 19.80 79.25 85.34 37 0.15 3.53 0.37
DC-247 AAV8211 82.30 85.34 Unk VC 79.25 85.34 37 0.15 3.53 0.37
DC-247 AAV8212 85.34 88.39 Unk VC 85.34 91.44 74.5 0.29 6.63 0.44
DC-247 AAV8213 88.39 91.44 Unk VC 85.34 91.44 74.5 0.29 6.63 0.44
DC-247 AAV8214 91.44 94.49 Unk VC 91.44 97.54 18.3 0.05 2.23 0.31
DC-247 AAV8215 94.49 97.54 Unk VC 91.44 97.54 18.3 0.05 2.23 0.31
DC-247 AAV8216 97.54 100.58 Unk VC 97.54 103.63 37.9 0.1 3.2 0.38
DC-247 AAV8217 100.58 103.63 Unk VC 97.54 103.63 37.9 0.1 3.2 0.38
DC-247 AAV8218 103.63 106.68 Unk VC -1.90 18.60 103.63 109.73 34 0.14 2.65 0.32
DC-247 AAV8219 106.68 109.73 Unk VC 103.63 109.73 34 0.14 2.65 0.32
DC-247 AAV8220 109.73 112.78 Unk VC 109.73 115.82 40.3 0.12 3.44 0.45
390
DC-247 AAV8221 112.78 115.82 Unk VC 109.73 115.82 40.3 0.12 3.44 0.45
DC-247 AAV8223 115.82 118.87 Unk VC 115.82 121.92 23.7 0.08 2.16 0.39
DC-247 AAV8224 118.87 121.92 Unk VC 115.82 121.92 23.7 0.08 2.16 0.39
DC-247 AAV8225 121.92 124.97 Unk VC 121.92 128.02 25.9 0.06 2.57 0.35
DC-247 AAV8226 124.97 128.02 Unk VC 121.92 128.02 25.9 0.06 2.57 0.35
DC-247 AAV8227 128.02 131.06 Unk VC 128.02 134.11 39.2 0.12 3.19 0.35
DC-247 AAV8228 131.06 134.11 Unk VC 128.02 134.11 39.2 0.12 3.19 0.35
DC-247 AAV8229 134.11 137.16 Unk VC 134.11 140.21 21.6 0.15 2.28 0.48
DC-247 AAV8230 137.16 140.21 Unk VC 134.11 140.21 21.6 0.15 2.28 0.48
DC-247 AAV8231 140.21 143.26 Unk VC 140.21 146.30 32.3 0.1 3.15 0.49
DC-247 AAV8233 143.26 146.30 Unk VC 140.21 146.30 32.3 0.1 3.15 0.49
DC-247 AAV8234 146.30 149.35 Unk VC 146.30 152.40 55.8 0.23 6.21 0.51
DC-247 AAV8235 149.35 152.40 Unk VC 146.30 152.40 55.8 0.23 6.21 0.51
DC-247 AAV8236 152.40 155.45 Unk VC 152.40 158.50 96.1 0.2 6.26 0.68
DC-247 AAV8237 155.45 158.50 Unk VC 152.40 158.50 96.1 0.2 6.26 0.68
DC-247 AAV8238 158.50 161.54 Unk VC 158.50 164.59 75.5 0.21 5.53 0.75
DC-247 AAV8239 161.54 164.59 Unk VC 158.50 164.59 75.5 0.21 5.53 0.75
DC-247 AAV8240 164.59 167.64 Unk VC 164.59 170.69 156.5 0.36 10.1 1.12
DC-247 AAV8241 167.64 170.69 Unk VC 164.59 170.69 156.5 0.36 10.1 1.12
DC-247 AAV8242 170.69 173.74 Unk VC 170.69 176.78 135 0.31 9.01 1.11
DC-247 AAV8243 173.74 176.78 Unk VC 170.69 176.78 135 0.31 9.01 1.11
DC-247 AAV8244 176.78 179.83 Unk VC 176.78 182.88 284 0.68 18.7 1.37
DC-247 AAV8245 179.83 182.88 Unk VC 176.78 182.88 284 0.68 18.7 1.37
DC-247 AAV8246 182.88 185.93 Unk VC 182.88 188.98 112.5 0.18 9.51 1.35
DC-247 AAV8247 185.93 188.98 Unk VC 182.88 188.98 112.5 0.18 9.51 1.35
DC-247 AAV8248 188.98 192.02 Unk VC 188.98 195.07 116 0.27 8.72 0.95
DC-247 AAV8249 192.02 195.07 Unk VC 188.98 195.07 116 0.27 8.72 0.95
391
DC-247 AAV8250 195.07 198.12 Unk VC 195.07 201.17 88.8 0.18 6.14 1.11
DC-247 AAV8251 198.12 201.17 Unk VC 195.07 201.17 88.8 0.18 6.14 1.11
DC-247 AAV8252 201.17 204.22 Unk VC 201.17 207.26 127.5 0.17 9.67 1.12
DC-247 AAV8254 204.22 207.26 Unk VC 201.17 207.26 127.5 0.17 9.67 1.12
DC-247 AAV8255 207.26 210.31 Unk VC 207.26 213.36 123.5 0.33 10.75 0.74
DC-247 AAV8256 210.31 213.36 Unk VC 207.26 213.36 123.5 0.33 10.75 0.74
DC-247 AAV8257 213.36 216.41 Unk VC -2.10 19.90 213.36 219.46 57 0.13 5.08 0.41
DC-247 AAV8258 216.41 219.46 Unk VC 213.36 219.46 57 0.13 5.08 0.41
DC-247 AAV8259 219.46 222.50 Unk VC 219.46 225.55 62 0.12 4.69 0.36
DC-247 AAV8260 222.50 225.55 Unk VC 219.46 225.55 62 0.12 4.69 0.36
DC-247 AAV8261 225.55 228.60 Unk MI -1.90 21.40 225.55 231.65 49 0.1 6.02 0.22
DC-247 AAV8262 228.60 231.65 Unk MI 225.55 231.65 49 0.1 6.02 0.22
DC-247 AAV8264 231.65 234.70 Unk MI 231.65 237.74 23 0.05 3.41 0.13
DC-247 AAV8265 234.70 237.74 Unk MI 231.65 237.74 23 0.05 3.41 0.13

DC-247 AAV8266 237.74 240.79 Unk MI -1.00 24.40 237.74 243.84 21 0.05 2.04 0.13
DC-247 AAV8267 240.79 243.84 Unk MI 237.74 243.84 21 0.05 2.04 0.13
DC-247 AAV8268 243.84 246.89 Unk MI 243.84 249.94 21 0.56 1.24 0.13
DC-247 AAV8269 246.89 249.94 Unk MI 243.84 249.94 21 0.56 1.24 0.13
DC-247 AAV8270 249.94 252.98 Unk MI -1.20 23.00 249.94 256.03 24 0.46 1.8 0.17
DC-247 AAV8271 252.98 256.03 Unk MI 249.94 256.03 24 0.46 1.8 0.17
DC-247 AAV8272 256.03 259.08 Unk MI 256.03 262.13 38 0.36 3.2 0.2
DC-247 AAV8273 259.08 262.13 Unk MI 256.03 262.13 38 0.36 3.2 0.2
DC-247 AAV8274 262.13 265.18 Unk MI -0.20 24.20 262.13 268.22 41 0.07 3.83 0.19
DC-247 AAV8275 265.18 268.22 Unk MI 262.13 268.22 41 0.07 3.83 0.19
DC-247 AAV8276 268.22 271.27 Unk MI 268.22 274.32 37 0.09 2.98 0.19
392
DC-247 AAV8277 271.27 274.32 Unk MI 268.22 274.32 37 0.09 2.98 0.19
DC-247 AAV8278 274.32 277.37 Unk MI -1.60 24.30 274.32 280.42 42 0.19 3.55 0.29
DC-247 AAV8279 277.37 280.42 Unk MI 274.32 280.42 42 0.19 3.55 0.29
DC-247 AAV8280 280.42 283.46 Unk MI 280.42 286.51 60 0.13 4.33 0.24
DC-247 AAV8281 283.46 286.51 Unk MI 280.42 286.51 60 0.13 4.33 0.24
DC-247 AAV8282 286.51 289.56 Unk MI -1.70 24.20 286.51 292.61 30 0.17 2.61 0.18
DC-247 AAV8283 289.56 292.61 Unk CS 286.51 292.61 30 0.17 2.61 0.18
DC-247 AAV8285 292.61 295.66 Unk CS 292.61 298.70 25 0.17 2.11 0.12
DC-247 AAV8286 295.66 298.70 Unk CS 292.61 298.70 25 0.17 2.11 0.12
DC-247 AAV8287 298.70 301.75 Unk CS -1.90 23.40 298.70 304.80 39 0.17 4.1 0.34
DC-247 AAV8288 301.75 304.80 Unk SM 298.70 304.80 39 0.17 4.1 0.34
DC-247 AAV8289 304.80 307.85 Unk SM 304.80 310.90 59 0.26 6.54 0.16
DC-247 AAV8290 307.85 310.90 Unk SM 304.80 310.90 59 0.26 6.54 0.16
DC-247 AAV8291 310.90 313.94 Unk SM -2.50 20.30 310.90 316.99 37 0.08 3.34 0.14
DC-247 AAV8292 313.94 316.99 Unk SM 310.90 316.99 37 0.08 3.34 0.14
DC-247 AAV8293 316.99 320.04 Unk SM 316.99 323.09 22 0.08 2.38 0.1
DC-247 AAV8295 320.04 323.09 Unk SM 316.99 323.09 22 0.08 2.38 0.1
DC-247 AAV8296 323.09 326.14 Unk SM -1.30 22.50 323.09 329.18 14 0.48 1.58 0.21
DC-247 AAV8297 326.14 329.18 Unk SM 323.09 329.18 14 0.48 1.58 0.21
DC-247 AAV8298 329.18 332.23 Unk SM 329.18 335.28 100 1.5 7.87 0.22
DC-247 AAV8299 332.23 335.28 Unk UN 329.18 335.28 100 1.5 7.87 0.22
DC-247 AAV8300 335.28 338.33 Unk UN -1.60 19.10 335.28 341.38 79 1.6 8.62 0.11
DC-247 AAV8301 338.33 341.38 Unk SM 335.28 341.38 79 1.6 8.62 0.11
DC-247 AAV8302 341.38 344.42 Unk SM 341.38 347.47 147 1.63 5.53 0.18
DC-247 AAV8303 344.42 347.47 Unk SM 341.38 347.47 147 1.63 5.53 0.18
DC-247 AAV8304 347.47 350.52 Unk SM -1.60 20.60 347.47 353.57 288 7.41 7.34 0.74
DC-247 AAV8305 350.52 353.57 Unk SM 347.47 353.57 288 7.41 7.34 0.74
393
DC-247 AAV8306 353.57 356.62 Unk SM 353.57 359.66 56 1.12 2.52 0.22
DC-247 AAV8307 356.62 359.66 Unk SM 353.57 359.66 56 1.12 2.52 0.22
DC-247 AAV8308 359.66 362.71 Unk SM -1.80 23.40 359.66 365.76 34 4.39 1.46 0.17
DC-247 AAV8309 362.71 365.76 Unk SM 359.66 365.76 34 4.39 1.46 0.17
DC-247 AAV8310 365.76 368.81 Unk SM 365.76 371.86 36 1.92 1.31 0.2
DC-247 AAV8311 368.81 371.86 Unk SM 365.76 371.86 36 1.92 1.31 0.2
DC-247 AAV8312 371.86 374.90 Unk SM -1.10 23.40 371.86 377.95 41 1.14 1.48 0.19
DC-247 AAV8314 374.90 377.95 Unk SM 371.86 377.95 41 1.14 1.48 0.19
DC-247 AAV8315 377.95 381.00 Unk SM 377.95 384.05 30 0.39 1.95 0.25
DC-247 AAV8316 381.00 384.05 Unk SM 377.95 384.05 30 0.39 1.95 0.25
DC-247 AAV8317 384.05 387.10 Unk SM -0.70 23.60 384.05 390.14 37 0.45 3.4 0.25
DC-247 AAV8318 387.10 390.14 Unk SM 384.05 390.14 37 0.45 3.4 0.25
DC-247 AAV8319 390.14 393.19 Unk SM 390.14 396.24 50 0.65 5.03 0.51
DC-247 AAV8320 393.19 396.24 Unk SM 390.14 396.24 50 0.65 5.03 0.51
DC-247 AAV8321 396.24 399.29 Unk SM -0.50 19.70 396.24 402.34 27 0.05 3.72 0.78
DC-247 AAV8322 399.29 402.34 Unk SM 396.24 402.34 27 0.05 3.72 0.78
DC-247 AAV8324 402.34 405.38 Unk SM 402.34 408.43 127 0.21 5.36 0.09
DC-247 AAV8325 405.38 408.43 Unk SM 402.34 408.43 127 0.21 5.36 0.09
DC-247 AAV8326 408.43 411.48 Unk SM -0.60 10.00 408.43 414.53 62 0.18 2.04 0.1
DC-247 AAV8327 411.48 414.53 Unk SM 408.43 414.53 62 0.18 2.04 0.1
DC-247 AAV8328 414.53 417.58 Unk SM 414.53 420.62 38 0.06 1.57 0.11
DC-247 AAV8329 417.58 420.62 Unk SM 414.53 420.62 38 0.06 1.57 0.11
DC-247 AAV8330 420.62 423.67 Unk SM 0.00 20.00 420.62 426.72 34 0.06 1.82 0.1
DC-247 AAV8331 423.67 426.72 Unk SM 420.62 426.72 34 0.06 1.82 0.1
DC-247 AAV8332 426.72 429.77 Unk SM 426.72 432.82 28 0.09 3.27 0.14
DC-247 AAV8333 429.77 432.82 Unk SM 426.72 432.82 28 0.09 3.27 0.14
394
DC-247 AAV8334 432.82 435.86 Unk SM -1.20 13.10 432.82 438.91 22 0.06 1.72 0.26
DC-247 AAV8335 435.86 438.91 Unk SM 432.82 438.91 22 0.06 1.72 0.26
DC-247 AAV8336 438.91 441.96 Unk SM 438.91 445.01 20 0.04 0.99 0.39
DC-247 AAV8337 441.96 445.01 Unk SM 438.91 445.01 20 0.04 0.99 0.39
DC-247 AAV8338 445.01 448.06 Unk SM -2.30 13.10 445.01 451.10 34 0.07 0.96 0.25
DC-247 AAV8339 448.06 451.10 Unk SM 445.01 451.10 34 0.07 0.96 0.25
DC-247 AAV8340 451.10 454.15 Unk SM 451.10 457.20 39 0.12 1.11 0.32
DC-247 AAV8341 454.15 457.20 Unk SM 451.10 457.20 39 0.12 1.11 0.32
DC-247 AAV8343 457.20 460.25 Unk SM -0.80 19.30 457.20 463.30 31 0.19 1.07 0.18
DC-247 AAV8344 460.25 463.30 Unk SM 457.20 463.30 31 0.19 1.07 0.18
DC-247 AAV8345 463.30 466.34 Unk SM 463.30 469.39 20 0.04 0.57 0.1
DC-247 AAV8346 466.34 469.39 Unk SM 463.30 469.39 20 0.04 0.57 0.1
DC-247 AAV8347 469.39 472.44 Unk SM -1.40 14.20 469.39 475.49 17 0.09 0.9 0.17
DC-247 AAV8348 472.44 475.49 Unk SM 469.39 475.49 17 0.09 0.9 0.17
DC-247 AAV8349 475.49 478.54 Unk SM 475.49 481.58 14 0.06 1.21 0.19
DC-247 AAV8350 478.54 481.58 Unk SM 475.49 481.58 14 0.06 1.21 0.19
DC-247 AAV8352 481.58 484.63 Unk SM -2.70 16.00 481.58 487.68 11 0.06 0.78 0.28
DC-247 AAV8353 484.63 487.68 Unk SM 481.58 487.68 11 0.06 0.78 0.28
DC-247 AAV8354 487.68 490.73 Unk SM 487.68 493.78 6 0.06 0.52 0.06
DC-247 AAV8355 490.73 493.78 Unk SM 487.68 493.78 6 0.06 0.52 0.06
DC-247 AAV8356 493.78 496.82 Unk SM -0.60 17.00 493.78 499.87 21 0.1 1.19 0.11
DC-247 AAV8357 496.82 499.87 Unk SM 493.78 499.87 21 0.1 1.19 0.11
DC-247 AAV8358 499.87 502.92 Unk SL 499.87 505.97 10 0.04 0.35 0.35
DC-247 AAV8359 502.92 505.97 Unk SL 499.87 505.97 10 0.04 0.35 0.35
DC-247 AAV8360 505.97 509.02 Unk SL -3.20 16.30 505.97 512.06 53 0.09 2.56 0.42
DC-247 AAV8361 509.02 512.06 Unk SL 505.97 512.06 53 0.09 2.56 0.42
395
DC-247 AAV8362 512.06 515.11 Unk CS 512.06 518.16 31 0.03 1.7 0.08
DC-247 AAV8363 515.11 518.16 Unk CS 512.06 518.16 31 0.03 1.7 0.08
DC-247 AAV8364 518.16 521.21 Unk CS 518.16 524.26 6.9 0.02 0.68 0.11
DC-247 AAV8365 521.21 524.26 Unk CS 518.16 524.26 6.9 0.02 0.68 0.11
DC-247 AAV8366 524.26 527.30 Unk CS 524.26 530.35 18 0.04 0.77 0.17
DC-247 AAV8367 527.30 530.35 Unk SL 524.26 530.35 18 0.04 0.77 0.17
DC-247 AAV8368 530.35 533.40 Unk SL -2.80 15.10 530.35 536.45 69 0.03 2.86 0.17
DC-247 AAV8369 533.40 536.45 Unk SL 530.35 536.45 69 0.03 2.86 0.17
DC-247 AAV8370 536.45 539.50 Unk SL 536.45 542.54 105 0.06 2.8 0.04
DC-247 AAV8371 539.50 542.54 Unk SL 536.45 542.54 105 0.06 2.8 0.04
DC-247 AAV8372 542.54 545.59 Unk SL -4.80 16.30 542.54 548.64 46 0.05 2.13 0.12
DC-247 AAV8373 545.59 548.64 Unk SL 542.54 548.64 46 0.05 2.13 0.12
DC-247 AAV8375 548.64 551.69 Unk SL 548.64 554.74 38 0.04 2.32 0.09
DC-247 AAV8376 551.69 554.74 Unk SL 548.64 554.74 38 0.04 2.32 0.09
DC-247 AAV8377 554.74 557.78 Unk SL -0.80 17.70 554.74 560.83 42 0.07 2.06 0.03
DC-247 AAV8378 557.78 560.83 Unk SL 554.74 560.83 42 0.07 2.06 0.03
DC-247 AAV8379 560.83 563.88 Unk SL 560.83 566.93 29 0.08 2.03 0.04
DC-247 AAV8380 563.88 566.93 Unk SL 560.83 566.93 29 0.08 2.03 0.04
DC-247 AAV8381 566.93 569.98 Unk SL -2.50 14.90 566.93 573.02 54 0.07 3.33 0.53
DC-247 AAV8382 569.98 573.02 Unk SL 566.93 573.02 54 0.07 3.33 0.53
DC-247 AAV8384 573.02 576.07 Unk SL 573.02 579.12 14 0.03 0.44 0.16
DC-247 AAV8385 576.07 579.12 Unk CS 573.02 579.12 14 0.03 0.44 0.16
DC-247 AAV8386 579.12 582.17 Unk CS -4.50 14.30 579.12 585.22 7.6 0.01 0.42 0.13
DC-247 AAV8387 582.17 585.22 Unk CS 579.12 585.22 7.6 0.01 0.42 0.13
DC-247 AAV8388 585.22 588.26 Unk CS 585.22 591.31 4 0.03 0.41 0.15
DC-247 AAV8389 588.26 591.31 Unk CS 585.22 591.31 4 0.03 0.41 0.15
396
DC-247 AAV8390 591.31 594.36 Unk CS 591.31 597.41 9 0.05 0.36 0.04
DC-247 AAV8391 594.36 597.41 Unk CS 591.31 597.41 9 0.05 0.36 0.04
DC-247 AAV8392 597.41 600.46 Unk CS 597.41 603.50 11 0.02 0.56 0.12
DC-247 AAV8393 600.46 603.50 Unk CS 597.41 603.50 11 0.02 0.56 0.12
DC-247 AAV8394 603.50 606.55 Unk CS 603.50 609.60 10 0.03 0.42 0.37
DC-247 AAV8395 606.55 609.60 Unk CS 603.50 609.60 10 0.03 0.42 0.37
DC-247 AAV8396 609.60 612.65 Unk CS 609.60 615.70 6 0.04 0.64 0.13
DC-247 AAV8397 612.65 615.70 Unk CS 609.60 615.70 6 0.04 0.64 0.13
DC-247 AAV8398 615.70 618.74 Unk CS -5.40 14.70 615.70 621.79 5 0.02 0.49 0.03
DC-247 AAV8399 618.74 621.79 Unk CS 615.70 621.79 5 0.02 0.49 0.03
DC-247 AAV8400 621.79 624.84 Unk CS 621.79 627.89 18 0.04 1.75 0.06
DC-247 AAV8401 624.84 627.89 Unk CS 621.79 627.89 18 0.04 1.75 0.06
DC-247 AAV8402 627.89 630.94 Unk CS -2.80 13.70 627.89 633.98 31 0.17 2.64 0.14
DC-247 AAV8403 630.94 633.98 Unk CS 627.89 633.98 31 0.17 2.64 0.14
DC-247 AAV8405 633.98 637.03 Unk CS 633.98 640.08 10 0.08 0.74 0.05
DC-247 AAV8406 637.03 640.08 Unk CS 633.98 640.08 10 0.08 0.74 0.05
DC-247 AAV8407 640.08 643.13 Unk CS -4.60 11.50 640.08 646.18 6 0.12 0.68 0.08
DC-247 AAV8408 643.13 646.18 Unk CS 640.08 646.18 6 0.12 0.68 0.08
DC-247 AAV8409 646.18 649.22 Unk CS 646.18 652.27 11 0.08 1.05 0.05
DC-247 AAV8410 649.22 652.27 Unk CS 646.18 652.27 11 0.08 1.05 0.05
DC-247 AAV8411 652.27 655.32 Unk CS -1.30 14.40 652.27 658.37 18 0.1 1.31 0.03
DC-247 AAV8412 655.32 658.37 Unk CS 652.27 658.37 18 0.1 1.31 0.03
DC-247 AAV8413 658.37 661.42 Unk CS 658.37 664.46 13 0.04 2.11 0.11
DC-247 AAV8415 661.42 664.46 Unk CS 658.37 664.46 13 0.04 2.11 0.11
DC-247 AAV8416 664.46 667.51 Unk CS -3.90 14.10 664.46 670.56 12 0.13 1.88 0.14
DC-247 AAV8417 667.51 670.56 Unk SL 664.46 670.56 12 0.13 1.88 0.14
397
DC-247 AAV8418 670.56 673.61 Unk SL 670.56 676.66 38 0.3 7.01 0.12
DC-247 AAV8419 673.61 676.66 Unk SL 670.56 676.66 38 0.3 7.01 0.12
DC-247 AAV8420 676.66 679.70 Unk SL -2.10 15.90 676.66 682.75 19 0.07 2.98 0.09
DC-247 AAV8421 679.70 682.75 Unk CS 676.66 682.75 19 0.07 2.98 0.09
DC-247 AAV8422 682.75 685.80 Unk CS 682.75 688.85 12 0.07 6.41 0.07
DC-247 AAV8423 685.80 688.85 Unk CS 682.75 688.85 12 0.07 6.41 0.07
DC-247 AAV8424 688.85 691.90 Unk CS -4.40 16.00 688.85 694.94 14.8 0.07 2.72 0.07
DC-247 AAV8425 691.90 694.94 Unk CS 688.85 694.94 14.8 0.07 2.72 0.07
DC-247 AAV8426 694.94 697.99 Unk SL 694.94 701.04 32.8 0.12 2.79 0.12
DC-247 AAV8427 697.99 701.04 Unk SL 694.94 701.04 32.8 0.12 2.79 0.12
DC-247 AAV8428 701.04 704.09 Unk CS 701.04 707.14 36 0.08 3.9 0.12
DC-247 AAV8429 704.09 707.14 Unk SL 701.04 707.14 36 0.08 3.9 0.12
DC-247 AAV8430 707.14 710.18 Unk SL 707.14 713.23 143 0.32 11.4 0.15
DC-247 AAV8431 710.18 713.23 Unk SL 707.14 713.23 143 0.32 11.4 0.15
DC-247 AAV8432 713.23 716.28 Unk SL -2.10 17.90 713.23 719.33 82 0.49 6.48 0.35
DC-247 AAV8433 716.28 719.33 Unk SL 713.23 719.33 82 0.49 6.48 0.35
DC-247 AAV8434 719.33 722.38 Unk SL 719.33 725.42 140 0.71 7.17 0.17
DC-247 AAV8435 722.38 725.42 Unk SL 719.33 725.42 140 0.71 7.17 0.17
DC-247 AAV8436 725.42 728.47 Unk SL -2.20 19.10 725.42 731.52 122 4.84 9.04 0.42
DC-247 AAV8437 728.47 731.52 Unk SL 725.42 731.52 122 4.84 9.04 0.42
DC-247 AAV8439 731.52 734.57 Unk SL 731.52 737.62 173 0.56 42 0.11
DC-247 AAV8440 734.57 737.62 Unk SL 731.52 737.62 173 0.56 42 0.11
DC-247 AAV8441 737.62 740.66 Unk SL -2.90 14.30 737.62 746.76 66 0.66 32.2 0.14
DC-247 AAV8442 740.66 743.71 Unk SL 737.62 746.76 66 0.66 32.2 0.14
DC-247 AAV8443 743.71 746.76 Unk SL 746.76 752.86 20 0.82 17.15 0.08
DC-247 AAU003338 746.76 752.86 Srm SL 746.76 752.86 20 0.82 17.15 0.08
398
DC-247 AAU003339 752.86 759.41 Srm SL 752.86 759.41 27 0.4 3.71 0.13
DC-247 AAU003340 759.41 765.05 Srm QP 759.41 765.05 36.8 0.05 18.2 0.07
DC-247 AAU003341 765.05 771.14 Int QP 765.05 771.14 18.3 0.04 12.25 0.1
DC-247 AAU003342 771.14 777.24 Int QP 771.14 777.24 12.9 0.04 1.21 0.11
DC-247 AAU003343 777.24 783.34 Int QP 777.24 783.34 39.8 0.1 59.7 0.14
DC-247 AAU003344 783.34 789.43 Int QP 783.34 789.43 46.6 0.23 29.2 0.19
DC-247 AAX9391 876.30 877.82 Ohc DO 1.23 22.58 - - - - - -
DC-247 AAX9392 877.82 880.57 Ohc DO - - - - - -
DC-247 AAX9393 880.57 883.62 Int QP - - - - - -
DC-247 AAX9394 883.62 886.66 Int DO - - - - - -
DC-247 AAX9395 886.66 889.71 Ohc DO 0.71 24.71 - - - - - -
DC-247 AAX9396 889.71 892.76 Ohc DO - - - - - -
DC-247 AAX9397 892.76 895.81 Ohc DO -0.79 21.27 - - - - - -
DC-247 AAX9398 895.81 898.86 Ohc DO - - - - - -
DC-247 AAX9399 898.86 901.90 Ohc DO -0.82 17.76 - - - - - -
DC-247 AAX9400 901.90 904.95 Ohc LS - - - - - -
DC-247 AAX9401 904.95 908.00 Ohc LS -1.58 17.12 - - - - - -
DC-247 AAX9402 908.00 911.05 Ohc LS - - - - - -
DC-247 AAX9404 911.05 914.10 Ohc LS - - - - - -
DC-247 AAX9405 914.10 917.14 Ohc LS - - - - - -
DC-247 AAX9406 917.14 920.19 Ohc LS -0.59 13.72 - - - - - -
DC-247 AAX9407 920.19 923.24 Ohc LS - - - - - -
DC-247 AAX9409 923.24 926.29 Ohc LS -2.20 11.54 - - - - - -
DC-247 AAX9410 926.29 929.34 Ohc LS - - - - - -
DC-247 AAX9411 929.34 932.38 Ohc LS -2.59 11.68 - - - - - -
DC-247 AAX9412 932.38 935.43 Ohc LS - - - - - -
399
DC-247 AAX9413 935.43 938.48 Ohc LS -2.06 10.55 - - - - - -

DC-247 AAX9414 938.48 940.92 Ohc LS - - - - - -
Appendix D4. Reverse Circulation Chips
Table D4. Reverse circulation chip geology, geochemistry and δ18O-δ13C compositions.
Drill Hole From δ13C δ18O As Hg Sb Tl
Sample ID to (m) Fm. Lith. SD (1σ) SD (1σ) From (m) To (m)
ID (m) (V-PDB) (V-SMOW) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
CH08-001 BBB9225 0.00 3.05 Tqa AL 0.00 6.10 39.00 0.06 6.42 0.16
CH08-001 BBB9227 6.10 9.14 Tqa AL 6.10 12.19 29.00 0.21 6.55 0.15
CH08-001 BBB9229 12.19 15.24 Tqa AL 12.19 18.29 20.00 0.14 6.62 0.09
CH08-001 BBB9231 18.29 21.34 Tqa AL 18.29 24.38 26.00 0.27 10.75 0.12
CH08-001 BBB9233 24.38 27.43 Tqa AL 24.38 30.48 41.00 0.19 6.87 0.21
CH08-001 BBB9235 30.48 33.53 Tqa AL 30.48 36.58 34.00 0.13 4.95 0.20
CH08-001 BBB9237 36.58 39.62 Tqa AL 36.58 42.67 38.00 0.17 5.25 0.21
CH08-001 BBB9239 42.67 45.72 Tqa AL 42.67 48.77 39.00 0.12 3.32 0.20
CH08-001 BBB9241 48.77 51.82 Tqa AL 48.77 54.86 32.00 0.12 2.43 0.20
CH08-001 BBB9243 54.86 57.91 Tqa AL 54.86 60.96 51.00 0.14 2.84 0.41
CH08-001 BBB9246 60.96 64.01 Tqa AL 60.96 67.06 108.00 0.23 5.31 0.44
CH08-001 BBB9248 67.06 70.10 Tqa VC 67.06 73.15 297.00 0.72 12.05 1.39
400
CH08-001 BBB9250 73.15 76.20 Tqa VC 73.15 79.25 299.00 1.19 8.06 2.10
CH08-001 BBB9252 79.25 82.30 Tqa VC 79.25 85.34 172.00 0.94 4.57 1.44
CH08-001 BBB9254 85.34 88.39 Tqa VC 85.34 91.44 325.00 1.31 8.35 1.53
CH08-001 BBB9257 91.44 94.49 Tqa VC 91.44 97.54 125.00 0.64 3.02 0.93
CH08-001 BBB9259 97.54 100.58 Tqa VC 97.54 103.63 24.00 0.11 1.04 0.18
CH08-001 BBB9261 103.63 106.68 Dwb CS -0.82 0.27 17.69 0.49 103.63 109.73 20.00 0.03 0.65 0.09
CH08-001 BBB9263 109.73 112.78 Dwb CS -0.97 0.27 16.03 0.49 109.73 115.82 21.00 0.03 1.05 0.14
CH08-001 BBB9265 115.82 118.87 Dwb CS 115.82 121.92 57.00 0.06 1.92 0.25
CH08-001 BBB9267 121.92 124.97 Dwb CS -2.46 0.27 15.46 0.49 121.92 128.02 13.00 0.03 1.02 0.23
CH08-001 BBB9269 128.02 131.06 Dwb CS -2.16 0.27 15.38 0.49 128.02 134.11 22.00 0.03 1.56 0.32
CH08-001 BBB9271 134.11 137.16 Dwb CS -2.29 0.27 15.42 0.49 134.11 140.21 71.00 0.05 2.66 0.30
CH08-001 BBB9273 140.21 143.26 Dwb CS -2.39 0.27 15.73 0.49 140.21 146.30 41.00 0.05 1.43 0.32
CH08-001 BBB9275 146.30 149.35 Dwb CS -2.55 0.27 14.19 0.49 146.30 152.40 42.00 0.05 1.37 0.40
CH08-001 BBB9278 152.40 155.45 Dwb CS -2.38 0.27 15.08 0.49 152.40 158.50 28.00 0.03 0.60 0.59
CH08-001 BBB9280 158.50 161.54 Dwb CS -3.10 0.27 15.32 0.49 158.50 164.59 25.00 0.02 0.65 0.37
CH08-001 BBB9282 164.59 167.64 Dwb CS -3.10 0.27 15.40 0.49 164.59 170.69 37.00 0.02 0.49 0.60
Table D4. continued. Reverse circulation chip geology, geochemistry and δ18O-δ13C compositions.
Drill Hole From δ18O δ13C As Hg Sb Tl
ID (m) (V-SMOW) (V-PDB) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
CH08-001 BBB9284 170.69 173.74 Dwb CS -2.64 0.27 15.19 0.49 170.69 176.78 19.00 0.03 0.40 0.43
CH08-001 BBB9286 176.78 179.83 Int QP 176.78 182.88 7.20 0.02 0.16 0.34
CH08-001 BBB9289 182.88 185.93 Dwb CS -1.34 0.27 15.13 0.49 182.88 188.98 43.00 0.06 1.87 0.51
CH08-001 BBB9291 188.98 192.02 Dwb CS -2.69 0.27 14.19 0.49 188.98 195.07 19.00 0.05 0.65 0.41
CH08-001 BBB9293 195.07 198.12 Dwb CS -2.42 0.12 15.16 0.35 195.07 201.17 8.00 0.03 0.24 0.23
CH08-001 BBB9295 201.17 204.22 Dwb CS -2.82 0.12 12.19 0.35 201.17 207.26 14.00 0.05 0.54 0.31
CH08-001 BBB9297 207.26 210.31 Dwb CS -1.12 0.12 11.72 0.35 207.26 213.36 17.00 0.07 0.45 0.27
CH08-001 BBB9299 213.36 216.41 Dwb CS 213.36 219.46 11.00 0.07 0.33 0.39
CH08-001 BBB9301 219.46 222.50 Int QP 219.46 225.55 7.40 0.08 0.40 0.23
CH08-001 BBB9303 225.55 228.60 Int QP 225.55 231.65 19.00 0.15 0.29 0.70
CH08-001 BBB9305 231.65 234.70 Int QP 231.65 237.74 15.40 0.11 0.46 0.34
CH08-001 BBB9308 237.74 240.79 Int QP 237.74 243.84 15.70 0.21 0.61 0.36
CH08-001 BBB9310 243.84 246.89 Tqa VC 243.84 249.94 97.20 0.88 5.45 1.15
CH08-001 BBB9312 249.94 252.98 Tqa VC 249.94 256.03 125.50 1.43 6.89 1.19
401
CH08-001 BBB9314 256.03 259.08 Tqa VC 256.03 262.13 143.50 1.42 6.87 1.08
CH08-001 BBB9316 262.13 265.18 Tqa VC 262.13 268.22 170.00 1.05 4.40 1.52
CH08-001 BBB9319 268.22 271.27 Tqa VC 268.22 274.32 54.20 0.68 1.18 0.59
CH08-001 BBB9321 274.32 277.37 Tqa VC 274.32 280.42 125.00 1.39 4.31 0.93
CH08-001 BBB9323 280.42 283.46 Tqa VC 280.42 286.51 118.50 0.90 6.09 0.90
CH08-001 BBB9325 286.51 289.56 Tqa VC 286.51 292.61 118.50 0.74 5.72 0.73
CH08-001 BBB9327 292.61 295.66 Tqa VC 292.61 298.70 78.40 0.78 4.05 0.68
CH08-001 BBB9329 298.70 301.75 Tqa VC 298.70 304.80 35.30 0.36 1.96 0.39
CH08-001 BBB9331 304.80 307.85 Tqa VC 304.80 310.90 36.20 0.40 6.39 0.52
CH08-001 BBB9333 310.90 313.94 Tqa VC 310.90 316.99 88.00 0.61 4.89 0.51
CH08-001 BBB9335 316.99 320.04 Tqa VC 316.99 323.09 60.00 0.57 3.39 0.51
CH08-001 BBB9336 320.04 323.09 Tqa VC 316.99 323.09 60.00 0.57 3.39 0.51
CH08-001 BBB9339 326.14 329.18 Tqa VC 323.09 329.18 104.00 0.63 8.76 0.81
CH08-001 BBB9341 332.23 335.28 Int QP 329.18 335.28 36.80 0.21 1.50 0.29
CH08-001 BBB9343 338.33 341.38 Int QP 335.28 341.38 19.80 0.15 0.89 0.26
CH08-001 BBB9345 344.42 347.47 Int QP 341.38 347.47 18.80 0.15 0.74 0.47
CH08-001 BBB9347 350.52 353.57 Int QP 347.47 353.57 23.20 0.17 0.87 0.37
CH08-001 BBB9350 356.62 359.66 Int QP 353.57 359.66 20.60 0.12 0.57 0.31
CH08-001 BBB9352 362.71 365.76 Int QP 359.66 365.76 24.00 0.15 0.70 0.33
CH08-001 BBB9354 368.81 371.86 Int QP 365.76 371.86 8.80 0.08 0.33 0.18
CH08-001 BBB9356 374.90 377.95 Int QP 371.86 377.95 17.30 0.11 0.70 0.21
CH08-001 BBB9358 381.00 384.05 Int QP 377.95 384.05 14.10 0.04 0.53 0.15
CH08-001 BBB9360 387.10 390.14 Int QP 384.05 390.14 7.80 0.04 0.38 0.10
CH08-001 BBB9362 393.19 396.24 Int QP 390.14 396.24 6.30 0.04 0.34 0.12
CH08-001 BBB9364 399.29 402.34 Int QP 396.24 402.34 39.00 0.07 0.98 0.24
CH08-001 BBB9366 405.38 408.43 Dwb SM 402.34 408.43 28.00 0.11 1.57 0.40
CH08-001 BBB9368 411.48 414.53 Dwb SM 408.43 414.53 30.00 0.15 1.23 0.44
CH08-001 BBB9372 420.62 423.67 Dwb SM 0.13 0.12 19.63 0.35 420.62 426.72 33.60 0.26 1.25 0.41
CH08-001 BBB9374 426.72 429.77 Dwb SM 426.72 432.82 22.00 0.11 0.69 0.26
CH08-001 BBB9376 432.82 435.86 Dwb SM 432.82 438.91 16.00 0.02 0.39 0.26
402
CH08-001 BBB9378 438.91 441.96 Int QP 438.91 445.01 17.00 0.02 0.33 0.27
CH08-001 BBB9381 445.01 448.06 Dwb SM -1.36 0.12 18.10 0.35 445.01 451.10 26.00 0.01 0.40 0.48
CH08-001 BBB9383 451.10 454.15 Dwb SM -1.43 0.12 19.16 0.35 451.10 457.20 19.00 0.01 0.50 0.20
CH08-001 BBB9385 457.20 460.25 Dwb SM -1.47 0.12 17.90 0.35 457.20 463.30 21.00 0.01 0.45 0.25
CH08-001 BBB9387 463.30 466.34 Int QP 463.30 469.39 15.00 0.01 0.32 0.25
CH08-001 BBB9389 469.39 472.44 Dwb SM -1.36 0.27 17.98 0.49 469.39 475.49 28.00 0.01 0.44 0.24
CH08-001 BBB9391 475.49 478.54 Dwb SM -1.45 0.12 18.61 0.35 475.49 481.58 20.00 0.01 0.30 0.28
CH08-001 BBB9393 481.58 484.63 Dwb SM -2.26 0.12 17.11 0.35 481.58 487.68 25.00 0.01 0.21 0.42
CH08-001 BBB9395 487.68 490.73 Dwb SM 487.68 493.78 24.00 0.01 0.32 0.36
CH08-001 BBB9397 493.78 496.82 Dwb SM 493.78 499.87 23.00 0.01 0.26 0.59
CH08-001 BBB9399 499.87 502.92 Dwb SM -1.70 0.12 19.41 0.35 499.87 505.97 21.00 0.01 0.35 0.28
CH08-001 BBB9402 505.97 509.02 Dwb SM 505.97 512.06 16.00 0.01 0.30 0.32
CH08-001 BBB9404 512.06 515.11 Dwb SM 512.06 518.16 19.00 0.01 0.34 0.25
CH08-001 BBB9406 518.16 521.21 Dwb SM 518.16 524.26 13.00 0.01 0.41 0.14
CH08-001 BBB9408 524.26 527.30 Dwb SM 524.26 530.35 9.00 0.01 0.35 0.25
CH08-001 BBB9410 530.35 533.40 Dwb SM 530.35 536.45 17.00 0.01 0.47 0.16
CH08-001 BBB9413 536.45 539.50 Dwb SM 536.45 542.54 16.00 0.01 0.43 0.19
CH08-001 BBB9415 542.54 545.59 Dwb SM 542.54 548.64 13.00 0.01 0.55 0.25
CH08-001 BBB9417 548.64 551.69 Dwb SM 0.09 0.18 23.36 0.32 548.64 554.74 24.00 0.01 2.08 0.26
CH08-001 BBB9419 554.74 557.78 Dwb SM 554.74 560.83 39.00 0.01 2.76 0.23
CH08-001 BBB9421 560.83 563.88 Dwb SM 560.83 566.93 13.00 0.01 0.57 0.15
CH08-001 BBB9423 566.93 569.98 Dwb SM -0.40 0.18 24.17 0.32 566.93 573.02 13.00 0.01 0.38 0.20
CH08-001 BBB9425 573.02 576.07 Dwb SM -0.29 0.18 25.35 0.32 573.02 579.12 20.00 0.01 0.60 0.19
CH08-001 BBB9427 579.12 582.17 Dwb SM 0.83 0.18 26.39 0.32 579.12 585.22 37.00 0.01 0.95 0.21
CH08-001 BBB9429 585.22 588.26 Dwb SM 0.59 0.18 25.83 0.32 585.22 591.31 14.00 0.01 0.35 0.17
CH08-001 BBB9432 591.31 594.36 Dwb SM 591.31 597.41 16.00 0.01 0.40 0.17
CH08-001 BBB9434 597.41 600.46 Dwb SM 0.02 0.18 23.88 0.32 597.41 603.50 15.00 0.01 0.41 0.18
CH08-001 BBB9436 603.50 606.55 Dwb SM -0.34 0.18 23.76 0.32 603.50 609.60 16.00 0.01 0.52 0.18
CH08-001 BBB9438 609.60 612.65 Dwb SM 0.88 0.18 24.91 0.32 609.60 615.70 14.00 0.01 0.46 0.26
CH08-001 BBB9440 615.70 618.74 Dwb SM 1.10 0.18 22.63 0.32 615.70 621.79 21.00 0.01 0.40 0.23
403
CH08-001 BBB9443 621.79 624.84 Dwb SM 0.15 0.18 15.40 0.32 621.79 627.89 7.00 0.01 0.23 0.09
CH08-001 BBB9445 627.89 630.94 Dwb SM 627.89 633.98 9.00 0.01 0.22 0.09
CH08-001 BBB9447 633.98 637.03 Dwb SM 0.65 0.18 18.82 0.32 633.98 640.08 2.00 0.01 0.19 0.11
CH08-001 BBB9449 640.08 643.13 Dwb SM -0.11 0.18 17.89 0.32 640.08 646.18 4.00 0.01 0.27 0.11
CH08-001 BBB9451 646.18 649.22 Dwb SM 1.10 0.18 18.70 0.32 646.18 652.27 2.00 0.01 0.18 0.17
CH08-001 BBB9453 652.27 655.32 Dwb SM 0.59 0.18 15.84 0.32 652.27 658.37 10.00 0.01 0.39 0.17
CH08-001 BBB9455 658.37 661.42 Dwb SM 0.26 0.18 19.36 0.32 658.37 664.46 4.00 0.01 0.28 0.31
CH08-001 BBB9457 664.46 667.51 Dwb SM 0.95 0.18 18.98 0.32 664.46 670.56 4.00 0.01 0.18 0.23
CH08-001 BBB9459 670.56 673.61 Dwb SM 670.56 676.66 6.00 0.01 0.25 0.21
CH08-001 BBB9461 676.66 679.70 Dwb SM 676.66 682.75 15.00 0.01 0.38 0.16
CH08-001 BBB9464 682.75 685.80 Dwb SM 1.30 0.18 26.66 0.32 682.75 688.85 7.00 0.01 0.33 0.21
CH08-001 BBB9466 688.85 691.90 Dwb SM 0.08 0.18 23.98 0.32 688.85 694.94 7.00 0.01 0.13 0.06
CH08-001 BBB9468 694.94 697.99 Dwb SM 0.06 0.18 23.85 0.32 694.94 701.04 2.00 0.01 0.28 0.17
CH08-001 BBB9470 701.04 704.09 Dwb SM 2.11 0.18 24.80 0.32 701.04 707.14 3.00 0.01 0.27 0.15
CH08-001 BBB9472 707.14 710.18 Dwb SM -1.28 0.18 16.46 0.32 707.14 713.23 5.00 0.02 0.95 0.26
CH08-001 BBB9475 713.23 716.28 Dwb SM -1.50 0.18 15.81 0.32 713.23 719.33 4.00 0.02 0.65 0.39
Sample ID To (m) Fm. Lith. SD (1σ) SD (1σ) From (m) To (m)
CH08-001 BBB9477 719.33 722.38 Dwb SM 0.60 0.18 8.77 0.32 719.33 725.42 45.00 0.12 2.72 0.38
CH08-001 BBB9479 725.42 728.47 Dwb SM 725.42 731.52 8.00 0.02 0.29 0.32
CH08-001 BBB9481 731.52 734.57 Dwb SM 731.52 737.62 37.00 0.06 1.31 0.31
CH08-001 BBB9483 737.62 740.66 Dwb SM 737.62 743.71 7.00 0.02 0.55 0.13
CH08-001 BBB9485 743.71 746.76 Dwb SM 0.02 0.18 16.13 0.32 743.71 749.81 28.00 0.01 0.67 0.09
CH08-001 BBB9487 749.81 752.86 Dwb SM 1.01 0.18 22.57 0.32 749.81 755.90 13.00 0.02 0.41 0.09
CH08-001 BBB9489 755.90 758.95 Dwb SM 0.90 0.18 22.44 0.32 755.90 762.00 5.00 0.01 0.41 0.06
CH08-001 BBB9491 762.00 765.05 Dwb SM 0.41 0.18 24.96 0.32 762.00 768.10 22.00 0.02 0.59 0.17
CH08-001 BBB9494 768.10 771.14 Dwb SM 768.10 774.19 18.00 0.01 0.35 0.22
CH08-001 BBB9496 774.19 777.24 Dwb SM 774.19 780.29 9.00 0.01 0.38 0.22
CH08-001 BBB9498 780.29 783.34 Dwb SM -2.15 0.18 20.87 0.32 780.29 786.38 21.00 0.01 0.59 0.27
CH08-001 BBB9500 786.38 789.43 Dwb SM -1.76 0.54 17.07 0.93 786.38 792.48 8.00 0.01 0.42 0.27
CH08-001 BBB9502 792.48 795.53 Dwb SM -0.17 0.54 18.24 0.93 792.48 798.58 11.00 0.01 0.48 0.30
CH08-001 BBB9505 798.58 801.62 Dwb SM -2.21 0.54 18.94 0.93 798.58 804.67 14.00 0.01 0.30 0.41
404
CH08-001 BBB9507 804.67 807.72 Dwb SM -1.35 0.54 11.74 0.93 804.67 810.77 61.00 0.03 0.88 0.32
CH08-001 BBB9509 810.77 813.82 Dwb SM 2.36 0.35 9.37 0.84 810.77 816.86 64.00 0.06 1.15 0.37
CH08-001 BBB9511 816.86 819.91 Dwb SM 1.86 0.54 7.96 0.93 816.86 822.96 23.00 0.02 0.36 0.25
CH08-001 BBB9513 822.96 826.01 Dwb SM 822.96 829.06 23.00 0.01 0.39 0.13
CH08-001 BBB9515 829.06 832.10 Dwb SM 1.24 0.35 16.36 0.84 829.06 835.15 28.00 0.01 0.44 0.14
CH08-001 BBB9517 835.15 838.20 Dwb SM 835.15 841.25 31.00 0.01 0.34 0.08
CH08-001 BBB9519 841.25 844.30 Dwb SM 0.45 0.35 15.81 0.84 841.25 847.34 26.00 0.02 0.40 0.16
CH08-001 BBB9521 847.34 850.39 Dwb SM 847.34 853.44 31.00 0.04 0.41 0.24
CH08-001 BBB9523 853.44 856.49 Int IU 853.44 859.54 12.80 0.04 0.17 0.16
CH08-001 BBB9526 859.54 862.58 Dwb SM -0.94 0.54 12.74 0.93 859.54 865.63 42.00 0.02 0.58 0.22
CH08-001 BBB9528 865.63 868.68 Dwb SM -0.88 0.54 11.33 0.93 865.63 871.73 45.00 0.03 0.85 0.12
CH08-001 BBB9530 871.73 874.78 Dwb SM 0.46 0.54 17.11 0.93 871.73 877.82 27.00 0.02 0.46 0.05
CH08-001 BBB9532 877.82 880.87 Dwb SM 0.43 0.35 16.63 0.84 877.82 883.92 45.00 0.02 0.72 0.17
CH08-001 BBB9534 883.92 886.97 Dwb SM 883.92 890.02 44.00 0.02 0.73 0.45
CH08-001 BBB9537 890.02 893.06 Dwb SM -3.30 0.54 14.26 0.93 890.02 896.11 9.00 0.01 0.24 0.78
CH08-001 BBB9539 896.11 899.16 Dwb SM 0.37 0.54 9.52 0.93 896.11 902.21 9.00 0.02 0.22 0.44
CH08-001 BBB9541 902.21 905.26 Srm MB -2.32 0.54 12.06 0.93 902.21 908.30 2.60 0.10 0.10 0.17
CH08-001 BBB9543 908.30 911.35 Srm MB -4.28 0.54 12.61 0.93 908.30 914.40 8.00 0.09 0.13 0.48
CH08-001 BBB9545 914.40 917.45 Srm MB -1.81 0.35 13.09 0.84 914.40 920.50 18.00 0.14 0.45 0.19
CH08-001 BBB9547 920.50 923.54 Srm MB 920.50 926.59 10.00 0.09 0.26 0.14
CH08-001 BBB9549 926.59 929.64 Srm MB -5.08 0.54 11.96 0.93 926.59 932.69 8.00 0.05 0.13 0.07
CH08-001 BBB9551 932.69 935.74 Srm MB -5.73 0.54 16.00 0.93 932.69 938.78 14.00 0.03 0.35 0.15
CH08-001 BBB9553 938.78 941.83 Srm MB -4.90 0.54 12.86 0.93 938.78 944.88 6.00 0.02 0.17 0.08
CH08-001 BBB9556 944.88 947.93 Srm MB -4.55 0.54 13.64 0.93 944.88 950.98 12.00 0.03 0.38 0.13
CH08-001 BBB9558 950.98 954.02 Srm MB -4.33 0.54 14.32 0.93 950.98 957.07 3.80 0.05 0.11 0.05
CH08-001 BBB9560 957.07 960.12 Srm MB -4.91 0.54 13.30 0.93 957.07 963.17 13.90 0.16 0.46 0.14
CH08-001 BBB9562 963.17 966.22 Srm MB -5.15 0.54 14.47 0.93 963.17 969.26 12.70 0.02 0.31 0.11
CH08-001 BBB9564 969.26 972.31 Srm MB -3.13 0.54 13.68 0.93 969.26 975.36 17.70 0.01 0.34 0.09
CH08-001 BBB9567 975.36 978.41 Srm MB -4.25 0.54 13.80 0.93 975.36 981.46 11.90 0.01 0.24 0.07
CH08-001 BBB9569 981.46 984.50 Srm MB -3.24 0.54 8.88 0.93 981.46 987.55 18.00 0.03 0.39 0.13
405
CH08-001 BBB9571 987.55 990.60 Srm MB -4.10 0.54 13.45 0.93 987.55 993.65 4.00 0.08 0.11 0.13
CH08-001 BBB9573 993.65 996.70 Srm MB -4.26 0.54 12.31 0.93 993.65 999.74 5.00 0.04 0.26 0.22
CH08-001 BBB9575 999.74 1002.79 Srm CS -1.06 0.54 18.47 0.93 999.74 1005.84 7.00 0.05 0.42 0.37
CH08-001 BBB9577 1005.84 1008.89 Srm MB 1005.84 1011.94 5.00 0.13 0.24 0.21
CH08-001 BBB9579 1011.94 1014.98 Srm MB 1011.94 1018.03 12.00 0.11 0.26 0.10
CH08-001 BBB9581 1018.03 1021.08 Srm MB -3.10 0.54 12.57 0.93 1018.03 1024.13 7.00 0.13 0.14 0.13
CH08-001 BBB9583 1024.13 1027.18 Srm MB -3.20 0.54 10.38 0.93 1024.13 1030.22 16.00 0.04 0.39 0.19
CH08-001 BBB9585 1030.22 1033.27 Srm MB -3.68 0.54 12.57 0.93 1030.22 1036.32 42.00 0.07 0.73 0.21
CH08-001 BBB9588 1036.32 1039.37 Srm CS 1036.32 1042.42 33.00 0.05 0.37 0.13
CH08-001 BBB9590 1042.42 1045.46 Srm CS -2.28 0.54 10.91 0.93 1042.42 1048.51 66.00 0.04 0.61 0.20
CH08-001 BBB9592 1048.51 1051.56 Srm CS -2.89 0.54 10.89 0.93 1048.51 1054.61 7.50 0.05 0.22 0.07
CH08-001 BBB9594 1054.61 1057.66 Srm CS -4.08 0.54 9.54 0.93 1054.61 1060.70 4.00 0.02 0.31 0.08
CH08-001 BBB9596 1060.70 1063.75 Int BX -2.62 0.54 17.10 0.93 1060.70 1066.80 5.00 0.04 0.42 0.13
CH08-001 BBB9599 1066.80 1069.85 Int BX -3.40 0.54 15.63 0.93 1066.80 1072.90 7.00 0.03 0.54 0.23
CH08-001 BBB9601 1072.90 1075.94 Int BX -0.85 0.54 13.92 0.93 1072.90 1078.99 11.00 0.01 0.79 0.20
CH08-001 BBB9603 1078.99 1082.04 Srm CS -0.59 0.54 20.47 0.93 1078.99 1085.09 12.00 0.02 1.08 0.23
CH08-001 BBB9605 1085.09 1088.14 Srm CS 0.04 0.35 14.86 0.84 1085.09 1091.18 15.00 0.02 1.25 0.15
CH08-001 BBB9607 1091.18 1094.23 Srm CS -1.95 0.54 16.81 0.93 1091.18 1097.28 12.00 0.02 1.44 0.29
CH08-001 BBB9609 1097.28 1100.33 Srm SL -0.30 0.35 16.63 0.84 1097.28 1103.38 12.00 0.02 1.81 0.29
CH08-001 BBB9611 1103.38 1106.42 Int QP 1103.38 1109.47 3.30 0.05 0.16 0.21
CH08-001 BBB9613 1109.47 1112.52 Int QP 1109.47 1115.57 3.30 0.02 0.16 0.24
CH08-001 BBB9615 1115.57 1118.62 Int QP 1115.57 1121.66 1.70 0.02 0.09 0.20
CH08-001 BBB9618 1121.66 1124.71 Int QP 1121.66 1127.76 2.00 0.01 0.10 0.16
CH08-001 BBB9620 1127.76 1130.81 Srm SL -2.04 0.35 15.34 0.84 1127.76 1133.86 14.00 0.02 0.94 0.16
CH08-001 BBB9622 1133.86 1136.90 Srm SL -1.03 0.54 17.05 0.93 1133.86 1139.95 20.00 0.03 1.92 0.12
CH08-001 BBB9624 1139.95 1143.00 Srm SL -1.52 0.54 10.33 0.93 1139.95 1146.05 9.00 0.02 1.42 0.17
CH08-001 BBB9626 1146.05 1149.10 Srm SL -0.26 0.35 13.16 0.84 1146.05 1152.14 5.00 0.02 0.78 0.19
CH08-001 BBB9629 1152.14 1155.19 Srm QP 1152.14 1158.24 1.20 0.02 0.09 0.17
CH08-001 BBB9631 1158.24 1161.29 Srm QP 1158.24 1164.34 2.70 0.01 0.13 0.25
CH08-001 BBB9633 1164.34 1167.38 Srm SL 0.86 0.35 16.77 0.84 1164.34 1170.43 15.00 0.04 1.67 0.20
406
CH08-001 BBB9635 1170.43 1173.48 Srm SL 0.14 0.35 13.95 0.84 1170.43 1176.53 13.00 0.03 2.70 0.18
CH08-001 BBB9637 1176.53 1179.58 Srm SL 0.58 0.35 11.90 0.84 1176.53 1182.62 8.00 0.06 1.26 0.13
CH08-001 BBB9639 1182.62 1185.67 Int SL 1182.62 1188.72 2.70 0.02 0.17 0.17
CH08-001 BBB9641 1188.72 1191.77 Int QP 1188.72 1194.82 1.80 0.03 0.09 0.19
CH08-001 BBB9643 1194.82 1197.86 Int QP 1194.82 1200.91 2.60 0.04 0.17 0.15
CH08-001 BBB9645 1200.91 1203.96 Int QP 1200.91 1207.01 2.90 0.02 0.13 0.18
CH08-001 BBB9647 1207.01 1210.06 Int QP 1207.01 1213.10 9.00 0.03 0.87 0.12
CH08-001 BBB9650 1213.10 1216.15 Srm SL 1213.10 1219.20 9.00 0.03 1.74 0.18
CH08-001 BBB9652 1219.20 1222.25 Srm SL 1219.20 1225.30 12.00 0.03 1.16 0.21
CH08-001 BBB9654 1225.30 1228.34 Int BX 1225.30 1231.39 11.10 0.03 0.51 0.20
CH08-001 BBB9656 1231.39 1234.44 Int QP 1231.39 1237.49 4.00 0.03 1.11 0.15
CH08-001 BBB9658 1237.49 1240.54 Int BX 1237.49 1243.58 11.00 0.03 0.70 0.15
CH08-001 BBB9661 1243.58 1246.63 Int BX 1243.58 1249.68 10.50 0.02 0.34 0.14
CH08-001 BBB9663 1249.68 1252.73 Int BX 1249.68 1255.78 9.90 0.03 0.32 0.12
CH08-001 BBB9665 1255.78 1258.82 Int BX 1255.78 1261.87 6.50 0.04 0.28 0.11
CH08-001 BBB9667 1261.87 1264.92 Int BX 1261.87 1267.97 5.40 0.06 0.32 0.11

CH08-001 BBB9669 1267.97 1271.02 Int BX 1267.97 1274.06 11.20 0.25 1.94 0.15
CH08-001 BBB9671 1274.06 1277.11 Int BX 1274.06 1280.16 9.00 0.12 2.18 0.13
CH08-001 BBB9673 1280.16 1283.21 Int BX -0.67 0.54 14.93 0.93 1280.16 1286.26 13.00 0.08 1.85 0.12
CH08-001 BBB9675 1286.26 1289.30 Srm SL -0.99 0.35 16.11 0.84 1286.26 1292.35 11.00 0.13 2.17 0.11
CH08-001 BBB9677 1292.35 1295.40 Srm SL -0.16 0.54 7.33 0.93 1292.35 1298.45 43.50 0.64 8.81 0.18
CH08-001 BBB9680 1298.45 1301.50 Srm SL -0.91 0.54 12.88 0.93 1298.45 1304.54 50.00 0.45 5.64 0.32
CH08-001 BBB9682 1304.54 1307.59 Int BX -1.11 0.54 18.53 0.93 1304.54 1310.64 12.00 0.13 1.48 0.15
CH08-001 BBB9684 1310.64 1313.69 Ohc DO 0.54 0.54 23.37 0.93 1310.64 1316.74 8.00 0.14 1.52 0.12
CH08-001 BBB9686 1316.74 1319.78 Ohc DO 0.68 0.54 20.80 0.93 1316.74 1322.83 16.00 0.16 1.06 0.15
CH08-001 BBB9688 1322.83 1325.88 Ohc DO 1.32 0.54 22.09 0.93 1322.83 1328.93 54.00 0.27 2.66 0.37
CH08-001 BBB9691 1328.93 1331.98 Ohc DO 1328.93 1335.02 84.00 0.49 3.72 0.58
CH08-001 BBB9693 1335.02 1338.07 Ohc LS 1335.02 1341.12 96.00 0.66 4.53 0.79
407
Appendix D5. Geology, Geochemistry and Isotope Drill hole Compilations
Drill hole: CC05-003

Formation (ppm)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
0 0 0 0
Tqa
F+
BX
200
F
Dwb 100 100 100
F
400
F
600
200 δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ 200 δ13C (V-PDB) ‰ 200 Pathfinder Elements
Formation (ppm)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5
Depth (ft)
0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
Depth (m)
0 0 0 800 0
Srm Tqa
F+
BX 300 300 300 1000 200
F
Dwb 100 100 100
F
F 3
Missing 1200 400
F
400 400 sample 400
Ohc 2
1400 600
200 200 200
Depth (ft)
F+ 2
Depth (m)
BX 1600 800
500 500 500
Srm
N=62 N=62
300 300 300 1000
F 3
Background 1200
Ohc 2
1400
F+ Anom.
2
BX Strongly depleted/Very
1600
Drill hole from 33000N cross-section
N=62
located north of Cortez Hills.
N=62
Error bars on isotope results are analytical error reported to
1 standard deviation. Scale is in meters and feet. Au (ppm) As Hg Sb Tl
408
Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
0 0 0 0
Unknown
Pathway for
F+
Ore-Fluids 200
BX
F+ Srm
BX 100
100 100
F 400
F
F+ Unknown δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ δ13C (V-PDB) ‰ Pathfinder Elements
Formation (ppm)
Depth (ft)
BX Fluid 0Pathway
5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
Depth (m)
0 0 0 600 0
Tqa 200 200 200
F+
BX Ohc 2 200
F
800
Dwb 100 100 100
F Unknown 400
Fluid
F 2
300 Pathway 300 300
1000
Ohc Dolostone Isotope 600
200 Signature 200 200
Depth (ft)
Depth (m)
1 1200 800
Srm
400 300
N=60 400 N=60 400
300 300 1000
Background 1200
F 3 Weakly depleted/Anomalous Weakly depleted/Anomalous Anomalous
Ohc 400 400 400
2
Depleted/Highly Anom. Depleted/Highly Anom. Highly 1400
Anom.
F+
BX Strongly2 Depleted/Very Highly Anom. 1600
500 500 500
N=62 N=62
Drill hole from 33000N cross-section located north of Cortez Hills. Error bars on isotope results Au
are(ppm)
analytical
As
error
Hg
reported
Sb
to
Tl
1 standard deviation. Scale is in meters and feet.
409
Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -6 -1 4 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
0 0 0 0
200
Dwb
100 100 100
400
F 600
F 200 200 200
+BX Srm
F 800
300 300 300 1000

F δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ δ13C (V-PDB) ‰ Pathfinder Elements
Depth (ft)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000

Depth (m)
400 400 400

0 0 0 1400 0
Tqa
F+
500 1600
BX 500 500
F 200
F 1800
Dwb Voodoo
100 Fault
Thrust 100 100
F 600 600 600 2000
18
O Halo 400
F
2200
700 700 700
Ohc 3 600
2400
F 200 200 200
2 2600
Depth (ft)
F 800 800 800
Depth (m)
Eqp 800
Oe Srm 2800
N=94 900
N=94 900
900
300 300 300 1000
F 3
Background 1200
400
Ohc 2
1400
F+ Anom.
2
500
1600
N=62 N=62
Drill hole from 33000N cross-section located north of Cortez Hills. Error bars on isotope results are analytical
Au (ppm) As error Sb
Hg Tl
reported to 1 standard deviation. Scale is in meters and feet.
410
Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
0 0 0 0
Tqa
200
100 100 100
Eqp 400
600
Dwb 200 200 200
800
F
+BX 300 300 300 1000
δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ δ13C (V-PDB) ‰ Pathfinder Elements 1200

Formation (ppm)
Depth (ft)
400 25 400 30 400 5
Depth (m)
0 5 10 15 20 -5 0 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000

0 0 0 1400
0
F Tqa
F+ 500 500 500 1600
F Voodoo
BX Thrust Fault
F 1800 200
18
O Halo
Dwb600 100 600 100 600 100 2000
F
400
2200
F
700 700 Missing 700
Srm Unknown Fluid sample 2400

600
Pathway
200 200 200
800 800 800 2600
Depth (ft)
Depth (m)
2800 800
F Srm900 N=107 900 N=107 900
3000
300 300 300Au (ppm) As Hg Sb Tl 1000
F 3
Background 1200
Ohc 2
1400
F+ Anom.
2
500
1600
N=62 cross-section located north of Cortez

Drill hole from 33000N N=62 Hills. Error bars on isotope results are analytical error
reported to 1 standard deviation. Scale is in meters and feet. Au (ppm) As Hg Sb Tl
411
Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -8 -3 2 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
0 0 0 0
200
100 100 100
400
Dwb
600
200 200 200
F 800
F
+BX 300 δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ 300 δ13C (V-PDB) ‰ 300 Pathfinder Elements
Depth (m)
Depth (ft)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
0 0 0 0
Tqa 1200
F F+ Srm 400 400
400
F BX Ponderosa 1400 200
+BX F Fault Zone
Dwb and
100 O
18
100 100
F Halo 1600
500 500 500
400
F+ F
BX 1800
600 600 600

Ohc 200 600 200 200 2000
Depth (ft)
Depth (m)
F+ 2200 800
Srm700
N=110 N=110
BX 700 700
300 300 300 1000
F Background 1200
3
Ohc 400 400 Anomalous
2
1400
F+ Anom.
2
500
1600
Drill hole from 28600N cross-section located across the core

N=62 N=62of Cortez Hills through the Lower Zone, Middle Zone
and Breccia Zone. Error bars on isotope results are analytical error reported to 1 standard deviation.
Au (ppm)Scale
As is in
Hgme- Sb Tl
ters and feet.
412
Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
0 0 0 0
200
100 100 100

400
Dwb
600
F+ 200 200 200
BX Unknown Fluid
F+ Pathway Pathfinder Elements 800
BX
Depth (ft)
Eqp 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
Depth (m)
F 300 0 300 0 300 0 1000 0

Tqa
FF+ Missing
BX 1200
Sample 200
F 400 400 400
F+
BX Dwb 100 100 100 1400
F
400
F F 500 1600
500 500
600
F+ 200 200 200 1800
BX
Depth (ft)
Lower Zone
Depth (m)
600 600 600

Orezone 2000 800
Srm
N=58 N=58
300 300 300 1000
F 3
Background 1200
Weakly
400
depleted/Anomalous Weakly
Ohc 2
1400
F+ Anom.
2
1600
N=62 N=62
Drill hole from 28600N cross-section located across the core of Cortez Hills through the Lower Zone, Middle Zone
and Breccia Zone. Error bars on isotope results are analytical error reported to 1 standard Au (ppm)
deviation. As
Scale Hg
is in Sb Tl
meters and feet.
413
Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
0 0 0 0
Tqa
200
F 100 100 100

400
F
Dwb 600
200 200 200
F
800
300 δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ 300 δ13C (V-PDB) ‰ 300

Pathfinder Elements
F 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
Depth (ft)
Depth (m)
0 0 0 1200 0
Tqa
F+ 400 400 400
BX 1400
F+ 200
F
BX 1600
Dwb500 100 500 100 500 100
F
F Eqp Middle zone 400
1800
F Orezone
F Voodoo Thrust 600
600 600 2000
+BX Fault 18O Halo
600
Srm 200 200 200
2200
Depth (ft)
700 700 700
Depth (m)
800
2400
F Srm
N=109 N=109 2600
800 300 800 300 800 300 1000
F 3
Background 1200
400
Ohc 2
1400
F+ Anom.
2
500
1600
N=62 N=62
Drill hole from 28600N cross-section located across the core of Cortez Hills through the Lower Zone, Middle
Au (ppm) As
Zone
Hg
andSb
Brec-Tl
cia Zone. Error bars on isotope results are analytical error reported to 1 standard deviation. Scale is in meters and feet.
414
Drill hole: DC-063
Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.001 0.1 10 1000
0 0 0 0
Tqa
200
Dhc
F 100 100 100
400
F Dwb
Formation (ppm)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 600
10000
Breccia
Depth (ft)
F 0 0 0 0
Depth (m)
200 Orezone 200 200

F+ Tqa
F+ Au Grade
BX Shell Target
BX 800
200
F
Dwb 100 100 100
F Dwb 1000 400
300 300 300
F
600
F+ 200 200 200 1200
BX Breccia
Depth (ft)
Orezone
Depth (m)
800
400 Au Grade 400 400
Srm 1400
Shell Target
N=51
300 N=51
300 300 1000
F 3
Background 1200
Weakly
400 depleted/Anomalous Weakly
Ohc 2
1400
F+ Anom.
2
1600
N=62 N=62
Au (ppm) As Hg
Drill hole from 28600N cross-section located across the core of Cortez Hills through the Lower Zone, Middle ZoneSb Tl
and Breccia Zone. Error bars on isotope results are analytical error reported to 1 standard deviation. Scale is in me-
ters and feet.
415
Drill hole: CHPZ-22A
Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
0 0 0 0
Cortez Fault
18
O Halo 200
100 100 100

400
Dwb 600
200 200 200
Formation (ppm)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 80010000
Depth (ft)
Depth (m)
0 0 0 0
Tqa
F+
300 300 300 1000
BX
200
F
Dwb 100 100 100
F Srm 1200
Cortez Fault 400
F Eqp 400
18
O Halo 400 400
F
1400
600
200 200 200
Ohc 1600
Depth (ft)
500 500 500
Depth (m)
800
Srm
N=66 N=66 1800
300 300 300(ppm)
Au As Hg Sb Tl 1000
F 3
Background 1200
Ohc 2
1400
F+ Anom.
2
1600
N=62 N=62
Drill hole from 28600N cross-section located across the core of Cortez Hills through the Lower Zone (LZ), Middle Zone
(MZ) and Breccia Zone (BZ). Error bars on isotope results are analytical error reported to 1 standard deviation. Scale
is in meters and feet.
416
Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
0 0 0 0
F 200
F 100 100 100
F 400
Dwb 600
200 200 200
F+ 5
BX 800
F+ 300 300 300 1000

BX δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ δ13C (V-PDB) ‰ Pathfinder Elements
F
Formation (ppm)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 1200 10000
Depth (ft)
400 0 400 0 400
Depth (m)
0 0
Tqa 1400
F+ F+
BX BX 1600
F 500 500 500
200
F
1800
F Srm Dwb 100 100 100
F Ohc 600 600 600
F 2000 400
West of
F F Lowerzone
2200
700 Orezone 700 700
F+ Major Fluid 600
200 200 200
2400
BX Pathway
3
Depth (ft)
800 800 800 2600
Depth (m)
Ohc 2 800
Srm 2800
900 N=116
300
900 N=116
300
900
300 3000 1000
F 3
Background 1200
400 400 Anomalous
Ohc 2
1400
F+ Anom.
2
1600
N=62 N=62
Drill hole from 27000N cross-section located across Cortez Hills through the Lower Lower Zone (LLZ) and
Au (ppm) As Lower
Hg ZoneSb Tl
(LZ). Error bars on isotope results are analytical error reported to 1 standard deviation. Scale is in meters and feet.
417
Drill hole: UGPZ-025
Formation δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ δ13C (V-PDB) ‰

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5
0 0
Srm 3
50 50
Eqp
100 100
1
Depth (m)
3
Ohc 150 150
2
2
200 200
2 N=23 N=23
Depleted/Highly Anom. Depleted/Highly Anom.
Strongly Depleted/Very Highly Anom.
Drill hole from 27000N cross-section located across Cortez Hills through the Lower Lower Zone (LLZ) and Lower Zone (LZ).
Error bars on isotope results are analytical error reported to 1 standard deviation. Scale is in meters and feet.
418
Drill hole: DC-234
Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.001 0.1 10 1000
0 0 0 0
Tqa
200
100 100 100
400
Dwb 600
200 200 200
800
300 300 300 Pathfinder Elements 1000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
Depth (ft)
Depth (m)
Eqp 1200
0 0 0 0
Tqa 400 400 400
F+ Srm 1400
BX
200
F 1600
500 Lower Zone 500 500
Dwb 100 100 100
F Oreshell 1800
and 400
F 600 Ponderosa 600
F 600 2000
F Fault Zone
18
O Halo 600
200 200 200 2200
F
700 700 700
Depth (ft)
F
Depth (m)
2400 800
Srm
N=58 N=58 800 2600
800 800
300 300 300 1000
F 3
Background 1200
Ohc 2
1400
F+ Anom.
2
500
1600
N=62 N=62
Drill hole from 27000N cross-section located across Cortez Hills through the Lower Lower Zone (LLZ)
Au (ppm) As
and
Hg
Lower
Sb Tl
Zone (LZ). Error bars on isotope results are analytical error reported to 1 standard deviation. Scale is in meters and
feet.
419
Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
0 0 0 0
200
Tqa 100 100 100
400
600
200 200 200
800
300 300 300 1000
Dwb Pathfinder Elements 1200

Formation
400 δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ 400 δ13C (V-PDB) ‰ 400 (ppm)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 1400
10000
Depth (m)
Pondex
0 0
Depth (ft)
0 0
Tqa 500 Thrust Fault 500 1600
500
F+ Srm 18
O Halo
BX 1800
Eqp 200
F 600 No carbonate 600 600 2000
Dwb 100 100 100
F 2200
700 700 700 400
East of
F Lowerzone 2400
Orezone
800 800 800 2600 600
200 Ponderosa Fault 200 200
2800
Zone Halo
Depth (ft)
900 900 900
Depth (m)
3000 800
Srm
N=65 N=65 3200
1000 1000 1000
300 300 300 1000
F 3
Background 1200
400
Ohc 2
1400
F+ Anom.
2
1600
N=62 N=62
Drill hole from 27000N cross-section located across Cortez Hills through the Lower Lower Zone (LLZ) and Lower Zone
(LZ). Error bars on isotope results are analytical error reported to 1 standard deviation. Scale is in meters and feet.
420
Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
0 0 0 0
200
Tqa 100 100 100
400
600
200 200 200
F+ 800
BX
Eqp 300 300 300 1000
F Pathfinder Elements
F
Dwb
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100
1200
10000
400 0 400 0 400
Depth (ft)
Depth (m)
0 0
F Tqa 1400
F+
F+
BX Srm
BX 500 500 500 1600
F+ 200
BX F Missing 1800
Dwb Pondex
FF 600
100
Thrust Fault 600
100 sample 600
100
2000400
F+ 18
O Target
BX F 2200
700 700 700
2400600
Srm 200 Ponderosa 200 200
Fault Zone 2600
Depth (ft)
800 800 800
Depth (m)
F 18
O Target 800
F 2800
Srm
900 N=60 900 N=60 900
300 300 300 3000
1000
F 3
Background 1200
Ohc 400 400 400 Anomalous
2
1400
F+ Anom.
2
1600
N=62 N=62
Drill hole from 26000N cross-section located across Cortez Hills through the Lower Au (ppm)
Zone (LZ). As
Error Hg Sb isotope
bars on Tl
results are analytical error reported to 1 standard deviation. Scale is in meters and feet.
421
Drill hole: CHUE-361
Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
0 0 0
100 100 100
Dwb
200 200 200
F+ δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ δ13C (V-PDB) ‰ Pathfinder Elements

BX Formation (ppm)
Depth (m)
300 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000

300 300
0 0 0 0
Depth (ft)
Tqa
F+
BX
400 400 400 200
F
Dwb 100 100 100
F
400
F Srm 500 500 500
600
200 200 200
600 600 600
3
Depth (ft)
Ohc
Depth (m)
800
2 Srm
N=28 N=28
Eqp 700 700
300 300 700 300 1000
F 3
Background 1200
Ohc 2
1400
F+ Anom.
2
500
1600
N=62 N=62
Au (ppm)
Drill hole from 26000N cross-section located across Cortez Hills through the Lower Zone (LZ). As on
Error bars Hgisotope
Sb Tl
422
Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
0 0 0 0
Tqa 200
100 100 100
400
600
200 200 200
Dwb 800
Unknown Fluid
300 Pathways 300 300 1000
F+ 1200
BX δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ 400 δ13C (V-PDB) ‰ 400 Pathfinder Elements
Formation 400 (ppm) 1400
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
Depth (ft)
Depth (m)
0 0 0 16000
Tqa 500 500 500
F+ Missing 1800
BX
F 600 600 sample 600 2000
200
Dwb 100 100 100

F West of 2200
700 700 700 400
Srm Lowerzone 2400
F Orezone
Major Fluid 800 800 2600
800
Pathway 600
200 200 200 2800
3
Ohc 900 900 900
Depth (ft)
3000
Depth (m)
2 800
Srm 3200
Eqp 1000 N=78 1000 N=78 1000
300 300 300 1000
F 3
Background 1200
Ohc 2
1400
F+ Anom.
2
1600
N=62 N=62
Drill hole from 26000N cross-section located across Cortez Hills through the Lower Zone (LZ). Error bars on isotope
423
Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
0 0 0 0
F+
BX
F+ Dwb 1 100 100 100
BX
500
200 200 200
Srm 5
F+ 300 300 300 Pathfinder Elements 1000
BX
Depth (ft)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
Depth (m)
0 0 0 0
Tqa 400 400 400
F+ Eqp
BX Ponderosa 1500
200
F Fault Zone
Ponderosa Srm 500 500 500
Fault Zone Dwb and
100 O halo
18
100 100
F
400
F 3 600 600 600
2000
Ohc 600
2 200 200 200
Faulting 700
700 700
Depth (ft)
and 2
Depth (m)
brecciation 1 800
Srm 2500
3 N=92 800
N=92 800
800
300 300 300 Au (ppm) As Hg Sb Tl 1000
F 3
Background 1200
Ohc 2
1400
F+ Anom.
2
1600
N=62 N=62
Drill hole from NW-SE long-section located across Cortez Hills along the strike of Lower Zone Au (LZ).
(ppm) Error
As bars
Hgon iso-
Sb Tl
tope results are analytical error reported to 1 standard deviation. Scale is in meters and feet.
424
Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -6 -1 4 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
0 0 0 0
Tqa
100 100 100
Dwb 500
200 200 200
300 300 300 1000

Eqp
400 400 400
Pathfinder Elements 1500

500
Formation δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ 500 δ13C (V-PDB) ‰ 500
(ppm)
Depth (m)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
Depth (ft)
600 0 600 0 600 0 0
2000
Tqa
F+ 700 700 700
BX
2500 200
F 800 800 800
Dwb 100 100 100
F 900 Falcon 900 900
3000 400
Fault
F Srm 18
O Halo 1000
1000 1000
1100 1100 1100 3500 600

200 200 200
Depth (ft)
1200 1200 1200
Depth (m)
Unknown 4000 800

Ohc Srm1300 Ore-Fluid 1300 1300
N=110 Pathway N=110
300 300 300 1000
F 3
Background 1200
Ohc 2
1400
F+ Anom.
2
1600
N=62 N=62
Drill hole from NW-SE long-section located across Cortez Hills along the strike of Lower Zone (LZ). Error bars on iso-
425
Drill hole: CHPZ-293
Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
0 0 0 0
Tqa
Tvc 200
Ttf 100 100 100

400
600
Dwb 200
200 200 Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
Depth (ft)
800
Depth (m)
0 0 0 0
Tqa
F+
300 300 300 1000
BX
200
F
Dwb Falcon-Cortez
100 100 100
F 1200
Fault Block 18O 400
F 400 Halo 400 400
F
1400
600
200 200 200
Unknown Fluid 1600
Depth (ft)
500 500 500
Depth (m)
F Unk Pathway 800

Eqp
Srm
N=55 N=55 1800
300 300 300Au (ppm) As Hg Sb Tl 1000
F 3
Background 1200
Ohc 2
1400
F+ Anom.
2
1600
N=62 N=62
Drill hole from NW-SE long-section located across Cortez Hills along the strike of Lower ZoneAu (LZ). ErrorAs
(ppm) bars Hg
on iso-
Sb Tl
426
Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
0 0 0 0
Tqa
F
+BX
200
F
100 100 100
+BX
400
F
+BX
F 600
+BX Dwb 200 200 200
Falcon-Cortez
F Fault Block
Pathfinder Elements 800
+BX Formation δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ δ13C (V-PDB) ‰ (ppm)
Depth (ft)
F 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
Depth (m)
+BX 300
0 3000 3000 1000 0
Tqa
F+
BX 1200
200
FF 400 400 400
+BX Dwb 100 100 100 1400
F
400
FF 1600
Srm 500 Unknown Fluid 500 500
Pathway 600
200 200 200 1800
F
Depth (ft)
Depth (m)
F 600 600 600

2000 800
+BX Srm N=96 N=96
300 300 300 Au (ppm) As Hg Sb Tl 1000
F 3
Background 1200
Weakly
400
depleted/Anomalous Weakly
Ohc 2
1400
F+ Anom.
2
1600
N=62 N=62
Drill hole from NW-SE long-section located across Cortez Hills along the strike of Lower Zone (LZ). Error bars on
isotope results are analytical error reported to 1 standard deviation. Scale is in meters and feet.
427
Drill hole: CH05-114 Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.001 0.1 10 1000
0 0 0 0
Tqa 400
200 200 200

800
F+
BX
1200
F 400 400 400
F+
BX Formation (ppm) 1600
Depth (ft)
Depth (m)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000

0 0 0 0
F+ 600 600 600
Dwb Tqa 2000
BX F+
BX
200
F 2400
F+
BX Dwb 800 100 100 800 100
F 800
Unknown Fluid
Pathway 2800 400
F
Unk 3200 600
F+ 1000 1000 1000
200 200 200
BX
Depth (ft)
3600
Depth (m)
800
Srm N=134 N=134
1200 1200 1200
300 300 Au (ppm)
300 As Hg Sb Tl 1000
F 3
Background 1200
Ohc 2
1400
F+ Anom.
2
1600
N=62 N=62
Drill hole from NW-SE long-section located across Cortez Hills along the strike of Lower Zone (LZ). Error bars on
isotope results are analytical error reported to 1 standard deviation. Scale is in meters and feet.
428
Formation (ppm)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -6 -1 4 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
0 0 0 0
Tqa
200
100 100 100
400
200 200 200 600

800
300 300 300 1000
1200
400 400 400
Dwb 1400
Formation
500 500 500 (ppm) 1600
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
1800
Depth (m)
0 0 0 0
Depth (ft)
Tqa600 600 600 2000
F+
BX 2200
700 700 700 200
F 2400
Dwb 100 100 800 100 2600
F 800 800
2800 400
F Srm 900 900 900
3000
3200 600
1000 1000 1000
200 200 200 3400
Depth (ft)
1100 1100 1100 3600
Depth (m)
800
Ohc 3800
Srm
1200 1200 1200
N=81 N=81 4000
300 300 300 1000
F 3
Background 1200
Ohc 2
1400
F+ Anom.
2
1600
Drill hole from NE-SW N=62

long-section located across Cortez Hills
N=62 (Perrin, 2012). No analytical error documented in source
results. Scale is in meters and feet. Au (ppm) As Hg Sb Tl
429
Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -6 -1 4 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
0 0 0 0
Tqa
200
100 100 100
400
600
200 200 200
800
Dwb
300 δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ 300 δ13C (V-PDB) ‰ 300 Pathfinder Elements 1000
Formation (ppm)
Depth (m)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
Depth (ft)
0 0 0 1200 0
Tqa
F+ 400 400 400
BX 1400
200
F
Dwb 500 1600
500 100 500 100 100
F
400
1800
F
600 600 600 2000
600
200 200 200
2200
Depth (ft)
700
Depth (m)
700 700 800

Srm Srm 2400
N=55300 N=55
300 800 300 2600 1000
800 800
F 3
Background 1200
Ohc 2
1400
F+ Anom.
2
1600
Drill hole from NE-SW N=62

N=62 (Perrin, 2012). No analytical error documented in source
430
Drill hole: DC-208
Formation δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ δ13C (V-PDB) ‰ Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5
0 0 0
200
Tqa 100 100
400
200 200 600
800
300 300 1000
Dwb 1200
400 400
Depth (m)
1400
500 500 1600
1800
600 600
2000
Srm 2200
700 700
Eqp
2400
800 800 2600
2800
900 900
Ohc 3000
N=34 N=34 3200
1000 1000
Depleted/Highly Anom. Depleted/Highly Anom.
Strongly Depleted/Very Highly Anom.

Drill hole from NE-SW long-section located across Cortez Hills (Perrin, 2012). No analytical error documented in source
results. Scale is in meters and feet.
431
Drill hole: DC-093
Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
0 0 0
Tqa
100 100 100
200 200 200

Dwb
300 300 300
Depth (ft)
Formation
400 400 400 (ppm)
Depth (m)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000

Eqp 0 0 0 0
Tqa
F+ 500 500 500
BX
200
F
600Dwb 100 600 100 600 100
F
400
F
700 700 700
Srm 600
200 200 200
800 800 800
Depth (ft)
Depth (m)
800
SrmN=40 N=40
900 900 900
300 300 300 1000
F 3
Background 1200
Ohc 2
1400
F+ Anom.
2
1600
Drill hole from NE-SW long-section located across Cortez

N=62 Hills (Perrin, 2012). No analytical error documented in source
N=62
432
Drill hole: 98202
Formation δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ Pathfinder Elements
δ13C (V-PDB) ‰ (ppm)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
0 0 0
Dwb
100 100 100
200 200 200

Srm Formation δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ δ13C (V-PDB) ‰ Pathfinder Elements
(ppm)
Depth (ft)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
Depth (m)
0 0 0 0
Tqa 300 300 300
F+
BX
200
F
Dwb400 100 100 100
F 400 400
400
F
500 500 500 600

200 200 200
Depth (ft)
Depth (m)
800
Srm 600
N=26 600 N=26 600
300 300 300 1000
F 3
Background 1200
Ohc 2
1400
F+ Anom.
2
1600
Drill hole from NE-SW long-section

N=62 located across Cortez Hills
N=62(Perrin, 2012). No analytical error documented in source
433
Drill hole: DC-247 Pathfinder Elements
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10000
0 0 0
Tqa
200
100 100 100
400
600
200 200 200
800
BX 300 300 300 1000
Dwb δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰ δ13C (V-PDB) ‰ Pathfinder Elements 1200

Formation
400 400 400 (ppm)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 0.0001 0.01 1 100 1400 10000
Depth (m)
Depth (ft)
0 0 0 0
Tqa500 500 500 1600
F+
BX 1800
200
F 600 600 600
2000
Dwb 100 100 100
F 2200
700 700 700 400
F 2400
Eqp
Eqp Lower Zone 2600
800 800 800 600
Orezone
200 200 200
Srm 2800
Depth (ft)
3 900
900 900
Depth (m)
F Ohc 3000 800

2
Srm
N=52 N=52 3200
1000 1000 1000
300 300 300
Au (ppm) As Hg Sb Tl 1000
F 3
Background 1200
Ohc 2
1400
F+ Anom.
2
1600
Drill hole from NE-SW N=62 N=62 (Perrin, 2012). No analytical error documented in source
434
Appendix E. Investigating Sampling Error; Heterogeneity of Pulped Rock
Samples
E.1. Report
E.1 Introduction and Objectives
The first objective of the thesis was to analyze powdered pulp samples for 13C and 18O isotopes to
determine the size and intensity of the alteration haloes/ footprint around the deposit. The number of
pulped rock samples to be sampled is >2000 therefore it is important to maximize the precision of the data
and ensure the samples analyzed are representative of the whole 3.048 m (10 ft) Au assay pulp bag. This is
important when utilizing a large sample size for defining the deposit alteration and use as a vectoring tool.
The main cause of errors in rock and mineral sample results for mining project evaluation is the heterogene-
ity of sampled materials (Gy, 1982; Francois-Bongarcon, 1993; Pitard, 1993). Constitution heterogeneity and
distribution heterogeneity (Pitard, 1993) are important and cause geological sampling errors. Heterogeneity
of sample material depends on shape and size of the particles, size that the critical components are liberated
and mineralogy and density of gangue and valuable components (Abzalov, 2011). Heterogeneity is defined;
“as the quality or state of being diverse in character or content” (Oxford English Dictionary). The definition of
precision: is the “spread” or variability of repeated measures of the same value. The definition of accuracy: is
the closeness of a measured value to the true value (Killup and Dyar, 2010).
Several concerns that influence the analytical error that must be considered are sampling bias, and
heterogeneity. The three types of error that exist in geology are:
1. Analytical and instrument errors resulting from weighing, digestion, calibration proce-
dures and performance of analytical equipment.
2. Geological errors produced in the collection of the samples in the field.
3. Sampling protocol and practice errors. Protocols are the procedures used for sample
extraction and preparation. Practices depend on the level to which the protocol was
developed, implemented and followed which includes delimitations, extractions, prepa-
ration and weighing errors.
The study objective was to test the heterogeneity of the pulps between mixed and unmixed sam-
435
ples to determine if unmixed samples can be sampled and analyzed. This is part of the third objective in this
thesis to establish optimal sampling protocols and strategies to effectively utilize stable isotopes and geo-
chemistry in exploration. This will decrease the preparation time as mixing and splitting >2000 pulp bags in
an academic environment without an automated system that is used in industrial labs is time consuming. If
the results produced for the unmixed are not reproducible to a reasonable standard deviation and less than
the analytical error then all pulps for the thesis would be mixed using a splitter. This will be important when
comparing the results obtained from pulp analyses versus vein and host rock samples sampled from reverse
circulation (RC) chips and core from drill holes.
E.2 Methodology
E.2.1 13C and 18O Isotope Analysis
The pulp heterogeneity test was the first 13C and 18O analysis session of the thesis. Analyses were
performed on the IO-CAOS (off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy) Los Gatos Research (LGR) Carbon-
ate Isotope Analyzer instrument in the Mineral Deposit Research Units lab at the University of British Colum-
bia, Canada. The isotope analysis method is described in detail in Appendix. including QA/QC. δ18O and δ13C
values are reported in per mil (‰). δ18O is reported in accordance with the Vienna Standard Mean Ocean
Water (V-SMOW) and δ13C in accordance with the Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (V-PDB).
The first session was performed to obtain the appropriate weights for sample digestion as the quanti-
ty of carbonate within a pulp bag is unknown. It also provides a test of reproducibility between the first
and second session. A second session re-analyzing the same pulp samples were performed using the same
weight for each sample bag.
Five intervals from 5 drill holes were selected at a depth of 171–226m (561–741ft) down a drill hole
as displayed in Table 1. Each pulp bag represents a 3.048 m (10 ft) interval of the drill hole. 4 of the intervals
are from the Devonian Wenban Formation (Dwb) Fm. and the fifth (AAO3288) is from the Silurian Roberts
Mountain (Srm) Fm. Eight samples were obtained from each of the 5 intervals; 3 unmixed and 5 mixed.
Pulps bags were mixed using a metal sample splitter which was cleaned with compressed air, flushed with
water and finally cleaned with ethyl alcohol before each sample. Each metal box of the splitter was lined with
paper and replaced for each new drill hole pulp. Sampling splitting procedure was:
1. Pulp bag briskly shaken and poured along top of splitter into two metal boxes
436
2. Opened boxes and mixed together on a single paper sheet and repeated two additional
times. A sample of ~5g was collected and placed in a glass container.
3. The pulp was split and sampled a further four times.
Table 1. Sample information.
Depth Depth
Hole ID Sample ID Formation Lithology
(metres) (feet)
CHPZ-293 226 740 CCH02689 Dwb Silty-mudstone
DC-234 219 720 BBA2738 Dwb Silty-mudstone
CH05-020 171 560 AAO3288 Srm Silty-mudstone
Lime mud-
CH05-005 207 680 AAM5356 Dwb
stone
Lime mud-
CH04-051 177 580 AAL7954 Dwb
stone
Unmixed samples were briskly shaken in the pulp bag and sampled from the middle of the bag as
grains may settle towards the top decreasing the probability of heterogeneity. Sample weights varied be-
tween 15–20 mg for the first session and 22–26 mg for the second. The weight remained consistent for each
pulp bag during the second session, not the first. Samples were weighed on weighing sheets which were re-
placed after each sample and the weighing machine has a precision of ± 1 mg. The metal utensil was rinsed
with ethyl alcohol after each sample. The weighed sample was transferred to a glass vial sealed by a plastic
top and rubber seal. 85% concentrate phosphoric acid (H3PO4) was added to the vial via a glass syringe and
12–16 drops were added depending on the weight. The vial was shaken to ensure all powder was in contact
with the acid aiding digestion. Vials were then placed in a conduction heater for 60-90 minutes and set at a
temperature of ~70°C prior to analysis.
Standards used for the first session were BN13 and CO2 tank gas. Standards for the second session
were: BN13, Sigma, BDH and CO2 tank gas.
E.2.2 Processing δ13C and δ18O Isotope Data
Raw analytical data was processed by a second party; Dr. A. Beinlich. For CO2 concentration correc-
tion all raw results were calibrated relative to 2000 ppm CO2. For drift correction the first test session includ-
ed 2 standards whereas the second test session included 4 standards (Beinlich et al., 2017). This included
437
2 point calibration on 13C for the second session. The results from the first session had a standard deviation
(2σ) of 0.61‰ for δ13C (V-PDB) and 1.49‰ for δ18O (V-SMOW). The second session produced an overall
improved standard deviation (2σ) of 0.78‰ for δ13C (V-PDB) and 0.78‰ for δ18O (V-SMOW). δ13C is higher on
the second session but this may be due to the improved calibration with increased number of standards and
2 point calibration.
E.2.3 X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis
Analysis was carried out on samples to determine qualitatively the mineral phases present in pulp
samples. Mineral phases may influence the variability of δ13C or δ18O between sample analyses. An example
is dolomite where isotope result precision from the method (acid and instrument) were not reproducible
compared to calcite samples (S.Barker, pers. comm., 2015). Dolomite takes a longer time to digest in H3PO4
compared to calcite and the standard 1 hour digestion time in the conduction may not be sufficient to
produce isotopic measurements representative of the chosen sample (Rye et al., 1974, Radtke et al. 1980;
Ahmed, 2010, Rosenbaum and Sheppard, 1986). The standards used for instrument calibration primarily
calcite, leading to misinterpretation of results for dolomitic samples.
XRD analysis was performed on the Bruker D8 Focus diffractometer which uses the 0-20 LynxEye de-
tector. It is located at the Electron Microbeam/ X-ray diffraction Facility at the University of British Columbia.
The samples for XRD analysis were unmixed. The samples were smear mounted for analysis and the program
used for the diffractometer was “mati 3-80-03 07s 60rpm”. Analysis time for each sample was 32 minutes.
Results were processed using Bruker DIFFRACT.Eva software to identify mineral phases.
E.3 Results and Discussion
δ13C and δ18O Analysis
Results are presented in Fig. E1. with calculated mean and standard deviation of the sample pop-
ulations. The statistics for the results are plotted in the box and whisker plots (Fig. E2) and on a x-y scatter
plot (Fig. E3). There is no clear pattern where the SD is higher or lower for all unmixed versus mixed sam-
ples which demonstrates the samples are homogenous and well-mixed prior to sampling. For δ18O all mixed
values have a higher SD than unmixed values with the exception of BBA2738. For δ13C all mixed values have
a higher SD than unmixed values with the exception of AAL7954. All samples displayed a random pattern ex-
cept AAL7954 (green) and AAO3288 (purple) which display a co-linear trend when δ13C and δ18O are plotted
438
against each other as shown in Fig. E3.
No clear pattern occurred in δ13C and δ18O compositions between unmixed or mixed samples of each
pulp bag except for AAL7954 where two unmixed samples are outliers. These two outliers are 1 to 1.2 ‰
heavier for δ13C and 1.5 to 2 ‰ heavier for δ18O. These two samples were analyzed after performing a CO2
gas tank sample and before a BDH standard. The shift may be due to an error made in the method rather
than the pulp sample not being homogeneous. For example the error could be produced if the instrument
external gas lines were not cleaned sufficiently after the CO2 gas tank sample thus producing a memory
effect. If this assumption is correct these samples and outliers would not display a co-linear trend. These
outliers also increase the SD for unmixed samples obtained from pulp bag AAL7954. This is best demonstrat-
ed using δ13C for unmixed samples which has a SD of 3.14 ‰.
All samples were analyzed one after each other except for CCH2689-6, CCH2689-7, CCH2689-8 which
were analyzed between BBA2738-4 and BBA2738-6. This change in analysis sequence from a single pulp bag
displayed no significant change in results.
Table 2. displays the results from the XRD analyses and there is no clear change in δ18O or δ13C be-
tween the 3 samples that contain dolomite and the 1 sample (BBA2738) that does not.
Geological error is greater than analytical error for all pulp bags with the exception of AAM5356 and
BBA2738. These pulp bags have the lowest error and are the most homogeneous samples.
Table 2. XRD results for each sample for the identified mineral phases present.
Sample Identified Mineral Phases

Calcite, dolomite, quartz, pyrite, clinochlore,
CCH02689
orthoclase, muscovite, tremolite
BBA2738 Calcite, tremolite, clinochlore, illite
Calcite, dolomite, quartz, muscovite, kaolinite,
AAO3288
titanite
Calcite, dolomite, quartz, pyrite, phlogopite,
AAM5356
kaoloinite, illite
AAL7954 Calcite, dolomite, quartz, clinochlore, phlogopite
E.4 Conclusions and Recommendations
An unknown cause of co-linear trends remains. Geologic variability in pulps is greater than the
analytical uncertainty. The pulps are heterogeneous but not to a significant standard deviation between
439
unmixed and mixed samples to warrant splitting and mixing pulp bags prior to sampling. All 5 samples except
BBA2738 contain dolomite. No influence of mineralogy on 13C and 18O values and range. Dolomite quantity in
a sample may influence the δ13C or δ18O signatures however further investigation would be required.
Perform a session prior to the main test session to determine the appropriate weights of pulp sam-
ples as carbonate content can vary between formation, lithology and intensity of alteration and mineraliza-
tion.Sampling unmixed pulp bags must be performed methodologically and with caution. Sampling unmixed
pulp bags provides reliable data and is time efficient which is important when analyzing large sample sizes.
This provides the geologist with an opportunity to sub-sample the pulp bag at the project site rather than
submitting a whole pulp bag to the lab. Pulps received from commercial labs may be used for isotope analy-
sis without repeating the splitting, mixing and homogenizing sampling procedures.
E.5 References
Abzalov, M. (2011). Sampling Errors and Control of Assay Data Quality in Exploration and Mining Geology. In
Exploration and Mining Geology, Applications and Experiences of Quality Control, Prof. Ognyan Ivan
ov (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-236-4.
Francois-Bongarcon, D. (1993). The Practice of the Sampling Theory of Broken Ore. CIM Bulletin. Vol. 86. No.
970. P. 75-81. ISSN 0317-0926.
Gy, P. (1982). Sampling of Particulate Materials, Theory and Practice, 2nd Edition, Developments in Geomath
ematics 4. Elsevier. ISBN 0-444-42079-7, Amsterdam. 431 p.
Pitard, F.F. (1993). Pierre Gy’s Sampling Theory and Sampling Practise, 2nd Edition. CRC Press, ISBN 0-8493-
8917-8, New York. 488 p.
Killup, S., and Dyar, M.D. (2010). Geostatistics Explained: An Introductory Guide for Earth Scientists. ISBN
978-0-521-74656-4. Cambridge University Press. 391 p.
440
Figure E1.1. Pulp heterogeneity results for the mean and standard deviation of the
sample populations.
441
Figure E1.2. Box and whisker plots displaying the statistics for the pulp heterogeneity results.
Figure E1.3. X-Y scatter plot of the 5 pulped rock sample bags that were sampled 8
times (3 unmixed, 5 mixed samples) and analyzed for carbon and oxygen isotopes.
442
Appendix E2. Pulp Heterogeneity Test
δ13C δ18O
Sample type SampleID SD (2σ) SD (2σ)
(V_PDB ‰) (V_SMOW) ‰
Unmixed CCH02689-1 -2.89 0.78 15.61 0.78
Unmixed CCH02689-2 -2.70 0.78 14.94 0.78
Unmixed CCH02689-3 -3.43 0.78 14.97 0.78
Mixed CCH02689-4 -3.47 0.78 15.31 0.78
Mixed CCH02689-5 -1.76 0.78 16.85 0.78
Mixed CCH02689-6 -2.26 0.78 16.40 0.78
Mixed CCH02689-7 -2.86 0.78 15.37 0.78
Mixed CCH02689-8 -3.13 0.78 15.17 0.78
Unmixed BBA2738-1 -0.14 0.78 21.08 0.78
Unmixed BBA2738-2 0.02 0.78 22.48 0.78
Unmixed BBA2738-3 0.03 0.78 22.51 0.78
Mixed BBA2738-4 -0.49 0.78 21.05 0.78
Mixed BBA2738-5 -0.03 0.78 21.25 0.78
Mixed BBA2738-6 -0.18 0.78 21.78 0.78
Mixed BBA2738-7 -1.02 0.78 21.08 0.78
Mixed BBA2738-8 -0.83 0.78 20.70 0.78
Unmixed AAO3288-1 0.43 0.78 11.58 0.78
Unmixed AAO3288-2 -0.82 0.78 10.93 0.78
Unmixed AAO3288-3 0.62 0.78 12.09 0.78
Mixed AAO3288-4 0.70 0.78 12.56 0.78
Mixed AAO3288-5 -0.30 0.78 10.50 0.78
Mixed AAO3288-6 -0.00 0.78 11.01 0.78
Mixed AAO3288-7 -1.19 0.78 9.50 0.78
Mixed AAO3288-8 0.52 0.78 11.59 0.78
Unmixed AAM5356-1 0.11 0.78 20.37 0.78
Unmixed AAM5356-2 0.05 0.78 21.21 0.78
Unmixed AAM5356-3 0.23 0.78 21.43 0.78
Mixed AAM5356-4 0.84 0.78 21.80 0.78
Mixed AAM5356-5 -0.18 0.78 20.36 0.78
Mixed AAM5356-6 0.00 0.78 20.31 0.78
Mixed AAM5356-7 0.60 0.78 21.36 0.78
Mixed AAM5356-8 0.10 0.78 21.02 0.78
Unmixed AAL7954-1 1.79 0.78 22.94 0.78
Unmixed AAL7954-2 2.05 0.78 23.87 0.78
Unmixed AAL7954-3 -0.09 0.78 21.87 0.78
Mixed AAL7954-4 0.40 0.78 20.59 0.78
Mixed AAL7954-5 0.01 0.78 18.83 0.78
Mixed AAL7954-6 0.70 0.78 18.29 0.78
Mixed AAL7954-7 0.06 0.78 21.27 0.78
Mixed AAL7954-8 0.52 0.78 21.41 0.78
443
Appendix F. Aqua Regia Versus Four Acid-Digestion Study
F.1. Report
F.1 Introduction and Objectives
Carlin pathfinder elements (Ag, Bi, As, Hg, Sb, and Tl) are utilized as a vectoring tool in combination
with δ13C and δ18O isotope data. The major and trace elements are used to help:
1. Identify formations via lithogeochemistry.
2. Understand the type of alteration that has occurred.
3. how alteration influences the isotopic compositions of the rock.
4. understand the chemostratigraphy of the host rocks.
In mineral exploration, the decision to use aqua regia versus four-acid digestion methods for
ICP-analysis is dependent on company project budgets, the type of host rock and, elements and minerals
associated with the deposit type. To determine pathfinder element threshold concentrations; the existing
surface geochemistry database was used and new data was collected. Legacy geochemistry drill hole data
obtained by Placer Dome Inc. and Barrick Gold Corp. prior to 2011 was analyzed using aqua regia digestion
and surface geochemistry data of the Cortez District was obtained using four-acid digestion. In this thesis,
geochemistry in 26 out of 29 drill holes sampled for C-O isotope analysis (pulps, RC-chips and core) were
obtained using aqua regia digestion.
Aqua regia digestion is the partial digestion of all minerals. It includes a mixture of hydrochloric acid
(HCl) and nitric acid (HNO3) to dissolve sulfides, some oxides and some altered silicates. Four acid digestion
is the near complete digestion of all minerals. Complete digestion using fusion methods was not deemed
necessary as the rare earth oxides and other minerals are not important in the understanding of CTD hydro-
thermal systems and stratigraphy of host rocks.
This study is part of the third thesis objective to establish optimal sampling protocols and strategies
to effectively utilize stable isotopes and geochemistry in exploration. The study objective was to determine if
elements used for pathfinder elements and lithogeochemistry in aqua regia drill hole data are reliable. If not,
a correction factor was applied.
444
F.2 Methodology
Pulps analyzed were collected from the Devonian Wenban Fm. of drill hole CH04-051. This drill hole
is located along the NW-SE long section between the Cortez and Cortez Hills deposits. They were sampled
from 0 -220 m down the drill hole. Samples were obtained from 3.048 m (10 ft) interval Au assay pulp bags.
These were split by the worker at the University of British Columbia using a metal sample splitter and sent
to ALS for four-acid and aqua regia digestions ICP-analysis. A total of 37 samples were chosen and the same
interval analyzed for δ13C and δ18O isotope analysis on the LGR Carbonate Isotope Analyzer at the University
of British Columbia.
Four-acid digestion involves the use of hydrofluoric acid (HF), nitric acid (HNO3), perchloric acid
(HClO4) followed by HCl leach. The digestion procedure for a 0.25 g sample is as follows: digested with
perchloric, nitric, and hydrofluoric acids to near dryness followed by further digestion in a small amount of
hydrochloric acid. The solution is made up to a final volume of 12.5 mL with 11 % hydrochloric acid, homoge-
nized, and analysed by ICP-MS or ICP-AES (ALS, 2009). The ALS analysis code used is ME-MS61m. Mercury is
digested and analyzed separately because four-acid digestion is carried out at a temperature of 185°C where-
by high quantities of Hg may be lost by evaporation. Aqua regia digestion is used for Hg at a lower tempera-
ture of 115°C which prevents evaporation and improves the accuracy.
Aqua regia digestion involves the use of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO3). The ALS analy-
sis code used is ME-MS41.
F.3 Results
Results for the 37 samples are presented in x-y scatter plots with a regression line plotted through
the origin (Fig. F1.1). Comparison of the two digestion methods displayed three statistical groups (Table 1).
The three statistical groups are:
1. 1:1 correlation
2. Close to 1:1 correlation with systematic deviation within analytical error
3. No correlation with systematic deviation outside analytical error.
Elements that display close to a 1:1 correlation and systematic deviation within analytical error are
445
major elements that form common oxides and sulfides. Immobile elements are the most difficult to digest
using these two acid digestion methods and display the poorest correlation with systematic deviation outside
of analytical error with a R2 less than 1.5 e.g. Ti, Ta, Hf, Zr. This is predictable and the immobility is caused by
their incorporation into silicate crystal structure. CTD pathfinder elements display strong correlation e.g. >
0.8 (r2) for As, Hg, Sb, Tl. Other elements such as Ag, Bi, Te and W associated with CTDs, and intrusion-relat-
ed deposits display strong correlation with an R2 value > 0.9. Elements (Mg, Sr, Mn) used for lithogeochem-
istry and chemostratigraphy in carbonate rocks display a strong correlation with R2 values > 0.85. Elements
utilized for the lithogeochemistry and chemostratigraphy (Na, V, P and Ca) display poorer but good correla-
tion with a R2 value of 0.55–0.67. These elements and others (Co, Cu, Fe, W and Zn) displayed good correla-
tion and could be used to identify peaks and troughs in datasets for mineralization, alteration and fluid flow.
It would be inappropriate to use them for quantitative relationships.
Table 1. Statistical groups for each element analyzed for aqua regia versus four-acid digestion.
1:1 Correlation Systematic deviation Systematic deviation

within error outside error
Ca, Cu, Mg, Zn Ag, As, Cd, Fe, Mn, Ni, P, Bi, Co, Cs, Ge, In, Li, Mo, Pb,
Se, Sr, Y Sb, Te, Tl, U
Down Drill Hole Comparison
Qualitative relationships of lithologies, formations, alteration, and mineralization can be developed
with down drillhole data using peaks, troughs and the correlation of datasets. These qualitative relationships
are an important aspect of mineral exploration where the resolution of data is compromised for an increase
in data points collected. This compromise will not provide a high accuracy of data for lithologies, formations,
alteration and mineralization. These qualitative relationships are important hence the two digestion meth-
ods were compared for all elements down drill holes against depth. Two elements of each statistical group
are presented in Fig. F1.2. The four pathfinder elements (As, Hg, Sb and Tl) displayed strong correlation in
concentration and the peaks or troughs (Fig. F1.2). Thallium displayed the poorest relationship between aqua
regia and four acid digestion. Bismuth shows correlation with the peaks and troughs except for 220m and
between 50–60m there is an additional peak that is not identified in aqua regia. For aqua regia digestion,
Bi shows relatively linear trends with the same value for up to 50m intervals whereas four-acid digestion
does not. Silver displays correlation with the peaks and troughs except for 8–20m where there is a peak in
the four-acid digestion. Silver concentrations for aqua regia and four-acid digestion have a strong correla-
446
tion. Arsenic displays strong correlation with the peaks and troughs (Fig. F1.1D). Arsenic is similar to Bi
where there are linear down hole trends of up to 19 m but with four-acid the trend fluctuates more. Mercury
displays correlation with the peaks and troughs except for 165 m. Mercury concentrations for aqua regia
and four-acid digestion have a strong correlation. Antimony displays the poorest correlation out of the other
Carlin-type and intrusion-related pathfinder elements with peaks and troughs not correlating down hole (Fig
F1.1E).
None of the pathfinder elements or element concentration trends described for a single interval
deviate more than one magnitude down drill hole for aqua regia and four-acid digestion.
F.4 Conclusions and Recommendations
Four elements show a 1:1 correlation, two of which will be utilized in the thesis (Mg, Ca). Carlin-type
deposit pathfinder (As and Ag), and lithogeochemistry elements (Mn, P, Sr) show systematic deviation within
error.
A correction factor should be applied to Sb and Tl for all drill hole data to enable an accurate back-
ground threshold to be defined. Four-acid digestion should be chosen for multi-element geochemistry for
mineral exploration in CTD environments to improve the accuracy of lithogeochemistry, chemostratigraphy
and understanding of alteration.
447
30 7
Ca y = 1.0541x Mg
R² = 0.4156 6
25
Aqua Regia (wt.%)

Aqua Regia (wt.%)
20 y = 0.9884x
R² = 0.9895
4
15
3
10
2
5 1
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Four-Acid (wt.%) Four-Acid (wt.%)
0.4 500
Ag As
400 y = 1.0609x
0.3 y = 0.7807x R² = 0.999
R² = 0.5659
Aqua Regia (ppm)
Aqua Regia (ppm)
300
0.2
200
0.1
100
0 0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0 100 200 300 400 500
Four-Acid (ppm) Four-Acid (ppm)
2
30
Sb 1.8
Tl
25 1.6
1.4
Aqua Regia (ppm)
Aqua Regia (ppm)
20 y = 0.6328x
1.2 R² = 0.9203
15 1
0.8
10
0.6
y = 0.5649x
R² = 0.9748 0.4
5
0.2
0 0
0 10 20 30 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Four-Acid (ppm) Four-Acid (ppm)
Figure F1.1. Four-acid versus aqua regia digestion scatter plots for Ca, Mg, Ag, As, Sb and Tl.
Black line is y=x and is extrapolated from the origin. Green line is the regression line for the
data. R2 and regression equation is displayed on each scatterplot. Analytical error bars are
displayed.
448
1:1 correlation Systematic deviation Systematic deviation
within the error outside the error
Wt (%) ppm ppm
0 20 40 60 0 100 200 300 400 500 0 10 20 30
0 0 0
A C E
50 50 50
Ca Ag Sb
100 100
Depth (m)
Depth (m)
100
Depth (m)
150 150 150
200 200 200
Wt (%) ppm ppm

0 2 4 6 8 0 200 400 600 800 1000 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
0 0 0
B D F
50 50 50
Mg As Tl
100 100 100
Depth (m)
Depth (m)
Depth (m)
150 150 150
200 200 200
Figure F1.2. Downhole drillhole scatterplot against Ca, Mg, Ag, and As concentrations for aqua
regia and four acid digestion. Red circles are four-acid digestion and green circles are aqua regia
digestion.
449
Appendix F2. Surface Geochemistry Results
Systematic
Element y=x R2 1:1 Systematic
deviation
correlation deviation
outside of error
Ag (ppm) 0.781 0.566
Ca Ag Bi
As (ppm) 1.061 0.999
Cu As Co
Bi (ppm) 0.658 0.959
Mg Cd Cr
Ca (wt.%) 1.054 0.416
Zn Fe Cs
Cd (ppm) 0.913 0.994
Mn Ge
Co (ppm) 0.9 0.987
Ni In
Cr (ppm) 0.533 0.667
P Li
Cs (ppm) 0.449 0.727
Se Mo
Cu (ppm) 0.993 0.985
Sr Pb
Fe (wt.%) 1.043 0.993
Y Sb
In (ppm) 0.863 0.703
Te
Li (ppm) 0.332 -0.089
Tl
Mg (wt.%) 0.988 0.990
U
Mn (ppm) 0.950 0.998
V
Mo (ppm) 0.764 0.973
Ni (ppm) 0.949 0.975
P (ppm) 1.066 0.995
Pb (ppm) 0.864 0.968
Sb (ppm) 0.565 0.975
Sr (ppm) 1.066 0.992
Tl (ppm) 0.633 0.920
U (ppm) 0.479 0.989
Zn (ppm) 1.003 0.991
450
Table F2. Standards-Aqua Regia ICP-MS Geochemistry.
SAMPLE Ag Al As Ba Be Bi Ca Cd Ce Co Cr Cs
CDN-CM-34 3.42 2.29 103.00 100.00 0.35 3.41 1.31 0.95 21.00 38.10 172.00 1.96
Lower 3.17 2.14 100.50 70.00 0.29 3.14 1.20 0.89 19.05 37.30 164.00 1.76
Upper 3.89 2.64 123.50 140.00 0.53 3.86 1.49 1.11 23.30 45.80 202.00 2.29
MRGeo08 4.29 2.56 34.20 440.00 0.72 0.61 1.07 2.11 73.60 17.90 90.00 10.55
Lower 4.00 2.44 29.60 370.00 0.37 0.60 1.00 2.01 66.20 17.00 81.00 9.40
Upper 4.92 3.00 36.40 530.00 0.95 0.76 1.24 2.47 81.00 21.00 102.00 11.60
OGGeo08 20.30 2.16 119.50 10.00 0.71 10.55 0.90 19.35 57.40 94.00 82.00 9.21
Lower 18.15 2.05 107.00 60.00 0.61 9.44 0.82 16.75 56.70 87.20 75.00 8.68
Upper 22.20 2.53 131.00 110.00 0.89 11.55 1.02 20.50 69.30 107.00 93.00 10.70
OREAS-45d 0.12 4.59 5.90 80.00 0.48 0.24 0.09 0.03 22.50 25.70 457.00 2.14
Lower 0.10 4.36 5.80 50.00 0.42 0.26 0.06 0.01 22.30 23.50 419.00 2.09
Upper 0.15 5.36 7.30 110.00 0.68 0.34 0.11 0.05 27.30 28.90 515.00 2.67
J486817 0.14 0.70 10.70 80.00 0.62 0.04 21.70 0.14 19.60 2.50 27.00 1.71
Duplicate 0.13 0.72 10.80 80.00 0.58 0.04 21.90 0.15 19.80 2.50 27.00 1.77
Lower 0.12 0.66 10.10 60.00 0.52 0.03 20.70 0.13 18.70 2.30 25.00 1.60
Upper 0.15 0.76 11.40 10.00 0.68 0.05 22.90 0.16 20.70 2.70 29.00 1.88
SD of upper and lower 0.01 0.01 0.07 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.14 0.01 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.04
2SD 0.01 0.03 0.14 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.28 0.01 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.08
675 0.12 0.29 8.00 80.00 0.49 0.09 4.79 0.20 19.95 12.90 9.00 1.40
Duplicate 0.12 0.31 8.50 80.00 0.51 0.09 4.93 0.20 21.40 13.50 10.00 1.44
Lower 0.10 0.28 7.70 60.00 0.43 0.08 4.61 0.18 19.60 12.40 8.00 1.30
Upper 0.14 0.33 8.80 100.00 0.58 0.10 5.11 0.22 21.70 14.00 11.00 1.54
P-1 0.01 0.94 0.40 50.00 0.05 0.02 0.37 0.03 11.15 5.50 70.00 0.85
P-1 (duplicate) 0.01 0.95 0.40 50.00 0.05 0.02 0.38 0.02 11.00 5.30 70.00 0.86
BAS-1 0.03 1.99 2.90 50.00 0.14 0.01 1.36 0.04 16.20 33.70 38.00 <0.05
451
Table F2. continued. Standards-Aqua Regia Digestion ICP-MS Geochemistry.
SAMPLE Ce Co Cr Cs Cu Fe Ga Ge Hf Hg In K
CDN-CM-34 21.00 38.10 172.00 1.96 5510.00 4.21 7.18 0.08 0.05 0.13 0.12 1.15
Lower 19.05 37.30 164.00 1.76 5390.00 3.91 6.99 0.05 0.02 0.11 0.10 1.06
Upper 23.30 45.80 202.00 2.29 6210.00 4.80 8.65 0.23 0.11 0.18 0.14 1.32
MRGeo08 73.60 17.90 90.00 10.55 619.00 3.54 10.00 0.13 0.64 0.06 0.15 1.26
Lower 66.20 17.00 81.00 9.40 587.00 3.22 8.73 0.07 0.64 0.04 0.14 1.12
Upper 81.00 21.00 102.00 11.60 675.00 3.96 10.80 0.29 0.83 0.10 0.18 1.40
OGGeo08 57.40 94.00 82.00 9.21 8270.00 5.05 8.68 0.16 0.73 0.49 1.37 1.08
Lower 56.70 87.20 75.00 8.68 7800.00 4.51 8.05 0.21 0.72 0.41 1.33 0.94
Upper 69.30 107.00 93.00 10.70 8980.00 5.53 9.95 0.45 0.92 0.57 1.65 1.18
OREAS-45d 22.50 25.70 457.00 2.14 341.00 13.35 17.05 0.09 0.43 0.04 0.07 0.09
Lower 22.30 23.50 419.00 2.09 321.00 12.30 16.05 0.05 0.40 0.02 0.07 0.07
Upper 27.30 28.90 515.00 2.67 369.00 15.05 19.75 0.23 0.54 0.06 0.10 0.12
J486817 19.60 2.50 27.00 1.71 28.60 0.90 2.11 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.31
Duplicate 19.80 2.50 27.00 1.77 28.70 0.92 2.19 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.31
Lower 18.70 2.30 25.00 1.60 27.40 0.85 1.99 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.28
Upper 20.70 2.70 29.00 1.88 29.90 0.97 2.31 0.10 0.06 0.06 0.03 0.34
2SD 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.14 0.03 0.11 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
675 19.95 12.90 9.00 1.40 25.90 4.10 0.69 0.06 0.12 0.12 0.03 0.14
Duplicate 21.40 13.50 10.00 1.44 27.30 4.23 0.78 0.06 0.13 0.13 0.03 0.14
Lower 19.60 12.40 8.00 1.30 25.50 3.95 0.65 0.05 0.11 0.11 0.02 0.12
Upper 21.70 14.00 11.00 1.54 27.70 4.38 0.82 0.10 0.14 0.14 0.04 0.16
P-1 11.15 5.50 70.00 0.85 7.40 2.04 3.47 0.08 0.13 <0.01 0.01 0.51
P-1 (duplicate) 11.00 5.30 70.00 0.86 7.40 2.08 3.38 0.08 0.11 <0.01 0.01 0.53
BAS-1 16.20 33.70 38.00 <0.05 55.80 5.21 4.49 0.07 0.27 0.07 0.02 0.08
452
SAMPLE La Li Mg Mn Mo Na Nb Ni P Pb Rb Re
CDN-CM-34 9.00 5.90 2.43 285.00 250.00 0.10 0.10 218.00 1130.00 20.70 41.30 0.27
Lower 8.20 5.90 2.27 269.00 236.00 0.08 0.05 205.00 1050.00 19.10 40.40 0.26
Upper 10.40 7.40 2.80 340.00 288.00 0.13 0.22 251.00 1310.00 23.70 49.60 0.32
MRGeo08 36.70 36.70 1.13 402.00 13.70 0.33 0.83 695.00 1010.00 1045.00 136.00 0.01
Lower 33.20 29.60 1.03 378.00 13.10 0.30 0.79 622.00 900.00 959.00 132.00 0.01
Upper 41.00 36.40 1.29 473.00 16.10 0.39 1.09 760.00 1130.00 1175.00 162.00 0.01
OGGeo08 28.70 33.80 0.95 387.00 871.00 0.30 1.13 8800.00 800.00 7120.00 117.50 1.34
Lower 27.70 29.80 0.84 350.00 811.00 0.26 0.97 7760.00 700.00 6520.00 109.50 1.30
Upper 34.30 36.60 1.05 438.00 991.00 0.34 1.29 9480.00 880.00 7970.00 134.50 1.59
OREAS-45d 9.70 11.00 0.13 362.00 1.46 0.03 0.37 182.00 330.00 15.30 19.00 0.00
Lower 8.80 10.60 0.12 328.00 1.45 0.01 0.27 158.00 15.10 18.70 0.00
Upper 11.20 13.20 0.17 412.00 1.89 0.05 0.51 194.00 18.90 23.10 0.00
J486817 14.60 7.40 5.43 100.00 1.61 0.02 0.05 40.10 1450.00 4.10 18.20 0.00
Duplicate 15.10 7.20 5.46 100.00 1.63 0.02 0.05 39.90 1460.00 4.00 18.80 0.00
Lower 13.90 6.80 5.16 90.00 1.49 0.01 0.05 37.80 1370.00 3.60 17.50 0.00
Upper 15.80 7.80 5.73 110.00 1.75 0.03 0.10 42.20 1540.00 4.50 19.40 0.00
2SD 0.71 0.28 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.28 14.14 0.14 0.85 0.00
675 9.10 6.60 2.95 829.00 0.23 0.02 0.05 72.10 440.00 37.40 5.00 0.00
Duplicate 9.80 7.70 3.02 843.00 0.26 0.02 0.05 72.60 440.00 37.40 5.30 0.00
Lower 8.80 6.70 2.83 789.00 0.18 0.01 0.05 68.50 410.00 35.30 4.80 0.00
Upper 10.10 7.60 3.14 883.00 0.31 0.03 0.10 76.20 470.00 39.50 5.50 0.00
P-1 5.90 10.80 0.44 361.00 0.24 0.10 0.10 2.60 320.00 1.60 28.10 <0.001
P-1 (duplicate) 5.60 11.00 0.45 369.00 0.24 0.09 0.09 2.70 320.00 2.20 26.70 <0.001
BAS-1 7.20 2.80 2.89 608.00 1.32 0.50 0.80 156.00 780.00 0.80 1.10 0.00
453
SAMPLE S Sb Sc Se Sn Sr Ta Te Th Ti Tl U
CDN-CM-34 2.92 3.82 9.30 4.50 0.70 101.00 0.01 0.58 1.10 0.17 0.82 0.37
Lower 2.70 3.38 8.70 3.90 0.30 92.80 0.01 0.55 0.70 0.16 0.76 0.25
Upper 3.32 4.68 10.90 5.20 1.20 114.00 0.02 0.70 1.60 0.20 1.08 0.49
MRGeo08 0.30 3.11 7.20 1.40 3.00 79.00 0.02 0.03 21.90 0.38 0.74 6.00
Lower 0.27 2.80 6.70 0.90 2.80 72.10 0.01 0.01 19.10 0.34 0.64 4.93
Upper 0.35 3.90 8.40 1.90 4.00 88.50 0.03 0.04 23.70 0.42 0.92 6.13
OGGeo08 2.76 20.10 6.40 10.80 12.70 65.20 0.01 0.13 17.10 0.31 1.26 5.19
Lower 2.51 17.70 6.00 9.70 12.00 59.60 0.01 0.14 15.60 0.28 1.14 4.45
Upper 3.09 24.10 7.60 12.30 15.10 73.20 0.03 0.20 19.60 0.35 1.58 5.55
OREAS-45d 0.05 0.32 45.30 1.10 1.50 11.40 0.01 0.05 10.20 0.08 0.11 1.44
Lower 0.02 0.22 37.30 0.70 1.30 9.70 0.01 0.02 10.00 0.07 0.07 1.43
Upper 0.07 0.49 45.80 1.70 2.30 12.30 0.03 0.06 12.60 0.10 0.17 1.85
J486817 0.01 1.25 2.70 1.40 0.30 0.30 0.01 0.02 3.00 0.01 0.22 1.61
Duplicate 0.01 1.26 2.70 1.50 0.30 0.30 0.01 0.02 3.10 0.01 0.24 1.66
Lower 0.01 1.11 2.50 1.20 0.20 0.20 0.01 0.01 2.70 0.01 0.19 1.50
Upper 0.02 1.40 2.90 1.70 0.40 0.40 0.02 0.03 3.40 0.02 0.27 1.77
2SD 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.03 0.07
675 0.36 0.91 6.80 0.60 0.20 0.20 0.01 0.01 2.40 0.01 0.06 0.29
Duplicate 0.37 0.88 7.10 0.40 0.20 0.20 0.01 0.01 2.60 0.01 0.05 0.32
Lower 0.34 0.78 6.50 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.01 0.01 2.20 0.01 0.03 0.24
Upper 0.39 1.01 7.40 0.70 0.40 0.40 0.02 0.02 2.80 0.01 0.08 0.37
P-1 0.01 0.11 3.20 0.20 1.10 13.80 <0.01 <0.01 3.50 0.14 0.17 0.52
P-1 (duplicate) <0.01 0.11 2.50 0.20 1.10 13.60 <0.01 <0.01 3.40 0.13 0.17 0.52
BAS-1 0.02 0.13 2.70 0.50 0.40 128.00 0.02 <0.01 0.40 0.36 0.03 0.12
454
SAMPLE V W Y Zn Zr
CDN-CM-34 100.00 6.42 9.19 171.00 1.00
Lower 95.00 6.36 8.93 159.00 0.50
Upper 118.00 8.72 11.00 199.00 2.40
MRGeo08 99.00 2.60 18.25 750.00 20.20

Lower 90.00 2.44 17.50 708.00 18.10
Upper 112.00 3.42 21.50 870.00 25.70
OGGeo08 80.00 3.01 16.05 6940.00 21.90

Lower 70.00 2.58 15.35 6500.00 19.50
Upper 88.00 3.60 18.85 7950.00 27.50
OREAS-45d 199.00 0.06 4.76 28.00 19.80

Lower 180.00 0.05 4.52 25.00 16.20
Upper 222.00 0.16 5.64 36.00 23.00
J486817 30.00 0.08 18.80 79.00 7.60

Duplicate 30.00 0.09 19.05 79.00 7.60
Lower 28.00 0.05 17.95 73.00 6.50
Upper 33.00 0.10 19.90 85.00 8.70
SD of upper and lower 0.00 0.01 0.18 0.00 0.00
2SD 0.00 0.01 0.35 0.00 0.00
675 11.00 0.05 9.82 70.00 5.50

Duplicate 11.00 0.05 10.25 70.00 5.00
Lower 9.00 0.05 9.48 65.00 4.40
Upper 13.00 0.10 10.60 76.00 6.10
P-1 42.00 0.37 7.06 35.00 2.40

P-1 (duplicate) 42.00 0.35 6.46 35.00 2.20
BAS-1 75.00 0.05 8.71 65.00 13.90
455
Table F2. Aqua Regia Digestion ICP-MS Geochemistry.
SAMPLE_ Ag Al As Ba Be Bi Ca Cd Ce Co Cr Cs
Depth (m) Depth (ft)
ID (ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
AAL7892 0-3.048 0-10 0.07 0.28 342 130 0.3 0.13 17.45 0.05 13.05 4.8 34 0.46
AAL7894 6.1-9.1 20-30 0.06 0.21 246 80 0.36 0.11 19.7 0.08 24.1 3.8 31 0.4
AAL7896 12.2-18.3 40-60 0.1 0.4 440 70 0.51 0.16 19.6 0.71 30.3 5.4 26 0.6
AAL7898 18.3-21.3 60-70 0.09 0.17 428 180 0.35 0.12 20.1 0.14 28.8 5.4 25 0.88
AAL7900 24.4-27.4 80-90 0.08 0.21 182.5 30 0.41 0.07 24 0.08 26.6 2.8 20 0.22
AAL7902 30.5-33.5 100-110 0.08 0.18 117 30 0.34 0.06 25 0.05 22.7 2.3 10 0.23
AAL7904 36.6-39.6 120-130 0.07 0.1 77.6 30 0.34 0.03 25 0.03 17.25 1.9 9 0.19
AAL7906 42.7-45.7 140-150 0.05 0.1 60.3 40 0.26 0.02 25 0.06 20.3 1.3 11 0.18
AAL7908 48.8-51.8 160-170 0.06 0.14 60.3 60 0.31 0.03 25 0.11 21.7 1.4 11 0.35
AAL7910 54.9-57.9 180-190 0.06 0.19 33 120 0.38 0.03 25 0.06 24 1.4 12 0.51
AAL7912 61.0-64.0 200-210 0.05 0.28 11.3 90 0.32 0.02 25 0.05 21.7 1.3 11 0.69
AAL7916 67.1-70.1 220-230 0.04 0.27 11.2 60 0.32 0.03 23.9 0.06 20.8 1.2 12 0.82
AAL7918 73.2-76.2 240-250 0.1 0.47 10.4 50 0.52 0.04 21.9 0.1 24 2.1 16 2.03
AAL7920 79.3-82.3 260-270 0.13 0.8 7.6 70 0.61 0.04 20.7 0.12 19.6 2 25 2.35
AAL7922 85.3-88.4 280-290 0.14 0.7 10.7 80 0.62 0.04 21.7 0.14 19.6 2.5 27 1.71
AAL7924 91.4-94.5 300-310 0.15 0.9 7.8 80 0.65 0.04 23.5 0.13 19.2 2.3 32 2.01
AAL7926 97.5-100.6 320-330 0.13 0.68 8.3 80 0.6 0.04 22.2 0.12 21.2 2.6 23 1.45
AAL7928 103.6-106.7 340-350 0.12 0.45 8.6 60 0.47 0.03 22.7 0.15 19.15 2.1 22 1.14
AAL7930 109.7-112.8 360-370 0.13 0.53 8.8 60 0.63 0.04 21.5 0.15 18.85 1.7 27 1.3
AAL7932 115.8-118.9 380-390 0.16 0.42 16.8 90 0.59 0.04 22.7 0.14 22.4 2.6 23 2.24
AAL7934 121.9-125.0 400-410 0.12 0.55 13.1 120 0.57 0.04 21.5 0.08 24.2 2.2 20 1.58
AAL7938 128.0-131.1 420-430 0.13 0.28 15 60 0.44 0.04 21 0.1 20.6 2.2 18 0.92
AAL7940 134.1-137.2 440-450 0.17 0.43 40.2 560 0.66 0.05 21.1 0.1 21 3.6 28 1
AAL7942 140.2-143.3 460-470 0.06 0.14 6.2 30 0.27 0.02 25 0.06 20.5 1.5 8 0.69
456
Table F2. continued. Aqua Regia Digestion ICP-MS Geochemistry.
SAMPLE_ Cu Fe Ga Ge Hg K La Li Mg Mn Mo Na
ID (ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (wt.%)
AAL7892 0-3.048 0-10 17 1.85 0.83 0.05 0.78 0.06 8.9 3.7 2.67 174 1.39 0.05
AAL7894 6.1-9.1 20-30 10.3 1.47 0.73 0.06 0.45 0.05 17.7 2.1 2.31 183 0.87 0.03
AAL7896 12.2-18.3 40-60 40.1 2.06 1.24 0.07 0.81 0.08 22.2 2.8 2.05 296 4.49 0.02
AAL7898 18.3-21.3 60-70 16.4 1.79 0.7 0.07 1.49 0.06 22.5 0.8 0.77 329 1.44 0.01
AAL7900 24.4-27.4 80-90 11.9 1.09 0.69 0.07 0.55 0.04 20.9 1.4 2.46 286 1.05 0.02
AAL7902 30.5-33.5 100-110 13 0.86 0.62 <0.05 0.3 0.05 18 0.9 2.41 181 1.04 0.01
AAL7904 36.6-39.6 120-130 9.3 0.49 0.4 0.05 0.13 0.02 15.9 0.8 2.22 333 0.7 0.01
AAL7906 42.7-45.7 140-150 11.4 0.43 0.41 0.06 0.12 0.02 20 0.7 2.11 128 0.75 0.01
AAL7908 48.8-51.8 160-170 11.7 0.54 0.51 0.05 0.04 0.05 20.1 0.8 2.49 141 0.69 0.01
AAL7910 54.9-57.9 180-190 22 0.54 0.7 0.06 0.04 0.07 24 1.1 1.75 93 1.9 0.02
AAL7912 61.0-64.0 200-210 11.6 0.44 0.93 0.05 0.04 0.12 21.9 2.7 2.34 76 0.83 0.01
AAL7916 67.1-70.1 220-230 8.5 0.52 0.88 0.06 0.06 0.11 19.4 4.2 2.76 90 0.82 0.01
AAL7918 73.2-76.2 240-250 29 0.83 1.4 0.06 0.04 0.2 19.7 8 4.42 95 1.53 0.01
AAL7920 79.3-82.3 260-270 25 0.85 2.3 0.08 0.05 0.35 15.2 13 5.67 90 1.24 0.01
AAL7922 85.3-88.4 280-290 28.6 0.9 2.11 0.07 0.05 0.31 14.6 7.4 5.43 100 1.61 0.02
AAL7924 91.4-94.5 300-310 33.7 0.85 2.52 0.07 0.05 0.39 15.6 10.1 5.01 81 2.21 0.01
AAL7926 97.5-100.6 320-330 32.5 0.86 2.03 0.07 0.08 0.29 17.2 7.2 6.1 87 2.73 0.02
AAL7928 103.6-106.7 340-350 33 0.72 1.55 0.06 0.05 0.21 15 3.9 5.63 80 2.14 0.01
AAL7930 109.7-112.8 360-370 46.1 0.82 1.78 0.06 0.06 0.25 15.1 4.7 6.01 90 4.41 0.01
AAL7932 115.8-118.9 380-390 28.4 0.9 1.46 0.07 0.08 0.22 17.2 2.9 5.19 108 1.78 0.02
AAL7934 121.9-125.0 400-410 31.3 0.84 1.78 0.07 0.05 0.25 19.7 5.7 4.43 93 4.03 0.01
AAL7938 128.0-131.1 420-430 42.2 0.9 1.19 0.06 0.23 0.11 16.3 2.5 5.06 135 3.86 0.01
AAL7940 134.1-137.2 440-450 30.4 0.94 1.68 0.08 0.24 0.17 16.6 4.4 5.11 98 1.46 0.01
AAL7942 140.2-143.3 460-470 11.1 0.47 0.52 0.06 0.04 0.08 19.3 1.6 3.44 82 0.82 0.01
457
SAMPLE_ Ni P Pb Rb Sb Sc Se Sr Th Tl U V
ID (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
AAL7892 0-3.048 0-10 22.3 220 11 2.8 13.55 3.9 0.8 161.5 2.5 0.35 1 29
AAL7894 6.1-9.1 20-30 18.4 230 9.1 2.2 5.56 4.4 0.9 192.5 4.1 0.4 0.89 21
AAL7896 12.2-18.3 40-60 25.5 270 13.1 4.3 4.96 6.2 1.4 141.5 5.4 1.32 1.36 26
AAL7898 18.3-21.3 60-70 26.3 290 10.8 2.9 12.15 4.4 1.1 129 4.9 0.79 1.46 19
AAL7900 24.4-27.4 80-90 10.8 190 6.2 2 3.8 4.2 0.7 246 3.4 0.15 1.07 11
AAL7902 30.5-33.5 100-110 8.7 260 6.1 2.2 4.96 2.7 0.9 458 2.6 0.11 1.09 9
AAL7904 36.6-39.6 120-130 5.7 220 2.9 1.2 4.25 2.2 0.8 441 1.5 0.15 1.24 10
AAL7906 42.7-45.7 140-150 5.1 140 2.9 1.3 1.35 1.6 0.9 771 1.5 0.02 1.5 7
AAL7908 48.8-51.8 160-170 7.8 160 3.7 2.4 0.97 2.1 1 627 2.2 0.03 1.38 8
AAL7910 54.9-57.9 180-190 9.3 330 3.9 3.6 1.21 1.9 1 850 2.3 0.04 1.2 7
AAL7912 61.0-64.0 200-210 7.7 180 3.1 7 0.33 1.6 1.7 1015 1.7 0.06 0.92 8
AAL7916 67.1-70.1 220-230 6.9 140 2.9 6.7 0.44 1.6 1.5 1140 1.9 0.07 0.66 6
AAL7918 73.2-76.2 240-250 22.9 1330 4 12.4 1.24 2.5 1.2 801 3.1 0.17 1.04 10
AAL7920 79.3-82.3 260-270 29.3 380 4.5 20.7 0.92 2.7 1 608 3.1 0.24 1.28 17
AAL7922 85.3-88.4 280-290 40.1 1450 4.1 18.2 1.25 2.7 1.4 582 3 0.22 1.61 30
AAL7924 91.4-94.5 300-310 41.1 1000 3.5 21.9 0.67 2.8 1.6 733 2.6 0.23 1.39 22
AAL7926 97.5-100.6 320-330 39.8 600 4.2 16.3 0.65 2.7 2.7 753 3 0.25 1.55 19
AAL7928 103.6-106.7 340-350 31.6 170 3 12.6 0.98 2.7 1.5 675 2.6 0.18 1.48 17
AAL7930 109.7-112.8 360-370 36.8 190 3.6 14.1 0.88 2.8 2.6 645 2.8 0.08 2.03 20
AAL7932 115.8-118.9 380-390 30 1880 3.8 12.8 1 2.9 2.9 877 2.8 0.17 2.03 23
AAL7934 121.9-125.0 400-410 31 1030 4 14.9 0.9 2.5 2.3 740 3.1 0.09 1.55 12
AAL7938 128.0-131.1 420-430 24.4 520 4.5 7.4 1.41 2.8 2.2 556 3 0.06 3.27 14
AAL7940 134.1-137.2 440-450 40.3 1430 4.6 10.8 1.79 3.1 3.8 566 3.1 0.06 2.03 22
AAL7942 140.2-143.3 460-470 10.7 290 3 4.2 0.73 1.8 2.1 1115 1.5 0.04 1.65 6
458
SAMPLE_ W Y Zn Zr
ID (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
AAL7892 0-3.048 0-10 1.13 12.45 31 2.6
AAL7894 6.1-9.1 20-30 0.86 15.45 26 3.6
AAL7896 12.2-18.3 40-60 1.12 22.5 65 5.1
AAL7898 18.3-21.3 60-70 1.35 19.9 84 5.5
AAL7900 24.4-27.4 80-90 0.82 19.1 24 3.5
AAL7902 30.5-33.5 100-110 0.62 16.5 22 2.8
AAL7904 36.6-39.6 120-130 0.55 18.25 12 2.3
AAL7906 42.7-45.7 140-150 0.34 15.4 12 2.3
AAL7908 48.8-51.8 160-170 0.45 15.9 24 3
AAL7910 54.9-57.9 180-190 0.18 16.05 24 3.4
AAL7912 61.0-64.0 200-210 0.06 16.6 20 3
AAL7916 67.1-70.1 220-230 0.13 11.95 20 3.2
AAL7918 73.2-76.2 240-250 0.08 17.35 59 6.3
AAL7920 79.3-82.3 260-270 0.05 17.05 64 7.1
AAL7922 85.3-88.4 280-290 0.08 18.8 79 7.6
AAL7924 91.4-94.5 300-310 <0.05 20.3 87 7.7
AAL7926 97.5-100.6 320-330 0.05 19.6 87 6.8
AAL7928 103.6-106.7 340-350 0.06 16.5 85 6
AAL7930 109.7-112.8 360-370 0.06 18.1 99 6.5
AAL7932 115.8-118.9 380-390 0.12 21.3 81 7.3
AAL7934 121.9-125.0 400-410 0.09 17.95 69 6.1
AAL7938 128.0-131.1 420-430 0.35 18.75 43 5.6
AAL7940 134.1-137.2 440-450 0.77 20.7 71 6.7
AAL7942 140.2-143.3 460-470 0.09 15.7 32 3.2
459
SAMPLE_ Ag Al As Ba Be Bi Ca Cd Ce Co Cr Cs
ID (ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
AAL7944 146.3-149.4 480-490 9.8 0.36 0.78 0.07 0.03 0.12 19.1 3.2 2.61 77 0.99 0.01
AAL7946 152.4-155.5 500-510 11.9 0.41 1.03 0.07 0.03 0.17 17.5 5 3.1 76 1.09 0.01
AAL7948 159.0-161.5 520-530 13.5 0.41 1.14 0.07 0.04 0.19 18.7 5.3 2.57 72 1.16 0.01
AAL7950 164.6-167.6 540-550 11.9 0.53 1.06 0.07 0.13 0.14 22.8 5 2.37 74 1.11 0.01
AAL7952 170.9-173.7 560-570 13.6 0.44 1.03 0.07 0.02 0.15 19.5 4.8 3.06 72 1.21 0.01
AAL7954 176.8-179.8 580-590 32.6 0.85 2.45 0.11 0.06 0.4 18.4 18.2 5.45 92 4.14 0.01
AAL7956 182.9-185.9 600-610 34.8 0.86 2.02 0.09 0.09 0.29 15.6 9 5.37 91 3.02 0.02
AAL7958 189.0-192.0 620-630 30 0.57 0.72 0.07 0.08 0.07 18.9 2.2 3.1 154 2.82 0.01
AAL7962 195.1-198.1 640-650 14.2 0.5 0.44 0.07 0.16 0.05 18.3 1.2 4.23 104 0.8 0.01
AAL7964 201.2-204.2 660-670 9.4 0.36 0.54 0.07 0.04 0.07 19 1.6 2.84 73 0.56 0.01
AAL7966 207.3-210.3 680-690 13.8 0.49 0.51 0.06 0.14 0.07 14.6 1.5 3.03 89 1.09 0.01
AAL7968 213.4-216.4 700-710 13.5 0.64 0.51 0.06 0.66 0.09 7.8 1 3.4 755 0.77 0.01
AAL7970 219.5- 222.5 720-730 11.5 0.47 0.5 0.07 0.14 0.09 18.8 1.8 2.66 127 0.6 0.01
Detection
0.2 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.2 0.1 0.01 5 0.05 0.01
Limit
460
SAMPLE_ Cu Fe Ga Ge Hg K La Li Mg Mn Mo Na
ID (ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (wt.%)
AAL7944 146.3-149.4 480-490 0.04 0.23 4.7 40 0.26 0.01 25 0.04 20.5 1.1 9 0.52
AAL7946 152.4-155.5 500-510 0.04 0.33 5.4 50 0.3 0.01 25 0.06 18.4 1.3 12 0.66
AAL7948 159.0-161.5 520-530 0.05 0.38 3.5 70 0.28 0.02 25 0.05 19.7 1.2 12 0.79
AAL7950 164.6-167.6 540-550 0.06 0.33 6 200 0.33 0.03 25 0.07 23.1 1.2 14 0.61
AAL7952 170.9-173.7 560-570 0.04 0.33 3.3 60 0.28 0.02 24.8 0.05 20.4 1.1 12 0.67
AAL7954 176.8-179.8 580-590 0.15 0.9 6 90 0.55 0.04 21.8 0.08 22.7 1.8 24 2.17
AAL7956 182.9-185.9 600-610 0.14 0.65 8.8 90 0.62 0.04 21.9 0.13 19.7 1.8 28 1.8
AAL7958 189.0-192.0 620-630 0.07 0.18 5.5 30 0.35 0.02 25 0.05 19.9 1.2 10 0.42
AAL7962 195.1-198.1 640-650 0.06 0.1 29.9 20 0.32 0.02 22.3 0.08 20.5 1.7 10 0.72
AAL7964 201.2-204.2 660-670 0.04 0.14 12.2 60 0.25 0.01 25 0.05 20.4 1.1 8 0.6
AAL7966 207.3-210.3 680-690 0.05 0.15 35.1 50 0.3 0.02 22.5 0.07 17.2 1.2 10 0.68
AAL7968 213.4-216.4 700-710 1.19 0.15 104.5 240 0.28 0.02 15.9 0.32 9.94 1.3 29 0.81
AAL7970 219.5- 222.5 720-730 0.21 0.15 31.2 100 0.31 0.02 25 0.07 21.4 1.2 7 0.97
Detection
0.01 0.01 0.1 10 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.1 1 0.05
Limit
461
SAMPLE_ Ni P Pb Rb Sb Sc Se Sr Th Tl U V
ID (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
AAL7944 146.3-149.4 480-490 9.1 310 2.1 6.6 0.53 1.6 1.3 1145 1.7 0.05 1.19 6
AAL7946 152.4-155.5 500-510 12.6 340 2.2 9 0.48 1.6 1.5 1120 1.6 0.07 1.49 8
AAL7948 159.0-161.5 520-530 8.3 210 2.2 10.2 0.35 1.5 1.4 1215 1.5 0.08 1 8
AAL7950 164.6-167.6 540-550 9.9 230 2.6 7.5 0.73 1.9 1.9 1170 2 0.06 2.63 9
AAL7952 170.9-173.7 560-570 8.1 190 1.7 8.2 0.3 1.5 0.9 1320 1.6 0.06 0.71 6
AAL7954 176.8-179.8 580-590 22.5 470 4 22.9 0.59 2.5 1.9 651 2.5 0.14 1.12 16
AAL7956 182.9-185.9 600-610 29.9 750 3.5 17 0.97 2.8 3.4 706 2.7 0.09 1.62 21
AAL7958 189.0-192.0 620-630 8.9 340 5.8 4 1.74 2 1.4 770 1.6 0.04 1.86 11
AAL7962 195.1-198.1 640-650 18.2 160 2.6 2.6 2.53 1.9 1.6 591 2 0.03 1.83 7
AAL7964 201.2-204.2 660-670 8.6 180 2 3.3 0.95 1.5 1.1 921 1.7 0.03 0.93 5
AAL7966 207.3-210.3 680-690 10.6 310 2.7 3.2 2.07 1.7 1 592 1.8 0.03 1.02 5
AAL7968 213.4-216.4 700-710 18.5 720 20 3.8 14.5 1.8 0.9 444 1.3 0.35 1.62 7
AAL7970 219.5- 222.5 720-730 8.6 240 3.8 4.4 2.94 1.7 1.3 954 1.8 0.07 1.31 5
Detection
0.2 10 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.02 0.05 1
Limit
462
Table F2. Four-acid Digestion ICP-MS Geochemistry.
SAMPLE_ID Depth (m) Depth Ag Al As Ba Be Bi Ca Cd Ce Co Cr Cs
(ft) (ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
AAL7892 0-3.048 0-10 0.14 3.76 319 160 0.5 0.17 16.75 0.06 50.9 4.9 72 2.02
AAL7894 6.1-9.1 20-30 0.11 3.27 245 120 0.69 0.16 19.55 0.08 44.4 4.4 61 1.68
AAL7896 12.2-18.3 40-60 0.16 3.71 406 120 0.95 0.23 19.4 0.78 56.4 5.8 64 1.96
AAL7898 18.3-21.3 60-70 0.24 3.54 404 230 0.76 0.17 19.9 0.13 50.4 5.6 72 4.14
AAL7900 24.4-27.4 80-90 0.11 2.04 173.5 70 0.71 0.12 24.4 0.07 34.9 3.2 36 0.75
AAL7902 30.5-33.5 100-110 0.11 1.51 109.5 70 0.52 0.1 26.5 0.05 29.9 2.5 23 0.88
AAL7904 36.6-39.6 120-130 0.07 0.86 71.4 50 0.47 0.06 28.4 0.03 20.8 2.2 17 0.54
AAL7906 42.7-45.7 140-150 0.06 0.83 56.8 60 0.37 0.05 28.7 0.05 23.6 1.5 20 0.47
AAL7908 48.8-51.8 160-170 0.05 1.23 55.7 90 0.53 0.06 25.8 0.12 25.1 1.6 22 1.33
AAL7910 54.9-57.9 180-190 0.05 1.21 29.7 160 0.5 0.05 27.2 0.07 26.6 1.7 25 1.7
AAL7912 61.0-64.0 200-210 0.04 0.98 12.5 130 0.44 0.04 28.3 0.05 23.8 1.6 19 1.57
AAL7916 67.1-70.1 220-230 0.04 1.05 12.7 100 0.41 0.05 24.4 0.07 24.1 1.4 21 1.72
AAL7918 73.2-76.2 240-250 0.1 1.97 11.2 130 0.7 0.06 22.5 0.1 28.9 2.4 30 4.69
AAL7920 79.3-82.3 260-270 0.13 2 8.6 140 0.79 0.08 20.3 0.13 30 2.4 29 3.57
AAL7922 85.3-88.4 280-290 0.13 1.96 12.5 140 0.83 0.07 20.8 0.16 30.4 3 34 3.28
AAL7924 91.4-94.5 300-310 0.16 1.9 8.2 140 0.77 0.07 21.7 0.15 31.5 2.7 38 3.3
AAL7926 97.5-100.6 320-330 0.12 1.7 9.1 130 0.68 0.06 19.85 0.12 30.7 3 27 2.58
AAL7928 103.6-106.7 340-350 0.1 1.68 9.1 110 0.62 0.05 21.3 0.15 26.7 2.5 28 2.52
AAL7930 109.7-112.8 360-370 0.12 1.87 10 120 0.79 0.06 19.9 0.15 29.1 2.1 43 2.83
AAL7932 115.8-118.9 380-390 0.15 2.02 18.8 160 0.75 0.06 22.2 0.16 31.9 2.9 42 4.88
AAL7934 121.9-125.0 400-410 0.12 1.78 14.6 170 0.74 0.06 21.5 0.09 28.9 2.5 34 3.07
AAL7938 128.0-131.1 420-430 0.14 1.93 16.4 130 0.65 0.06 20.6 0.09 30.8 2.4 35 2.37
AAL7940 134.1-137.2 440-450 0.2 2.09 36.7 700 0.89 0.07 20.3 0.11 33.6 4.1 48 2.22
AAL7942 140.2-143.3 460-470 0.06 0.97 6.4 80 0.38 0.04 27.2 0.06 23.1 1.7 20 1.87
463
Table F2. continued. Four-acid Digestion ICP-MS Geochemistry.
SAMPLE_ID Depth (m) Depth Cu Fe Ga Ge Hg K La Li Mg Mn Mo Na
(ft) (ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (wt.%)
AAL7892 0-3.048 0-10 15.2 1.69 8.77 0.07 0.804 0.38 39 21.1 2.61 179 1.89 0.08
AAL7894 6.1-9.1 20-30 11.2 1.46 7.62 0.08 0.424 0.31 33.2 27.5 2.41 200 1.22 0.04
AAL7896 12.2-18.3 40-60 40.8 1.99 9.03 0.1 0.766 0.41 41.2 28.6 2.11 310 5.57 0.03
AAL7898 18.3-21.3 60-70 17.4 1.72 8.49 0.08 1.5 0.48 40.3 24.9 0.87 350 2.8 0.02
AAL7900 24.4-27.4 80-90 12.6 1.02 5.22 0.07 0.568 0.22 27.4 13.5 2.43 292 1.38 0.02
AAL7902 30.5-33.5 100-110 13.3 0.8 3.98 0.06 0.293 0.26 23.6 5 2.35 183 1.38 0.02
AAL7904 36.6-39.6 120-130 9.6 0.46 2.15 0.06 0.142 0.11 19.3 5.1 2.16 339 0.94 0.01
AAL7906 42.7-45.7 140-150 13.3 0.41 2.13 0.06 0.134 0.09 22.8 4 2.02 139 1.21 0.01
AAL7908 48.8-51.8 160-170 13.1 0.5 3.17 0.06 0.039 0.23 23.3 4 2.39 142 0.95 0.02
AAL7910 54.9-57.9 180-190 21.3 0.51 3.27 0.06 0.041 0.26 26.1 4 1.72 96 2.4 0.02
AAL7912 61.0-64.0 200-210 13.5 0.42 2.58 0.06 0.046 0.28 23.4 5.1 2.36 79 1.26 0.02
AAL7916 67.1-70.1 220-230 9.2 0.49 2.79 0.06 0.06 0.3 21.5 8.2 2.77 94 1.11 0.02
AAL7918 73.2-76.2 240-250 29.1 0.79 4.91 0.07 0.042 0.75 23.6 14.5 4.46 97 2.02 0.02
AAL7920 79.3-82.3 260-270 25.3 0.81 5.21 0.07 0.054 0.7 23.7 15.7 5.74 93 1.77 0.02
AAL7922 85.3-88.4 280-290 28.8 0.86 5.41 0.07 0.048 0.68 23.8 11.1 5.45 105 2.09 0.02
AAL7924 91.4-94.5 300-310 33.3 0.78 5.16 0.1 0.047 0.68 26.8 14.2 4.9 81 2.87 0.02
AAL7926 97.5-100.6 320-330 29.7 0.78 4.59 0.08 0.054 0.56 25.4 10.4 5.77 85 3.2 0.03
AAL7928 103.6-106.7 340-350 32.1 0.68 4.43 0.07 0.051 0.55 21.7 7.4 5.5 81 2.75 0.02
AAL7930 109.7-112.8 360-370 45.8 0.75 5.04 0.08 0.058 0.6 24 10.6 5.84 90 5.61 0.02
AAL7932 115.8-118.9 380-390 27.5 0.86 5.2 0.08 0.069 0.73 24.9 8.5 5.3 114 2.22 0.02
AAL7934 121.9-125.0 400-410 30 0.76 4.68 0.08 0.054 0.58 23.6 12.3 4.38 94 4.85 0.02
AAL7938 128.0-131.1 420-430 40.1 0.84 4.97 0.08 0.221 0.52 24.9 7.6 4.96 133 4.68 0.02
AAL7940 134.1-137.2 440-450 30.4 0.9 5.67 0.08 0.244 0.57 26.8 9.8 5.27 103 1.85 0.02
AAL7942 140.2-143.3 460-470 11.7 0.44 2.51 0.06 0.049 0.36 21.8 4.8 3.42 85 1.06 0.01
464
SAMPLE_ID Depth (m) Depth (ft) Ni P Pb Rb Sb Sc Sr Th Tl U V
(ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
AAL7892 0-3.048 0-10 21.8 290 12.9 21.5 19.85 4.5 227 7.7 0.58 3.1 50
AAL7894 6.1-9.1 20-30 18.9 240 11.7 17.6 9.85 5.2 212 7 0.61 2.7 47
AAL7896 12.2-18.3 40-60 25.6 270 15.6 23.1 10.45 7.3 155.5 8.3 1.81 3.4 58
AAL7898 18.3-21.3 60-70 36.9 290 13.1 29.6 21.4 5.3 149.5 7.4 1.08 3.9 44
AAL7900 24.4-27.4 80-90 12.1 180 8.1 12.2 6.95 4.6 233 4.6 0.24 2.4 24
AAL7902 30.5-33.5 100-110 8.7 240 6.4 14.7 7.6 3.6 427 3.7 0.2 2.1 19
AAL7904 36.6-39.6 120-130 5.9 190 3.3 6.2 5.85 2.7 408 2 0.21 2 15
AAL7906 42.7-45.7 140-150 5.6 120 3.4 5.7 1.87 2.1 689 2.1 0.04 2.4 11
AAL7908 48.8-51.8 160-170 8.4 140 4.2 14.6 1.56 2.7 558 3.1 0.11 2.5 14
AAL7910 54.9-57.9 180-190 10 290 4.6 17.3 1.92 2.5 756 3.1 0.13 2.3 12
AAL7912 61.0-64.0 200-210 9 160 3.6 18.1 0.57 2.2 943 2.2 0.12 1.8 13
AAL7916 67.1-70.1 220-230 8.2 130 3.2 20.3 0.7 2.1 1055 2.7 0.16 1.6 11
AAL7918 73.2-76.2 240-250 22.3 1250 4.1 50.2 1.88 3.7 746 3.8 0.45 2.7 22
AAL7920 79.3-82.3 260-270 31.2 350 5 42.7 1.49 4 575 4 0.43 3.2 24
AAL7922 85.3-88.4 280-290 40.9 1340 4.8 42.9 2.15 4.1 557 4.2 0.41 3.7 45
AAL7924 91.4-94.5 300-310 41.1 910 4 42 0.99 4.1 667 3.8 0.38 3.3 29
AAL7926 97.5-100.6 320-330 38.7 520 4.2 34.3 1.08 3.8 662 3.6 0.37 3.1 27
AAL7928 103.6-106.7 340-350 31.9 150 3.5 33.3 1.63 3.9 625 3.6 0.32 3.2 27
AAL7930 109.7-112.8 360-370 39.4 170 4.1 36.6 1.65 4.1 586 3.9 0.28 4.3 31
AAL7932 115.8-118.9 380-390 29 1740 4.4 41.6 1.62 4.2 845 3.9 0.36 4.1 42
AAL7934 121.9-125.0 400-410 31.7 930 4.6 36.7 1.58 3.6 669 3.7 0.28 3.3 20
AAL7938 128.0-131.1 420-430 25.3 470 5.1 31.6 3.34 4 503 3.9 0.27 5.1 25
AAL7940 134.1-137.2 440-450 42.5 1330 5.4 34.3 4.72 4.5 542 4.2 0.29 4.4 36
AAL7942 140.2-143.3 460-470 11.7 250 2.8 22.6 1.14 2.3 1025 2.2 0.17 2.8 14
465
SAMPLE_ID Depth (m) Depth (ft) W Y Zn Zr
AAL7892 0-3.048 0-10 7.7 15.9 29 69.5
AAL7894 6.1-9.1 20-30 9.6 18.7 27 61.1
AAL7896 12.2-18.3 40-60 12.6 27.3 66 69.2
AAL7898 18.3-21.3 60-70 12.1 23.4 85 65
AAL7900 24.4-27.4 80-90 8.7 21.6 23 38.1
AAL7902 30.5-33.5 100-110 3.9 18.3 20 30.3
AAL7904 36.6-39.6 120-130 3.3 19 11 17.2
AAL7906 42.7-45.7 140-150 2.9 17.4 11 18.4
AAL7908 48.8-51.8 160-170 3.3 17.3 23 26.7
AAL7910 54.9-57.9 180-190 1.4 17.8 23 25.9
AAL7912 61.0-64.0 200-210 0.5 18.5 20 21.1
AAL7916 67.1-70.1 220-230 0.5 13.5 18 24
AAL7918 73.2-76.2 240-250 0.7 19.4 58 37.1
AAL7920 79.3-82.3 260-270 0.5 19.6 62 41
AAL7922 85.3-88.4 280-290 0.7 22.1 78 43.1
AAL7924 91.4-94.5 300-310 0.4 22.7 84 40.1
AAL7926 97.5-100.6 320-330 0.4 21.5 80 35.9
AAL7928 103.6-106.7 340-350 0.6 18.6 87 35.4
AAL7930 109.7-112.8 360-370 0.6 20.8 94 40.9
AAL7932 115.8-118.9 380-390 0.9 23.9 81 41.5
AAL7934 121.9-125.0 400-410 0.6 20.2 66 39.4
AAL7938 128.0-131.1 420-430 2.8 20.8 42 42.1
AAL7940 134.1-137.2 440-450 4.8 24.1 72 45.4
AAL7942 140.2-143.3 460-470 0.4 16.8 32 24.8
466
SAMPLE_ID Depth (m) Depth Ag Al As Ba Be Bi Ca Cd Ce Co Cr Cs
(ft) (ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
AAL7944 146.3-149.4 480-490 0.03 0.87 4.9 70 0.35 0.03 28.7 0.04 23.3 1.3 16 0.96
AAL7946 152.4-155.5 500-510 0.04 0.92 5.3 80 0.28 0.03 27.1 0.06 23.6 1.4 21 1.14
AAL7948 159.0-161.5 520-530 0.05 1.01 3.6 110 0.25 0.04 28.9 0.05 23.5 1.3 21 1.41
AAL7950 164.6-167.6 540-550 0.06 1.27 6 280 0.33 0.04 28.6 0.06 25.3 1.3 26 1.23
AAL7952 170.9-173.7 560-570 0.04 0.96 3.2 100 0.3 0.03 27.3 0.05 21.2 1.2 21 1.1
AAL7954 176.8-179.8 580-590 0.15 1.96 6.4 160 0.63 0.06 22.4 0.1 28.2 2 37 3.07
AAL7956 182.9-185.9 600-610 0.16 2.09 9.1 170 0.73 0.06 21.9 0.15 29.8 2 46 3.25
AAL7958 189.0-192.0 620-630 0.09 1.01 5.3 80 0.44 0.04 29.4 0.06 21.5 1.3 18 0.95
AAL7962 195.1-198.1 640-650 0.07 1.27 27.6 90 0.44 0.04 25.3 0.1 24.3 2.1 27 2.36
AAL7964 201.2-204.2 660-670 0.04 0.88 13.3 110 0.32 0.03 27.8 0.05 23 1.2 16 1.49
AAL7966 207.3-210.3 680-690 0.06 1.15 31 130 0.46 0.03 24.1 0.08 21.6 1.4 26 2.03
AAL7968 213.4-216.4 700-710 2.77 1.26 108.5 330 0.49 0.03 15.9 0.37 23.2 1.4 53 2.86
AAL7970 219.5- 222.5 720-730 0.35 1.05 27.1 150 0.41 0.03 27.5 0.08 25.6 1.3 19 2.53
Detection
0.01 0.01 0.2 10 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.1 1 0.05
Limit
467
SAMPLE_ID Depth (m) Depth Cu Fe Ga Ge Hg K La Li Mg Mn Mo Na
(ft) (ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (wt.%)
AAL7944 146.3-149.4 480-490 12 0.38 2.07 0.06 0.033 0.23 21.6 7.7 2.88 84 1.38 0.01
AAL7946 152.4-155.5 500-510 12.1 0.41 2.17 0.08 0.041 0.32 22.4 4.5 3.19 81 1.59 0.01
AAL7948 159.0-161.5 520-530 14.5 0.43 2.38 0.1 0.033 0.35 22.3 5.7 2.74 81 1.77 0.02
AAL7950 164.6-167.6 540-550 13.2 0.54 2.84 0.11 0.143 0.36 25.2 6.1 2.53 81 1.54 0.02
AAL7952 170.9-173.7 560-570 16.5 0.44 2.28 0.11 0.032 0.29 19.9 6.5 3.27 79 1.91 0.01
AAL7954 176.8-179.8 580-590 34.4 0.88 4.58 0.12 0.057 0.74 23 16.2 5.85 102 6.06 0.02
AAL7956 182.9-185.9 600-610 35.2 0.88 4.95 0.13 0.082 0.76 24.5 10.9 5.64 99 3.7 0.03
AAL7958 189.0-192.0 620-630 29.6 0.57 2.37 0.12 0.085 0.25 20.4 4.8 3.25 171 3.69 0.01
AAL7962 195.1-198.1 640-650 16.5 0.53 3.1 0.12 0.169 0.45 22.4 6.7 4.5 118 1.19 0.02
AAL7964 201.2-204.2 660-670 10.5 0.37 2.09 0.13 0.049 0.27 21.5 4.3 2.97 81 0.73 0.01
AAL7966 207.3-210.3 680-690 15.8 0.51 2.7 0.12 0.154 0.39 18.6 6.1 3.21 101 1.47 0.02
AAL7968 213.4-216.4 700-710 15.7 0.65 3.2 0.13 0.685 0.56 20 12.1 3.5 802 1.13 0.01
AAL7970 219.5- 222.5 720-730 12.4 0.47 2.68 0.13 0.129 0.47 22.5 4.9 2.73 134 0.78 0.01
Detection
0.2 0.01 0.05 0.005 0.01 0.01 0.5 0.2 0.01 5 0.05 0.01
Limit
468
SAMPLE_ID Depth (m) Depth Nb Ni P Pb Rb Sb Sc Sr Th Tl U
(ft) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
AAL7944 146.3-149.4 480-490 2.4 11 290 2.6 13.7 0.96 2 1125 2.4 0.11 2.2
AAL7946 152.4-155.5 500-510 2.6 13.2 330 2.7 19.1 0.99 1.7 1030 2.4 0.15 2.7
AAL7948 159.0-161.5 520-530 2.8 9.3 210 2.9 21.3 0.76 1.8 1120 2.3 0.16 2
AAL7950 164.6-167.6 540-550 3.3 10.8 230 3.1 21.7 1.51 2.2 1100 2.8 0.16 4
AAL7952 170.9-173.7 560-570 2.4 8.6 180 2.3 18 0.56 1.7 1260 2.3 0.13 1.7
AAL7954 176.8-179.8 580-590 4.9 24.1 500 5 44.3 1.09 3.4 637 3.7 0.32 3.3
AAL7956 182.9-185.9 600-610 5.6 31.7 730 4.6 45 1.75 3.9 687 4.3 0.34 4.2
AAL7958 189.0-192.0 620-630 2.6 9.8 350 3 15.7 4.61 2.4 736 2.1 0.12 3.2
AAL7962 195.1-198.1 640-650 3.6 21.2 160 3.3 28.4 4.94 2.7 580 3.2 0.21 3.9
AAL7964 201.2-204.2 660-670 2.6 10 190 2.6 16.4 1.78 1.9 885 2.5 0.12 2.1
AAL7966 207.3-210.3 680-690 2.7 12.2 320 3.4 22.7 3.99 2.3 578 2.9 0.15 2.4
AAL7968 213.4-216.4 700-710 3.4 20.7 760 22.1 33.3 28 2.6 435 3 0.62 3.3
AAL7970 219.5- 222.5 720-730 3.4 9.8 240 4.4 27.5 5.3 2.3 898 2.8 0.27 2.8
Detection
0.1 0.2 10 0.5 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.02 0.1
Limit
469
SAMPLE_ID Depth (m) Depth V W Y Zn Zr
(ft) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
AAL7944 146.3-149.4 480-490 10 0.4 16.5 30 21.7
AAL7946 152.4-155.5 500-510 12 0.3 16.2 41 25.7
AAL7948 159.0-161.5 520-530 12 0.3 15.5 29 21.2
AAL7950 164.6-167.6 540-550 15 0.9 16.4 31 25.5
AAL7952 170.9-173.7 560-570 10 0.3 12.3 23 21.9
AAL7954 176.8-179.8 580-590 23 0.4 17.5 54 39.2
AAL7956 182.9-185.9 600-610 33 0.5 20.8 73 42.3
AAL7958 189.0-192.0 620-630 17 1.2 17.8 33 21.9
AAL7962 195.1-198.1 640-650 17 0.8 16.8 53 32.5
AAL7964 201.2-204.2 660-670 10 0.4 14.5 22 23
AAL7966 207.3-210.3 680-690 13 0.7 14.6 35 28.6
AAL7968 213.4-216.4 700-710 20 1.8 12.9 52 29.6
AAL7970 219.5- 222.5 720-730 12 0.7 17.2 29 28.1
Detection
1 0.1 0.1 2 0.5
Limit
470
Appendix G. Defining Isotope and Pathfinder Element Thresholds
G.1 Report
G.1 Introduction and Objectives
Defining Background Isotope and Pathfinder Elements
An objective in alteration studies is to define background, anomalous and highly anomalous thresh-
olds for pathfinder elements and the major elements involved in fluid transport during alteration. Defining
thresholds is an important objective in mineral exploration and exploration geochemistry because it im-
proves targeting and vectoring of mineral deposits (Sinclair, 1991; Cheng, 1994; Kelley et al. 2006; Reimann,
2009). In this thesis it is important to define thresholds for 18O-13C isotopes and pathfinder element (As, Au,
Hg, Sb, Tl) concentrations. Defining the background is important in this thesis to determine the carbonate
alteration footprint of the deposit and its extent, to understand the fluid fronts of isotopes and pathfinder
elements down drill holes and the use of these datasets as a vectoring tool. Define the highly anomalous
threshold is important to define mineralization targets within the deposit footprint.
Three types of background are considered for δ13C and δ18O isotope compositions: global-scale for
marine carbonate sedimentary rocks, regional-scale and deposit-scale. Global scale δ13C and δ18O background
values have been compiled by Veizer et al. (1999) to understand the evolution of Phanerozoic seawater.
Global scale background for mean δ18O (V-SMOW) for the Ordovician is 25.8 ‰ (range: 19.1 to 28.8 ‰); Silu-
rian is 25.8 ‰ (range: 22.7 to 28.8 ‰) and Devonian is 25.2 ‰ (range: 21.6 to 30.9 ‰) (Veizer et al., 1999).
Global scale background for mean δ13C (V-PDB) for the Ordovician is -1 ‰ (range: -2.5 to 6 ‰); Silurian is -2
‰ (range -3 to 8 ‰) and Devonian is 1 ‰ (-2 to 5.5 ‰) (Veizer et al., 1999). Regional scale background in
Nevada was defined by Vaughan (2013) for δ18O and pathfinder element concentrations from Lone Mountain
which is distal from a hydrothermal system. Regional scale background samples were collected and defined
by Vaughan (2013) at Lone Mountain in the Ordovician Hansen Creek, Silurian-Devonian Roberts Mountains,
Silurian-Devonian Lone Mountain Dolomite and the Devonian Nevada Group Formations. Deposit-scale
background isotope and geochemistry should be defined using the local stratigraphic sequence in each car-
bonate alteration study and previous studies in the carbonate alteration of CTDs can be used for comparison
(Ahmed, 2010; Vaughan, 2013; Lepore, 2013).
Two types of background are considered for pathfinder elements (As, Au, Hg, Sb and Tl); regional and
471
deposit-scale background. Vaughan (2013) defined background pathfinder element concentrations using
regional samples from Lone Mountain as mentioned above for background isotopes and locally using five dis-
tal drill holes to the Goldstrike property. Deposit-scale background was higher in concentrations for the five
pathfinder elements and 13C and 18O compared to the regional background. The study did not use absolute
background values but used the average plus standard deviation from the local background samples. Surface
sampling from the Goldstrike property was not viable. The most distal drill holes were still within the depos-
it footprint (Vaughan, 2013). Lepore (2013) focused on As, Hg, Sb and Tl on the Long Canyon Deposit in NE
Nevada and utilized drill core assay values which were plotted in Gemcom GEMS. The threshold was lowered
until the limit of the geochemical halo stopped expanding in a consistent pattern. Probability plots were
assessed as ineffective due to the heterogeneous behaviour of the pathfinder elements across the deposit.
Lepore (2013) carried out a 800 m traverse across the surface over and distal to the deposit which was used
for targeting units and structural features but not for defining background.
Deposit-scale δ18O background (undepleted) at the Pipeline Complex in the Cortez District, was
defined as > 22 ‰, anomalous (weakly depleted) is 20 to 22 ‰; and highly anomalous (depleted) δ18O is
<20‰ Ahmed, (2010) and Hickey et al. (2014). Deposit-scale δ18O background (undepleted) at the Goldstrike
property was defined as values > 20 ‰, anomalous (weakly depleted) is 15 to 20 ‰, and highly anomalous
(depleted) was defined as values <15 ‰ (Vaughan, 2013). Deposit-scale δ18O background (undepleted) at the
Long Canyon Deposit was defined as values >19 ‰, anomalous (weakly depleted) is 17.5 to 19 ‰, and highly
anomalous (depleted) was defined as values <17.5 ‰ (Lepore, 2013). At the Pipeline Complex, δ13C back-
ground (undepleted) is a defined range from -1 to 6 ‰; anomalous (weakly depleted) -1 to -2 ‰ and highly
anomalous (depleted) as <-2 ‰ (Hickey et al. 2014). Vaughan (2013) and Lepore (2013) did not define δ13C
background on a deposit-scale.
Deposit-scale background in this thesis was defined utilizing existing surface exploration geochem-
istry data provided by Barrick Gold Inc. and new surface samples collected during the course of two field
seasons in this thesis.
472
Table 1. Regional δ13C and δ18O background from Lone Mountain for individual formations.
Formation/Group Lithology δ13C (V-PDB) ‰ δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰

Devonian Nevada Group Dolostone -0.68 25.5
Devonian Nevada Group Limestone 3.51 26.2
Devonian Nevada Group Limestone -1.19 27.2
Silurian-Devonian Lone Dolostone 0.93 24.6
Mountain Dolomite
Silurian-Devonian Lone Unknown -0.70 25.5
Mountain Dolomite
Silurian-Devonian Roberts Unknown 0.90 24.1
Mountain
Silurian-Devonian Roberts Unknown 0.50 26.2
Mountain
Silurian-Devonian Roberts Silty limestone -0.05 26.6
Mountain
Silurian-Devonian Roberts Silty limestone 1.24 24.3
Mountain
Ordovician Hansen Creek Limestone 1.47 25.4
Table 2. Regional background thresholds for pathfinder elements from Lone Mountain for individual forma-
tions. Units are in parts per million (ppm).

Formation/Group As Au Hg Sb Tl
Devonian Nevada Group <4.1 <0.003 <0.008 <0.42 <0.5
Silurian-Devonian Lone <26 <0.155 <0.113 <0.73 <0.5
Mountain Dolomite
Silurian-Devonian Rob- <6 <0.073 <0.1 <0.37 <0.5
erts Mt.
Ordovician Hansen <5 <0.003 <0.021 <0.32 <0.5
Creek
Table 3. Regional background thresholds for pathfinder elements for Goldstrike Property and the Long Can-
yon deposit. Units are in parts per million (ppm).

Background As Au Hg Sb Tl
location
Goldstrike 34 0.016 0.38 3.65 0.44
Long Canyon 20 - 0.1 0.15 0.25
473
G.2 Methodology
Field Sampling
Field sampling was carried out during two field seasons (summers 2014 and 2015) in the Cortez Dis-
trict (Fig. G1.1). Sampling targeted the complete stratigraphic sequence of the district. Different formations
and lithologies were sampled in the same areas to understand stratigraphic controls, effects of alteration and
distance from faults. Samples were collected to the greatest extents of Cortez Hills and an effort was made
to avoid sampling areas proximal to Cortez Silver, Goldrush Complex and Horse Canyon Pits. The areas have
been outlined in a map (Fig. G1.1). Cortez Hills proximal area included the hills north-west and north of the
Cortez Hills Pit up to the northern deposits located south of the Crescent Fault. A total of 101 samples were
collected from the Srm and Dwb Formations. Sampling was also carried out of the Old Cortez Deposit located
south of the Crescent Fault but north of Cortez Hills: F-Canyon, Ada and Cortez Pits. A total of 15 samples
were collected from the Srm and Dwb Formations at Old Cortez.
The Horse Canyon Haul Road (HCHR) was sampled from the Old Cortez Town Site to Harry’s Point at
30-50 m intervals when appropriate. This included a total of 8 samples from the western slopes of the HCHR.
A total of 116 samples were collected from the Oe, Ohc, Srm, and Dwb Formations. Harry’s Point is located
on the slopes south of the HCHR and hosts Upper Plate rocks in the southern most slopes and hills. This area
was sampled to obtain background samples of the Dhc Formation as it does not exist on surface elsewhere in
the Cortez District except within the Cortez Hills deposit. A total of 12 samples were collected from the Dwb
and Dhc Formations here. The south-east canyon of Arctic Canyon was sampled moving from the base of the
Cortez Hills stratigraphic sequence in the the Ch Formation up to the Srm Formation. Samples collected were
not visibly altered or mineralized. A total of 7 samples were collected from the Ch, Oe, Ohc and Srm Forma-
tions. Mineralized samples were collected from the dumps of the old mill site which was part of Cortez Silver
Mines. A total of 5 samples were collected.
All surface samples obtained were approximately fist-sized except for fissile planar units. Where
intense veining existed, a veined sample plus an additional sample 1-2 m was collected where the wall rock
was weakly veined or veining was absent.
C and 18O Isotope Analysis

13
Isotope analyses were performed on the IO-CAOS (off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy)
474
Los Gatos Research (LGR) Carbonate Isotope Analyzer instrument in the Mineral Deposit Research Units lab
at the University of British Columbia. δ18O and δ13C values are reported in per mil (‰). δ18O is reported in
accordance with the Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (V-SMOW) and δ13C in accordance with the Vienna
Pee Dee Belemnite (V-PDB).
Multi-element Geochemistry
Samples were cut, and weathered rims and altered areas were discarded to target the most pristine
and visibly unaltered rock. Hand samples were cut to fist-size slabs with veins and veinlets removed if possi-
ble. Samples were then crushed and pulverized. Sample analysis was carried out by ALS commercial labo-
ratories. Four-acid digestion was performed on 48 elements and aqua-regia for Hg. Code for commercial
analysis is ME-MS61. Legacy data provided by Barrick Gold. were obtained using the same lab, ICP method
and digestion method. Geochemistry from drill holes selected for isotope analysis were utilized for compari-
son between the two datasets.
Defining Thresholds for Isotope and Geochemistry Data
Probability plots were used to defining background, anomalous and highly anomalous thresholds for
pathfinder elements and δ13C and δ18O isotopes. Probability plots were considered the most effective statis-
tical analytical tool. Probability plots are a relatively unbiased and reliable statistical tool for analyzing and
displaying large datasets. This statistical analytical tool was used in Reflex IoGAS software.
The drill hole database included approximately 6,000 drill holes including 299 data points from dis-
trict surface geochemistry (Barrick data: 266 points; MDRU data: 33 points) were initially combined. Surface
geochemistry includes the Lower Plate rocks and the Upper Plate rocks were removed. All surface geochem-
istry data utilized four-acid digestion. Values below the detection limit were halved. Detection limits for the
CTD pathfinder elements are: As– 0.2 ppm, Hg– 0.005 ppm, Sb– 0.05 ppm, Tl– 0.02 ppm. The complete drill
hole database and surface geochemistry combined was too data rich and knick points or changes in slope
could be confidently identified. The database was reduced to 2,000 data points but this was too large. The
maximum no. of values that can be used is 1200. More than ~1200 samples knick points and slope changes
are difficult to distinguish. The surface geochemistry database from the Cortez District was subsequently
focused on. To define background, a data analysis workflow was created:
1. Combine new and existing surface sample database
475
2. Produce probability plots – choose knick points and slope changes
3. Isolate potential thresholds
4. Project potential thresholds in spatial map
5. Investigate thresholds spatially for geological, distance, structural patterns
6. Select different knick points and slope changes to determine when a decrease in concen-
tration becomes random
7. Use background and anomalous thresholds in surface samples in district.
Selection of knick points and slope changes were objective and qualitative. Background values
represent rock that has not been altered. Anomalous values represent rock that has been weakly altered and
highly anomalous values represent areas of potential mineralization. Below the background threshold, the
data begins to display random patterns when plotted spatially. Anomalous values are highlighted in known
structural and altered areas in the district and can be clearly identified on the probability plots as the steep-
est slopes and where the data points are more sparsely distributed. Background threshold values for a single
element or isotope was tested against other pathfinder elements and δ18O in the probability plots by insert-
ing the additional data as a colour scheme. This was implemented to test how biased the selection of knick
points and a change in slope was in defining background values and to investigate relationships between the
background values of pathfinder elements and δ18O.
G.3 Results
Probability Plots of Background and Anomalous Thresholds
Slope changes and knick points were made different colours and compared spatially in the district
map. Some populations were subsequently grouped together as they did not display different patterns when
plotted spatially. These populations were often between background and anomalous data populations. Back-
ground, anomalous and highly anomalous thresholds defined using probability plots and spatial maps in Fig.
G1.2 to G1.5 are summarized in Table 4. Refer to the geological map in Fig. G1.1. for geographical locations
and Fig. 2.2. geology of the highlighted areas. Spatial maps display an increase in scale with geology as the
background for δ13C, δ18O and the pathfinder elements to highlight formation and structural changes along
476
the HCHR compared to the later spatial maps for drill hole sampling.
Table 4. Background (lower), anomalous and highly anomalous (upper) thresholds as defined in this study for
all the tracers. Pathfinder element sample size is 299. δ13C and δ18O sample size is 125.
Background Highly Anom-

Element (ppm)
(Lower) Anomalous alous (Upper)
/ Isotope (‰)
Threshold Threshold
Au <0.034 >0.034 6.4
< 11 11– 98 >98
As
(74 %) (19%) (5%)
< 0.11 0.11–1.2 > 1.2
Hg
(72%) (23%) (4%)
<2.3 2.3 – 20 >20
Sb
(68%) (27%) (5%)
< 0.35 0.35 –1.2 > 1.2

Tl
(79%) (16%) (5%)
< 1.75 1.75 to -0.75 <-0.75
δ13C
(52%) (34%) (52%)
> 20.8 20.8 to 18 <18
δ18O
(74%) (10%) (16%)
Spatial Distribution of Background and Anomalous Pathfinder Element Thresholds
Spatial relationships occur between geology, isotope and geochemistry results in the Cortez Dis-
trict. The Cortez District can be divided into seven areas moving NW to SE as shown in Fig. G1.1.: Old Cortez,
F-Canyon and Ada Pits, proximal hills NW of Cortez Hills Pit, Old Cortez Town Site, antiform and intensely
faulted area in the northern section of the HCHR and the Horse Canyon Haul Road (HCHR) and Harry’s Point.
Ada Pit (Old Cortez Deposit) displays anomalous values but no highly anomalous threshold values for
all four pathfinder elements. Sb displays the majority of the anomalous values (>2.3 ppm). These samples
were all visibly altered and sampled within the Srm Fm. Old Cortez Town Site displays background anomalous
and several highly anomalous values for As, Hg, and Sb. One sample provides a highly anomalous value for Tl,
all other samples are background. These rocks were all visibly unaltered but contained weak calcite veining.
The hills proximal to Cortez Hills display background values for all four elements with the exception of 1 sam-
ple showing above background (>11 ppm) for As. This demonstrates that the hills are outside the reactions
477
fluid fronts for those four pathfinder elements. The northern canyon of Arctic Canyon samples (n=3) are
anomalous and highly anomalous. The geochemistry data by Barrick was collected in the northern canyon of
Arctic Canyon which is proximal to the Old Cortez Silver Mine adits. The antiform area and intensely faulted
area at the beginning of the HCHR displays anomalous and a few highly anomalous values for Hg and Sb. For
Tl, the majority of values are background. Horse Canyon Haul Road area dominantly displays background val-
ues for all 4 elements. There are several data points for the elements that are anomalous on the west side of
the HCHR within the Dwb Fm. These samples are visibly altered and proximal to faults. Several heavily faulted
areas south of Harry’s Point and west of the HCHR display anomalous and occasionally highly anomalous
values. Sb is the most reactive pathfinder element and Tl is the least travelled pathfinder element.
Spatial Distribution of 13C and 18O Isotopes
Carbon (Fig. G1.4) and oxygen (Fig. G1.5) isotope results are described by formation, spatially with
structures and area, and subsequently compared and related to the thresholds defined for the pathfinder
elements. Eight samples from the Oe Fm. analyzed in the district. The range for unaltered samples are: δ13C
-0.7 to 1.95 ‰ and δ18O 21.9 to 25.3 ‰. The only altered samples located on the HCHR obtained values of:
HHC-1: δ13C -2.5 ‰ and δ18O 14.3 ‰; and HHC-2 with δ13C -1.15 ‰ and δ18O-22.21 ‰. HHC-1 is a white
dolomitic quartzite which has been fractured and oxidised. HHC-2 is a black-grey dolomitic quartzite which
has been intensely fractured and veined. HHC-2 is not depleted in δ18O but is in δ13C. 4 samples from the Ohc
Fm. analyzed in the district and 3 unaltered samples produced a range of δ13C -0.08 to 1.8 ‰ and δ18O 22.9 to
26.3 ‰. One unaltered sample produced a δ13C of 0.5 and δ18O of 19.25 ‰. Five or six samples of the Ohc
are above background for δ13C. Mean δ18O of the Dwb Fm. is 23 ‰ and the Srm. Fm. is 20.6 ‰ with the Srm
Fm displaying the most depleted whiskers and anomalies in the box and whisker plots. No clear deviation of
δ18O occurs between the Dwb and Srm formations and this can be best viewed moving up the stratigraphic
sequence at the Srm-Dwb contact as you travel south-east along the HCHR. There is no clear stratigraphic
control on δ18O. The Srm Fm. is more depleted in δ13C compared to Dwb. For example the mean δ18O of the
Dwb. Fm is 1.31‰ and the Srm is 0.30‰. δ13C and δ18O depletion in the Srm Formation is not a function of
stratigraphy but caused by its proximity to faulting and folding structures. For example, the northern area of
the HCHR area is due to these structures and several samples that have been visibly altered.
All samples at Old Cortez are highly anomalous in δ13C and δ18O. Samples located on the fringes,
south of the pit are background. These samples are up to 100 m outside the pit and an increase of up to
478
80 m in elevation. Old Cortez Town site displayed δ13C and δ18O background values. Arctic Canyon displays
δ13C and δ18O background values. The antiform and faulted area in the HCHR displays highly anomalous and
anomalous values. There is a faulted area just south of the antiform and intensely faulted area.
Relationship Between 13C and 18O Isotopes and Pathfinder Elements
Arctic Canyon displayed background δ13C and δ18O however pathfinder elements are above back-
ground. This contrast is due to sampling location. Geochemistry data by Barrick was collected in the north-
ern canyon of Arctic Canyon, proximal to the Old Cortez Silver Mine adits. Samples in this study were collect-
ed from the southern canyon in visually unaltered stratigraphy and distal to silver mineralization. Old Cortez
Town Site displays anomalous and several highly anomalous values for As, Hg and Sb but all δ13C and δ18O
values were background. Insufficient quantity of carbonate samples from Harry’s Point were collected and
analyzed. Majority of samples analyzed from Harry’s Point were of the Dhc Formation and were more silica
rich relative to carbonate. Reaction fronts sequence in terms of distance travelled for the study results are:
δ13C <Tl <Hg <As < Sb < δ18O. Samples along the HCHR are slightly biased towards structural features. Sam-
ples in this area are located on the limbs of at least one major anticline in the district.
G.4 Discussion, Conclusions and Recommendations
Significant variations occur in background on a global, regional and deposit scale for δ13C and δ18O in
sedimentary carbonate rocks. Background should be defined on a deposit or local scale for pilot and detailed
studies for mineral exploration. Chapter 4 vein classification and paragenesis demonstrated a pattern of
increasingly altered rocks producing a depleted δ13C and δ18O compositions. Background δ18O was defined
by drill hole and surface data from the Cortez District and highlights areas of background values (20.8 to 22.3
‰) within the Old Cortez Town Site and within the Roberts Mt. Fm. Within the hills proximal to Cortez Hills
and along the antiform and heavily faulted area there is above background depletion: < 20.8 ‰ (weakly de-
pleted to depleted values). The formation change from the Dwb to the Srm Formations displays a change in
δ13C which may be related to the rock composition. No significant change occurs in δ18O therefore no correc-
tion should be applied. As and Hg correlates with the heavier δ18O background values in the Old Cortez Town
Site and antiform-faulted area. As correlates more strongly than Hg. Note that As and Hg background for the
Srm Formation and Dwb Formation change which may indicate the change in δ18O at this formation boundary
is not a function of distance from the deposit. Reaction fronts from shortest to farthest distance travelled for
the district are δ13C < Tl< Hg < Sb < As < δ18O.
479
Stratigraphic Controls on 13C and 18O Isotopes
Global background demonstrates over time that geological events and processes produce secular
change in δ13C and δ18O (Veizer et al. 1999). Ripperdan (2001) investigated the stratigraphic profile of the
Ohc Formation in the Copenhagen Canyon, Eastern Monitor Range, Central Nevada. Results showed a varia-
tion throughout a 140 m section of the stratigraphy in 7 units. The Ka unit displays values of 1 to 2.1‰ with
some outliers. An increase of +6 ‰ for δ13C was recorded from the Ka to Kb interval in the Ohc Formation at
Copenhagen Canyon. The Kb and Kc units have values ranging from -0.5 to +7 ‰. There are major fluctua-
tions in the Ke unit from 0 - 3.5 ‰. The Kf unit shows values from 0 to 1 ‰. The Kg unit shows fluctuations
with values for δ13C of 0 to 1.
Major fluctuations in the Kd unit is a result of rapid deposition. A rapid rise to heavy positive values
for the Kb and Kc units is a result of rapid sea level shallowing and major change in type of sedimentation
(Ripperdan, 2001). Rapid changes in δ13C to positive excursions from Copper Canyon and other Upper Ordo-
vician localities such as the Porkuni Formation in Estonia and Latvia (Marshall et al. 1997) and the Boda For-
mation in Central Sweden (Marshall and Middleton, 1990) suggest that they only occur after a drastic change
in depositional environment (Ripperdan, 2001). Finney et al. (2001) demonstrated that an increase in δ13C
in the Vinini Formation in Vinini Creek, Roberts Mountains occurred “after a gradational change from black,
organic-rich siliceous mudstone to brown mudstone to light grey lime mudstone.” In the Cortez District there
are no subunits or lithologies within the Dwb or Srm Formations that are significantly organic rich in carbon.
This is in strong contrast to Goldstrike in the Carlin Trend (Vaughan, 2013) and Turquoise Ridge on the Getch-
ell Trend (Cline et al. 2005; Muntean et al. 2010) where the abundance of organic carbon may influence the
isotopic composition.
Vectoring Towards Mineralization and Fluid Flow Pathways
Anomalous pathfinder element concentrations and highly anomalous δ18O values occur within the
Cortez Pits where all samples are visibly altered and proximal to mineralization. All tracers indicate there is a
potential mineralization target in the northern area of the HCHR where a high density of faulting occurs and
it is located along strike of the Cortez Anticline hinge. There is a gradual decrease in tracer concentrations SE
of this area. Anomalous and several highly anomalous values for the tracers occur in areas in on the fringes
of HCHR on the limbs of the anticline where there are mapped faults and at Harry’s Point where there are
mapped faults. There is a clear decrease in δ18O travelling SE of the deposit but it is difficult to determine if
480
this is reflective of the deposit footprint or proximity to structural features. The southern half of the HCHR
is distal to the deposit and large structural features and it may represent the δ18O halo of the Cortez Hills
deposit.
Application of Tracer Thresholds to the Subsurface Geology
Thresholds determined from the above methodology and workflow are on surface samples. The aim
of this study was to define thresholds for the whole district including surface and subsurface so they can be
used interchangeably to define the carbonate alteration footprint and fluid flow pathways for mineral explo-
ration. Thresholds were applied to 28 drill holes for carbon-oxygen data, and ~6,000 drill holes for geochem-
istry located across the district. δ18O is plotted against pathfinder elements in X-Y scatterplots (Fig. G1.6) with
thresholds for all tracers highlighted with different colours and lines. Data density is high in the background
and anomalous pathfinder sectors. Pathfinder element concentrations were not log scaled as this obscures
the behavior between highly anomalous values and the reactions fronts.
Scatterplots show an increase in δ18O depletion with increasing pathfinder element concentration
as displayed by the curved arrows (Fig. G1.6). Scatterplots demonstrate that the δ18O front is ahead of the
pathfinder element fronts. Majority of anomalous values with the exception of As are within the anomalous
or highly anomalous δ18O threshold. Scatterplots show the order of reaction fronts relative to least distance
travelled is Tl < Hg < Sb < As < δ18O. These reactions fronts are similar to those on the surface as stated
above. This consistency between subsurface and surface indicates that the thresholds can be applied inter-
changeably with datasets of different resolution and scale.
Recommendations for Exploration Applications
1. Use pathfinder elements as an additional aid to vector towards mineralization. It is an
excellent assessment tool to ensure 13C and 18O isotopes are applicable to the exploration
area.
2. Define background isotope and geochemistry on sub-suites of large datasets. Too many
data points (e.g. >1,200) produce a high data density and do not reveal knick points and
clear changes in slope.
3. Investigate surface rocks proximal and distal to the deposit to define the greatest extent
481
of carbonate alteration because there may be complex patterns/ behavior and hetero-
geneities within different structures and orezones subsurface. If surface outcrop is not
available, use a drill hole that most distal to the deposit, has no mineralization, alteration
and no elevated pathfinder element.
4. Consider the local stratigraphic changes in carbonate rocks as they may influence the
13
C-18O isotope composition. Local stratigraphic changes may be caused by lithology,
type of carbonate present and possibly diagenesis.
5. Define a lower threshold of 13C-18O isotopes and pathfinder elements to determine the
extent of alteration, and an upper threshold for targeting mineralization. This distinction
is important once you step inside the CTD footprint.
G.5 References
Ahmed, A.D. (2010). Beyond the Confines of the Ore Deposit: Mapping Low Temperature Hydrothermal Al-
teration Above, Within, and Beneath Carlin-type gold Deposits. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, Vancouver,
BC, The University of British Columbia. 197 p.
Cheng, Q., Agterberg, F.P., and Ballantyne, S.B. (1994). The Separation of Geochemical Anomalies from Back-
ground by Fractal Methods. Journal of Geochemical Exploration. V.51. p. 109–130.
Cline, J.S., Hofstra, A.H., Tosdal, R.M., Muntean, J., and Hickey, K.A. (2005). Carlin-type Gold Deposits in
Nevada, USA: Critical Geological Characteristics and Viable Models. Economic Geology 100th Anni-
versary Volume. p. 451–484.
Finney, S.C., Berry, W.B.N., Cooper, J.D., Ripperdan, R.L., Sweet, W.C., Jacobson, S.R., Soufiane, A., Achab,
A., and Noble, P.J. (1999). Late Ordovician Mass Extinction: A New Perspective from Stratigraphic
Sections in Central Nevada. Geology. V.27. No.3. P. 215-218.
Hickey, K.A., Ahmed, A.D., Barker, S.L.L., and Leonardson, R. (2014). Fault-Controlled Lateral Fluid Flow
Underneath and into a Carlin-type Gold Deposit: Isotopic and Geochemical Footprints. Economic
Geology. V.109. p. 1431–1460.
Kelley, D.L., Kelley, K.D., Coker, W.B., Caughlin, B., and Doherty, M.E. (2006). Beyond the Obvious Limits of
482
Ore Deposits: the Use of Mineralogical, Geochemical, and Biological Features for the Remote Detec
tion of Mineralization. Economic Geology. V.101. p.729–752
Lepore, L.A. (2013). Petrophysical and Physiochemical Controlling Parameters on Stable Isotope Deple-
tion Patterns in Carbonate Rocks from Auriferous Hydrothermal Fluid Infiltration at the Long Canyon
Sediment-Hosted Gold Deposit: NE Nevada. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, Vancouver, BC, University of
British Columbia. 249 p.
Marshall., J.D., and Middleton, P.D. (1990). Changes in Marine Isotopic Composition and the Late Ordovician
Glaciation. Journal of the Geological Society of London. V. 147. p. 1–4.
Marshall, J.D., Brenchley, P.J., Mason, P., Wolff, G.A., Astini, R.A., Hints, L., and Meidla, T. (1997). Global Car-
bon Isotopic Events Associated with Mass Extinction and Glaciation in the Late Ordovician. Palaeo
geography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. V.132. p. 195–210.
Muntean, J.L., Cassinerio, M.D., Arehart, G.B., Cline, J.S., and Longo, A.A. (2010). Fluid Pathways at the
Turquoise Ridge Carlin-Type Gold Deposit, Getchell District, Nevada. Society for Geology Applied to
Mineral Deposits.
Reiman, C., Filzmoser, P., Garrett, R., and Dutter, R. (2009). Defining Background and Threshold, Identifi-
cation of Data Outliers and Element Sources In: Statistical Data Analysis Explained: Applied Environ
mental Statistics with R. Wiley & Sons. p. 107–128.
Ripperdan, R.L. (2001). Stratigraphic Variation in Marine Carbonate Carbon Isotope Ratios, In: Stable Isotope
Geochemistry. V.43. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemisty. Mineralogical Society of America. p.
637–658.
Sinclair, A.J. (1991). A Fundamental Approach to Threshold Estimation in Exploration Geochemistry: Proba-
bility Plots Revisited. Journal of Geochemical Exploration. V.41. p. 1–22.
Vaughan, J. (2013). Tracing Hydrothermal Fluid Flow in the Rock Record: Geochemical and Isotopic Con-
straints on Fluid Flow in Carlin-type Gold Systems. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Vancouver, BC,
The University of British Columbia. 650 p.
Veizer, J., Bruckschen, P., Pawellek, F., Diener, A., Podlaha, O.G., Carden, G.A.F., Jasper, T., Korte, C., Strauss,
483
H., Azmy, K., and Ala, D. (1997). Oxygen Isotope Evolution of Phanerozoic Seawater. Palaeogeogra-
phy, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. V.132. p. 159–172.
Veizer, J., Ala, D., Azmy, K., Bruckschen, P., Buhl, D., Bruhn, F., Carden, G.A.F., Diener, A., Ebneth, S., God
deris, Y., Jasper, T., Korte, C., Pawellek, F., Podlaha, O.G., and Strauss, H. (1999). 87Sr/86Sr, δ13C and
δ18O Evolution of Phanerozoic Seawater. Chemical Geology. V. 161. p. 58–88.
484
116.65°W 116.64°W 116.63°W 116.62°W 116.61°W 116.60°W 116.59°W 116.58°W 116.57°W
40.19°N
40.18°N
40.17°N
40.16°N
40.15°N
40.14°N
40.13°N
40.12°N
40.11°N
40.10°N
116.65°W 116.64°W 116.63°W 116.62°W 116.61°W 116.60°W 116.59°W 116.58°W 116.57°W 116.56°W
Figure G1.1. Map covering the majority of the Cortez District to highlight the areas sampled to define
the background and anomalous thresholds for 13C-18O isotopes and pathfinder elements (As, Au, Hg, Sb,
Tl). The background of the map is the local topography.
485
As Hg
2200
A B
2000 20
1800 18
1600 16
1400 14
12
ppm
1200
ppm
1000 10
800 8
600 6
400 4
200 2
0 N=299 0 N=299
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Normal Score Normal Score
Sb Tl
C 4.5 D
200
180 4.0
160 3.5
140 3.0
120
2.5
ppm
ppm
100
2.0
80
1.5
60
40 1.0
20 0.5
0 N=299 0 N=299
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Normal Score Normal Score
Figure G1.2. Probability plots for As, Hg, Sb and Tl. The change in colour represents three data popula-
tions; background, anomalous and highly altered based on change in slope and knick points.
486
As Hg
A Old Cortez Pits N B

40.19
40.18
40.17
Hills proximal to
40.16 Cortez Hills
40.15
Latitude
Old Cortez
40.14 Town Site
40.13 Horse Canyon

Haul Road
40.12
Thresholds Thresholds
40.11
>98 ppm >1.2 ppm
40.10 >11 ppm >0.11 ppm
<11 ppm Harry’s <0.11 ppm
40.09
Point
N=299 N=299
Sb Tl
C D
40.19
40.18
40.17
40.16
40.15
Latitude
40.14
40.13
40.12
40.11 Thresholds Thresholds

>29 ppm >1.2 ppm
40.10 >2.3 ppm >0.35 ppm
40.09 <2.3 ppm <0.35 ppm

N=299 N=299
-116.65 -116.63 -116.61 -116.59 -116.57 -116.55 -116.65 -116.63 -116.61 -116.59 -116.57 -116.55
Longitude Longitude
Figure G1.3. Data from probability plots for As, Hg, Sb and Tl plotted spatially across the Cortez
District. The black circles are background values, green circles are anomalous values, and red are
highly altered values. Use legend box for threshold values.
487
4 A
δ13C (V-PDB) ‰ 2
-1
-2
N=125
-2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Normal Score
40.20
B
40.19 Old Cortez Pits
40.18
40.17
Hills proximal to
Cortez Hills
40.16
Arctic
Latitude
40.15 Canyon
40.14 Old Cortez

Town Site
40.13 Horse Canyon

Haul Road
40.12
40.11
Harry’s Point
N=125
40.10
-116.65 -116.63 -116.61 -116.59 -116.57 -116.55
Longitude
Figure G1. 4A. Carbon isotope data plotted in a probability plot to define the back-
ground, anomalous and highly altered sample populations. B. Carbon isotope data
sample populations plotted spatially in the Cortez District. Colour scheme match-
es that of the probability plot. See text for further information.
488
30
A
25
δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰
20
15
10
N=125
5
-2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Normal Score
40.20
B
40.19 Old Cortez Pits
40.18
40.17
Hills proximal to
Cortez Hills
40.16
Arctic
Latitude
40.15 Canyon
Old Cortez
40.14
Town Site
40.13 Horse Canyon

Haul Road
40.12
40.11
Harry’s Point
N=125
40.10
-116.65 -116.63 -116.61 -116.59 -116.57 -116.55
Longitude
Figure G1.5A. Oxygen isotope data plotted in a probability plot to define the
background, anomalous and highly altered sample populations. B. Oxygen
isotope data sample populations plotted spatially in the Cortez District. Co-
lour scheme matches that of the probability plot. See text for further infor-
mation.
489
30 30
28 28
26 26
24 24
22 Lower Threshold 22 Lower Threshold
δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰
δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰
20 20
18 18
Upper Threshold Upper Threshold
16 16
14 14
12 12
10 10
8 8
6 6
<11 ppm <0.11 ppm
4 4
2 11-98 2 0.11-1.20
0 N=1972 >98 ppm N=1972 >1.20 ppm
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
As (ppm) Hg (ppm)
30 30
28 28
26 26
24 24
22 Lower Threshold 22 Lower Threshold
δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰
δ18O (V-SMOW) ‰
20 20
18 18
Upper Threshold Upper Threshold
16 16
14 14
12 12
10 10
8 8
6 6
<2.3 ppm <0.35 ppm
4 4
2.3-20 0.35-1.20
2 2
N=1972 >20 ppm N=1972 >1.20 ppm
0 0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Sb (ppm) Tl (ppm)
Figure G1.6. X-Y scatterplots for the drill hole database for the four pathfinder elements to
assess the thresholds defined using the surface geochemistry and isotope database in this
study for each element. Grey circles represent background, green circles represent anoma-
lous and red represents highly altered values. Upper and lower thresholds of δ18O are high-
lighted to display the background, anomalous and highly anomalous relationships with those
of the pathfinder elements.
490
Appendix G2. Surface Geochemistry Results
Table G2. Four-acid digestion ICP-MS Geochemistry.

Sample Area SAMPLE_ID Ag Al As Ba Be Bi Ca Cd Ce Co Cr Cs Cu
(ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (wt.%)
Arctic Canyon AC-1 0.31 0.07 1.3 5 0.06 0.05 2.59 0.07 1.92 0.2 10 0.06 1.9
Arctic Canyon AC-2 0.12 0.06 2.8 5 0.14 0.04 21.3 0.03 3.29 0.2 3 0.06 3
Arctic Canyon AC-3 0.02 0.43 1 5 0.1 0.06 19.5 0.01 5.36 0.9 4 0.32 4.7
Arctic Canyon AC-4 0.08 0.2 3 5 0.12 0.03 20.6 0.02 3.66 0.4 2 0.05 4.3
Arctic Canyon AC-5 0.15 1.25 6.8 130 0.37 0.04 26.5 2.42 17.8 1 14 0.73 8.2
Cortez Hills CH-12.2 0.02 0.74 1.4 10 0.23 0.03 29.1 0.04 14.5 0.7 21 0.41 3.7
Cortez Hills CH-14 0.04 0.3 5.4 40 0.15 0.02 30.8 0.02 8.44 0.3 6 0.21 3.7
Cortez Hills CH-18 0.01 0.04 0.1 5 0.08 0.02 21.2 0.01 1.88 0.2 1 0.025 1.8
Cortez Hills CH-1R 0.04 0.54 1.4 10 0.28 0.02 33.4 0.01 12.7 0.6 11 0.21 1.5
Cortez Hills CH-26 0.05 1.56 4.2 40 0.56 0.06 29 0.04 20.3 1.8 36 2.3 1.7
Cortez Hills CH-27 0.02 0.72 2.2 10 0.26 0.01 26.8 0.04 12.55 0.6 16 0.42 4.8
Cortez Hills CH-27 0.02 1.37 5.5 30 0.37 0.02 22 0.03 9.88 1.2 36 1.23 2.4
Cortez Hills CH-32 0.06 1.57 5 50 0.44 0.06 24.5 0.04 20.9 1.2 36 4.11 5.9
Cortez Hills CH-35 0.03 1.25 7.6 40 0.55 0.07 27.9 0.04 22.6 1.2 24 1.3 5.7
Cortez Hills CH-42 0.01 0.27 1.7 80 0.2 0.02 33 0.01 6.73 0.4 5 0.18 2.8
Cortez Hills CH-43.2 0.01 0.27 0.1 70 0.18 0.06 32.4 0.02 6.59 0.4 7 0.12 2.5
Cortez Hills CH-46.2 0.02 0.8 25 30 0.31 0.03 29.6 0.02 14.85 0.6 19 1.86 3.7
Cortez Hills CH-50 0.01 0.28 1.2 100 0.23 0.02 33.1 0.01 9.18 0.4 6 0.13 4.6
Cortez Hills CH-55 0.02 2.01 3 260 0.69 0.07 20.2 0.04 30.2 2.4 19 1.42 7.7
Cortez Hills CH-7 0.02 0.75 3.4 20 0.21 0.02 27.1 0.01 11.8 0.7 18 0.39 2.3
Cortez Hills CH-73 0.07 0.16 3.4 70 0.27 0.02 33.6 0.02 12.4 0.3 7 0.11 4.6
Cortez Hills CH-76 0.05 0.68 3.1 20 0.39 0.04 31.6 0.02 11.35 0.6 15 0.35 5
491
Table G2. continued. Four-acid digestion ICP-MS Geochemistry.
Sample Area SAMPLE_ID Fe Ga Ge Hf Hg In K La Li Mg Mn Mo Na

(wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (wt.%)
Arctic Canyon AC-1 0.29 0.29 0.07 0.1 0.007 0.003 0.02 1.2 1.4 1.16 68 0.71 0.01
Arctic Canyon AC-2 0.07 0.19 0.08 0.05 0.024 0.003 0.02 3 3.2 12.85 128 0.41 0.02
Arctic Canyon AC-3 0.3 1.1 0.13 0.1 0.03 0.007 0.22 2.8 5.7 12.15 197 0.18 0.01
Arctic Canyon AC-4 0.18 0.52 0.13 0.1 0.01 0.003 0.04 1.9 3.9 12.9 193 1.09 0.01
Arctic Canyon AC-5 0.41 2.69 0.14 0.8 0.059 0.007 0.88 10.8 10 1.22 75 2.98 0.01
Cortez Hills CH-12.2 0.36 1.37 0.1 0.4 0.007 0.009 0.09 13.2 4.8 1.74 93 0.19 0.01
Cortez Hills CH-14 0.14 0.72 0.15 0.2 0.055 0.003 0.1 7.7 3 1.16 44 0.15 0.005
Cortez Hills CH-18 0.06 0.13 0.15 0.05 0.005 0.003 0.02 1.1 0.5 13.05 225 0.08 0.005
Cortez Hills CH-1R 0.26 1.14 0.18 0.3 0.006 0.007 0.08 11.6 5.1 0.88 77 0.17 0.01
Cortez Hills CH-26 0.68 3.65 0.22 0.8 0.01 0.011 0.65 17.1 9.4 2.74 104 0.8 0.02
Cortez Hills CH-27 0.34 1.3 0.1 0.3 0.006 0.005 0.14 13.1 5.5 1.24 57 0.28 0.04
Cortez Hills CH-27 0.59 3 0.13 0.6 0.009 0.006 0.4 9.5 7.7 3.12 71 0.83 0.02
Cortez Hills CH-32 0.71 3.69 0.13 1.2 0.015 0.013 0.72 18.8 2.6 3.42 96 0.33 0.03
Cortez Hills CH-35 0.61 2.35 0.18 0.6 0.01 0.018 0.19 17.7 10.5 2.13 133 0.32 0.07
Cortez Hills CH-42 0.14 0.61 0.14 0.2 0.013 0.003 0.06 6.3 3.1 1.12 84 0.18 0.005
Cortez Hills CH-43.2 0.13 0.49 0.14 0.2 0.009 0.003 0.04 6 2.4 1.06 51 0.2 0.01
Cortez Hills CH-46.2 0.34 1.68 0.15 0.3 0.017 0.01 0.29 14.6 3.2 1.29 79 0.12 0.01
Cortez Hills CH-50 0.17 0.58 0.1 0.2 0.006 0.003 0.08 9.5 2.2 1.53 50 0.23 0.005
Cortez Hills CH-55 0.88 4.82 0.13 0.7 0.028 0.016 0.94 15 7.9 4.84 198 0.89 0.27
Cortez Hills CH-7 0.52 1.47 0.15 0.4 0.009 0.009 0.15 9.9 8.4 2.73 97 0.19 0.19
Cortez Hills CH-73 0.11 0.32 0.1 0.1 0.017 0.003 0.04 16.4 1.9 1.26 46 0.17 0.01
Cortez Hills CH-76 0.32 1.33 0.12 0.3 0.006 0.009 0.15 10.9 3.3 1.39 76 0.18 0.15
492
Sample Area SAMPLE_ID Nb Ni P Pb Rb Re S Sb Sc Se Sn Sr Ta

(ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
Arctic Canyon AC-1 0.1 1.4 20 7.9 0.7 0.001 0.005 1.45 0.1 <1 0.1 7.4 0.025
Arctic Canyon AC-2 0.1 1.5 5150 3.4 1 0.001 0.005 0.66 0.2 <1 0.1 84.3 0.025
Arctic Canyon AC-3 0.6 2.2 270 1.7 7.3 0.001 0.01 0.23 0.8 <1 0.1 63.4 0.025
Arctic Canyon AC-4 0.5 1.5 120 1.9 1.3 0.001 0.02 0.55 0.4 <1 0.2 59.6 0.025
Arctic Canyon AC-5 2.3 12.3 120 6.2 24.9 0.001 0.01 6.17 1.6 1 0.3 410 0.15
Cortez Hills CH-12.2 2.1 1.8 130 1.7 4.8 0.001 0.005 0.55 1.1 <1 0.2 1185 0.14
Cortez Hills CH-14 0.9 1.5 80 1.3 5.4 0.001 0.005 3.2 0.7 1 0.1 1575 0.05
Cortez Hills CH-18 0.2 0.1 10 0.7 1.3 0.001 0.005 0.13 0.1 <1 0.1 116 0.025
Cortez Hills CH-1R 1.4 1.4 130 2 4 0.001 0.01 0.35 0.9 1 0.2 1335 0.09
Cortez Hills CH-26 4 8.9 210 3 30 0.001 0.005 0.29 2.4 1 0.5 868 0.26
Cortez Hills CH-27 1.4 3.1 90 3.4 6.5 0.001 0.02 0.39 0.9 1 0.2 858 0.09
Cortez Hills CH-27 3.1 6.1 100 3.2 19.5 0.001 0.03 0.66 1.9 1 0.4 730 0.18
Cortez Hills CH-32 4.3 3.1 130 3 41.8 0.001 0.005 1.13 2.4 1 0.5 1065 0.29
Cortez Hills CH-35 3.5 4.4 120 5.2 12.8 0.005 0.005 1.19 1.9 1 0.3 904 0.21
Cortez Hills CH-42 0.8 1.7 130 0.8 3.8 0.001 0.005 0.41 0.6 1 0.1 1695 0.06
Cortez Hills CH-43.2 0.7 2.1 140 0.6 2.3 0.006 0.03 0.27 0.5 <1 0.1 1585 0.05
Cortez Hills CH-46.2 2.2 1.6 140 1.7 14.9 0.001 0.02 1.53 1.3 <1 0.2 963 0.15
Cortez Hills CH-50 0.8 1.6 70 1.3 3.9 0.001 0.07 0.21 0.6 1 0.1 1890 0.05
Cortez Hills CH-55 3.1 12.2 220 5.4 38 0.001 0.02 0.97 2.8 <1 0.5 570 0.22
Cortez Hills CH-7 2 3 110 2.1 6.8 0.001 0.005 0.36 1.1 1 0.2 1065 0.13
Cortez Hills CH-73 0.4 1.6 200 1.2 2.3 0.001 0.005 0.4 0.4 <1 0.1 1615 0.025
Cortez Hills CH-76 1.7 3.5 140 1.6 7.2 0.001 0.005 0.22 1.1 <1 0.2 1375 0.11
493
Sample Area SAMPLE_ID Th Ti Tl U V W Y Zn Zr

(ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
Arctic Canyon AC-1 0.27 0.006 0.01 0.1 1 0.1 0.8 14 3.4
Arctic Canyon AC-2 0.1 0.003 0.03 0.4 2 0.4 5.1 6 0.9
Arctic Canyon AC-3 0.31 0.016 0.09 0.4 5 0.1 2.5 3 3.3
Arctic Canyon AC-4 0.3 0.013 0.02 0.4 4 0.4 2 15 3
Arctic Canyon AC-5 2.14 0.076 0.21 4.1 220 0.9 10 151 26.7
Cortez Hills CH-12.2 1.47 0.045 0.02 0.9 8 0.8 7.5 6 15
Cortez Hills CH-14 0.82 0.018 0.08 0.7 4 0.2 5.9 9 8.8
Cortez Hills CH-18 0.09 0.003 0.02 0.2 1 0.1 0.4 2 0.9
Cortez Hills CH-1R 0.99 0.031 0.02 0.9 7 0.2 8.6 4 9.7
Cortez Hills CH-26 2.75 0.089 0.14 1.9 21 0.3 14.7 29 28.5
Cortez Hills CH-27 1.04 0.032 0.03 0.7 10 0.2 6.1 9 9.7
Cortez Hills CH-27 2.13 0.072 0.09 1.3 22 0.4 6.5 15 22.6
Cortez Hills CH-32 3.06 0.09 0.24 2.6 15 1.3 12.7 15 28.6
Cortez Hills CH-35 2.33 0.072 0.08 0.8 17 0.4 9.7 16 21.9
Cortez Hills CH-42 0.68 0.017 0.02 0.7 6 0.3 5.1 8 7.6
Cortez Hills CH-43.2 0.63 0.015 0.01 0.6 4 0.1 4.3 11 6.2
Cortez Hills CH-46.2 1.45 0.047 0.12 1 9 0.6 8.6 5 13.1
Cortez Hills CH-50 0.77 0.017 0.02 0.6 4 0.1 6.7 4 7.5
Cortez Hills CH-55 3.75 0.104 0.29 1.7 20 0.4 9.8 23 22.5
Cortez Hills CH-7 1.38 0.046 0.03 1.4 9 0.2 6.2 6 15.7
Cortez Hills CH-73 0.57 0.008 0.02 2.2 3 0.1 7.3 9 5.9
Cortez Hills CH-76 1.3 0.038 0.04 0.8 9 0.3 7 7 11.8
494
Sample Area SAMPLE_ID Ag Al As Ba Be Bi Ca Cd Ce Co Cr Cs

(ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
Cortez Hills CH-78 0.03 0.59 2.7 30 0.29 0.02 29.7 0.02 18.25 0.6 18 0.39
Cortez Pits CP-1 0.1 2.8 3.7 200 0.73 0.05 17.4 0.28 31 2.8 22 2.29
Cortez Pits CP-10 0.14 1.42 36 60 0.87 0.29 7.1 0.16 18.7 4.2 19 0.88
Cortez Pits CP-11 0.2 2.91 13.9 10 0.5 0.41 24.3 0.82 36.1 1.7 20 0.3
Cortez Pits CP-3 0.06 0.68 6.6 60 0.54 0.07 30.7 0.12 27.6 2.1 9 0.21
Cortez Pits CP-5 0.07 3.57 17.3 300 0.95 0.08 9.72 1.6 45.8 4.8 28 3.71
Cortez Pits CP-8 0.25 2.93 29.3 1520 1.15 0.11 15.05 3.05 46.6 6.1 30 2.63
HCHR HHC-1A 0.02 0.19 1.3 10 0.15 0.02 33.4 0.01 13.85 0.3 6 0.06
HCHR HHC-1B 0.02 0.27 0.9 40 0.17 0.02 32.5 0.02 10.3 0.4 5 0.13
HCHR HHC-1B2 0.02 0.26 3 30 0.16 0.05 35.3 0.04 17.8 0.6 7 0.13
HCHR HHC-1D 0.06 0.46 15.2 10 0.19 0.03 32 0.04 26.5 0.7 10 0.33
Detection
0.01 0.2 10 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.1 1 0.05
limit
495
Sample Area SAMPLE_ID Cu Fe Ga Ge Hf Hg In K La Li Mg Mn Mo

(wt.%) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm)
Cortez Hills CH-78 3.4 0.31 1.22 0.16 0.3 0.018 0.009 0.15 17.6 4.6 1.42 79 0.34
Cortez Pits CP-1 10.6 0.83 6.83 0.13 0.9 0.02 0.011 1.33 16 15.1 5.22 128 0.33
Cortez Pits CP-10 14.8 1.06 4.3 0.09 1 0.182 0.029 0.05 9.6 40.2 4.07 310 13.2
Cortez Pits CP-11 14.3 0.37 7.04 0.12 1 0.062 0.023 0.07 19.4 14.8 0.1 253 1.88
Cortez Pits CP-3 7.9 0.56 1.57 0.14 0.3 0.01 0.012 0.19 12.6 3.8 1.47 254 1.95
Cortez Pits CP-5 8.7 1.06 7.24 0.13 1.1 0.238 0.017 1.2 24.4 18 4.22 158 2.85
Cortez Pits CP-8 17.9 1.61 6.3 0.13 1.2 0.082 0.017 1.09 25.5 11.8 3.14 195 29.2
HCHR HHC-1A 3.9 0.11 0.34 0.11 0.2 0.01 0.003 0.01 15.3 2.4 1.53 53 0.13
HCHR HHC-1B 3 0.16 0.63 0.15 0.2 0.015 0.005 0.05 10.1 2 0.98 44 0.12
HCHR HHC-1B2 4.8 0.15 0.68 0.11 0.2 0.019 0.007 0.06 16.5 2 0.57 45 0.25
HCHR HHC-1D 8.9 0.27 0.96 0.12 0.4 0.162 0.005 0.08 25.7 4.7 2.11 157 0.45
Detection
0.2 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.005 0.005 0.01 0.5 0.2 0.01 5 0.05
limit
496
Sample Area SAMPLE_ID Na Nb Ni P Pb Rb Re S Sb Sc Sn Sr Ta

(wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
Cortez Hills CH-78 0.01 1.6 3.2 110 2.4 7.6 0.001 0.005 1.81 1 0.2 1280 0.11
Cortez Pits CP-1 0.03 3.9 18.5 200 2.6 53.2 0.001 0.005 1.6 4.2 0.7 267 0.27
Cortez Pits CP-10 0.01 4.2 7.4 240 6.1 2.9 0.001 0.005 94 4.3 0.7 47.8 0.28
Cortez Pits CP-11 0.005 5.1 5.9 200 8.7 4.3 0.001 0.005 22.5 4.3 1.1 162 0.35
Cortez Pits CP-3 0.08 1 4.7 100 4.2 6.3 0.003 0.18 2.4 1.4 0.2 726 0.08
Cortez Pits CP-5 0.06 4.8 44.4 280 10.7 40.9 0.001 0.01 6.24 4.2 1 123.5 0.36
Cortez Pits CP-8 0.01 4.6 33.7 300 16.9 41 0.001 0.04 10.3 3.3 0.8 284 0.36
HCHR HHC-1A 0.005 0.6 0.8 90 1.4 0.7 0.001 0.01 0.31 0.5 0.1 2040 0.025
HCHR HHC-1B 0.005 1.2 1.5 230 1.5 2.6 0.001 0.01 0.23 0.6 0.1 2650 0.05
HCHR HHC-1B2 0.005 0.9 2 1130 1.5 2.8 0.001 0.01 0.59 0.6 0.1 1820 0.06
HCHR HHC-1D 0.005 1.3 6.9 80 2 4.4 0.001 0.005 0.69 1.1 0.1 1165 0.09
Detection
0.01 0.1 0.2 10 0.5 0.1 0.002 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.05
limit
497
Sample Area SAMPLE_ID Th Ti Tl U V W Y Zn Zr

(ppm) (wt.%) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
Cortez Hills CH-78 1.16 0.034 0.04 0.8 8 0.3 9.8 13 11.2
Cortez Pits CP-1 4.44 0.14 0.48 1.4 71 0.7 13.4 39 30.4
Cortez Pits CP-10 4.14 0.129 0.31 4.4 130 32.2 7.1 42 32.6
Cortez Pits CP-11 4.48 0.161 0.05 3.9 258 27.3 16.6 54 34.7
Cortez Pits CP-3 1.41 0.033 0.24 2.6 11 0.1 23.9 7 9.4
Cortez Pits CP-5 5.67 0.172 0.97 1.8 126 7 16.6 344 35.5
Cortez Pits CP-8 6.62 0.164 0.47 2.8 198 1.3 22.7 137 41
HCHR HHC-1A 0.74 0.012 0.01 0.7 4 0.1 6.9 4 7.3
HCHR HHC-1B 0.76 0.018 0.02 0.8 5 0.2 7.2 7 9.3
HCHR HHC-1B2 0.69 0.018 0.02 1.3 7 0.4 10.3 9 10.8
HCHR HHC-1D 1.4 0.03 0.03 1.9 10 0.5 16.5 16 15.7
Detection
0.01 0.05 0.02 0.1 1 0.1 0.1 2 0.5
limit
498

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MAPPING THE CARBONATE ALTERATION FOOTPRINT OF THE CORTEZ HILLS CARLIN-TYPE

GOLD DEPOSIT, NEVADA USING CARBON-OXYGEN STABLE ISOTOPES, AND GEOCHEMISTRY

Christopher Stephen Herron

MEarthSci with B.Sc., (Honours) Geology, The University of Edinburgh, 2014

A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF

THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF

THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES

THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

©Christopher Stephen Herron, 2018

transport and alteration in the Cortez Hills plumbing system.

tial to be used as an exploration tool for Carlin systems.

an additional objective outside the initial project design.

and Cortez District Exploration.

ble for the production of geological surface maps.

duced using Leapfrog 3D Geo and data interpretation in IoGAS.

publications will be submitted based on research from this thesis.

1.2 Overview of Carlin-type deposits......................................................................................... .....3

1.4 Thesis Objectives and Structure........................................................................................... .....7

Chapter 2: Geology of the Cortez Hills Deposit.......................................................................10

2.2 Location and Setting of the Cortez Hills Deposit.................................................................. ...12

2.3 Geology of the Cortez Hills Deposit...................................................................................... ...13

2.3.1 Geological Framework and Source of Geological Understanding............................. ...13

2.3.2 Upper Plate Sedimentary Rocks................................................................................ ...17

2.3.3 Lower Plate Sedimentary Rocks................................................................................ ...17

2.3.3.1 Cambrian Hamburg Dolomite Formation (Ch).............................................. ...17

2.3.3.2 Ordovician Eureka Quartzite Formation (Oe)................................................ ...17

2.3.3.3 Ordovician Hansen Creek Formation (Ohc)................................................... ...19

2.3.3.4 Silurian Roberts Mountains Formation (Srm)................................................ ...20

2.3.3.5 Devonian Wenban Formation (Dwb)............................................................. ...21

2.3.3.6 Devonian Horse Canyon Formation (Dhc)..................................................... ...21

2.3.4 Igneous Rocks .......................................................................................................... ...22

2.3.4.1 Jurassic Mill Canyon Stock (Jmc)................................................................... ...22

2.3.4.3 Eocene Caetano Caldera Volcanics (Tvf, Tff, Tvc)........................................... ...23

2.3.5 Eocene Pediment Sediments.................................................................................... ...24

2.3.6 Structural History of the Cortez Hills Deposit........................................................... ...25

2.3.6.1 Compressional Tectonic Regime.................................................................... ...25

2.3.6.2 Extensional Tectonic Regime......................................................................... ...25

2.3.7 Mineralization and Alteration of the Cortez Hills Deposit........................................ ...26

2.3.7.1 Bi-Te and Ag Mineralization.......................................................................... ...28

2.3.7.2 Cortez Hills Breccia Zone............................................................................... ...29

2.3.7.3 Cortez Hills Middle and Lower Zone.............................................................. ...29

2.3.7.4 Breccia Types at Cortez Hills.......................................................................... ...30

2.3.7.5 Alteration at Cortez Hills............................................................................... ...30

2.3.7.6 Gold Mineralization and Timing of Deposition.............................................. ...33

3.1.1 Microstructure Terminology..................................................................................... ...36

3.1.2 Study Objectives....................................................................................................... ...38

3.2 Methodology........................................................................................................................ ...38

3.2.1 Sampling Strategy..................................................................................................... ...38

3.2.2 Ultra-Violet Fluorescence......................................................................................... ...40

3.2.3 Cold Cathode-Luminescence Petrography................................................................ ...40

3.2.4 Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis....................................................................... ...40

3.2.5 13C and 18O Isotope Analysis...................................................................................... ...41

3.3 Results.................................................................................................................................. ...41

3.3.1 Timing and Nature of Veins at Cortez Hills ............................................................... ...41

3.3.1.1 Early Veins and Stylolites (S1)....................................................................... ...45

3.3.1.2 V1 stage veins................................................................................................ ...45

3.3.1.3 Contact Metamorphism................................................................................ ...48

3.3.1.4 Late Stylolites (S2) ........................................................................................ ...50

3.3.1.6 V3 stage veins................................................................................................ ...55