Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 51 views

    2050A Solution 3

    Uploaded by

    Samuel Alfonzo Gil Barco
    This document contains solutions to exercises from a mathematical analysis course. It provides solutions to 3 exercises: 1) It proves that the sequence {bn} where liman = 0 converges to 0 without using a specific theorem. 2) It shows that if a sequence {xn} of positive numbers satisfies lim xn1/n = L < 1, then there exists 0 < r < 1 such that xn < r for all large n, and hence lim xn = 0. 3) It proves that the sequence defined by x1 = 8 and xn+1 = 1/2xn + 2 is bounded and monotone, and finds its limit.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    2050A Solution 3

    Uploaded by

    Samuel Alfonzo Gil Barco
    51 views2 pages
    This document contains solutions to exercises from a mathematical analysis course. It provides solutions to 3 exercises: 1) It proves that the sequence {bn} where liman = 0 converges to 0 without using a specific theorem. 2) It shows that if a sequence {xn} of positive numbers satisfies lim xn1/n = L < 1, then there exists 0 < r < 1 such that xn < r for all large n, and hence lim xn = 0. 3) It proves that the sequence defined by x1 = 8 and xn+1 = 1/2xn + 2 is bounded and monotone, and finds its limit.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document contains solutions to exercises from a mathematical analysis course. It provides solutions to 3 exercises: 1) It proves that the sequence {bn} where liman = 0 converges to 0 without using a specific theorem. 2) It shows that if a sequence {xn} of positive numbers satisfies lim xn1/n = L < 1, then there exists 0 < r < 1 such that xn < r for all large n, and hence lim xn = 0. 3) It proves that the sequence defined by x1 = 8 and xn+1 = 1/2xn + 2 is bounded and monotone, and finds its limit.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    51 views2 pages

    2050A Solution 3

    Uploaded by

    Samuel Alfonzo Gil Barco
    This document contains solutions to exercises from a mathematical analysis course. It provides solutions to 3 exercises: 1) It proves that the sequence {bn} where liman = 0 converges to 0 without using a specific theorem. 2) It shows that if a sequence {xn} of positive numbers satisfies lim xn1/n = L < 1, then there exists 0 < r < 1 such that xn < r for all large n, and hence lim xn = 0. 3) It proves that the sequence defined by x1 = 8 and xn+1 = 1/2xn + 2 is bounded and monotone, and finds its limit.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 2

    MATH2050a Mathematical Analysis I

    Oct 2018

    Exercise 3 suggested Solution


    7. If {bn }is a bounded sequence and liman = 0. Show that liman bn = 0.
    Explain why Theorem 3.2.3 cannot be used.
    Solution:
    Suppose that the sequence {bn }is bounded, and liman = 0. Now let |bn | <
    M , for some M > 0. And for each  > 0, there exists n ∈ N , ∀n > n ,
    1
    |an − 0| < M . So, when n > n , we have
    |an bn − 0| < M |an | < M M1  =  Therefore, liman bn = 0.
    1/n
    20. Let {xn }be a sequence of positive real numbers such that limxn = L.
    n
    Show that there exists a number r with 0 < r < 1 such that 0 < xn < r for all
    sufficiently large n ∈ N . Use this to show that limxn = 0.
    Solution:
    Since L < 1, there exists 0 > 0, such that L + 0 < 1.Put r = L + 0 , then
    0 < r < 1.
    1/n
    Since limxn = L, for the above 0 > 0, for all sufficiently large n ∈ N , we
    have
    1/n
    xn < L + 0
    1/n
    Hence, xn < r, which implies that 0 ≤ xn < rn . Since 0 < r < 1, limrn = 0,
    So limxn = 0.
    1. Let x1 := 8 and xn+1 := 12 xn + 2 for n ∈ N . Show that {xn } is bounded and
    monotone. Find the limit.
    Solution:

    1
    Since xn+1 = 12 xn +2, change the form, we have xn+1 −4 = 12 ×(xn −4).Define
    yn = xn − 4, then
    y1 := 4 and yn+1 = 12 yn
    Hence, the sequence {yn } is a geometric sequence. yn = y1 ( 12 )n−1 = 4( 12 )n−1 .
    So xn − 4 = 4( 12 )n−1 . Obviously, ∀n ∈ N , 0 < xn − 4 < 4, {xn } is bounded.
    The monotonicity of {xn } is obtained from the expression : xn = 4 + 4( 21 )n−1 .
    Since lim( 12 )n−1 = 0, we have limxn = 4.
    11.Let xn := 1/12 + 1/22 + 1/32 + ... + 1/n2 for each n ∈ N . Prove that
    {xn } is increasing and bounded, and hence converges. [Hint: Note that if
    k≥ 2, then1/k2 ≤ 1/k(k − 1) = 1/(k − 1) − 1/k.]
    Solution:
    Since xn := 1/12 + 1/22 + 1/32 + ... + 1/n2 , by replacing n=n+1, we obtain
    xn+1 := 1/12 +1/22 +1/32 +...+1/n2 +1/(n+1)2 , so xn+1 −xn = 1/(n+1)2 > 0.
    Therefore, {xn } is increasing.
    since 1/k 2 ≤ 1/k(k − 1) = 1/(k − 1) − 1/k, we have
    xn = 1/12 + 1/22 + 1/32 + ... + 1/n2
    ≤ 1 + 1/1 × 2 + 1/2 × 3 + ... + 1/(n − 1) × n
    = 1 + 1 − 1/2 + 1/2 − 1/3 + ... + 1/(n − 1) − 1/n
    = 1 + 1 − 1/n
    <2
    Since 0 < xn < 2, {xn } is bounded. If a sequence monotone and bounded,
    then it converges. Therefore, {xn } converges.

    You might also like