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Mathematics
Quarter 2 Week 1
Direct and Direct Square
Variations

Variations

SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS (SleM)

Michael Allan V. Pateño

Elpidio G. Tamani, Jr.
Authors
HOW TO USE THE SLEM

Before you start answering the SLeM, I want you to set aside other tasks that
will disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to
successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of this
SLeM.
2. Write on your notebook or any writing pad the concepts about the lessons. Keep
in mind that writing develops and enhances learning.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the SLeM.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE SLEM

• Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the SLeM.
• Pre-Test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.
• Looking Back to Your Lesson - This section will measure what learnings and
skills you were able to acquire from the previous lesson.
• Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
• Activities – These are activities designed to develop critical thinking and other
competencies. This can be done with or without a partner depending on the
nature of the activity.
• Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.
• Checking Your Understanding - It will verify what you have learned from the
lesson.

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This SleM is composed of two (2) lessons namely:

• Lesson 1 – Direct Variations

• Lesson 2 – Direct Square Variations
Competencies:
a. Illustrate situations that involve direct and direct square variations (M9AL-Ila-1).
b. Translate into variation statements the relationship between two quantities given
by: (a) table of values; (b) a mathematical equation; (c) a graph, and vice versa
(M9AL-Ila-b-1).
c. Solve problems involving variation (M9AL-Ilb-c-1).
Expectations
This SleM is designed so that you will have a better understanding of the concepts of
quadratic equation. Specifically, you are expected to:
1. define the concept of direct and direct variations;
2. write mathematical representation of direct linear and direct square variations;
3. determine the constant of proportionality; and
4. solve problems involving direct and direct square variations.
Pre- Test
Read, analyze, and solve each item below. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. The cost c varies directly as the number n of pencils is written as _____.
𝑘 𝑘
a. c = kn b. k = cn c. 𝑛 = d. 𝑐 =
𝑐 𝑛
2. How does the circumference of a circle vary to its diameter?
a. directly b. inversely c. jointly d. indirectly
3. Which is an example of a direct square variation?
2 2
a. xy = 10 b. 𝑦 = c. y = 5x2 d. =𝑥
𝑥2 𝑦
4. A car travels a distance of d km in t hours. The formula that relates d to t is d = kt. What
kind of variation is it?
a. inverse b. joint c. direct d. combined
5. If y varies directly as x and y = 32 when x = 4. Find the constant of variation.
a. 18 b. 8 c. 28 d. 38
6. Which of the following describes a direct square variation?
x 2 4 6 8 x 40 30 20 10
a. y 4 16 36 64 c. y 8 6 4 2
x 1 2 3 4 x 4 8 10 12
b. y 5 10 15 20 d. y 2 4 5 6
7. What happens to T when h is doubled in the equation T = 4h?
a. T is halved b. T is tripled c. T is doubled d. T becomes zero
8. If y varies directly as the square of x, such that when x = 3, y = 8. Find y when x = 18.
a. 124 b. 168 c. 184 d. 288
9. Consider the table below. What type of variation represents the relationship of x and y?
x 1 2 3 4
y 3 12 27 48
a. joint b. direct c. inverse d. direct square
10. Mackee’s income varies directly as the number of days that she works. If she earns Php
8000.00 in 20 days, how much will she earn if she works 3 times as long?
a. Php 26000 b. Php 24000 c. Php 20000 d. Php 16000

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Lesson 1: DIRECT VARIATIONS
Looking Back
A. Express the following as ratio.
a. 100 cm to 1000 cm 4. 2.4 cm to 40 mm
b. 40 mins to 60 mins 5. 10 km to 8 km
c. 20 cm to 3 m

B. Match the verbal phrase with the mathematical phrase.

1. a number a subtracted from 8. a. 2(3 + x)
2. twice the product of 3 and x. b. 3a – 1
3. thrice the number decreased by 1. c. 8–a
4. one added to 9 times a number. d. 2(3x)
5. twice the sum of 3 and x. e. 9x + 1
Brief Introduction
One of the most important and useful ideas in mathematics is that two variables may
be related to each other in such a way that, if one quantity increases or decreases, the other
quantity also increases or decreases in a definite way. This idea is called variation.
If two variables change such that the ratio of one over the corresponding value of the
other is constant, then the relation between these two variables is called direct variation. In
symbols, if y varies directly as x and k is the nonzero constant of direct linear variations, then
y = kx.
This SLeM discusses the concept of variations, their definitions, simple calculations
and applications.

ACTIVITIES
Illustrative Examples:
A. Using k as the constant of variation, express the following equations of variation.

1. The variable a varies directly as b. Ans. a = kb

2. The circumference C varies directly as the diameter d. Ans. C = kd

B. Determine if each table represents a direct linear variation or direct square variation. Give
the constant of variation.
1. x 1 2 3 4
y 5 10 15 20

Sol. Each ordered pair has a common quotient of 5. Direct Linear Variation
2. x 3 4 5 6
y 36 64 100 144

Sol. The quotient of y over x2 is 4. Direct Square Variation

C. Do as indicated.
1. Lovely works as an assistant librarian in college library where she earns fifty pesos per
hour.
a. If x is the number of hours and y is the amount earned by Lovely, prepare a table
showing her earnings for her first eight hours of work.
b. Write the equation that describes the relationship between the number of hours
she worked and the amount of her earnings.
c. Draw the graph of variation.

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Solution:
a. Let x be the number of hours and y the amount of wages earned in pesos.

x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
y 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

𝑦
b. From the definition of a direct variation, y = kx or 𝑘 = , and using a pair of values in
𝑥
the table,
50
𝑘= ; y = 50x
1

c. Let y – axis represents the amount of wages earned and the x – axis is the number of
hours.
Notice that the graph of direct variation is a line that passes through the origin.

450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0 2 4 6 8 10

2. If y varies directly as x, and y = 24 when x = 6, find y when x = 15.

Sol. y = kx,
24 = k (6) Substitute the values.
4=k Constant of variation
y = 4x Equation of variation
y = 4 (15) Substitute 15 for x.
y = 60 Solve for y.
3. If 2 kilos of tomatoes costs Php 60.00, what is the cost of 10 kilos of tomatoes?
Sol. “The cost y varies directly with the number x of kilos purchased”.
y = kx Equation of variation
60 = k (2) Two kilos cost Php 60.00
30 = k Divide both sides by 2.

The constant of variation is 30. Note that this is the unit price of a kilo of tomatoes.
y = 30x
y = 30 (10) Find y when x = 10
y = 300

The cost of 10 kilos of tomatoes is Php 300.00.

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ACTIVITY
Riddle:
“I AM AN ODD NUMBER, TAKE AWAY TWO LETTERS AND I AM EVEN”
Answer:
___1__ __2___ __3___ ___4___ __5___ ___6___

Direction: Solve for k in each item below. Use the decoder to reveal the answer from the
riddle.
“If a varies directly as b”
1. a = 4; b = 5 4. a = 70; b=5
2. a = 10; b = 4 5. a = 20; b=4
3. a = 8; b = ½ 6. a = 15 b = 10
Decoder:
L I F E
5/2 8 10 4/5
U V I S
¼ 14 1/3 6
E W O Y
5 1 36 3
O T E N
2 12 16 3/2

REMEMBER ME
Direct Variation
The value of y varies directly as x, if there exists a non - zero constant k such that
𝑦
y = kx or equivalent , = 𝑘
𝑥
The constant k is called the constant of variation.

CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

A. Express each of the following by means of equation where k represents the constant of
variation.
1. a varies directly as b.
2. The discount d in a store is directly proportional to the prize p of the item.

B. Answer the following.

1. If y varies directly as x, and y = 40 when x = 16, find y when x = 30.
2. The perimeter of a regular pentagon varies as its side so that when the length of the
side is 6 cm, the perimeter is 30 cm, find the perimeter if the length of a side is 7 cm.
3. The total cost of gasoline varies directly as the amount of gasoline bought. How much
will 20 liters of unleaded gasoline be if 3 liters cost Php 156.75?

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LESSON 2: DIRECT SQUARE VARIATIONS
Looking Back
A. Translate the following into mathematical phrases.
1. The sum of a and b
2. The area A of a triangle is equal to half of the product of its base b and its height h.
B. Which of the following illustrates direct variation?
1. The number and its reciprocal
2. The total price and the number of kilos
3. The temperature in Celsius and in Fahrenheit
4. The height of a cylinder to its radius.
5. Circumference of the circle to its radius
Brief Introduction
There are many situations where one variable varies directly as the square of the other.
For example, the area of a square varies as the square of its side or distance of falling body
is directly proportional to the square of the time travelled. These situations are examples of
direct square variations.
𝑦
If y varies directly as the square of x, then y = kx 2 and the constant 𝑘 = 2 .
𝑥
Illustrative Examples:
A. Write the equation that describes the variation between the given variables.
1. P varies directly as the square of Q.
2. The area A of a square varies directly as the square of its side s.
Solutions:
𝑃
1. P = Kq2 or 𝑘 = 2
𝑄
2 𝐴
2. A = ks or 𝑘 =
𝑠2
B. Answer the following.
1. Use the given table below. If “y varies directly as the square of x”. Answer the following
questions that follow.
x 2 4 6 8
y 16 64 144 256
a. Determine the constant of variation.
b. Find the equation that relates the variable.
c. Draw the graph.
Solution:
𝑦
a. From the definition of direct square variation, 𝑦 = 𝑘 𝑥2 or 𝑘 = 2, and by using any of
𝑥
the pairs of values in the table.
16 16
𝑘= 2= = 4; k = 4
2 4

b. Since we already solved the value of k in a, substitute to the given equation.

y = 4x2
c. The graph of the given table.
Y-Values
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0 2 4 6 8 10

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 2. If y varies directly as the square of x and y = 27 when x = 3, find y when x = 7.
Solution:
Let y = kx2, solving for k:
27 27
𝑘= 2= =3
3 9
If x = 7, then y = 3(72) = 3(49) = 147

3. The price P of a diamond varies directly as the square of its weight w. P is Php 4,500
when w is 1.5 grams. Find P when w is 3.5 grams.
Solution:
𝑃 𝑃ℎ𝑝 4500
P = kw2 or 𝑘 = 2 = 2 = 𝑃ℎ𝑝 2000
𝑤 (1.5)
P = Php 2000(3.52) = Php 24,500

Activity
“ANO ANG PABORITONG MOVIE NG BAKA?”

______ ______ ______ - ______ ______ ______

1 5 5 2 3 4

Direction: Match column A to column B to reveal the answer to the riddle above. Find the value
of k in each number.

Column A Column B
2
1. a varies as the b , a = 32 N. 4
when b = 8
2. M varies as N2, M = 12 L. 4/3
when N = 3.
3. J varies as L2, J = 20 O. 10
when L = 2
4. p is proportional to q2, p M. ½
= 100 when q = 5
5. u is proportional to v2, u A. 5
= 40 when v = 2

Remember Me
Let x and y denote two quantities.
“y varies directly as the square of x”, if there is a nonzero number k such that:
y = kx2
The constant of variation is k.

Checking Your Understanding

A. Fill in the blank with the correct term/phrase/quantity.
1. The equation y = kx defines a/an ________________ variations.
2. The equation y = kx2 defines a/an _____________________ variations.
3. In y = kx, k is the ___________________.
B. Do as indicated.
1. If y varies directly as the square of x, then y = 48 when x = 4, find y when x = 2.
2. If y varies directly as the square of x, then y = 8 when x = 4, find y when x = 7.
3. The area (A) of square varies directly as the square of a side. If A = 25 when s = 5,
find A when s = 8. What is the value of s if A = 225?

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References
• Oronce, O and Mendoza M (2011). E – Math II Intermediate Algebra (Revised Edition).
Rex Bookstore, Inc., Manila, Philippines
• Dilao, S., et al. (2005). Algebra II Functional Approach. Vibal Publishing House, Inc.,
Quezon City, Philippines
• Nivera, G and Lapinid, M (2015). Grade 9 Mathematics Pattern and Practicalities. Don
Bosco Press. Makati City, Philippines
• Argel, A., and Angeles, A. (2019). Mathematics for Grade 9 A Spiral Approach
Explanations, Examples, Exercises. Educational Resources Corporation, Quezon
City, Philippines

Web Sources

• https://www.anderson5.net/cms/lib02/SC01001931/Centricity/Domain/2147/Direct%2
0Variation%20Worksheets.pdf

• https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/direct-variation-algebra.html

Clarita T. Sebuala, Master Teacher I Mary Jane D. Cerdeña, Teacher II

Content Evaluator Format Evaluator

Elpidio G. Tamani Jr., Master Teacher I Mary Joy E. Guevarra, Teacher II

Content Evaluator Language Editor

Donny P. Almirol, Teacher III

Content Evaluator