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Contents
• VoWifi Nodes
• Role of ePDG , AAA & UE
• Role of PGW , HSS , IMS , PCRF for VoWifi
• KPI & Performance of VoWifi
• Measure User Experience of VoWifi

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Introduction
IPSEC Tunnel
New Nodes
• ePDG
• 3GPP AAA
Untrusted WLAN • VoWifi capable UE
(e.g. Home Wifi )
SWu Re-Use
Existing Nodes
AAA
SWm
ePDG
• PGW
• HSS
SWx S2b • PCRF
HSS • TAS & IMS Core
PCRF
MME
CSCF
SBC & TAS
SGW PGw
P-CSCF
MRF
EnodeB
EPC IMS
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 Role of UE - Untrusted WLAN

SECTION Internet

1
Untrusted WLAN
(e.g. Home Wifi )

User AAA ePDG

Equipment
Role of
UE EPC IMS
4G PACO

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UE Basics & Main Functions
UE Capabilities
• USIM / ISIM
Untrusted WLAN • Hardware -Software Version for
SWu
(e.g. Home Wifi ) VoWifi Support
• Operator based Binary Profile ,
SWm
AAA ePDG Authentication & Security

SWx
S2b
HSS
PCRF
MME
CSCF
SBC & TAS
SGW PGw
P-CSCF
MRF
EnodeB
EPC IMS
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UE Basics & Main Functions
UE Tasks (Technical)
• Latching to Wifi Network
• Discovering the ePDG using DNS
Untrusted WLAN • Establishing of IPSEC tunnel to ePDG
SWu
(e.g. Home Wifi )
• Get P-CSCF Details from Network
SWm • Performing SIP registration
AAA ePDG • Makes or receiving call via IMS/TAS
SWx
S2b
HSS
PCRF
MME
CSCF
SBC & TAS
SGW PGw
P-CSCF
MRF
EnodeB
EPC IMS
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UE Basics & Main Functions
Key Decisions taken by UE
Default VoWifi Call (Y/N) ?

VoLTE to VoWifi & Vice Versa Handover Allowed (Y/N)?

VoLTE / VoWifi thresholds - Wifi Signal , LTE Signal , Jitter / Packet loss /
Packet Delay on Wifi Network
Timers : Guard Timer xx Sec to avoid Ping pong between VoWifi and VoLTE

Carrier Encryption Algorithm & Key Life time

bundle APN Details, ePDG Address etc..

In Handset

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 Role of ePDG - Untrusted WLAN
SECTION

2
Untrusted WLAN
(e.g. Home Wifi )

ePDG AAA

Role of
ePDG EPC IMS
4G PACO

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ePDG Overview & 3GPP Specs

ePDG Overview

• Specs : TS 23.402

• Connect UE to EPC

• Act as Gateway

• Terminates IPSEC Tunnel

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 3GPP TS 23.402
ePDG Basics – Main Functions ePDG Tasks - AAA Side
• Authentication & Authorization with AAA
• Retrieves PGW address from AAA to facilitate
VoLTE to VoWifi Handovers
ePDG Tasks - PGW Side
Untrusted WLAN • Landing point for traffic from Internet
SWu IPSEC Sessions
(e.g. Home Wifi ) • IPSec/IKEv2 security & encryption
• Transit Path to Mobile Core PGW
SWm • Facilitates PGW Selection
AAA ePDG
• QoS mapping (DSCP Marking)
SWx • Lawful Interception.
S2b Bearers
HSS
PCRF
MME
CSCF
SBC & TAS
SGW PGw
P-CSCF
MRF
EnodeB
EPC IMS
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 3GPP TS 23.402
ePDG Basics – Considerations

Considerations for ePDG

• Security & Privacy
Untrusted WLAN
SWu • Service Parity
(e.g. Home Wifi )
• Integration
SWm • Network Integration & Deployment
AAA ePDG

SWx
S2b
HSS
PCRF
MME
CSCF
SBC & TAS
SGW PGw
P-CSCF
MRF
EnodeB
EPC IMS
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Up Next ..

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 3GPP TS 23.402
ePDG Basics – Performance & KPIs
ePDG KPIs & Performance
• Session & Bearer Related KPIs
Untrusted WLAN
• Authentication & Authorization
(e.g. Home Wifi )
SWu KPIs
• IPSEC Related KPIs
SWm
AAA ePDG • Service Continuity KPIs
SWx
• Volumetric KPIs , Capacity & Utilz
S2b
HSS
PCRF
MME
CSCF
SBC & TAS
SGW PGw
P-CSCF
MRF
EnodeB
EPC IMS
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 Role of AAA - Untrusted WLAN
SECTION

3
Untrusted WLAN
(e.g. Home Wifi )

ePDG AAA
Role of
AAA EPC IMS
4G PACO

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 3GPP TS 29.273
AAA Basics – Main Functions
• Authentication of User using EAP-AKA
• Retrieves authentication information
from HSS & Communicate
Untrusted WLAN Authentication information back to
SWu
(e.g. Home Wifi ) ePDG
• Register itself in HSS for every
AAA authenticated and authorized user
ePDG • Purge the User if Required as per
SWx Lifecycle or Profile changes
S2b
HSS
PCRF
MME
CSCF
SBC & TAS
SGW PGw
P-CSCF
MRF
EnodeB
EPC IMS
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Up Next ..

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 3GPP TS 29.273
AAA Basics – KPI & Performance
• Authentication & Authorization
performance : Success Rates on SWm
, SWx & S6b interfaces such as AAR
Untrusted WLAN
SWu SR , EAP SR , MAR SR , RAR SR , STR SR
(e.g. Home Wifi )
etc..
• Volumetric KPIs : Failed Vs
AAA
ePDG
Authenticated Users , Concurrent
SWx Session , TPS
S2b
HSS
PCRF
MME
CSCF
SBC & TAS
SGW PGw
P-CSCF
MRF
EnodeB
EPC IMS
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 Role of PGW , HSS , IMS , PCRF
SECTION Re-Use
Existing Nodes

4
Untrusted WLAN
(e.g. Home Wifi )
SWu • PGW
• HSS
SWm • PCRF
AAA ePDG
• TAS & IMS Core
SWx S2b
Role of HSS
PCRF
PGW , HSS , MME

IMS , PCRF SGW PGw IMS

EnodeB
EPC IMS
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Role of PGW for VoWifi Adaptations in PGW for VoWifi
• VoWifi typically uses existing PGW deployed
in Network. It is used for both Payload &
Signaling traffic
• Allocating IMS IP Address to user & Create
Untrusted WLAN
(e.g. Home Wifi )
SWu Bearers for SIP Signaling & VoWifi Call
• P-CSCF server address discovery
SWm • Seamless handover of Voice or Video calls
AAA ePDG
between VoLTE to VoWifi and vice versa
SWx S2b

HSS
PCRF
MME
CSCF
SBC & TAS
SGW PGw
P-CSCF
MRF
EnodeB
EPC IMS
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Role of HSS for VoWifi
Adaptations in HSS for VoWifi
• Existing VoLTE Supporting HSS will be Re-Used
in VoWifi
• Below Features needs to be supported
Untrusted WLAN • Swx interface support … Its between AAA
SWu
(e.g. Home Wifi ) & HSS
• TADS Support for VoWifi
SWm
AAA ePDG • Authentication Support for VoWifi
SWx
• Wifi RAT Type Support
S2b
• Subscription for VoWifi Service
HSS
PCRF
MME
CSCF
SBC & TAS
SGW PGw
P-CSCF
MRF
EnodeB
EPC IMS
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Role of PCRF in VoWifi Adaptations in PCRF for VoWifi
• PCRF Set up default and dedicated bearers
between the PGW and the ePDG on the S2b
interfaces for SIP and RTP traffic
• The PCRF handles Gx and Rx Protocol which is
Untrusted WLAN vital in Call Maturing and Location Tagging in
SWu
(e.g. Home Wifi )
CDRs
SWm • PCRF plays critical role in NPLI to extract the
AAA ePDG UE public IP address and port
SWx S2b

HSS
PCRF
MME
CSCF
SBC & TAS
SGW PGw
P-CSCF
MRF
EnodeB
EPC IMS
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Role of IMS in VoWifi Adaptations in IMS for VoWifi
• For IMS Network , The Wifi will come as new
RAT Type which needs to be supported
• For Example , TAS CDRs will be having Wifi as
RAT Type for VoWifi Calls .
Untrusted WLAN • The User IP & Port will be written in TAS Voice
SWu
(e.g. Home Wifi )
/ Video Call CDRs
SWm • TAS also needs to support VoWifi TADS &
AAA ePDG VoWifi Charging . ASBC Needs to support
SWx S2b VoWifi/VoLTE handover notification

HSS
PCRF
MME
CSCF
SBC & TAS
SGW PGw
P-CSCF
MRF
EnodeB
EPC IMS
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 How to Improve Quality of
SECTION VoWifi with Volumetric ,
CDRs & Analytics
5
VoWifi
Experience

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Measure VoWifi user experience
VoLTE /
VoWifi VoWifi VoWifi VoWifi
VoWifi
Per Subs Other IMS
Node KPIs Subs Data Usage Data Usage KPIs
• ePDG KPIs • Unique Users • Total Traffic • mERL per • RSR
• AAA KPIs • Total Users • Total Subs • Avg call setup
• PGW KPIs Incoming • Avg Call time
• HSS KPIs MOUs Duration • Call Setup
• IMS – TAS , • Total • BHCA Per Success Rate
SBC KPIs Outgoing Subs • RTP Loss
MOUs
• Utilization

Separate Metric for every Internet Service Provider or Wifi Provider or Broadband Provider

Key Metrics for VoWifi Customer Satisfaction + Business Metrics

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Summary

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Re-Cap - Role of UE - Untrusted WLAN
UE Capabilities for Supporting VoWifi UE Decisions in VoWifi
• USIM / ISIM • Default VoWifi Call (Y/N) ?
• Hardware –Software Version • VoLTE-VoWifi Handover Allowed
• Operator based Binary Profile , (Y/N)?
Authentication & Security • VoLTE / VoWifi thresholds on
basis of Wifi performance – Wifi
UE Tasks for VoWifi Signal , LTE Signal , Jitter / Packet
1. Latching to Wifi Network loss / Packet Delay on Wifi
2. Discovering the ePDG using DNS Network
3. Establishing of IPSEC tunnel to ePDG
4. Performing SIP registration & make call

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Re-Cap - Role of ePDG - Untrusted WLAN
ePDG Tasks - PGW Side Considerations for ePDG
• Landing point for traffic from Internet • Security & Privacy
• IPSec/IKEv2 security & encryption • Service Parity
• Transit Path to Mobile Core PGW • Integration
• Facilitates PGW Selection • Network Integration & Deployment
• QoS mapping (DSCP Marking)
• Lawful Interception.

ePDG Tasks - AAA Side

• Authentication & Authorization with AAA
• Retrieves PGW address from AAA to facilitate
VoLTE to VoWifi Handovers

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Re-Cap - Role of AAA - Untrusted WLAN
AAA Tasks
• Authentication of User using EAP-AKA & Retrieves authentication
information from HSS .. Basically EPC access authentication and
authorization on SWm & SWx Interfaces
• Retrieves Subscriber profile from HSS
• Updation & Retrieval of P-GW IP Address in HSS using S6b and Swx (
Required for VoLTE & VoWifi Handovers )
• Communicate Authentication information back to ePDG
• In case Customer profile gets modified in HSS , The HSS Communicates
same to AAA & further it is enforced to UE by ePDG
• Register itself in HSS for every authenticated and authorized user
• Purge the User if Required as per Lifecycle or Profile changes
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Future Reading & References

- 3GPP TS 23.402
- Architecture enhancements for non-3GPP accesses
- Covers Complete Architecture in Detail such ePDG etc.. , important
Document for enhancing knowledge on VoWifi

- 3GPP TS 29.273
- 3GPP EPS AAA interfaces
- AAA Links , Descriptions , Format & Usage

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