Related Time Rate Answers - PDF - 1634907592

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Example (1)
All edges of a cube increases at the rate of 0.02 cm / sec , While its surface area increases at
an instant at the rate of 0.08 cm 2 / sec , Find the Length of the cube side at this instant and
Also Find the rate of increase of its volume .
Answer
Let " x " is the Length of the cube side , "S" is its surface area , "V" is its volume .
dx ds
Where  0.02 And  0.08
dt dt
ds dx
So S  6 x2    12 x
dt dt
1
 0.08  12 x  0.02  x cm .
3 x
dv 2 dx
And V  x 3
 3x
dt dt
dv 1 1
  3  0.02  cm 3 / sec .
dt 9 150
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (2)
An isosceles triangle , its height is five times the length of its base. If the length of the base
increases at the rate of 0.04 cm / sec , then find :
 a  The rate increase of its height.
 b  The rate increase of its surface area , when the length of the base is equal to 10 cm .
Answer
Let " x " is the length of its base and "h" the length of its height .
dh dx A
h5x    5
dt dt
dh
  5  0.04  0.2 cm /sec .
dt L L
1 5x
The surface area S  xh
2
ds 1 dh 1 dx
  x + h C B
dt 2 dt 2 dt 1 D 1
x x
1 1 2 2
  10  0.2 +  50  0.04
2 2
ds
  1 + 1  2 cm 2 / sec .
dt
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Calculus -1- Homework Time rates

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Example (3)
A lamina in the shape of a square the length of its side changes at the rate of 0.2 cm / sec .
calculate the rate of change of its surface area when its diagonal is equal to 8 2 cm .
Answer
dx
Let " x " is the Length of the side where  0.2 cm /sec
dt A D
 
2
x x  8 2
2 2
 2x  128  x  64  x  8 cm
2 2
x 8 2
S  x2
ds dx
  2x
dt dt
B x C
 2  8  0.2  3.2 cm 2 / sec .
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (4)
The rate of increase of a gas inside a spherical balloon is 125 cm3 / sec , find the rate of
increase of its radius and also of its surface area when its radius is 5 cm .
Answer
Let "r" is the radius and "V" is the volume and "S" is its surface area .
dv 4 dv dr
 125 And V  r3    4  r2
dt 3 dt dt
2 dr dr 5
When r  5   125  4   5    cm / sec .
dt dt 4
ds dr 5
Also S  4  r2   8 r  8  5  50 cm 2 / sec .
dt dt 4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Example (5)
A ladder of length 2.5 metres rests against a vertical wall with its upper end and rests on the
ground with its lower end . Its upper end slides away from the ground at the rate of 0.6 m /sec
at what rate the ladder end moves on the ground when it is at a distance of 1.5 m from the wall .
Answer
dx dy
 0.6 m / sec &  ?? when y  1.5 m
dt dt A
x2  y 2   2.5      1
2
2.5
dx dy dx dy
Then 2 x  2 y  0  x  y  0 x
dt dt dt dt
when y  1.5  x   2.5   1.5  2m
2 2
C
B y
dy
at x  2m and y  1.5 m   2  0.6  1.5 0
dt
dy dy
 1.5  -1.2    -0.8 m / sec .
dt dt
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (6)
A Vessel in the shape of a cylinder, the radius of its base is 25 cm , and its height is 120 cm .
5000
oil is poured into it at a rate of cm3 / sec . where L is the height of the oil at any
L4
instant. Find the rate at which the level of the oil is rising in the vessel when the oil reaches
1
the height of the vessel .
2
Answer
Let V is the volume of the oil and L is its height in the vessel .
V    25  L because r will not change
2
dV dL dV 5000
  625  , But  120
dt dt dt L4
5000 dL dL 5000 L
  625   
L4 dt dt  L  4  625 25
dL 8 120
  where L   60
dt  L  4   2
dL 1
  cm / sec .
dt 8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Example (7)
A man of height 2 metres walks with a velocity 10 cm / sec towards a light pole with a lamp
hanged at its top and of a height 3.2 m, find the rate of change of the length of the man's
shadow on the ground .
Answer
Let " x " is the distance between the man and the pole , and " y " is the length of his shadow .
y 2

yx 3.2
 2 y  2x  3.2 y   2x  1.2 y
dx dy
 x  0.6 y    0.6
dt dt
dy dy 50
 -10  0.6   - m / sec .
dt dt 3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (8)
A boy holds in his hand a string of a kite which is at a height of 30 metres . If the wind
moves the kite horizontally at the rate of 25 m / sec , Find the velocity given to the string
by the boy When the length of the string is 50 metres .
Answer
dx dy
 25 m / sec &  ?? when y  50 m B
dt dt
y 2  x 2  900 y
when y  50 m  x  40 m . y
dy dx dy dx 30 m 30 m
 2y  2x  y x
dt dt dt dt x
dy dy A x
 50  40  25    20 m / sec .
dt dt
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Example (9)
A Man stands 50 metres far from an airplane stands on the airport . The airplane flies vertically
upwards at the rate of 65 m / sec . , Find the rate at which the airplane is far away from the
man , W hen it becomes on a height of 120 metres .
Answer
Let x is the distance between the man and the airplane , y is the height of the airplane .
 x 2  y 2  2500
 y  120  x  130 
dx dy
2x  2y
dt dt
dx
 130  120  65
dt
dx
  Rate of change of AB   60 m / sec .
dt
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (10)
An isosceles triangle ,The Length of its base is 40 cm ,If each of its equal sides increases at
1
the rate of 3 cm / hr . , Then Find the rate of increase of its surface area at the instant
5
When the length of each side is equal to the length of its base .
Answer
Let " y" is th Length of the height and " x " is the Length of each side .
dx
We want to find at x  40 cm
dt
x
x 2  y 2   20 
2
y
when x  40  y  1600  400  1200
2
 y  20 3
dx dy dx dy
2x 2y  x y 20 20
dt dt dt dt
1 dy dy 40cm
 40  3  20 3   0.4 cm / hr .
5 dt dt
1
Area   40 y  20 y
2
dA dy dA
  20    20  0.4  8 cm 2 / hr .
dt dt dt
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Example (11)
A Point  x , y  moves along the curve xy  x + y + 7 . Determine the position of the point
dx dy
on the curve at the instant When  2 , And  -1
dt dt
Answer
xy  x  y  7
dy dx dx dy
x y  
dt dt dt dt
  x  2 y  2 1
 x  2 y 1
By substitution
 y  2 y  1   2 y  1  y 7
 y 2  2 y 3  0
y  3  y  1   0
 y 3  x 5 , y  1  x  3
 The required points are  5 ,3   3 , 1 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (12)
If the tangent to the curve y = x  2x  x at point A  -1,0  touches once more the curve at
4 2
another point B , find the equation of the normal to the curve at B

Another
The point of tangency  -1,0  :
 a ,b 
B
The slope of the tangent to the curve occurs at point A :  -1,0 
dy  dy  A
 4x 3  4x  1  at  -1,0  :    4  -1  4  -1  1  -1
3
dx  dx  -1 , 0 
The tangent touches the curve in another point B , So let point B  a ,b 
 b  a 4  2a 2  a    1
dy dy
 4x 3  4x  1   At B  a ,b  :  4a 3  4a  1
dx dx
And the slope of the tangent at A is equal to that at B .
 4a 3  4a  1  -1  4a 3  4a  0   4a    a 2  1  0  a 2  1   a   1
Then substitute in 1 : at a  1   b  -2 And at a  -1   b  0
Then the point of tangency at point B is  1,-2  and the slope of its Normal is 1
The equation of the normal passing through B is : y  2   x  1  y  x  3  0
Example (13)
Find the two equations of the two tangents to the curve y 2  8x which passes through  -2 ,0 
and prove that the two tangents are perpendicular .
Answer
 -2 ,0   curve , so let the point of tangency between the tangent and the curve be  x1 , y1 
So the equation of the first tangent with the curve :
So to get y1 at x1 : y12  8x1     1
 x1 , y1 
dy  dy 4
and the slope of the tangent on the curve : 2 y  8   
dx dx y
at  x1 , y1  
dy 4

 -2,0 
dx y1
y2  y1 y
But the slope of the tangent line passing through (-2,0) &  x1 , y1  is : m   1
x2  x1 x1  2
y1 4
So , both slopes are equal , then :   y12  4x1  8     2 
x1  2 y1
Substitue  2  in 1 : 8x1  4x1  8 

 4x1  8  x1  2
 Substitute in  2  : y12  16 

 y1   4
Then the two points of tangency are :  2,4  and  2,-4 
dy 4 4
at point  2,4  :   1
dx y 4
 equation of the first tangent : y  4=1 x  2   y  x24 y x2
dy 4 4
at point  2,4  :    -1
dx y -4
 equation of the first tangent : y  4  -1  x  2   y  -x  2  4  y  -x  2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Example (14)
x3
Find the equation of the normal to the curve F  x   at x  -2 , then find the equation of the
x
tangent at the other point at which the tangent to the curve is parallel to the tangent at the given
point
Answer
x 3
 x  x x0
2
2x x 0
f  x   3  f '  x  
 x  - x2 x  0 -2 x x  0
 - x
1
So at x1  -2 : y1  - 4 and then the slope is f '  -2   -2  -2   4  The Slope of normal is -
4
-1 -1 9
Then the equation of normal to the curve is : y  4   x  2   y  x 
4 4 2
Then the equation : 4 y  x  18  0
the two tangents have the same slope , Then F'  x   4
So to get the other point : 2x  4  x1  2  f  2   y1   2   4
2
Then the equation of tangent to the curve is : y  4  4  x  2   y  4x  4

Then the equation : y  4x  4  0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (15)
Find the equation of the tangent to the curve x 2  y 2  50 which makes an isosceles triangle
with the two axes in the first quadrant.
Answer B
MA  MB   m   MAB   45 o
45o
Then the slope of the tangent AB with x  axis is Tan 135 o  -1 C

For the curve x 2  y 2  50:
o
dy dy 45 135
o
The slope of its tangent : 2x  2y  0   2   x  y  0

dx dx M A x  axis
dy -x -x
Then  and Tan   -1  Then  -1
dx y y
Then x  y  Substitute in the original curve :
x 2  x 2  50  x 2  25  x  5 Or x  -5 refused
So at x  5  y  5  The points of tangency are  5 , 5 
The equation of the tangent here is y  5  -1  x  5   y  x  10  0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Example (16)
If the circle : x 2  y 2  4x  6 y  0 intesects the x  axis at A , and the y  axis at B ,
otherwise at origin , Prove that the tangent to the circle at A is parallel to the tangent
at B and then find the equation of each .
Answer
To get the equation of tangent at A : we have to find the points of tangency first:
To get the first tangent occurs at point A :
point A is on x - axis means : put y  0 :
Then x 2  4x  0  x  x  4   0  x  0 Or x  4
Then the points of tangency at A is : O 0 ,0  and A  4 ,0 
dy dy
To get the slope of the first tangent at A : 2x  2 y  4  6 0
dx dx
dy dy dy dy 4  2x
Then 2 y  6  4  2x   2 y  6   4  2x  
dx dx dx dx 2 y  6
 dy  48 2
At A  4 ,0  :         1
 dx  4 ,0  -6 3
To get the second tangent occurs at point B :
And point B is on y - axis means : put x  0 :
Then y 2  6 y  0  y  y  6   0  y  0 Or y  6
Then the points of tangency at B is : O 0 ,0  and B  0 ,6 
dy 4  2x
To get the slope of the Second tangent at B : 
dx 2 y  6
 dy  4 2
At B  0 ,6  :        2
 dx 0 ,6  12  6 3
2
From  1 and  2  : Both tangents at A and B have the same slope
3
2
The equation of the first tangent passing through A is : y   x  4   3 y  2x  8  0
3
2
The equation of the Second tangent passing through B is : y  6  x  3 y  2x  18  0
3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Example (17)
If the tangent to the curve : y  2 y  4x  4  0 at point A  1,-2  intersects the x - axis at B
2
and the normal to this curve at A intersects the x - axis at C , find :

 i The length of BC ii The surface area of  ABC
Answer
To get the equation of tangent at A : C
B
dy dy
the slope of the tangent at A : 2 y  2  4  0   2  2
dx dx
dy dy dy dy 2 A 1,-2 
Then y   2   y  1  2  
dx dx dx dx y  1
 dy  2
At A  1,-2  :     -2
 dx 1,-2  -1
Then the equation of the tangent passing through A is : y  2  -2  x  1  y  2x  0
And point B is on the x - axis and lies on the tangent  put y  0   x  0
Then B   0 ,0 
To get the Normal on A :
dy 1 1
the slope :  And its equations is : y  2   x  1  2 y  x  5  0
dx 2 2
And point C is on the x - axis and lies on the Normal  put y  0   x  5
Then C   5 ,0 
Then the distance between BC is 5 units Or we can get it from the rule  y2  y1    x2  x1 
2 2
1
Then the area of  ABC   5  2  5 square units
2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example(18)
Find the surface area of the triangle bounded by the x - axis and the two tangents to the circle
x 2  y 2  2x  4 y  24  0 at its point of intersection with x - axis .
Answer
The curve intersects with the x - axis : then put y  0 C
Then x 2  2x  24  0   x  6  x  4   0  x  6 Or x  -4
Then the points of tangency is : 6 ,0  and  -4 ,0   -4 ,0  6 ,0 
B  A
Then AB  6   -4   10 D
dy dy dy 5
To get the slope of the tangent : 2x  2 y  2  4  0  
dx dx dx 2
5 CD 5 25
 Tan   , Then  Tan   CD  BDTan   CD  5  
2 BD 2 2
1 25 125
Then the area of  ABC   10   cm 2
2 2 2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Calculus - 11 - Homework Time rates
Example (19)
If f  x   x 2  f  x   10 and f 1  2 , then find f ' 1
3
Answer
Differentiate w. r. to x : f '  x   x 2 3  f  x   f '  x     f  x    2x   0
2 3
 
 f '  x   3 x 2  f  x   f '  x   2x  f  x    0
2 3
At x  1 :  f ' 1  3 1  f 1  f ' 1  2 1  f 1   0

2 2 3
 f '  1  3  2  f ' 1  2  2   0   f ' 1  12 f ' 1  16  0

2 3
-16
 13 f '  1  - 16   f ' 1 
13
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (20)
3d y
2
If 4x  y  25 , Then prove that : y  2   100  0
2 2
 dx 
Answer
dy dy dy -4x
by differentiating with respect to x : 8x  2 y  0  2   4x  y  0      1
dx dx dx y
2
d 2 y dy dy d 2 y  dy 
differentiate again with respect to x : 4  y 2    0  4  y 2     0    2 
dx dx dx dx  dx 
2
d 2 y  -4x  d 2 y 16 x 2
Substitute  1 in  2  : 4  y 2     0  4  y 2
 2  0  y 2 
dx  y  dx y
d2y
 4y  y 2
 16 x 2  0     3 
2 3
dx
from the original equation : 4x  y 2  25 if we multiply by 4  16 x 2  4 y 2  100     4 
2
d2y
Substitute  4  in  3  : y 3  100  0
dx 2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Example (21)
d2y 
If x  5  Sec 3 and y  1  Tan3 , then find
2
2
at  
dx 4
Answer
Note This equations are called parametric equations
dx dx dy
 2  Sec 3  3 Sec 3 Tan3     6 Sec 2 3 Tan3 and  -3 Sec 2 3
d d d
dy dy d -3 Sec 2 3 -1 d2y 3 d
     Cot 3     Cosec 2  3 
dx d dx 6 Sec 3 Tan3 2
2
dx 2
2 dx
d2y Cosec  3 
2
 
dx 2
4 Sec 2  3  Tan  3 
 3 
Cosec 2  
 d y 2
 4  2 -1
At x  :    
4 d x2  3 
4 Sec 2 
 3   4  2  -1 4
 Tan  
 4   4 
Example (22)
Find the derivative of: y  Sin  Cosec 3x 2 
Answer
 Cos  Cosec 3x 2    -Cosec 3x 2 Cot 3x 2  6 x 
dy
dx
 -6 xCosec 3x 2 Cot 3x 2 Cos  Cosec 3x 2 
dy
dx
Example (23)
Find the derivative of: y  log 5  x e x

Answer
dy x e x  e x e x  x  1 x  1
  
dx x e x ln5  x e x ln5 xln5

Example (24)
x
Find the derivative of: y 
1  ln  x  1
Answer
  -1  
1  ln  x  1    x  x x  1  x  1  ln  x  1 x
  1  ln  x  1   
dy
   x  1   x 1  x 1 x 1 x 1
1  ln  x  1  1  ln  x  1  1  ln  x  1 
2 2 2
dx
 x  1   x  1  ln  x  1  x
dy
 x 1 
 2x  1   x  1  ln  x  1
1  ln  x  1   x  1 1  ln  x  1
2 2
dx
Example (25)
3
x 4
x2  1
Find the derivative of: y 
 3x  2 
5
Answer
Note The function is complicated product and quotient , so ln both sides to simplify
3
x 4
x2  1 3
 ln y  ln   ln y  ln x 4 x 2  1  ln  3x  2 
5
 3x  2 
5
3 1
 ln y  ln x  ln  x  1  ln  3x  2    ln y  ln x  ln  x 2  1   5ln  3x  2 
4 2 2
5 3 1
4 2
y' 3  1  1  2x  5  3
Then differentiate w.r.to x :    
y 4  x  2  x 2  1  3x  2
y' 3 x 15 3 x 15 
   2    y'  y   2 
y 4x x  1 3x  2  4x x  1 3x  2 
3
xx2  1  3
4
x 15 
 y'   2 
 3x  2   4x x  1 3x  2 
5 

Example (26)
x2
 2x  5 
Find the value of: lim  
x
 2x  1 
Answer
f   1 
, so we have to fix the shape
x2 x2 x2 x2
 2x  5   2x  1  4   2x  1 4   4 
 lim    lim    lim     lim  1  
x
 2x  1  x
 2x  1  x   2x  1
 2x  1  x
 2x  1 
4
Let  y  so when x   then y  0 Draft
2x  1
x 4 y 4
   2x  1 
2 1

2 -1
2x  1 1 y
 lim  1+ y  2   lim  1+ y  y  lim  1+ y  2
y
y 0 y 0 y 0 4 2 1
 2x   1  x  
1  2
-1 y y 2

 lim  1+ y  y   lim 1+ y   e  1  e
2 2 2
y 0
  y 0
Example (27)
e 1 4x Check for yourself
Find the value of: lim
x  0 Tanx Don' t ever write this in your
Answer Exam paper
e4 x  1 4x f '  x  4 e4 x
0
f  0   ,  lim  
0 x  0 Tanx 4x g'  x  Sec 2x
e4 x  1 4x f ' 0  4e 0
 lim  lim  lne  4  4  4
4x  0 4x x  0 Tanx g'  0  Sec 2  0 
Example (28) Check for yourself

ln 1  3x 2

Find the value of: lim Don' t ever write this in your
x 0 2 x2 Exam paper
Answer
 6x 
f '  x   1+ 3x 2 
0
f 0   6x
 
4x  1+ 3x 2 
0
g'  x  4x
1 ln  1  3x 2  3 ln  1  3x 2  3
 lim  lim  f ' 0  0 f ''  x  6
2 x0 x2 2 3 x2  0 3x 2 2   
g'  0  0 g''  x  4  36 x 2
f ''  0  6 3
 
g''  0  4 2

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Calculus -1- Homework Time rates

Calculus -2- Homework Time rates

Calculus -3- Homework Time rates

Calculus -4- Homework Time rates

Calculus -5- Homework Time rates

another point B , find the equation of the normal to the curve at B

Calculus -7- Homework Time rates

Then the equation of tangent to the curve is : y  4  4  x  2   y  4x  4

Then the slope of the tangent AB with x  axis is Tan 135 o  -1 C

The slope of its tangent : 2x  2y  0   2   x  y  0

Calculus -8- Homework Time rates

Calculus -9- Homework Time rates

and the normal to this curve at A intersects the x - axis at C , find :

At x  1 :  f ' 1  3 1  f 1  f ' 1  2 1  f 1   0

 f '  1  3  2  f ' 1  2  2   0   f ' 1  12 f ' 1  16  0

Calculus - 11 - Homework Time rates

Calculus - 12 - Homework Time rates

Calculus - 13 - Homework Time rates

Example (28) Check for yourself

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