Kingdom Animalia Pactical 1

EFT1023 BIODIVERSITI
PRACTICAL TUTORIAL (10 %)

Individual Tasks
Name : ____________________________________
Matric No. : ________________________________
PRACTICAL: INTRODUCTION TO KINGDOM ANIMALIA
SBH1
SBL1
Individual Tasks
OBJECTIVES:
1. To recognize some major phylum of Kingdom Animalia and their distinguishing

characteristics.
2. To identify the characteristics of invertebrate animals in each phyla.
The largest kingdom in terms of the number of different kinds of species is Kingdom
Animalia. Animals are represented by a very diverse array of sizes, shapes and forms from
very simple to extremely complex, including the “human animal”. All animals are
multicellular heterotrophs. Most animals have cells differentiated into highly complex
tissues and organs. Whereas plants had tissue systems and relatively simple vegetative and
reproductive organs, animals have complex tissues forming organs and elaborate organ
systems. The greater specialization of cells and tissues increases the efficiency by which
animals can carry out life’s basic processes and allows for almost limitless opportunities for
evolutionary variations and adaptations to numerous kinds of habitats and environmental
conditions.
Members of the Animal Kingdom are distinguished by sharing the following major
characteristics:
1. Multicellular, eukaryotic organisms
2. Cells with no cell wall or chloroplasts and more mitochondria
3. Cells differentiated into complex tissues: epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
4. Tissues differentiated into complex organs and organ systems.
5. Heterotrophic nutrition (herbivores, carnivores, saprobes)
6. Most are much more active and have a much higher metabolism than members of any
other kingdom
7. Require free oxygen for energy production
8. Extra energy usually stored as fats & oils
9. Most are motile at some point in their life cycle
10. Reproduce both sexually and asexually, animals show a great diversity in kinds of
reproduction. some with well developed alternation of generations.
11. Most have a relatively complex developmental phase including an embryonic or a larval
stage as they progress from zygote to adult
12. Mosthavefairlyelaboratebehaviourstoenhancetheirsurvivalwithintheirhabitat
A. PHYLUM PORIFERA
Sponge is a diverse group of sometimes common types with about 5000 species known
across the world. Sponges are primarily marine, however about 150 species live in
freshwater. Sponges have cellular-level organization, meaning that their cells are
speciallized so that different cells perform different functions. Other characteristics of
sponges include a system of pores and canals through which water passes. Water
Individual Tasks
movementis driven by the beating of flagellae, which are located on specialized cells called
choanocytes. Sponges are either radially symmetrical or asymmetrical.
B. PHYLUM CNIDARIA
Mostly marine animals (Obelia sp., sea anemones, corals). A few species are freshwater
animals (Hydra sp.). Radially symmetry, diploblastic (two layers) animals with tentacles.
Special characteristic is nematocysts or stinging cells. The body wall consists of an epidermis
(outer layer), the endodermis (inner layer) and mesoglea (in between the two layers).
C. PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES
Triploblastic animal. Body flattened dorso-ventrally. Do not possess a coelom (acoelomate).

Have a distinct head and tail. Incomplete digestive systems that have only one opening.
Bilaterlly symmetrical. Hermaphrodite, complex reproductive system. Includes free living
and parasitic animals.
D. PHYLUM NEMATODES
Triploblatic animals. The epidermis secretes a tough covering if cuticle. It can be found as
free-living animals or parasites. Nematodes includes roundworms such as Ascaris sp. and
Meladogyne sp. It is the most widespread invertebrates and found almost everywhere. It
looks similar to annelids but are completely unsegmented and pseudocoelom (false
coelum).
E. ANNELIDAS
Triploblastic animals. Possess true coelom and each coelom is divided by septae between
the body segments. Each segment is called a metamer. Have a gut or intestine with a mouth
and anus, a blood vascular system and a nervous system which includes a brain and a
ventral nerve chord. An important characteristics is the presence of hair-like bristles called
chaetae. Generally hermaphrodites. 3 classes (Polychaeta, Oligochaeta and Hirudinea).
Individual Tasks
Answer all questions: (10%)
A. Specimen observations
Submit latest by Thursday, 9 Dec 11:59pm.
List five (5) structures of the animal and state

Materials/ Animal
their function
Eg.
1. Pores – Pore is a tiny hole in the sponges
Porifera body that facilitates the water, gases and
food in and out from the sponges.
Watch this video and answer the task
given. 2. Choanocytes
1. https://youtu.be/Bt7q6eFeHRk
2. https://youtu.be/m8a0oNsDEx8 3. Ostia
a) Observe the specimen of sponges in 4. Amoebocytes

the video (No.2)
b) Identify the structures and
characteristics. 5. Gemmule
Cnidarian
1.
given. 2.
1. https://youtu.be/eC5-y_oTI2Q
3.
a) Examine the specimen in the
video 4.
b) Identify the structures and
characteristics. 5.
Annelida
1.
2.
given.
1. https://youtu.be/aCnwF6vtE2g
3.
a) Examine the specimen of
4.
Pheretima
sp.
5.
b) Identify the structure and
characteristics.
Individual Tasks
B. Quiz Kingdom Animalia 1 (10%)
Answer all question. There are 20 questions.

Time : 15 minutes
Attempt: 2
The marks will only be given for the 1st Attempt answer.
You can answer the quiz stating at 12 pm – 5 pm. (6 Dec 2021)

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EFT1023 BIODIVERSITI

PRACTICAL TUTORIAL (10 %)

PRACTICAL: INTRODUCTION TO KINGDOM ANIMALIA

1. To recognize some major phylum of Kingdom Animalia and their distinguishing

Triploblastic animal. Body flattened dorso-ventrally. Do not possess a coelom (acoelomate).

Answer all questions: (10%)

List five (5) structures of the animal and state

a) Observe the specimen of sponges in 4. Amoebocytes

B. Quiz Kingdom Animalia 1 (10%)

Answer all question. There are 20 questions.

You can answer the quiz stating at 12 pm – 5 pm. (6 Dec 2021)

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