ABLAAL PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL

BIOLOGY
UNIT ONE: QUESTIONS AND ANSWER.
1. Define biology?

Biology is branch of natural science that deals with the study of living things.

2. Where the words of biology come from?

The biology is derived from two Greek words “bios” which means life and “logos” which means
knowledge

3. Define the following

a) Anatomy: the study of internal structure.
b) Physiology: the study of different types of body factions.
c) Morphology: the study of external features of an organism.
d) Cytology: the study of cells.

4. DESCRIBE
a) Entomology: the branch of zoology concerned with the study of insect.
b) Ornithology: the scientific study of birds.
c) Herpetology: the branch of zoology concerned with reptiles and amphibians.
d) Histology: the study of cells.
5. Explain branches of biology?

Branches of biology are

 Botany: is the branch of biology which deals with the study of plants.
 Zoology: is the branch of biology which deals with the study of animals.

6. State two important of biology?

 It helps us t knows ourselves better, in biology we learn what our bodies and
other living organism are made up of and this leads us to remember the
greatness of Allah
 The knowledge acquired from the study of biology can be very helpful in solving
environmental problems such as food shortage, poor health services,
pollution and environmental degradation.
7. Define cell?

Cells are the basic structural units of living things.

8. Classify unicellular and multicellular organism and give example?

Some living things consist of only single cell, these are called unicellular organism.

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Example: amoeba and bacteria.

Some of living things consist of many cells, these are called multicellular organism.

Example: mango, butterfly, elephant and human being.

9. State five characteristics of living things?

a) Cellular organization
b) Nutrition
c) Metabolism
d) Growth
e) Excretion
10. Define nutrition?

Nutrition is the process of feeding.

11. Differentiate between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition?

Autotrophic= process that green plants make and feed their own food.

Heterotrophic= process that animals feed already made food.

12. Why all living organism need food?

Because they need energy to perform different activities

13. Define metabolism?

Metabolism is the sum of the total chemical reaction that takes place in cell.

14. Differentiate between anabolism and catabolism? And give example.

Catabolism; some of those chemical reactions in which large mocules are broken into simpler
substance.

For example respiration is catabolic process.

Anabolism: those chemical reactions in which large mocules are formed from simpler substance.

For example the process of photosynthesis is anabolic process.

15. Describe growth?

Growth is a process of irreversible increase n bulk and complexity of an organism.

16. Describe excretion?

Excretion is the process of removal of metabolic waste materials from the body.

17. What are the excretory products that are removed from the body?

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Urine, sweat, and carbon-dioxide

18. define reproduction

Reproduction is the ability of all living organism to produce young ones of their kind.

19. Describe respiration?

Respiration is the process by which living things release energy from the organic food substance
and utilize this energy to perform various activities.

20. Explain gaseous exchange?

Gaseous exchange is a process whereby respiratory gases-oxygen and carbon-dioxide pass across
a respiratory surface like the lungs and gills.

21. Define locomotion?

Locomotion is movement of an organism from place to another place.

22. Why animals move?

Animals move for two main reason= in search of foods and to escape from enemies.

23. Define irritability and give example?

Irritability is the ability of living organism to detect and respond to a stimulus.

Example= if we touch something hot by mistake, we respond quickly by withdrawing our

hands.

24. Describe lifespan?

The period during which an organism completes its life cycle is called lifespan.

25. Compare and contrast between plants and animals?

NO PLANTS ANIMALS
1 Plants are generally rooted in one place and do not move on Most animals have the ability
their own. to move from one place to
another.
2 Plants contain chlorophyll Animals do not contain
chlorophyll

Chose the correct answer

1) The branch of science that deals with the study of life called

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a) Astronomy
b) Biology
c) Geology
d) Meteorology
2) The process by which cells produce energy is known as
a) Gaseous exchange
b) Respiration
c) Excretion
d) Reproduction
3) Genetics is a branch of biology that deals with the study of
a) Classification
b) Living things and their environment
c) Body faction
d) Inheritance and variation.
4) Which of the following is catabolic process?
a) Photosynthesis
b) Growth
c) Respiration
d) Irritability.
5) The branch of biology that deals with the study of insect is called.
a) Entomology
b) Ichthyology
c) Embryology
d) Ecology.

Unit two: QUENTIONS AND ANSWERS

1. Define cell?

A cell is defined as the smallest structure and functional unit of all living organism.

2. What does cell theory states about?

 All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
 Cells are the basic units of structure and function of all organisms.
 Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell.
3. When and who discovered the cell?

In 1665, Robert Hooke

4. When and who discovered the nuclear?

1831, Robert Brown.

5. When and who discovered bacteria and sperm cells?

In 1673 Anton van Leeuwenhoek.

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6. Sate the largest cell? And its size?

The largest cell is an ostrich egg which is about 170135mm

7. State the smallest cell? And its size?

Mycoplasma bacteria cell is smallest cell which is about 0.25 um in size.

8. List types of cell?

 Prokaryotic cells
 Eukaryotic cells

9. Compare prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell?

 Prokaryotic cells: are the cells that do not possess a well formed nucleus.
 Eukaryotic cells: are cells that possess a well-defined nucleus

10. Define microscope?

Microscope: instrument used for magnifying very small object.

11. State types of microscope?

 Light microscope
 Electron microscope
12. Sate parts of light microscope?
 Eyepiece
 Nosepiece
 Objective lens
 Stage clips
 Stage
 Diaphragm
 Light source
 Base
 Arm
 Condenser
 Coarse adjustment knob
 Fine adjustment knob
 Illumination intensity knows.
13. Describe magnification?

Magnification means how much larger the object appears compared to its real size.

14. Define resolution?

Resolution is the ability of the microscope to distinguish two structures that are very close together
at distinct entities.

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15. Calculate the magnification power of microscope that has eye piece lens that
magnifies 10x and the objective lens that magnifies 20x?

Magnification of eye piece  magnification of objective lens

=2010= 200X.

16. What is the major component of the cell?

 Cell membrane and cell wall in plant cells.
 Cytoplasm
 Nucleus
17. Define protoplasm?

The cytoplasm and the nucleus together are called the protoplasm.

18. Describe cell membrane (plasma membrane)?

Cells have a limiting boundary called the cell membrane (plasma membrane)

19. What the cell membrane is made up of?

It’s made up of phospholipids bilayer embedded with proteins.

20. What scientists describe the cell membrane?

Scientist describes the cell membrane as fluid mosaic.

21. State the functions of plasma membrane?

 The plasma membrane encloses the cell contents.
 It provides cell shape.
 It allows transport of certain substances into and out of the cell but not all substances.
22. What are the two types of plasma membrane transmission?

Selectively permeable or semi permeable

23. Describe cell wall?

The cell membrane is surrounded by an outer boundary called cell wall.

24. What call wall is made up of?

Call wall is made up of a type of polysaccharide called cellulose.

25. State the function of cell wall?

 It protects and supports the plant cell; it also gives the plants cell its final
shape.
 Since it is composed of cellulose which allows water and other substance to
pass through it. It is a fully permeable membrane.

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26. Define cytoplasm?

Cytoplasm is a fluid medium that is found between the cell membrane and the nucleus.

27. What cytoplasm contains?

It contains membrane-bound organelles and membrane-less organelles.

28. Define cytosol?

If the cytoplasm is removed from membrane-bound organelles the remaining portion is called the
cytosol.

29. What is membrane-bound organelle?

These organelles are surrounded by membranes similar in structure to the plasma membrane.

30. List membrane-bound organelles?

 Mitochondria
 endoplasmic reticulum
 Iysosomes
 Golgi apparatus
 vacuoles and plastids
31. Describe mitochondria

Mitochondria (sing. Mitochondrion) are double-membrane-bound organelles that are spherical to

elongate in shape and found in the cytoplasm of almost all eukaryotic cells.

32. Define matrix in the mitochondria?

The inner mitochondrial membrane encloses a semi fluid material called matrix.

33. What are the two layers of mitochondrion?

The outer membrane of the mitochondrion is smooth, while the inner membrane folds and doubles
in on itself to form incomplete partitions called cristae

34. What the cristae increase?

The cristae increase the surface area available for the chemical reactions that trap usable energy for
the cell.

35. What is the inner mitochondrial membrane encloses.

The inner mitochondrial membrane encloses a semi fluid material called matrix.

36. State the function of mitochondria?

The function of mitochondrion is to generate large quantities of energy in the form of adenosine
triphosphate (ATP) during the process of cellular respiration

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37. Describe endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of membranes that are spread throughout the
cytoplasm.

38. How much can be divided endoplasmic reticulum?

a. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
b. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
39. Differentiates between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) has ribosome attached on its surface.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) lacks ribosome on its surface.

40. What are the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and smooth (SER)?

The function of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is

 The function of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is to synthesize proteins.

 ER stores proteins made by ribosome and transports them.

The function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is

 Smooth ER involves in the synthesis of lipids.

41. Describe Golgi apparatus?

Golgi apparatus consists of flattened sacs called cisternea.

42. Where Golgi apparatus receive proteins and lipids?

Golgi apparatus receive proteins and lipids from endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

43. State the function of Golgi apparatus?

 They modify, package, and transport glycoprotein’s

 They are involved in secretion of synthesized protein and carbohydrates.
 They manufacture Iysosomes.
44. Define Iysosomes?

Iysosomes are membrane-bound spherical organelles.

45. State the function of Iysosomes?

 They can digest proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

 They can digest worn out organelles and aged cells.
 Iysosomes of white blood cells can break down bacteria.
46. What is vacuole?

Vacuoles are large cavities found in plant cells.

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47. State the function of vacuole?

The function of the vacuole is to store juices and excess products of cell.

48. Define plastid?

Plastids are large organelles found in plants cells.

49. List the three types of plastids?

The three types of plastids are

 Chloroplasts (green plastids)

 Chromoplasts (coloured-plastids)
 Leucoplasts (colourless plastids)
50. Describe chloroplasts?

Chloroplasts are oval shaped organelles that are found in plant cells.

51. What is surrounded by chloroplasts?

It is surrounded by double membranes.

52. What chloroplast contains?

The chloroplast contains stacks of thylokoid membrane which from the grana (singular:
granum)

53. What is stroma?

The fluid-filled space that is outside the grana is called stroma.

54. What is the function of chloroplast?

The chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells.

55. Describe Ribosomes?

Ribosome’s are very fine granules, found in large numbers on the surface of rough endoplasmic
reticulum or free in the cytoplasm.

56. State the function of ribosome?

Ribosomes are the centers of protein synthesis in the cell.

57. State the function of Ribosomes?

Ribosomes are the centers of protein synthesis in the cell.

58. Define Centrioles?

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Centrioles are rod-shaped structures located near the nucleus of animal cells.

59. Define centrosome?

Two Centrioles which are perpendicular which another are called centrosome.

60. State the function of Centrioles?

 Centrioles have an important role in cell division by forming spindle fibres.
 They form cilia and flagella in cells and organisms where these structures occur.
61. Describe cytoskeleton?

The cytoskeleton is a network of interlinking proteins filament present in the cytoplasm of all cells.

62. State the three structural element of the cytoskeleton?

The three structural element of the cytoskeleton are:

 Microtubules
 Microfilaments
 Intermediate filaments.
63. State the function of cytoskeleton?
 The cytoskeleton supports the cell and gives its distinctive shape.
 It plays a role in cell movement and its organelles.

64. Tell the differences between plant and animal cells?

No Plant cell Animal cell

1. Has a cell wall Has no cell wall
2. Has chloroplast Has no chloroplast
3. Usually has a large central vacole Has no large vacole
4. Has no Centrioles Has Centrioles

65. Define nucleus?

Nucleus is a double membrane bound structure containing a viscous fluid known as Nucleoplasm in
which nucleolus and chromatin reticulum are suspended.

66. What is the structure of nucleus?

Nucleus generally takes a spherical or oval shape.

67. Tell the other name of nuclear membrane?

Nuclear envelop.

68. What is the function of nuclear pores?

It allows materials to move in and out of the nucleus.

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69. State the function of nucleolus and chromatin?

The nucleolus is responsible for manufacture of ribosome while

Chromatin contains the hereditary materials (DNA).

70. What is the function of nucleus?

The nucleus controls all the activities of the cell.

71. Define chromosome?

Chromosomes are threadlike structures found in the nucleus of the cell.

72. Tell what is chemically a chromosome consist of?

Chemically a chromosome consists of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and proteins.

73. Describe DNA?

DNA is the genetic material that carries the genetic information for each cell.

74. DNA has the ability to duplicate itself to forms? What

DNA has the ability to duplicate itself to forms a new complete copy.

75. Tell the number chromosomes of

Corns there are 20 chromosomes in each cell

Pea plants there are 14 chromosomes in each cell

Human being there are 46 chromosomes.

76. List the two types of cells in the body of living organism.

These are somatic cells and sex cells.

77. Tell the difference somatic cell and sex cell?

Points of comparison Somatic cell Sex cell

Location: In the whole body In gonads (reproductive
organs)
Chromosomal number Diploid (2n). Contains the total Haploid (n) contains half the
number of chromosomes. number of chromosomes
Kind of division Mitotic cell division (Mitosis) Meiotic cell division (meiosis)

78. What cell division?

Cell division is the process by which parent cell divides into two or more daughter cell.

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79. What are the two forms in cell division usually occurs?
mitosis (Somatic or vegetative cell division)
meiosis (Reproductive cell division)
80. Describe mitosis?

Mitosis (Somatic or vegetative cell division): results in new cells with the genetic material that is
identical to that of the original cell.

81. Where mitosis occurs?

Mitosis occurs in organisms undergoing growth, development, repair or asexual reproduction.

82. Define asexual reproduction?

Asexual reproduction is the production of offspring from one parent.

83. Define meiosis?

Meiosis (Reproductive cell division): occurs during the formation of gametes.

Each new cell has the potential to join with another haploid cell to produce a diploid.

84. State the major physiological processes that facilitate the movement of materials into
and out of cells?
 Diffusion
 Osmosis
 Active transport
85. Define diffusion?

Diffusion is the movement of substances from their region of higher concentration to their region of
lower concentration, this does not require energy.

86. List the role plays diffusion in living organism?

The role plays diffusion in living organism is:

 Absorption of materials like mineral salts in plant roots and digested foods in the intestine
of animals.
 Gaseous exchange in plants and animals.

87. Define osmosis?

Osmosis is movement of water molecules from the region of high water concentration to the region
of low water concentration through a semi permeable membrane.

88. Define isotonic solutions?

Solutions with the same solute concentration are called isotonic solutions.

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89. Define hypertonic solution?

Hypertonic solution has a greater concentration of solutes than another solution.

90. Define hypotonic solution?

Hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes than another solution.

91. Describe active transport and its significances in living organisms.

Active transport is the movement of substance from region of their lower concentration towards
the region of their higher concentration; it would require an active effort by the cell for which
energy is needed.

There are many significances of active transport such as:

 It is involved in active re-absorption of glucose and mineral salts in kidney tubules during
urine formation.
 It enables the absorption of digested food from the alimentary canal/small intestines into
the blood stream.
92. Differentiate between endocytosis and exocytosis?

Endocytosis; is the process of supporting substances in to the cell through a vesicle.

Exocytosis: is the reverse of endocytosis by which a cell ejects waste product or specific secretion
products such as hormones by fusion of vesicle on the plasma membrane of the cell.

93. State the two ways endocytosis can occur.

 Pinocytosis (cell drinking)
 Phagocytosis (cell eating)

Chapter questions

1. Which one of the following is not part of the nucleus?

a. Ribosome
b. Nucleolus
c. Chromosome
d. Gene
2. A suitable term for the various components of cells is
a. Tissue
b. Cell organelles
c. Chromosomes
d. Genes
3. Green color of leaves is due to presence of the pigment
a. Chlorophyll
b. Ribosomes
c. Mitochondria

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d. Chloroplast
4. The unit of measurement used for expressing dimension (size) of cells is
a. Centimeter
b. Millimeter
c. Micrometer
d. Meter
5. The thread-like structures present in the nucleus are
a. Nucleolus
b. Chromosomes
c. Genes
d. Ribosomes
6. Which of the following feature will help you in distinguishing a plant cell from an animal cell?
a. Cell wall
b. Cell membrane
c. Mitochondria
d. Nucleus
7. Where the Ribosomes are produces?
a. Nuclear pore
b. Chromatin
c. Nucleolus
d. Endoplasmic reticulum
8. Which is not part of the cell theory?
a. The basic unit of life is the cell.
b. Cells came from preexisting cells
c. All living organism are composed of cells
d. Cells contain membrane-bound organelles
9. Which type of transport requires energy input from the cell?
a. Active transport
b. Osmosis
c. Facilitated diffusion
d. Simple diffusion

10. Label the parts A to E in the diagram below.

Chloroplast

Nucleus
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Cell wall
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Chapter three: Question and answer

1. Define tissue?

A group of cells that performs particular function forms is called tissue.

2. Describe simple tissue and give example?

A tissue that is composed of cells that are identical in shape and structure is called simple tissue

Example: parenchyma tissue

3. Define complex tissue and give example?

If the tissue is made up of more than one type of cells, it is known as complex tissue

Example: phloem tissues

4. State types of tissues?

Tissues can be classified into the

 Plant tissues
 Animal tissues
5. State types of plant tissues?
 Meristematic (dividing)
 Permanent (non-dividing)
6. Where the growth of plant occurs?

The growth of plants occurs in certain specific regions. This is because the dividing tissue.

7. Define Meristematic tissues?

Meristematic tissues: are tissues composed of immature or undifferentiated cells without intercellular
spaces.

8. How many steps may be Meristematic tissues?

The cells may be rounded, oval or polygonal, always living and thin walled.

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9. List types of Meristematic tissues?

 Apical meristem
 Intercalary meristem
 Lateral meristem

Types Location Function

1. apical meristem Root tip and shoot tip. Growth in length of plants
Growth in length of plants
2. intercalary meristem At the base of leaves or at the Intermodal growth
base of internodes
3. lateral meristem Cambium between xylem plant Growth in thickness of the and
bodies. Cambium in the cortex of phloem and cork (secondary
dicot plants growth).

10. Describe permanent tissue?

Permanent tissues are those in which growth has stopped either completely or for the time being.

11. Differentiated thin walled and thick walled in permanent tissue?

Thin walled permanent tissues are generally living, whereas

Thick walled tissues may be living or dead.

12. State types of permanent tissue and describe each one?

 Simple tissue: simple tissue is made up of only one type of cells
Example: parenchyma, collenchymas and sclerenchyma
 Complex tissues: complex tissue is made up of more than one type of cells working in
together as unit. Example: xylem and phloem
13. Classify xylem and phloem?
a. Xylem: xylem is conducting tissue, which conducts water and salts upward from roots and
leave.
 Tracheids
 vessels
 fibers
 xylem parenchyma
b. Phloem: phloem is conducting tissue, which conducts food synthesized in the leave to
different parts of the plant.
 Sieve tubes
 Companion cells
 Phloem fiber
 Phloem parenchyma
14. State types of animal tissues
 Epithelial tissue

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 Connective tissue
 Muscle tissue
 Nervous tissue
15. Define epithelial tissue?

Epithelial tissues are widespread throughout the body.

16. List the characteristics of epithelial tissue?

a. Are closely packed with no intercellular space.
b. Arise from a non-cellular basement membrane
c. Not supplied with blood vessels

17. State the function of epithelial tissues?

a. Protection of the underlying tissues
b. Absorption
c. Secretion
d. Reception of sensory stimuli

Coneective tissue

Proper connective supporting Fluid connective

tissue connective tissue tissue

m
fiareolar adipose fibrous cartilage Bone Blood Lymph
a
b m
c
r a
r
o s
o
b t
p
l c
h
a e
a
s ll
g
t s
e
s
s

18. Define connective tissue and tell some examples?

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Connective tissue is one of the most common tissues in our bodies.

Examples

 Bone
 Cartilage
 Lymph
 Blood
19. State types of connective tissues?
 Proper connective tissues
 Supporting connective tissues
 Fluid connective tissues
20. State types of proper connective tissues and describe each one?
 Areolar: most widely spread connective tissues
 Adipose tissues: it has specialized cells storing fat called adipose cells. Helping in
forming padding’s
 Fibrous: it is mainly made up of fibroblasts. It forms tendons and ligaments
21. State types of Areolar and describe each one?
 Fibroblasts: which form the yellow (elastin) and white (collagen) fibres in the matrix
 Macrophages: which help in engulfing bacteria and micro pathogens
 Mats cells: which secrets heparin (helps in clotting blood).
22. State types of bones?
 Spongy
 Compact bones
23. What is the difference between spongy bone and compact bone?
 Spongy bone: bone cells (osteocytes) are irregularly arranged, such bones are found at
the ends of the long bones
 Compact bones: cells are arranged in circles or lamellae around a central canal the
Haversian canal.
24. Define bone marrow?

The substance contained in the bone cavity is called bone marrow

25. State the two forms of fluid connective tissue.

Blood and Lymph are the two forms of the fluid connective tissue

26. Define blood?

Blood: it is a complex of blood cells and plasma. Plasma forms the matrix

27. List types of blood cells and their function?

 Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) – transport oxygen (O2) and carbon-dioxide (CO2)

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 White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) – function in defense against bacteria, viruses and other
invaders.
 Platelets (Thrombocytes) – help in the clotting of blood.
28. Define plasma?

Plasma is the extracellular fluid of the matrix, the ground substance

29. What plasma contains?

Plasma contains a large number of proteins such as fibrinogen, albumin, and globulin to be transported
to various parts of the animal body for various purposes.

30. Describe muscle tissue?

Muscle tissue is composed of long excitable cells containing parallel microfilaments of contractile
proteins like actin and myosin.

31. State the difference types of muscle tissues?

a) Striated muscles
b) Unstriated muscles
c) Cardiac muscles
32. List the characteristics of muscle tissues?
 Excitability, (respond to stimulus)
 Extensibility, (stretch)
 Contractility, (contract)
 Elasticity, (move back to the original position)
33. State the kinds of nervous tissue?

Nervous has two kinds of cells

 Neurons cells
 Neuralgia cells
34. Define neuron?

Neuron is the functional unit of nervous tissue

35. What are the constituents of nervous tissue?

Nervous tissue constitute the

 Brain
 Spinal cord
 Nerves
 Sensory cells
 Sense organs
36. Define axon and dendrites?

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Axon: is the one of the usually very long,

Dendrites: the smaller but branching processes of the cyton

37. Describe neuralgia?

Neuralgia is also called glial cells or glia, any of several types of cells that function primarily to support
neurons.

38. What are the levels of organization?

The levels of organization is

 Cellular level organization

 Tissue level
 Tissue system
 Organ level
 Organ system
 Organism
39. Describe
a. Organ: a distinct recognizable part of the body
b. Organ system: combination of a set of organs all of which are usually devoted to one
general function.

Q1: Circle the letter represents the correct answer

1. Group of cells that are similar in structure and function are known as
a. Organ
b. System
c. Tissue
d. Cells
2. A tissue whose cells are capable of dividing is called
a. Complex tissue
b. Connective tissue
c. Permanent tissue
d. Meristematic tissue
3. Cartilage and bone are types of
a. Muscular tissue
b. Connective tissue
c. Meristematic tissue
d. Epithelial tissue
4. Sieve tubes and companion cells are present in
a. Xylem
b. Phloem

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c. Cork
d. Cambium
5. The tissue that helps in the movement of our body is
a. Muscular tissue
b. Skeletal tissue
c. Nervous tissue
d. All of the above
6. The size of the stem increase with the width due to
a. Apical meristem
b. Intercalary meristem
c. Primary meristem
d. Lateral meristem
7. What is the correct order of the levels of organization in human body from the simplest to the
most complex
a. Tissue, cell, organ, system and organism
b. Cells, tissue, organ, system and organism
c. Cell, organ, tissue and system
d. Organism, system, organ, tissue and cell
8. The study of tissue is
a. Cytology
b. Embryology
c. Histology
d. Pathology
9. Many kinds of tissues organize to form a/an
a. Organ
b. Organ system
c. Body system
d. organelle
10. fats are stored in human body as
a. Cuboidal epithelium
b. Adipose tissue
c. Bones
d. Cartilage
11. Which of the following is not a simple tissue?
a. Xylem
b. Parenchyma
c. Collenchymas
d. Sclerenchyma
12. Which meristem is present at the base of the leaves or internodes on twigs
a. Apical meristem
b. Cambium
c. Intercalary meristem

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d. Epidermis
13. The tissue which has dead cells in the functional states is
a. Collenchymas
b. Sclerenchyma
c. Parenchyma
d. Phloem
14. Collenchymas are characterized by the presence of
a. Elongated cells with deposits of cellulose and pectin all over the wall
b. Isodiametric cells with deposits of cellulose and pectin at the corners
c. Elongated cells with thickening at the corners
d. Isodiametric cells with thickening all over the wall.
15. Which of the following is most likely to be found lining the inside of the intestines?
a. Epithelial tissue
b. Nervous tissue
c. Connective tissue
d. Muscular tissue

Q2: Which tissues are responsible for secondary growth in plants?

The tissue which responsible for secondary growth in plant is Lateral meristem

Q3: state the types of animal and plant tissues?

The types of animal tissue is

 Epithelial tissue
 Connective tissue
 Muscle tissue
 Nervous tissue

The types of animal tissue is

 Meristematic (dividing) tissue

 Permanent (non-dividing) tissue

Q4: write a short note on the comparison between parenchyma, collenchymas and sclerenchyma.

Features Parenchyma Collenchymas Sclerenchyma

1. cell shape Brick like shape Elongated cells Spherical, oval or cylinder
2. vacuoles Have large central vacuole Are absent Have not
Q5: what are the functions of?

a. Epithelial tissues
 Protection of underlying tissue
 Absorption

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 Secretion
 Reception of sensory stimuli
b. Nerve tissue: the function of nerve tissue is to transmit impulses

c. Meristematic tissues: are responsible for plant growth

d. Permanent tissues: in providing support, protection as well as in photosynthesis and
conduction of water, minerals and nutrients.

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