PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Section (A) : Buffer Solution & Buffer Capacity

A-1. Calculate the pH of a solution of given mixtures ;
(a) (4 g CH3COOH + 4.1 g CH3COONa) in 100 mL of mixture ; Ka for CH3COOH = 1.8 × 10–5 .
(b) 5 mL of 0.1 M BOH + 25 mL of 0.1 M BCl ; Kb for BOH = 1.8 × 10–5 .
(c) (0.25 mole of CH3COOH + 0.4 mole of CH3COONa) in 500 mL mixture ; Ka for CH3COOH = 1.8 × 10–5.

A-2. 50 ml of 0.20 M solution of the acid HA (Ka = 1.0 x 105) & 50 ml of an NaA solution are given. What should
be the concentration of the NaA solution to make a buffer solution with pH = 4.00 ?

A-3. What amount of HCl will be required to prepare one litre of a buffer solution of NaCN and HCN of pH 8.5 using
0.01 mole of NaCN. pKb of CN¯ = 4.6 (log 2 =0.3)

A-4. Calculate the pH of a solution resulting from the addition of 12.5 ml of 0.1 M HCl to 50 ml of a solution
containing 0.15 M CH3COOH & 0.2 M CH3COONa. (pKa = 4.74)

A-5. Calculate the pH of 0.5 L of a 0.2 M NH4CI –0.2 M NH3 buffer before and after addition of (a) 0.05 mol of NaOH
and (b) 0.05 mol of HCl. Assume that the volume remains constant. (log2 = 0.3, log3 = 0.48) [pKb = 4.74]

A-6. Prove that Buffer capacity of 0.2 M CH3COOH and 0.2M CH3COONa is more than the 0.1 M CH3COOH and
0.1 M CH3COONa in 1 Lt solution.

A-7. What concentration of Ac – ions will reduce H3O + ion to 2 × 10–4 M in 0.40 M solution of HAc ?
Ka (HAc) = 1.8 × 10– 5 ?

Section (B) : Theory of indicators

B-1. At pH < 3.1, the indicator methyl red is coloured red, at pH > 6.3 it is yellow and at the intermediate values
of the pH it is orange. What will the colour of the indicator be in a 0.1 M solution of NH 4Br. pKb (NH4OH) =
4.74.

B-2. A small quantity of phenolphthalein is added to a decinormal solution of sodium butyrate at 25 0C. Calculate
the ratio of the coloured to the colourless form of the indicator. Ka for butyric acid = 1.5 x 10-5 at 250C. K for
the indicator = 3.16 x 10-10 and KW = 10-14 at 250C.

Section (C) : Acid-base Titration

C-1. Calculate pH of the following mixtures. Given the Ka of CH3COOH = 2 × 10–5 and Kb of NH4OH = 2 × 10–5.
(a) 50 mL of 0.10 M NaOH + 50 mL of 0.05 M CH3COOH.
(b) 50 mL of 0.05 M NaOH + 50 mL of 0.10 M CH3COOH.
(c) 50 mL of 0.10 M NaOH + 50 mL of 0.10 M HCl.
(d) 50 mL of 0.10 M NH4OH + 50 mL of 0.05 M HCl.
(e) 50 mL of 0.10 M NH4OH + 50 mL of 0.10 M HCl.
(f) 50 mL of 0.05 M NH4OH + 50 mL of 0.05 M CH3COOH.

C-2. 15 mL sample of 0.15M NH3(aq) is titrated against 0.1M HCl(aq). What is the pH at the end point? K b of
NH3(aq) = 1.8 x 105.

C-3. pH at the mid point of titration of 20mL of 1M formic acid with 1M NaOH is 3.7. Find the pH at the end point
of titration.

C-4. Calculate the pH during the titration of 40.00 mL of 0.1 M propanoic acid (HPr; Ka = 1 × 10–5) after adding the
following volumes of 0.1 M NaOH: (log 2 = 0.3, log 3 = 0.48)
(a) 0.00 mL (b) 30.00 mL (c) 40.00 mL (d) 50.00 mL.
 PART - II : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.
Section (A) : Buffer Solution & Buffer Capacity
A-1. A solution is 0.1 M CH3COOH and 0.1 M CH3COONa. Which of the following solution will change its pH
significantly?
(A) Addition of water
(B) Addition of small amount of CH3COONa with out change in volume
(C) Addition of small amount of CH3COOH with out change in volume
(D) None will change the pH significantly.

A-2. Ka for HCN is 5 × 10–10 at 25°C. For maintaining a constant pH of 9, the volume of 5 M KCN solution required
to be added to 10 ml of 2M HCN solution is (log 2 = 0.3)
(A) 4 ml (B) 8 ml (C) 2 ml (D) 10 ml

A-3. What % of the carbon in the H2CO3 – HCO3– buffer should be in the form of HCO3– so as to have a neutral
solution? (Ka = 4 × 10–7)
(A) 20 % (B) 40 % (C) 60 % (D) 80%

A-4. A buffer solution is prepared by mixing 'a' moles of CH3COONa and 'b' moles of CH3COOH such that
(a + b) = 1, into water to make 1L buffer solution. If the instantaneous (differantial) buffer capacity of this
buffer solution is plotted against moles of salt CH3COONa (a) then the plot obtained will be (to the scale)
approximately. (As shown in figure in options)

0.25
Buffer capacity

0.20
(A) 0.15
(B)

0.10
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
a
0.55
0.50
Buffer capacity

0.45

(C) 0.40 (D)

0.35

0.30
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
a

A-5. Buffer capacity of a buffer solution is x, the volume of 1 M NaOH added to 100 mL of this solution if change
the pH by 1 is
(A) 0.1 x mL (B) 10 x mL (C) 100 x mL (D) x mL

Section (B) : Theory of indicators

B-1. A certain indicator (an organic dye) has pKa = 5. For which of the following titrations may it be suitable.
(A) acetic acid against NaOH (B) aniline hydrochloride against NaOH
(C) sodium carbonate against HCl (D) barium hydroxide against oxalic acid

B-2. The best indicator for the detection of end point in titration of a weak acid and a strong base is :
(A) Methyl orange (3 to 4) (B) Methyl red (5 to 6)
(C) Bromothymol blue (6 to 7.5) (D) Phenolphthalein (8 to 9.6).
B-3. What fraction of an indicator HIn is in basic form at a pH of 6 if the pKa of the indicator is 5 ?
1 1 10 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 11 11 10

Section (C) : Acid-base Titration

C-1. Which is/are correct statements :
(i) In any strong acid’s solution, the concentration of [OH–] will be zero.
(ii) If Gº of a reaction is positive, then the reaction will not proceed at all,
in the forward direction for any concentrations of reactants and products.
(iii) Titration curves are drawn for (about the figure shown)
(a) 1M HCl (50 mL) with 1 M NaOH and
(b) 0.01 M HCl (50 mL) with 0.01 M NaOH on the same graph paper they look like:

(A) i & ii (B) iii only (C) ii only (D) i & iii

C-2. Which is/are correct statements :

(a) When 100 ml of 0.1 M NaCN solution is titrated with 0.1 M HCl solution
the variation of pH of solution with volume of HCl added will be (as
shown in figure):

(b) Variation of degree of dissociation  with concentration for a weak

electrolyte at a particular temperature is best represented by (as shown
in figure) :

(c) 0.1 M acetic acid solution is titrated against 0.1 M NaOH solution. The difference in pH between 1/4 and
3/4 stages of neutralization of acid will be 2 log 3.
(A) a & c (B) b & c (C) a, b & c (D) b only

C-3. To a 200 ml of 0.1 M weak acid HA solution 90 ml of 0.1 M solution of NaOH be added. Now, what volume of
0.1 M NaOH be added into above solution so that pH of resulting solution be 5. [(Ka(HA) = 10–5]
(A) 2 ml (B) 20 ml (C) 10 ml (D) 15 ml

C-4. 50 mL of 0.1 M NaOH is added to 60 mL of 0.15 M H3PO4 solution (K1, K2 and K3 for H3PO4 are 10–3, 10–8 and 10–
13
respectively). The pH of the mixture would be about (log 2 = 0.3)
(A) 3.1 (B) 5.5 (C) 4.1 (D) 6.5

C-5. 100 mL of 0.02 M benzoic acid (pKa = 4.2) is titrated using 0.02 M NaOH. pH after 50 mL and 100 mL of
NaOH have been added are
(A) 3.50, 7 (B) 4.2, 7 (C) 4.2, 8.1 (D) 4.2, 8.25

C-6. If 50 ml of 0.2 M KOH is added to 40 ml of 0.5 M HCOOH. the pH of the resulting solution is:
(Ka = 1.8 × 10–4, log 18 = 1.26)
(A) 3.74 (B) 5.64 (C) 7.57 (D) 3.42

C-7. When 100 ml of 0.4 M CH3COOH are mixed with 100 ml of 0.2 M NaOH, the [H3O+] in the solution is
approximately : [Ka(CH3COOH) = 1.8 × 10–5]
(A) 1.8 × 10–6 M (B) 1.8 × 10–5 M (C) 9 × 10–6 M (D) 9 × 10–5 M.

C-8. Which of the following solutions would have same pH?

(A) 100 ml of 0.2 M HCl + 100 ml of 0.4 M NH3 (B) 50 ml of 0.1 M HCl + 50 ml of 0.2 M NH3
(C) 100 ml of 0.3 M HCl + 100 ml of 0.6 M NH3 (D) All will have same pH.
 PART - III : ASSERTION / REASONING
1. Statement-1 : In a titration of weak monoprotic acid with strong base, the pH at the half equivalent point is
pKa.
Statement-2 : At half equivalence point, it will form acidic buffer at it's maximum capacity where
[acid] = [salt].
(A) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for STATEMENT-1.
(B) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is not correct explanation for STATEMENT-1.
(C) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false.
(D) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true.
(E) Both STATEMENTS are false.

PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. A 0.252 g sample of unknown organic base is dissolved in water and titrated with a 0.14 M HCl solution. After
the addition of 20 mL of acid, a pH of 10.7 is recorded. The equivalence point is reached when a total of 40 mL
of HCl is added. The base and acid combine in a 1 : 1 ratio.
(a) What is the molar mass of the organic base ?
(b) What is the Kb value for the base ?

2. Phosphoric acid ionizes according to the equations

H3PO4(aq) H+ (aq) + H2PO4– (aq) ; K1 = 7 × 10–3
H2PO4 (aq)
–
H (aq) + HPO4 (aq) ;
+ 2–
K2 = 6 × 10–8
HPO4 (aq)
2–
H (aq) + PO4 (aq) ;
+ 3–
K3 = 4.5 × 10–13
(a) If you are asked to prepare a buffer with a pH = 7.00, identify the species that should be used in the
solution and calculate their molar ratio.
(b) Assume 50 mL of the buffer prepared in part (a) is available in which more abundant species has a
concentration of 0.10 M. If to this solution 20 mL 0.1 M NaOH is added further, what will be the new pH ?
(log2 = 0.3, log3 = 0.48)

3. 0.98 gm of H3PO4 is dissolved in 100 ml of buffer solution (pH = 5). Calculate the equilibrium concentrations
of H2PO4–, HPO42–, PO43– and H3PO4 in the solution. Ka1 = 10–3, Ka2 = 10–8, Ka3 = 0–12.

4. An NH4+ - NH3 buffer is supposed to keep the pH of the solution constant within 0.3 pH unit during the
reaction.
CH3COOCH3 (aq) + 2H2O (aq)   CH3COO–(aq) + H3O+ (aq) + CH3OH(aq)
If this solution had initial concentrations : [NH4+]0 = 0.1 M, [NH3]0 = 0.06 M, [CH3COOCH3]0 = 0.02 M.
What would be the initial and final pH of the solution ? Is this a satisfactory buffer ? [K b(NH3) = 1.8 × 10–5,
log2 = 0.3, log3 = 0.48].

5. A certain solution has a hydrogen ion concentration 4 x 103 M. At pH = 2, half of the indicator, thymol blue
is in unionised form. Find the % of indicator in unionised form in the solution with [H +] = 4 × 103 M.

PART - II : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Single choice type
1. Aniline behaves as a weak base. When 0.1 M, 50 ml solution of aniline was mixed with 0.1 M, 25 ml solution
of HCl the pH of resulting solution was 8. Then the pH of 0.01 M solution of aniliniumchloride will be
(Kw = 10–14)
(A) 6 (B) 6.5 (C) 5 (D) 5.5

2. 1 M benzoic acid (pKa = 4.20) and 1M C6H5 COONa solutions are given separately. What is the volume of
benzoic acid required to prepare a 300 ml buffer solution of pH = 4.5 ? [log 2 = 0.3]
(A) 200 ml (B) 150 ml (C) 100 ml (D) 50 ml
3. To prepare a buffer of pH 8.26 amount of (NH4)2 SO4 to be added to 500 mL of 0.01 M NH4OH solution
[pKa (NH4+) = 9.26] is
(A) 0.05 mole (B) 0.025 mole (C) 0.10 mole (D) 0.005 mole

4. Pure water is added into the following solutions causing a 10% increase in volume of each. The greatest %
change in pH would be observed in which case (A), (B), (C) or (D) ?
(A) 0.1 M NaHCO3 (B) 0.2 M NaOH
(C) 0.3 M NH3 – 0.2 M NH4+ system (D) 0.4 M CH3COONH4

5. An acid-base indicator which is a weak acid has a pKIn value = 5.45. At what cocentration ratio of sodium
acetate to acetic acid would the indicator show a colour half-way between those of its acid and conjugate
base forms? [pKa of acetic acid = 4.75, log 2 = 0.3]
(A) 4 : 1 (B) 6 : 1 (C) 5 : 1 (D) 3 : 1

6. What will be the pH at the equivalence point during the titration of a 100 mL 0.2 M solution of CH3COONa with
0.2 M solution of HCl ? Ka = 2 × 10–5.
(A) 3 – log 2 (B) 3 + log 2 (C) 3 – log 2 (D) 3 + log 2

7. 20 mL of a weak monobasic acid (HA) requires 20 mL 0.2 M NaOH for complete titration. If pH of solution
upon addition of 10 mL of this alkali to 25 mL of the above solution of HA is 5.8. The pKa of the weak acid is
(A) 6.1 (B) 5.8 (C) 5.98 (D) 5.58

8. What is the difference in pH for 1/3 and 2/3 stages of neutralisation of 0.1 M CH 3COOH with 0.1 M NaOH.
(A) 2 log 3 (B) 2 log (1/4) (C) 2 log (2/3) (D) 2 log 2

9. A weak acid (HA) after treatment with 12 mL of 0.1 M strong base (BOH) has a pH of 5. At the end point, the
volume of same base required is 27 mL. Ka of acid is (log2 = 0.3)
(A) 1.8 × 10–5 (B) 8 × 10–6 (C) 1.8 × 10–6 (D) 8 × 10–5

More than one choice type

10.* Which one is the correct graph (figure) for the corresponding acid base titration?

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

Volume of strong base Volume of strong acid

added to a weak dibasic acid added to a weak diacidic base
11.* A weak acid (or base) is titrated against a strong base (or acid),
volume v of strong base (or acid) is plotted against pH of the solution
(as shown in figure). The weak electrolyte (i.e. acid or base) could
be
(A) Na2CO3 (B) Na2C2O4
(C) H2C2O4 (D) CH2(COOH)2
12.* Which of the following are true for an acidbase titration ?
(A) Indicators catalyse the acid base reactions by releasing or accepting H+ ions.
(B) Indicators do not significantly affect the pH of the solution to which they are added.
(C) Acidbase reactions do not occur in absence of indicators.
(D) Indicators have different colours in dissociated and undissociated forms.
13.* A buffer solution can be prepared from a mixture of [JEE-1999, 3/80]
(A) Sodium acetate and acetic acid in water (B) Sodium acetate and hydrochloric acid in water
(C) Ammonia and ammonium chloride in water (D) Ammonia and soldium hydroxide in water

14.* Which of the following is/are correct regarding buffer solution ?

(A) It contains weak acid and its conjugate base
(B) It contains weak base and its conjugate acid
(C) It shows large change in pH on adding small amount of acid or base.
(D) All of the above.
15. Choose the correct statement
(A) pH of acidic buffer solution decrease if more salt is added.
(B) pH of acidic buffer solution increases if more salt is added.
(C) pH of basic buffer decreases if more salt is added.
(D) pH of basic buffer increases if more salt is added.
16. Which of following can act as buffer ?
(A) NaCl + NaOH (B) NaHCO3 + H2CO3
(C) NaH2PO4 + Na2HPO4 (D) NH4Cl + NH4OH.
17. Which of the following will show common ion effect and form a buffer solution ?
(A) CH3COONH4 and CH3COOH (B) NH4Cl + NH4OH
(C) H2SO4 + NaHSO4 (D) NaCl + NaOH.
18. Titration curves for 0.1M solutions of three weak acids HA1, HA2
and HA3 with ionization constants K1, K2 and K3 respectively are
plotted as shown in the figure. Which of the following is/are true?

(A) K2 = (K1 + K3)/2

(B) K1 < K3
(C) K1 > K2
(D) K2 > K3
19. Let the colour of the indicator Hn (colourless) will be visible only when its ionised form (pink) is 25% or more
in a solution. Suppose Hn (pKa = 9.0) is added to a solution of pH = 9.6 predict what will happen.
(Take log 2 = 0.3)
(A) pink colour will be visible (B) pink colour will not be visible
(C) % of ionised form will be less than 25% (D) % of ionised form will be more than 25%

20. Which of the following mixtures will act as buffer ?

(A) H2CO3 + NaOH (1.5 : 1 molar ratio) (B) H2CO3 + NaOH (1.5 : 2 molar ratio)
(C) NH4OH + HCl (5 : 4 molar ratio) (D) NH4OH + HCl (4 : 5 molar ratio)
21._ When weak base solution (50 ml of 0.1 N NH4OH) is titrated with
strong acid 0.1 N HCl, the pH of solution initially decreases fast
and then decreases slowly till near equivalence point (as shown)
in the figure. Which of the following is true.
(A) The slow decrease of pH is due to formation of an acidic buffer
solution after addition of some HCl
(B) The slope of shown pH graph magnitude only will be minimum
when 25 ml of 0.1 N HCl is added
(C) The slow decrease of pH is due to formation of a basic buffer
solution
(D) The initial fast decrement in pH is due to fast consumption of
free OH¯ ions by HCl.

22._ Which of the following is incorrect statement.

(A) If K1 and K2 for dissociation of H2A is 10–7 and 10–14 then A2– concentration in 0.1 M H2A solution is 10–7.
(B) A solution of pH = 1 has H+ ion concentration 3 times than that of a solution of pH = 3.
(C) If a salt solution of weak acid & weak base is diluted upto limited extent then its pH will decrease.
(D) pH of acidic buffer solution depends upon pKa and relative molar amount of weak acid and its conjugate
base.

PART - III : MATCH THE COLUMN

1. Match the effect of addition of 1 M NaOH to 50 ml of 1 M H2C2O4 (diprotic acid) in column I with column II
(Given: Ka1 = 10–4, Ka2 = 10–9)
Column I Column II
(A) 25 mL of NaOH (p) Buffer solution
(B) 50 mL of NaOH (q) pH is independent of concentration of species
present in the solution.
(C) 75 mL of NaOH (r) anionic hydrolyisis
(D) 100 mL of NaOH (s) pH > 7

PART - IV : COMPREHENSION
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions.

Comprehension #
[Base]
The pH basic buffer mixtures is given by : pH = pKa + log , whereas pH of acidic buffer mixtures is
[Salt]
[Salt]
given by : pH = pKa + log . Addition of little acid or base although shows no appreciable change in pH
[ Acid]

[Base] [Salt]
for all practical purposes, but since the ratio for changes, a slight decrease or increase in pH
[Salt] [ Acid]
results.

1. The amount of (NH4)2SO4 to be added to 500 mL of 0.01 M NH4OH solution (pKa for NH4 is 9.26) prepare a
buffer of pH 8.26 is:
(A) 0.05 mole (B) 0.025 mole (C) 0.10 mole (D) 0.005 mole

2. A solution containing 0.2 mole of dichloroacetic acid (Ka = 5 × 10–2) and 0.1 mole sodium dichloroacetate in
one litre solution has [H+]:
(A) 0.05 M (B) 0.025 M (C) 0.10 M (D) 0.005 M
3. The volume of 0.2 M NaOH needed to prepare a buffer of pH 4.74 with 50 mL of 0.2 M acetic acid (pK b of
CH3COO– = 9.26) is:
(A) 50 mL (B) 25 mL (C) 20 mL (D) 10 mL

4. The ratio of pH of solution(I) containing 1 mole of CH3COONa and 1 mole of HCI and solution(II) containing 1
mole of CH3COONa and 1 mole of acetic acid in one litre is:
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 2 : 1 (C) 1 : 3 (D) 3 : 1

PART - I : IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (LAST 10 YEARS)

* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.

1. 0.1 M NaOH is titrated with 0.1 M HA till the end point; Ka for HA is 5.6 × 10–6 and degree of hydrolysis is less
compared to 1. Calculate pH of the resulting solution at the end point. [JEE-2004, 2/60]

2. 0.1 mole of CH3NH2 (Kb = 5 × 10–4) is mixed with 0.08 mole of HCl and diluted to one litre. What will be the H+
concentration in the solution? What will be the H+ concentration in the solution? [JEE-2005, 3/84]
(A) 8 × 10 M–2
(B) 8 × 10 M
–11

(C) 1.6 × 10–11 M (D) 8 × 10–5 M

2 2
3. 2.5 mL of M weak monoacidic base (Kb = 1 x 10–12 at 25° C) is titrated with M HCl in water at 25°C.
5 15

The concentration of H+ at equivalence point is (Kw = 1 x 10–14 at 25°C) [JEE-2008, 3/163]

(A) 3.7 x 10–14 M (B) 3.2 x 10–7 M
(C) 3.2 x 10–2 M (D) 2.7 x 10–2 M

4.* Aqueous solutions of HNO3, KOH, CH3COOH, and CH3COONa of identical concentrations are provided. The
pair (s) of solutions which form a buffer upon mixing is (are) : [JEE-2010, 3/163]
(A) HNO3 and CH3COOH (B) KOH and CH3COONa
(C) HNO3 and CH3COONa (D) CH3COOH and CH3COONa

PART - II : AIEEE PROBLEMS (LAST 10 YEARS)

1. 1 M NaCl and 1 M HCl are present in an aqueous solution. The solution is [AIEEE-2002]
(1) not a buffer solution with pH < 7 (2) not a buffer solution with pH > 7
(3) a buffer solution with pH < 7 (4) a buffer solution with pH > 7

2. The pKa of a weak acid (HA) is 4.5. The pOH of an aqueous buffered solution of HA, in which 50% of the acid
is ionized, is : [AIEEE-2007, 3/120]
(1) 9.5 (2) 7.0 (3) 4.5 (4) 2.5
 EXERCISE - 1
PART - I
A-1. (a) 4.62 (b) 8.57 (c) 4.94 A-2. 0.02 M A-3. 8.9 × 10–3 mol
A-4. pH = 4.74 A-5. pH = 9.26 ; (a) pH = 9.74 ; (b) 8.78
A-6. 0.23 for first and 0.115 for later. A-7. [Ac–] = 0.036 M B-1. Orange (pH = 5.13)
B-2. 0.257 C-1. (a) 12.4, (b) 4.7, (c) 7, (d) 9.3, (e) 1.6, (f) 7
C-2. 5.24 C-3. pH = 8.7
C-4. (a) pH = 3 (b) pH = 5.48, (c) pH = 8.85, (d) pH = 12.05

PART - II
A-1. (D) A-2. (C) A-3. (D) A-4. (B) A-5. (C)
B-1. (C) B-2. (D) B-3. (C) C-1. (B) C-2. (C)
C-3. (C) C-4. (A) C-5. (C) C-6. (A) C-7. (B)
C-8. (D)
PART - III
1. (A)
EXERCISE - 2
PART - I
1. (a) 45 , (b) 5 × 10–4 2. (a) 0.6, (b) 7.44
3. [H3PO4] = 10 M, [H2PO4 ] = 0.1 M, [HPO42–] = 10–4 M , [PO43–] = 10–11 M
–3 –

4. 9.04, 8.78, yes. 5. 28.57%

PART - II
1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (B) 4. (B) 5. (C)
6. (A) 7. (C) 8. (D) 9. (B) 10.* (A,B,C,D)
11.* (C,D) 12.* (B,D) 13.* (A,B,C) 14.* (A,B) 15. (B,C)
16. (B,C,D) 17. (A,B) 18. (C,D) 19. (A,D) 20. (A,B,C)
21. (B,C,D) 22. (A,B,C)
PART - III
1. (A – p, q); (B – q, r); (C – p, q, s) ; (D – r, s)
PART - IV
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (B) 4. (A)

EXERCISE - 3
PART - I
1. 8.98  9 2. (B) 3. (D) 4.* (C,D)

PART - II
1. (1) 2. (1)
 PART - I : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Single choice type
1. A buffer solution contains 1 mole of (NH4)2SO4 and 1 mole of NH4OH (Kb = 10–5). The pH of solution will be :
(A) 5 (B) 9 (C) 5.3 (D) 8.7
2. The total number of different kind of buffers obtained during the titration of H3PO4 with NaOH are:
(A) 3 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) Zero
3. Which may be added to one litre of water to act a buffer:
(A) One mole of CH3COOH and one mole of HCI (B) One mole of NH4OH and one mole of NaOH
(C) One mole of NH4CI and one mole of HCI (D) One mole of CH3COOH and 0.5 mole of NaOH
4. The pH of an acidic buffer mixture is:
(A) > 7 (B) < 7 (C) = 7 (D) Depends upon Ka of acid
5. The pKa of acetylasliclic acid (aspirin) is 3.5. The pH of gastric juice in human stomach is about 2-3 and the
pH in the small intestine is about 8. Aspirin will be:
(A) Unionised in the small intestine and in the stomach
(B) Completely ionised in the small intestine and in the stomach
(C)Ionised in the stomach and almost unisonised in the small intestine
(D) Ionised in the small intestine and almost unionized in the stomach
6. Fear or excitement, generally cause one to breathe rapidly and it results in the decrease of concentration of
CO2 in blood. In what way it will change pH of blood.
(A) pH will increase (B) pH will decrease (C) No change (D) pH will be 7
–
7. A certain buffer solution contains equal concentration of X and HX. The Kb for X– is 10–10. The pH of the buffer
is:
(A) 4 (B) 7 (C) 10 (D) 14
8. 50 mL of 2N acetic acid mixed with 10 mL of 1N sodium acetate solution will have an approximate pH of
(Ka = 10–5)
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7
9. From separate solutions of for sodium salts NaW, NaX, NaY and NaZ has pH 7.0, 9.0 10.0 and 11.0 respectively.
When each solution was 0.1 M, the strongest acid is:
(A) HW (B) HX (C) HY (D) HZ
10. pH of a mixture containing 0.10 M X– and 0.20 M HX is: [pKb (X–) = 4]
(A) 4 + log 2 (B) 4 – log 2 (C) 10 + log 2 (D) 10 – log 2
11. Solution of aniline hydrochloride is X due to hydrolysis of Y. X and Y are :
(A) Basic, C6H5 NH3 (B) Acidic, C6H5 NH3 (C) Basic, CI– (D) Acidic, CI–

12. Strong acids are generally used as standard solution in acid-base titrations because:
(A) The pH at equivalence point will be 7 (B) They titrate both strong and weak base
(C) They form more stable solutions than weak acids (D) The salts of strong acids do not hydrolyse
13. The composition of an acidic buffer mixture made up of HA and NaA of total molarity 0.29 having pH = 4.4
and Ka = 1.8 × 10–5 in terms of concentration of salt and acid respectively is :
(A) 0.09 M and 0.20 M (B) 0.20 M and 0.09 (C) 0.1 M and 0.19 M (D) 0.19 M and 010 M
14. A weak acid HA after treatment with 12 mL of 0.1 M strong base BOH has a pH of 5. At the end point the
volume of same base required is 26.6 mL . Calculate Ka of acid is :
(A) 1.8 × 10–5 (B) 8.22 × 10–6 (C) 1.8 × 10–6 (D) 8.2 × 10–5
15. In which of the following combinations, is buffer action expected?
1. NH3 + NH4CI in 1 : 1 mole ratio 2. HCI + NaCI in 1 : 1 mole ratio
3. NH3 + HCI in 2 : 1 mole ratio
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(A) 1 and 2 (B) 1 and 3 (C) 2 and 3 (D) 1, 2 and 3
More than one choice type
16. A 0.1 M sodium acetate solution was prepared. The Kh = 5.6 × 10–10
(A) The degree of hydrolysis is 7.48 × 10–5 (B) The [OH–] concentration is 7.48 × 10–3 M
(C) The [OH ] concentration is 7.48 × 10 M
– –6
(D) The pH is approximately 8.88.

PART - II : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. How much of 0.3 M ammonium hydroxide should be mixed with 30 mL of 0.2 M solution of ammonium
chloride to give buffer solutions of pH 8.65 and 10. (Given pKb of NH4OH = 4.75, log 2 = 0.3, log 0.18 = –0.75)

2. Calculate the change in pH of one litre of buffer solution containing 0.10 mole each of NH 3 & NH4Cl upon
addition of, (i) 0.02 mole of dissolved gaseous HCl (ii) 0.02 mole of dissolved NaOH .
Assume no change in solution volume . (Kb for NH3 = 1.8 x 105) [Roorkee-92]

3. What volume of 0.10 M sodium formate solution should be added to 50 ml of 0.05 M formic acid to produce
a buffer solution of pH 4. [ pKa for formicacid is 3.7 ] [Roorkee-90]

4. How many mole of HCI will be required to prepare one litre of buffer solution (containing NaCN+ HCN) of pH
8.5 using 0.01 g formula weight of NaCN ? KHCN = 4 × 10–10 [IIT-98]

5. A 40.0 ml solution of a weak base BOH is titrated with 0.1 N HCl solution . The pH of the solution is found to
be 10.04 and 9.14 after adding 5.0 ml and 20.0 ml of the acid respectively . Find out the dissociation constant
of the base. [IIT-91]

6. Calculate the amount of NH3 and NH4CI required to prepare a buffer solution of pH 9.0 when total concentration
of buffering reagents is 0.6 mol L–1. (pKb for NH3 = 4.7, log 2 = 0.30). [Roorkee-97]

7. Calculate the pH of a buffer solution prepared by dissolving 31.8 g of Na2CO3 in 500 mL of an aqueous
solution containing 150 mL of 1 M HCl. Ka for HCO3– = 5 × 10–11.

8. A 0.1 M solution of weak acid HA is 1% dissociated at 25ºC. What is its Ka ? If this solution is dissociated
with respect to NaA 0.2 M, what will be the new degree of dissociation of HA and pH ?

9. 0.1 M CH3COOH solution is titrated against 0.05 M NaOH solution. Calculate pH at 1/4th and 3/4 stages of
neutralization of acid. The pH for 0.1 M CH3COOH is 3.

10. To a solution of acetic acid, solid sodium acetate is added gradually. When x mole of salt is added, the pH
has a certain value. If y mole of salt is added, the pH at this time changes by 0.6 units to previous pH. What
is the ratio of x and y. Given that y > x.

11. Calculate the pH at the equivalence point when a solution of 0.10 M acetic acid is titrated with a solution of
0.10 M of NaOH. [ Ka for acetic acid is 1.9  10 5 ] [Roorkee-90]

12. A 0.50 gram mixture containing NaHCO3, Na2CO3 and KCl

was dissolved in 50.00 mL water and titrated with 0.15 M
HCl resulting in the following titration curve.

Determine weight percentage of NaHCO3, Na2CO3 and KCl

in the mixture.

13. 25 ml of a dilute aqueous solution of p-hydroxy benzoic acid is titrated with NaOH (aq), the solution has
pH = 4.7 when 8.12 ml of 0.02M NaOH had been added, and pH = 7.5 after 16.24 ml had been added (the
equivalence point). Use these data to determine Ka1 and Ka2 for p-hydroxy benzoic acid. (log 2 = 0.3)
14. How many mmole HCI should be added to 100 ml of a 0.1 M solution of an ampholyte (pKa = 9.7 and
pKb = 11.7) to make a solution of pH = 2.6 ? The volume change is neglected. pKw = 14.0.
15. All enviremental chemist needs a carbonate buffer of pH 10.00 to study the effects of the acidification of
limestone–rich soils. How many grams of Na2CO3 must be added to 1.5 L of freshly prepared 0.20 M
NaHCO3 to make the buffer? Ka of HCO3– = 4.7 × 10–11.(log 4.7 = 0.672)
 PART - I

1. (D) 2. (A) 3. (D) 4. (D) 5. (D)

6. (A) 7. (A) 8. (A) 9. (A) 10. (D)

11. (B) 12. (B) 13. (A) 14. (B) 15. (B)

16. (A,C,D)

PART - II

1. 5 mL, 111.11 mL. 2. (i) 0.1761, decreases (ii) 0.1761, increases

3. 50 ml 4. 8.89 × 10–3 mole of HCI

5. Kb = 1.82 × 10–5 6. [Salt] = 0.4 M and [Base] = 0.2 M

7. 10.197 8. 10–5 , 5 × 10–5 , pH = 5.3

9. 4.52 , 5.48 10. 1:4 11. pH = 8.71

12. 37.8%, 31.8%, 30.4% 13. K a1 = 2× 10–5, K a2 = 5 × 10–111

14. 3.33 15. 15 g Na2CO3