1 Ionic Equilibrium

EXERCISE - I
Single Answer Type
pH Calculations of Weak Electrolytes and Strong Electrolytes
1. The pH of 10–7 M of NaOH solution
(a) 7.0 (b) 7.21 (c) 6.79 (d) None
1 1
2. The pH of mixture of (400 mL, M H2SO4) + (400 mL, M HCl) + (200 mL of water) will be
200 100
(a) 2.7 (b) 2.1 (c) 3.1 (d) 1.8
1 1
3. The pH of mixture of (400 mL, M Ba(OH)2) + (400 mL M HCl) + (200 mL of water) will be
200 50
(a) 7.7 (b) 2.4 (c) 2.1 (d) 8.0
4. The percentage degree of dissociation of 0.05 M NH3 at 25ºC in a solution of pH = 10 will be
(a) 0.8 (b) 0.6 (c) 0.2 (d) 0.4
5. Two weak monobasic organic acids HA and HB have dissociation constants as 1.6 × 10–5 and
0.4 × 10–5 respectively at 25ºC. If 500 mL of 1 M solutions of each of these two acids are mixed to
produce 1 litre of mixed solution, the pH of the resulting solution will be
(a) 4.10 (b) 3.72 (c) 2.46 (d) 3.25
6. The pH of a solution which contains 100 mL of 0.1 M HCI and 9.9 mL of 1.0 M NaOH will be
(a) 4.03 (b) 10.96 (c) 7.00 (d) 3.04
7. A solution of HCI has a pH = 5. If one mL of it is diluted to 1 litre, what will be pH of resulting
solution.
(a) 5.0 (b) 6.97 (c) 3.0 (d) None
8. 1 c.c. of 0.1 N HCl is added to 99 CC solution of NaCl. The pH of the resulting solution will be
(a) 7 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 1
M M
9. 10 ml of H2SO4 is mixed with 40 ml of H SO . The pH of the resulting solution is
200 200 2 4
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 2.3 (d) none of these
10. The compound whose 0.1 M solution is basic is
(a) Ammonium acetate (b) Ammonium chloride
(c) Ammonium sulphate (d) Sodium acetate
11. Which of the following solution will have pH close to 1.0?
(a) 100 ml of M/100 HCl + 100 ml of M/10 NaOH
(b) 55 ml of M/10 HCl + 45 ml of M/10 NaOH
(c) 10 ml of M/10 HCl + 90 ml of M/10 NaOH
(d) 75 ml of M/5 HCl + 25 ml of M/5 NaOH
12. Which of the following expression is not true ?
CHEM ACADEMY 2 Ionic Equilibrium

(a) [H+] = [OH−] = K W for a neutral solution at all temperatures.

(b) [H+] > K W & [OH−] < K W for an acidic solution

(c) [H+] < K W & [OH−] > K W for an alkaline solution

(d) [H+] = [OH−] = 10−7 M for a neutral solution at all temperatures .
13. A 50 ml solution of strong acid of pH = 1 is mixed with a 50 ml solution of strong acid of pH = 2. The pH
of the mixture will be nearly (log 5.5 = 0.74)
(a) 0.74 (b) 1.26 (c) 1.76 (d) 1.5
14. Which of the following solution will have a pH exactly equal to 8 ?
(a) 10–8 M HCl solution at 25ºC (b) 10–8 M H+ solution at 25ºC
(c) 2 × 10–6 M Ba(OH)2 solution at 25ºC (d) 10–5 M NaOH solution at 25ºC
15. The [OH–] in 100.0 ml of 0.016 M-HCl (aq) is :
(a) 5 × 1012 M (b) 3 × 10–10 M (c) 6.25 × 10–13 M (d) 2.0 × 10–9 M.
16. The pH of a solution obtained by mixing 50 ml of 0.4 N HCl and 50 ml of 0.2 N NaOH is :
(a) 13 (b) 12 (c) 1.0 (d) 2.0
17. One litre of solution contains 10–5 moles of H+ ions at 25°C. Percentage ionisation of water in solution is :
(a) 1.8 × 10–9 % (b) 1.8 × 10–5 % (c) 1.8 × 10–7 % (d) 1.8 × 10–11 %.
18. Consider an aqueous solution, 0.1 M each in HOCN, HCOOH, (COOH)2 and H3PO4, for HOCN, we
[H+ ][OCN− ]
can write Ka(HOCN) = . [H+] in this expression refers to
[HOCN]
(a) H+ ions released by HOCN
(b) Sum of H+ ions released by all monoprotic acids
(c) Sum of H+ ions released only the first dissociation of all the acids.
(d) Overall H+ ion concentration in the solution.
19. The dissociation constant of acetic acid at a given temperature is 1.69 × 10–5. The degree of dissociation
of 0.01 M acetic acid in the presence of 0.01 M HCl is equal to
(a) 0.41 (b) 0.13 (c) 1.69 × 10–3 (d) 0.013.
20. The pH of 0.1 M solution of the following salts increases in the order :
(a) NaCl < NH4Cl < NaCN < HCl (b) HCl < NH4Cl < NaCl < NaCN
(c) NaCN < NH4Cl < NaCl < HCl (d) HCl < NaCl < NaCN < NH4Cl
21. At what molar concentration of HCl will its aqueous solution have an [H+] to which equal
contributions come from HCl and H2O.
(a) 60 × 10–7 M (b) 50 × 10–8 M (c) 40 × 10–9 M (d) 30 × 10–8
22. pH of an aqueous solution of NaCl at 85ºC should be
(a) 7 (b) > 7 (c) < 7 (d) 0
 3 Ionic Equilibrium
M M
23. 10 ml of is H 2SO 4 is mixed with 40 ml of H 2SO 4 . The pH of the resulting solution is
200 200
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 2.3 (d) None of these
24. If pKb for fluoride ion at 25ºC is 10.83, the ionisation constant of hydrofluoric acid in water at this temperature
is
(a) 1.74 × 10–5 (b) 3.52 × 10–3 (c) 6.75 × 10–4 (d) 5.38 × 10–2
25. A solution with pH 2.0 is more acidic than the one with pH 6.0 by a factor of
(a) 10 (b) 4 (c) 4000 (d) 10000
26. Which of the following relations is correct ?
(a) ΔGº = RT ln Keq (b) [H3O+] = 10pH
Kw 2 ΔHº  1 1 
(c) log =  −  (d) [OH–] = 10–7, for pure water at all temperatures.
T T 
Kw1 2.303 R  1 2

27. Which of the following has the highest degree of ionisation ?

(a) 1 M NH3 (b) 0.001 M NH3 (c) 0.1 M NH3 (d) 0.0001 M NH3.
28. Kw of H2O at 373 K is 1 × 10–12. Identify which of the following is incorrect.
(a) pKw of H2O is 12 (b) pH of H2O is 6 (c) H2O is neutral (d) H2O is acidic
29. 0.1mol HCl is dissolved in distilled water of volume V then at lim V→ ∞ (pH)solution is equal to
(a) zero (b) 1 (c) 7 (d) 14
30. The correct relationship between the pH of isomolar solutions of Na2O (pH1), Na2S (pH2) Na2Se(pH3)
and Na2Te(pH4) is:
(a) pH1 > pH2 > pH3 > pH4 (b) pH1 < pH2 < pH3 < pH4
(c) pH1 < pH2 < pH3 = pH4 (d) pH1 > pH2 = pH3 > pH4
31. At 25ºC in H2O, [H+] = 10–7 and pH = 7
When temperature is raised to 90ºC, [H+] = 10–6 and pH = 6
So solution becomes
(a) acidic (b) Basic (c) Highly acidic (d) Neutral
Buffer Solution
32. A solution of weak base LiOH was titrated with 0.1 M HCl. The pH of the solution was found to be
10.04 and 9.14 after the addition of 5 mL and 20 mL of the acid respectively. The dissociation
constant of the base will be :
(a) 1.81 × 10–5 (b) 1.2 × 10–4 (c) 1.5 × 10–3 (d) 2.4 × 10–7
33. The ratio of pH of a solution containing 1 mole of CH3COONa + 1 mole of HCI per litre and of
other solution containing 1 mole CH3COONa + 1 mole of acetic acid per litre will be
(a) 2 (b) 1/2 (c) 3 (d) 1/3
34. If 50 ml of 0.2 M KOH is added to 40 ml of 0.5 M HCOOH. the pH of the resulting solution is:
(Ka = 1.8 × 10–4, log 18 = 1.26)
(a) 3.74 (b) 5.64 (c) 7.57 (d) 3.42
CHEM ACADEMY 4 Ionic Equilibrium
35. 20 mL of a weak monobasic acid (HA) requires 20 mL 0.2 M NaOH for complete titration. If pH of
solution upon addition of 10 mL of this alkali to 25 mL of the above solution of HA is 5.8. The pKa
of the weak acid is
(a) 6.1 (b) 5.8 (c) 5.98 (d) 5.58
36. Aniline behaves as a weak base. When 0.1 M, 50 ml solution of aniline was mixed with 0.1 M, 25
ml solution of HCl the pH of resulting solution was 8. Then the pH of 0.01 M solution of anilinium
chloride will be (Kw = 10–14)
(a) 6 (b) 6.5 (c) 5 (d) 5.5
37. 1 M benzoic acid (pKa = 4.20) and 1M C6H5 COONa solutions are given separately. What is the
volume of benzoic acid required to prepare a 300 ml buffer solution of pH = 4.5 ? [log 2 = 0.3]
(a) 200 ml (b) 150 ml (c) 100 ml (d) 50 ml
38. A weak acid (HA) after treatment with 12 mL of 0.1 M strong base (BOH) has a pH of 5. At the end
point, the volume of same base required is 27 mL. Ka of acid is (log2 = 0.3)
(a) 1.8 × 10–5 (b) 8 × 10–6 (c) 1.8 × 10–6 (d) 8 × 10–5
39. To prepare a buffer of pH 8.26 amount of (NH4)2 SO4 to be added to 500 mL of 0.01 M NH4OH
solution [pKa (NH4+) = 9.26] is
(a) 0.05 mole (b) 0.025 mole (c) 0.10 mole (d) 0.005 mole
40. How many gm of solid NaOH must be added to 100 ml of a buffer solution which is 0.1 M each
w.r.t. Acid HA and salt Na+ A– to make the pH of solution 5.5. Given pKa (HA) = 5.
(Use antilog (0.5) = 3.16)
(a) 2.08 × 10–1 (b) 3.05 × 10–3 (c) 2.01 × 10–2 (d) None of these
41. If 40 ml of 0.2 M KOH is added to 160 ml of 0.1 M HCOOH [Ka = 2 × 10–4], the pOH of the
resulting solution is
(a) 3.4 (b) 3.7 (c) 7 (d) 10.3
42. 1 M NaCl and 1M HCl are present in an aqueous solution. The solution is
(a) not a buffer solution and with pH < 7 (b) not a buffer solution with pH > 7
(c) a buffer solution with pH < 7 (d) a buffer solution with pH > 7
43. A solution is 0.1 M CH3COOH and 0.1 M CH3COONa. Which of the following solution will change
its pH significantly ?
(a) Addition of water
(b) Addition of small amount of CH3COONa with out change in volume
(c) Addition of small amount of CH3COOH with out change in volume
(d) None will change the pH significantly.
44. What % of the carbon in the H2CO3 – HCO3– buffer should be in the form of HCO3– so as to have a
neutral solution? (Ka = 4 × 10–7)
(a) 20 % (b) 40 % (c) 60 % (d) 80%
45. Which of the following solutions would have same pH?
(a) 100 ml of 0.2 M HCl + 100 ml of 0.4 M NH3
(b) 50 ml of 0.1 M HCl + 50 ml of 0.2 M NH3
 5 Ionic Equilibrium
(c) 100 ml of 0.3 M HCl + 100 ml of 0.6 M NH3
(d) All will have same pH.
46. A buffer solution is prepared by mixing 'a' moles of CH3COONa and 'b' moles of CH3COOH such that (a
+ b) = 1, into water to make 1L buffer solution. If the buffer capacity of this buffer solution is plotted
against moles of salt CH3COONa, then the plot obtained will be (to the scale) approximately.
0.55
0.50
0.25
Buffer capacity

0.45

Buffer capacity
0.20
0.40
0.15
(a) (b) 0.35
0.10
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.30
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
a
a
0.55
0.50
Buffer capacity

0.25
Buffer capacity

0.45
0.20
0.40
0.15
(c) 0.35 (d)
0.30 0.10
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
a a

47. Buffer capacity of a buffer solution is x, the volume of 1 M NaOH added to 100 mL of this solution if
change in the pH by 1 is
(a) 0.1 x mL (b) 10 x mL (c) 100 x mL (d) x mL
48. What is the difference in pH for 1/3 and 2/3 stages of neutralisation of 0.1 M CH3COOH with 0.1 M
NaOH.
(a) 2 log 3 (b) 2 log (1/4) (c) 2 log (2/3) (d) 2 log 2
–10
49. Ka for HCN is 5 × 10 at 25°C. For maintaining a constant pH of 9, the volume of 5 M KCN
solution required to be added to 10 ml of 2M HCN solution is (log 2 = 0.3)
(a) 4 ml (b) 8 ml (c) 2 ml (d) 10 ml
Salt Hydrolysis
50. The pH of 0.4 M aqueous NaCN solution will be (Given pKb of CN– = 4.70)
(a) 2.548 (b) 3.513 (c) 10.123 (d) 11.450
51. The pH of the mixture (25 mL of 0.1 M NH4OH + 25 mL of 0.1 M CH3COOH) will be
Given that Ka : 1.8 × 10–5, and Kb = 1.8 × 10–5
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9
52. Which of the following salts undergoes anionic hydrolysis?
(a) CuSO4 (b) NH4Cl (c) AlCl3 (d) K2CO3.
53. The sodium salt of a certain weak monobasic organic acid is hydrolysed to an extent of 3% in its
CHEM ACADEMY 6 Ionic Equilibrium
0.1M solution at 250C. Given that the ionic product of water is 10−14 at this temperature, what is the
dissociation constant of the acid?
(a) ≈ 1 × 10−10 (b) ≈ 1 × 10−9 (c) 3.33 × 10−9 (d) 3.33 × 10−10
54. The degree of hydrolysis of a salt of weak acid and weak base in it’s 0.1 M solution is found to be
50%. If the molarity of the solution is 0.2 M, the percentage hydrolysis of the salt should be
(a) 100% (b) 50% (c) 25% (d) 10%
55. What is the percentage hydrolysis of NaCN in N/80 solution when the dissociation constant for
HCN is 1.3 × 10–9 and Kw = 1.0 × 10–14
(a) 2.48 (b) 5.26 (c) 8.2 (d) 9.6
56. If equilibrium constant of
CH3COOH + H2O  CH3COO– + H3O+ is 1.8 × 10–5, equilibrium constant for
CH3COOH + OH–  CH3COO– + H2O is
(a) 1.8 × 10–9 (b) 1.8 × 109 (c) 5.55 × 10–9 (d) 5.55 × 1010
57. The pKa of a weak acid, HA, is 4.80. The pKb of a weak base, BOH, is 4.78. The pH of an aqueous
solution of the corresponding salt, BA, will be
(a) 8.58 (b) 4.79 (c) 7.01 (d) 9.22
Solubility (S) and Solubility Product (Ksp)
58. The solubility of silver oxalate in 10–2 M potassium oxlalate solution given that KSP of silver
oxalate = 10–10 will be :
(a) 10–5 (b) 5 × 10–5 (c) 10–6 (d) None
–10
59. The solubility product of SrF2 in water is 8 × 10 . Its solubility in 0.1 M NaF aqueous solution will
be
(a) 8 × 10–8 (b) 8 × 10–3 (c) 2.8 × 10–5 (d) None
60. The solubility of BaSO4 when CaSO4 and BaSO4 are dissolved in water simultaneously Ksp of
CaSO4 = p, Ksp of BaSO4 = q and solubility of CaSO4 is ‘b’ mol/litre will be
(a) pq/b (b) bq/p (c) pb/q (d) none
61. Which of the following is most soluble in water?
(a) MnS (Ksp= 8×10–37) (b) ZnS (Ksp= 7×10–16)
(c) Bi2S3 (Ksp= 1×10–72) (d) Ag3(PO4) (Ksp= 1.8×10–18)
62. The precipitate of CaF2(Ksp = 1.7 × 10–10) is obtained when equal volumes of the following are
mixed
(a) 10–4 M Ca2+ + 10–4 M F– (b) 10–2 M Ca2+ + 10–3 M F–
(c) 10–5 M Ca2+ + 10–3 M F– (d) 10–3 M Ca2+ + 10–5 M F–
63. The solubility of AgCl in water, 0.01 M CaCl2, 0.02 M NaCl and 0.05 M AgNO3 are denoted by S1,
S2, S3 and S4 respectively. Which of the following relationship is correct?
(a) S1 > S2 > S3 > S4 (b) S1 = S2 = S3 = S4 (c) S1 > S3 > S2 > S1 (d) S1 > S2 = S3 > S4
64. How many moles of NH3 must be added to 2.0 litre of 0.80 M AgNO3 in order to reduce the Ag+
concentration to 5 × 10–8 M. Kf of [Ag(NH3)2+] = 108
(a) 0.4 (b) 2 (c) 3.52 (d) 4
 7 Ionic Equilibrium
–1
65. If the solubility of lithium sodium hexafluorido aluminate, Li3Na3 (AlF6)2 is ‘s’ mol lit , its solubility product
is equal to :
(a) 729 s8 (b) 12 s8 (c) 3900 s8 (d) 2916 s8
66. The solubility product Mg(OH)2 in water at 25ºC is 2.56 × 10−13(mol/lt)3 while that of Al(OH)3 is 4.32 ×
10−34 (mol/lt)4. If s1 and s2 are the solubilities of Mg(OH)2 and Al(OH)3 in water in mol/lt at 250C, what is
the ratio, s1/s2 ?
(a) 2 × 105 (b) 2 × 104 (c) 3 × 106 (d) 3 × 103
67. The solubility of CaF2 (Ksp = 3.4 × 10–11) in 0.1 M solution of NaF would be
(a) 3.4 × 10–12 M (b) 3.4 × 10–10 M (c) 3.4 × 10–9 M (d) 3.4 × 10–13 M.
68. The solubility of Ag2CO3 in water at 250C is 1 × 10−4 mole/litre. What is its solubility in 0.01 M Na2CO3
solution? Assume no hydrolysis of CO32− ion occurs.
(a) 6 × 10−6 mole/litre (b) 4 × 10−5 mole/litre (c) 10−5 mole /litre (d) 2 × 10−5 mole/litre
69. The solubility product of BaCrO4 is 2.4 × 10–10 M2. The maximum concentration of Ba(NO3)2 possible
without precipitation in a 6 × 10–4 M K2CrO4 solution is
(a) 4 × 10–7 M (b) 1.2 × 1010 M (c) 6 × 10–4 M (d) 3 × 10–4 M.
70. What is the solubility of Al(OH)3, (Ksp = 1 × 10–33) in a buffer solution pH = 4 ?
(a) 10–3 M (b) 10–6 M (c) 10–4 M (d) 10–10 M.
71. The solubility of Fe(OH)3 would be maximum in
(a) 0.1 M NaOH (b) 0.1 M HCl (c) 0.1 M KOH (d) 0.1 M H2SO4.
72. At 25ºC, the solubility product values of AgCl and AgCNS are 1.8 x 10−10 and 1.6 x 10−11 respectively.
When a solution is saturated with both solids, calculate the ratio [Cl−]/[CNS−] and also [Ag+] in the
solution.
(a) 1.125, 4 × 10−6 M (b) 11.25, 1.4 × 10−5 M
(c) 11.25, 4 ×10−5 M (d) 1.25, 4 × 10−6 M
73. What is the minimum pH when Fe(OH)3 starts precipitating from a solution containing 0.1M FeCl3?
Ksp of Fe(OH)3 = 8 × 10–13 M3
(a) 3.7 (b) 5.7 (c) 10.3 (d) 8.3
–10
74. The solubility product of AgCl is 10 . The minimum volume (in L) of water required to dissolve
1.722 mg of AgCl is (molecular weight of AgCl = 143.5).
(a) 10 lt. (b) 2.2 lt. (c) 1.2 lt. (d) 20 lt.
75. Ksp of AgCl is 1.96 × 10 . 100 mL of saturated AgCl solution is titrated with 1 × 10–5 M NH4 SCN.
–10

Volume of 1 × 10–5 M NH4 SCN required precipitate all Ag+ from saturated AgCl solution as AgSCN
is:
(a) 140 mL (b) 260 mL (c) 70 mL (d) 200 mL
76. When equal volumes of the following solutions are mixed, precipitation of AgCl (Ksp = 1.8 × 10–10) will
occur only with:
(a) 10–4 M (Ag+) and 10–4 M (Cl–) (b) 10–5 M (Ag+) and 10–5 M (Cl–)
CHEM ACADEMY 8 Ionic Equilibrium
(c) 10–6 M (Ag+) and 10–6 M (Cl–) (d) 10–10 M (Ag+) and 10–10 M (Cl–)
77. Ksp of MX4 and solubility of MX4 is S mol/litre is related by
(a) S = [Ksp/256]1/5 (b) S = [128 Ksp]1/4 (c) S = [256 Ksp]1/5 (d) S = [Ksp / 128]1/4
78. The best explanation for the solubility of MnS in dilute HCl is that :
(a) Solubility product of MnCl2 is less than that of MnS
(b) Concentration of Mn2+ is lowered by the formation of complex ions with chloride ions
(c) Concentration of sulphide ions is lowered by oxidation to free sulphur
(d) Concentration of sulphide ions is lowered by formation of weak acid H2S
79. Which of the following statements is correct for a solution saturated with AgCl and AgBr if their solubilities
in moles per litre in separate solutions are x and y respectively ?
(a) [Ag+] = x + y (b) [Ag+] = [Br–] + [Cl–]
(c) [Br–] = y (d) [Cl–] > x.
80. 0.2 millimoles of Zn2+ ion is mixed with (NH4)2 S of molarity 0.02 M. The amount of Zn2+ remains
unprecipitated in 20 mL of this solution would be (Given : KSP ZnS = 4 × 10–24)
(a) 5.2 × 10–22 g (b) 2.6 × 10–22 g (c) 2 × 10–23 g (d) none of these
81. Solubility product of silver bromide is 5.0 × 10–13 . This quantity of potassium bromide (molar mass
taken as 120 g mol–1) to be added to 1 litre of 0.05 M solution of silver nitrate to start the precipitation
of AgBr is :
(a) 1.2 × 10–10 g (b) 1.2 × 10–9 g (c) 6.2 × 10–5 g (d) 5.0 × 10–8 g
pH of amphiprotic salts and pH of anions
82. Approximate pH of 0.1 M aqueous H2S solution when K1 and K2 for H2S at 25oC are 1×10–7 and
1.3 × 10–13 respectively :
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 8
83. pH of 0.1M Na2HPO4 and 0.2M NaH2PO4 are respectively : pKa for H3PO4 are 2.2, 7.2 and 12.0.
(a) 4.7, 9.6 (b) 9.6, 4.7 (c) 4.7, 5.6 (d) 5.6, 4.7
84. The first and second dissociation constants of an acid H2A are 1.0 × 10–5 and 5.0 × 10–10 respectively.
The overall dissociation constant of the acid will be
(a) 5.0 × 10–5 (b) 5.0 × 1015 (c) 5.0 × 10–15 (d) 0.2 × 105
85. For ortho phosphoric acid,
H3PO4 (aq) + H2O (aq) H3O+ (aq) + H2 PO−4 (aq) ; Ka1
H2PO4 (aq) + H2O (aq) H3O+ (aq) + HPO24− (aq) ; Ka2
HPO 24− (aq) + H2O (aq) H3O+ (aq) + PO34− (aq) ; Ka3
The correct order of Ka values is :
(a) K a1 > K a 2 < K a3 (b) K a1 < K a 2 < K a3 (c) K a1 > K a 2 > K a3 (d) K a1 < K a 2 > K a3
86. Approximate pH of 0.1 M aqueous H2S solution when K1 and K2 for H2S at 25oC are 1×10–7 and
1.3 × 10–13 respectively :
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 8
 9 Ionic Equilibrium
87. pH of 0.1M Na2HPO4 and 0.2M NaH2PO4 are respectively : pKa for H3PO4 are 2.2, 7.2 and 12.0.
(a) 4.7, 9.6 (b) 9.6, 4.7 (c) 4.7, 5.6 (d) 5.6, 4.7
88. Pure water is added into the following solutions causing a 10% increase in volume of each. The greatest %
change in pH would be observed in which case (a), (b), (c) or (d) ?
(a) 0.1 M NaHCO3 (b) 0.2 M NaOH
(c) 0.3 M NH3 – 0.2 M NH4+ system (d) 0.4 M CH3COONH4
–
89. Three reactions involving H2PO4 are given below :
(i) H3PO4 + H2O → H3O+ + H2PO4– (ii) H2PO4– + H2O → HPO42– + H3O+
(iii) H2PO4– + OH– → H3PO4 + O2–
In which of the above does H2PO4– act as an acid ?
(a) (ii) only (b) (i) and (ii) (c) (iii) only (d) (i) only
90. In aqueous solution the ionization constants for carbonic acid are
K1 = 4.2 × 10–7 and K2 = 4.8 × 10–11
Select the correct statement for a saturated 0.034 M solution of the carbonic acid.
(a) The concentration of CO32– is 0.034 M.
(b) The concentration of CO32– is greater than that of HCO3–.
(c) The concentration of H+ and HCO3– are approximately equal.
(d) The concentration of H+ is double that of CO32–.
91. If K1 & K2 be first and second ionisation constant of H3PO4 and K1 >> K2 which is incorrect.

(a) [H+] = [ H 2 PO −4 ] (b) [H+] = K1[ H 3PO 4 ] (c) K2 = [HPO −4 − ] (d) [H+] = 3[PO34− ]

EXERCISE - II
One or More Than One Correct Answer Type
1. Out of the following, amphiprotic species is are
(I) HPO32– (II) OH– (III) H2PO4– (IV) HCO3–
(a) I (b) II (c) III (d) IV
2. If K1 & K2 be first and second ionisation constant of H3PO4 and K1 >> K2 which is correct.
(a) [H + ] = [H 2 PO 4− ] (b) [H + ] = K1[H 3 PO 4 ]
(c) K2 = [HPO4–] (d) [H+] = 3[PO43–]
3. Degree of hydrolysis for a salt of strong acid and weak base is
(a) independent of dilution (b) increases with dilution
(c) increases with decrease in Kb of the bases
(d) decreases with decrease in temperature.
4. A solution containing a mixture of 0.05 M NaCl and 0.05 M NaI is taken (Ksp of AgCl = 10–10 and Ksp of
AgI =4×10–16 ). When AgNO3 is added to such a solution.
(a) the concentration of Ag+ required to precipitate Cl– = 2 ×10–9 mol/L.
CHEM ACADEMY 10 Ionic Equilibrium
(b) the concentration of Ag+ required to precipitate I– = 8 × 10–15 mol/L.
(c) AgCl and AgI will be precipitated together.
(d) first AgI will be precipitated.
5. Choose the correct statement
(a) pH of acidic buffer solution decrease if more salt is added.
(b) pH of acidic buffer solution increases if more salt is added.
(c) pH of basic buffer decreases if more salt is added.
(d) pH of basic buffer increases if more salt is added.
6. Which of following can act as buffer ?
(a) NaCl + NaOH (b) Borax + Boric acid
(c) NaH2PO4 + Na2HPO4 (d) NH4Cl + NH4OH.
7. Which of the following will show common ion effect and form a buffer solution ?
(a) CH3COONH4 and CH3COOH (b) NH4Cl + NH4OH
(c) H2SO4 + NaHSO4 (d) NaCl + NaOH.
8. If Ka1 and Ka2 of H2SO4 are 10–2 and 10–6 respectively then
(a) Ka1 > Ka2 because it is easy to abstract H+ from H2SO4 and less easy to abstract H+ from HSO4–
(b) Ka1and Ka2 may be measured in acetic acid.
(c) Ka1 and Ka2 are measured in H2O.
(d) the H+ ion conc. of 0.01 M H2SO4 will be less than 0.02 M.
9. Equal volumes of following solutions are mixed, in which case the pH of resulting solution will be average
value of pH of two solutions.
(a) Aqeous HCl of pH = 2, aqueous NaOH of pH = 12
(b) Aqeous HCl of pH = 2, aqueous HCl of pH = 4
(c) Aqeous NaOH of pH = 12, aqueous NaOH of pH = 10
(d) Aqeous CH3COOH of pH = 5, aqueous NH3 of pH = 9. [Ka (CH3COOH) = Kb (NH3)]
10. 100 ml of 0.5M hydrazoic acid (HN3, Ka = 3.6 x 10−4) and 400ml of 0.1M cyanic acid (HOCN, Ka = 8
x 10−4) are mixed. which of the following is (are) true for the final solution?
(a) [H+] = 10−2 M (b) [N3−] = 3.6 x 10−3 M
(c) [OCN−] = 6.4 x 10−3 M (d) [H+] = 1.4 x 10−2 M
11. Ka values for HA, HB and HD are 10-5, 10-7 and 10-9 respectively. Which of the following will be correct
for decimolar aqueous solutions of NaA, NaB and NaD at 250C?
(a) (pH)NaA < (pH)NaB (b) (pH)NaD < (pH)NaB
(c) (pH)NaA < (pH)NaD (d) (pH)NaB = 7
12. When 0.1 mol arsenic acids (H3AsO4) is dissolved in 1L buffer solution of pH = 8, which of the following
hold good? For arsenic acid K1 = 2.5 x 10−4, K2 = 5 x 10−8, K3 = 2 x 10−13. [‘<<’ sign denotes that the
high concentration is at least more than 100 times the lower one]
 11 Ionic Equilibrium
− − 2−
(a) [H3AsO4] << [H2AsO ] 4
(b) [H2AsO ] << [HAsO ]
4 4
−
(c) [HAsO42−] << [H2AsO ] 4
(d) [AsO43−] << [HAsO ]
4
2−

13. Which of the following mixtures will act as buffer ?

(a) H2CO3 + NaOH (1.5 : 1 molar ratio) (b) H2CO3 + NaOH (1.5 : 2 molar ratio)
(c) NH4OH + HCl (5 : 4 molar ratio) (d) NH4OH + HCl (4 : 5 molar ratio)
14. Which of the following statements are correct at 25°C.
(a) pKa for H3O+ is 15.74 (b) pKw of H2O = 10–14
(c) pKa + pKb = pKw for HCl & ClOH(d) degree of dissociation of water is 1.8 × 10–9
15. In which of the following solutions, the solubility of AgCN will be greater than that in pure water :
Given Ksp(AgCN) = 4 × 10–16 , Ka (HCN) = 5 × 10–10
(a) 0.01 M Ag NO3 solution (b) A buffer solution of pH = 12
(c) 0.2 M NH3 solution (d) A buffer solution of pH = 5
16. Which of the following is incorrect statement.
(a) If K1 and K2 for dissociation of H2A is 10–7 and 10–14 then A2– concentration in 0.1 M H2A solution is
10–7
(b) A solution of pH = 1 has H+ ion concentration 3 times than that of a solution of pH = 3
(c) If a salt solution of weak acid & weak base is diluted upto limited extent then its pH will decrease
(d) pH of acidic buffer solution depends upon pKa and relative molar amount of weak acid and its conjugate
base.
17. The solubility of a sparingly soluble salt Ax By in water at 25ºC = 1.4 × 10–4 M. The solubility product is
1.1 × 10–11. The possibilities are
(a) x = 1, y = 2 (b) x = 2, y = 1 (c) x = 1, y = 3 (d) x = 3, y = 1
18. pOH of H2O is 7.0 at 298 K . If water is heated at 350 K, which of the following statement is incorrect
(a) pOH will decrease. (b) pOH will increase.
(c) pOH will remain 7.0.
(d) concentration of H+ ions will increase but that of OH− will decrease.
19. When 0.1 mole solid NaOH is added in 1lt of 0.1 M NH3(aq) then which statement is right
(Kb = 2 × 10–5, log 2 = 0.3)
(a) degree of dissociation of NH3 approaches to zero.
(b) change in pH by adding NaOH would be 1.85
(c) In solution, [Na+] = 0.1 M, [NH3] = 0.1 M, [OH–] = 0.2 M.
(d) on addition of OH–, Kb of NH3 does not changes.
20. Degree of hydrolysis for a salt of strong acid and weak base is
(a) independent of dilution (b) increases with dilution
(c) increases with decrease in Kb of the bases (d) decreases with decrease in temperature.
21. Which of the following is/are correct regarding buffer solution?
(a) It contains weak acid and its conjugate base
CHEM ACADEMY 12 Ionic Equilibrium
(b) It contains weak base and its conjugate acid
(c) It shows large change in pH on adding small amount of acid or base.
(d) All of the above.
22. A solution containing a mixture of 0.05 M NaCl and 0.05 M NaI is taken (Ksp of AgCl = 10–10 and Ksp of
AgI =4×10–16 ). When AgNO3 is added to such a solution.
(a) the concentration of Ag+ required to precipitate Cl– = 2 ×10–9 mol/L.
(b) the concentration of Ag+ required to precipitate I– = 8 × 10–15 mol/L.
(c) AgCl and AgI will be precipitated together.
(d) first AgI will be precipitated.
23. The salt having pH independent of its concentration is are :
1. (CH3COO)C5H5NH 2. NaH2PO4 3. Na2HPO4 4.NH4CN
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
24. Choose the correct statement
(a) pH of acidic buffer solution decrease if more salt is added.
(b) pH of acidic buffer solution increases if more salt is added.
(c) pH of basic buffer decreases if more salt is added.
(d) pH of basic buffer increases if more salt is added.
25. 100 ml of 0.5M hydrazoic acid (HN3, Ka = 3.6 x 10−4) and 400ml of 0.1M cyanic acid (HOCN, Ka = 8
x 10−4) are mixed. which of the following is (are) true for the final solution?
(a) [H+] = 10−2 M (b) [N3−] = 3.6 x 10−3 M
(c) [OCN−] = 6.4 x 10−3 M (d) [H+] = 1.4 x 10−2 M
26. A solution of pH = 6.5 can be
(a) Acidic (b) basic (c) neutral (d) None of these
27. In which of the following solutions, the solubility of AgCN will be greater than that in pure water :
Given Ksp(AgCN) = 4 × 10–16 , Ka (HCN) = 5 × 10–10
(a) 0.01 M Ag NO3 solution (b) A buffer solution of pH = 12
(c) 0.2 M NH3 solution (d) A buffer solution of pH = 5
28. Which of the following is incorrect statement.
(a) If K1 and K2 for dissociation of H2A is 10–7 and 10–14 then A2– concentration in 0.1 M H2A solution is
10–7
(b) A solution of pH = 1 has H+ ion concentration 3 times than that of a solution of pH = 3
(c) If a salt solution of weak acid & weak base is diluted upto limited extent then its pH will decrease
(d) pH of acidic buffer solution depends upon pKa and relative molar amount of weak acid and its conjugate
base.
29. 0.1 M CH3COOH is diluted at 25°C (Ka= 1.8×10–5), then which of the following will be found correct
(a) [H+] will increase (b) pH will increase
 13 Ionic Equilibrium
(c) number of H+ will increase (d) all the above are correct
30. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct ?
(a) the pH of 1.0 × 10−8 M solution of HCl is 8
(b) the conjugate base of H2PO4− is HPO42−
(c) autoprotolysis constant of water increases with temperature
(d) when a solution of a weak monoprotic acid is titrated against a strong base, at half−neutralization point
pH = (1/2) pKa .
31. A 2.5 gm impure sample containing weak monoacidic base (Mol. wt. = 45) is dissolved in 100 ml water
th
1
and titrated with 0.5 M HCl when   of the base was neutralised the pH was found to be 9 and at
5
equivalent point pH of solution is 4.5 . Given : All data at 25°C & log 2 = 0.3.
Select correct statement(s) .
(a) Kb of base is less than 10–6
(b) Concentration of salt (C) at equivalent point is 0.25 M
(c) Volume of HCl is used at equivalent point is 100 ml
(d) Weight percentage of base in given sample is 80%.
32. Which of the following is true for alkaline aqueous solution?
pk w pk w
(a) pH > (b) pH > pOH (c) pOH < (d) pH < pOH
2 2
EXERCISE - III
Numerical Answer Type
1. What will be the resultant pH when 150 mL of an aqueous solution of HCl (pH = 2.0) is mixed with
350 mL of an aqueous solution of NaOH (pH = 12.0)?
2. Calculate pH of (a) 10–1 M CH3COOH (b) 10–3 M CH3COOH (c) 10–6 M CH3COOH.
Take Ka = 2 × 10–5
3. Ka for acid HA is 2.5 × 10–8 calculate for its decimolar solution at 25ºC.
(i) % dissociation (ii) pH (iii) OH– ion concentration
4. Calculate pH of solution obtained by mixing equal vol. of 0.02 M HOCl & 0.2 M CH3COOH
solution given that
K a1 (HOCl) = 2 ×10−4 K a 2 (CH3COOH) = 2 ×10−5
also calculate OH–, OCl–, CH3COO–
5. Calculate [H+] in a solution containing 0.1 M HCOOH and 0.1 M HOCN. Ka for HCOOH and HOCN
are 1.8 × 10–4 and 3.3 × 10–4.
6. Calculate
(i) Ka for H2O (Kw = 10–14)
(ii) Kb for B(OH)4– , Ka (B(OH)3) = 6 × 10–10
CHEM ACADEMY 14 Ionic Equilibrium
1
7. Calculate the ratio of degree of dissociation (α2/α1) when 1 M acetic acid solution is diluted to times.
100
[Given Ka=1.8 × 10–5]
8. Calculate pH of following solutions :
(a) 0.1 M HCl (b) 0.1 M H2SO4 (50 ml) + 0.4 M HCl 50 (ml)
(c) 0.1 M CH3COOH (Ka= 1.8 × 10 ) –5 (d) 0.1 M NH4OH (Kb= 1.8 × 10–5)
(e) 10–8 M HCl (f) 10–10 M NaOH
(g) 10–6 M CH3COOH (h) 10–8 M CH3COOH
(i) 0.1 M HA + 0.1 M HB [ Ka (HA) = 2 × 10–5 ; Ka (HB) = 4 × 10–5 ]
(j) Decimolar solution of Baryta (Ba(OH)2), diluted 100 times.
(k) 10–3 mole of KOH dissolved in 100 L of water.
(l) 0.5 M HCl (25 ml) + 0.5 M NaOH (10 ml) + 40 ml H2O
(m) equal volume of HCl solution (PH = 4) + 0.0019 N HCl solution
9. Determine [OH–] of a 0.050 M solution of ammonia to which has been added sufficient NH4Cl to make
the total [ NH +4 ] equal to 0.100.[ K b ( NH3 ) =1.8 × 10–5]
10. Calculate the amount of (NH4)2SO4 in grams which must be added to 500ml of 0.2 M NH3 to give a
Solution of pH =9.3. Given pKb for NH3 = 4.7
11. The pH of a blood stream is maintained by a proper balance of H2CO3 and NaHCO3. What volume of 5
M NaHCO3 Solution should be mixed with 10ml of a sample of Solution which is 2.5 M in H2CO3
(assume no NaHCO3), in order to maitain a pH = 7.4.(pKa for H2CO3 = 6.7, log 2 = 0.3)
12. Calculate the buffer capacity of 1lt of
(i) 0.1M CH3COOH and 0.1M CH3COONa
(ii) 0.2M CH3COOH and 0.2M CH3COONa
pKa CH3COOH = 4.74
which will be a better buffer?
13. 20 mL of 0.2 M NaOH are added to 50 mL of 0.2 M acetic acid (Ka = 1.8 × 10–5).
(1) What is pH of solution ?
(2) Calculate volume of 0.2 M NaOH required to make the pH of solution 4.74.
14. Calculate the amount of NH3 and NH4CI required to prepare a buffer Solution of pH 9. when total
concentration of buffering reagents is 0.6 mol litre–1. pKb for NH3 = 4.7, log 2 = 0.30
15. A buffer of pH 9.26 is made by dissolving x moles of ammonium sulphate and 0.1 mole of ammonia
into 100 mL solution. If pKb of ammonia is 4.74, calculate value of x.
16. Calculate the pH of a solution made by mixing 50.0 ml of 0.2M NH4Cl & 75.0 ml of 0.1 M NaOH.
[ Kb (NH3 ) = 1.8 × 10 −5 ]
17. A solution was made up to be 0.01 M in chloroacetic acid, ClCH2COOH and also 0.002 M in sodium
chloroacetate ClCH2COONa . What is [H+] in the solution ? Ka = 1.5 × 10−3.
18. What is the OH− concentration of a 0.08 M solution of CH3COONa. [Ka(CH3COOH)=1.8 × 10−5]
 15 Ionic Equilibrium
19. CH3COOH (50 ml, 0.1 M) is titrated against 0.1 M NaOH solution. Calculate the pH at the addition of 0
ml, 10 ml 20 ml, 25 ml, 40 ml, 50 ml of NaOH. Ka of CH3COOH is 2 × 10–5.
20. The acid ionization constant for
Zn2+ + H2O  Zn(OH)+ + H+
is 1.0 × 10–9. Calculate the pH of 0.10 M solution of ZnCl2. Also calculate basic dissociation constant of
Zn(OH)+.
21. Find out pH, h (degree of hydrolysis) and [OH–] of milli molar solution of KCN 10–3 M, if the dissociation
constant of HCN is 10–7.
22. Calculate the pH and h (degree of hydrolysis) of 0.01 M solution of NaCN, Ka for HCN is
6.2 × 10–12.
23. Calculate the pH of a 2.0 M solution of NH4Cl. [Kb (NH3) = 1.8 × 10−5]
24. Calculate the percent hydrolysis in a 0.0100 M solution of KCN.(Ka= 6.2 ×10–10)
25. Calculate OH– concentration at the equivalent point when a solution of 0.1 M acetic acid is titrated
with a solution of 0.1 M NaOH. Ka for the acid = 1.9 × 10–5.
26. Calculate the pH at the equivalence point in a titration of 50.0 mL of 0.40 M NH3 with 0.40M HCl.
27. The equivalent point in a titration of 40.0 mL of a solution of a weak monoprotic acid occurs when
35.0 mL of a 0.10M NaOH solution has been added. The pH of the solution is 5.75 after the addition
of 20.0 mL of NaOH solution. What is the dissociation constant of the acid?
28. A weak base (50.0mL) was titrated with 0.1 M HCl. The pH of the solution after the addition of
10.0 mL and 25.0 mL were found to be 9.84 and 9.24, respectively. Calculate Kb of the base and pH
at the equivalence point.
29. Calculate Ksp of Li3Na3 [AlF6]2
30. Calculate Ksp of Mg3(PO4)2
31. Calculate simultaneous solubility of silverthiocyanate and sliver bromide in water given that Ksp1
of silver thiocyanate = 10 – 12 and Ksp2 of silver bromide = 5×10–13 respectively.
32. What [H+] must be maintained in a saturated H2S (0.1 M) to precipitate CdS but not ZnS, if
[Cd2+] = [Zn2+] = 0.1 initially ?
Ksp (CdS) = 8 × 10–27 ; Ksp (ZnS) = 1 × 10–21 ; Ka (H2S) = 1.1 × 10–21
33. Calculate the solubility of Mg(OH)2 in water. Ksp= 1.2 × 10–11.
34. Calculate solubility of AgCN
(i) Neglecting hydrolysis (ii) Considering hydrolysis
(iii) In a Buffer solution of pH = 3
[Given: Ksp = 10–16]
35. What is the solubility (in mol/L) of Fe(OH)3 in a solution of pH= 8.0? [Ksp for Fe(OH)3 =1.0×10–36]
36. Calculate the solubility of A2X3 in pure water, assuming that neither kind of ion reacts with water. For
A2X3, [Ksp = 1.1 × 10–23]
37. Calculate solubility of AgCN (Ksp = 4 × 10–16) in a buffer solution of PH = 3.
38. Calculate the Simultaneous solubility of AgSCN and AgBr. K sp (AgSCN) = 1.1 × 10 –12,
CHEM ACADEMY 16 Ionic Equilibrium
Ksp(AgBr) = 5 × 10–13.
39. Equal volumes of 0.02M AgNO3 and 0.02M HCN were mixed. Calculate [Ag+] at equilibrium . Take
Ka(HCN) = 9 × 10–10, Ksp (AgCN) = 4 × 10–16.
40. How much AgBr could dissolve in 1.0 L of 0.40 M NH3 ? Assume that Ag(NH3)2+ is the only complex
formed.[Kf ( Ag( NH3 ) +2 ) = 1 ×108 ; Ksp (AgBr) = 5 ×10–13]
41. Silver ion forms Ag(CN)2¯ in the presence of excess CN¯. How much solid KCN should be added to 1
litre of a 0.0009 M Ag+ solution in order to reduce [Ag+] to 1 × 10–19. [Kdiss of Ag(CN)2¯ = 1 × 10–21]
42. 0.1 M each of Cl–, Br– and I– are present in a container and Ag+ is added to the container
(i) What is the preference of precipitation of AgCl, AgBr, AgI
(ii) What are the concentration of each ion in solution at the starting of precipitation of different salt.
[Given: Ksp AgCl = 10–10, Ksp AgBr = 10–12, Ksp AgI = 10–14]
43. 0.2 moles of MgCl2(s) is mixed with 0.2 moles of NaOH(s) in a total volume of 1.0 litre.
(log2 = 0.3, log3 = 0.48)
(a) Calculate pH of this solution. Ksp of Mg(OH)2 is 1.6 × 10–12 .
(b) Also determine pH when 0.04 moles of NaOH(s) is added in the solution (a).
(c) Also determine pH of solution obtained after adding 0.04 mole of HCl(g) to solution (a).
44. Calculate the concentrations of all species of significant concentrations present in 0.1 M H3PO4
solution. K1 = 7.5 × 10–3, K2 = 6.2 × 10–8, K3 = 3.6 × 10–13.
45. A solution contains 0.1 M H2S and 0.3 M HCI. Calculate the conc. of S2– and HS– ions in solution.
Given Ka1 and Ka2 for H2S are 10–7 and 1.3 × 10–13 respectively.
46. Determine the [S2−] in a saturated (0.1M) H2S solution to which enough HCl has been added to
produce a [H+] of 2 × 10−4 . K1 = 10−7 , K2 = 10−14.
47. Calculate [H+], [H2PO4− ], [HPO42−] and [PO43−] in a 0.01M solution of H3PO4.
Take K1 = 7.225 × 10−3, K2 = 6.8 × 10−8 , K3 = 4.5 × 10−13.

48. What are the concentrations of H+, HSO −4 , SO 24− and H2SO4 in a 0.20 M solution of sulphuric
acid ?
Given :H2SO4 ⎯→ H+ + HSO −4 ; strong

HSO −4 H+ + SO 24− ; K2 = 1.3 × 10–2 M

49. What are the concentration of H+, H2C2O4, HC 2O −4 and C 2 O 24− in a 0.1 M solution of oxalic
acid ?
[K1 = 5.9 ×10–2 M and K2 = 6.4 × 10–5 M ]

EXERCISE - IV
Previous Year Questions
 17 Ionic Equilibrium
IIT-JAM Previous Year Questions
1. At 25ºC, the solubility product (Ksp) of CaF2 in water is 3.2 × 10–11. The solubility (in mole per kg of
water) of the salt at the same temperature (ignore ion pairing) is
(a) 4.0 × 10–6 (b) 3.2 × 10–4 (c) 2.5 × 10–4 (d) 2.0 × 10–4
2. At 298 K 0.1 mol of ammonium acetate and 0.14 mol of acetic acid are dissolved in 1 L of water. The pH
of the resulting solution is
[Given: pKa of acetic acid is 4.75]
(a) 4.9 (b) 4.6 (c) 4.3 (d) 2.3
3. The minimum concentration of silver ions that is required to start the precipitation of Ag2S (Ksp = 1 × 10–
51) in a 0.1 M solution of S2– is

(a) 1 × 10–49 M (b) 1 × 10–50 M (c) 1 × 10–26 M (d) 1 × 10–25 M

4. The hydrolysis constant (Kh) of NH4Cl is 5.6 × 10–10. The concentration of H3O+ in a 0.1 M solution of
NH4Cl at equilibrium is

(a) 5.6 ×10−11 (b) 5.6 ×10−10 (c) 5.6 × 10–10 (d) 2.8 × 10–5
5. The acid dissociation constant (Ka) for HCOOH, CH3COOH, CH2ClCOOH and HCN at 25ºC are 1.8
× 10–4, 1.8 × 10–5, 1.4 × 10–3 and 4.8 × 10–10, respectively. The acid that gives highest pH at the
equivalence point when 0.2 M solution of each acid is titrated with a 0.2 M solution of sodium
hydroxide is
(a) HCOOH (b) CH3COOH (c) CH2ClCOOH (d) HCN
6. If Ksp is the solubility product of a sparingly soluble salt A3X2, then its solubility is
(a) (Ksp/108)1/5 (b) (Ksp)1/5 (c) (Ksp/72)1.5 (d) (Ksp)1/2
7. Solubility product constant (Ksp) of slats of types MX, MX2 and M3X at temperature ‘T’ are
4.0 ×10–8, 3.2 × 10–14 and 2.7 × 10–15, respectively. Solubilities (mol dm–3) of the salts at temperature
‘T’ are in the order
(a) MX > MX2 > M3X (b) M3X > MX2 > MX
(c) MX2 > M3X > MX (d) MX > M3X > MX2
8. The pH of a 1 × 10–8 M HCl solution is close to
(a) 8.0 (b) 7.1 (c) 6.9 (d) 6.0
9. The pH of a 1.0 × 10–3 M solution of weak acid HA is 4.0. The acid dissociation constant Ka is
(a) 1.0 × 10–3 (b) 1.0 × 10–4 (c) 1.0 × 10–5 (d) 2.0 × 10–5
10. The pH of the solution prepared from 0.005 mole of Ba(OH)2 in 100 cc water is
(a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 11 (d) 13
11. The pKa values of H3PO4 are 2.12, 7.21 and 12.67. The pH of a phosphate buffer containing 0.2 M
NaH2PO4 and 0.1 M Na2HPO4 is _____.
12. A 50 mL solution of 0.1 M monoprotic acid (Ka = 1 × 10–5 at 298 K) is titrated with 0.1 M NaOH at
298 K. Calculate the (H+) of the solution after the addition of 50 mL of NaOH at this temperature.
(given: Kw = 1 × 10–14 at 298 K).
CHEM ACADEMY 18 Ionic Equilibrium
13. Calculate the pH of a solution obtained by mixing 50.00 mL of 0.20 M weak acid HA (Ka = 10–5) and
50.00 mL of 0.20 M NaOH at room temperature.
IIT-JEE Previous Year Questions
14. 0.1 mole of CH3NH2 (Kb = 5 × 10–4) is mixed with 0.08 mole of HCl and diluted to one litre. What will be
the H+ concentration in the solution? What will be the H+ concentration in the solution?
(a) 8 × 10–2 M (b) 8 × 10–11 M (c) 1.6 × 10–11 M (d) 8 × 10–5 M
15. Select the correct alternative .
If pKb for fluoride ion at 25° C is 10.83, the ionisation constant of hydrofluoric acid in water at this
temperature is :
(a) 1.74 × 10−5 (b) 3.52 × 10−3 (c) 6.75 × 10−4 (d) 5.38 × 10−2
16. The solubility of A2X3 is y mol dm–3. Its solubility product is
(a) 6 y2 (b) 64 y4 (c) 36 y5 (d) 108 y5
17. The pH of 0.1 M solution of the following salts increases in the order
(a) NaCl < NH4Cl < NaCN < HCl (b) HCl < NH4Cl < NaCl < NaCN
(c) NaCN < NH4Cl < NaCl < HCl (d) HCl < NaCl < NaCN < NH4Cl
18. An aqueous solution of 6.3 g oxalic acid dihydrate is made up to 250 mL. The volume of 0.1 N
NaOH required to completely neutralise 10 mL of this solution is
(a) 40 mL (b) 20 mL (c) 10 mL (d) 4 mL
19. For sparingly soluble salt ApBq, the relationship of its solubility product (Ls) with its solubility (S)
is
(a) Ls = Sp+q, pp. qq (b) Ls = Sp+q, pp. qp (c) Ls = Spq, pp. qq (d) Ls = Spq, (p.q)p+q
20. A solution which is 10 –3 M each in Mn2+, Fe2+, Zn2+ and Hg2+ is treated with 10–16M sulphide ion.
If Ksp, MnS, FeS, ZnS and HgS are 10–15, 10–23, 10–20 and 10–54 respectively, which one will precipitate
first?
(a) FeS (b) MnS (c) HgS (d) ZnS
21. –5
HX is a weak acid (Ka = 10 ). It forms a salt NaX (0.1 M) on reacting with caustic soda. The degree
of hydrolysis of NaX is
(a) 0.01% (b) 0.0001% (c) 0.1% (d) 0.5%
22. 2.5 mL of 2/5 M weak monoacidic base (Kb = 1 × 10–12 at 25°C) is titrated with 2/15 M HCl in water
at 25°C. The concentration of H+ at equivalence point is (Kw = 1 × 10–14 at 25°C)
(a) 3.7 × 10–13 M (b) 3.2 × 10–7 M (c) 3.2 × 10–2 M (d) 2.7 × 10–2 M
23. A sample of AgCl was treated with 5.00 ml of 1.5 M Na2CO3 solution to give Ag2CO3. The remaining
solution contained 0.0026 g of Cl− per litre . Calculate the solubility product of AgCl.
(Ksp Ag2CO3 = 8.2 × 10−12)
24. Given : Ag(NH3)2+ Ag+ + 2 NH3 , Kc = 6.2 × 10−8 & Ksp of AgCl = 1.8 × 10−10 at 298 K .
Calculate the concentration of the complex in 1.0 M aqueous ammonia .
25. What will be the resultant pH when 200 ml of an aqueous solution of HCl (pH = 2.0) is mixed with
300 ml of an aqueous solution of NaOH (pH = 12.0) ?
 19 Ionic Equilibrium
26. The solubility of Pb(OH)2 in water is 6.7 × 10−6M. Calculate the solubility of Pb(OH)2 in a buffer solution
of pH = 8.
27. 500 ml of 0.2 M aqueous solution of acetic acid is mixed with 500 mL of 0.2 M HCl at 25°C.
Calculate the degree of dissociation of acetic acid in the resulting solution.
[Ka of acetic acid = 1.8 × 10–5]
28. Will the pH of water be same at 4°C and 25°C ? Explain.
29. 50 mL 0.2 M of HA is titrated with 0.2 M NaOH, calculate the pH at end point. Given
Ka(HA) = 5 × 10–6 and α << 1.
CHEM ACADEMY 20 Ionic Equilibrium

ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE - I
1. b 2. b 3. b 4. c 5. c 6. d 7. b
8. b 9. b 10. d 11. d 12. d 13. b 14. b
15. c 16. c 17. b 18. d 19. c 20. b 21. b
22. c 23. b 24. c 25. d 26. c 27. d 28. d
29. c 30. a 31. d 32. a 33. b 34. a 35. c
36. c 37. c 38. b 39. b 40. a 41. d 42. a
43. b 44. d 45. d 46. b 47. c 48. d 49. c
50. d 51. b 52. d 53. a 54. b 55. a 56. b
57. c 58. b 59. a 60. b 61. d 62. b 63. d
64. d 65. d 66. b 67. c 68. c 69. a 70. a
71. d 72. b 73. c 74. c 75. a 76. a 77. a
78. d 79. b 80. a 81. b 82. a 83. b 84. c
85. c 86. a 87. b 88. b 89. a 90. c 91. d
EXERCISE - II
1. c,d 2. a,b,c 3. b,c,d 4. a,b,d 5. b,c 6. b,c,d 7. a,b
8. a,b 9. a,d 10. a,b 11. a,c 12. a,d 13. a,b,c 14. d
15. c,d 16. a,b,c 17. a,b 18. b,c,d 19. a,b,d 20. b,c,d 21. a,b
22. a,b,d 23. a,b,c,d 24. b,c 25. a,b 26. a,b,c 27. c,d 28. a,b,c
29. b,c 30. b,c 31. b,c 32. a,b,c
EXERCISE - III
1. 11.60 2. (a) 2.85 (b) 3.8 (c) 6.022
–10
3. (i) 0.05% (ii) 4.30 (iii) 2 × 10 mol/L
4. pH = 2.69, [OH–] = 5 × 10–12, [OCl–] = 1 × 10–3, [CH3COO–] = 1 × 10–3.
5. 7.13 × 10–3 M 6. (i) 1.8 × 10–16, (ii) 1.66 × 10–5
7. 10
8. (a) +1, (b) 0.522, (c) 2.87, (d) 11.13 (e) 6.97, (f) 7, (g) 6.01, (h) 6.97, (i) 2.61, (j) 11.30 (k) 9 (l) 1 , (m)
3
9. [OH–] = 9.0 ×10–6 10. 6.6 gm
11. V = 25 ml
12. (i) 0.11515 (ii) 0.2303, Hence Second buffer Solution will be better buffer.
13. (1) pH = 4.57 (2) V = 25 mL 14. [Salt] = 0.4 M and [Base] = 0.2 M
15. 0.05 mol 16. 9.7324
17. [H+]= 7.5×10-3 18. [OH-] = 6.664 × 10-6
19. (i) 2.85, (ii) 4.0969, (iii) 4.5229, (iv) 4.699, (v) 5.301, (vi) 8.699
 21 Ionic Equilibrium
–2 – –5
20. pH = 3 21. pH = 9, h = 10 , [OH ] = 10
22. pH = 11.6020, h = 4 × 1011. 23. pH = 4.477
24. 4.0% 25. 5.12 ×10–6 M
26. 4.98 27. 2.37×10–6
28. Kb = 1.8 × 10–5, 5.27 29. Ksp = 33.33.22.(s)8 = 36.4 (s)8 = 2916 s8
30. 108 s5 31. SAgSCN = 8.16 ×10–7 M, SAgBr = 4.08 × 10–7 M
32. [H+] ≥ 0.105 33. 1.4 ×10–4
34. (i) 10–8 (ii) 2.7 × 10–7 (iii) 3.1 × 10–5 35. 1.0 × 10–18 M
36. 1.0×10–5 mol/lit 37. 2.1 × 10–5
38. 4 × 10–7mol/L AgBr, 9 × 10–7 mol/L AgSCN
39. [Ag+] = 6.667 × 10–5M 40. 2.8 × 10–3 M
41. 4.8 × 10–3 mol
42. (i) AgI > AgBr > AgCl (AgI will precipitate first)
(ii) When AgI starts precipitating, [Ag+] = 10–13, [I–] = 10–1, [Cl–] = 10–1, [Br–] = 10–1
When AgBr starts precipitating, [Ag+] = 10–11, [I–] = 10–3, [Cl–] = 10–1, [Br–] = 10–1
When AgCl starts precipitating, [Ag+] = 10–9, [I–] = 10–5, [Cl–] = 10–1, [Br–] = 10–3
43. (a) 8.6, (b) 8.65, (c) 8.56
44. [H+] = 0.024 M, [H2PO4–] = 0.024 M, [H3PO4 ] = 0.1 – 0.024 = 0.076 M, [HPO42–] = 6.2 × 10–8 M,
[PO43–] = 9.3 × 10–19 M
45. [S2–] = 1.43 × 10–19 M, [HS–] = 3.3 × 10–8 M.
46. [S2-] = 2.5 × 10-15
47. [H+] = [H2PO4-] = 5.623 × 10-3, [HPO42-] = 6.8 × 10-8, [PO43-] = 5.441 × 10-18
48. [H+] = 0.2116 M, [HSO4–] = 0.1884 M, [SO42–] 0.0116 M, [H2SO4] = 0 M

49. [H+] = 0.0528 M, [H2C2O4]= 0.0472 M, [ HC 2O −4 ] = 0.0528 M, [ C 2O 24− ] = 0.000064 M

EXERCISE - IV
1. d 2. b 3. d 4. a 5. c 6. a 7. d
8. c 9. c 10. d 11. 6.9 to 7.0 12. 10–8.85
13. pH = 9
14. b 15. c 16. d 17. b 18. a 19. a 20. b
21. a 22. d
23. 1.71 × 10–10 24. [Ag(NH3)2+] = 0.0539
25. pH = 11.3010 26. S = 1.203 × 10-3M
27. 0.018%
28. No, pH will be > 7 because Kw is a function of a temperature and as temperature increases Kw
increases. Since ΔH = +ve
29. pH = 9.15