World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Manisha et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical

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Volume 6, Issue 14, 575-583. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105

FAUNAL DIVERSITY OF FISH SPECIES FROM NAKANA LAKE,

DISTRICT-DHULE (MS) INDIA

Manisha U. Patil*1, M. G. Ragunathan2 and K. D. Ahirrao3

1
Department of Zoology, V. U. Patil Arts, and Late Dr. B. S. Desale Science College, Sakri,
Dist.-Dhule 424304.
2
Dept. of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Guru Nanak College, Chennai-600042,
India.
3
Dept of Zoology, Rani Laxmibai College, Parola, Dist-Jalgaon 425 111 India.

ABSTRACT
Article Received on
12 September 2017,
The aim of this study was to reveal the faunastic diversity of fish
Revised on 03 Oct. 2017, species from Nakana lake, during May, 2015 to Apr., 2016. Total 15
Accepted on 24 Oct. 2017
species were recorded. These belonged to 4 order, 6 families and 14
DOI: 10.20959/wjpr201714-9928
genera. The order Cypriniformes was found to be dominated by 8
species including Amblypharingodon mola, Catla catla, Cyrrhinus
*Corresponding Author mrigala, Garra mullya, Labeo calbasu, Labeo bata, Pethiya ticto and
Manisha U. Patil
Puntius sarana. The results of present study clearly showed that the
Department of Zoology, V.
U. Patil Arts, and Late Dr.
Ichthyofauna of the Nakana lake is highly diverse. The proper
B. S. Desale Science utilization of this water resource is discussed for fisheries, proper
College, Sakri, Dist.-Dhule management and its conservation.
424304. KEYWORDS: Ichthyofauna (Fish diversity), Nakana lake,
conservation.

INTRODUCTION
Fishes are the versatile animals in the world. It gives immense pleasure to the man and lively
hood to the human being. From ancient time it is an important part and parcel of the human
lives. Fishes constitutes half of the total number of vertebrates in the world and lives in all
types of aquatic habitats. Around the world approximately 22,000 fish species have been
recorded out of which 2500(11%) are found in India, Nagma and Khan, (2013); Kar (2003).
From those 930 are live in freshwater and 1,570 are marine, Sing et al., (2013).

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Fish is valuable source of protein, in addition to being an important palatable food item, for
human consumption. They are part of aquatic food chain, nutrient cycling and ecosystem
services. Fish also used as a genetic library for possible future use in medicine and
aquaculture, stimulate human interest in nature, Chandrashekhar et al., (2013).

The country is endowed with vast and varied water resources and rich biodiversity.
Freshwater ecosystems are comparatively vast on the mother earth. It is 45,000 km of rivers,
126334 km of canals, ponds and tanks 2.36 million hectors. Fishes are divided into main two
classes, viz., Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes. There are about 450 families of freshwater
fishes globally, out of which about 40 are reported in India, And 25 of these families contain
commercially important species. Fresh water Fishes are poorly studied group since
information regarding distribution, population dynamics and threats are incomplete, and most
of the information is available from a few well-studied locations only. Biodiversity is
essential for the stabilization of ecosystem, protection of environmental quality, for
understanding ecological niche. In India, there are 2500 species of freshwater fishes that have
been recognized in the Indian subcontinent, of which 930 are categorized as freshwater
species by Day, (1878); Jayaram, (1981); Talwar and Jhingran, (1991); Rao et al., (1999);
Sakhare and Joshi, (2002); Dutta et al., (2003); Sakhare and Joshi, (2004); Yadav, (2005);
Battul et al.,(2007) and Ashashree et al.,(2008). The present study will be useful to examine
factors influencing the structure and interaction of whole ecosystem specially in relation with
fish diversity, distribution and endemic species composition of freshwater fishes, as it is
closely depends on the different factors such as the availability of food, breeding sites, water
current, depth, topography and physic-chemical properties of water, Harris, (1995). Thus an
attempt has been made to highlight the fish diversity of Nakana lake, near Dhule city.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Study area
Nakana Lake was constructed on the Panzara River, near Morane village, tahsil-Dhule,
district-Dhule (MS) India. The geographical location of the lake having Longitudes:
74.7417477 and the Latitudes: 20.9095349. It is having catchment area is of 945 m,
maximum height of lake is 18.41 m. This lake also receives water from Haranmall lake. The
water of the lake is used for the purpose of drinking water supply to Dhule city, irrigation to
nearby fields and for fisheries. Well developed forest is present at the opposite side of the
Nakana lake.

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Fig 1: Map Showing Study area, Nakana Fig 2: Photograph of Collection

Lake. site Dhule (MS) India.

To record the Icthyofaunal diversity of Nakana lake was selected in the region of Dhule
district (Ms) India, during May, 2015 to April, 2016. The specimens were purchased from the
local fisherman. For taxonomic study, identification and confirmation and photographs were
snapped. Morphological characters were noted and specimens were preserved in 10%
formalin. The specimens were identified to specific level by using taxonomic keys and
different literature Day (1889); Talwar and Jhingran (1991) and Jayaram (1981). Those
which are not identified, are sent to the ZSI (Zoological survey of India), Pune, for correct
identification.

For quantitative way of water assessment, species diversity indices of diverse water bodies
were computed in recent years, Kawade and Pandharkar, (2016). With help of following
equations we determine the four diversity indices to assess how divers the lake about fish
species.

Data analysis
1. Shannon – Weiner Index, (1963): (H): H= -∑Pi (In Pi),
Pi = A/T where A is number of each species in the sample,
2. Simpson‟s Dominance Index,(1949) :(D): D= ∑ n(n-1)/N(N-1),
N = Total number of individual of all species.
n = Total number of individuals of particular species.
3. Simpson‟s Index of Diversity = 1-D,
4. Simpson‟s reciprocal Index = 1/D,

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

During the entire study total 15 species were collected from Nakana lake in between May,
2015 to April, 2016. The scientific name, local name of the species along with order and
family were illustrated in Table:-1.

Table 1: Fishes observed at Nakana lake during May, 2015 to April, 2016.
Order Family Species Common name
Channiformes Channidae 1. Channa striatus(Bloch,1795) Dokh
Cypriniformes Balitoridae 2. Oreonectes evizardi (Day,1873) Muri-1
3. Shcistura denisoni (Day,1873) Muri-2
Cyprinidae 4. Amblypharingodon mola (Ham, 1822) Moyda
5. Catla catla (Ham,1822) Catla
6. Cyrrhinus mrigala (Ham,1822) Padin
7. Garra mullya (Sykes,1839) Mahya
8. Labeo calbasu (Ham,1822) Rav
9. Labeo bata (Ham, 1822) Lal rahu
10. Pethiya ticto (Ham, 1822) Chota doted
11. Puntius sarana (Ham, 1822) --
Bagridae 12. Mystus cavasius (Ham,1822) Kirkatta
Siluriformes Siluridae 13. Sperata aor (Ham,1822) Ekakati
14. Osteobrama vigorsii (Sykes,1839) Gulbi
Synbranchiformes Mastacembelidae 15. Macrognathus puncalus (Ham,1822) Vam

Total 15 species belongs to 4 Orders, 6 Families and 14 Genera. Order Cypriniformes

including 3 families, viz., Channiformes, Siluriformes and Synbranchiformes are with single
family. Family Cyprinidae is dominant with 8 species (53.33%) from over all the reported
families. Due to more fecundity of major carp density of Cyprinidae was evident in the lake
and suitable environmental condition relatively higher population. Author‟s previous study is
correlated with this study, Patole and Patil, (2009); Patole, (2015). Balitoridae and Suluridae
have 2 species (13.33%). Bagridae, Channidae and Mastacembalidae including single species
of each (6.66%) shown in fig.:-3. Shcistura denisoni found to be abundant and Macrognathus
puncalus was least, shown in fig. :- 4 & 5.

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Fig. 3: Percentage occurrence of fish families of Nakana Lake, Dhule (MS), India.

Many researchers are agree with this finding, Ahirrao,(2014) reported an account of fish
resources of 39 fish species belonging to 24 genera and 12 families from Bori dam at
Tamaswadi, Parola, district Jalgaon. Jaiswal and Ahirrao, (2012) observed, 28 fish species in
Rangavali dam (Navapur), belong to 25 genera and 12 families. Uchchariya, (2012) had
reported the fish fauna in Tighra reservoir in Gwalior in Madhya Pradesh with 40 fish
species.

Fig. 4: Shcistura denisoni. Fig. 5: Macrognathus puncalus.

Biological Indices
The present investigation showed richness, abundance and different diversity indices from
Nakana lake. Shown in Table:-2.

Table 2: Fish diversity indices of Nakana lake.

Sr. No. Index Values
1 Species Richness (S) 15
2 Species abundance (N) 188
3 Shannon-Weiner Index (H) 4.5353
4 Simpson‟s Dominance Index (D) 0.0766
5 Simpson‟s Index of Diversity (1-D) 0.9234
6 Simpson‟s reciprocal Index (1/D) 13.0548

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Richness of the lake about fish species (S) was 15 and abundance of total species (N) was
188. The value of Shannon-Weiner Index (H) was 4.5353; the Simpson‟s index of dominance
(D) was 0.0766. The Simpson‟s index of diversity (1-D) was 0.9234 and Simpson‟s
reciprocal index (1/D) was 13.0548. The results are in favor of Khodake et al.,(2014).

Conservation
This is the natural site where river originates within the nearby hills. Hence the lake is always
away from drainage of city and industrial effluents. The water of present lake is useful for
water supply for drinking purpose to the Dhule city, irrigation for nearby farms and for fish
farming.

Fig. 6 and 7: Immersion of idol of Lord “Ganesh” and “Durga in the Nakana Lake,
Dhule.

Fig. 8 and 9: Nakana lake, Water Pollution Increase at the time of festivals.

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Lake shows rich diversity, but some activities and rituals of Indian traditional festivals are the
causes decrease the productivity of lake, not only as fishery point of view but as water
storage of lake also. Immersion of idols during religious celebrations has led to entry of toxic
paints and undesirable material in the lake (plaster of paris), shown in fig. no. 6 & 7. These
poisonous chemicals have a far-reaching and long term impact on the aquatic biota and
structure of the lake. Further silt gets washed into the lake and it reduced the storage capacity
of the lake every year. Reduction in the capacity of the lake to store the rain water means less
water for drinking, irrigation and fishery. In these occasion “Nirmalya, Gulal, polythene and
other waste things” are also thrown in to the lake, shown in fig. no. 8 & 9, of which some are
non biodegradable, hence dead storage level proves harmful to ecosystem level.

The present investigation provides further strategies for fish conservation and also focused on
conservation status of lake, Lakra et al., (2006) develop various research tools to generate
information, relevant to conservation strategies of prioritized and endangered fish species.
The model proposed by Mace and Lande, (1991) are more exact and less subjective than that
of IUCN, ASFB, AFS. But such quantitative data is not available at present. It is suggested
that to conduct periodical studies for enlisting of the species to species specific conservation
plan for saving invaluable freshwater fish resources of the country.

CONCLUSION
Water of lake is polluted at the time of “Ganesh Festival, Durga Festival and “Dassera”. The
immersions of idols of the Lord Ganesha, Durga and “Nirmalya” in to the lake. Plaster of
Paris, polythene and colors of idols are non-biodegradable, affects several days up to years. It
specifically affects the aquatic biota. To save ecological situation of Nakana lake from future
deterioration, there is an urgent need to create scientific awareness and holistic approach
towards sustainable management among local peoples on the importance of the reservoir
habitat and its fish fauna. As it is the basic need to conserve them for future generations.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Author thankful to Vice-Chancellor of North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, for Financial
Assistance under the scheme of „Vice-Chancellor Research Motivation Proposal‟ and grateful
to the Principal, V. U. Patil Arts and Late Dr. B. S. Desale Science College, Sakri, Dist.
Dhule (M.S), India, for providing laboratory facilities during tenure of research.

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