Ritchie’s Fabulae Faciles

Latin Text with Facing Vocabulary and Commentary

Geoffrey Steadman
Ritchie’s Fabulae Faciles
Latin Text with Facing Vocabulary and Commentary

First Edition

© 2012 by Geoffrey Steadman

All rights reserved. Subject to the exception immediately following, this book may
not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by
Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the
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The author has made an online version of this work available (via email) under a
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work only under the same or similar license as this one.

ISBN-13: 978-0-9843065-5-8
ISBN-10: 0-9843065-5-2

Published by Geoffrey Steadman

Cover Design: David Steadman

Fonts: Times New Roman

geoffreysteadman@gmail.com
 Table of Contents

Pages
Introduction to Ritchie’s Fabulae Faciles……………………………..……………v-vi
How to Use This Commentary………………………………………………………vii
Running Core Vocabulary List……………………………………………………viii-x
Abbreviations…………………………………………………………….…………..xii
Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives……………………………………………...116-117
Verb Synopses…………………………………………….…………………...118-124
Alphabetized Core Vocabulary List…………………………………………...125-128

Ritchie’s Fabulae Faciles

Perseus (sections 1-11)…………………………………………………………….2-10

Heracles (sections 12-56)………………………………………………………....10-58
Jason and the Argonauts (sections 57-80)………………………………………..58-86
Ulysses (sections 81-100)……………………………………………………….88-114
 v

Introduction to Ritchie’s Fabulae Faciles

This book should be on the bedstand of every intermediate Latin student. The volume
is a graded reader of Latin stories, which the modern author Francis Ritchie composed
in order to give students additional practice before reading Caesar’s Gallic War. The
book includes the myths of Perseus, Heracles, Jason and the Argonauts, and Ulysses;
and the entire text is divided into 100 sections of Latin which are roughly a paragraph
in length. Although Ritchie assumes that readers know all five declensions, pronouns,
and active and passive verbs from the first story about Perseus, he does not introduce
the subjunctive mood until the middle of the the account of Heracles or indirect
discourse and ablative absolutes until Jason and the Argonauts. Ritchie’s purpose is to
provide readers with an opportunity to master simple Latin grammar and morphology
before they encounter more complex constructions in the later stories, and he does so
while presenting students with an informative and thoroughly engaging storyline.
This Latin text was first published by Ritchie in 1884 in a volume called Fabulae
Faciles: A First Latin Reader. In 1903, John Kirtland published a revised edition
entitled Ritchie’s Fabulae Faciles: A First Latin Reader. Kirtland modified Ritchie’s
Latin text, added grammatical notes, and eliminated a section of drill exercises found
in the beginning the original volume. Kirtland’s book remained the standard edition
until 1991, when another revised volume was prepared by Gilbert Lawall, Stanley
Iverson, and Allan Wooley, entitled Fabulae Graecae: A Revised Edition of Ritchie’s
Fabulae Faciles. While the first two books are no longer protected by copyright law
and can be downloaded for free, the Fabulae Graecae remains available in paperback.
The aim of this current edition is to make Ritchie’s myths even more accessible to
beginning Latin readers. Facing each page of the Latin text is a page of commentary
divided into halves. The top half includes all of the corresponding vocabulary that
occur fourteen or fewer times, arranged alphabetically in two columns. The bottom
half is devoted to grammatical notes, which are organized according to line numbers
and arranged in two columns. The advantage of this format is that it allows me
to include as much information as possible on a page and at the same time ensure
that the commentary entries are distinct and immediately accessible to readers.
vi

To complement the vocabulary within the commentary, I have added a running

core word list at the beginning of this book that includes all words occurring fifteen or
more times. An alphabetized form of this same list can be found in the glossary.
Together, this book has been designed in such a way that, once readers have mastered
the running core list, they will be able to rely solely on the Latin text and facing notes.
The greatest strength of this book, apart from captivating stories, is its ability to
expose readers to difficult constructions over and over again. As a rule, I prefer to
offer too much assistance in the grammatical notes rather than too little and, since
readers may begin anywhere in the book, I identify constructions consistently
throughout the commentary—often multiple times on the same page. In the case of
Fabulae Faciles such support is appropriate. Even if readers rely on overly generous
notes the first time they encounter a difficult passage, Ritchie presents the same
constructions and same phrases so often that readers quickly become familiar with a
range of difficult clauses and therefore rely less and less on the notes as they progress.
By the time they encounter Ulysses, the constructions which readers have already
encountered are so dense and frequent that it is impossible to include the ample notes
found in earlier myths, and in most cases such notes are no longer necessary.
Although this volume may be used as a supplement in the classroom, I hope that
teachers will encourage students to keep a copy by their bedsides for casual reading
and rereading during the summer months and winter breaks. While there is no
substitute for meaningful classical and medieval Latin texts, most authentic Latin
prose still remains beyond the reach for intermediate-level students. This current
commentary is made in the hopes that the short sections of connected prose will help
readers of varying abilities develop reading proficiency and provide them with the
knowledge and confidence necessary to read authentic Latin authors.
I wish to thank Justin Slocum Bailey and Erin Pammenter for their assistance on
earlier versions and both Curtis Dozier and Robert Littlejohn, in particular, for
recommending numerous changes to macrons and formatting in the latest revision.
Every reader benefits from their generosity.
Geoffrey Steadman, Ph.D.
geoffreysteadman@gmail.com
geoffreysteadman.com
 vii

How to Use this Commentary

Research shows that, as we learn how to read in a second language, a combination of

reading and direct vocabulary instruction is statistically superior to reading alone.
One of the purposes of this book is to encourage active acquisition of vocabulary.
1. Master the core vocabulary list as soon as possible.
Develop a daily regimen for memorizing vocabulary and forms before you
begin reading. Start with an intensive review of the running core list on the next
page. Although a substantial number of core vocabulary words come within the
first few lessons of the commentary, readers have encountered most of these
words in first-year Latin and should be able to master the list quickly. Once
readers have reviewed these words, I recommend that they consult and memorize
slightly less frequent words in Fabulae Faciles as they encounter them.

2. Read actively.
Read in Latin word order. Initially, readers have a tendency both (a) to scan
through the entire Latin sentence quickly to order to attain a sense of the
constructions and (b) to treat the sentence as a puzzle and jump around the
passage from subject to verb to object and so on. As you acquire more
vocabulary and your comfort with the Latin increases, make reading in Latin
word order your primary method. It is a lot of fun and with persistence very
satisfying as well.

Develop the habit of making educated guesses as you read. The purpose of the
graded reader to provide you with an opportunity to encounter difficult
constructions, particularly subjunctive clauses and indirect discourse, so
frequently that you cannot help but to develop proficiency identifying and
translating them. Make educated guests as you read. If you guess correctly, the
commentary will reaffirm your knowledge of the Latin. If you answer
incorrectly, you will become more aware of your weaknesses and therefore more
capable of correcting them.

3. Reread a passage immediately after you have completed it.

Repeated readings not only help you commit Latin to memory but also increase
your ability to read the Latin as Latin. Always read the words out loud (or at
least whisper them to yourself). While you may be inclined to translate the text
into English as you reread, develop the habit of reading Latin as Latin.

4. Reread the most recent passage immediately before you begin a new one.
This additional repetition will strengthen your ability to recognize vocabulary,
forms, and syntax quickly, bolster your confidence, and most importantly provide
you with much-needed context as you begin the next selection in the text.
viii

Running Core Vocabulary

(Words 15 or More Times)
The following four pages include all words that occur fifteen or more times in the myths in a
running core vocabulary list. These words are not found within the vocabulary lists facing each
page of Latin. The number in the left column is the page number where the core vocabulary
word first occurs. For a single alphabetized list of these core words, consult the glossary.

Page
2 ā, ab, abs: from, away from; by, 72
2 accipiō, -ere, accēpī, acceptum: receive, get, accept, 26
2 ad: to, toward; near; for, 188
2 annus, -ī m.: year, 18
2 at: but; mind you, 27
2 atque: and; and also, and even, 21
2 autem: however, but; moreover, 81
2 brevis, -e: short, brief, 15
2 capiō, capere, cēpī, captum: take, capture, seize, 14
2 coniciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectum: throw, hurl; throw together, 13
2 cōnsilium, -iī n.: plan, advice; council, assembly, 23
2 cōnstituō, -ere, -uī, -ūtum: decide, establish, resolve, 36
2 cum: with (abl.); when, since, although, 196
2 dē: from, down from; about, concerning, 29
2 deus, -ī m.: god, divinity, deity, 19
2 dīcō, -ere, dīxī, dictum: say, speak, tell, call, name, 17
2 dō, dare, dedī, datum: give; grant, allow, 42
2 enim: for, indeed, 77
2 et: and; also, even, 287
2 faciō, -ere, fēcī, factum: make, do, 89
2 habitō (1): inhabit, live, 18
2 hic, haec, hoc: this, that, these, 222
2 ibi: there, 21
2 igitur: therefore, then, accordingly, 71
2 ille, illa, illud: that, those, 84
2 in: in (abl.) , into (acc.), 272
2 īnsula, -ae f.: island, 20
2 ipse, ipsa, ipsum: -self; the very, 50
2 is, ea, id: he, she, it; this, that, 230
2 lītus, lītoris n.: shore, beach, 19
2 māgnōpere: greatly, 15
2 magnus, -a, -um: great, large; important, 79
2 mare, maris n.: sea, 15
2 multus, -a, -um: much, many, 36
2 omnis, omne: every, all, 96
2 Perseus, -ī m.: Perseus, 26
2 post: after, behind (acc.); afterward, next, 32
 Running Core Vocabulary ix

2 postquam: after, when, 58

2 puer, puerī, m.: boy, 17
2 quīdam, quaedam, quoddam: a certain, 50
2 rēx, rēgis m.: king; adj. ruling, royal, 44
2 sē: himself, herself, itself, themselves, 115
2 sum, esse, fuī, futūrum: be, 422
2 suus, -a, -um: his, her, its, their (own), 84
2 tamen: nevertheless, however, 99
2 tantus, -a, -um: so great, so much, so large, 55
2 tempestās, -tātis f.: weather; storm, 17
2 tempus, -poris n.: time, 31
2 tum: then, at that time, 73
2 videō, -ēre, vīdī, vīsum: see, 50
2 volō, velle, voluī: will, wish, be willing, 22
4 audiō, -īre, audīvī, audītum: hear, listen to, 22
4 caput, capitis, n.: head; life, 20
4 causa, -ae f.: reason, cause; case, 31
4 dum: while, as long as, until, 35
4 ē, ex: from, out from, out of, 108
4 etiam: also, even,; besides, 17
4 homō, -inis m./f.: person, people, human, 21
4 iam: now, already, 29
4 locus, -ī m. (pl. lōca): place, region, 51
4 manus, -ūs f.: hand, 16
4 modus, -ī m.: way, manner; adv. modo, only 38
4 mōnstrum, -ī n.: monster, 26
4 per: through, over, 23
4 perveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum: come through, arrive, 19
4 prīmus, -a, -um: first, 16
4 quaerō, -ere, quaesīvī, quaesītum: seek, ask, search for, 21
4 quī, quae, quod (quis? quid?): who, which, that; quod: because, 307
4 referō, -ferre, rettulī, relātum: report, bring back, 18
4 rēs, reī, f.: thing, matter, affair, business, 83
4 saxum, -ī n.: rock, 15
4 speciēs, -ēī f.: sight, look, appearance, aspect, 15
4 statim: immediately, 28
4 tandem: finally, at last, 28
4 ubi: where; when, 56
4 ūnus, -a, -um: one, 14
4 veniō, -īre, vēnī, ventum: come, go, 72
6 animus, -ī m.: mind, spirit; courage, pride, 18
6 diēs, -ēī m./f.: day, time, 46
6 dolor, -ōris m.: pain, grief, 17
6 exspectō (1): wait for, await, look out for, 15
6 fīlia, -iae f.: daughter, 20
x Running Core Vocabulary

6 gerō, -ere, gessī, gestum: wage; carry on, wear, 18

6 gravis, -e: heavy, serious, severe, 16
6 iubeō, -ēre, iussī, iussum: order, 17
6 mittō, -ere, -mīsī, missum: send, let go, 18
6 parō (1): prepare, 21
6 perīculum, -ī n.: danger, risk, 31
6 subitō: suddenly, 19
6 timor, -ōris m.: fear, 15
6 trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditum: give over, hand over or down, 20
8 cōnferō, -ferre, -contulī, collātum: bring together, gather, 18
8 corpus, corporis, n.: body, 19
8 mox: soon, 19
8 nāvis, -is, f.: ship, boat, 63
8 neque: and not; neque…neque: neither…nor, 27
8 paucī, -ae, -a: few, 22
8 regiō, -ōnis f.: region, district, 18
8 rēgnum, -ī n.: royal power, kingship; kingdom, 19
8 salūs, -ūtis f.: safety, security, health, 15
8 sed: but, 31
8 sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsum: feel, perceive, 16
8 sine: without, 19
8 solvō, -ere, solvī, solūtum: loosen, release; set sail, 20
10 cognōscō, -ere, -nōvī, -nitum: learn, pf. know, 22
10 dīmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: send away, dismiss, 8
10 Hērculēs, -is m.: Hercules 121
10 pars, partis, f.: part, share, 23
10 redeō, -īre, rediī: go back, return, 19
10 urbs, urbis, f.: city, 19
12 habeō, -ēre, habuī, -itum: have, hold; consider, 34
12 interficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum: kill, 15
12 iter, itineris n.: journey; route, way, 19
12 nōn: not, 40
12 paulus, -a, -um: little, small, 16
12 vīs, (vīs), f.: force, power, violence; pl. vīrēs, strength, 23
12 vir, virī m.: man, male, 23
14 bōs, bovis m./f. (dat./abl. bōbus): cow, ox, bull, 18
14 proficīscor, -ī, profectus sum: set out, depart, 19
16 Eurystheus, -ī m.: Eurystheus, 23
16 possum, posse, potuī: be able, can, 46
18 cōnficiō, -ere: complete finish, accomplish; exhaust, 16
18 labor, -ōris m.: labor, hardship, task, 22
18 nūllus, -a, -um: no, not any, 24
20 auxilium, -ī n.: help, aid, assistance, 19
 Running Core Vocabulary xi

20 coepī, coepisse, coeptum: begin, 16

20 ingēns (ingentis): huge, immense, 21
20 ita: so, thus, in this way, 25
22 prōgredior, -ī, prōgressus sum: advance, 17
22 reliquus, -a, um: remaining, left, 15
22 sī: if, 20
22 spēlunca, -ae f.: cave, 30
22 summus, -a, -um: highest, greatest, top of, 29
22 vīnum, -ī n.: wine, 16
24 īdem, eadem, idem: the same, 15
24 ēgredior, -ī, ēgressus sum: go out, disembark, 18
26 flūmen, -inis n.: river, 15
26 ut: so that, in order that (subj.); as, just as (ind.), 112
28 terra, -ae f.: land, earth, ground, 22
34 socius, -ī m.: comrade, companion; ally, 33
36 intellegō, -ere, -lēxī, -lēctum: understand, realize, 24
40 nē: so that…not, lest, 22
58 Iāsōn, -onis m.: Jason, 45
62 Argonautae, -ārum m.: Argonauts, 18
70 Mēdēa, -ae f.: Medea, 27
88 Ulixēs, -is m.: Ulysses, 43
92 Polyphēmus, -ī m.: Polyphemus, 19
104 Circē, -ēs f.: Circe, 15
xii

Abbreviations

abs. absolute impf. imperfect pl. plural

acc. accusative imper. impersonal plpf. pluperfect
act. active indic. indicative pred. predicate
adj. adjective i.o. indirect object prep. preposition
adv. adverb ind. indirect pres. present
app. appositive inf. infinitive pron. pronoun
comp. comparative inter. interrogative quest. question
dat. dative m. masculine reflex. reflexive
dep. deponent n. neuter rel. relative
d.o. direct object nom. nominative seq. sequence
f. feminine obj. object sg. singular
fut. future pple. participle subj. subject
gen. genitive pass passive superl. superlative
imp. imperative pf. perfect voc. vocative

1s, 2s, 3s 1st, 2nd, 3rd person singular 1p, 2p, 3p 1st, 2nd, 3rd person plural
 Well, when I did Star Wars, I consciously set about to recreate myths and the classic
mythological motifs. And I wanted to use those motifs to deal with issues that existed today.

- George Lucas

To make the ancients speak, we must feed them with our own blood.

- von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff
2 Perseus

1. THE ARK 1
Haec nārrantur ā poētīs dē Perseō. Perseus fīlius erat Iōvis, maximī
deōrum; avus eius Acrisius appellābātur. Acrisius volēbat Perseum
nepōtem suum necāre; nam propter ōrāculum puerum timēbat.
Comprehendit igitur Perseum adhūc īnfantem, et cum mātre in arcā 5
ligneā inclūsit. Tum arcam ipsam in mare coniēcit. Danaē, Perseī
māter, magnopere territa est; tempestās enim magna mare turbābat.
Perseus autem in sinū mātris dormiēbat.

2. JUPITER SAVES HIS SON 10

Iuppiter tamen haec omnia vīdit, et fīlium suum servāre cōnstituit.
Tranquillum igitur fēcit mare, et arcam ad īnsulam Serīphum
perdūxit. Huius īnsulae Polydectēs tum rēx erat. Postquam arca ad
lītus appulsa est, Danaē in harēnā quiētem capiēbat. Post breve
tempus ā piscātōre quōdam reperta est, et ad domum rēgis 15
Polydectis adducta est. Ille mātrem et puerum benignē excēpit, et
eīs sēdem tūtam in fīnibus suīs dedit. Danaë hoc dōnum libenter
accēpit, et prō tantō beneficiō rēgī grātiās ēgit.

3. PERSEUS IS SENT ON HIS TRAVELS 20

Perseus igitur multōs annōs ibi habitābat, et cum mātre suā vītam
beātam agēbat. At Polydectēs Danaën magnopere amābat, atque
eam in mātrimōnium dūcere volēbat. Hoc tamen cōnsilium Perseō
minimē grātum erat. Polydectēs igitur Perseum dīmittere cōnstituit.
Tum iuvenem ad sē vocāvit et haec dīxit: "Turpe est hanc ignāvam 25
 Perseus 3

Acrisius, -iī m.: Acrisius, 4 ligneus, -a, -um: wooden, of wood

addūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ctum: lead to, bring, 8 māter, mātris f.: mother, 9
adhūc: still, 5 mātrimōnium, -iī n.: marriage, 6
agō, agere, ēgī, āctum: drive, lead, spend, 13 maximus, -a, -um: greatest, 9
amō (1): love, like, 1 minimē: least, by no means, not at all
appellō (1): call (by name), name, 12 nam: for, 6
appellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsum: drive (to), 14 nārrō (1): narrate, relate, 7
arca, -ae f.; chest, box, ark, 4 necō (1): kill, slay, put to death, 9
avus, avī m.: grandfather, 2 nepōs, nepōtis m.: grandson, decendent, 2
beātus, -a, -um: blessed, happy, 3 ōrāculum, -ī n.: oracle, 11
beneficium, -iī n.: benefit, favor; kindness, 8 perdūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ctum: lead through, 4
benignus, -a, -um: kind, 4 piscātor, piscātōris m.: fisherman
comprehendō, -ere, -dī, -sum: grasp, seize, 3 poēta, -ae m.: poet, 4
Danaē, -ēs f.: Danae, 5 Polydectēs, -is m.: Polydectes, 7
dēmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: drop, 3 prō: before, in front of, for, 9
domus, -ūs f.: house, home, dwelling, 11 propter: on account of, because of, 6
dōnum, -ī n.: gift, 6 quiēs, quiētis f.: rest, repose, sleep, 5
dormiō, -īre, -īvī: sleep, 8 reperiō, -īre, repperī, repertum: find, 9
dūcō, -ere, dūxī, ductum: lead, draw, bring, 5 sēdēs, sēdis f.: seat; abode, home, 5
excipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptum: take out, receive 9 Seriphus, -ī m.: Seriphos (an island)
fīlius, -iī m.: son, 10 servō (1): save, keep, preserve
fīnis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 sinus, -ūs m.: bosom, lap
grātia, -ae f.: graditude, favor, thanks, 10 terreō, -ēre, -uī, territum: terrify, scare, 5
grātus, -a, -um: pleasing, grateful timeō, -ēre, -uī: fear, dread, 6
harēna, -ae f.: sand tranquillus, -a, -um: calm, tranquil
ignāvus, -a, -um: lazy, cowardly, 2 turbō (1): confuse, disturb, 3
inclūdō, -ere, -ūsī, -ūsum: close in, shut in, 7 turpis, turpe: ugly, shameful
īnfāns, -fantis m. f.: infant, 2 tūtus, -a, -um: safe, secure, 3
Iuppiter, Iovis m.: Jupiter, 8 vīta, -ae, f.: life, 9
iuvenis, -is m.: youth, young man, 4 vocō (1): call, summon, invoke, 2
libenter: gladly, willingly, 12

2 haec: these (things); neut. pl. is a common gen. pronoun ending (hic)
dē: about… 14 quiētam capiēbat: was taking a rest
Iovis: of Jupiter; Iūppiter declines in the 3rd 15 quō-dam: a certain; the suffix -dam never
decl.: Iuppiter, Iovis, Iovī, Iovem and Iove declines but the first half of this indefinite
3 eium: gen. sg. of is, ea, id adjective does and modifies piscātōre (abl)
Acrisius: pred. nom. of appellābātur 16 benignē: kindly; -ē indicates an adv.
4 suum: his; reflexive possessive adj., use the 17 eīs: dat. pl. is, ea, id; ind. obj. of dedit
subject (‘su’ as in subject!) to translate 18 prō: (in return) for
6 in mare: acc. place to which, neuter sg. rēgī: dat. sg. 3rd decl. noun rex, rēgis
Danaē: Greek nom., the two dots grātiās ēgit: gave thanks; common
(diaeresis) indicate that the ‘e’ is idiom for grātiās āgo, here pf.
pronounced separately from the ‘a’ 21 multōs annōs: for…; acc. duration
7 tempestās: nom. sg., fem. 3rd decl. 22 agēbat: was living/spending; common
9 sinū: 4th decl. abl. sg. idiom for vītam agō; cf. line 18
11 haec omnia: neuter acc. pl., add ‘things’ Danaēn: Greek accusative ( ‘n’ not ‘m’)
12 fēcit: made (x) (y); tranquillum is an adj. 23 Perseō: dat. of reference with grātum
in the predicative position: not ‘tranquil 25 haec: neuter pl., supply ‘things’
sea’ but ‘sea tranquil’ Turpe est: it is shameful to; the adj. turpis,
10 huius īnsulae: gen. sg. with rex; –ius turpe is neut. because an inf. is subject
4 Perseus

vītam agere; iam dūdum tū adulēscēns es. Quō ūsque hīc manēbis? 1
Tempus est arma capere et virtūtem praestāre. Hinc abī, et caput
Medūsae mihi refer.”

4. PERSEUS GETS HIS OUTFIT 5

Perseus ubi haec audīvit, ex īnsulā discessit, et postquam ad
continentem vēnit, Medūsam quaesīvit. Diū frūstrā quaerēbat;
namque nātūram locī ignorābat. Tandem Apollō et Minerva viam
dēmōnstrāvērunt. Prīmum ad Graeās, sorōrēs Medūsae, pervēnit.
Ab hīs tālāria et galeam magicam accēpit. Apollō autem et 10
Minerva falcem et speculum eī dedērunt. Tum postquam tālāria
pedibus induit, in āera ascendit. Diū per āera volābat; tandem
tamen ad eum locum vēnit ubi Medūsa cum cēterīs Gorgonibus
habitābat. Gorgonēs autem mōnstra erant speciē horribilī; capita
enim eārum anguibus omnīnō contēcta erant. Manūs etiam ex aere 15
factae erant.

5. THE GORGON'S HEAD

Rēs difficillima erat caput Gorgonis abscīdere; eius enim cōnspectū
hominēs in saxum vertēbantur. Propter hanc causam Minerva 20
speculum Perseō dederat. Ille igitur tergum vertit, et in speculum
inspiciēbat; hōc modō ad locum vēnit ubi Medūsa dormiēbat. Tum
falce suā caput eius ūnō ictū abscīdit. Cēterae Gorgonēs statim ē
somnō excitātae sunt, et ubi rem vīdērunt, īrā commōtae sunt.
Arma rapuērunt, et Perseum occīdere volēbant. Ille autem dum 25
fūgit, galeam magicam induit; et ubi hoc fēcit, statim ē cōnspectū
eārum ēvāsit.
 Perseus 5

abeō, -īre, -iī, -itum: go away, depart, 6 hinc: from this place, hence
abscīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsum: cut away or off, 5 horribilis, -e: horrible, dreadful, 11
adulēscēns, -entis: young (man), youth(ful), 3 ictus, -ūs m.: strike, blow, 4
āēr, āeris m. (acc. āera): air, 6 ignōrō (1): not know, be ignorant, 5
aes, aeris n.: bronze induō, -ere, induī, indūtum: put on, 8
agō, agere, ēgī, āctum: drive, lead, spend, 13 īnspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectum: look upon
anguis, -is m. f.: serpent, snake īra, īrae f.: anger, 12
Apollō, Apollinis m.: Apollo, 7 magicus, -a, -um: magic, 5
arma, -ōrum n.: arms, equipment, tools, 6 maneō, -ēre, mānsī, mansūrum: stay, wait, 9
ascendō, -ere, -ī, -ēnsum: ascend, mount, 3 Medūsa, -ae f.: Medusa, 6
cēterī, -ae, -a: the other, remaining, 2 Minerva, -ae f.: Minerva, 4
commoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtum: move, namque: for, 2
trouble, upset, 14 nātūra, -ae. f.: nature, 9
cōnspectus, -ūs m.: sight, view, 6 occīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsum: kill, cut down, 14
contegō, -ere, -tēxī, -tēctum: cover omnīnō: altogether, wholely, entirely, 11
contineō, -ēre, -nuī, -tentum: hold or keep pēs, pedis m.: foot, 8
together, 4 praestō, -stāre, -stitī: stand in front, show, 6
dēmōnstrō (1): show, demonstrate, 13 propter: on account of, because of, 6
difficilis, -e: hard, difficult, troublesome, 6 rapiō, -ere, rapuī, raptum: seize, snatch, 5
discēdō, -ere, -cessī, -sum: go away, depart, 4 somnus, -ī m.: sleep, 14
diū: a long time, long, 13 soror, sorōris f.: sister
dormiō, -īre, -īvī: sleep, 8 speculum, -ī n.: mirror, 3
dūdum: + iam, for a while, a long time, 2 tālāria, -ium: winged shoes, 4
ego: I, 9 tergum, -ī n.: back, 8
ēvādō, -ere, ēvāsī, ēvāsum: go out, escape, 9 tū: you, 10
excitō (1): excite, rouse, incite, 8 ūsque: all the way to, up to, continuously, 2
falx falcis f.: sickle, 2 vertō, -ere, vertī, versum: turn, 4
frūstrā: in vain, for nothing, 13 via, -ae, f.: way, road, 4
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, --: flee, hurry away, 9 virtūs, -ūtis f.: valor, manhood, excellence, 10
galea, -ae f.: helmet, 3 vīta, -ae, f.: life, 9
Gorgō, -onis f.: Gorgon, 4 volō (1): fly, 3
Graeae, -ārum f.: Gray sisters, the Graeae

1 agere: live; idiom, see p. 2, line 22 one eye, which they shared; Perseus stole
iam dūdum: now for a long time; often the eye until they told him what he wanted
as one word 11 eī: to…; dat. sg. ind. obj. of is, ea, id
es: 2s pres. sum 12 pedibum: on…; dat. pl. with compound
quō ūsque: for how long…?; ‘up to what’ verb (make prefix “in-“ into a preposition)
hīc: note the long vowel ‘ī’ indicates that 14 speciē horribilī: of horrible appearance;
this is the adverb ‘here’ not the pronoun abl. of quality with monstra, horribilī is i-
2 Tempus est: it is time; infinitives are subj. stem 3rd decl. abl., speciē is 5th decl. abl.
hinc: from here; compare hīc above 15 aere: bronze; abl. of aes, not āēr
abī: sg. imperative abeō 19 difficillima: superlative difficilis
3 mihi: dat. sg. ego eius…cōnspectū: gen. sg. the Gorgon’s
refer: sg. imperative, 3rd conj. referō 22 hōc modō: in this way; abl. of manner
does not retain the final “e.” Consider 24 ubi: when; i.e. ‘at this point’ in time/place
the mnemonic: ‘dīc, dūc, fac and fer īrā: by anger; abl. of cause or means
should have an “e” but it isn’t there.’ commōtae sunt: were moved; they are
7 frustrā: a common adverb moved emotionally, not physically
Graeae: these 3 sisters to the Gorgons had
6 Perseus

6. THE SEA-SERPENT 1
Post haec Perseus in fīnēs Aethiopum vēnit. Ibi Cēpheus quīdam
illō tempore regnābat. Hīc Neptūnum, maris deum, ōlim
offenderat; Neptūnus autem mōnstrum saevissimum mīserat. Hoc
cotīdiē ē marī veniēbat et hominēs dēvorābat. Ob hanc causam 5
pavor animōs omnium occupāverat. Cēpheus igitur ōrāculum deī
Hammōnis cōnsuluit, atque ā deō iussus est fīliam mōnstrō trādere.
Eius autem fīlia, nōmine Andromeda, virgō fōrmōsissima erat.
Cēpheus ubi haec audīvit, magnum dolōrem percēpit. Volēbat
tamen cīvēs suōs ē tantō perīculō extrahere, atque ob eam causam 10
imperāta Hammōnis facere cōnstituit.

7. A HUMAN SACRIFICE
Tum rēx diem certam dīxit et omnia parāvit. Ubi ea diēs vēnit,
Andromeda ad lītus dēducta est, et in cōnspectū omnium ad rūpem 15
alligāta est. Omnēs fātum eius dēplōrābant, nec lacrimās tenēbant.
At subitō, dum mōnstrum exspectant, Perseus accurrit; et ubi
lacrimās vīdit, causam dolōris quaerit. Illī rem tōtam expōnunt et
puellam dēmōnstrant. Dum haec geruntur, fremitus terribilis
audītur; simul mōnstrum horribilī speciē procul cōnspicitur. Eius 20
cōnspectus timōrem maximum omnibus iniēcit. Mōnstrum magnā
celeritāte ad lītus contendit, iamque ad locum appropinquābat ubi
puella stābat.

8. THE RESCUE
At Perseus ubi haec vīdit, gladium suum ēdūxit, et postquam tālāria 25
induit, in āera sublātus est. Tum dēsuper in mōnstrum impetum
subitō fēcit, et gladiō suō collum eius graviter vulnerāvit.
 Perseus 7

accurrō, -ere, -cucurrī, -cursum: run to, 2 impetus, -ūs m.: attack, onset, assault, 9
āēr, āeris m. (acc. āera): air, 6 induō, -ere, induī, indūtum: put on, 8
Aethiopēs, -um m.: Ethiopians, 2 iniciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectum: throw in or upon, 2
alligō (1): bind to, tie to, 2 lacrima, -ae f.: tear, 10
Andromeda, -ae f.: Andromeda, 4 maximus, -a, -um: greatest, 9
appropinquō (1): come near, approach, 8 nec: and not, nor, 10
celeritās, -tātis f.: speed, quickness, 7 Neptūnus, -ī m.: Neptune, 4
Cēpheus, -ī m.: Cepheus, 5 nōmen, nōminis, n.: name, 12
certus, -a, -um: fixed, sure, 11 ob: on account of (acc.), 13
cīvis, -is m/f: citizen, fellow citizen, 5 occupō (1): occupy, seize, 8
collum, -ī n.; neck, 6 offendō, -ere, offendī, offēnsum: offend
cōnspectus, -ūs m.: sight, view, 6 ōlim: once, formerly, 10
cōnspiciō, -ere, -exī, -ectum: catch sight of, 3 ōrāculum, -ī n.: oracle, 11
contendō, -ere, -ī, -tum: hasten; fight, 11 pavor, pavōris m.: terror, panic
cotīdiē: daily, 2 percipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: receive,
dēdūcō, -ere: lead or bring down, launch, 10 perceive, get, 5
dēmōnstrō (1): show, demonstrate, 13 procul: from afar, from a distance, 5
dēplōrō (1): lament, weep puella, -ae f.: girl, 8
dēsuper: from above, 2 que: and, 14
dēvorō (1): swallow down, devour, 4 rēgnō (1): rule, reign, 3
ēdūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductum: lead out, draw, 3 rūpēs, rūpis f.: rock, cliff, 6
expōnō, -ere, -suī, -situm: set out, explain 7 saevus, -a, -um: savage, fierce, 3
extrahō, -ere, -trāxī, -tractum: draw out, 2 simul: at the same time; at once, together, 10
fātum, -ī n.: fate, ruin, death, 2 stō, -āre, stetī, stātum: stand, 8
fīnis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 tālāria, -ium: winged shoes, 4
fōrmōsus, -a, -um: shapely, beautiful, 2 teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentum: hold, keep 13
fremitus, -ūs m.: roaring, roar, 2 terribilis, -e: terrible, dreadful, 5
gladius, -ī m.: sword, 10 tollō, -ere, sustulī, sublātum: raise, lift up 10
Hammōn, -ōnis m.: Hammon (Jupiter), 2 tōtus -a, -um: whole, entire, 14
horribilis, -e: horrible, dreadful, 11 virgō, virginis f.: maiden, 2
imperō (1): order, command, 12 vulnerō (1): wound, injure, 7

2 in fīnēs: into the borders; usual meaning been commanded’ neuter acc. pl. PPP
3 illō tempore: at…; abl. of time when (pf. pass. pple) imperō
hīc: here; adv. 14 diem certam dīxit: appointed a…day
3 saevissimum: superlative adj. saevus omnia: neut pl. acc. 3rd decl. i-stem
Hoc: this one; neut. sg. subject; “this ea: this; is, ea, id as an adj. is a
(monster),” monstrum is neuter demonstrative which can be translated
5 marī: abl. sg. 3rd decl. i-stem noun as “this/these” or “that/those”
6 omnium: gen. pl. 3rd decl. i-stem adj. 16 eium: her; gen. fem. sg. is, ea, id
deī Hammōnis: of the god Hammon; a expōnunt: explain; ‘set out (in detail)’
north African god often identified with 20 horribilī speciē: of…; see p. 5, line 14
Jupiter/Zeus, sometimes spelled ‘Ammon’ eium: of this one; or ‘of it,’ i.e. monstrum
7 mōnstrō: dat. sg. ind. obj. of trādere 21 omnibum: upon all; dat. of compound
8 nōmine: by name; abl. of respect magnā celeritāte: with..; abl. manner
virgō: nom. sg. predicate often ‘cum’ missing when there is an adj.
9 haec: these (things); neut. acc. pl. 26 sublātus est: 3s pf. pass. tollō
volēbat: impf. of volō, velle, ‘to wish,’ in mōnstrum: against...; often in an attack
not from volō, volāre, “to fly” impetum…fēcit: made an attack
10 ob eam causam: for this reason 27 eium: his; ‘of that one,’ gen. sg.
11 imperāta: commands; ‘things having
8 Perseus

Mōnstrum ubi sēnsit vulnus, fremitum horribilem ēdidit, et sine 1

morā tōtum corpus in aquam mersit. Perseus dum circum lītus
volat, reditum eius exspectābat. Mare autem intereā undique
sanguine īnficitur. Post breve tempus belua rūrsus caput sustulit;
mox tamen ā Perseō ictū graviōre vulnerāta est. Tum iterum sē in 5
undās mersit, neque posteā vīsa est.

9. THE REWARD OF VALOR

Perseus postquam ad lītus dēscendit, prīmum tālāria exuit; tum ad
rūpem vēnit ubi Andromeda vīncta erat. Ea autem omnem spem 10
salūtis dēposuerat, et ubi Perseus adiit, terrōre paene exanimāta
erat. Ille vincula statim solvit, et puellam patrī reddidit. Cēpheus ob
hanc rem maximō gaudiō affectus est. Meritam grātiam prō tantō
beneficiō Perseō rettulit; praetereā Andromedam ipsam eī in
mātrimōnium dedit. Ille libenter hoc dōnum accēpit et puellam 15
dūxit. Paucōs annōs cum uxōre suā in eā regiōne habitābat, et in
magnō honōre erat apud omnēs Aethiopēs. Magnopere tamen
mātrem suam rūrsus vidēre cupiēbat. Tandem igitur cum uxōre suā
ē rēgnō Cēpheī discessit.
20
10. POLYDECTES IS TURNED TO STONE
Postquam Perseus ad īnsulam nāvem appulit, sē ad locum contulit
ubi māter ōlim habitāverat, sed domum invēnit vacuam et omnīnō
dēsertam. Trēs diēs per tōtam īnsulam mātrem quaerēbat; tandem
quartō diē ad templum Diānae pervēnit. Hūc Danaë refūgerat, quod 25
 Perseus 9

adeō, -īre, -i(v)ī: go to, approach, 4 mātrimōnium, -iī n.: marriage, 6

Aethiopēs, -um m.: Ethiopians, 2 maximus, -a, -um: greatest, 9
afficiō, -ere, -fēcī, fectum: influence, treat, 13 mergō, mergere, mersī, mersum: sink, 3
Andromeda, -ae f.: Andromeda, 4 meritus, -a, -um: deserved, due, just, 4
appellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsum: drive (to), 14 mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14
apud: among, in the presence of (+ acc.), 9 ob: on account of (acc.), 13
aqua, -ae f.: water, 11 ōlim: once, formerly, 10
belua, -ae f.: beast, brute, monster omnīnō: altogether, wholely, entirely, 11
beneficium, -iī n.: benefit, favor; kindness, 8 paene: almost, nearly, 8
Cēpheus, -ī m.: Cepheus, 5 pater, patris, m.: father, 12
circum: around, about, at, near (acc.) posteā: after this, afterwards, 7
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītum: desire, long for, 4 praetereā: besides, moreover, 3
Danaē, -ēs f.: Danae, 5 prō: before, in front of, for, 9
dēpōnō, -ere, -suī, -situm: put down/aside, 9 puella, -ae f.: girl, 8
dēscendō, -ere, -ndī, -scēnsum: descend, 4 quartus, -a, -um: one-fourth, 3
dēserō, -ere, -uī, -sertum: desert, 2 reddō, -ere, didī, dditum: give back, render 4
Diāna, -ae f.: Diana reditus, -ūs m.: return, 5
discēdō, -ere, -cessī, -sum: go away, depart, 4 refugiō, -ere, -fūgī: flee back, 5
domus, -ūs f.: house, home, dwelling, 11 rūpēs, rūpis f.: rock, cliff, 6
dōnum, -ī n.: gift, 6 rūrsus: again, backward, back, 7
dūcō, -ere, dūxī, ductum: lead, draw, bring, 5 sanguis, sanguinis m.: blood, 6
ēdō, -ere, ēdidī, ēditum: give out, put forth, 3 spēs, -eī f.: hope, 15
exanimō (1): kill, exhaust, 9 tālāria, -ium: winged shoes, 4
exuō, -ere, -uī, -ūtum: take off, put off templum, -ī n.: temple, 3
fremitus, -ūs m.: roaring, roar, 2 terror, terrōris m.: terror, fright, 4
gaudium, -iī n.: gladness, joy, 9 tollō, -ere, sustulī, sublātum: raise, lift up 10
grātia, -ae f.: graditude, favor, thanks, 10 tōtus -a, -um: whole, entire, 14
honor, -ōris m.: honor, glory; offering, 4 trēs, tria: three, 9
horribilis, -e: horrible, dreadful, 11 unda, -ae f.: wave
hūc: this place, hither, 2 undique: from everywhere, from all sides, 7
ictus, -ūs m.: strike, blow, 4 uxor, uxōris f.: wife, spouse, 10
īnficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum: stain, dye, 4 vacuus, -a, -um: empty, fear, vacant
intereā: meanwhile, 7 vīnciō, -īre, vīnxī, vīnctum: bind, tie, 4
inveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum: find, discover 8 vinculum, -ī n.: bond, chain, 4
iterum: again, a second time, 3 volō (1): fly, 3
libenter: gladly, willingly, 12 vulnerō (1): wound, injure, 7
māter, mātris f.: mother, 9 vulnus, -eris n.: wound, blow, 6

1 ēdidit: ē/ex + dedit, in compound verbs 13 maximō gaudiō: with…; abl. manner,
vowels ‘a’ and ‘e’ often become ‘i’ without “cum” when modified by adj.
4 sustulit: pf. tollō, belua is subject prō: (in return) for…
5 graviōre: graver; or ‘more serious,’ 14 rettulit: pf. referō with a dat. ind. obj.
abl. sg. comparative adj. gravis, -e eī: dat. sg., is, ea, id
9 prīmum: first (of all); adverbial acc. 16 paucōs annōs: for…; acc. of duration
11 salūtis: for safety; objective gen., it is 23 eā: this; demonstrative adj. with regiōne
equivalent to the obj. of a verb ‘hope’ 22 sē contulit: carried himself; pf. cōnferō, a
adiit: pf. ad-eō common expression for ‘went,’ ‘moved’
terrōre: abl. of cause 23 domum: fem. sg. modified by 2 adjectives
12 patrī: dat. ind. obj. of rē + dedit 24 trēs diēs: for…; acc. of duration
reddidit: red-dedit, pf. red-dō (give back), 25 quartō diē: at…; abl. time when
compare to red-it from red-eō (go back) hūc: (to) here; see also hīc and hinc
10 Perseus

Polydectem timēbat. Perseus ubi haec cognōvit, īrā magnā 1

commōtus est; ad rēgiam Polydectis sine morā contendit, et ubi eō
vēnit, statim in ātrium irrūpit. Polydectēs magnō timōre affectus est
et fugere volēbat. Dum tamen ille fugit, Perseus caput Medūsae
mōnstrāvit; ille autem simul atque hoc vīdit, in saxum versus est. 5

11. THE ORACLE FULFILLED

Post haec Perseus cum uxōre suā ad urbem Acrisī rediit. Ille autem
ubi Perseum vīdit, magnō terrōre affectus est; nam propter
ōrāculum istud nepōtem suum adhūc timēbat. In Thessaliam igitur 10
ad urbem Larīsam statim refūgit, frūstrā tamen; neque enim fātum
suum vītāvit. Post paucōs annōs rēx Larīsae lūdōs magnōs fēcit;
nuntiōs in omnēs partēs dīmīserat et diem ēdīxerat. Multī ex
omnibus urbibus Graeciae ad lūdōs convēnērunt. Ipse Perseus inter
aliōs certāmen discōrum iniit. At dum discum conicit, avum suum 15
cāsū occīdit; Acrisius enim inter spectātōrēs eius certāminis forte
stābat.

12. THE HATRED OF JUNO

Herculēs, Alcmēnae fīlius, ōlim in Graeciā habitābat. Hic omnium 20
hominum validissimus fuisse dīcitur. At Iūnō, rēgīna deōrum,
Alcmēnam ōderat et Herculem adhūc īnfantem necāre voluit. Mīsit
igitur duās serpentēs saevissimās; hae mediā nocte in cubiculum
Alcmēnae vēnērunt, ubi Herculēs cum frātre suō dormiēbat. Nec
tamen in cūnīs, sed in scūtō magnō cubābant. Serpentēs iam 25
appropinquāverant et scūtum movēbant; itaque puerī ē somnō
excitātī sunt.
 Perseus 11

Acrisius, -iī m.: Acrisius, 4 Lārīsa, -ae f.: Larisa, 2

adhūc: still, 5 lūdus, -ī m.: game, sport; school, 2
afficiō, -ere, -fēcī, fectum: influence, treat, 13 medius, -a, -um: middle of, 10
Alcmēna, -ae f.: Alcmena, 4 Medūsa, -ae f.: Medusa, 6
alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 9 mōnstrō (1): show, demonstrate, 3
appropinquō (1): come near, approach, 8 mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14
atrium, atriī n.: atrium, 3 moveō, -ēre, mōvī, mōtum: move, arouse, 3
avus, avī m.: grandfather, 2 nam: for, 6
cāsus, -ūs m.: misfortune, accident, event, 8 nec: and not, nor, 10
certāmen, -minis n.: struggle, contest, 2 necō (1): kill, slay, put to death, 9
commoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtum: move, nepōs, nepōtis m.: grandson, decendent, 2
trouble, upset, 14 nox, noctis, f.: night, 7
contendō, -ere, -ī, -tum: hasten; fight, 11 nūntius, -iī m.: messenger, 12
cōnveniō, -īre, vēnī, ventum: come together 8 occīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsum: kill, cut down, 14
cubiculum, -ī n.: bedroom ōdī, -isse: hate
cubō (1): lie down, recline ōlim: once, formerly, 10
cūnae, -ārum f.: cradle ōrāculum, -ī n.: oracle, 11
discus, -ī m.: discus, 2 Polydectēs, -is m.: Polydectes, 7
dormiō, -īre, -īvī: sleep, 8 propter: on account of, because of, 6
duo, duae, duo: two, 10 refugiō, -ere, -fūgī: flee back, 5
ēdīcō, -ere, -xī, -dictum: declare, proclaim, 4 rēgia, -ae f.: palace, 4
excitō (1): excite, rouse, incite, 8 rēgīna, -ae f.: queen, 2
fātum, -ī n.: fate, ruin, death, 2 saevus, -a, -um: savage, fierce, 3
fīlius, -iī m.: son, 10 scūtum, -ī n.: shield, 2
fors, fortis f.: luck, chance; forte by chance, 2 serpēns, serpentis f.: serpent, 6
frāter, -tris m.: brother, 5 simul: at the same time; at once, together, 10
frūstrā: in vain, for nothing, 13 somnus, -ī m.: sleep, 14
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, --: flee, hurry away, 9 spectātor, -tōris m.: spectator, observer
Graecia, -ae f.: Greece, 7 stō, -āre, stetī, stātum: stand, 8
ineō, -īre, -iī, -itum: go into, enter, 4 terror, terrōris m.: terror, fright, 4
īnfāns, -fantis m. f.: infant, 2 Thessalia, -ae f.: Thessaly, 4
irrumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptum: burst in, 2 timeō, -ēre, -uī: fear, dread, 6
inter: between, among (+ acc.), 10 uxor, uxōris f.: wife, spouse, 10
īra, īrae f.: anger, 12 validus, -a, -um: strong
iste, ista, istud: that or those (of yours), 7 vertō, -ere, vertī, versum: turn, 4
itaque: and so, 8 vītō (1): avoid, 2
Iūnō, -ōnis m.: Juno, 3

1 haec: these (things); neut. substantive 13 partēs: directions

īrā…commōtus est: see p. 5, line 24 ēdīxerat: appointed
2 contendit: hastened; common in Caesar 14 ad: for…; ad often expresses purpose
eō: (to) there; adv.; ibi is “there,” inde 15 iniit: pf. in-eō
is “from there,” and eō is “to there” 16 cāsū: by chance; 4th decl. abl. of manner
3 magnō timōre: abl. of means eium: of that…; demon. adjective
5 simul atque: as soon as; ‘at the same time forte: by chance; abl. as adverb, fors
as’ 21 omnium hominum: of…; partitive gen.
8 rediit: pf. red-eō fuisse dīcitur: is said to have been; pf.
9 magnō terrōre: abl. of means inf. sum; superlative validissimus as pred.
10 istud: neut. sg. with ōrāculum (cf. illud) 22 ōderat: plpf., simple past in sense
11 frūstrā: adverb 23 hae (serpentēs): these; nom. subject
12 fēcit: produced; i.e. organized mediā nocte: in…; abl. of time when
12 Heracles

13. HERCULES AND THE SERPENTS 1

Īphiclēs, frāter Herculis, magnā vōce exclāmāvit; sed Herculēs
ipse, fortissimus puer, haudquāquam territus est. Parvīs manibus
serpentēs statim prehendit, et colla eārum magnā vī compressit.
Tālī modō serpentēs ā puerō interfectae sunt. Alcmēna autem, 5
māter puerōrum, clamōrem audīverat, et marītum suum ē somnō
excitāverat. Ille lūmen accendit et gladium suum rapuit; tum ad
puerōs properābat, sed ubi ad locum vēnit, rem mīram vīdit,
Herculēs enim rīdēbat et serpentēs mortuās mōnstrābat.
10
14. THE MUSIC-LESSON
Herculēs ā puerō corpus suum dīligenter exercēbat; magnam
partem diēī in palaestrā consūmēbat; didicit etiam arcum intendere
et tēla conicere. Hīs exercitātiōnibus vīrēs eius cōnfirmātae sunt. In
musicā etiam ā Linō centaurō ērudiēbātur (centaurī autem equī 15
erant sed caput hominis habēbant); huic tamen artī minus dīligenter
studēbat. Hic Linus Herculem ōlim obiurgābat, quod nōn studiōsus
erat; tum puer īrātus citharam subitō rapuit, et omnibus vīribus
caput magistrī īnfēlīcis percussit. Ille ictū prōstrātus est, et paulō
post ē vītā excessit, neque quisquam posteā id officium suscipere 20
voluit.

15. HERCULES ESCAPES SACRIFICE

Dē Hercule haec etiam inter alia nārrantur. Ōlim dum iter facit, in
fīnēs Aegyptiōrum vēnit. Ibi rēx quīdam, nōmine Būsīris, illō 25
tempore rēgnābat; hic autem vir crūdēlissimus hominēs immolāre
cōnsuēverat. Herculem igitur corripuit et in vincula coniēcit. Tum
 Heracles 13

accendō, -ere, -ndī, -cēnsum: kindle, light, 2 īrātus, -a, -um: angry, 5
Aegyptiī, -ōrum m.: Egyptians Linus, -ī m.: Linus, 2
Alcmēna, -ae f.: Alcmena, 4 lūmen, lūminis n.: light, 3
alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 9 magister, magistrī m.: teacher
arcus, -ūs m.; bow, 4 marītus, -ī m.: husband, 3
ars, artis f.: skill, craft, art, 5 minum: less
Būsīris, -idis m.: Busiris mīrus, -a, -um: wonderful, amazing, 7
centaurus, -ī m.: centaur, 12 mōnstrō (1): show, demonstrate, 3
cithara, -ae f.: cithera, lyre mortuus, -a, -um: dead, 7
clāmor, -ōris m.: shout, roar, applause, 4 mūsica, -ae f.: music
collum, -ī n.; neck, 6 nārrō (1): narrate, relate, 7
comprimō, -ere, -pressī: press together, 2 nōmen, nōminis, n.: name, 12
cōnfirmō (1): make strong, strengthen, 5 obiurgō (1): child, scold, reproach, 2
cōnsuēscō, -ere, -ēvī, -suētum: accustom, 3 officium, -iī, n.: duty, 2
cōnsūmō, -ere, -mpsī, -mptum: take, spend 9 ōlim: once, formerly, 10
corripiō, -ere, -uī, -reptum: snatch (up), 6 palaestra, -ae f.: wrestling-court
crūdēlis, -e: cruel, bitter, bloody, 6 parvus, -a, -um: small, 3
diligenter: carefully, diligently, 3 percutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussum: strike, 2
discō, -ere, didicī: learn, come to know posteā: after this, afterwards, 7
equus, -ī m.: horse, 7 prehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hēnsum: seize, 5
ērudiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītum: instruct properō (1): hasten
excēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum: go out, depart, 2 prōsternō, -ere, -strāvī, -ātum: lay out, 3
excitō (1): excite, rouse, incite, 8 quisquam, quidquam: anyone, anything, 4
exclāmō (1): cry out, 3 rapiō, -ere, rapuī, raptum: seize, snatch, 5
exerceō, -ēre, -uī, -ercitum: train, exercise. rēgnō (1): rule, reign, 3
exercitātiō, -tiōnis f.: training, exercise rīdeō, -ēre, rīsī, -rīsum: laugh
fīnis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 serpēns, serpentis f.: serpent, 6
fortis, -e: strong, brave, valiant, 5 somnus, -ī m.: sleep, 14
frāter, -tris m.: brother, 5 studeō, -ēre, -uī: be eager, be enthusiastic
gladius, -ī m.: sword, 10 studiōsus, -a, -um: eager, diligent, studious
haudquāquam: not at all, in no way, 2 suscipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: undertake, 14
ictus, -ūs m.: strike, blow, 4 tālis, -e: such, 6
immolō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum: sacrifice tēlum, -ī n.: weapon, arrow, spear, 3
īnfēlīx, -fēlīcis: unhappy, unfortunate, 2 terreō, -ēre, -uī, territum: terrify, scare, 5
intendō, -ere, -ndī, -ntum: stretch out, aim, 4 vinculum, -ī n.: bond, chain, 4
inter: between, among (+ acc.), 10 vīta, -ae, f.: life, 9
Īphiclēs, -is m.: Iphicles vōx, vōcis, f.: voice, 9

1 magnā vōce: in a loud…; abl. of manner, studeō, ‘be eager or enthusiastic for (dat.)’
loses prep. ‘cum’ when there is an adj. 16 minum: comp. adv. modifies dīligenter
3 magnā vī: with great force; abl. of manner; 18 vīribum: cf. line 14, abl. of means, note
irreg. abl. sg. vīs that this word is 3rd decl. while vir, virī
4 tālī modō: in such a way; abl. of manner, ‘man’ is 2nd decl.
abl. sg. 3rd decl. i-stem adj. tālis, -e 19 paulō: (by) a little; abl. of degree of
12 ā puerō: from boyhood difference modifies adverbial post, ‘later’
13 diēī: partitive gen. sg. 5th decl. diēs 20 ē vītā excessit: euphemism for dying
didicit: pf. discō id officium: this duty; demon. adj.
14 vīrēs: strength; fem. pl. of vīs, which 24 Dē: about…
translates as ‘force’ in the sg. haec: these (things); neuter acc. pl.
eium: gen. sg., is, ea, id 25 nōmine: by name; abl. of respect
16 huic…artī: dat. sg. ars, artis f.; obj. of illō tempore: at…; abl. of time when
14 Heracles

nūntiōs dīmīsit et diem sacrificiō ēdīxit. Mox ea diēs appetēbat, et 1

omnia rīte parāta sunt. Manūs Herculis catēnīs ferreīs vīnctae sunt,
et mola salsa in caput eius īnspersa est. Mōs enim erat apud
antīquōs salem et far capitibus victimārum impōnere. Iam victima
ad āram stābat; iam sacerdōs cultrum sūmpserat. Subitō tamen 5
Herculēs magnō cōnātū vincula perrūpit; tum ictū sacerdōtem
prōstrāvit; alterō rēgem ipsum occīdit.

16. A CRUEL DEED

Herculēs iam adulēscēns Thēbīs habitābat. Rēx Thēbārum, vir 10
ignāvus, Creōn appellābātur. Minyae, gēns bellicōsissima,
Thēbānīs fīnitimī erant. Lēgātī autem ā Minyīs ad Thēbānōs
quotannīs mittēbantur; hī Thēbās veniēbant et centum bovēs
postulābant. Thēbānī enim ōlim ā Minyīs superātī erant; tribūta
igitur rēgī Minyārum quotannīs pendēbant. At Herculēs cīvēs suōs 15
hōc stipendiō līberāre cōnstituit; lēgātōs igitur comprehendit, atque
aurēs eōrum abscīdit. Lēgātī autem apud omnēs gentēs sānctī
habentur.

17. THE DEFEAT OF THE MINYAE 20

Ergīnus, rēx Minyārum, ob haec vehementer īrātus statim cum
omnibus cōpiīs in fīnēs Thēbānōrum contendit. Creōn adventum
eius per explōrātōrēs cognōvit. Ipse tamen pugnāre nōluit, nam
magnō timōre affectus erat; Thēbānī igitur Herculem imperātōrem
creāvērunt. Ille nūntiōs in omnēs partēs dīmisit, et cōpiās coēgit; 25
tum proximō diē cum magnō exercitū profectus est. Locum
idōneum dēlēgit et aciem īnstrūxit. Tum Thēbānī ē superiōre locō
 Heracles 15

abscīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsum: cut away or off, 5 īnspergō, -ere, -ersī, -ersum: sprinkle upon
aciēs, -ēī f.: sharp edge, battle line, army, 3 īnstruō, -ere, -ūxī, -ūctum: equip, draw up, 6
adulēscēns, -entis: young (man), youth(ful), 3 īrātus, -a, -um: angry, 5
adventus, -ūs m.: arrival, approach, 3 lēgātus, -ī m.: ambassador, legate, 3
afficiō, -ere, -fēcī, fectum: influence, treat, 13 līberō (1): set free, release, 6
alter, -era, -erum: other (of two), second, 7 Minyae, -ārum f.: Minyae, 5
antīquus, -a, -um: ancient, 3 mola, -ae f.: meal
appellō (1): call (by name), name, 12 mōs, mōris m.: custom, manner, law, 6
appetō, -ere, -īvī, -petītum: draw near, 3 nam: for, 6
apud: among, in the presence of (+ acc.), 9 nōlō, nōlle, nōluī: not…wish, be unwilling 12
āra, -ae f.: altar, 2 nūntius, -iī m.: messenger, 12
auris, -is f.: ear ob: on account of (acc.), 13
bellicōsus, -a, -um: warlike, 2 occīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsum: kill, cut down, 14
catēna, -ae f.: chain, 2 ōlim: once, formerly, 10
centum: hundred, 3 pendō, -ere, pependī, pēnsum: pay, hang
cīvis, -is m/f: citizen, fellow citizen, 5 perrumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptum: break
cōgō, cōgere, -ēgī, -āctum: collect, compel, 5 through, 2
comprehendō, -ere, -dī, -sum: grasp, seize, 3 postulō (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11
cōnātus, -ūs m.: attempt, effort, 7 prōsternō, -ere, -strāvī, -ātum: lay out, 3
contendō, -ere, -ī, -tum: hasten; fight, 11 proximus, -a, -um: nearest, next, 5
cōpia, -ae f.: abundance, supply; troops, 10 pugnō (1): fight, 4
creō (1): create, 2 quotannīs: every year, yearly, 2
Creōn, -ntis m.: Creon, 5 rīte: duly, fitly
culter, cultrī m.: knife sacerdōs, -dōtis m. f.: priest(ess), 2
dēligō, -ere, -lēgī, -lectum: choose, select, 6 sacrificium, -iī n.: sacrifice, 5
dēmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: drop, 3 sāl, salis m.: salt
ēmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: send out, 2 salsus, -a, -um: salted, salty
Ergīnus, -ī m.: Erginus sānctus, -a, -um: sacred, holy
exercitus, -ūs m.: army, 2 stīpendium, -ī n.: tax, tribute
explōrātor, -ōris m.: scout, spy stō, -āre, stetī, stātum: stand, 8
far, farris n.: spelt (wheat), sacrifical meal sūmō, -ere, sūmpsī, sūmptum: take, 3
ferreus, -a, -um: of iron, iron superior, -ium: higher, upper, 3
fīnis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 superō (1): overcome, defeat, 3
fīnitimus, -a, -um: neighboring, bordering, 2 Thēbae, -ārum f.: Thebes, 4
gēns, gentis f.: clan, race, nation, herd, 4 Thēbānī, -ōrum m.: Theban, 7
ictus, -ūs m.: strike, blow, 4 tribūtum, -ī n.: tribute, tax, contribution
idōneus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 vehementer: strongly, violently, ardently, 11
ignāvus, -a, -um: lazy, cowardly, 2 victima, -ae f.: victim, 2
imperātor, -ōris m.: commander vīnciō, -īre, vīnxī, vīnctum: bind, tie, 4
impōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum: place on, 7 vinculum, -ī n.: bond, chain, 4

1 sacrificiō: for sacrifice; dat. of purpose 12 Thēbānīs: Thebans; dat. with a special
ēdīxit: appointed, proclaimed adj. fīnitimī
ea diēs: this day; a demonstrative adj. 13 hī: these; i.e. the lēgātī, envoys
3 Mōs erat: it was the custom to; impersonal Thēbās: Thebes; place to which, towns
4 capitibum: on…; dat. of compound verb and cities do no require ‘ad’
magnō cōnātū: with…; abl. of manner 15 pendēbant: used to pay; iterative impf
7 alterō (ictū): with another blow; abl. means 16 hōc stipendiō: from…; abl. separation
10 Thēbīs: in Thebes; locative (place where) 18 habentur: are held (to be); + nom. pred.
11 Creōn: nom. predicate 22 cōpiīs: troops; as often in Caesar
bellicōsissima: superlative adj. 26 profectus est: set out; pf. dep. proficiscor
16 Heracles

impetum in hostēs fēcērunt. Illī autem impetum sustinēre nōn 1

potuērunt; itaque aciēs hostium pulsa est atque in fugam conversa.

18. MADNESS AND MURDER

Post hoc proelium Herculēs cōpiās suās ad urbem redūxit. Omnēs 5
Thēbānī propter victōriam maximē gaudēbant; Creōn autem
magnīs honōribus Herculem decorāvit, atque fīliam suam eī in
mātrimōnium dedit. Herculēs cum uxōre suā beātam vītam agēbat;
sed post paucōs annōs subitō in furōrem incidit, atque līberōs suōs
ipse suā manū occīdit. Post breve tempus ad sānitātem reductus est, 10
et propter hoc facinus magnō dolōre affectus est; mox ex urbe
effūgit et in silvās sē recēpit. Nolēbant enim cīvēs sermōnem cum
eō habēre.

19. HERCULES CONSULTS THE ORACLE 15

Herculēs tantum scelus expiāre magnopere cupiēbat. Cōnstituit
igitur ad ōrāculum Delphicum īre; hoc enim ōrāculum erat omnium
celeberrimum. Ibi templum erat Apollinis plūrimīs dōnīs ornātum.
Hōc in templō sedēbat fēmina quaedam, nōmine Pythia, et
cōnsilium dabat eīs quī ad ōrāculum veniēbant. Haec autem fēmina 20
ab ipsō Apolline docēbātur, et voluntātem deī hominibus
ēnūntiābat. Herculēs igitur, quī Apollinem praecipuē colēbat, hūc
vēnit. Tum rem tōtam exposuit, neque scelus cēlāvit.

20. THE ORACLE'S REPLY 25

Ubi Hercules fīnem fēcit, Pythia prīmō tacēbat; tandem tamen
iussit eum ad urbem Tīryntha īre, et Eurystheī rēgis omnia
imperāta facere. Herculēs ubi haec audīvit, ad urbem illam
contendit, et Eurystheō rēgī sē in servitūtem trādidit. Duodecim
 Heracles 17

aciēs, -ēī f.: sharp edge, battle line, army, 3 impetus, -ūs m.: attack, onset, assault, 9
afficiō, -ere, -fēcī, fectum: influence, treat, 13 incidō, -ere, -cidī: fall into, fall upon, 3
agō, agere, ēgī, āctum: drive, lead, spend, 13 itaque: and so, 8
Apollō, Apollinis m.: Apollo, 7 līberī, -ōrum m.: children
beātus, -a, -um: blessed, happy, 3 mātrimōnium, -iī n.: marriage, 6
celeber, -bris, -bre: frequented, celebrated, 2 maximē: especially, very greatly, 5
cēlō (1): hide, conceal, 5 nōlō, nōlle, nōluī: not…wish, be unwilling 12
cīvis, -is m/f: citizen, fellow citizen, 5 nōmen, nōminis, n.: name, 12
colō, -ere, coluī, cultum: cultivate, cherish, 3 occīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsum: kill, cut down, 14
contendō, -ere, -ī, -tum: hasten; fight, 11 ōrāculum, -ī n.: oracle, 11
convertō, -ere, -ī, -rsum: turn (around), 6 ōrnō (1): equip, adorn
cōpia, -ae f.: abundance, supply; troops, 10 plūrimus, -a, -um: most, very many, 3
Creōn, -ntis m.: Creon, 5 praecipuē; especially, 2
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītum: desire, long for, 4 proelium, -iī n.: battle, 4
decorō (1): adorn, distinguish, 2 propter: on account of, because of, 6
Delphicus, -a, -um: Delphic Pȳthia, -ae f.: Pythia, 4
doceō, -ēre, -uī, -ctum: teach, tell, 9 recipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: accept, take
dōnum, -ī n.: gift, 6 back, 8
duodecim: twelve, 6 redūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -tum: lead/bring back, 11
effugiō, -ere, -fūgī: flee away, escape sānitās, -tātis f.: soundness, sanity
ēnūntiō (1): speak out scelus, sceleris n.: wickedness, crime, 4
eō, īre, iī (īvī), itūrum: go, 3 sedeō, -ēre, sēdī, sessum: sit, 6
expiō (1): atone for, expiate, 2 sermō, sermōnis m.: conversation, talk, 2
expōnō, -ere, -suī, -situm: set out, explain 7 servitūs, servitūtis, f.: servitude, 2
facinus, facinoris n.: bad deed, crime, 1 silva, -ae f.: wood, forest, woodland, 7
fēmina, -ae f.: woman, 3 sustineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold up, endure 7
fīnis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 taceō, -ēre, -uī, -itum: be silent, 2
fuga, -ae f.: flight, haste, exile, speed, 6 templum, -ī n.: temple, 3
furor, -ōris m.: rage, fury, madness, 4 Thēbānī, -ōrum m.: Theban, 7
gaudeō, -ēre, gāvīsus sum: enjoy, rejoice, 4 Tīryns, Tirynthis f. (acc. Tiryntha): Tiryns
honor, -ōris m.: honor, glory; offering, 4 uxor, uxōris f.: wife, spouse, 10
hostis, -is m./f.: stranger, enemy, foe, 5 victōria, -ae f.: victory
hūc: this place, hither, 2 vīta, -ae, f.: life, 9
imperō (1): order, command, 12 voluntās, -tātis f.: will, wish, permission, 1

1 in hostēs: against…; as often in battle 20 eīs: dat. pl. ind. obj. with dabat
2 in fugam: flight 21 hominibum: dat. pl. ind. obj.
5 cōpiās: troops 22 colēbat: used to worship; iterative
7 eī: him; dat. sg. ind. obj. is, ea, id hūc: here; place to which of hīc
8 agēbat: lived; idiom with vītam scelum: neuter acc. sg.
10 ipse: he himself; supply a subject 26 prīmō: at first; adverb
11 affectus est: was afflicted īre: go; inf. eō
12 sē recēpit: retreated; sē recipiere is a 27 Tīryntha: Grk. acc. sg.
common idiom for “retreat” Eurystheī rēgis: gen. sg.
16 tantum scelum: neuter acc. sg. 28 imperāta: commands; ‘things having been
17 īre: go; inf. eō commanded’ neuter acc. pl. PPP (pf. pass.
omnium: partitive gen. with superlative pple) of imperō
18 celeberrimum: predicate, superlative adj. 29 Eurystheō rēgī: dat. ind. obj.
erat…ornātum: ornātum erat, plpf. pass.
18 Heracles

annōs crūdēlissimō Eurystheō serviēbat, et duodecim labōrēs, quōs 1

ille imperāverat, cōnfēcit; hōc enim ūnō modō tantum scelus
expiārī potuit. Dē hīs labōribus plūrima ā poētīs scrīpta sunt. Multa
tamen quae poētae nārrant vix crēdibilia sunt.
5
st
21. 1 LABOR: THE NEMEAN LION
Prīmum ab Eurystheō iussus est Herculēs leōnem occīdere quī illō
tempore vallem Nemeaeam reddēbat īnfēstam. In silvās igitur in
quibus leō habitābat statim sē contulit. Mox feram vīdit, et arcum,
quem sēcum attulerat, intendit; eius tamen pellem, quae dēnsissima 10
erat, trāicere nōn potuit. Tum clāvā magnā quam semper gerēbat
leōnem percussit, frūstrā tamen; neque enim hōc modō eum
occīdere potuit. Tum dēmum collum mōnstrī bracchiīs suīs
complexus est et faucēs eius omnibus vīribus compressit. Hōc
modō leō brevī tempore exanimātus est; nūlla enim respīrandī 15
facultās eī dabātur. Tum Herculēs cadāver ad oppidum in umerīs
rettulit; et pellem, quam dētrāxerat, posteā prō veste gerēbat.
Omnēs autem quī eam regiōnem incolēbant, ubi fāmam dē morte
leōnis accēpērunt, vehementer gaudēbant et Herculem magnō
honōre habēbant. 20

22. 2nd LABOR: THE LERNEAN HYDRA

Paulō post iussus est ab Eurystheō Hydram necāre. Hoc autem
mōnstrum erat cui novem erant capita. Herculēs igitur cum amīcō
Iolaō profectus est ad palūdem Lernaeam, in quā Hydra habitābat. 25
Mox mōnstrum invēnit, et quamquam rēs erat magnī perīculī,
 Heracles 19

afferō, -ferre, attulī, allātum: carry to bring 5 leō, leōnis m.: lion, 5
amīcus, -ī m.: friend, 6 Lernaeus, -a, -um: of Lerna
arcus, -ūs m.; bow, 4 mors, mortis, f.: death, 9
bracchium, -ī n.: arm, 2 nārrō (1): narrate, relate, 7
cadāver, -eris n.: corpse, dead body, 3 necō (1): kill, slay, put to death, 9
clāva, -ae f.: club Nemeaeus, -a, -um: of Nemea
collum, -ī n.; neck, 6 novem: nine, 3
complector, -plectī, -plexus sum: embrace, 3 occīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsum: kill, cut down, 14
comprimō, -ere, -pressī: press together, 2 oppidum, -ī n.: town, 4
crēdibilis, -e: credible, 2 palūs, palūdis f.: swamp, marsh, 3
crūdēlis, -e: cruel, bitter, bloody, 6 pellis, -is f.: hide, skin, pelt, 2
dēmum: at length, finally, 3 percutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussum: strike, 2
dēnsus, -a, -um: thick, 2 plūrimus, -a, -um: most, very many, 3
dētrahō, -ere, -āxī, -actum: draw away/off, 2 poēta, -ae m.: poet, 4
duodecim: twelve, 6 posteā: after this, afterwards, 7
exanimō (1): kill, exhaust, 9 prō: before, in front of, for, 9
expiō (1): expiate, 2 quamquam: although, 4
facultās, -tātis f.: ability, opportunity, 5 reddō, -ere, didī, dditum: give back, render 4
fāma, -ae f.: fame, reputation, report, rumor 7 respīrō (1): breathe back, breathe out, 2
faucēs, -ium f.: throat, 2 scelus, sceleris n.: wickedness, crime, 4
fera, -ae f.: wild animal, beast scrībō, -ere, scrīpsī, scrīptum: write, 2
frūstrā: in vain, for nothing, 13 semper: always, ever, forever, 2
gaudeō, -ēre, gāvīsus sum: enjoy, rejoice, 4 serviō, -īre, -īvī, -ītum: be slave to, serve
honor, -ōris m.: honor, glory; offering, 4 silva, -ae f.: wood, forest, woodland, 7
Hydra, -ae f.: Hydra (many-headed snake), 5 trāiciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectum: pierce, throw
imperō (1): order, command, 12 across
incolō, -ere, -uī: inhabit, 4 umerus, -ī m.: shoulder, 3
īnfēstus, -a, -um: unsafe, dangerous; hostile vallis, -is f.: valley, vale, 2
intendō, -ere, -ndī, -ntum: stretch out, aim, 4 vehementer: strongly, violently, ardently, 11
inveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum: find, discover 8 vestis, -is f.: clothing, 12
Iolāus, -ī m.: Iolaus vix: with difficulty, with effort, scarcely, 5

1 annōs: for…; acc. of duration distinguish it from vir, virī

serviēbat: served; governs a dative object complexus est: a deponent verb; translate
2 hōc…ūnō modō: in this one way; manner as a perfect active verb
scelum: nom. subj., neuter sg. 15 brevī tempore: at…; abl. time when,
3 expiārī: passive inf. expiō, expiāre 3rd decl. i-stem abl. sg.
plūrima: very many (things); neuter pl. respīrandī: gen. sg. of the gerund (-ing)
subject, superlative of multus modifying nom. sg. facultās
multa: many things; subject 16 eī: dat. sg. indirect object of is, ea, id
7 prīmum: first (of all); adverbial acc. 17 rettulit: pf. referō
illō tempore: at…; abl. time when 19 magnō honōre: in great honor
9 sē contulit: carried himself; i.e. he went, 23 paulō: a little; abl. of degree of difference
pf. cōnferō 24 cui…erant: (the one) to whom there were;
10 sēcum: cum sē i.e. ‘who had’ or ‘whose…were’ dat. of
attulerat: plpf. afferō possession is common with a form of sum
11 gerēbat: he was carrying 25 profectus est: pf. dep. proficīscor,
12 frustrā: in vain; adverb translate as pf. active
hōc modō: in this way; abl. of manner 26 magnī perīculī: of great danger; genitive
14 vīribum: with strength; abl. of means, of description in the predicative position
pl. of vīs, ‘force;’ 3rd declension endings
20 Heracles

collum eius sinistrā prehendit. Tum dextrā capita novem abscīdere 1

coepit; quotiēns tamen hoc fēcerat, nova capita exoriēbantur. Diū
frūstrā labōrābat; tandem hōc cōnātū dēstitit. Deinde arborēs
succīdere et ignem accendere cōnstituit. Hoc celeriter fēcit, et
postquam ligna ignem comprehendērunt, face ārdente colla adūssit, 5
unde capita exoriēbantur. Nec tamen sine magnō labōre haec fēcit;
vēnit enim auxiliō Hydrae cancer ingēns, quī, dum Herculēs capita
abscīdit, crūra eius mordēbat. Postquam mōnstrum tālī modō
interfēcit, sagittās suās sanguine eius imbuit, itaque mortiferās
reddidit. 10

23. 3rd LABOR: THE CERYNEAN STAG

Postquam Eurystheō caedēs Hydrae nūntiāta est, magnus timor
animum eius occupāvit. Iussit igitur Herculem cervum quendam ad
sē referre; nōluit enim virum tantae audāciae in urbe retinēre. Hic 15
autem cervus, cuius cornua aurea fuisse trāduntur, incrēdibilī fuit
celeritāte. Herculēs igitur prīmō vestīgiīs eum in silvā
persequēbātur; deinde ubi cervum ipsum vīdit, omnibus vīribus
currere coepit. Ūsque ad vesperum currēbat, neque nocturnum
tempus sibi ad quiētem relinquēbat, frūstrā tamen; nūllō enim 20
modō cervum cōnsequī poterat. Tandem postquam tōtum annum
cucurrerat (ita trāditur), cervum cursū exanimātum cēpit, et vīvum
ad Eurystheum rettulit.

24. 4th LABOR: THE ERYMANTHIAN BOAR

Tum vērō iussus est Herculēs aprum quendam capere quī illō 25
tempore agrōs Erymanthiōs vāstābat et incolās huius regiōnis
magnopere terrēbat. Herculēs rem suscēpit et in Arcadiam
 Heracles 21

abscīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsum: cut away or off, 5 incrēdibilis, -e: incredible, 2
accendō, -ere, -ndī, -cēnsum: kindle, light, 2 itaque: and so, 8
adūrō, -ūrere, -ūssī, ūstum: set fire to, burn labōrō (1): work, toil, labor, strive, 2
ager, -grī m.: land, field, territory, 11 lignum, -ī n.: wood, 3
aper, aprī m.: wild boar, 3 mordeō, -ere, momordī, morsum: bite
arbor, arboris f.: tree, 5 mortifer, -fera, -ferum: death-bearing, 2
Arcadia, -ae f.: Arcadia, 2 nec: and not, nor, 10
ārdeō, -ēre, ārsī, ārsum: be on fire, burn, 3 nocturnus, -a, -um: nocturnal, 2
audācia, -ae f.: boldness, audacity, 2 nōlō, nōlle, nōluī: not…wish, be unwilling 12
aureus, -a, -um: golden, 13 novem: nine, 3
caedēs, -is f.: slaughter, killing novus, -a, -um: new, 4
cancer, -cancrī m.: crab nūntiō (1): announce, 3
celeritās, -tātis f.: speed, quickness, 7 occupō (1): occupy, seize, 8
celeriter: swiftly, quickly persequor, -sequī, -secūtus sum: follow up
cervus, -ī m.: stag, 5 prehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hēnsum: seize, 5
collum, -ī n.; neck, 6 quiēs, quiētis f.: rest, repose, sleep, 5
comprehendō, -ere, -dī, -sum: grasp, seize, 3 quotiēns: as often as, 2
cōnātus, -ūs m.: attempt, effort, 7 reddō, -ere, didī, dditum: give back, render 4
cōnsequor, -ī, secūtum: follow; pursue, 3 relinquō, -ere, -līquī, -lictum: leave behind, 9
cornū, -ūs n.: horn, 2 retineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold/keep back, 3
crūs, crūris n.: leg sagitta, -ae f.: arrow, 10
currō, -ere, cucurrī, cursum: run, rush, fly, 4 sanguis, sanguinis m.: blood, 6
cursus, -ūs m.: course, running, haste, 10 silva, -ae f.: wood, forest, woodland, 7
deinde: then, thereupon, 8 sinistra, -ae f.: left hand
dēsistō, -ere, -stitī, -stitum: desist, stop, 5 succīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsum: cut down or off
dexter, -tra, -trum: right (hand); favorable suscipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: undertake, 14
diū: a long time, long, 13 tālis, -e: such, 6
Erymanthius, -a, -um: of Erymanthus terreō, -ēre, -uī, territum: terrify, scare, 5
exanimō (1): kill, exhaust, 9 unde: whence, from which source, 6
exorior, -orīrī, -ortus sum: arise from, rise, 2 ūsque: all the way to, up to, continuously, 2
fax, facis f.: torch, firebrand, 2 vāstō (1): lay waste, 2
frūstrā: in vain, for nothing, 13 vērō: in truth, in fact, certainly, 5
Hydra, -ae f.: Hydra (many-headed snake), 5 vesper, vesperī m.: evening, 4
ignis, ignis, m.: fire, 9 vestīgium, -iī n.: track, foot-print, 4
imbuō, -uere, -buī, -būtum: wet, soak, 2 vīvus, -a, -um: living, alive, 4
incola, -ae m.: inhabitant, 7

1 sinistrā (manū): with is left (hand); abl. of 9 mortiferās reddidit: rendered (the arrows)
means deadly; mortiferās is acc. pred.
dextrā (manū): abl. means 15 referre: irreg. inf. of re-ferō
exoriēbantur: impf. deponent tantae audāciae: of…; gen. of description
3 frūstrā: in vain; adverb 16 fuisse: pf. inf. sum
hōc cōnātū: from…; abl. of separation trāduntur: are reported
5 ligna: nom. subject, neuter plural incrēdibilī celeritāte: of…; abl. of quality
face ārdente: abl. abs.; pres. pple ārdeō 17 prīmō: adverb
7 auxiliō Hydrae: as help for the Hydra; 18 persequēbātur: impf. dep., translate act.
‘for help,’ double dative (dat. purpose and 20 sibi: for him; dat. of interest
dat. of interest) 21 cōnsequī: catch up with; dep. inf.
8 eium: gen. sg. is, ea, id; i.e. Heracles’ 22 ita trāditur: thus it is reported
talī modō: in such a way; abl. of manner, 23 rettulit: pf. referō
3rd decl. i-stem abl. 25 illō tempore: in…; abl. of time when
22 Heracles

profectus est. Postquam in silvam paulum prōgressus est, aprō 1

occurrit. Ille autem simul atque Herculem vīdit, statim refūgit; et
timōre perterritus in altam fossam sē proiēcit. Herculēs igitur
laqueum quem attulerat iniēcit, et summā cum difficultāte aprum ē
fossā extrāxit. Ille etsī fortiter repugnābat, nūllō modō sē līberāre 5
potuit; et ab Hercule ad Eurystheum vīvus relātus est.

25. HERCULES AT THE CENTAUR'S CAVE

Dē quartō lābōre, quem suprā nārrāvimus, haec etiam trāduntur.
Herculēs dum iter in Arcadiam facit, ad eam regiōnem vēnit quam 10
centaurī incolēbant. Cum nox iam appeteret, ad spēluncam dēvertit
in quā centaurus quīdam, nōmine Pholus, habitābat.
Ille Herculem benignē excēpit et cēnam parāvit. At Herculēs
postquam cēnāvit, vīnum ā Pholō postulāvit. Erat autem in
spēluncā magna amphora vīnō optimō replēta, quam centaurī ibi 15
dēposuerant. Pholus igitur hoc vīnum dare nolēbat, quod reliquōs
centaurōs timēbat; nūllum tamen vīnum praeter hoc in spēluncā
habēbat. "Hoc vīnum," inquit, "mihi commissum est. Sī igitur hoc
dabō, centaurī mē interficient." Herculēs tamen eum irrīsit, et ipse
pōculum vīnī dē amphorā hausit. 20

26. THE FIGHT WITH THE CENTAURS

Simul atque amphora aperta est, odor iūcundissimus undique
diffūsus est; vīnum enim suāvissimum erat. Centaurī nōtum
odōrem sēnsērunt et omnēs ad locum convēnērunt. Ubi ad 25
spēluncam pervēnērunt, magnopere īrātī erant quod Herculem
 Heracles 23

afferō, -ferre, attulī, allātum: carry to bring 5 iūcundus, -a, -um: pleasant, sweet
altus, -a, -um: high, lofty, tall, 2 laqueus, -ī m.: noose
amphora, -ae f.: amphora, jar, 3 līberō (1): set free, release, 6
aper, aprī m.: wild boar, 3 nārrō (1): narrate, relate, 7
aperiō, -īre, -uī, -ertum: open, disclose, 3 nōlō, nōlle, nōluī: not…wish, be unwilling 12
appetō, -ere, -īvī, -petītum: draw near, 3 nōmen, nōminis, n.: name, 12
Arcadia, -ae f.: Arcadia, 2 nōtus, -a, -um: known, familiar, 3
benignus, -a, -um: kind, 4 nox, noctis, f.: night, 7
cēna, -ae f.: dinner, 5 occurrō, -ere: run into, meet, attack, 2
centaurus, -ī m.: centaur, 12 odor, odōris m.: smell, odor, 2
cēnō (1): dine, eat dinner, 2 optimus, -a, -um: best, noblest, finest
committō, -mittere, -mīsī: commit, entrust, 6 perterreō, -ēre: frighten, terrify, 5
cōnveniō, -īre, vēnī, ventum: come together 8 Pholus, -ī m.: Pholus, 6
dēpōnō, -ere, -suī, -situm: put down/aside, 9 pōculum, -ī n.: cup, 7
dēvertō, -ere, -vertī: turn away, turn aside postulō (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11
difficultās, -tātis f.: difficulty, 7 praeter: except, besides, 2
diffundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsum: pour out prōiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectum: throw forth, 4
etsī: even if, although, though, 13 quartus, -a, -um: one-fourth, 3
excipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptum: take out, receive 9 refugiō, -ere, -fūgī: flee back, 5
extrahō, -ere, -trāxī, -tractum: draw out, 2 repleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētum: fill again, fill, 4
fortiter: bravely, 2 repugnō (1): fight against, oppose, resist, 2
fossa, -ae f.: ditch, trench, 3 silva, -ae f.: wood, forest, woodland, 7
hauriō, haurīre, hausī, -stum: drink, draw simul: at the same time; at once, together, 10
incolō, -ere, -uī: inhabit, 4 suāvis, -e: sweet, pleasant
iniciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectum: throw in or upon, 2 suprā: above, before, 6
inquam, inquis, inquit: say, 6 timeō, -ēre, -uī: fear, dread, 6
inrīdeō, -ēre, -rīsī, -rīsum: laugh at, mock undique: from everywhere, from all sides, 7
īrātus, -a, -um: angry, 5 vīvus, -a, -um: living, alive, 4

1 profectus est: pf. dep. proficiscor, translate 10 eam: that; demonstrative adj.
in the pf. active 12 nōmine: by name; abl. of respect
paulum: adverbial acc. 13 benignē: -ē ending forms an adverb
progressus est: pf. dep. progredior 14 Erat: there was
aprō: dat. obj. of a compound verb 15 replēta: PPP (pf. pass. pple) repleō
2 simul atque: as soon as; ‘the same time as’ 18 mihi: dat. ind. object
3 altam: deep commissum est: was entrusted
4 attulerat: pf. afferō Sī…dabō, interficient: If I give…will
5 etsī: although kill; fut. more vivid condition (sī, fut. ind.,
nūllō modō: in no way; abl. of manner fut. ind.), the protasis (dabō) in English
6 relātus est: pf. pass. re-ferō translation is pres. in form but fut. in sense
9 dē: about 23 Simul atque: as soon as; ‘at the same time
9 suprā: above; i.e. earlier in the story as’
haec: neut. pl. nom. subject īrātī: angered; predicate nominative
trāduntur: are reported
24 Heracles

bibentem vīdērunt. Tum arma rapuērunt et Pholum interficere 1

volēbant. Herculēs tamen in aditū spēluncae cōnstitit et impetum
eōrum fortissimē sustinēbat. Facēs ārdentēs in eōs coniēcit; multōs
etiam sagittīs suīs vulnerāvit. Hae autem sagittae eaedem erant
quae sanguine Hydrae ōlim imbūtae erant. Omnēs igitur quōs ille 5
sagittīs vulnerāverat venēnō statim absūmptī sunt; reliquī autem
ubi hoc vīdērunt, terga vertērunt et fugā salūtem petiērunt.

27. THE FATE OF PHOLUS

Postquam reliquī fūgērunt, Pholus ex spēluncā ēgressus est, et 10
corpora spectābat eōrum quī sagittīs interfectī erant. Magnopere
autem mirātus est quod tam levī vulnere exanimātī erant, et causam
eius reī quaerēbat. Adiit igitur locum ubi cadāver cuiusdam
centaurī iacēbat, et sagittam ē vulnere trāxit. Haec tamen sīve cāsū
sīve cōnsiliō deōrum ē manibus eius lāpsa est, et pedem leviter 15
vulnerāvit. Ille extemplō dolōrem gravem per omnia membra
sēnsit, et post breve tempus vī venēnī exanimātus est. Mox
Herculēs, quī reliquōs centaurōs secūtus erat, ad spēluncam rediit,
et magnō cum dolōre Pholum mortuum vīdit. Multīs cum lacrimīs
corpus amicī ad sepultūram dedit; tum, postquam alterum pōculum 20
vīnī exhausit, somnō sē dedit.

28. 5th LABOR: THE AUGEAN STABLES

Deinde Eurystheus Herculī hunc labōrem graviōrem imposuit.
Augēās quīdam, quī illō tempore rēgnum in Ēlide obtinēbat, tria 25
mīlia boüm habēbat. Hī in stabulō ingentis magnitūdinis
 Heracles 25

absūmō, -ere, -mpsī, -mptum: take away, 2 magnitūdō, -tūdinis f.: size, greatness, 13
adeō, -īre, -i(v)ī: go to, approach, 4 membrum, -ī n.: limb, member, 10
aditus, -ūs m.: approach, access, entrance, 2 mīlle (pl. mīlia): thousand, 7
alter, -era, -erum: other (of two), second, 7 mīror, -ārī, -ātus sum: be amazed at, 7
amīcus, -ī m.: friend, 6 mortuus, -a, -um: dead, 7
ārdeō, -ēre, ārsī, ārsum: be on fire, burn, 3 obtineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold, maintain, 9
arma, -ōrum n.: arms, equipment, tools, 6 ōlim: once, formerly, 10
Augēās, -ae m.: Augeas pēs, pedis m.: foot, 8
bibō, -ere, bibī: drink, 4 petō, petere, petīvī, petītum: seek, aim at, 10
cadāver, -eris n.: corpse, dead body, 3 Pholus, -ī m.: Pholus, 6
cāsus, -ūs m.: misfortune, accident, event, 8 pōculum, -ī n.: cup, 7
centaurus, -ī m.: centaur, 12 rapiō, -ere, rapuī, raptum: seize, snatch, 5
cōnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitum: stand firm, sagitta, -ae f.: arrow, 10
stand together; cost; it is agreed, 6 sanguis, sanguinis m.: blood, 6
deinde: then, thereupon, 8 sepultūra, -ae f.: burial, 2
Ēlis, -idis f.: Elis sequor, -ī, secūtus sum: follow; attend, 4
exanimō (1): kill, exhaust, 9 sīve: or if, whether if, 6
exhauriō, -īre, -ausī, -austum: drink up somnus, -ī m.: sleep, 14
extemplō: immediately, straightaway spectō (1): watch, look at
fax, facis f.: torch, firebrand, 2 stabulum, -ī n.: stable, inclosure, 5
fortis, -e: strong, brave, valiant, 5 sustineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold up, endure 7
fuga, -ae f.: flight, haste, exile, speed, 6 tam: so, so much, so very, such, 8
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, --: flee, hurry away, 9 tergum, -ī n.: back, 8
Hydra, -ae f.: Hydra (many-headed snake), 5 trahō, -ere, trāxī, tractum: draw, drag, 6
iaceō, -ēre, -uī: lie, lie low, 3 trēs, tria: three, 9
imbuō, -uere, -buī, -būtum: wet, soak, 2 venēnum, -ī n.: poison, 7
impetus, -ūs m.: attack, onset, assault, 9 vertō, -ere, vertī, versum: turn, 4
impōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum: place on, 7 volō (1): fly, 3
lābor, lābī, lāpsus sum: slip, glide vulnerō (1): wound, injure, 7
lacrima, -ae f.: tear, 10 vulnus, -eris n.: wound, blow, 6
levis, leve: light, slight, 2

1 bibentem: pres. pple bibō 14 iacēbat: from iaceō, iacēre, ‘to lie
3 fortissimē: very…; superlative adverb down’ not iaciō, iacere, ‘to throw’
sustinēbat: was holding off sīve…sīve: whether…or
Facēs: acc. pl. fax cāsū: by chance; abl. of cause, elsewhere
ārdentēs: pres. pple ārdeō cāsus means ‘misfortune’
in: ‘at’ or ‘against’ in context of fighting 15 cōnsiliō: by the plan; abl. of cause
4 eaedem: the same; the suffix -dem does lāpsa est: pf. deponent
not decline, but eae- modifies sagittae eium: gen. sg., i.e. Pholus
6 reliquī: the remaining (centaurs) 17 vī: abl. of means, vīs
7 fugā: in flight; abl. of mean venēnī: gen. sg.
peti(v)ērunt: syncopated pf. petō 18 secūtus est: pf. dep., translate act.
10 reliquī: the remaining (centaurs) rediit: pf. red-eō
ēgressus est: pf. dep. ēgredior 19 magnō cum dolōre, multīs cum lacrimīs:
11 eōrum: of those; demonstrative in sense abl. of manner, adj. is emphasized
12 levī vulnere: abl. of means; i-stem 3rd 20 ad: for…; expressing purpose
decl. adj. 21 somnō: sleep; dat. ind. obj.
13 eius reī: of this matter; gen. sg. 24 graviorem: comparative adjective
Adiit: pf. ad-eō 26 bo(v)üm: of cattle; gen. pl. bōs
cuiusdam: gen. sg. quīdam ingentis magnitūdinis: gen. of description
26 Heracles

inclūdēbantur. Stabulum autem inluviē ac squālōre erat obsitum, 1

neque enim ad hoc tempus umquam purgātum erat. Hoc Herculēs
intrā spatium ūnīus diēī purgāre iussus est. Ille, etsī rēs erat multae
operae, negōtium suscēpit. Prīmum magnō labōre fossam
duodēvīgintī pedum dūxit, per quam flūminis aquam dē montibus 5
ad murum stabulī perdūxit. Tum postquam mūrum perrūpit, aquam
in stabulum immīsit et tālī modō contrā opīniōnem omnium opus
cōnfēcit.

29. 6th LABOR: THE STYMPHALIAN BIRDS 10

Post paucōs diēs Herculēs ad oppidum Stymphālum iter fēcit;
imperāverat enim eī Eurystheus ut avēs Stymphalidēs necāret. Hae
avēs rostra aēnea habēbant et carne hominum vēscēbantur. Ille
postquam ad locum pervēnit, lacum vīdit; in hōc autem lacū, quī
nōn procul erat ab oppidō, avēs habitābant. Nūlla tamen dabātur 15
appropinquandī facultās; lacus enim nōn ex aquā sed ē līmō
cōnstitit. Herculēs igitur neque pedibus neque lintre prōgredī
potuit.
Ille cum magnam partem diēī frūstrā cōnsumpsisset, hōc cōnātū
dēstitit et ad Volcānum sē contulit, ut auxilium ab eō peteret. 20
Volcānus (quī ab fabrīs maximē colēbātur) crepundia quae ipse ex
aere fabricātus erat Herculī dedit. Hīs Herculēs tam acrem crepitum
fēcit ut avēs perterritae āvolārent. Ille autem, dum āvolant,
magnum numerum eārum sagittīs trānsfīxit.
 Heracles 27

ac: and, and also, 14 linter, lintris f.: boat, skiff, 3

acer, acris, acre: sharp; fierce, keen maximē: especially, very greatly, 5
aēneus, -a, -um: of bronze, 3 mōns, montis m.: mountain, mount, 5
aes, aeris n.: bronze, 2 mūrus, -ī m.: (city) wall, rampart, 4
appropinquō (1): come near, approach, 8 necō (1): kill, slay, put to death, 9
aqua, -ae f.: water, 11 negōtium, iī n.: task, business, occupation, 13
avis, avis f.: bird, 4 numerus, -ī m.: number, multitude, 7
āvolō (1): fly away, 2 obsitus, -a, -um: overgrown or covered with
carō, carnis f.: flesh, meat, 4 opera, -ae f.: effort, work
colō, -ere, coluī, cultum: cultivate, cherish, 3 opīniō, -iōnis f.: opinion, reputation, 6
cōnātus, -ūs m.: attempt, effort, 7 oppidum, -ī n.: town, 4
cōnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitum: stand firm, opus, -eris n.: work, deed, toil, 9
stand together; cost; it is agreed, 6 perdūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ctum: lead through, 4
cōnsūmō, -ere, -mpsī, -mptum: take, spend 9 perrumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptum: break
contrā: against (+ acc.), 7 through, 2
crepitus, -ūs m.: rattle, clatter perterreō, -ēre: frighten, terrify, 5
crepundia, -ōrum n.: rattle pēs, pedis m.: foot, 8
dēsistō, -ere, -stitī, -stitum: desist, stop, 5 petō, petere, petīvī, petītum: seek, aim at, 10
dūcō, -ere, dūxī, ductum: lead, draw, bring, 5 procul: from afar, from a distance, 5
duo-dē-vīgintī: eighteen purgō (1): cleanse, make clean, 2
etsī: even if, although, though, 13 rostrum, -ī n.: beak
faber, fabrī m.: smith, engineer, 2 sagitta, -ae f.: arrow, 10
fabricor, -ārī, -ātus sum: make, fashion spatium, -iī n.: space, span, extent, 6
facultās, -tātis f.: ability, opportunity, 5 squālor, -ōris m.: dirt, filth
fossa, -ae f.: ditch, trench, 3 stabulum, -ī n.: stable, inclosure, 5
frūstrā: in vain, for nothing, 13 Stymphalis, -idis: of Stymphalus
immittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: send in, 2 suscipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: undertake, 14
imperō (1): order, command, 12 tālis, -e: such, 6
inclūdō, -ere, -ūsī, -ūsum: close in, shut in, 7 tam: so, so much, so very, such, 8
inluviēs, -ēī f.: dirt, filth trānsfīgō, -fīgere, -fīxī, -fīxum: pierce, 4
intrā: within, among (+ acc.), 4 umquam: ever, 5
lacus, -ūs m.: lake, 3 vēscor, vēscī: feed on, eat (+ abl.) 3
līmus, -ī m.: mud Volcānus, -ī m.: Vulcan, 13

2 ad hoc tempum: up to…., until… 13 vēscēbantur: governs an abl. obj.

3 ūnīus diēī: of one day; gen. sg., ūnus has 16 appropinquandī: of approaching; a
-īus in the gen. sg. and -ī in dat. sg. gen. sg. gerund modifying facultās
multae operae: of…; gen. description as 17 neque…neque: neither…nor
predicate; gen. of 1st decl. opera, -ae f. prōgredī: dep. inf. prōgredior, translate as
4 prīmum: adverb an active inf.
5 pedum: gen. pl. of measure after fossam 19 cum…cōnsumpsisset: when…had spent;
dūxit: drew up a ditch; i.e. ‘dig’ or ‘build’ cum + plpf. subjunctive, translate in plpf.
7 tālī modō: in such a way; abl. of manner tense
opīniōnem: expectation; with contrā hōc cōnātū: from…; abl. of separation
opum: neuter acc. sg. direct object sē contulit: carried himself; pf. cōnferō
12 imperāverat: had ordered (dat) that 20 ut…peteret: so that…he might seek;
eī: dat. ind. obj. is, ea, id purpose clause, impf. subjunctive
ut…necāret: that…; ind. command, impf. 22 hīs: with…; means, i.e. the crepundia
subj. in secondary seq. (main verb is in the 23 ut…āvolārent: that..flew away; result
past); you may translate this construction clause, impf. subj. in secondary seq.
‘that he kill’ or often as an inf. ‘to kill…’
28 Heracles

30. 7th LABOR: THE CRETAN BULL 1

Tum Eurystheus Herculī imperāvit ut taurum quendam
ferōcissimum ex īnsulā Crētā vīvum referret. Ille igitur nāvem
cōnscendit, et cum ventus idōneus esset, statim solvit. Cum tamen
īnsulae iam appropinquāret, tanta tempestās subitō coörta est ut 5
nāvis cursum tenēre nōn posset. Tantus autem timor animōs
nautārum occupāvit ut paene omnem spem salūtis dēpōnerent.
Herculēs tamen, etsī nāvigandī imperītus erat, haudquāquam
territus est.
10
Post breve tempus summa tranquillitās cōnsecūta est, et nautae, quī
sē ex timōre iam recēperant, nāvem incolumem ad terram
appulērunt. Herculēs ē nāvī ēgressus est, et cum ad rēgem Crētae
vēnisset, causam veniendī docuit. Deinde, postquam omnia parāta
sunt, ad eam regiōnem contendit quam taurus vāstābat. Mox 15
taurum vīdit, et quamquam rēs erat magnī perīculī, cornua eius
prehendit. Tum, cum ingentī labōre mōnstrum ad nāvem trāxisset,
cum praedā in Graeciam rediit.

31. 8th LABOR: MAN-EATING HORSES OF DIOMEDE 20

Postquam ex īnsulā Crētā rediit, Herculēs ab Eurystheō in
Thrāciam missus est, ut equōs Diomēdis redūceret. Hī equī carne
hominum vēscēbantur; Diomēdēs autem, vir crūdēlissimus, illīs
obiciēbat peregrīnōs omnēs quī in eam regiōnem vēnerant.
Herculēs igitur magnā celeritāte in Thrāciam contendit et ab 25
Diomēde postulāvit ut equī sibi trāderentur. Cum tamen ille hoc
facere nōllet, Herculēs īrā commōtus rēgem interfēcit et cadāver
eius equīs obicī iussit.
 Heracles 29

appellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsum: drive (to), 14 incolumis, -e: inscathed, uninjured, safe, 7
appropinquō (1): come near, approach, 8 īra, īrae f.: anger, 12
cadāver, -eris n.: corpse, dead body, 3 nauta, -ae f.: sailor, 3
carō, carnis f.: flesh, meat, 4 nāvigō (1): sail, 5
celeritās, -tātis f.: speed, quickness, 7 nōlō, nōlle, nōluī: not…wish, be unwilling 12
cōnscendō, -ere, -ndī, -nsum: climb aboard, 6 obiciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectum: throw or cast at, 3
cōnsequor, -ī, secūtum: follow; pursue, 3 occupō (1): occupy, seize, 8
contendō, -ere, -ī, -tum: hasten; fight, 11 paene: almost, nearly, 8
coörior, coörīrī, coörtus sum: arise, 4 peregrīnus, -ī m.: stranger, foreigner
cornū, -ūs n.: horn, 2 postulō (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11
Crēta, -ae f.: Crete, 3 praeda, -ae f.: plunder, spoils, 2
crūdēlis, -e: cruel, bitter, bloody, 6 prehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hēnsum: seize, 5
cursus, -ūs m.: course, running, haste, 10 quamquam: although, 4
deinde: then, thereupon, 8 recipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: take back, 8
dēpōnō, -ere, -suī, -situm: put down/aside, 9 redūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -tum: lead/bring back, 11
Diōmēdēs, -is m.: Diomedes, 3 taurus, -ī m.: bull, 7
doceō, -ēre, -uī, -ctum: teach, tell, 9 teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentum: hold, keep 13
equus, -ī m.: horse, 7 terreō, -ēre, -uī, territum: terrify, scare, 5
etsī: even if, although, though, 13 Thrācia, -ae f.: Thrace, 3
ferōx, -ōcis: fierce, savage trahō, -ere, trāxī, tractum: draw, drag, 6
Graecia, -ae f.: Greece, 7 tranquillitās, -tātis f.: calm, tranquility, 2
haudquāquam: not at all, in no way, 2 vāstō (1): lay waste, 2
idōneus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 ventus, -ī m.: wind, 10
imperītus, -a, -um: inexperienced vēscor, vēscī: feed on, eat (+ abl.) 3
imperō (1): order, command, 12 vīvus, -a, -um: living, alive, 4

2 Herculī: Hercules; dat. obj. of imperāvit of description as predicate

ut…referret: that…; ind. command with 17 ingentī labōre: with…; abl. of means
impf. subj. referō (secondary seq.) may be or manner; i-stem 3rd decl. adj.
translated as ‘that…carry back’ or often as trāxisset: plpf. subj. trahō, see line 13
inf. ‘to carry back…’ 18 rediit: pf. red-eō
4 cum…esset: when…; impf. subj. of sum, 22 ut…redūceret: in order that…might;
translate just as impf. indicative purpose clause, impf. subj. can be
5 appropinquāret: impf. subj., see line 4 translated “in order that” or “so that” or as
ut…posset: that..was able; result clause, infinitives expressing purpose
impf. subj. possum (secondary seq.) 23 vēscēbantur: dep. governs abl. object
7 ut…dēpōneret: that…carried off; result illīs: at them; dat. of compound verb
clause, impf. subj. (secondary seq) 25 magnā celeritāte: with…; abl. of manner
8 nāvigandī: of sailing; gen. sg. Gerund 26 ut…trāderentur: that..be handed over…;
modifies imperītus ind. command, impf. subj.
12 sē…recēperant: had retreated; idiom 27 cum…nōllet: when…; impf. subj. nōlō
13 cum…vēnisset: when…; plpf. subj. (inf. nōlle)
of veniō, translate as plpf. indicative 27 cadāver: neuter acc. direct object
veniendī: for coming; gen. sg. gerund here 28 equīs: to…; dat. of compound verb
a objective genitive obicī: pres. pass. inf. ob-iciō
16 magnī perīculī: of great danger; gen.

With the exception of purpose clauses (may, might) and if-then clauses, almost all the
subjunctives that readers will encounter do not require a special translation. Simply identify
the tense of the verb and translate as one would an indicative.
30 Heracles

Ita mīra rērum commūtātiō facta est; is enim quī anteā multōs cum 1
cruciātū necāverat ipse eōdem suppliciō necātus est. Cum haec
nuntiāta essent, omnēs quī eam regiōnem incolēbant maximā
laetitiā affectī sunt et Herculī meritam grātiam referēbant. Nōn
modo maximīs honōribus et praemiīs eum decorāvērunt sed 5
orābant etiam ut rēgnum ipse susciperet. Ille tamen hoc facere
nōlēbat, et cum ad mare rediisset, nāvem occupāvit. Ubi omnia ad
nāvigandum parāta sunt, equōs in nāvī collocāvit; deinde, cum
idōneam tempestātem nactus esset, sine morā ē portū solvit, et
paulō post equōs in lītus Argolicum exposuit. 10

32. 9th LABOR: THE GIRDLE OF HIPPOLYTE

Gēns Amāzonum dicitur omnīnō ex mulieribus cōnstitisse. Hae
summam scientiam reī mīlitāris habēbant, et tantam virtūtem
adhibēbant ut cum virīs proelium committere audērent. Hippolytē, 15
Amāzonum rēgīna, balteum habuit celeberrimum quem Mars eī
dederat. Admēta autem, Eurystheī fīlia, fāmam dē hōc balteō
accēperat et eum possidēre vehementer cupiēbat. Eurystheus igitur
Herculī mandāvit ut cōpiās cōgeret et bellum Amāzonibus īnferret.
Ille nūntiōs in omnēs partēs dīmīsit, et cum magna multitūdō 20
convēnisset, eōs dēlēgit quī maximum ūsum in rē mīlitārī
habēbant.

33. THE GIRDLE IS REFUSED

Hīs virīs Herculēs persuāsit, postquam causam itineris exposuit, ut 25
sēcum iter facerent. Tum cum eīs quibus persuāserat nāvem
 Heracles 31

adhibeō, -ēre, -uī, -itum: apply, hold to, 4 īnferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātum: carry on, wage, 3
Admēta, -ae f.: Admeta laetitia, -ae f.: joy, happiness, 3
Amāzonēs, -um f.: Amazon, 7 mandō (1): command; entrust, commit, 2
anteā: before, earlier, formerly, previously, 7 Mars, Martis m.: Mars
Argolicus, -a, -um: of Argolis maximus, -a, -um: greatest, 9
audeō, -ēre, ausus sum: dare meritus, -a, -um: deserved, due, just, 4
balteus, -eī m.: belt, girdle, 5 mīlitāris, -e: military, warlike, 3
bellum, -ī, n.: war, 6 mīrus, -a, -um: wonderful, amazing, 7
celeber, -bris, -bre: frequented, celebrated, 2 mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14
cōgō, cōgere, -ēgī, -āctum: collect, compel, 5 mulier, mulieris f.: woman, 3
committō, -mittere, -mīsī: commit, entrust, 6 multitūdō, -tūdinis f.: multitude, 2
commūtātio, -tiōnis f.: change, 2 nancīscor, -ī, nactus sum: attain, meet, 7
conlocō (1): place together nāvigō (1): sail, 5
cōnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitum: stand firm, necō (1): kill, slay, put to death, 9
stand together; cost; it is agreed, 6 nōlō, nōlle, nōluī: not…wish, be unwilling 12
cōnveniō, -īre, vēnī, ventum: come together 8 nūntiō (1): announce, 3
cōpia, -ae f.: abundance, supply; troops, 10 nūntius, -iī m.: messenger, 12
cruciātus, -ūs m.: torture, 2 occupō (1): occupy, seize, 8
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītum: desire, long for, 4 omnīnō: altogether, wholely, entirely, 11
decorō (1): adorn, distinguish, 2 ōrō (1): pray (for), entreat, beseech, 5
deinde: then, thereupon, 8 persuādeō, -ēre, -suāsī, -suāsum: persuade, 9
dēligō, -ere, -lēgī, -lectum: choose, select, 6 portus, -ūs m.: harbort, port, 3
equus, -ī m.: horse, 7 possideō, -ēre, possēdī, possessum: possess
expōnō, -ere, -suī, -situm: set out, explain 7 praemium, -iī n.: reward, 5
fāma, -ae f.: fame, reputation, report, rumor 7 rēgīna, -ae f.: queen, 2
gēns, gentis f.: clan, race, nation, herd, 4 scientia, -ae f.: knowledge, wisdom, 6
grātia, -ae f.: graditude, favor, thanks, 10 supplicium, -iī n.; punishment, supplication, 5
Hippolytē, -ēs f.: Hippolyte, 4 suscipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: undertake, 14
honor, -ōris m.: honor, glory; offering, 4 ūsus, ūsūs m.: use, employment, 3
idōneus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 vehementer: strongly, violently, ardently, 11
incolō, -ere, -uī: inhabit, 4 virtūs, -ūtis f.: valor, manhood, excellence, 10

1 is…quī: for he who… as a plpf. active indicative

cum cruciātū: abl. of manner solvit: set sail
3 nuntiāta essent: when…; plpf. pass. subj. 10 paulō: little; abl. of degree of difference
in a cum-clause, translate as as you would a 13 cōnstitisse: have consisted; pf. inf.
plpf. pass. indicative 14 reī mīlitāris: of military affairs; gen. sg.
eam: this; demonstrative adj. 15 ut…audēret: that…; impf. subj. of audeō
4 Herculī: Hercules; dat. ind. object in a result clause
Nōn modo…sed…etiam: not only… proelium committere: begin battle; idiom
but also; modo is an adverb 16 celeberrimum: superlative with balteum
5 honōribus, praemiīs: abl. of means eī: dat. ind. obj. is, ea, id
6 ut…susciperet: that…undertake; impf. 19 Herculī: dat. ind. obj.
subj. in ind. command can alternatively be ut..cōgeret…īnferret: that…force; impf.
translated as an inf. ‘to undertake’ subj. ind. command
7 cum…rediisset: plpf. subj. red-eō, translate Amāzonibum: on…; dat. of compound
as plpf. indicative verb
ad…: for…; ad + acc. gerund (-ing) 20 partēs: directions
expresses purpose 21 rē mīlitārī: military affairs
8 in nāvī: 3rd decl. i-stem abl. 25 persuāsit: governs dat + ind. command
9 nactus esset: plpf. deponent subj., translate 26 quibus…: whom he had persuaded…
32 Heracles

cōnscendit, et cum ventus idōneus esset, post paucōs diēs ad 1

ōstium flūminis Thermōdontis appulit. Postquam in fīnēs
Amāzonum vēnit, nūntium ad Hippolytam mīsit, quī causam
veniendī docēret et balteum posceret. Ipsa Hippolytē balteum
trādere volēbat, quod dē Herculis virtūte fāmam accēperat; reliquae 5
tamen Amāzonēs eī persuāsērunt ut negāret. At Herculēs, cum haec
nūntiāta essent, bellī fortūnam temptāre cōnstituit.
Proximō igitur diē cum cōpiās ēdūxisset, locum idōneum dēlēgit
et hostēs ad pugnam ēvocāvit. Amāzonēs quoque cōpiās suās ex
castrīs ēdūxērunt et nōn magnō intervāllō ab Hercule aciem 10
īnstrūxērunt.

34. THE BATTLE

Palūs erat nōn magna inter duōs exercitūs; neutrī tamen initium
trānseundī facere volēbant. Tandem Herculēs signum dedit, et ubi 15
palūdem trānsiit, proelium commīsit.
Amāzonēs impetum virōrum fortissimē sustinuērunt, et contrā
opīniōnem omnium tantam virtūtem praestitērunt ut multōs eōrum
occīderint, multōs etiam in fugam coniēcerint. Virī enim novō
genere pugnae perturbābantur nec magnam virtūtem praestābant. 20
Herculēs autem cum haec vidēret, de suīs fortūnīs dēspērāre coepit.
Mīlitēs igitur vehementer cohortātus est ut pristīnae virtūtis
memoriam retinērent neu tantum dēdecus admitterent, hostiumque
impetum fortiter sustinērent; quibus verbīs animōs omnium ita
ērēxit ut multī etiam quī vulneribus confectī essent proelium sine 25
morā redintegrārent.
 Heracles 33

aciēs, -ēī f.: sharp edge, battle line, army, 3 memoria, -ae f.: memory, 4
admittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: admit, allow, 1 mīlēs, mīlitis m.: soldier, 2
Amāzonēs, -um f.: Amazon, 7 mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14
appellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsum: drive (to), 14 nec: and not, nor, 10
balteus, -eī m.: belt, girdle, 5 negō (1): deny, say that…not, 3
bellum, -ī, n.: war, 6 neu: nor, and not
castra, -ōrum n.: camp neuter, neutra, neutrum: neither
cohortor, -hortārī, -hortātum: encourage, 2 novus, -a, -um: new, 4
committō, -mittere, -mīsī: commit, entrust, 6 nūntiō (1): announce, 3
cōnscendō, -ere, -ndī, -nsum: climb aboard, 6 nūntius, -iī m.: messenger, 12
contrā: against (+ acc.), 7 occīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsum: kill, cut down, 14
cōpia, -ae f.: abundance, supply; troops, 10 opīniō, -iōnis f.: opinion, reputation, 6
dēdecus, dēdecoris n.: dishonor, disgrace ōstium, -iī n.: mouth, entrance, 3
dēligō, -ere, -lēgī, -lectum: choose, select, 6 palūs, palūdis f.: swamp, marsh, 3
dēspērō (1): despair, give up, 4 persuādeō, -ēre, -suāsī, -suāsum: persuade, 9
doceō, -ēre, -uī, -ctum: teach, tell, 9 perturbō (1): trouble, greatly disturb, 2
duo, duae, duo: two, 10 poscō, -ere, poposcī: ask, demand
ēdūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductum: lead out, draw, 3 praestō, -stāre, -stitī: stand in front, show, 6
ērigō, -ere, -rēxī, -rectum: raise up, lift pristīnus, -a, -um: former
ēvocō (1): call out, challenge proelium, -iī n.: battle, 4
exercitus, -ūs m.: army, 2 proximus, -a, -um: nearest, next, 5
fāma, -ae f.: fame, reputation, report, rumor 7 pugna, -ae f.: fight, 2
fīnis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 que: and, 14
fortis, -e: strong, brave, valiant, 5 quoque: also
fortiter: bravely, 2 redintegrō (1): make whole again, renew
fortūna, -ae f.: fortune, chance, luck, 3 retineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold/keep back, 3
fuga, -ae f.: flight, haste, exile, speed, 6 signum, -ī n.: sign, signal, 2
genus, -eris n.: birth, race; kind, family, 2 sustineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold up, endure 7
Hippolytē, -ēs f.: Hippolyte, 4 temptō (1): attempt; attack; test, probe
hostis, -is m./f.: stranger, enemy, foe, 5 Thermōdōn, -dontis m.: Thermodon
idōneus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 trānseō, -īre, -iī (īvī), -itum: pass (by), 10
impetus, -ūs m.: attack, onset, assault, 9 vehementer: strongly, violently, ardently, 11
initium, -ī n.: beginning, entrance verbum, -ī n.: word, speech, 4
īnstruō, -ere, -ūxī, -ūctum: equip, draw up, 6 virtūs, -ūtis f.: valor, manhood, excellence, 10
inter: between, among (+ acc.), 10 volō (1): fly, 3
intervallum, -ī n.: interval, distance, 2 vulnus, -eris n.: wound, blow, 6

1 esset: impf. subj. sum, translate impf. 14 neutrī: neither; nom. pl. subj. neuter
3 quī…doceret…posceret: who would... 15 trānseundī: gen. sg. gerund (-ing) trāns-eō
and would; relative clause of purpose; impf. 16 trānsiit: pf. trāns-eō
subj. 17 fortissimē: superlative adv.
4 veniendī: gen. sg. gerund (-ing) sustinērunt: held off
Hippolytē: fem. nom. sg. 18 ut…occīderint: that…; pf. subj. in a result
6 persuāsērunt: persuaded (dat) that…; clause, translate as pf. indicative
governs ind. command (ut); impf. subj. novō genere: by the new type
7 nūntiāta essent: plpf. subj. translate 24 ut…sustinērent: ind. command
just as plpf. pass. indicative quibus verbīs: with these words; ‘which’
8 Proximō diē: on…; abl. of time when 25 ut…redintegrārent: that…; result clause,
ēdūxisset: plpf. subj. ēdūcō impf. subj.
10 nōn magnō intervāllō: not a great confectī essent: plpf. pass. subj. in a
interval rel. clause of characteristic
34 Heracles

35. THE DEFEAT OF THE AMAZONS 1

Diū et ācriter pugnātum est; tandem tamen ad sōlis occāsum tanta
commūtātiō rērum facta est ut mulierēs terga verterent et fugā
salūtem peterent. Multae autem vulneribus dēfessae dum fugiunt
captae sunt, in quō numerō ipsa erat Hippolytē. Herculēs summam 5
clēmentiam praestitit, et postquam balteum accēpit, lībertātem
omnibus captīvīs dedit. Tum vērō sociōs ad mare redūxit, et quod
nōn multum aestātis supererat, in Graeciam proficīscī mātūrāvit.
Nāvem igitur cōnscendit, et tempestātem idōneam nactus statim
solvit; antequam tamen in Graeciam pervēnit, ad urbem Trōiam 10
nāvem appellere cōnstituit, frūmentum enim quod sēcum habēbat
iam dēficere coeperat.

36. LAOMEDON AND THE SEA-MONSTER

Lāomedōn quīdam illō tempore rēgnum Trōiae obtinēbat. Ad hunc 15
Neptūnus et Apollō annō superiōre vēnerant, et cum Trōia nōndum
moenia habēret, ad hoc opus auxilium obtulerant. Postquam tamen
hōrum auxiliō moenia cōnfecta sunt, nōlēbat Lāomedōn praemium
quod prōposuerat persolvere.
Neptūnus igitur et Apollō ob hanc causam īrātī mōnstrum 20
quoddam mīsērunt speciē horribilī, quod cotīdie ē marī veniēbat et
hominēs pecudēsque vorābat. Trōiānī autem timōre perterritī in
urbe continēbantur, et pecora omnia ex agrīs intrā mūrōs
compulerant. Lāomedōn hīs rēbus commōtus ōrāculum cōnsuluit,
ac deus eī praecēpit ut fīliam Hēsionēn mōnstrō obiceret. 25
 Heracles 35

ac: and, and also, 14 nancīscor, -ī, nactus sum: attain, meet, 7
ācriter: sharply, fiercely, 2 Neptūnus, -ī m.: Neptune, 4
aestās, aestātis f.: summer nōlō, nōlle, nōluī: not…wish, be unwilling 12
ager, -grī m.: land, field, territory, 11 nōndum: not yet, 4
antequam: before, 9 numerus, -ī m.: number, multitude, 7
Apollō, Apollinis m.: Apollo, 7 ob: on account of (acc.), 13
appetō, -ere, -īvī, -petītum: draw near, 3 obiciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectum: throw or cast at, 3
balteus, -eī m.: belt, girdle, 5 obtineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold, maintain, 9
captīvus, -a, -um: prisoner, 2 occāsus, -ūs m.: fall, destruction, 4
clementia, -ae f.: mercy, kindness offerō, -ferre, obtulī, -lātum: offer, present 5
commūtātiō, -tiōnis f.: change, 2 opus, -eris n.: work, deed, toil, 9
compellō, -ere, -pulī: drive together, 3 ōrāculum, -ī n.: oracle, 11
cōnscendō, -ere, -ndī, -nsum: climb aboard, 6 pecus, pecoris n.: herd, flock, 4
cōnsulō, -ere, -luī, -ltum: consult, 3 pecus, pecudis f.: herd of cattle
contineō, -ēre, -nuī: hold or keep together, 4 persolvō, -ere, -solvī, -solūtum: pay up
cotīdiē: daily, 2 perterreō, -ēre: frighten, terrify, 5
dēfessus, -a, -um: wearied, exhausted petō, petere, petīvī, petītum: seek, aim at, 10
dēficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum: fail, 3 praecipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: order, take, 6
diū: a long time, long, 13 praemium, -iī n.: reward, 5
frūmentum, -ī n.: grain, 4 praestō, -stāre, -stitī: stand in front, show, 6
fuga, -ae f.: flight, haste, exile, speed, 6 prōpōnō, -ere, -suī, -situm: put or set forth, 4
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, --: flee, hurry away, 9 pugnō (1): fight, 4
Graecia, -ae f.: Greece, 7 que: and, 14
Hēsionē, -ēs f. (Grk acc. Hēsionēn): Hesione redūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -tum: lead/bring back, 11
Hippolytē, -ēs f.: Hippolyte, 4 sōl, sōlis m.: sun, 10
horribilis, -e: horrible, dreadful, 11 superior, -ium: higher, upper, 3
idōneus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 superō (1): overcome, defeat, 3
intrā: within, among (+ acc.), 4 tergum, -ī n.: back, 8
īrātus, -a, -um: angry, 5 Trōia, -ae f.: Troy, 9
Lāomedōn, -ontis m.: Laomedon, 5 Trōiānī, -ōrum m.: Trojans
lībertās, -tātis f.: freedom, liberty vērō: in truth, in fact, certainly, 5
mātūrō (1): hasten, ripen, 7 vertō, -ere, vertī, versum: turn, 4
moenia, -ōrum n.: walls, 2 vorō (1): devour
mulier, mulieris f.: woman, 3 vulnus, -eris n.: wound, blow, 6
mūrus, -ī m.: (city) wall, rampart, 4

2 pugnātum est: they fought; ‘it was fought,’ proficīscī: dep. inf. proficiscor
an impersonal passive is often translated in 9 nactum: having obtained; dep. nancīscor
the active in English, supply a subject 10 solvit: set sail
ad: near… 15 illō tempore: at…; abl. time when
3 ut…peterent: that…; result, impf. subj. 16 annō superiōre: in the previous year
fugā: in flight; abl. means cum…habēret: since…; causal in sense
4 Multae: many (Amazons) 17 ad…: for…; expressing purpose
vulneribum: abl. means 21 speciē horribilī: of…; abl. of quality,
5 Hippolytē: Greek 1st decl. nominative sg. 3rd decl. i-stem abl. adjective
7 vērō: in fact; adverb 24 commōtum: upset; ‘troubled,’ PPP, as
8 multum aestātis: much of the summer; often, to move emotionally, not physically
partitive gen. 25 eī praecēpit: instructed him; ‘ordered’
supererat: remained; impf. supersum ut…obiceret: ind. command, impf.
36 Heracles

37. THE RESCUE OF HESIONE 1

Lāomedōn, cum hoc respōnsum renūntiātum esset, magnum
dolōrem percēpit; sed tamen, ut cīvēs suōs tantō perīculō līberāret,
ōrāculō pārēre cōnstituit et diem sacrificiō dīxit. Sed sīve cāsū sīve
cōnsiliō deōrum Herculēs tempore opportūnissimō Trōiam attigit; 5
ipsō enim temporis pūnctō quō puella catēnīs vīncta ad lītus
dēdūcēbātur ille nāvem appulit. Herculēs ē nāvī ēgressus dē rēbus
quae gerēbantur certior factus est; tum īrā commōtus ad rēgem sē
contulit et auxilium suum obtulit. Cum rēx libenter eī concessisset
ut, sī posset, puellam līberāret, Herculēs mōnstrum interfēcit; et 10
puellam, quae iam omnem spem salūtis dēposuerat, incolumem ad
patrem redūxit. Lāomedōn magnō cum gaudiō fīliam suam accēpit,
et Herculī prō tantō beneficiō meritam grātiam rettulit.

38. 10th LABOR: THE OXEN OF GERYON 15

Tum vērō missus est Herculēs ad īnsulam Erythēam, ut bovēs
Gēryonis arcesseret. Rēs erat summae difficultātis, quod bovēs ā
quōdam Eurytiōne et ā cane bicipite custōdiēbantur. Ipse autem
Gēryōn speciem horribilem praebēbat; tria enim corpora inter sē
coniūncta habēbat. Herculēs tamen etsī intellegēbat quantum 20
perīculum esset, negōtium suscēpit; ac postquam per multās terrās
iter fēcit, ad eam partem Libyae pervēnit quae Eurōpae proxima
est. Ibi in utrōque lītore fretī quod Eurōpam ā Libyā dīvidit
columnās cōnstituit, quae posteā Herculis Columnae appellābantur.
 Heracles 37

ac: and, and also, 14 īra, īrae f.: anger, 12

appellō (1): call (by name), name, 12 Lāomedōn, -ontis m.: Laomedon, 5
appellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsum: drive (to), 14 libenter: gladly, willingly, 12
arcessō, -ere, -īvī, -itum: summon, invite, 2 līberō (1): set free, release, 6
attingō, -ere, -tigī, -tāctum: touch at, reach, 3 Libya, -ae f.: Libya, 3
beneficium, -iī n.: benefit, favor; kindness, 8 meritus, -a, -um: deserved, due, just, 4
biceps, bicipitis: two-headed negōtium, iī n.: task, business, occupation, 13
canis, -is m. f.: dog, 3 offerō, -ferre, obtulī, -lātum: offer, present 5
cāsus, -ūs m.: misfortune, accident, event, 8 opportūnus, -a, -um: suitable, convenient, 2
catēna, -ae f.: chain, 2 ōrāculum, -ī n.: oracle, 11
certus, -a, -um: fixed, sure, 11 pāreō, -ēre, pāruī: obey, 3
cīvis, -is m/f: citizen, fellow citizen, 5 pater, patris, m.: father, 12
columna, -ae f.: column, pillar, 2 percipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: feel, perceive 5
concēdō, -ere; go away, withdraw, yield posteā: after this, afterwards, 7
coniungō, -ere, -nxī, -nctum: join together, 2 praebeō, -ēre, -uī, -itum: present, give, 7
custōdiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītum: guard, 4 prō: before, in front of, for, 9
dēdūcō, -ere: lead or bring down, launch, 10 proximus, -a, -um: nearest, next, 5
dēpōnō, -ere, -suī, -situm: put down/aside, 9 puella, -ae f.: girl, 8
difficultās, -tātis f.: difficulty, 7 pūnctum, -ī n.: point, instant, moment
dīvidō, -ere, -vīsī, -vīsum: divide, separate, 3 quantus, -a, -um: how much, how great, 4
Erythīa, -ae f.: Erythia redūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -tum: lead/bring back, 11
etsī: even if, although, though, 13 renūntiō (1): report, announce, 2
Eurōpa, -ae f.: Europe, 2 respondeō, -ēre, -dī, -ōnsum: answer, 13
Eurytiōn, -ōnis m.: Eurytion, 2 sacrificium, -iī n.: sacrifice, 5
fretum, ī n.: strait sīve: or if, whether if, 6
gaudium, -iī n.: gladness, joy, 9 suscipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: undertake, 14
Gēryōn, -onis m.: Geryon, 4 trēs, tria: three, 9
grātia, -ae f.: graditude, favor, thanks, 10 Trōia, -ae f.: Troy, 9
horribilis, -e: horrible, dreadful, 11 uterque, utraque, utrumque: each (of two)
incolumis, -e: inscathed, uninjured, safe, 7 vērō: in truth, in fact, certainly, 5
inter: between, among (+ acc.), 10 vīnciō, -īre, vīnxī, vīnctum: bind, tie, 4

2 cum…renūnitātum esset: plpf. pass. subj., disembarked’ dep. pf.

translates as a plpf. indicative 8 quae gerēbantur: which were being
3 ut…līberāret: so that…; purpose carried out; the antecedent is rēbus
tantō perīculō: from…; abl. of separation certior factus est: were made more certain;
with impf. subj. of līberō i.e. ‘were informed;’ commom idiom in
4 pārēre: obey; governs a dat. object Caesar; certior is a pred. adj. in the
diem…dīxit: appointed the day comparative degree
sacrificiō: for…; dat. of purpose sē contulit: carried himself; pf. conferō
sīve…sīve: whether…or 9 concessisset: had yielded to him
cāsū: by chance; abl. of cause; elsewhere 10 ut…līberāret: so that he might free…;
cāsus means ‘misfortune’ purpose
5 cōnsiliō: by the plan; abl. of cause sī posset: if he should be able; impf.
opportūnissimō: most opportune; i.e. subj. possum; fut. less vivid condition in
most timely, abl. time when secondary sequence
6 ipsō pūnctō: at that very point; ‘at the 13 prō: (in return) for…
point itself,’ abl. of time when rettulit: pf. re-ferō
quō: at which (time); abl. time when 17 arcesseret: so that…might; purpose
vīncta: PPP (pf. pass. pple) vinciō 21 esset: was; ind. question, impf. subj. sum
7 ēgressum: having stepped out; i.e. ‘having 22 Eurōpae: to…; dat. with special adj.
38 Heracles

39. THE GOLDEN SHIP 1

Dum hīc morātur, Herculēs magnum incommodum ex calōre sōlis
accipiēbat; tandem igitur īrā commōtus arcum suum intendit et
sōlem sagittīs petiit. Sōl tamen audāciam virī tantum admīrātus est
ut lintrem auream eī dederit. Herculēs hoc dōnum libentissimē 5
accēpit, nūllam enim nāvem in hīs regiōnibus invenīre potuerat.
Tum lintrem dēdūxit, et ventum nactus idōneum post breve tempus
ad īnsulam pervēnit. Ubi ex incolīs cognōvit quō in locō bovēs
essent, in eam partem statim profectus est et ā rēge Gēryone
postulāvit ut bovēs sibi trāderentur. Cum tamen ille hoc facere 10
nōllet, Herculēs et rēgem ipsum et Eurytiōnem, quī erat ingentī
magnitūdine corporis, interfēcit.

40. A MIRACULOUS HAIL-STORM

Tum Herculēs bovēs per Hispāniam et Liguriam compellere 15
cōnstituit; postquam igitur omnia parāta sunt, bovēs ex īnsulā ad
continentem trānsportāvit. Ligurēs autem, gēns bellicōsissima, dum
ille per fīnēs eōrum iter facit, magnās cōpiās coēgērunt atque eum
longius prōgredī prohibēbant. Herculēs magnam difficultātem
habēbat, barbarī enim in locīs superiōribus cōnstiterant et saxa 20
tēlaque in eum coniciēbant. Ille quidem paene omnem spem salūtis
dēposuerat, sed tempore opportūnissimō Iuppiter imbrem lapidum
ingentium ē caelō dēmīsit. Hī tantā vī cecidērunt ut magnum
numerum Ligurum occīderint; ipse tamen Herculēs (ut in tālibus
rēbus accidere cōnsuēvit) nihil incommodī cēpit. 25
 Heracles 39

accidō, -ere, accidī: happen, fall (on)to, 8 intendō, -ere, -ndī, -ntum: stretch out, aim, 4
admīror, -ārī, -ātus sum: admire, wonder at inveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum: find, discover 8
arcus, -ūs m.; bow, 4 īra, īrae f.: anger, 12
audācia, -ae f.: boldness, audacity, 2 Iuppiter, Iovis m.: Jupiter, 8
aureus, -a, -um: golden, 13 lapis, -idis m.: stone
barbarus, -a, -um: foreign, savage libenter: gladly, willingly, 12
bellicōsus, -a, -um: warlike, 2 Ligurēs, -um m.: Ligurians, 3
cadō, -ere, cecidī, cāsum: fall Liguria, -ae f.: Liguria
caelum, -ī n.: sky, 4 linter, lintris f.: boat, skiff, 3
calor, -ōris m.: heat longē: far, far and wide, 6
cōgō, cōgere, -ēgī, -āctum: collect, compel, 5 magnitūdō, -tūdinis f.: size, greatness, 13
compellō, -ere, -pulī: drive together, 3 moror, -ārī, -ātus sum: delay, linger, 3
cōnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitum: stand firm, nancīscor, -ī, nactus sum: attain, meet, 7
stand together; cost; it is agreed, 6 nihil: nothing, 14
cōnsuēscō, -ere, -ēvī, -suētum: accustom, 3 nōlō, nōlle, nōluī: not…wish, be unwilling 12
continēns, -entis f.: continent numerus, -ī m.: number, multitude, 7
cōpia, -ae f.: abundance, supply; troops, 10 occīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsum: kill, cut down, 14
dēdūcō, -ere: lead or bring down, launch, 10 opportūnus, -a, -um: suitable, convenient, 2
dēmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: drop, 3 paene: almost, nearly, 8
dēpōnō, -ere, -suī, -situm: put down/aside, 9 petō, petere, petīvī, petītum: seek, aim at, 10
difficultās, -tātis f.: difficulty, 7 postulō (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11
dōnum, -ī n.: gift, 6 prohibeō, -ēre, -hibuī: hold back, hinder, 2
Eurytiōn, -ōnis m.: Eurytion, 2 que: and, 14
fīnis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 quidem: indeed, in fact, assuredly, certainly, 8
gēns, gentis f.: clan, race, nation, herd, 4 sagitta, -ae f.: arrow, 10
Gēryōn, -onis m.: Geryon, 4 sōl, sōlis m.: sun, 10
Hispānia, -ae f.: Spain superior, -ium: higher, upper, 3
idōneus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 tālis, -e: such, 6
imber, imbris m.: rain tēlum, -ī n.: weapon, arrow, spear, 3
incola, -ae m.: inhabitant, 7 trānsportō (1): carry over or across, 2
incommodum, -ī n.: inconvenience, 2 ventus, -ī m.: wind, 10

2 morātur: is lingering; pres. deponent 18 fīnēs: borders; or ‘territory’

4 petiit: attacked; i.e. ‘chased’ syncopated pf. cōpiās: troops
peti(v)it coēgērunt: pf. cōgō (co-agō) means
Sōl: the god Sun; here personified ‘drive, compel’ or, as here, ‘gather’
5 ut…dederit: pf. subj. in a result clause, 19 longium: farther, comparative adv.
translate as a pf. indicative; dō, dare progredī: dep. inf. progredior
5 eī: dat. sg. ind. obj. is, ea, id 22 dēposuerat: had put aside; i.e. lost
libentissimē: superlative adverb tempore: at…; abl. of time when
7 nactum: having attained; pple nancīscor lapidum ingentium: gen. pl. 3rd decl.
8 quō in locō: in which place; in quō locō 23 Hī: these (rocks); supply lapidēs
9 profectus est: pf. dep. proficīscor vī: irregular abl. sg. vīs
10 trāderentur: that…be handed over; cecidērunt: pf. cadō
impf. pass. in an ind. command 24 ut…occīderint: that…; pf. subj. in a result
11 nōllet: impf. subj. of nōlō (inf. nōlle) clause, translate as a pf. indicative
in a cum-clause ut: as…; ut + ind., translate as ‘as’ or
ingentī magnitūdine: of…; abl. of quality ‘when’
as the predicate of erat 25 nihil incommodī: no harm; ‘nothing
17 continentem: the continent of inconvenience,’ partitive gen.
40 Heracles

41. THE PASSAGE OF THE ALPS 1

Postquam Ligurēs hōc modō superātī sunt, Herculēs quam
celerrimē prōgressus est et post paucōs diēs ad Alpēs pervēnit.
Necesse erat hās trānsīre, ut in Ītaliam bovēs ageret; rēs tamen
summae erat difficultātis. Hī enim montēs, quī ulteriōrem ā 5
citeriōre Galliam dīvidunt, nive perennī sunt tēctī; quam ob causam
neque frūmentum neque pābulum in hīs regiōnibus invenīrī potest.
Herculēs igitur antequam ascendere coepit, magnam cōpiam
frūmentī et pābulī comparāvit et hōc commeātū bovēs onerāvit.
Postquam in hīs rēbus trēs diēs cōnsūmpserat, quartō diē profectus 10
est, et contrā omnium opīniōnem bovēs incolumēs in Ītaliam
trādūxit.

42. CACUS STEALS THE OXEN

Brevī tempore ad flūmen Tiberim vēnit. Tum tamen nūlla erat urbs 15
in eō locō, Rōma enim nōndum condita erat. Herculēs itinere
fessus cōnstituit ibi paucōs diēs morārī, ut sē ex labōribus recreāret.
Haud procul ā valle ubi bovēs pāscēbantur spēlunca erat, in quā
Cācus, horribile mōnstrum, tum habitābat. Hic speciem terribilem
praebēbat, nōn modo quod ingentī magnitūdine corporis erat, sed 20
quod ignem ex ōre exspīrābat. Cācus autem dē adventū Herculis
fāmam accēperat; noctū igitur vēnit, et dum Herculēs dormit,
quattuor pulcherrimōrum boüm abripuit. Hōs caudīs in spēluncam
trāxit, nē Herculēs ē vestīgiīs cognōscere posset quō in locō cēlātī
essent. 25
 Heracles 41

abripiō, -ere, -ripuī, -reptum: snatch away 2 magnitūdō, -tūdinis f.: size, greatness, 13
adventus, -ūs m.: arrival, approach, 3 mōns, montis m.: mountain, mount, 5
agō, agere, ēgī, āctum: drive, lead, spend, 13 moror, -ārī, -ātus sum: delay, linger, 3
Alpēs, -ium f.: Alps necesse: necessary, 2
antequam: before, 9 nix, nivis f.: snow
ascendō, -ere, -ī, -ēnsum: ascend, mount, 3 noctū: at night, by night, 2
Cācus, -ī m.: Cacus, 4 nōndum: not yet, 4
cauda, -ae f.: tail, 2 ob: on account of (acc.), 13
celer, -eris, -ere: swift, quick, 12 onerō (1): load, burden, 2
cēlō (1): hide, conceal, 5 opīniō, -iōnis f.: opinion, reputation, 6
citerior, -ium: on this side, on the near side ōs, ōris n.: face, mouth 3
commeātus, -ūs m.: supplies, provisions pābulum, -ī n.: food, fodder, pasture, 2
comparō (1): prepare, collect, 4 pāscor, -ī, pāstus sum: feed
condō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: found; hide, 2 perennis, -e: perennial, perpetual
cōnsūmō, -ere, -mpsī, -mptum: take, spend 9 praebeō, -ēre, -uī, -itum: present, give, 7
contrā: against (+ acc.), 7 procul: from afar, from a distance, 5
cōpia, -ae f.: abundance, supply; troops, 10 pulcher, -chra, -chrum: beautiful, pretty, 2
difficultās, -tātis f.: difficulty, 7 quartus, -a, -um: one-fourth, 3
dīvidō, -ere, -vīsī, -vīsum: divide, separate, 3 quattuor: four
dormiō, -īre, -īvī: sleep, 8 recreō (1): make anew, renew
exspīrō (1): breathe out Rōma, -ae f.: Rome
fāma, -ae f.: fame, reputation, report, rumor 7 superō (1): overcome, defeat, 3
fessus, -a, -um: wearied, exhausted, 2 tego, -ere, tēxī, tēctum: cover, 1
frūmentum, -ī n.: grain, 4 terribilis, -e: terrible, dreadful, 5
Gallia, -ae f.: Gaul Tiberis, is m.: Tiber
haud: by no means, not at all, 4 trādūcō, -ere, -xī, -ctum: lead or bring over, 1
horribilis, -e: horrible, dreadful, 11 trahō, -ere, trāxī, tractum: draw, drag, 6
ignis, ignis, m.: fire, 9 trānseō, -īre, -iī (īvī), -itum: pass (by), 10
incolumis, -e: inscathed, uninjured, safe, 7 trēs, tria: three, 9
inveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum: find, discover 8 ulterior, -ius: farther, 3
Ītalia, -ae f.: Italy, 2 vallis, -is f.: valley, vale, 2
Ligurēs, -um m.: Ligurians, 3 vestīgium, -iī n.: track, foot-print, 4

2 hōc modō: in…; abl. manner 11 omnium: gen. pl. i-stem adj.
quam celerrimē: quam + superlative: ‘as X opīniōnem: expectation; obj. of contrā
as possible,’ here with a superlative adverb 15 Brevī tempore: abl. time when; 3rd
4 Necesse erat: it was necessary decl. i-stem adj.
hās: i.e. the Alps, Alpēs is fem. pl. 16 condita erat: had been established
ageret: purpose clause, impf. subj. agō itinere: abl. of means, iter
5 summae difficultātis: of…; gen. of 17 paucōs diēs: for…; acc. duration of time
description as predicate of erat morārī: linger; dep. inf.
ulteriōrem…Galliam: farther-side Gaul ut…recreāret: so that…might; purpose
from nearer-side (Gaul); the Alps divided 20 nōn modo…sed: not only…but
nearer-side Gaul (northern Italy) from ingentī magnitūdine: of…; abl. of quality
farther-side Gaul (France) 23 boüm: of the cattle; partitive gen.
6 nive perennī: abl. sg. of nix, nivis nē…posset: neg. purpose clause, impf.
sunt tēctī: tectī sunt, pf. pass. tegō subj. possum
quam ob causam: for which reason 25 quō in locō…cēlātī essent: in quō locō;
7 neque…neque: neither…nor plpf. subj. in ind. question
invenīrī: pass. inf. inveniō
10 quartō diē: on…; abl. time when
42 Heracles

43. HERCULES DISCOVERS THE THEFT 1

Posterō diē simul atque ē somnō excitātus est, Herculēs furtum
animadvertit et bovēs āmissōs omnibus locīs quaerēbat. Hōs tamen
nūsquam reperīre poterat, nōn modo quod locī nātūram ignorābat,
sed quod vestīgiīs falsīs dēceptus est. Tandem cum magnam 5
partem diēī frūstrā cōnsūmpsisset, cum reliquīs bōbus prōgredī
cōnstituit. At dum proficīscī parat, ūnus ē bōbus quōs sēcum habuit
mūgīre coepit. Subitō eī quī in spēluncā inclusī erant mugītum
reddidērunt, et hōc modō Herculem certiōrem fēcerunt quō in locō
cēlātī essent. Ille vehementer īrātus ad spēluncam quam celerrimē 10
sē contulit, ut praedam reciperet. At Cācus saxum ingēns ita
dēiēcerat ut aditus spēluncae omnīnō obstruerētur.

44. HERCULES AND CACUS

Herculēs cum nūllum alium introitum reperīre posset, hoc saxum 15
āmōvēre cōnātus est, sed propter eius magnitūdinem rēs erat
difficillima. Diū frūstrā labōrābat neque quicquam efficere poterat;
tandem tamen magnō cōnātū saxum āmōvit et spēluncam patefēcit.
Ibi āmissōs bovēs magnō cum gaudiō cōnspexit; sed Cācum ipsum
vix cernere potuit, quod spēlunca replēta erat fūmō quem ille mōre 20
suō ēvomēbat. Herculēs inūsitātā speciē turbātus breve tempus
haesitābat; mox tamen in spēluncam irrūpit et collum mōnstrī
bracchiīs complexus est. Ille etsī multum repugnāvit, nūllō modō
sē līberāre potuit, et cum nūlla facultās respīrandī darētur, mox
exanimātus est. 25
 Heracles 43

aditus, -ūs m.: approach, access, entrance, 2 inclūdō, -ere, -ūsī, -ūsum: close in, shut in, 7
alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 9 irrumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptum: burst in, 2
āmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: lose, let go, 8 introitus, -ūs m.: entrance, 6
āmoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtum: move away, 5 inūsitātus, -a, -um: unusual
animadvertō, -ere: turn mind to, notice, 6 īrātus, -a, -um: angry, 5
bracchium, -ī n.: arm, 2 labōrō (1): work, toil, labor, strive, 2
Cācus, -ī m.: Cacus, 4 līberō (1): set free, release, 6
celer, -eris, -ere: swift, quick, 12 magnitūdō, -tūdinis f.: size, greatness, 13
cēlō (1): hide, conceal, 5 mōs, mōris m.: custom, manner, law, 6
cernō, -ere, crēvī, crētum: discern, decide mūgiō, -īre, -īvī: moo, bellow, 2
certus, -a, -um: fixed, sure, 11 nātūra, -ae. f.: nature, 9
collum, -ī n.; neck, 6 nūsquam: nowhere
complector, -plectī, -plexus sum: embrace, 3 obstruō, -ere, -ūxī, -ūctum: block, close off 4
cōnātus, -ūs m.: attempt, effort, 7 omnīnō: altogether, wholely, entirely, 11
cōnspiciō, -ere, -exī, -ectum: catch sight of, 3 patefaciō, -ere, -fēcī, -factum: lay open, 2
cōnsūmō, -ere, -mpsī, -mptum: take, spend 9 posterus, -a, -um: following, next, 2
dēcipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: catch, deceive praeda, -ae f.: plunder, spoils, 2
dēiciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectum: throw/cast down 2 propter: on account of, because of, 6
difficilis, -e: hard, difficult, troublesome, 6 quisquam, quidquam: anyone, anything, 4
diū: a long time, long, 13 recipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: accept, take
efficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum: make, form, 3 back, 8
etsī: even if, although, though, 13 reddō, -ere, didī, dditum: give back, render 4
ēvomō, -ere, -uī, -vomitum: vomit forth reperiō, -īre, repperī, repertum: find, 9
exanimō (1): kill, exhaust, 9 repleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētum: fill again, fill, 4
excitō (1): excite, rouse, incite, 8 repugnō (1): fight against, oppose, resist, 2
facultās, -tātis f.: ability, opportunity, 5 respīrō (1): breathe back, breathe out, 2
fallō, -ere, fefellī, falsum: deceive, 3 simul: at the same time; at once, together, 10
frūstrā: in vain, for nothing, 13 somnus, -ī m.: sleep, 14
fūmus, -ī m.: smoke, 2 turbō (1): confuse, disturb, 2
furtum, -ī n.: theft vehementer: strongly, violently, ardently, 11
gaudium, -iī n.: gladness, joy, 9 vestīgium, -iī n.: track, foot-print, 4
haesitō (1): hesitate; stick, cling vix: with difficulty, with effort, scarcely, 5
ignārus, -a, -um: ignorant, not knowing, 2

2 posterō diē: on…; abl. time when quō in locō cēlātī essent: in quō locō;
simul atque: as soon as; “as the same plpf. pass. subj., ind. question
time as” 10 quam celerrimē: quam + superlative: ‘as
3 āmissōs: lost; PPP (pf. pass. pple) āmittō X as possible,’ here a superlative adverb
locīs: in…; abl. place where 11 sē contulit: carried himself; pf conferō
4 nōn modo…sed: not only…but ut…reciperet: so that…might; purpose
quod: because 12 ut…obstruerētur: purpose
6 diēī: of the day; partitive gen., 5th decl. posset: impf. subj. possum (inf. posse)
bōbum: irreg. abl. pl. bōs, bovis 16 cōnātus est: pf. deponent, translate in act.
prōgredī: dep. inf. prōgredior 17 difficillima: superlative, stems ending
7 proficīscī: dep. inf. proficīscor in r and l duplicate instead of -issimus
bōbum: irreg. abl. pl. bōs, bovis quicquam: quidquam, acc. direct obj.
8 eī quī: those who…; nom. pl. demonstrative 18 magnō cōnātū: with…; abl. manner
9 hōc modō: in…; abl. of manner 19 āmissōs: see line 3
certiōrem fēcērunt: made…more certain; 20 mōre suō: by his custom
i.e. ‘informed,’ a double acc., comparative 23 multum: much; adverbial acc.
adj. is is an acc. predicate 24 respīrandī: gen. gerund (-ing)
44 Heracles

45. 11th LABOR: GOLDEN APPLES OF THE HESPERIDES 1

Eurystheus postquam bovēs Gēryonis accēpit, labōrem ūndecimum
Herculī imposuit, graviōrem quam quōs suprā nārrāvimus.
Mandāvit enim eī ut aurea pōma ex hortō Hesperidum auferret.
Hesperidēs autem nymphae erant quaedam fōrmā praestantissimā, 5
quae in terrā longinquā habitābant, et quibus aurea quaedam pōma
ā Iūnōne commissa erant. Multī hominēs, aurī cupiditāte inductī,
haec pōma auferre iam anteā cōnātī erant. Rēs tamen difficillima
erat, namque hortus in quō pōma erant mūrō ingentī undique
circumdatus erat; praetereā dracō quīdam cui centum erant capita 10
portam hortī dīligenter custōdiēbat. Opus igitur quod Eurystheus
Herculī imperāverat erat summae difficultātis, nōn modo ob causās
quās memorāvimus, sed etiam quod Herculēs omnīnō ignorābat
quō in locō hortus ille situs esset.
15
46. HERCULES ASKS AID OF ATLAS
Herculēs, quamquam quiētem vehementer cupiēbat, tamen
Eurystheō pārēre cōnstituit, et simul ac iussa eius accēpit,
proficīscī mātūrāvit. Ā multīs mercātōribus quaesīverat quō in locō
Hesperidēs habitārent, nihil tamen certum reperīre potuerat. Frūstrā 20
per multās terrās iter fēcit et multa perīcula subiit; tandem, cum in
hīs itineribus tōtum annum cōnsūmpsisset, ad extrēmam partem
orbis terrārum, quae proxima est Ōceanō, pervēnit. Hīc stābat vir
quīdam, nōmine Ātlās, ingentī magnitūdine corporis, quī caelum
(ita trāditum est) umerīs suīs sustinēbat, nē in terram dēcideret. 25
 Heracles 45

ac: and, and also, 14 mandō (1): command; entrust, commit, 2

anteā: before, earlier, formerly, previously, 7 mātūrō (1): hasten, ripen, 7
Ātlās, -antis m.: Atlas, 8 memorō (1): recall, mention
auferō, -ferre, abstulī, -lātum: carry away 11 mercātor, -ōris m.: trader, merchant, 3
aureus, -a, -um: golden, 13 mūrus, -ī m.: wall, rampart, 4
aurum, -ī n.: gold, 3 namque: for, 2
caelum, -ī n.: sky, 4 nārrō (1): narrate, relate, 7
centum: hundred, 3 nihil: nothing, 14
certus, -a, -um: fixed, sure, 11 nōmen, nōminis, n.: name, 12
circumdō, -are, -dedī, -datum: surround nympha, -ae f.: nymph, 2
committō, -mittere, -mīsī: commit, entrust, 6 ob: on account of (acc.), 13
cōnor, cōnārī, cōnātus sum: try, attempt, 7 Ōceanus, -ī m.: Oceanus
cōnsūmō, -ere, -mpsī, -mptum: take, spend 9 omnīnō: altogether, wholely, entirely, 11
cupiditās, -tātis f.: desire, passion, 5 opus, -eris n.: work, deed, toil, 9
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītum: desire, long for, 4 orbis, -is m.: sphere; + terrārum, world
custōdiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītum: guard, 4 pāreō, -ēre, pāruī: obey, 3
dēcidō, -ere, -cidī: fall down pōmum, -ī n.: fruit, apple, 9
difficilis, -e: hard, difficult, troublesome, 6 porta, -ae f.: gate, 7
difficultās, -tātis f.: difficulty, 7 praestō, -stāre, -stitī: stand in front, show, 6
diligenter: carefully, diligently, 3 praetereā: besides, moreover, 3
dracō, -ōnis m.: dragon, serpent, 7 proximus, -a, -um: nearest, next, 5
extrēmus, -a, -um: outermost, farthest, last, 2 quamquam: although, 4
fōrma, -ae, f.: beauty, shape, form, 3 quiēs, quiētis f.: rest, repose, sleep, 5
frūstrā: in vain, for nothing, 13 reperiō, -īre, repperī, repertum: find, 9
Gēryōn, -onis m.: Geryon, 4 simul: at the same time; at once, together, 10
Hesperidēs, -um f.: Hesperides, 5 situs, -a, -um: situated, place, 2
hortus, -ī m.: garden, 7 stō, -āre, stetī, stātum: stand, 8
ignōrō (1): not know, be ignorant, 5 subeō, -īre, -iī: undergo, go up (to), 5
imperō (1): order, command, 12 suprā: above, before, 6
impōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum: place on, 7 sustineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold up, endure 7
indūcō, -ere, -xī, -ductum: induce, lead in, 2 umerus, -ī m.: shoulder, 3
Iūnō, -ōnis m.: Juno, 3 ūndecimus, -a, -um: eleventh, 2
longinquus, -a, -um: distant, remote, far off undique: from everywhere, from all sides, 7
magnitūdō, -tūdinis f.: size, greatness, 13 vehementer: strongly, violently, ardently, 11

3 graviōrem: comparative adj. 10 cui…erant: whom there were; i.e. ‘who

quam (labōrēs) quōs: than (the labors) had,’ or ‘whose…were,’ dat. of possession
which…; supply labōrēs 12 summae difficultātis: of…; gen. of
4 suprā: above; i.e. in previous discussion description as a predicate of erant
mandāvit: ordered; else “entrusted” nōn modo…sed etiam: not only…but also
eī: dat. ind. object 14 quō in locō: in quō locō
ut…auferret: that…; impf. subj. au-ferō esset: impf. subj., ind. question
(irreg. inf. ferre), ind. command 18 pārēre to obey; governs a dat. obj.
5 fōrmā praestantissimā: of…; abl. of simul ac: as soon as
quality as the predicate of erant 23 orbis terrārum: of the world; ‘sphere of
praestantissimā: most outstandiing lands’ a very common phrase for ‘earth’
6 quibum: whom; dat. ind. object 24 nōmine: by name; abl. of respect
7 aurī: for gold; object genitive ingentī magnitūdine: of…; abl. of quality
inductī: drawn; PPP indūcō 25 ita trāditum est: so it has been reported
8 auferre: inf. auferō nē…dēcideret: neg. purpose clause
9 ingentī: i-stem 3rd decl. abl. with murō
46 Heracles

Herculēs tantās vīrēs magnopere mirātus statim in colloquium cum 1

Ātlante vēnit, et cum causam itineris docuisset, auxilium ab eō
petiit.

47. HERCULES BEARS UP THE HEAVENS 5

Ātlās autem Herculī maximē prōdesse potuit; ille enim cum ipse
esset pater Hesperidum, certō scīvit quō in locō esset hortus.
Postquam igitur audīvit quam ob causam Herculēs vēnisset, "Ipse,"
inquit, "ad hortum ībō et fīliābus meīs persuādēbō ut pōma suā
sponte trādant." Herculēs cum haec audīret, magnopere gāvīsus est; 10
vim enim adhibēre nōluit, sī rēs aliter fierī posset. Cōnstituit igitur
oblātum auxilium accipere. Ātlās tamen postulāvit ut, dum ipse
abesset, Herculēs caelum umerīs sustinēret. Hoc autem negōtium
Herculēs libenter suscēpit, et quamquam rēs erat summī lābōris,
totum pondus caelī continuōs complūrēs diēs sōlus sustinēbat. 15

48. THE RETURN OF ATLAS

Ātlās intereā abierat et ad hortum Hesperidum, quī pauca mīlia
passuum aberat, sē quam celerrimē contulerat. Eō cum vēnisset,
causam veniendī exposuit et fīliās suās vehementer hortātus est ut 20
pōma trāderent. Illae diū haerēbant; nōlēbant enim hoc facere,
quod ab ipsā Iūnōne (ita ut ante dictum est) hoc mūnus accēpissent.
Ātlās tamen aliquandō eīs persuāsit ut sibi pārērent, et pōma ad
Herculem rettulit. Herculēs intereā cum plūrēs diēs exspectāvisset
neque ūllam fāmam dē reditū Ātlantis accēpisset, hāc morā graviter 25
 Heracles 47

abeō, -īre, -iī, -itum: go away, depart, 6 meus, -a, -um: my, mine, 2
absum, -esse, āfuī: be away, be absent, 7 mīlle (pl. mīlia): thousand, 7
adhibeō, -ēre, -uī, -itum: apply, hold to, 4 mīror, -ārī, -ātus sum: be amazed at, 7
aliquandō: sometimes, at some time mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14
aliter: otherwise, in another way, 3 mūnus, mūneris n.: service, gift, duty
ante: before, in front of (acc.); adv. before, 5 negōtium, iī n.: task, business, occupation, 13
Ātlās, -antis m.: Atlas, 8 nōlō, nōlle, nōluī: not…wish, be unwilling 12
caelum, -ī n.: sky, 4 ob: on account of (acc.), 13
celer, -eris, -ere: swift, quick, 12 offerō, -ferre, obtulī, -lātum: offer, present 5
certus, -a, -um: fixed, sure, 11 pāreō, -ēre, pāruī: obey, 3
complūrēs, -plūra: several, many passus, -ūs: pace, 7
colloquium, -iī n.: conversation pater, patris, m.: father, 12
continuus, -a, -um: continuous, successive, 2 persuādeō, -ēre, -suāsī, -suāsum: persuade, 9
diū: a long time, long, 13 petō, petere, petīvī, petītum: seek, aim at, 10
doceō, -ēre, -uī, -ctum: teach, tell, 9 plūs, plūris: more, many
eō, īre, iī (īvī), itūrum: go, 3 pōmum, -ī n.: fruit, apple, 9
expōnō, -ere, -suī, -situm: set out, explain 7 pondus, ponderis n.: weight, 2
fāma, -ae f.: fame, reputation, report, rumor 7 postulō (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11
fīō, fierī, factus sum: become, be made, 9 prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuī: profit, benefit, 6
gaudeō, -ēre, gāvīsus sum: enjoy, rejoice, 4 quamquam: although, 4
haereō, -ēre, haesī, haesūrum: stick, cling, 2 reditus, -ūs m.: return, 5
Hesperidēs, -um f.: Hesperides, 5 sciō, -īre, -īvī (iī), -ītum: know, understand, 9
hortus, -ī m.: garden, 7 sōlus, -a, -um: alone, only, lone, sole, 6
hortor, -ārī, -ātus sum: encourage, urge, 4 sponte: of one’s own will, voluntarily, 2
inquam, inquis, inquit: say, 6 suscipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: undertake, 14
intereā: meanwhile, 7 sustineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold up, endure 7
Iūnō, -ōnis m.: Juno, 3 ūllus, -a, -um: any, 3
libenter: gladly, willingly, 12 umerus, -ī m.: shoulder, 3
maximē: especially, very greatly, 5 vehementer: strongly, violently, ardently, 11

1 vīrēs: acc. pl. vīs 12 oblātum: offered; PPP of-ferō

mirātum: having marveled at; dep. PPP ut...sustinēret: ind. command
2 docuisset: plpf. subj. cum-clause 13 abesset: impf. subj. ab-sum
6 prōdesse: inf. prōsum, governs a dat. obj. 14 summī labōris: of…; gen. of desciption
cum…esset: since…; causal in sense, impf. 15 continuōs…diēs: for…; acc. of duration
subj. 18 abierat: impf. ab-eō
7 certō: for sure, in fact; adverb mīlia passum: miles; ‘thousands of
quō in locō: in quō locō paces;’ acc. of extent of space
esset: impf. subj. sum, ind. question 19 sē contulerat: had carried himself; i.e.
8 quam ob causam: for what reason ‘had gone’
vēnisset: plpf. subj., ind. question quam celerrimē: quam + superlative
9 ībō: 1s fut. eō, īre often is translated “as X as possible,”
fīliābum: irreg. dat. pl. obj. ind. obj. Eō: there; ibi is ‘there;’ inde (ibi +
ut…trādant: ind. command governed by de) is ‘from there;’ and eō ‘to there’
persuadēbō; pres. subj trādō 20 veniendī: gen. sg. gerund (-ing)
suā sponte: by their own will ut: that..; ind. command after dep. hortor
10 gāvīsus est: rejoiced; pf. dep.; gaudeō is 22 quod…accēpissent: because…had
semi-deponent (deponent in pf. tenses) received; plpf. subj. of alleged cause
11 vim: acc. sg. vīs ita ut: thus as...; ut + indicative is ‘as’
fierī: be done; inf. fiō which can be 24 rettulit: pf. re-ferō
employed as the passive of faciō plūrēs diēs: for…; acc. duration of time
48 Heracles

commōtus est. Tandem quīntō diē Ātlantem vīdit redeuntem, et 1

mox magnō cum gaudiō pōma accēpit; tum, postquam grātiās prō
tantō beneficiō ēgit, ad Graeciam proficīscī mātūrāvit.

49. 12th LABOR: CERBERUS THE THREE-HEADED DOG 5

Postquam aurea pōma ad Eurystheum relāta sunt, ūnus modo
relinquēbātur ē duodecim labōribus quōs Pythia Herculī
praecēperat. Eurystheus autem cum Herculem magnopere timēret,
eum in aliquem locum mittere volēbat unde numquam redīre
posset. Negōtium igitur eī dedit ut canem Cerberum ex Orcō in 10
lūcem traheret. Hoc opus omnium difficillimum erat, nēmō enim
umquam ex Orcō redierat. Praetereā Cerberus iste mōnstrum erat
horribilī speciē, cui tria erant capita serpentibus saevīs cīncta.
Antequam tamen dē hōc labōre nārrāmus, nōn aliēnum vidētur,
quoniam dē Orcō mentiōnem fēcimus, pauca dē eā regiōne 15
prōpōnere.

50. CHARON'S FERRY

Dē Orcō, quī īdem Hādēs appellābātur, haec trāduntur. Ut quisque
dē vītā dēcesserat, mānēs eius ad Orcum, sēdem mortuōrum, ā deō 20
Mercuriō dēdūcēbantur. Huius regiōnis, quae sub terrā fuisse
dīcitur, rēx erat Plūtō, cui uxor erat Prōserpina, Iovis et Cereris
fīlia. Mānēs igitur ā Mercuriō dēductī prīmum ad rīpam veniēbant
Stygis flūminis, quō rēgnum Plūtōnis continētur. Hoc trānsīre
necesse erat antequam in Orcum venīre possent. Cum tamen in hōc 25
flūmine nūllus pōns factus esset, mānēs trānsvehēbantur ā
 Heracles 49

agō, agere, ēgī, āctum: drive, lead, spend, 13 nēmō, nūllīus, nēminī, nēminem,
aliēnus, -a, -um: of another, foreign nūllō/nūllā: no one, 6
aliquī, -qua, -quod: some, any, definite, 3 numquam: never, at no time, 4
antequam: before, 9 opus, -eris n.: work, deed, toil, 9
appellō (1): call (by name), name, 12 Orcus, -ī m.: Orcus, underworld, 11
Ātlās, -antis m.: Atlas, 8 Plūtō, Plūtōnis m.: Pluto, 6
aureus, -a, -um: golden, 13 pōmum, -ī n.: fruit, apple, 9
beneficium, -iī n.: benefit, favor; kindness, 8 pōns, pontis m.: bridge, 2
canis, -is m. f.: dog, 3 praecipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: order, take, 6
Cerberus, -ī m.: Cerberus, 6 praetereā: besides, moreover, 3
Cerēs, Cereris f.: Ceres prō: before, in front of, for, 9
cingō, -ere, cīnxī, cīnctum: surround, gird prōpōnō, -ere, -suī, -situm: put or set forth, 4
contineō, -ēre, -nuī: hold or keep together, 4 Proserpina, -ae f.: Proserpina, 2
dēcēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum: depart; die, 2 Pȳthia, -ae f.: Pythia, 4
dēdūcō, -ere: lead or bring down, launch, 10 quīntus, -a, -um: fifth
difficilis, -e: hard, difficult, troublesome, 6 quisque, quidque: each one, each person, 3
duodecim: twelve, 6 quoniam: since now, seeing that
gaudium, -iī n.: gladness, joy, 9 relinquō, -ere, -līquī, -lictum: leave behind, 9
Graecia, -ae f.: Greece, 7 rīpa, -ae f.: bank, shore, 7
grātia, -ae f.: graditude, favor, thanks, 10 saevus, -a, -um: savage, fierce, 3
Hādēs, -ae m.: Hades sēdēs, sēdis f.: seat; abode, home, 5
horribilis, -e: horrible, dreadful, 11 serpēns, serpentis f.: serpent, 6
iste, ista, istud: that or those (of yours), 7 Styx, Stygis f.: Styx, 6
Iuppiter, Iovis m.: Jupiter, 8 sub: under, 4
lūx, lūcis f.: light, 6 timeō, -ēre, -uī: fear, dread, 6
mānēs, -ium m.: spirit, shade, 4 trahō, -ere, trāxī, tractum: draw, drag, 6
mātūrō (1): hasten, ripen, 7 trānseō, -īre, -iī (īvī), -itum: pass (by), 10
mentiō, -tiōnis f.: mention, 2 trānsvehō, -ere, -vexī: carry across, 2
Mercurius, -ī m.: Mercury, 8 trēs, tria: three, 9
morior, morī, mortuus sum: die, 4 umquam: ever, 5
nārrō (1): narrate, relate, 7 unde: whence, from which source, 6
necesse: necessary, 2 uxor, uxōris f.: wife, spouse, 10
negōtium, iī n.: task, business, occupation, 13 vīta, -ae, f.: life, 9

1 quīntō diē: on…; abl. time when 12 iste: that; commonly ‘that…of yours,’ is
redeuntem: acc. pred. pple. red-eō an alternative for ille that often expresses
2 grātiās…ēgit: gave thanks; common contempt
idiom, grātiās agō in the pf. 13 horribilī speciē: of…; abl. quality
prō: (in return) for cui…erant: whom there were…; ‘who
3 proficiscī: pres. dep. inf. had,’ dat. of possession
6 modo: just; or ‘only;’ an adverb which is 14 vidētur: it seems; ‘is seen,’ the subject is
often confused with the noun modus, -ī the inf. prōpōnere below; aliēnum is a
7 Herculī: dat. ind. obj. predicate nominative
cum: since…; causal in sense + impf. subj. 19 trāduntur: are reported; pres. pass.
10 unde…posset: from where…; impf. subj. Ut: when…; as often with indicative
in a rel. clause of characteristic 20 Huius regiōnis: gen. sg. with rex
negōtium…ut: task, (namely) that…; 22 cui: whose; dat. of possession
an indirect command in apposition 24 quō: by which; abl. of means
11 omnium: partitive gen. i-stem adj. with 25 necesse erat: it was necessary; impersonal
the following superlative difficilimum possent: were able; subj. of ideal limit
redierat: plpf. red-eō
50 Heracles

Charonte quōdam, quī cum parvā scaphā ad rīpam exspectābat. 1

Charōn prō hōc officiō mercēdem postulābat, neque quemquam,
nisi hoc praemium prius dedisset, trānsvehere volēbat. Quam ob
causam mōs erat apud antīquōs nummum in ōre mortuī pōnere eō
cōnsiliō, ut, cum ad Stygem vēnisset, pretium trāiectūs solvere 5
posset. Eī autem quī post mortem in terrā nōn sepultī erant Stygem
trānsīre nōn potuērunt, sed in rīpā per centum annōs errāre coāctī
sunt; tum dēmum Orcum intrāre licēbat.

51. THE REALM OF PLUTO 10

Ut autem mānēs Stygem hōc modō trānsierant, ad alterum
veniēbant flūmen, quod Lēthē appellābātur. Ex hōc flūmine aquam
bibere cōgēbantur; quod cum fēcissent, rēs omnēs in vītā gestās ē
memoriā dēpōnēbant. Dēnique ad sēdem ipsīus Plūtōnis veniēbant,
cuius introitus ā cane Cerberō custōdiēbātur. Ibi Plūtō nigrō vestītū 15
indūtus cum uxōre Prōserpinā in soliō sēdēbat. Stābant etiam nōn
procul ab eō locō tria alia solia, in quibus sēdēbant Mīnōs,
Rhadamanthus, Aeacusque, iūdicēs apud īnferōs. Hī mortuīs iūs
dīcēbant et praemia poenāsque cōnstituēbant. Bonī enim in
Campōs Elysiōs, sēdem beātōrum, veniēbant; improbī autem in 20
Tartarum mittēbantur ac multīs et variīs suppliciīs ibi
excruciābantur.
 Heracles 51

ac: and, and also, 14 niger, nigra, nigrum: black

Aeacus, -ī m.: Aeacus nisi: if not, unless, 2
alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 9 nummus, -ī m.: coin; cash
alter, -era, -erum: other (of two), second, 7 ob: on account of (acc.), 13
antīquus, -a, -um: ancient, 3 officium, -iī, n.: duty, 2
appellō (1): call (by name), name, 12 Orcus, -ī m.: Orcus, underworld, 11
apud: among, in the presence of (+ acc.), 9 ōs, ōris n.: face, mouth 3
aqua, -ae f.: water, 11 parvus, -a, -um: small, 3
beātus, -a, -um: blessed, happy, 3 Plūtō, Plūtōnis m.: Pluto, 6
bibō, -ere, bibī: drink, 4 poena, poenae, f.: punishment, 3
bonus, -a, -um: good, kind(ly), useful pōnō, -ere, posuī, positum: place, put, 5
campus, -ī m.: plain, field postulō (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11
canis, -is m. f.: dog, 3 praemium, -iī n.: reward, 5
centum: hundred, 3 pretium, iī n.: price, charge
Cerberus, -ī m.: Cerberus, 6 prium: before, 3
Charōn, -ontis m.: Charon, 5 prō: before, in front of, for, 9
cōgō, cōgere, -ēgī, -āctum: collect, compel, 5 procul: from afar, from a distance, 5
custōdiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītum: guard, 4 Proserpina, -ae f.: Proserpina, 2
dēmum: at length, finally, 3 que: and, 14
dēnique: lastly, finally quisquam, quidquam: anyone, anything, 4
dēpōnō, -ere, -suī, -situm: put down/aside, 9 Rhadamanthus, -ī m.: Rhadamanthus
Ēlysius, -a, -um: Elysian rīpa, -ae f.: bank, shore, 7
errō (1): wander, 3 scapha, -ae f.: boat, skiff, 4
excruciō (1): torture sedeō, -ēre, sēdī, sessum: sit, 6
improbus, -a, -um: wicked sēdēs, sēdis f.: seat; abode, home, 5
induō, -ere, induī, indūtum: put on, 8 sepeliō, -īre, -īvī, sepultum: bury
īnferī, -ōrum m.: the dead, the shades solium, -ī n.: throne, seat, 2
intrō (1): go into, enter, 7 stō, -āre, stetī, stātum: stand, 8
introitus, -ūs m.: entrance, 6 Styx, Stygis f.: Styx, 6
iūdex, iūdicis m.: judge supplicium, -iī n.; punishment, supplication, 5
iūs, iūris n.: justice, law, right, 4 Tartarus, -ī m.: Tartarus
Lēthē, -ēs f.: Lethe (river) trāiectus, -ūs m.: passage (across)
licet, -ēre, -uit: is allowed, permitted, 5 trānseō, -īre, -iī (īvī), -itum: pass (by), 10
mānēs, -ium m.: spirit, shade, 4 trānsvehō, -ere, -vexī: carry across, 2
memoria, -ae f.: memory, 4 trēs, tria: three, 9
mercēs, mercēdis f.: pay, wages uxor, uxōris f.: wife, spouse, 10
Mīnōs, Mīnōīs m.: Minos varius, -a, -um: various, 2
mors, mortis, f.: death, 9 vestītus, -ūs m.: clothing
mortuus, -a, -um: dead, 7 vīta, -ae, f.: life, 9
mōs, mōris m.: custom, manner, law, 6

1 ad: near, at trāiectūs: gen. sg., 4th decl. trāiectus

2 prō: (in return) for 7 Herculī: dat. ind. obj.
3 nisi…dedisset: if he had not given; 8 licēbat: it would be allowed; iterative
protasis in a simple past condition, or customary impf.
originally pf. ind., made plpf. subj. 11 Ut: When…; ut + indicative, transeō
volēbat: was (Charon) willing… 13 rēs…gestās: all matters carried out…
quam ob causam: for which reason 15 cuium: of which; gen. quī, quae, quod
4 mōs erat: it was the custom…to 16 stābant: subj. is neuter pl. tria sōlia
5 eō cōnsiliō, ut…: with this purpose 18 iūs dīcēbant: dispensed justice
(namely) that…; purpose clause 20 Campōs Elysiōs: Elysian Fields
52 Heracles

52. HERCULES CROSSES THE STYX 1

Herculēs postquam imperia Eurystheī accēpit, in Lacōniam ad
Taenarum statim sē contulit; ibi enim spēlunca erat ingentī
magnitūdine, per quam, ut trādēbātur, hominēs ad Orcum
dēscendēbant. Eō cum vēnisset, ex incolīs quaesīvit quō in locō 5
spēlunca illa sita esset; quod cum cognōvisset, sine morā
dēscendere cōnstituit. Nec tamen sōlus hoc iter faciēbat, Mercurius
enim et Minerva sē eī sociōs adiūnxerant. Ubi ad rīpam Stygis
vēnit, Herculēs scapham Charontis cōnscendit, ut ad ulteriōrem
rīpam trānsīret. Cum tamen Herculēs vir esset ingentī magnitūdine 10
corporis, Charōn solvere nōlēbat; magnopere enim verēbātur nē
scapha sua tantō pondere onerāta in mediō flūmine mergerētur.
Tandem tamen, minīs Herculis territus, Charōn scapham solvit, et
eum incolumem ad ulteriōrem rīpam perdūxit.
15
53. THE LAST LABOR IS ACCOMPLISHED
Postquam flūmen Stygem hōc modō trānsiit, Herculēs in sēdem
ipsīus Plūtōnis vēnit; et postquam causam veniendī docuit, ab eō
petīvit ut Cerberum auferre sibi licēret. Plūtō, quī dē Hercule
fāmam accēperat, eum benignē excēpit, et facultātem quam ille 20
petēbat libenter dedit. Postulāvit tamen ut Herculēs ipse, cum
imperāta Eurystheī fēcisset, Cerberum in Orcum rūrsus redūceret.
Herculēs hoc pollicitus est, et Cerberum, quem nōn sine magnō
perīculō manibus prehenderat, summō cum labōre ex Orcō in
 Heracles 53

adiungō, -ere, -iūnxī, -iūnctum: join to, 2 nec: and not, nor, 10
auferō, -ferre, abstulī, -lātum: carry away 11 nōlō, nōlle, nōluī: not…wish, be unwilling 12
benignus, -a, -um: kind, 4 onerō (1): load, burden, 2
Cerberus, -ī m.: Cerberus, 6 Orcus, -ī m.: Orcus, underworld, 11
Charōn, -ontis m.: Charon, 5 perdūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ctum: lead through, 4
cōnscendō, -ere, -ndī, -nsum: climb aboard, 6 petō, petere, petīvī, petītum: seek, aim at, 10
dēscendō, -ere, -ndī, -scēnsum: descend, 4 Plūtō, Plūtōnis m.: Pluto, 6
doceō, -ēre, -uī, -ctum: teach, tell, 9 polliceor, -ērī, -citus sum: promise, proffer, 2
excipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptum: take out, receive 9 pondus, ponderis n.: weight, 2
facultās, -tātis f.: ability, opportunity, 5 postulō (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11
fāma, -ae f.: fame, reputation, report, rumor 7 prehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hēnsum: seize, 5
imperium, -iī n.: power to command, rule, 2 redūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -tum: lead/bring back, 11
imperō (1): order, command, 12 rīpa, -ae f.: bank, shore, 7
incola, -ae m.: inhabitant, 7 rūrsus: again, backward, back, 7
incolumis, -e: inscathed, uninjured, safe, 7 scapha, -ae f.: boat, skiff, 4
Lacōnia, -ae f.: Laconia, Sparta sēdēs, sēdis f.: seat; abode, home, 5
libenter: gladly, willingly, 12 situs, -a, -um: situated, place, 2
licet, -ēre, -uit: is allowed, permitted, 5 sōlus, -a, -um: alone, only, lone, sole, 6
magnitūdō, -tūdinis f.: size, greatness, 13 Styx, Stygis f.: Styx, 6
medius, -a, -um: middle of, 10 Taenarus, -ī m.: Taenarus
Mercurius, -ī m.: Mercury, 8 terreō, -ēre, -uī, territum: terrify, scare, 5
mergō, mergere, mersī, mersum: sink, 3 trānseō, -īre, -iī (īvī), -itum: pass (by), 10
minae, -ārum f.: threats ulterior, -ius: farther, 3
Minerva, -ae f.: Minerva, 4 vereor, -ērī, -itum: be afraid, fear; revere, 5
mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14

3 sē contulit: carried themselves; i.e. solvere: set sail

“betook himself,” pf. conferō 11 verēbātur: impf. dep. vereor
ingentī magnitūdine: of…; abl. of quality; nē…mergerētur: that…might sink; clause
3rd decl. i-stem abl. of fearing, translate positively
4 ut: as…; ut + indicative 17 hōc modō: in this way; abl. manner
5 Eō: there; ibi is ‘there;’ inde is ‘from trānsiit: pf. trānseō
there;’ and eō ‘to there’ 18 veniendī: gen. sg. gerund (-ing)
quō in locō: in quō locō 19 petīvit ut: asked that…; introduces an
6 esset: impf. subj. sum, ind. question ind. command
quod cum: which when…; relative clause licēret: it be allowed; impersonal impf.
8 eī: him; dat. of compound verb 20 excēpit: welcomed
sociōs: as comrades; predicative 21 ut…redūceret: that…lead back; ind.
10 ut…trānsīret: so that…might; impf. subj. command; impf. subjunctive
trānseō in a purpose clause 22 pollicitus est: promised; pf. dep.
54 Heracles

lūcem et ad urbem Eurystheī trāxit. Eō cum vēnisset, tantus timor 1

animum Eurystheī occupāvit ut ex ātriō statim refūgerit; cum
autem paulum sē ex timōre recēpisset, multīs cum lacrimīs
obsecrāvit Herculem ut mōnstrum sine morā in Orcum redūceret.
Sīc contrā omnium opīniōnem duodecim illī labōrēs quōs Pythia 5
praecēperat intrā duodecim annōs confectī sunt; quae cum ita
essent, Herculēs servitūte tandem līberātus magnō cum gaudiō
Thēbās rediit.

54. THE CENTAUR NESSUS 10

Posteā Herculēs multa alia praeclāra perfēcit, quae nunc
perscrībere longum est. Tandem iam aetāte prōvectus Dēianīram,
Oeneī fīliam, in mātrimōnium dūxit; post tamen trēs annōs accidit
ut puerum quendam, cui nōmen erat Eunomus, cāsū occīderit. Cum
autem mōs esset, ut sī quis hominem cāsū occīdisset, in exsilium 15
īret, Herculēs cum uxōre suā ē fīnibus eius cīvitātis exīre mātūrāvit.
Dum tamen iter faciunt, ad flūmen quoddam pervēnērunt in quō
nūllus pōns erat; et dum quaerunt quōnam modō flūmen trānseant,
accurrit centaurus Nessus, quī viātōribus auxilium obtulit. Herculēs
igitur uxōrem suam in tergum Nessī imposuit; tum ipse flūmen 20
trānāvit. Nessus autem paulum in aquam prōgressus ad rīpam
subitō revertēbātur et Dēianīram auferre cōnābātur. Quod cum
animadvertisset Herculēs, īrā graviter commōtus arcum intendit et
pectus Nessī sagittā trānsfīxit.
 Heracles 55

accidō, -ere, accidī: happen, fall (on)to, 8 nunc: now, at present, 4

accurrō, -ere, -cucurrī, -cursum: run to, 2 obsecrō (1): beseech, implore, entreat, 5
aetās, aetātis f.: age, lifetime, time, 4 occīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsum: kill, cut down, 14
alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 9 occupō (1): occupy, seize, 8
animadvertō, -ere: turn mind to, notice, 6 Oeneus, -ī m.: Oeneus
aqua, -ae f.: water, 11 offerō, -ferre, obtulī, -lātum: offer, present 5
arcus, -ūs m.; bow, 4 opīniō, -iōnis f.: opinion, reputation, 6
atrium, atriī n.: atrium, 3 Orcus, -ī m.: Orcus, underworld, 11
auferō, -ferre, abstulī, -lātum: carry away 11 pectus, pectoris n.: breast, chest, heart, 3
cāsus, -ūs m.: misfortune, accident, event, 8 perficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum: accomplish, 3
centaurus, -ī m.: centaur, 12 perscrībō, -ere, -psī, -scriptum: write fully, 3
cīvitās. cīvitātis f.: citizenship, state pōns, pontis m.: bridge, 2
cōnor, cōnārī, cōnātus sum: try, attempt, 7 posteā: after this, afterwards, 7
contrā: against (+ acc.), 7 praecipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: order, take, 6
Dēianīra, -ae f.: Deianira, 5 praeclārus, -a, -um: bright, very famous, 2
dūcō, -ere, dūxī, ductum: lead, draw, bring, 5 prōvehō, -ere, -vexī, -vectum: carry forth, 3
duodecim: twelve, 6 Pȳthia, -ae f.: Pythia, 4
eō, īre, iī (īvī), itūrum: go, 3 quisnam, quaenam, quidnam: who, what
Eunomus, -ī m.: Eunomus recipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: accept, take
exeō, -īre, -iī, -itum: go out, 5 back, 8
exsilium, -iī n.: exile, 2 redūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -tum: lead/bring back, 11
fīnis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 refugiō, -ere, -fūgī: flee back, 5
gaudium, -iī n.: gladness, joy, 9 revertō, -ere, reversī: turn back, return, 2
impōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum: place on, 7 rīpa, -ae f.: bank, shore, 7
intendō, -ere, -ndī, -ntum: stretch out, aim, 4 sagitta, -ae f.: arrow, 10
intrā: within, among (+ acc.), 4 serviō, -īre, -īvī, -ītum: be slave to, serve
īra, īrae f.: anger, 12 sīc: thus, in this way, 2
lacrima, -ae f.: tear, 10 tergum, -ī n.: back, 8
līberō (1): set free, release, 6 Thēbae, -ārum f.: Thebes, 4
longus, -a, -um: long, 4 trahō, -ere, trāxī, tractum: draw, drag, 6
lūx, lūcis f.: light, 6 trānō (1): swim across,1
mātrimōnium, -iī n.: marriage, 6 trānseō, -īre, -iī (īvī), -itum: pass (by), 10
mātūrō (1): hasten, ripen, 7 trānsfīgō, -fīgere, -fīxī, -fīxum: pierce, 4
mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14 trēs, tria: three, 9
mōs, mōris m.: custom, manner, law, 6 uxor, uxōris f.: wife, spouse, 10
Nessus, -ī m.: Nessus, 7 viātor, -tōris m.: traveler
nōmen, nōminis, n.: name, 12

1 Eō: there 11 praeclāra: famous (things); neuter pl.

2 ut…refūgerit: that…; result; unusual with 12 aetāte prōvectum: having advanced in
pf. subj., translate in the perfect tense age; abl. of respect; PPP prōvehor
3 paulum: a little; adverbial acc. trēs annōs: for…; acc. of duration of time
sē recēpisset: had retreated; idiom 13 accidit ut: it happened that; noun result
4 ut…redūceret: ind. command clause with pf. subjunctive
6 praecēperat: had instructed 14 cui: whom was; ‘who had,’ or ‘whose…
quae cum...essent: Since these things were was,’ dat. of possession
so; i.e. ‘as a result,’ common in Cicero 15 sī quis: if anyone had killed, he would go
7 servitūte: from…; abl. of separation 18 quōnam…trānseant: in what way...; abl.
8 Thēbās: Thebes; place to which, ‘ad’ is manner; ind. question, pres. subj. trāns-eō
not included for towns and cities 22 Quod: this; ‘which,’ English prefers a
rediit: pf. red-eō demonstrative in transitions
56 Heracles

55. THE POISONED ROBE 1

Nessus igitur sagittā Herculis trānsfīxus moriēns humī iacēbat; at
nē occāsiōnem suī ulcīscendī dīmitteret, ita locūtus est: “Tū,
Dēianīra, verba morientis audī. Sī amōrem marītī tuī cōnservāre
vīs, hunc sanguinem, quī nunc ē pectore meō effunditur, sūme ac 5
repōne; tum, sī umquam in suspiciōnem tibi vēnerit, vestem marītī
hōc sanguine īnficiēs.” Haec locūtus, Nessus animam efflāvit;
Dēianīra autem nihil malī suspicāta imperāta fēcit. Paulō post
Herculēs bellum contrā Eurytum, rēgem Oechaliae, suscēpit; et
cum rēgem ipsum cum fīliīs interfēcisset, Iolēn eius fīliam 10
captīvam sēcum redūxit. Antequam tamen domum vēnit, nāvem ad
Cēnaeum prōmuntūrium appulit, et in terram ēgressus āram
cōnstituit, ut Iovī sacrificāret. Dum tamen sacrificium parat,
Licham comitem suum domum mīsit, quī vestem albam referret;
mōs enim erat apud antīquōs, dum sacrificia facerent, albam 15
vestem gerere. At Dēianīra verita nē Herculēs amōrem ergā Iolēn
habēret, vestem priusquam Lichae dedit, sanguine Nessī īnfēcit.

56. THE DEATH OF HERCULES

Herculēs nihil malī suspicāns vestem quam Lichās attulerat statim 20
induit; paulō post tamen dolōrem per omnia membra sēnsit, et quae
causa esset eius reī magnopere mīrābātur. Dolōre paene
exanimātus, vestem dētrahere cōnātus est; illa tamen in corpore
haesit, neque ūllō modō abscindī potuit. Tum dēmum Herculēs,
quasi furōre impulsus, in montem Octam sē contulit, et in rogum, 25
 Heracles 57

abscindō, -ere, -scidī, -scissum: tear off malus, -a, -um: bad, 3
ac: and, and also, 14 marītus, -ī m.: husband, 3
afferō, -ferre, attulī, allātum: carry to bring 5 membrum, -ī n.: limb, member, 10
albus, -a, -um: white, 2 meus, -a, -um: my, mine, 2
amor, -ōris m.: love, desire, passion, 3 mīror, -ārī, -ātus sum: be amazed at, 7
anima, -ae f.: breath, soul, life mōns, montis m.: mountain, mount, 5
antequam: before, 9 morior, morī, mortuus sum: die, 4
antīquus, -a, -um: ancient, 3 mōs, mōris m.: custom, manner, law, 6
appellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsum: drive (to), 14 Nessus, -ī m.: Nessus, 7
apud: among, in the presence of (+ acc.), 9 nihil: nothing, 14
āra, -ae f.: altar, 2 numquam: never, at no time, 4
bellum, -ī, n.: war, 6 nunc: now, at present, 4
captīvus, -a, -um: prisoner, 2 occāsiō, -iōnis f.: chance, opportunity, 6
Cēnaeum, -ī n.: Cenaeum ( n Euboea) Octa, ae f.: Octa (mountain)
comes, -itis m./f.: companion, 3 Oechalia, -ae f.: Oechalia
cōnor, cōnārī, cōnātus sum: try, attempt, 7 paene: almost, nearly, 8
cōnservō (1): preserve, keep pectus, pectoris n.: breast, chest, heart, 3
contrā: against (+ acc.), 7 priusquam: before than, sooner than, 2
Dēianīra, -ae f.: Deianira, 5 prōmunturium, -iī n.: promontory
dēmum: at length, finally, 3 quasi: as if, 4
dētrahō, -ere, -āxī, -actum: draw away/off, 2 redūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -tum: lead/bring back, 11
domus, -ūs f.: house, home, dwelling, 11 repōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum: put back, 2
efflō (1): breath out rogus, -ī m.: pyre, 2
effundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsum: pour out sacrificium, -iī n.: sacrifice, 5
ergā: toward, for (+ acc.) sacrificō (1): sacrifice
Eurytus, -ī m.: Eurytus sagitta, -ae f.: arrow, 10
exanimō (1): kill, exhaust, 9 sanguis, sanguinis m.: blood, 6
furor, -ōris m.: rage, fury, madness, 4 sūmō, -ere, sūmpsī, sūmptum: take, 3
haereō, -ēre, haesī, haesūrum: stick, cling, 2 suscipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: undertake, 14
humī: on the ground, 2 suspiciō, -iōnis f.: suspicion, look askance
iaceō, -ēre, -uī: lie, lie low, 3 suspicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum: suspect, mistrust, 7
impellō, -ere, pulī, pulsum: drive on, incite, 3 trānsfīgō, -fīgere, -fīxī, -fīxum: pierce, 4
imperō (1): order, command, 12 tū: you, 10
induō, -ere, induī, indūtum: put on, 8 tuus, -a, -um: your, yours, 3
īnficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum: stain, dye, 4 ulcīscor, ulcīscī, ultus sum: avenge, 2
Iolē, -ēs f.: Iole, 2 ūllus, -a, -um: any, 3
Iuppiter, Iovis m.: Jupiter, 8 verbum, -ī n.: word, speech, 4
Lichās, -ae m.: Lichas, 3 vereor, -ērī, -itum: be afraid, fear; revere, 5
loquor, loquī, locūtus sum: speak, address, 9 vestis, -is f.: clothing, 12

2 moriēns: dying; pres. pple. morior infect; a future-more-vivid condition (fut.

humī: on the ground; locative pf., fut.); in English, the protasis is present
3 nē…dīmitteret: so that…not; neg. purpose but future in sense
clause 8 nihil malī: nothing (of) bad; partitive
suī ulcīscendī: of avenging himself; use a paulō: little later; abl. degree of difference
gerundive-gerund flip: translate the pronoun 11 sēcum: cum sē
(gen. sg. of sē) + gerundive as gerund + obj. 13 ut…sacrificāret: so that…; purpose
4 audī: sg. imperative, audiō Iovī: Jupiter; dat. of interest
5 vīs: 2s pres. volō, velle 14 domum: home; place to which
sume, repōne: sg. imperatives referret: would bring; rel. of purpose
6 vēnerit, inficiēs: if…comes, you will 16 verita nē: fearing lest; fearing clause
58 Argonauts

quem summā celeritāte exstrūxit, sē imposuit. Hoc cum fēcisset, 1

eōs quī circumstābant ōrāvit ut rogum quam celerrimē
succenderent. Omnēs diū recūsābant; tandem tamen pāstor quīdam,
ad misericordiam inductus, ignem subdidit. Tum, dum omnia fūmō
obscūrantur, Herculēs, dēnsā nūbe vēlātus ā Iove, in Olympum 5
abreptus est.

57. THE WICKED UNCLE

Erant ōlim in Thessaliā duo frātrēs, quōrum alter Aesōn, Peliās
alter appellābātur. Aesōn prīmō rēgnum obtinuerat; at post paucōs 10
annōs Peliās, rēgnī cupiditāte adductus, nōn modo frātrem suum
expulit, sed etiam in animō habēbat Iāsonem, Aesōnis fīlium,
interficere. Quīdam tamen ex amīcīs Aesōnis, ubi sententiam
Peliae cognōvērunt, puerum ē tantō perīculō ēripere cōnstituērunt.
Noctū igitur Iāsonem ex urbe abstulērunt, et cum posterō diē ad 15
rēgem rediissent, eī renuntiāvērunt puerum mortuum esse. Peliās
cum hoc audīvisset, etsī rē vērā magnum gaudium percipiēbat,
speciem tamen dolōris praebuit et quae causa esset mortis
quaesīvit. Illī autem cum bene intellegerent dolōrem eius falsum
esse, nesciō quam fābulam dē morte puerī fīnxērunt. 20

58. A FATEFUL ACCIDENT

Post breve tempus Peliās, veritus nē rēgnum suum tantā vī et
fraude occupātum āmitteret, amīcum quendam Delphōs mīsit, quī
ōrāculum cōnsuleret. Ille igitur quam celerrimē Delphōs sē contulit 25
et quam ob causam vēnisset dēmōnstrāvit. Respondit ōrāculum
 Argonauts 59

abripiō, -ere, -ripuī, -reptum: snatch away 2 indūcō, -ere, -xī, -ductum: induce, lead in, 2
addūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ctum: lead to, bring, 8 Iuppiter, Iovis m.: Jupiter, 8
Aesōn, -ōnis m.: Aeson, father of Jason, 4 misericordia, -ae f.: pity, compassion
alter, -era, -erum: other (of two), second, 7 morior, morī, mortuus sum: die, 4
amīcus, -ī m.: friend, 6 mors, mortis, f.: death, 9
āmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: lose, let go, 8 nesciō, -īre, -scīvī, -scītum: not know, 4
appellō (1): call (by name), name, 12 noctū: at night, by night, 2
auferō, -ferre, abstulī, -lātum: carry away 11 nūbēs, -is f.: cloud
bene: well, 5 ob: on account of (acc.), 13
celeritās, -tātis f.: speed, quickness, 7 obscūrō (1): hide, conceal
circumstō, -āre, -stetī: stand around obtineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold, maintain, 9
cōnsulō, -ere, -luī, -ltum: consult, 3 occupō (1): occupy, seize, 8
cupiditās, -tātis f.: desire, passion, 5 ōlim: once, formerly, 10
Delphī, -ōrum m.: Delphi, oracle of Apollo, 2 Olympus, -ī m.: Olympus
dēmōnstrō (1): show, demonstrate, 13 ōrāculum, -ī n.: oracle, 11
dēnsus, -a, -um: thick, 2 ōrō (1): pray (for), entreat, beseech, 5
diū: a long time, long, 13 pāstor, pāstoris m.: shepherd, 2
duo, duae, duo: two, 10 Peliās, -ae f.: Pelias, 14
ēripiō, -ere, -uī, -reptum: tear from, rescue, 2 percipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: feel perceive 5
etsī: even if, although, though, 13 posterus, -a, -um: following, next, 2
expellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsum: drive out, 3 praebeō, -ēre, -uī, -itum: present, give, 7
exstruō, -ere, -uxī, -ūctum: build, heap up recūsō (1): refuse, give a reason against
fābula, -ae f.: story renūntiō (1): report, announce, 2
fallō, -ere, fefellī, falsum: deceive, 3 respondeō, -ēre, -dī, -ōnsum: answer, 13
fīlius, -iī m.: son, 10 rogus, -ī m.: pyre, 2
fingō, -ere, fīnxī, fictum: make up, imagine sententia, -ae f.: thought, feeling, opinion, 2
frāter, -tris m.: brother, 5 subdō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: put under, apply
fraus, fraudis f.: fraud, deception, 2 succendō, -ere, -cendī, -cēnsum: kindle
fūmus, -ī m.: smoke, 2 Thessalia, -ae f.: Thessaly, 4
gaudium, -iī n.: gladness, joy, 9 vēlō (1): veil, cover
ignis, ignis, m.: fire, 9 vereor, -ērī, -itum: be afraid, fear; revere, 5
impōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum: place on, 7 vērus, -a, -um: true, real, 2

1 summā celeritāte: with…; abl. manner 16 eī: nom. pl. or dat. sg. for is, ea, id
2 eōs quī: those who; demonstrative puerum…esse: that…; ind. discourse,
ut..succenderent: that..; ind. command translate pres. inf. of sum as imperfect
quam celerrimē: as fast as possible 17 cum…audīvisset: plpf. subj. audiō,
9 Erant: there were translate as you would plpf. indicative
alter…alter: one…the other; apply the rē vērā: in true fact; abl. of respect
verb appellābātur to both nom. subjects 18 quae causa esset mortis: what was…;
10 prīmō: first; adverb indirect question with impf. subj. sum
11 regnī: for the kingdom; objective gen. 19 dolōrem…esse: that…; see 16 above
adductum: attracted; “drawn” PPP 20 nesciō quam: some; “I-do-not-know-
nōn modo…etiam: not only…but also what,” indefinite modifying fābulam
12 in animō habēbat: had in mind; common 23 veritus nē: having feared that…would;
way in Latin to express ‘I intended’ PPP, fearing clause (nē + impf. subj.)
14 ēripere: commonly means ‘to rescue’ vī: with force; irreg. abl. of means, vīs
15 abstulērunt: pf. au-ferō (ā/ab + ferō) 24 Delphōs: Delphī; place to which
cum…rediissent: when…; plpf. subj. 25 cōnsuleret: would consult; purpose
redeō as often translate in the correct tense 26 quam ob causam: for what reason
posterō diē: on…;abl. of time when vēnisset: plpf. subj., ind. question
60 Argonauts

nūllum esse in praesentiā perīculum; monuit tamen Peliam ut sī 1

quis ūnum calceum gerēns venīret, eum cavēret. Post paucīs annīs
accidit ut Peliās magnum sacrificium factūrus esset; nūntiōs in
omnēs partēs dīmīserat et certam diem conveniendī dīxerat. Diē
cōnstitūtā magnus hominum numerus undique ex agrīs convēnit; in 5
hīs autem vēnit etiam Iāsōn, quī ā pueritiā apud centaurum
quendam habitāverat. Dum tamen iter facit, ūnum ē calceīs in
trānseundō nesciō quō flūmine āmīsit.

59. THE GOLDEN FLEECE 10

Iāsōn igitur cum calceum āmissum nūllō modō recipere posset, ūnō
pede nūdō in rēgiam pervēnit. Quem cum Peliās vīdisset, subitō
timōre affectus est; intellēxit enim hunc esse hominem quem
ōrāculum dēmōnstrāvisset. Hoc igitur cōnsilium iniit. Rēx erat
quīdam Aeētēs, quī rēgnum Colchidis illō tempore obtinēbat. Huic 15
commissum erat illud vellus aureum quod Phrixus ōlim ibi
relīquerat. Cōnstituit igitur Peliās Iāsonī negōtium dare ut hōc
vellere potīrētur; cum enim rēs esset magnī perīculī, eum in itinere
perītūrum esse spērābat. Iāsonem igitur ad sē arcessīvit, et eum
cohortātus quid fierī vellet docuit. Ille etsī intellegēbat rem esse 20
difficillimam, negōtium libenter suscēpit.

60. THE BUILDING OF THE GOOD SHIP ARGO

Cum tamen Colchis multōrum diērum iter ab eō locō abesset, sōlus
Iāsōn proficīscī nōluit. Dīmīsit igitur nūntiōs in omnēs partēs, quī 25
causam itineris docērent et diem certam conveniendī dīcerent.
 Argonauts 61

absum, -esse, āfuī: be away, be absent, 7 nesciō, -īre, -scīvī, -scītum: not know, 4
accidō, -ere, accidī: happen, fall (on)to, 8 nōlō, nōlle, nōluī: not…wish, be unwilling 12
Aeētēs: Aeetes, king of Cochis, 10 nūdus, -a, -um: naked, bare
afficiō, -ere, -fēcī, fectum: influence, treat, 13 numerus, -ī m.: number, multitude, 7
ager, -grī m.: land, field, territory, 11 nūntius, -iī m.: messenger, 12
āmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: lose, let go, 8 obtineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold, maintain, 9
apud: among, in the presence of (+ acc.), 9 ōlim: once, formerly, 10
arcessō, -ere, -īvī, -itum: summon, invite, 2 ōrāculum, -ī n.: oracle, 11
aureus, -a, -um: golden, 13 Peliās, -ae f.: Pelias, 14
calceus, -ī m.: shoe, 3 pereō, perīre, periī, peritūrum: perish
caveō, -ēre, cāvī, cautum: be on guard, 1 pēs, pedis m.: foot, 8
centaurus, -ī m.: centaur, 12 Phrixus –ī m.: Phrixus
certus, -a, -um: fixed, sure, 11 potior, -īrī, potītus sum: get possession of
cohortor, -hortārī, -hortātum: encourage, 2 praesentia, -ae f.: the present
Colchis, -idis f.: Colchis, 4 pueritia, -ae, f.: childhood
committō, -mittere, -mīsī: commit, entrust, 6 recipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: take back, 8
cōnveniō, -īre, vēnī, ventum: come together 8 rēgia, -ae f.: palace, 4
dēmōnstrō (1): show, demonstrate, 13 relinquō, -ere, -līquī, -lictum: leave behind, 9
difficilis, -e: hard, difficult, troublesome, 6 sacrificium, -iī n.: sacrifice, 5
doceō, -ēre, -uī, -ctum: teach, tell, 9 sōlus, -a, -um: alone, only, lone, sole, 6
etsī: even if, although, though, 13 spērō (1): hope (for), expect, 5
fīō, fierī, factus sum: become, be made, 9 suscipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: undertake, 14
ineō, -īre, -iī, -itum: go into, enter, 4 trānseō, -īre, -iī (īvī), -itum: pass (by), 10
libenter: gladly, willingly, 12 undique: from everywhere, from all sides, 7
moneō, -ēre, -uī, monitum: warn vellus, velleris n.: fleece, 12
negōtium, iī n.: task, business, occupation, 13

1 nūllum…perīculum: that…; ind. disc.; ūnō…nūdō: abl. absolute, add ‘being,’

main verb pf. so translate inf. as impf. since there is no pple for sum, the subject
ut…cavēret: that he beware of; ind. and pred. form the absolute without a pple
command, impf. subj. in secondary seq. 12 quem cum: whom when…; the pronoun is
sī quis: if anyone…; quis is indefinite part of the cum-clause but often precedes
before sī, nisi, num, and nē the conjunction ‘cum’ in transitions
2 Post paucīs annīs: a few years later; 13 hunc esse: that…; acc. subject in ind. disc.
‘later by a few years,’ abl. of degree of 14 dēmōnstrāvisset: plpf. subj. in a
difference relative clause of characteristic
3 accidit ut: it happened that; as often, 15 illō tempore: at…; abl. of time when
accidit introduces a noun result clause Huic: dat. ind. obj. of comissum erat
factūrus esset: was going to make; fut. 16 commissum erat: had been entrusted
periphrastic (fut. pple + sum), impf. subj. 17 nēgōtium ut: task, (namely) that…
4 partēs: directions 18 potīrētur: that he possess; ind. command,
dīxerat: had appointed impf. subj. deponent potior governs an abl.
conveniendī: of convening; gen. gerund magnī perīculī: of…; gen. description
Diē cōnstitūtā: on…; abl. of time when 19 perītūrum esse: fut. inf. in ind. disc.
5 hominum: partitive genitive 20 cohortātum: having urged; deponent PPP
8 trānseundō: in crossing some river; Use a quid fierī vellet: what he wanted to be
gerund-gerundive flip: translate as a gerund done; ind. question, impf. subj. volō
(-ing) with flūmine as direct obj. 21 difficillimam: superlative, acc. pred.
nesciō quō: some; ‘I-do-not-know-what’ 24 iter: a journey of many days; acc. extent
11 cum…posset: when…; impf. subj. possum 26 dīcerent: who would appoint; relative
nūllō modō: in no way; abl. manner clause of purpose, see line 4
62 Argonauts

Intereā, postquam omnia quae sunt ūsuī ad armandās nāvēs 1

comportārī iussit, negōtium dedit Argō cuidam, quī summam
scientiam nauticārum rērum habēbat, ut nāvem aedificāret. In hīs
rēbus circiter decem diēs cōnsūmptī sunt; Argus enim, quī operī
praeerat, tantam dīligentiam adhibēbat ut nē nocturnum quidem 5
tempus ad labōrem intermitteret. Ad multitūdinem hominum
trānsportandam nāvis paulō erat lātior quam quibus in nostrō marī
ūtī cōnsuēvimus, et ad vim tempestātum perferendam tōta ē rōbore
facta est.
10
61. THE ANCHOR IS WEIGHED
Intereā is diēs appetēbat quem Iāsōn per nūntiōs ēdīxerat, et ex
omnibus regiōnibus Graeciae multī, quōs aut reī novitās aut spēs
glōriae movēbat, undique conveniēbant. Trāditum est autem in hōc
numerō fuisse Herculem, de quō suprā multa perscrīpsimus, 15
Orpheum, citharoedum praeclārissimum, Thēseum, Castorem,
multōsque aliōs quōrum nōmina sunt nōtissima. Ex hīs Iāsōn quōs
arbitrātus est ad omnia perīcula subeunda parātissimōs esse, eōs ad
numerum quīnquāgintā dēlēgit et sociōs sibi adiūnxit; tum paucōs
diēs commorātus, ut ad omnēs cāsūs subsidia comparāret, nāvem 20
dēdūxit, et tempestātem ad nāvigandum idōneam nactus magnō
cum plausū omnium solvit.

62. A FATAL MISTAKE

Haud multō post Argonautae (ita enim appellābantur quī in istā 25
nāvī vehēbantur) īnsulam quandam, nōmine Cyzicum, attigērunt; et
ē nāvī ēgressī ā rēge illīus regiōnis hospitiō exceptī sunt. Paucās
 Argonauts 63

adhibeō, -ēre, -uī, -itum: apply, hold to, 4 lātus, -a, -um: wide, broad
adiungō, -ere, -iūnxī, -iūnctum: join to, 2 moveō, -ēre, mōvī, mōtum: move, arouse, 3
aedificō (1): make a building, build, 2 multitūdō, -tūdinis f.: multitude, 2
alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 9 nancīscor, -ī, nactus sum: attain, meet, 7
appellō (1): call (by name), name, 12 nauticus, -a, -um: naval, nautical
appetō, -ere, -īvī, -petītum: draw near, 3 nāvigō (1): sail, 5
arbitror, -ārī, -ātus sum: judge, think, 11 negōtium, iī n.: task, business, occupation, 13
Argō, -ūs f.: Argo, 2 nocturnus, -a, -um: nocturnal, 2
Argus, -ī m.: Argus, builder of the Argo nōmen, nōminis, n.: name, 12
armō (1): arm, equip, 4 noster, nostra, nostrum: our
attingō, -ere, -tigī, -tāctum: touch at, reach, 3 nōtus, -a, -um: known, familiar, 3
aut: or (aut...aut – either…or), 2 novitās, -tātis f.: newness, novelty, 3
Castor, -oris m.: Castor numerus, -ī m.: number, multitude, 7
cāsus, -ūs m.: misfortune, accident, event, 8 nūntius, -iī m.: messenger, 12
circiter: about, around opus, -eris n.: work, deed, toil, 9
citharoedus, -ī m.: cithara-player Orpheus, -ī m.: Orpheus
commoror, -ārī, -ātus sum: delay, linger, 3 perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātum: bear, betake, 2
comparō (1): prepare, collect, 4 perscrībō, -ere, -psī, -scriptum: write fully, 3
comportō (1): carry together, collect plausus, -ūs m.: applause
cōnsuēscō, -ere, -ēvī, -suētum: accustom, 3 praeclārus, -a, -um: bright, very famous, 2
cōnsūmō, -ere, -mpsī, -mptum: take, spend 9 praesum, -esse, -fuī: be before, preside over 2
cōnveniō, -īre, vēnī, ventum: come together 8 que: and, 14
Cyzicus, -ī f.: Cyzicus quidem: indeed, in fact, assuredly, certainly, 8
decem: ten, 4 quīnquāgintā: fifty
dēligō, -ere, -lēgī, -lectum: choose, select, 6 rōbor, rōbōris n.: oak; strength
dīligentia, -ae f.: diligence, attentiveness, 5 scientia, -ae f.: knowledge, wisdom, 6
dūcō, -ere, dūxī, ductum: lead, draw, bring, 5 subeō, -īre, -iī: undergo, go up (to), 5
ēdīcō, -ere, -xī, -dictum: declare, proclaim, 4 subsidium, -iī n.: support, relief, protection
excipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptum: take out, receive 9 suprā: above, before, 6
glōria, -ae f.: glory Thēseus, -ī m.: Theseus
Graecia, -ae f.: Greece, 7 tōtus -a, -um: whole, entire, 14
haud: by no means, not at all, 4 trānsportō (1): carry over or across, 2
hospitium, ī n.: hospitality, 5 undique: from everywhere, from all sides, 7
idōneus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 ūsus, ūsūs m.: use, employment, 3
intereā: meanwhile, 7 ūtor, ūtī, ūsus sum:use, employ, enjoy 2
intermittō, -ere: interrupt, break off, 5 vehō, -ere, vexī, vectum: convey, carry, 5
iste, ista, istud: that or those (of yours), 7

1 sunt ūsuī: are of use; ‘for a use’ dat. sg. of quam: than; follows a comparative adj.
purpose, 4th decl. noun ūsus quibum: (those) which; abl. obj. of ūtī
ad…nāvēs: for arming…; ‘for ships to be 8 ūtī: deponent inf. ūtor, governs an abl. obj.
armed’ use a gerundive-gerund flip and ad…perferendam: ad + gerundive; ll. 1, 6
translate as gerund + acc. direct object vim: irreg. feminine acc. sg. of vīs
ut…aedificāret: that…; purpose 14 Trāditum est: it was reported that…
5 praeerat: was (in charge) over + dat. 18 ad…subeunda: for undergoing…; subeō
nē nocturnum quidem: not even night…; 21 ad nāvigandum: for sailing; a gerund
nē, quidem emphasize an intervening word nactum: having attained; dep., nancīscor
ut…intermitterent: that; result clause 22 solvit: set sail
6 ad labōrem: for; ‘ad’ expresses purpose 25 multō: much; abl. of degree of difference
ad…: for transporting…; ad + gerundive 27 ēgressī: having stepped out; PPP, ēgredior
7 paulō: a little; abl. of degree of difference exceptī sunt: were welcomed
64 Argonauts

hōrās ibi commorātī ad sōlis occāsum rūrsus solvērunt; sed 1

postquam pauca mīlia passuum prōgressī sunt, tanta tempestās
subitō coörta est ut cursum tenēre nōn possent, et in eandem
partem īnsulae unde nūper profectī erant magnō cum perīculō
dēicerentur. Incolae tamen, cum nox esset obscūra, Argonautās nōn 5
agnōscēbant, et nāvem inimīcam vēnisse arbitrātī arma rapuērunt et
eōs ēgredī prohibēbant. Ācriter in lītore pugnātum est, et rēx ipse,
quī cum aliīs dēcucurrerat, ab Argonautīs occīsus est. Mox tamen,
cum iam dīlūcēsceret, sēnsērunt incolae sē errāre et arma
abiēcērunt; Argonautae autem cum rēgem occīsum esse vīdērent, 10
magnum dolōrem percēpērunt.

63. THE LOSS OF HYLAS

Postrīdiē eius diēī Iāsōn tempestātem satis idōneam esse arbitrātus
(summa enim tranquillitās iam cōnsecūta erat), ancorās sustulit, et 15
pauca mīlia passuum prōgressus ante noctem Mysiam attigit. Ibi
paucās hōrās in ancorīs exspectāvit; ā nautīs enim cognōverat
aquae cōpiam quam sēcum habērent iam dēficere, quam ob causam
quīdam ex Argonautīs in terram ēgressī aquam quaerēbant. Hōrum
in numerō erat Hylās quīdam, puer fōrmā praestantissimā. Quī dum 20
fontem quaerit, ā comitibus paulum sēcesserat. Nymphae autem
quae fontem colēbant, cum iuvenem vīdissent, eī persuādēre
cōnātae sunt ut sēcum manēret; et cum ille negāret sē hoc factūrum
esse, puerum vī abstulērunt.
 Argonauts 65

abiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -itūrum: throw away iuvenis, -is m.: youth, young man, 4
ācriter: sharply, fiercely, 2 maneō, -ēre, mānsī, mansūrum: stay, wait, 9
agnōscō, -ere, -nōvī, -nōtum: recognize, 4 mīlle (pl. mīlia): thousand, 7
alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 9 Mȳsia, -ae f.: Mysia
ancora, ancorae f.: anchor, 7 nauta, -ae f.: sailor, 3
ante: before, in front of (acc.); adv. before, 5 negō (1): deny, say that…not, 3
aqua, -ae f.: water, 11 nox, noctis, f.: night, 7
arbitror, -ārī, -ātus sum: judge, think, 11 numerus, -ī m.: number, multitude, 7
arma, -ōrum n.: arms, equipment, tools, 6 nūper: recently, lately, not long ago, 2
attingō, -ere, -tigī, -tāctum: touch at, reach, 3 nympha, -ae f.: nymph, 2
auferō, -ferre, abstulī, -lātum: carry away 11 ob: on account of (acc.), 13
colō, -ere, coluī, cultum: cultivate, cherish, 3 obscūrus, -a, -um: dark
comes, -itis m./f.: companion, 3 occāsus, -ūs m.: fall, destruction, 4
commoror, -ārī, -ātus sum: delay, linger, 3 occīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsum: kill, cut down, 14
cōnor, cōnārī, cōnātus sum: try, attempt, 7 passus, -ūs: pace, 7
cōnsequor, -ī, secūtum: follow; pursue, 3 percipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: feel perceive 5
coörior, coörīrī, coörtus sum: arise, 4 persuādeō, -ēre, -suāsī, -suāsum: persuade, 9
cōpia, -ae f.: abundance, supply; troops, 10 postrīdiē: the day after, the next day, 4
currō, -ere, cucurrī, cursum: run, rush, fly, 4 praestō, -stāre, -stitī: stand in front, show, 6
dēcurrō, -ere, -cucurrī: run down prohibeō, -ēre, -hibuī: hold back, hinder, 2
dēficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum: fail, 3 pugnō (1): fight, 4
dēiciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectum: throw/cast down 2 rapiō, -ere, rapuī, raptum: seize, snatch, 5
dīlūcēscō, -ere, -lūxī: grow light rūrsus: again, backward, back, 7
errō (1): wander, 3 satis: enough, sufficient, 6
fōns, fontis m.: origin, fount, source, 3 sēcēdō, -ere, sēcessī, sēcessum: withdraw
fōrma, -ae, f.: beauty, shape, form, 3 sōl, sōlis m.: sun, 10
hōra, -ae f.: hour, 5 teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentum: hold, keep 13
Hylās, -ae m.: Hylas, 2 tollō, -ere, sustulī, sublātum: raise, lift up 10
idōneus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 tranquillitās, -tātis f.: calm, tranquility, 2
incola, -ae m.: inhabitant, 7 unde: whence, from which source, 6
inimīcus, -a, -um: unfriendly, hostile, 2

1 hōrās: for…; acc. duration of time 14 postrīdiē eius diēī: the day after that
commorātī: having…; PPP deponent day; abl. time when; gen.
solvērunt: they set sail; ‘set loose’ tempestātem…esse: ind. disc.
2 mīlia passuum: for…miles; acc. extent arbitrātum: having thought; dep. PPP
progressī sunt: pf. deponent progredior, 15 sustulit: pf. suf-ferō
translate in the active 16 mīlia passuum: see note line 2
3 coörta est: pf. deponent coörior progressum: dep. PPP progredior
ut…: that…; result, impf. possum 17 paucās hōrās: for…; acc. duration
5 cum…esset: since…; causal, impf. subj. 18 cōpiam…dēficere: that…; ind. disc.
6 nāvem…vēnisse: that…; ind. disc. habērent: subordinate verbs often are
with pf. inf. veniō, nāvem is acc. subj. made subjunctive in ind. discourse
arbitrātī: having…; dep. PPP quam ob causam: for which reason
7 ēgredī: from stepping out; dep. inf. ēgredior 19 Hōrum: of these; partitive gen.
pugnātum est: they fought; “it was 20 fōrmā: of…beauty; abl. of quality
fought,” impersonal pass., translate active Quī dum: while he…; ‘who while…’
9 incolae: nom. subject of sēnsērunt 22 eī: him; dat. sg. (is, ea, id) of persuadeō
sē errāre: that…; reflexive, ind. disc. 23 ut..manēret: remain; ind command
10 occīsum esse: pf. pass. inf. occīdō in sē…factūrum esse: that…; fut. inf.
ind. discourse; acc. subject is rēgem 24 abstulērunt: pf. au-ferō (ā/ab + ferō)
66 Argonauts

64. DIFFICULT DINING 1

Post haec Argonautae ad Thrāciam cursum tenuērunt, et postquam
ad oppidum Salmydessum nāvem appulērunt, in terram ēgressī
sunt. Ibi cum ab incolīs quaesissent quis rēgnum eius regiōnis
obtinēret, certiōrēs factī sunt Phīneum quendam tum rēgem esse. 5
Cognōvērunt etiam hunc caecum esse et dīrō quōdam suppliciō
afficī, quod ōlim sē crūdēlissimum in fīliōs suōs praebuisset. Cuius
supplicī hoc erat genus: missa erant ā Iove mōnstra quaedam speciē
horribilī, quae capita virginum, corpora volucrum habēbant. Hae
volucrēs, quae Harpyiae appellābantur, Phīneō summam molestiam 10
adferēbant; quotiēns enim ille accubuerat, veniēbant et cibum
appositum statim auferēbant. Quō factum est ut haud multum
abesset quīn Phīneus fame morerētur.

65. THE DELIVERANCE OF PHINEUS 15

Rēs igitur male sē habēbat cum Argonautae nāvem appulērunt.
Phīneus autem simul atque audīvit eōs in suōs fīnēs ēgressōs esse,
magnopere gāvīsus est. Sciēbat enim quantam opīniōnem virtūtis
Argonautae habērent, nec dubitābat quīn sibi auxilium ferrent.
Nūntium igitur ad nāvem mīsit, quī Iāsonem sociōsque ad rēgiam 20
vocāret. Eō cum vēnissent, Phīneus dēmōnstrāvit quantō in
perīculō suae rēs essent, et prōmīsit sē magna praemia datūrum
esse, sī illī remedium repperissent. Argonautae negōtium libenter
suscēpērunt, et ubi hōra vēnit, cum rēge accubuērunt; at simul ac
 Argonauts 67

absum, -esse, āfuī: be away, be absent, 7 molestia, -ae f.: trouble, annoyance
ac: and, and also, 14 morior, morī, mortuus sum: die, 4
accumbō, -ere, accubuī,: lie (at dinner), 4 nec: and not, nor, 10
afferō, -ferre, attulī, allātum: carry to bring 5 negōtium, iī n.: task, business, occupation, 13
afficiō, -ere, -fēcī, fectum: influence, treat, 13 nūntius, -iī m.: messenger, 12
appellō (1): call (by name), name, 12 obtineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold, maintain, 9
appellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsum: drive (to), 14 ōlim: once, formerly, 10
appōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum: set before, 3 opīniō, -iōnis f.: opinion, reputation, 6
auferō, -ferre, abstulī, -lātum: carry away 11 oppidum, -ī n.: town, 4
caecus, -a, -um: blind, 2 Phīneus, -ī m.: Phineus, 7
certus, -a, -um: fixed, sure, 11 praebeō, -ēre, -uī, -itum: present, give, 7
cibus, -ī m.: food, 5 praemium, -iī n.: reward, 5
crūdēlis, -e: cruel, bitter, bloody, 6 prōmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: send forth, 3
cursus, -ūs m.: course, running, haste, 10 quantus, -a, -um: how much, how great, 4
dēmōnstrō (1): show, demonstrate, 13 quīn: nay (even), (but) that, 12
dīrus, -a, -um: dreadful quotiēns: as often as, 2
dubitō (1): hestitate, doubt, 5 rēgia, -ae f.: palace, 4
famēs, -is f.: hunger, 3 remedium, iī n.: remedy, cure
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum: carry, endure, 10 reperiō, -īre, repperī, repertum: find, 9
fīlius, -iī m.: son, 10 Salmydessus, -ī m.: Salmydessus
fīnis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 sciō, -īre, -īvī (iī), -ītum: know, understand, 9
gaudeō, -ēre, gāvīsus sum: enjoy, rejoice, 4 simul: at the same time; at once, together, 10
genus, -eris n.: birth, race; kind, family, 2 supplicium, -iī n.; punishment, supplication, 5
Harpȳiae, -ārum f.: Harpies, 3 suscipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: undertake, 14
haud: by no means, not at all, 4 teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentum: hold, keep 13
hōra, -ae f.: hour, 5 Thrācia, -ae f.: Thrace, 3
horribilis, -e: horrible, dreadful, 11 virgō, virginis f.: maiden, 2
incola, -ae m.: inhabitant, 7 virtūs, -ūtis f.: valor, manhood, excellence, 10
Iuppiter, Iovis m.: Jupiter, 8 vocō (1): call, summon, invoke, 2
libenter: gladly, willingly, 12 volucris, -is f.: bird, 3
male: badly

2 Post haec: after these (things); neuter acc. 12 appositum: having been served;
3 ab incolīs: from…; abl. of source ‘having been set before,’ PPP appōnō
4 quis…obtinēret: who…; ind. question Quō factum…morerētur: (because of)
5 certiōrēs factī sunt: were made more which it happened that it was by no means
certain; ‘were informed’ a common phrase very far away that Phineus would die from
in Caesar, often followed by ind. discourse famine; abl. of cause, noun result clause
6 hunc caecum esse…afficī: that this one…; 16 male sē habēbat: was faring poorly;
ind. discourse with 2 verbs: pres. pass. inf. idiom ‘held itself poorly’
7 quod: because… 17 simul atque: as soon as; ‘same time as’
in…: against ēgressōs esse: pf. dep., eōs is acc. subj
praebuisset: had shown; governs a double 18 gāvīsus est: pf. of semi-deponent gaudeō
acc.; relative clause of characteristic, quantam opīniōnem: how great a
praebeō (prae-habeō) reputation…; introduces ind. question
cuius supplicī: gen. modifies genus 19 nec dubitābat quīn: he did not doubt
8 speciē horribilī: of…; abl. quality; the adj. that; quīn often follows “nōn dubitō”
is 3rd decl. i-stem (horribile à horribilī) 20 quī…: call…; relative clause of purpose
9 (et) corpora: and bodies; ellipsis, add ‘et’ 21 Eō: there; frequenctly an adverb, ‘to there’
10 Phineō: to…; dat. of compound verb 22 sē…datūrum esse: that he…; fut. inf.
11 quotiēns enim: for…; enim is postpositive 24 simul ac: as soon as; ‘same time as’ l. 17
68 Argonauts

cēna apposita est, Harpyiae cēnāculum intrāvērunt et cibum auferre 1

cōnābantur. Argonautae prīmum gladiīs volucrēs petiērunt; cum
tamen vidērent hoc nihil prōdesse, Zētēs et Calais, quī ālīs erant
īnstrūctī, in āëra sē sublevāvērunt, ut dēsuper impetum facerent.
Quod cum sēnsissent Harpyiae, reī novitāte perterritae statim 5
aufūgērunt, neque posteā umquam rediērunt.

66. THE SYMPLEGADES

Hōc factō Phīneus, ut prō tantō beneficiō meritam grātiam referret,
Iāsonī dēmōnstrāvit quā ratiōne Symplēgadēs vītāre posset. 10
Symplēgadēs autem duae erant rūpēs ingentī magnitūdine, quae ā
Iove positae erant eō cōnsiliō, nē quis ad Colchida pervenīret. Hae
parvō intervallō in marī natābant, et sī quid in medium spatium
vēnerat, incredibilī celeritāte concurrēbant. Postquam igitur ā
Phīneō doctus est quid faciendum esset, Iāsōn sublātīs ancorīs 15
nāvem solvit, et lēnī ventō prōvectus mox ad Symplēgadēs
appropinquāvit. Tum in prōrā stāns columbam quam in manū
tenēbat ēmīsit. Illa rēctā viā per medium spatium volāvit, et
priusquam rūpēs cōnflīxērunt, incolumis ēvāsit caudā tantum
āmissā. Tum rūpēs utrimque discessērunt; antequam tamen rūrsus 20
concurrerent, Argonautae, bene intellegentēs, omnem spem salūtis
in celeritāte positam esse, summā vī rēmīs contendērunt et nāvem
incolumem perdūxērunt. Hōc factō dīs grātiās maximās ēgērunt,
quōrum auxiliō ē tantō perīculō ēreptī essent; omnēs enim sciēbant
nōn sine auxiliō deōrum rem tam fēlīciter ēvēnisse. 25
 Argonauts 69

āēr, āeris m. (acc. āera): air, 6 Iuppiter, Iovis m.: Jupiter, 8

āla, -ae f.: wing, 2 lēnis, lēne: gentle
āmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: lose, let go, 8 magnitūdō, -tūdinis f.: size, greatness, 13
ancora, ancorae f.: anchor, 7 maximus, -a, -um: greatest, 9
antequam: before, 9 medius, -a, -um: middle of, 10
appōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum: set before, 3 meritus, -a, -um: deserved, due, just, 4
appropinquō (1): come near, approach, 8 natō (1): swim, float
auferō, -ferre, abstulī, -lātum: carry away 11 nihil: nothing, 14
aufugiō, -ere, -fūgī: flee, run away novitās, -tātis f.: newness, novelty, 3
bene: well, 5 parvus, -a, -um: small, 3
beneficium, -iī n.: benefit, favor; kindness, 8 perdūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ctum: lead through, 4
Calais, is m.: Calais perterreō, -ēre: frighten, terrify, 5
cauda, -ae f.: tail, 2 Phīneus, -ī m.: Phineus, 7
celeritās, -tātis f.: speed, quickness, 7 pōnō, -ere, posuī, positum: place, put, 5
cēna, -ae f.: dinner, 5 posteā: after this, afterwards, 7
cēnāculum, -ī n.: dining-room priusquam: before than, sooner than, 2
cibus, -ī m.: food, 5 prō: before, in front of, for, 9
Colchis, -idis f.: Colchis, 4 prōra, -ae f.: prow, bow
columba, -ae f.: pigeon, dove prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuī: profit, benefit, 6
concurrō, -ere, -currī: run together 4 prōvehō, -ere, -vexī, -vectum: carry forth, 3
cōnflīgō, -ere, -flīxī, -flīctum: dash together ratiō, -ōnis f.: plan, method, means, reason, 2
cōnor, cōnārī, cōnātus sum: try, attempt, 7 rēctus, -a, -um: direct, straight, 2
contendō, -ere, -ī, -tum: hasten; fight, 11 rēmus, -ī m.: oar, 4
dēmōnstrō (1): show, demonstrate, 13 rūpēs, rūpis f.: rock, cliff, 6
dēsuper: from above, 2 rūrsus: again, backward, back, 7
discēdō, -ere, -cessī, -sum: go away, depart, 4 sciō, -īre, -īvī (iī), -ītum: know, understand, 9
doceō, -ēre, -uī, -ctum: teach, tell, 9 spatium, -iī n.: space, span, extent, 6
duo, duae, duo: two, 10 stō, -āre, stetī, stātum: stand, 8
ēmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: send out, 2 sublevō (1): life up, raise
ēripiō, -ere, -uī, -reptum: tear from, rescue, 2 Symplēgadēs, -um f.: Symplegades, 3
ēvādō, -ere, ēvāsī, ēvāsum: go out, escape, 9 tam: so, so much, so very, such, 8
ēveniō, -īre: turn out, happen, 8 teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentum: hold, keep 13
fēlīciter: happily, fortunately, 3 tollō, -ere, sustulī, sublātum: raise, lift up 10
gladius, -ī m.: sword, 10 umquam: ever, 5
grātia, -ae f.: graditude, favor, thanks, 10 utrimque: on both sides, from both sides
Harpȳiae, -ārum f.: Harpies, 3 ventus, -ī m.: wind, 10
impetus, -ūs m.: attack, onset, assault, 9 via, -ae, f.: way, road, 4
incolumis, -e: inscathed, uninjured, safe, 7 vītō (1): avoid, 2
incrēdibilis, -e: incredible, 2 volō (1): fly, 3
īnstruō, -ere, -ūxī, -ūctum: equip, draw up, 6 volucris, -is f.: bird, 3
intervallum, -ī n.: interval, distance, 2 Zētēs, -ae m.: Zetes
intrō (1): go into, enter, 7

3 hoc...prōdesse: that this was not beneficial 11 ingentī magnitūdine: of…; abl. quality
erant īnstrūctī: had been equipped 12 eō cōnsiliō, nē: with this purpose, so that
4 ut…: so that…; purpose 13 intervallō: at a small interval; manner
5 reī novitāte: by the novelty of the situation 15 faciendum esset: had to be done; passive
6 rediērunt: pf. red-eō periphrastic (gerundive + sum)
9 Hōc factō: ablative abs., common transition sublātīs ancorīs: abl. abs., PPP of tollō
8 speciē horribilī: of…; abl. quality 19 caudā: with only the tail lost; abl. abs.
10 quā ratiōne: by what means; ind. question 23 ēgērunt: gave thanks; idiom, grātiās agō
70 Argonauts

67. A HEAVY TASK 1

Brevī intermissō spatiō Argonautae ad flūmen Phāsim vēnērunt,
quod in fīnibus Colchōrum erat. Ibi cum nāvem appulissent et in
terram ēgressī essent, statim ad rēgem Aeëtem sē contulērunt et ab
eō postulāvērunt ut vellus aureum sibi trāderētur. Ille cum 5
audīvisset quam ob causam Argonautae vēnissent, īrā commōtus
est et diū negābat sē vellus trāditūrum esse. Tandem tamen, quod
sciēbat Iāsonem nōn sine auxiliō deōrum hoc negōtium suscēpisse,
mutātā sententiā prōmīsit sē vellus trāditūrum, sī Iāsōn labōrēs
duōs difficillimōs prius perfēcisset; et cum Iāsōn dīxisset sē ad 10
omnia perīcula subeunda parātum esse, quid fierī vellet ostendit.
Prīmum iungendī erant duo taurī speciē horribilī, quī flammās ex
ōre ēdēbant; tum hīs iūnctīs ager quīdam arandus erat et dentēs
dracōnis serendī. Hīs audītīs Iāsōn etsī rem esse summī perīculī
intellegēbat, tamen, nē hanc occāsiōnem reī bene gerendae 15
āmitteret, negōtium suscēpit.

68. THE MAGIC OINTMENT

Mēdēa, rēgis fīlia, Iāsonem adamāvit, et ubi audīvit eum tantum
perīculum subitūrum esse, rem aegrē ferēbat. Intellegēbat enim 20
patrem suum hunc labōrem prōposuisse eō ipsō consiliō, ut Iāsōn
morerētur. Quae cum ita essent, Mēdēa, quae summam scientiam
medicīnae habēbat, hoc cōnsilium iniit. Mediā nocte, īnsciente
patre, ex urbe ēvāsit, et postquam in montēs fīnitimōs vēnit, herbās
 Argonauts 71

adamō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum: fall in love, love iungō, -ere, iūnxī, -iūnctum: join, 3
Aeētēs: Aeetes, king of Cochis, 10 medicīna, -ae f.: medicine, art of healing, 4
aegrē: with difficulty, wearily, 4 medius, -a, -um: middle of, 10
ager, -grī m.: land, field, territory, 11 mōns, montis m.: mountain, mount, 5
āmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: lose, let go, 8 morior, morī, mortuus sum: die, 4
appellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsum: drive (to), 14 mūtō (1): change
arō, arāre, -āvī: plow, 4 negō (1): deny, say that…not, 3
aureus, -a, -um: golden, 13 negōtium, iī n.: task, business, occupation, 13
bene: well, 5 nox, noctis, f.: night, 7
Colchī, -ōrum m.: Colchians, 3 ob: on account of (acc.), 13
dēns, dentis m.: tooth, 5 occāsiō, -iōnis f.: chance, opportunity, 6
difficilis, -e: hard, difficult, troublesome, 6 ōs, ōris n.: face, mouth 3
diū: a long time, long, 13 ostendō (1): show, display, 6
dracō, -ōnis m.: dragon, serpent, 7 pater, patris, m.: father, 12
duo, duae, duo: two, 10 perficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum: accomplish, 3
ēdō, -ere, ēdidī, ēditum: give out, emit, 3 Phāsis, Phāsidis m.: Phasis
etsī: even if, although, though, 13 postulō (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11
ēvādō, -ere, ēvāsī, ēvāsum: go out, escape, 9 prium: before, 3
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum: carry, endure, 10 prōmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: send forth, 3
fīnis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 prōpōnō, -ere, -suī, -situm: put or set forth, 4
fīnitimus, -a, -um: neighboring, bordering, 2 scientia, -ae f.: knowledge, wisdom, 6
fīō, fierī, factus sum: become, be made, 9 sciō, -īre, -īvī (iī), -ītum: know, understand, 9
flamma, -ae f.: flame, fire, torch, love sententia, -ae f.: thought, feeling, opinion, 2
herba, -ae f.: plant, grass, 6 serō, serere, sēvī, satum: sow, plant
horribilis, -e: horrible, dreadful, 11 spatium, -iī n.: space, span, extent, 6
ineō, -īre, -iī, -itum: go into, enter, 4 subeō, -īre, -iī: undergo, go up (to), 5
īnsciēns, īnscientis: not knowing, 2 suscipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: undertake, 14
intermittō, -ere: interrupt, break off, 5 taurus, -ī m.: bull, 7
īra, īrae f.: anger, 12 vellus, velleris n.: fleece, 12

2 Brevī…spatiō: abl. absolute (going) to be joined,’ passive periphrastic

4 ēgressī essent: plpf. subj. cum-clause (gerundive + sum) expresses obligation or
sē contulērunt: carried themselves; pf. necessity
5 ut…trāderētur: that…; ind. command speciē horribilī: of…; abl. of quality
6 quam ob causam: for what reason 13 hīs iūnctīs: ablative abs.
vēnissent: plpf. subj., ind. question arandus erat: see line 12
8 trāditūrum esse: fut. inf., sē is acc. subject serendī (erant): see line 12
9 mutātā sententiā: having changed his 14 hīs audītīs: ablative abs.
opinion; “opinion changed,” abl. abs. rem esse: that…; ind. discourse
trāditūrum (esse): sē is acc. subject summī perīculī: of…; gen. description
10 difficillimōs: superlative, difficilis 15 nē…āmitteret: neg. purpose clause
prium: comparative adverb gerendae: of carrying out…; gerundive,
perfēcisset: plpf. subj. perficiō employ a gerundive-gerund flip
ad…subeunda: for undergoing…; ad + 20 subitūrum esse: fut. inf. sub-eō
gerundive, employ gerund-gerundive flip: aegrē ferēbat: bore poorly…
translate as gerund and direct object; subeō 21 eō…consiliō, ut: with…purpose, so that…
11 parātum esse: pf. pass. inf., ind. disc. 22 morerētur: impf. of deponent morior
quid…vellet: what he wished to be quae cum: since these things were so; i.e.
done; impf. subj. volō, ind. question ‘as a result,’ common phrase in Cicero
12 Prīmum: first; adverb 23 īnsciente pātre: abl. absolute, pres. pple
iungendī erant: had to be joined; ‘were
72 Argonauts

quāsdam carpsit; tum sūcō expressō unguentum parāvit quod vī suā 1

corpus aleret nervōsque cōnfirmāret. Hōc factō Iāsonī unguentum
dedit; praecēpit autem ut eō diē quō istī lābōrēs cōnficiendī essent
corpus suum et arma māne oblineret. Iāsōn etsī paene omnibus
hominibus magnitūdine et vīribus corporis antecellēbat (vīta enim 5
omnis in vēnātiōnibus atque in studiō reī mīlitāris cōnsūmēbātur),
tamen hoc cōnsilium nōn neglegendum esse cēnsēbat.

69. THE SOWING OF THE DRAGON'S TEETH

Ubi is diēs vēnit quem rēx ad arandum agrum ēdīxerat, Iāsōn ortā 10
lūce cum sociīs ad locum cōnstitūtum sē contulit. Ibi stabulum
ingēns repperit, in quō taurī erant inclūsī; tum portīs apertīs taurōs
in lūcem trāxit, et summā cum difficultāte iugum imposuit. At
Aeëtes cum vidēret taurōs nihil contrā Iāsonem valēre, magnopere
mīrātus est; nesciēbat enim fīliam suam auxilium eī dedisse. Tum 15
Iāsōn omnibus aspicientibus agrum arāre coepit, quā in rē tantam
dīligentiam praebuit ut ante merīdiem tōtum opus cōnfēcerit. Hōc
factō ad locum ubi rēx sedēbat adiit et dentēs dracōnis postulāvit;
quō ubi accēpit, in agrum quem arāverat magnā cum dīligentiā
sparsit. Hōrum autem dentium nātūra erat tālis ut in eō locō ubi 20
sēmentēs factae essent virī armātī mīrō quōdam modō gignerentur.
 Argonauts 73

adeō, -īre, -i(v)ī: go to, approach, 4 mīlitāris, -e: military, warlike, 3

Aeētēs: Aeetes, king of Cochis, 10 mīror, -ārī, -ātus sum: be amazed at, 7
ager, -grī m.: land, field, territory, 11 mīrus, -a, -um: wonderful, amazing, 7
alō, -ere, aluī, alitum: support, feed, nourish nātūra, -ae. f.: nature, 9
ante: before, in front of (acc.); adv. before, 5 neglegō, -ere, -lēxī, neglēctum: neglect
antecellō, -ere: surpass, excel nervus, -ī m.: sinew, muscle
aperiō, -īre, -uī, -ertum: open, disclose, 3 nesciō, -īre, -scīvī, -scītum: not know, 4
arma, -ōrum n.: arms, equipment, tools, 6 nihil: nothing, 14
armō (1): arm, equip, 4 oblinō, -ere, -lēvī, -litum: daub over, smear
arō, arāre, -āvī: plow, 4 opus, -eris n.: work, deed, toil, 9
aspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectum: look at orior, orīrī, ortus sum: arise, spring up, 5
carpō, -ere, -sī, -tum: pluck, seize paene: almost, nearly, 8
cēnseō, -ēre: think, 2 porta, -ae f.: gate, 7
cōnfirmō (1): make strong, strengthen, 5 postulō (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11
cōnsūmō, -ere, -mpsī, -mptum: take, spend 9 praebeō, -ēre, -uī, -itum: present, give, 7
contrā: against (+ acc.), 7 praecipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: order, take, 6
dēns, dentis m.: tooth, 5 que: and, 14
difficultās, -tātis f.: difficulty, 7 reperiō, -īre, repperī, repertum: find, 9
dīligentia, -ae f.: diligence, attentiveness, 5 sedeō, -ēre, sēdī, sessum: sit, 6
dracō, -ōnis m.: dragon, serpent, 7 sēmentis, -is f.: seeding, sowing
ēdīcō, -ere, -xī, -dictum: declare, proclaim, 4 spargō, -ere, sparsī, sparsum: sprinkle, 3
etsī: even if, although, though, 13 stabulum, -ī n.: stable, inclosure, 5
exprimō, -ere, -pressī, -pressum: press out studium, -ī n.: zeal, desire, pursuit
gignō, -ere, genuī, genitum: bear, produce, 3 sūcus, -ī m.: juice, sap, moisture
impōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum: place on, 7 tālis, -e: such, 6
inclūdō, -ere, -ūsī, -ūsum: close in, shut in, 7 taurus, -ī m.: bull, 7
iste, ista, istud: that or those (of yours), 7 trahō, -ere, trāxī, tractum: draw, drag, 6
iugum, -ī n.: yoke unguentum, -ī m.: ointment, 3
lūx, lūcis f.: light, 6 valeō, -ēre, -uī: be strong, fare well, be able, 5
magnitūdō, -tūdinis f.: size, greatness, 13 vēnātiō, -tiōnis f.: hunting
māne: in the morning vīta, -ae, f.: life, 9
merīdiēs, -ēī m.: midday, noon; south, 2

1 sūcō expressō: abl. absolute acc. subject, all governed by cēnsēbat

quod…aleret…cōnfirmāret: which…; 10 ad arandum agrum: for…; employ a
impf. subj., relative clause of characteristic gerundive-gerund flip and translate this
vī suā: by its own power; abl. means gerundive (adj.) as a gerund (noun)
2 Hōc factō: abl. absolute ēdīxerat: had appointed
3 praecēpit: governs an ind. command ortā lūce: abl. abs.; deponent PPP
quō (diē)…: on which; the second of two 12 portīs apertīs: abl. absolute; aperiō
abl. of time when constructions 14 nihil: not at all; adverbial acc. serves as a
cōnficiendī essent: had to be…; ‘were strong negative
(going) to be completed’ a passive 15 fīliam…dedisse: that…had given; eī is
periphrastic (gerundive + sum) suggests dat. sg. (is, ea, id) ind. obj
obligation or necessity; here impf. subj. 16 omnibus aspicientibum: abl. abs.
4 hominibum: dat. of compound verb quā in rē: in quā rē; relative adj.
5 magnitūdine et vīribum: in…; abl of 17 ut…cōnfēcerit: that…; result, pf subj.
respect Hōc factō: abl. abs.
6 reī mīlitāris: of military affairs 20 Hōrum dentium: nature of these teeth
7 neglegendum esse: see line 3: passive tālis ut: such that…; result, impf subj.
periphrastic in ind. disc.; cōnsilium is 21 mīrō modō: in a certain amazing way
74 Argonauts

70. A STRANGE CROP 1

Nōndum tamen Iāson tōtum opus cōnfēcerat; imperāverat enim eī
Aeëtes ut armātōs virōs quī ē dentibus gignerentur sōlus
interficeret. Postquam igitur omnēs dentēs in agrum sparsit, Iāson
lassitūdine exanimātus quiētī sē trādidit, dum virī istī gignerentur. 5
Paucās hōrās dormiēbat, sub vesperum tamen ē somnō subitō
excitātus rem ita ēvēnisse ut praedictum esset cognōvit; nam in
omnibus agrī partibus virī ingentī magnitūdine corporis gladiīs
galeīsque armātī mīrum in modum ē terrā oriēbantur. Hōc cognitō
Iāson cōnsilium quod dedisset Mēdēa nōn omittendum esse 10
putābat. Saxum igitur ingēns (ita enim Mēdēa praecēperat) in
mediōs virōs coniēcit. Illī undique ad locum concurrērunt, et cum
quisque sibi id saxum habēre vellet, magna contrōversia orta est.
Mox strictīs gladiīs inter sē pugnāre coepērunt, et cum hōc modō
plūrimī occīsī essent, reliquī vulneribus cōnfectī ā Iāsone nūllō 15
negōtiō interfectī sunt.

71. THE FLIGHT OF MEDEA

Rēx Aeëtēs ubi Iāsonem labōrem prōpositum cōnfēcisse cognōvit,
īrā graviter commōtus est; id enim per dolum factum esse 20
intellegēbat; nec dubitābat quīn Mēdēa eī auxilium tulisset. Mēdēa
autem cum intellegeret sē in magnō fore perīculō sī in rēgiā
manēret, fugā salūtem petere cōnstituit. Omnibus rēbus igitur ad
fugam parātīs mediā nocte, īnsciente patre, cum frātre Absyrtō
ēvāsit, et quam celerrimē ad locum ubi Argō subducta erat sē 25
 Argonauts 75

Absyrtus, -ī m.: Absyrtus, Medea’s brother, 2 nam: for, 6

Aeētēs: Aeetes, king of Cochis, 10 nec: and not, nor, 10
ager, -grī m.: land, field, territory, 11 negōtium, iī n.: task, business, occupation, 13
Argō, -ūs f.: Argo, 2 nesciō, -īre, -scīvī, -scītum: not know, 4
armō (1): arm, equip, 4 nōndum: not yet, 4
concurrō, -ere, -currī: run together 4 nox, noctis, f.: night, 7
contrōversia, -ae f.: dispute, controversy, 2 occīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsum: kill, cut down, 14
cūr: why omittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: neglect, omit, 6
dēns, dentis m.: tooth, 5 opus, -eris n.: work, deed, toil, 9
dolus, -ī m.: trick, deceit, 4 orior, orīrī, ortus sum: arise, spring up, 5
dormiō, -īre, -īvī: sleep, 8 pater, patris, m.: father, 12
dubitō (1): hestitate, doubt, 5 petō, petere, petīvī, petītum: seek, aim at, 10
ēvādō, -ere, ēvāsī, ēvāsum: go out, escape, 9 plūrimus, -a, -um: most, very many, 3
ēveniō, -īre: turn out, happen, 8 praecipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: order, take, 6
exanimō (1): kill, exhaust, 9 praedīcō, -ere, -dīxī, -dictum: predict
excitō (1): excite, rouse, incite, 8 prōpōnō, -ere, -suī, -situm: put or set forth, 4
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum: carry, endure, 10 pugnō (1): fight, 4
frāter, -tris m.: brother, 5 putō (1): think, consider, 2
fuga, -ae f.: flight, haste, exile, speed, 6 que: and, 14
galea, -ae f.: helmet, 3 quiēs, quiētis f.: rest, repose, sleep, 5
gignō, -ere, genuī, genitum: bear, produce, 3 quīn: nay (even), (but) that, 12
gladius, -ī m.: sword, 10 quisque, quidque: each one, each person, 3
hōra, -ae f.: hour, 5 rēgia, -ae f.: palace, 4
imperō (1): order, command, 12 sōlus, -a, -um: alone, only, lone, sole, 6
īnsciēns, īnscientis: not knowing, 2 somnus, -ī m.: sleep, 14
inter: between, among (+ acc.), 10 spargō, -ere, sparsī, sparsum: sprinkle, 3
īra, īrae f.: anger, 12 stringō, -ere, strīnxī, strictum: draw out, 3
iste, ista, istud: that or those (of yours), 7 sub: under, 4
lassitūdō, -inis f.: weariness, 2 subdūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductum: draw up, 2
magnitūdō, -tūdinis f.: size, greatness, 13 undique: from everywhere, from all sides, 7
maneō, -ēre, mānsī, mansūrum: stay, wait, 9 vesper, vesperī m.: evening, 4
medius, -a, -um: middle of, 10 vulnus, -eris n.: wound, blow, 6
mīrus, -a, -um: wonderful, amazing, 7

2 eī: (for) him; dat. obj. if imperāverat (going) to be omitted’ pass. periphrastic
3 ut…interficeret: ind. command in ind. disc. in secondary sequence;
5 quiētī sē trādidit: gave himself to rest; i.e. cōnsilium is acc. subject
he rested 13 id saxum: this rock; demonstrative adj.
6 paucās hōrās: for…; acc.of duration vellet: impf. subj. volō, (inf. velle)
sub: near 14 strictīs gladiīs: abl. abs.
7 ēvēnisse: had turned out; pf. inf. ēveniō hōc modō: in…; abl. manner, cum is the
ita…ut…esset: thus as it had been adverbial conjunction ‘when’
predicted; otherwise indicative, subordinate 15 plūrimī: very many (men); nom. subj.
verbs in ind. disc. become subjunctive nūllō negōtiō: with no effort; manner
8 ingentī magnitūdine: of…; abl. quality 21 nec dubitābat quīn: he did not doubt
9 mīrum in modum: in an amazing way; that; quīn often follows ‘nōn dubitō’
‘according to an amazing manner’ tulisset: plpf. subj. ferō
Hōc cognitō: abl. abs. 22 fore: would be; ~futūrum esse, fut. inf.
10 quod dedisset: which…; relative clause of 23 omnibus…parātīs: abl. abs.
characteristic, plpf. subj 24 īnsciente patre: abl. abs., pres. pple
10 ōmittendum esse: had to be…: ‘was 25 quam celerrimē: as quickly as possible
76 Argonauts

contulit. Eō cum vēnisset, ad pedēs Iāsonis sē prōiēcit, et multīs 1

cum lacrimīs eum obsecrāvit nē in tantō discrīmine mulierem
dēsereret quae eī tantum prōfuisset. Ille quod memoriā tenēbat sē
per eius auxilium ē magnō perīculō ēvāsisse, libenter eam excēpit,
et postquam causam veniendī audīvit, hortātus est nē patris īram 5
timēret. Prōmīsit autem sē quam prīmum eam in nāvī suā
āvectūrum.

72. THE SEIZURE OF THE FLEECE

Postrīdiē eius diēī Iāsōn cum sociīs suīs ortā lūce nāvem dēdūxit, et 10
tempestātem idōneam nactī ad eum locum rēmīs contendērunt, quō
in locō Mēdēa vellus cēlātum esse dēmōnstrābat. Cum eō
vēnissent, Iāsōn in terram ēgressus est, et sociīs ad mare relictīs,
quī praesidiō nāvī essent, ipse cum Mēdēā in silvās sē contulit.
Pauca mīlia passuum per silvam prōgressus, vellus quod quaerēbat 15
ex arbore suspēnsum vīdit. Id tamen auferre erat summae
difficultātis; nōn modo enim locus ipse ēgregiē et nātūrā et arte erat
munītus, sed etiam dracō quīdam speciē terribilī arborem
custōdiēbat. Tum Mēdēa, quae, ut suprā dēmōnstrāvimus,
medicīnae summam scientiam habuit, rāmum quem de arbore 20
proximā dēripuerat venēnō īnfēcit. Hōc factō ad locum
appropinquāvit, et dracōnem, quī, faucibus apertīs, eius adventum
exspectābat, venēnō sparsit; deinde, dum dracō somnō oppressus
dormit, Iāsōn vellus aureum dē arbore dēripuit et cum Mēdēā quam
celerrimē pedem rettulit. 25
 Argonauts 77

adveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum: approach mīlle (pl. mīlia): thousand, 7

aperiō, -īre, -uī, -ertum: open, disclose, 3 mulier, mulieris f.: woman, 3
appropinquō (1): come near, approach, 8 mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītum: fortify, build, 2
arbor, arboris f.: tree, 5 nancīscor, -ī, nactus sum: attain, meet, 7
ars, artis f.: skill, craft, art, 5 nātūra, -ae. f.: nature, 9
auferō, -ferre, abstulī, -lātum: carry away 11 obsecrō (1): beseech, implore, entreat, 5
āvehō, -ere, -vexī, -vectum: carry away opprimō, -ere, -pressī: overpower 5
cēlō (1): hide, conceal, 5 orior, orīrī, ortus sum: arise, spring up, 5
contendō, -ere, -ī, -tum: hasten; fight, 11 passus, -ūs: pace, 7
custōdiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītum: guard, 4 pater, patris, m.: father, 12
dēdūcō, -ere: lead or bring down, launch, 10 pēs, pedis m.: foot, 8
deinde: then, thereupon, 8 postrīdiē: the day after, the next day, 4
dēmōnstrō (1): show, demonstrate, 13 praesidium, -iī n.: protection, guard, 3
dēripiō, -ere, dēripuī, -reptum: tear away, 2 prōiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectum: throw forth, 4
dēserō, -ere, -uī, -sertum: desert, 2 prōmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: send forth, 3
difficultās, -tātis f.: difficulty, 7 prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuī: profit, benefit, 6
discrīmen, -crīminis n.: crisis, peril, 5 proximus, -a, -um: nearest, next, 5
dormiō, -īre, -īvī: sleep, 8 rāmus, -ī m.: branch
dracō, -ōnis m.: dragon, serpent, 7 relinquō, -ere, -līquī, -lictum: leave behind, 9
ēgregiē: excellently rēmus, -ī m.: oar, 4
ēvādō, -ere, ēvāsī, ēvāsum: go out, escape, 9 scientia, -ae f.: knowledge, wisdom, 6
excipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptum: take out, receive 9 silva, -ae f.: wood, forest, woodland, 7
faucēs, -ium f.: throat, 2 somnus, -ī m.: sleep, 14
hortor, -ārī, -ātus sum: encourage, urge, 4 spargō, -ere, sparsī, sparsum: sprinkle, 3
idōneus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 suprā: above, before, 6
īnficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum: stain, dye, 4 suspendō, -ere, -dī, suspēnsum: hang up
īra, īrae f.: anger, 12 teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentum: hold, keep 13
lacrima, -ae f.: tear, 10 terribilis, -e: terrible, dreadful, 5
libenter: gladly, willingly, 12 timeō, -ēre, -uī: fear, dread, 6
lūx, lūcis f.: light, 6 vellus, velleris n.: fleece, 12
medicīna, -ae f.: medicine, art of healing, 4 venēnum, -ī n.: poison, 7
memoria, -ae f.: memory, 4

1 sē contulit: carried himself; pf. conferō day; abl. time when; gen. sg.
Eō: (to) there; adverb ortā lūce: abl. abs., deponent PPP
2 nē…dēsereret: neg. ind. command 11 nactī: having attained; pple nancīscor
3 eī tantum prōfuisset: had been so good to contendērunt: hastened; ‘strove’
him; ‘had been so much profit to him,’ dat. 12 eō: there; see line 1
interest and inner acc. “so great a benefit’; 13 sociīs…relictīs: abl. abs.
plpf. subj. prōsum, relative of characteristic 14 praesidiō nāvī essent: served as guard for
memoriā tenēbat: i.e. remembered; ‘in the ship; ‘for guard for the ship,’ double
memory’ is in fact an abl. of means dat. (purpose and interest)
sē…ēvāsisse: that he…; follows tenēbat 16 id…auferre: carry it off; subject inf.
4 excēpit: welcomed; as often, ‘received’ summae difficultātis: of…; gen. of
5 veniendī: gen. sg. gerund description is a predicate
hortātus est: pf. dep. hortor 17 nōn modo…sed etiam: not only…but also
nē…timēret: negative ind. command et…et: both…and
6 sē…āvectūrum (esse): that…would erat munītum: munītus erat; plpf. pass.
carry away; fut. inf. (add esse to the pple.) 21 īnfēcit: infected a branch with poison
quam prīmum: as soon as possible 24 quam celerrimē: as quickly as possible
10 postrīdiē eius diēī: the day after that 25 pedem rettulit: i.e. “returned” referō
78 Argonauts

73. THE RETURN TO THE ARGO 1

Dum autem ea geruntur, Argonautae, quī ad mare relictī erant,
anxiō animō reditum Iāsonis exspectābant; id enim negōtium
summī esse perīculī intellegēbant. Postquam igitur ad occāsum
sōlis frūstrā exspectāvērunt, dē eius salūte dēspērāre coepērunt, nec 5
dubitābant quīn aliquī cāsus accidisset. Quae cum ita essent,
mātūrandum sibi cēnsuērunt, ut ducī auxilium ferrent; sed dum
proficīscī parant, lūmen quoddam subitō cōnspiciunt mīrum in
modum intrā silvās refulgēns, et magnopere mīrātī quae causa esset
eius reī ad locum concurrunt. Quō cum vēnissent, Iāsonī et Mēdēae 10
advenientibus occurrērunt, et vellus aureum lūminis eius causam
esse cognōvērunt. Omnī timōre sublātō magnō cum gaudiō ducem
suum excēpērunt, et dīs grātiās maximās ēgērunt quod rēs tam
fēlīciter ēvēnisset.
15
74. THE PURSUIT
Hīs rēbus gestīs omnēs sine morā nāvem rūrsus cōnscendērunt, et
sublātīs ancorīs prīmā vigiliā solvērunt; neque enim satis tūtum
esse arbitrātī sunt in eō locō manēre. At rēx Aeëtēs, quī iam ante
inimīcō in eōs fuerat animō, ubi cognōvit fīliam suam nōn modo ad 20
Argonautās sē recēpisse sed etiam ad vellus auferendum auxilium
tulisse, hōc dolōre gravius exārsit. Nāvem longam quam celerrimē
dēdūcī iussit, et mīlitibus impositīs fugientēs īnsecūtus est.
Argonautae, quī rem in discrīmine esse bene sciēbant, omnibus
 Argonauts 79

accidō, -ere, accidī: happen, fall (on)to, 8 īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtus sum: follow upon
adveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum: approach intrā: within, among (+ acc.), 4
Aeētēs: Aeetes, king of Cochis, 10 longus, -a, -um: long, 4
aliquī, -qua, -quod: some, any, definite, 3 lūmen, lūminis n.: light, 3
ancora, ancorae f.: anchor, 7 maneō, -ēre, mānsī, mansūrum: stay, wait, 9
ante: before, in front of (acc.); adv. before, 5 mātūrō (1): hasten, ripen, 7
anxius, -a, -um: anxious, 3 maximus, -a, -um: greatest, 9
arbitror, -ārī, -ātus sum: judge, think, 11 mīlēs, mīlitis m.: soldier, 2
auferō, -ferre, abstulī, -lātum: carry away 11 mīror, -ārī, -ātus sum: be amazed at, 7
aureus, -a, -um: golden, 13 mīrus, -a, -um: wonderful, amazing, 7
bene: well, 5 mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14
cāsus, -ūs m.: misfortune, accident, event, 8 nec: and not, nor, 10
cēnseō, -ēre: think, 2 negōtium, iī n.: task, business, occupation, 13
concurrō, -ere, -currī: run together 4 occāsus, -ūs m.: fall, destruction, 4
cōnscendō, -ere, -ndī, -nsum: climb aboard, 6 occurrō, -ere: run into, meet, attack, 2
cōnspiciō, -ere, -exī, -ectum: catch sight of, 3 quīn: nay (even), (but) that, 12
dēdūcō, -ere: lead or bring down, launch, 10 recipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: accept, take
dēspērō (1): despair, give up, 4 back, 8
discrīmen, -crīminis n.: crisis, peril, 5 reditus, -ūs m.: return, 5
dubitō (1): hestitate, doubt, 5 refulgeō, -ēre, -fulsī: flash back, shine
dux, ducis m/f.: leader, guide, chieftain, 5 relinquō, -ere, -līquī, -lictum: leave behind, 9
ēveniō, -īre: turn out, happen, 8 rūrsus: again, backward, back, 7
exārdēscō, -ere, -ārsī, -ārsum: catch fire, 2 satis: enough, sufficient, 6
excipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptum: take out, receive 9 sciō, -īre, -īvī (iī), -ītum: know, understand, 9
fēlīciter: happily, fortunately, 3 silva, -ae f.: wood, forest, woodland, 7
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum: carry, endure, 10 sōl, sōlis m.: sun, 10
frūstrā: in vain, for nothing, 13 tam: so, so much, so very, such, 8
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, --: flee, hurry away, 9 tollō, -ere, sustulī, sublātum: raise, lift up 10
gaudium, -iī n.: gladness, joy, 9 tūtus, -a, -um: safe, secure, 3
grātia, -ae f.: graditude, favor, thanks, 10 vellus, velleris n.: fleece, 12
impōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum: place on, 7 vigilia, -ae f.: watch, night-watch
inimīcus, -a, -um: unfriendly, hostile, 2

2 ea: these (things); neuter pl. demonstrative quae…esset: ind. question, impf. subj. sum
ad: near, at 10 Quō: where; ‘to which place’
3 anxiō animō: with anxious heart; manner Iāsonī, Mēdēae: dat. of compound verb
id negōtium: this task; acc. subj. advenientibum: dat. pl. pres. pple
4 summī perīculī: of…; gen. description 12 omnī…sublātō: abl. abs., PPP tollō
5 nec dubitābat quīn: he did not doubt ‘remove,’ in other instances ‘lifted up’
that; quīn often follows “nōn dubitō” 13 excēpērunt: welcomed
6 aliquī: some; nom. sg. adj. modifies cāsus grātiās ēgērunt: gave thanks; idiom, agō
quae cum...: Since these things were quod…ēvēnisset: because it had turned
so; i.e. ‘as a result,’ common in Cicero out; plpf. subj. of alleged cause
7 mātūrandum (esse) sibi: that he had to 17 Hīs…gestīs: abl. abs., PPP gerō
hurry; ‘(it is) (going) to be hurried by him’ 18 sublātīs ancorīs: abl. abs., tollō ‘lifted up’
passive periphrastic (gerundive + sum) with 19 manēre: subject of esse, tūtum is the pred.
dat. of agent: translate in active 20 inimīcō animō: of…; abl. quality
ducī: the leader; dat. ind. obj. dux 21 sē recēpisse: had retreated; idiom
8 mīrum in modum: in an amazing way ad auferendum: for carrying off…
9 refulgēns: pres. pple, modifies neut. lūmen 22 gravium: more strongly; comp. adv.
mīrātī: having wondered; dep. PPP 23 mīlitibus impositīs: abl. abs.
80 Argonauts

vīribus rēmīs contendēbant; cum tamen nāvis quā vehēbantur 1

ingentī esset magnitūdine, nōn eādem celeritāte quā Colchī
prōgredī poterant. Quō factum est ut minimum abesset quīn ā
Colchīs sequentibus caperentur, neque enim longius intererat quam
quō tēlum adicī posset. At Mēdēa cum vīdisset quō in locō rēs 5
essent, paene omnī spē dēpositā, īnfandum hoc cōnsilium cēpit.

75. A FEARFUL EXPEDIENT

Erat in nāvī Argonautārum fīlius quīdam rēgis Aeëtae, nōmine
Absyrtus, quem, ut suprā dēmōnstrāvimus, Mēdēa ex urbe fugiēns 10
sēcum abdūxerat. Hunc puerum Mēdēa interficere cōnstituit eō
cōnsiliō, ut membrīs eius in mare coniēctīs cursum Colchōrum
impedīret; certō enim sciēbat Aeëtem, cum membra fīlī vīdisset,
nōn longius prōsecūtūrum esse. Neque opīniō Mēdēam fefellit,
omnia enim ita ēvēnērunt ut spērāverat. Aeëtēs ubi prīmum 15
membra vīdit, ad ea colligenda nāvem tenērī iussit. Dum tamen ea
geruntur, Argonautae nōn intermissō remigandī labōre mox ē
cōnspectū hostium auferēbantur, neque prius fugere dēstitērunt
quam ad flūmen Eridānum pervēnērunt. Aeëtes nihil sibi
prōfutūrum esse arbitrātus sī longius prōgressus esset, animō 20
dēmissō domum revertit, ut fīlī corpus ad sepultūram daret.

76. THE BARGAIN WITH PELIAS

Tandem post multa perīcula Iāsōn in eundem locum pervēnit unde
profectus erat. Tum ē nāvī ēgressus ad rēgem Peliam, quī rēgnum 25
adhūc obtinēbat, statim sē contulit, et vellere aureō mōnstrātō ab eō
 Argonauts 81

abdūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductum: lead away intermittō, -ere: interrupt, break off, 5
absūmō, -ere, -mpsī, -mptum: take away, 2 intersum, interesse, -fuī: be between
Absyrtus, -ī m.: Absyrtus, Medea’s brother, 2 longē: far, far and wide, 6
adhūc: still, 5 magnitūdō, -tūdinis f.: size, greatness, 13
adiciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectum: throw at, hurl membrum, -ī n.: limb, member, 10
Aeētēs: Aeetes, king of Cochis, 10 minimus, -a, -um: very little
arbitror, -ārī, -ātus sum: judge, think, 11 mōnstrō (1): show, demonstrate, 3
auferō, -ferre, abstulī, -lātum: carry away 11 nihil: nothing, 14
aureus, -a, -um: golden, 13 nōmen, nōminis, n.: name, 12
celeritās, -tātis f.: speed, quickness, 7 obtineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold, maintain, 9
certus, -a, -um: fixed, sure, 11 opīniō, -iōnis f.: opinion, reputation, 6
Colchī, -ōrum m.: Colchians, 3 paene: almost, nearly, 8
Colchis, -idis f.: Colchis, 4 Peliās, -ae f.: Pelias, 14
conligō, -ere: gather, tie together prium: before, 3
cōnspectus, -ūs m.: sight, view, 6 prōsequor, -ī, prōsecūtus: follow, pursue
contendō, -ere, -ī, -tum: hasten; fight, 11 prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuī: profit, benefit, 6
cursus, -ūs m.: course, running, haste, 10 quīn: nay (even), (but) that, 12
dēmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: drop, 3 rēmigō (1): row
dēmōnstrō (1): show, demonstrate, 13 rēmus, -ī m.: oar, 4
dēpōnō, -ere, -suī, -situm: put down/aside, 9 revertō, -ere, reversī: turn back, return, 2
dēsistō, -ere, -stitī, -stitum: desist, stop, 5 sciō, -īre, -īvī (iī), -ītum: know, understand, 9
domus, -ūs f.: house, home, dwelling, 11 sepultūra, -ae f.: burial, 2
Ēridanus, -ī m.: Eridanus sequor, -ī, secūtus sum: follow; attend, 4
ēveniō, -īre: turn out, happen, 8 spērō (1): hope (for), expect, 5
fallō, -ere, fefellī, falsum: deceive, fail, 3 suprā: above, before, 6
fīlius, -iī m.: son, 10 tēlum, -ī n.: weapon, arrow, spear, 3
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, --: flee, hurry away, 9 teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentum: hold, keep 13
hostis, -is m./f.: stranger, enemy, foe, 5 unde: whence, from which source, 6
impediō, -īre, -īvī, -ītum: hinder, impede vehō, -ere, vexī, vectum: convey, carry, 5
īnfandus, -a, -um: unspeakable vellus, velleris n.: fleece, 12

1 vīribum: with all their strength; manner cōnsilium cēpit: adopted a plan; ‘took up’
contendēbant: hastened 9 nōmine: by name; abl. respect
cum: since 10 ut: as; ut + indicative
quā: relative pronoun, abl. means fugiēns: pres. pple fugiō, -ere
2 ingentī magnitūdine: of…; abl. quality, 11 eō cōnsiliō: with this purpose, (namely)
pred. of esset; 3rd decl. i-stem ablative so that; precedes purpose cl.
celeritāte: with…; abl. manner 12 membris…coniēctīs: abl. abs.
quā: with which; abl. manner 14 longium: farther; comparative adv.
prōgredī: pres. deponent inf. opīniō: expectation
3 Quō factum…morerētur: because of 15 ita…ut: just as; ut + indicative
which it happened that it was not at all far prīmum: first; adverb
from being captured by the pursuing 16 ad ea colligenda: for gathering them;
Colchians; ‘were least away that they…’ employ a gerund-gerundive flip
abl. of cause; the ut-clause is a noun result 17 remigandī: gen. gerund
clause; minimum is adv. acc. 18 prius…quam: earlier than, before
Longius intererat quam: for it was no fugere: from fleeing; English idiom
farther between than…; comparative 19 nihil: that it would be no profit for him;
5 quō tēlum: (that) in which, (that) to which inner acc. or adv. acc. (not at all), cf. p. 77
posset: impf. subj. possum + pass. inf. 20 animō dēmissō: with dejected heart
6 paene omnī…dēpositā: abl. abs. 26 sē contulit: carried himself; conferō
82 Argonauts

postulāvit ut rēgnum sibi trāderētur; Peliās enim pollicitus erat, sī 1

Iāsōn vellus rettulisset, sē rēgnum eī trāditūrum. Postquam Iāsōn
quid fierī vellet ostendit, Peliās prīmō nihil respondit, sed diū in
eādem trīstitiā tacitus permānsit; tandem ita locūtus est: “Vidēs mē
aetāte iam esse cōnfectum, neque dubium est quīn diēs suprēmus 5
mihi appropinquet. Liceat igitur mihi, dum vīvam, hoc rēgnum
obtinēre; cum autem tandem dēcesserō, tū mihi succēdēs.” Hāc
ōrātiōne adductus Iāsōn respondit sē id factūrum quod ille rogāsset.

77. MAGIC ARTS 10

Hīs rēbus cognitīs Mēdēa rem aegrē tulit, et rēgnī cupiditāte
adducta mortem rēgī per dolum īnferre cōnstituit. Hōc cōnstitūtō ad
fīliās rēgis vēnit atque ita locūta est: “Vidētis patrem vestrum
aetāte iam esse cōnfectum neque ad labōrem rēgnandī perferendum
satis valēre. Vultisne eum rūrsus iuvenem fierī?” Tum fīliae rēgis 15
ita respondērunt: “Num hoc fierī potest? Quis enim umquam ē sene
iuvenis factus est?” At Mēdēa respondit: “Mē medicīnae summam
habēre scientiam scītis. Nunc igitur vōbīs dēmōnstrābō quō modō
haec rēs fierī possit.” Postquam fīnem loquendī fēcit, arietem
aetāte iam confectum interfēcit et membra eius in vāse aēneō 20
posuit, atque ignī suppositō in aquam herbās quāsdam īnfūdit.
Tum, dum aqua effervēsceret, carmen magicum cantābat. Mox
ariēs ē vāse exsiluit et, vīribus refectīs, per agrōs currēbat.
 Argonauts 83

addūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ctum: lead to, bring, 8 num: question expecting negative answer, 2
aegrē: with difficulty, wearily, 4 nunc: now, at present, 4
aēneus, -a, -um: of bronze, 3 obtineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold, maintain, 9
aetās, aetātis f.: age, lifetime, time, 4 ōrātiō, -iōnis f.: speaking, speech, language, 2
ager, -grī m.: land, field, territory, 11 ostendō (1): show, display, 6
appropinquō (1): come near, approach, 8 pater, patris, m.: father, 12
aqua, -ae f.: water, 11 Peliās, -ae f.: Pelias, 14
ariēs, -ietis m.: ram, battering-ram, 2 perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātum: bear, betake, 2
cantō (1): sing permaneō, -ēre, -mānsī: remain
carmen, carminis n.: song, 2 polliceor, -ērī, -citus sum: promise, proffer, 2
cupiditās, -tātis f.: desire, passion, 5 pōnō, -ere, posuī, positum: place, put, 5
currō, -ere, cucurrī, cursum: run, rush, fly, 4 postulō (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11
dēcēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum: depart; die, 2 quīn: nay (even), (but) that, 12
dēmōnstrō (1): show, demonstrate, 13 reficiō -ere -fēcī -fectum: make new, repair, 2
diū: a long time, long, 13 rēgnō (1): rule, reign, 3
dolus, -ī m.: trick, deceit, 4 respondeō, -ēre, -dī, -ōnsum: answer, 13
dubius, -a, -um: doubtful, uncertain, 3 rogō (1): ask
effervēscō, -ere, -fervī: boil up or over rūrsus: again, backward, back, 7
exsiliō, -īre, -siluī: leap out or forth satis: enough, sufficient, 6
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum: carry, endure, 10 scientia, -ae f.: knowledge, wisdom, 6
fīnis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 sciō, -īre, -īvī (iī), -ītum: know, understand, 9
fīō, fierī, factus sum: become, be made, 9 senex, senis m.: old man
herba, -ae f.: plant, grass, 6 succēdō, -ere, -cessī: come up, succeed
ignis, ignis, m.: fire, 9 suppōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum; set beneath
īnferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātum: carry on, wage, 3 suprēmus, -a, -um: highest, last
īnfundō, -ere, -fūdī, fūsum: pour into taceō, -ēre, -uī, -itum: be silent, 2
iuvenis, -is m.: youth, young man, 4 tristitia, -ae f.: sadness
licet, -ēre, -uit: is allowed, permitted, 5 tū: you, 10
loquor, loquī, locūtus sum: speak, address, 9 umquam: ever, 5
magicus, -a, -um: magic, 5 valeō, -ēre, -uī: be strong, fare well, be able, 5
medicīna, -ae f.: medicine, art of healing, 4 vās, vāsis n. (2nd decl. in pl.): vessel, 5
membrum, -ī n.: limb, member, 10 vellus, velleris n.: fleece, 12
mors, mortis, f.: death, 9 vester, vestra, vestrum: your, 2
ne: introduces a yes/no question vīvus, -a, -um: living, alive, 4
nihil: nothing, 14 vōs: you, you all, 3

1 ut: that…; ind. command 8 id…quod: that which…

2 rettulisset: if…had brought back; fut. factūrum (esse): fut. inf. in indirect disc.
pf. indicate in future-more-vivid rogā(vi)sset: syncopated plpf subj.
condition made plpf subj in ind. disc. 10 Hīs…cognitīs: abl. abs.
eī: dat. sg. indirect object 11 tulit: bore poorly; pf. ferō
trāditūrum (esse): fut. inf.; add esse 12 rēgī: upon the king; dat. of compound verb
3 quid…vellet: what he wished to be 14 cōnfectum (esse): see note, line 5
done; impf. subj. volō, ind. question ad…perferendum: for accomplishing…
5 cōnfectum (esse): have been exhausted; rēgnandī: gen. sg. gerund (-ing)
neque…quīn: there is not doubt that… 15 satis valēre: is not strong enough
6 mihi: me; dat. of compound verb Vultis: 2p present volō
liceat: let it be allowed; jussive pres. subj. fierī: be made/done; inf. fiō
vīvam: 1s pres. subjunctive 16 Num: surely….not?; expects a ‘no’ answer
7 dēcesserō: I depart (from life); fut. pf. 18 quō modō: in what way; indirect question
mihi: me; dat with compound verb 23 vīribus refectīs: strength recovered; abs.
84 Argonauts

78. A DANGEROUS EXPERIMENT 1

Dum fīliae rēgis hoc mīrāculum stupentēs intuentur, Mēdēa ita
locūta est: “Vidētis quantum valeat medicīna. Vōs igitur, sī vultis
patrem vestrum in adulēscentiam redūcere, id quod fēcī ipsae
faciētis. Vōs patris membra in vās conicite; ego herbās magicās 5
praebēbō.” Quod ubi audītum est, fīliae rēgis cōnsilium quod
dedisset Mēdēa nōn omittendum putāvērunt. Patrem igitur Peliam
necāvērunt et membra eius in vās aēneum coniēcērunt; nihil autem
dubitābant quīn hoc maximē eī prōfutūrum esset. At rēs omnīnō
aliter ēvēnit ac spērāverant, Mēdēa enim nōn eāsdem herbās dedit 10
quibus ipsa ūsa erat. Itaque postquam diū frūstrā exspectāvērunt,
patrem suum rē vērā mortuum esse intellēxērunt. Hīs rēbus gestīs
Mēdēa sē cum coniuge suō rēgnum acceptūram esse spērābat; sed
cīvēs cum intellegerent quō modō Peliās periisset, tantum scelus
aegrē tulērunt. Itaque Iāsone et Mēdēā ē rēgnō expulsīs, Acastum 15
rēgem creāvērunt.

79. A FATAL GIFT

Iāsōn et Mēdēa ē Thessaliā expulsī ad urbem Corinthum vēnērunt,
cuius urbis Creōn quīdam rēgnum tum obtinēbat. Erat autem 20
Creontī fīlia ūna, nōmine Glaucē. Quam cum vīdisset, Iāsōn
cōnstituit Mēdēae uxōrī suae nūntium mittere eō cōnsiliō, ut
Glaucēn in mātrimōnium dūceret. At Mēdēa ubi intellēxit quae ille
in animō habēret, īrā graviter commōta iūre iūrandō cōnfirmāvit sē
tantam iniūriam ultūram. Hoc igitur cōnsilium cēpit. Vestem 25
 Argonauts 85

Acastus, -ī m.: Acastus membrum, -ī n.: limb, member, 10

adulēscentia, -ae f.: youth mīrāculum, -ī n.: wonder, marvel, miracle
aegrē: with difficulty, wearily, 4 mortuus, -a, -um: dead, 7
aēneus, -a, -um: of bronze, 3 necō (1): kill, slay, put to death, 9
aliter: otherwise, in another way, 3 nihil: nothing, 14
cīvis, -is m/f: citizen, fellow citizen, 5 nōmen, nōminis, n.: name, 12
cōnfirmō (1): make strong, strengthen, 5 nūntius, -iī m.: messenger, 12
coniūnx, -iugis m/f: husband, wife, spouse obtineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold, maintain, 9
Corinthus, -ī m.: Corinth omittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: neglect, omit, 6
creō (1): create, 2 omnīnō: altogether, wholely, entirely, 11
Creōn, -ntis m.: Creon, 5 pater, patris, m.: father, 12
diū: a long time, long, 13 Peliās, -ae f.: Pelias, 14
dubitō (1): hestitate, doubt, 5 pereō, perīre, periī, peritūrum: perish
dūcō, -ere, dūxī, ductum: lead, draw, bring, 5 praebeō, -ēre, -uī, -itum: present, give, 7
ego: I, 9 prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuī: profit, benefit, 6
ēveniō, -īre: turn out, happen, 8 putō (1): think, consider, 2
expellō, -ere, pulī, pulsum: drive out, expel 3 quantus, -a, -um: how much, how great, 4
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum: carry, endure, 10 quīn: nay (even), (but) that, 12
frūstrā: in vain, for nothing, 13 redūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -tum: lead/bring back, 11
Glaucē, -ēs f.: Glauce, 4 scelus, sceleris n.: wickedness, crime, 4
herba, -ae f.: plant, grass, 6 spērō (1): hope (for), expect, 5
iniūria, -ae f.: wrong, insult, injustice, 2 stupeō, -ēre, -uī: be stunned, be astounded
intueor, -tuērī, -tuitus sum: look upon Thessalia, -ae f.: Thessaly, 4
īra, īrae f.: anger, 12 ulcīscor, ulcīscī, ultus sum: avenge, 2
itaque: and so, 8 ūtor, ūtī, ūsus sum:use, employ, enjoy 2
iūrō (1): swear, 2 uxor, uxōris f.: wife, spouse, 10
iūs, iūris n.: justice, law, right, 4 valeō, -ēre, -uī: be strong, fare well, be able, 5
loquor, loquī, locūtus sum: speak, address, 9 vās, vāsis n. (2nd decl. in pl.): vessel, 5
magicus, -a, -um: magic, 5 vērus, -a, -um: true, real, 2
mātrimōnium, -iī n.: marriage, 6 vester, vestra, vestrum: your, 2
maximē: especially, very greatly, 5 vestis, -is f.: clothing, 12
medicīna, -ae f.: medicine, art of healing, 4 vōs: you, you all, 3

3 quantum valeat medicīna: how strong ipsa: (she) herself

is…; inner acc. ind. question, pres. subj. ūsa est: pf. dep. ūtor, governs abl.
vultis: 2p volō 12 rē vērā: in true fact; i.e. actually
4 id quod: that which…; demonstrative hīs…gestīs: abl. abs., PPP gerō
5 conicite: plural imperative, -iciō from iaciō 13 acceptūram esse: would receive; sē
6 quod: this; ‘which,’ nom. subject is acc. subj.; fut. inf.
quod…Mēdēa: plpf. subj., relative 14 quō modō: in what way; abl. manner
clause of characteristic periisset: plpf. subj. per-eō, ind. quest
7 ōmittendum (esse): must be…: ‘was 15 tulērunt: pf. ferō, again to bear poorly
(going) to be omitted,’ pass. periphrastic Iāsone…expulsīs: abl. abs.
in ind. disc.; cōnsilium is acc. subject, 20 cuius urbis: of which city; + regnum
9 dubitābant quīn: they did not at all 21 Creontī: there was to Creon; ‘Creon
doubt that; nihil is an adv. acc. or inner acc. had,’ dat. of possession
(had no doubt); quīn often follows dubitāre 24 iūre iūrandō: by sworn oath; ‘by oath
prōfutūrum esset: would be profitable; (going) to be worn,’ abl. means
‘was going to be profitable,’ periphrastic 25 ultūrum (esse): fut. inf. ulcīscor
fut. (fut pple + sum); impf subj cēpit: adopted; ‘took up’
11 quibum: which; abl. obj. of ūsa est
86 Argonauts

parāvit summā arte textam et variīs colōribus īnfectam; hanc 1

mortiferō quōdam venēnō tīnxit, cuius vīs tālis erat ut sī quis eam
vestem induisset, corpus eius quasi ignī ūrerētur. Hōc factō vestem
ad Glaucēn mīsit; illa autem nihil malī suspicāns dōnum libenter
accēpit, et vestem novam mōre fēminārum statim induit. 5

80. MEDEA KILLS HER SONS

Vix vestem induerat Glaucē cum dolōrem gravem per omnia
membra sēnsit, et paulō post crūdēlī cruciātū affecta ē vītā excessit.
Hīs rēbus gestīs Mēdēa furōre atque āmentiā impulsa fīliōs suōs 10
necāvit; tum magnum sibi fore perīculum arbitrāta sī in Thessaliā
manēret, ex eā regiōne fugere cōnstituit. Hōc cōnstitūtō Sōlem
orāvit ut in tantō perīculō auxilium sibi praebēret. Sōl autem hīs
precibus commōtus currum mīsit cui erant iūnctī dracōnēs ālīs
īnstrūctī. Mēdēa nōn omittendam tantam occāsiōnem arbitrāta 15
currum ascendit, itaque per āëra vecta incolumis ad urbem Athēnās
pervēnit. Iāsōn ipse brevī tempore mīrō modō occīsus est. Accidit
sīve cāsū sīve cōnsiliō deōrum ut sub umbrā nāvis suae, quae in
lītus subducta erat, dormīret. Mox nāvis, quae adhūc ērēcta steterat,
in eam partem ubi Iāsōn iacēbat subitō dēlāpsa virum īnfēlīcem 20
oppressit.
 Argonauts 87

accidō, -ere, accidī: happen, fall (on)to, 8 libenter: gladly, willingly, 12

adhūc: still, 5 malus, -a, -um: bad, 3
āēr, āeris m. (acc. āera): air, 6 maneō, -ēre, mānsī, mansūrum: stay, wait, 9
afficiō, -ere, -fēcī, fectum: influence, treat, 13 membrum, -ī n.: limb, member, 10
āla, -ae f.: wing, 2 mīrus, -a, -um: wonderful, amazing, 7
āmentia, -ae f.: madness, 2 mortifer, -fera, -ferum: death-bearing, 2
arbitror, -ārī, -ātus sum: judge, think, 11 mōs, mōris m.: custom, manner, law, 6
ars, artis f.: skill, craft, art, 5 necō (1): kill, slay, put to death, 9
ascendō, -ere, -ī, -ēnsum: ascend, mount, 3 nihil: nothing, 14
Athenae, -ārum f.: Athens novus, -a, -um: new, 4
cāsus, -ūs m.: misfortune, accident, event, 8 occāsiō, -iōnis f.: chance, opportunity, 6
color, colōris m.: color occīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsum: kill, cut down, 14
cruciātus, -ūs m.: torture, 2 omittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: neglect, omit, 6
crūdēlis, -e: cruel, bitter, bloody, 6 opprimō, -ere, -pressī: overpower 5
currus, -ūs m.: chariot, cart, 2 ōrō (1): pray (for), entreat, beseech, 5
dēlābor, -lābī, -lāpsus sum: slip or fall down praebeō, -ēre, -uī, -itum: present, give, 7
dōnum, -ī n.: gift, 6 precēs, -um f. pl.: prayer, entreaty, 3
dormiō, -īre, -īvī: sleep, 8 quasi: as if, 4
dracō, -ōnis m.: dragon, serpent, 7 sīve: or if, whether if, 6
ērigō, -ere, -rēxī, -rēctum: raise up, lift sōl, sōlis m.: sun, 10
excēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum: go out, depart, 2 stō, -āre, stetī, stātum: stand, 8
fēmina, -ae f.: woman, 3 sub: under, 4
fīlius, -iī m.: son, 10 subdūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductum: draw up, 2
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, --: flee, hurry away, 9 suspicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum: suspect, mistrust, 7
furor, -ōris m.: rage, fury, madness, 4 tālis, -e: such, 6
Glaucē, -ēs f.: Glauce, 4 texō, -ere, -uī, textum: weave
iaceō, -ēre, -uī: lie, lie low, 3 Thessalia, -ae f.: Thessaly, 4
ignis, ignis, m.: fire, 9 tingō, -ere, tīnxī, tīnctum: wet, soak; dye
impellō, -ere, pulī, pulsum: drive on, incite, 3 umbra, -ae f.: shade, shadow
incolumis, -e: inscathed, uninjured, safe, 7 ūrō, ūrere, ussī, ustum: burn
induō, -ere, induī, indūtum: put on, 8 varius, -a, -um: various, 2
īnfēlīx, -fēlīcis: unhappy, unfortunate, 2 vehō, -ere, vexī, vectum: convey, carry, 5
īnficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum: stain, dye, 4 venēnum, -ī n.: poison, 7
īnstruō, -ere, -ūxī, -ūctum: equip, draw up, 6 vestis, -is f.: clothing, 12
itaque: and so, 8 vīta, -ae, f.: life, 9
iungō, -ere, iūnxī, -iūnctum: join, 3 vix: with difficulty, with effort, scarcely, 5

1 summā arte: with…; abl. manner crūdēlī: abl. i-stem modifies cruciātū
textam, īnfectam: PPP texō, īnficiō 10 Hīs…gestīs: abl. abs.
2 tālis: such; nom. predicate of erat 11 magnum…fore …perīculum: that…
ut…ūrerētur: that…burned; result would be; ~futūrum esse, ind. disc
sī quis: if anyone…; quis is indefinite governed by arbitrāta (PPP arbitror)
before sī, nisi, num, and nē sibi: reflexive, dat. of interest
3 induisset: plpf. subj. sī…manēret: fut. pf. ind. subordinate
ignī: abl. of means, i-stem 3rd decl. noun verb made subjunctive in ind. disc.
hōc factō: abl. abs. 13 ut…praebēret: that…; ind. command
4 nihil malī: nothing (of) evil; partitive 14 cui: which…had been joined
5 mōre: by custom; ‘from the custom’ 15 ōmittendam (esse): must not be omitted
8 Glaucē: nom. subject; Greek 1st decl. 17 Accidit…ut…dormīret: it happened
9 paulō post: a little later; abl. of degree that…; noun result clause
of difference 18 sīve…sīve: whether by….or by…
88 Ulysses

81. HOMEWARD BOUND 1

Urbem Trōiam ā Graecīs decem annōs obsessam esse satis cōnstat;
dē hōc enim bellō Homērus, maximus poētārum Graecōrum,
Īliadem, opus nōtissimum, scrīpsit. Trōiā tandem per īnsidiās captā,
Graecī longō bellō fessī domum redīre mātūrāvērunt. Omnibus 5
rēbus igitur ad profectiōnem parātīs, nāvēs dēdūxērunt, et
tempestātem idōneam nactī magnō cum gaudiō solvērunt. Erat
inter primōs Graecōrum Ulixēs quīdam, vir summae virtūtis ac
prūdentiae, quem dīcunt nōnnullī dolum istum excōgitāsse quō
Trōiam captam esse cōnstat. Hic rēgnum īnsulae Ithacae 10
obtinuerat, et paulō antequam cum reliquīs Graecīs ad bellum
profectus est, puellam fōrmōsissimam, nōmine Pēnelopēn, in
mātrimōnium dūxerat. Nunc igitur cum iam decem annōs quasi in
exsiliō cōnsūmpsisset, magnā cupiditāte patriae et uxōris videndae
ārdēbat. 15

82. THE LOTUS-EATERS

Postquam tamen pauca mīlia passuum ā lītore Trōiae prōgressī
sunt, tanta tempestās subitō coörta est ut nūlla nāvium cursum
tenēre posset, sed aliae aliās in partēs disicerentur. Nāvis autem, 20
quā ipse Ulixēs vehēbātur, vī tempestātis ad merīdiem dēlāta
decimō diē ad lītus Libyae appulsa est. Ancorīs iactīs, Ulixēs
cōnstituit nōnnūllōs ē sociīs in terram expōnere, quī aquam ad
nāvem referrent et quālis esset nātūra eius regiōnis cognōscerent.
Hī igitur ē nāvī ēgressī imperāta facere parābant. Dum tamen fontem 25
 Ulysses 89

alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 9 inter: between, among (+ acc.), 10
ancora, ancorae f.: anchor, 7 iste, ista, istud: that or those (of yours), 7
antequam: before, 9 Ithaca, -ae f.: Ithaca, 3
appellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsum: drive (to), 14 Libya, -ae f.: Libya, 3
aqua, -ae f.: water, 11 longus, -a, -um: long, 4
ārdeō, -ēre, ārsī, ārsum: be on fire, burn, 3 mātrimōnium, -iī n.: marriage, 6
bellum, -ī, n.: war, 6 mātūrō (1): hasten, ripen, 7
cōnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitum: stand firm, maximus, -a, -um: greatest, 9
stand together; cost; it is agreed, 6 merīdiēs, -ēī m.: midday, noon; south, 2
cōnsūmō, -ere, -mpsī, -mptum: take, spend 9 mīlle (pl. mīlia): thousand, 7
coörior, coörīrī, coörtus sum: arise, 4 nancīscor, -ī, nactus sum: attain, meet, 7
cupiditās, -tātis f.: desire, passion, 5 nātūra, -ae. f.: nature, 9
cursus, -ūs m.: course, running, haste, 10 nōmen, nōminis, n.: name, 12
decem: ten, 4 nōnnūllus, -a, -um: not none, some, 3
decimus, -a, -um: tenth nōtus, -a, -um: known, familiar, 3
dēdūcō, -ere: lead or bring down, launch, 10 nunc: now, at present, 4
dēferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātum: carry off obsideō, -ēre, -sēdī, -sessum: beset, beseech
disiciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectum: scatter obtineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold, maintain, 9
dolus, -ī m.: trick, deceit, 4 opus, -eris n.: work, deed, toil, 9
domus, -ūs f.: house, home, dwelling, 11 passus, -ūs: pace, 7
dūcō, -ere, dūxī, ductum: lead, draw, bring, 5 patria, -ae f.: fatherland, country, 8
excōgitō (1): think out, devise, contrive Pēnelopē, -ēs f.: Penelope
expōnō, -ere, -suī, -situm: set out, explain 7 poēta, -ae m.: poet, 4
exsilium, -iī n.: exile, 2 profectiō, -tiōnis f.: departure, start, 3
fessus, -a, -um: wearied, exhausted, 2 prūdentia, -ae f.: prudence
fōns, fontis m.: origin, fount, source, 3 puella, -ae f.: girl, 8
fōrmōsus, -a, -um: shapely, beautiful, 2 quālis, -e: of what sort?
gaudium, -iī n.: gladness, joy, 9 quasi: as if, 4
Graecus, -a, -um: Greek, 14 satis: enough, sufficient, 6
Homērus, ī m.: Homer scrībō, -ere, scrīpsī, scrīptum: write, 2
iaciō, -ere, iēcī, iactum: throw, cast teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentum: hold, keep 13
idōneus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 Trōia, -ae f.: Troy, 9
Īlias, -adis f.: the Iliad, Homer’s epic uxor, uxōris f.: wife, spouse, 10
imperō (1): order, command, 12 vehō, -ere, vexī, vectum: convey, carry, 5
īnsidiae, -ārum f.: ambush, 2 virtūs, -ūtis f.: valor, manhood, excellence, 10

1 Urbem…obsessam esse: that…; pf. quō: by which; means: masc. follows dolum
pass. inf., subject of impers. cōnstat 10 cōnstat: it is agreed; impersonal
2 decem annōs: for…; acc. duration 11 paulō: little; abl. of degree of difference
satis cōnstat: it is sufficiently agreed; 12 nōmine: by name; abl. of respect
impersonal verb. 13 cum…cōmsūmpisset: when…; plpf. subj.
3 opum: neuter acc. in apposition to Iliadem 14 patriae..videndae: for seeing…; use a
Troiā…captā: abl. abs. gerund-gerundive flip: translate this
5 domum: home; place to which gerundive as a gerund with direct objects;
6 ad…: for…; expressing purpose the genitive is an objective gen.
7 nactī: having attained; PPP nancīscor 18 mīlia passuum: for…miles; acc. of extent
solvērunt: set sail; ‘set free the ship’ 19 ut…posset: that…were able; result
8 prīmōs: the leaders; ‘the first (men)’ 20 vī: irreg. abl. of means, vīs
summae virtūtis: of…; gen. desciption 23 quī: who might…; relative of purpose
9 quem: whom; acc. subj. of excōgitāsse 24 quālis..regiōnis: what..; ind. question
excōgitā(vi)sse: syncopated pf. inf. 24 imperāta: orders; ‘things ordered,’ PPP
90 Ulysses

quaerunt, quibusdam ex incolīs obviam factī ab eīs hospitiō acceptī 1

sunt. Accidit autem ut māior pars vīctūs eōrum hominum in mīrō
quōdam frūctū quem ‘lōtum’ appellābant cōnsisteret. Quam cum
Graecī gustāssent, patriae et sociōrum statim oblītī cōnfirmāvērunt
sē semper in eā terrā mānsūrōs, ut dulcī illō cibō in perpetuum 5
vēscerentur.

83. THE RESCUE

Ulixēs cum ab hōrā septimā ad vesperum exspectāsset, veritus nē
sociī suī in perīculō versārentur, nōnnūllōs ē reliquīs mīsit, ut quae 10
causa esset morae cognōscerent. Hī igitur in terram expositī ad
vīcum quī nōn longē aberat sē contulērunt; quō cum vēnissent,
sociōs suōs quasi vīnō ēbriōs repperērunt. Tum ubi causam
veniendī docuērunt, eīs persuādēre cōnābantur ut sēcum ad nāvem
redīrent. Illī tamen resistere ac manū sē dēfendere coepērunt, saepe 15
clāmitantēs sē numquam ex eō locō abitūrōs. Quae cum ita essent,
nūntiī rē īnfectā ad Ulixem rediērunt. Hīs rēbus cognitīs ipse cum
omnibus quī in nāvī relictī erant ad locum vēnit; et sociōs suōs
frūstrā hortātus ut suā sponte redīrent, manibus eōrum post terga
vīnctīs invītōs ad nāvem reportāvit. Tum ancorīs sublātīs quam 20
celerrimē ē portū solvit.

84. THE ONE-EYED GIANT

Postquam eā tōtā nocte rēmīs contendērunt, postrīdiē ad terram
ignōtam nāvem appulērunt. Tum, quod nātūram eius regiōnis 25
ignōrābat, ipse Ulixēs cum duodecim ē sociīs in terram ēgressus
 Ulysses 91

abeō, -īre, -iī, -itum: go away, depart, 6 mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14
absum, -esse, āfuī: be away, be absent, 7 nātūra, -ae. f.: nature, 9
accidō, -ere, accidī: happen, fall (on)to, 8 nōnnūllus, -a, -um: not none, some, 3
ancora, ancorae f.: anchor, 7 nox, noctis, f.: night, 7
appellō (1): call (by name), name, 12 numquam: never, at no time, 4
appellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsum: drive (to), 14 nūntius, -iī m.: messenger, 12
cibus, -ī m.: food, 5 oblītus, -a, -um: forgetful, unmindful
clāmitō (1): call out obviam: in the way of, opposite to (+ dat.) 3
cōnfirmō (1): make strong, strengthen, 5 patria, -ae f.: fatherland, country, 8
cōnor, cōnārī, cōnātus sum: try, attempt, 7 perpetuus, -a, -um: perpetual, everlasting
cōnsistō, -ere, -stitī, -stitum: stand still persuādeō, -ēre, -suāsī, -suāsum: persuade, 9
contendō, -ere, -ī, -tum: hasten; fight, 11 portus, -ūs m.: harbort, port, 3
dēfendō, -ere, -nsī, dēfensum: defend postrīdiē: the day after, the next day, 4
doceō, -ēre, -uī, -ctum: teach, tell, 9 quasi: as if, 4
dulcis, -e: sweet, dear, fresh, 2 relinquō, -ere, -līquī, -lictum: leave behind, 9
ēbrius, -a, -um: drunk, inebriated rēmus, -ī m.: oar, 4
expōnō, -ere, -suī, -situm: set out, explain 7 reperiō, -īre, repperī, repertum: find, 9
frūctus, -ūs m.: enjoyment, fruit reportō (1): carry back, bring back
frūstrā: in vain, for nothing, 13 resistō, -ere, -stitī: resist, oppose; stand, 2
Graecus, -a, -um: Greek, 14 saepe: often
gustō (1): taste, 2 semper: always, ever, forever, 2
hōra, -ae f.: hour, 5 septimus, -a, -um: seventh, 2
hortor, -ārī, -ātus sum: encourage, urge, 4 sponte: of one’s own will, voluntarily, 2
hospitium, ī n.: hospitality, 5 tergum, -ī n.: back, 8
ignōrō (1): not know, be ignorant, 5 tollō, -ere, sustulī, sublātum: raise, lift up 10
incola, -ae m.: inhabitant, 7 ūndecimus, -a, -um: eleventh, 2
īnfectus, -a, -um: not done, 1 vereor, -ērī, -itum: be afraid, fear; revere, 5
invītus, -a, -um: unwilling, 2 versor (1): be engaged, move about, live, 3
longē: far, far and wide, 6 vēscor, vēscī: feed on, eat (+ abl.) 3
lōtus, -ī f.: lotus vesper, vesperī m.: evening, 4
māior, māium: greater, larger; older vīctus, -ūs m.: nourishment, diet; livelihood
maneō, -ēre, mānsī, mansūrum: stay, wait, 9 vīcus, -ī m.: village
mīrus, -a, -um: wonderful, amazing, 7 vīnciō, -īre, vīnxī, vīnctum: bind, tie, 4

1 quibusdam..obviam factī: put in the way of 12 longē: far

some from the inhabitants; PPP faciō sē contulērunt: carried themselves; went
hospitiō: with hospitality; abl. manner quō: (to) there; ‘to where’
2 accidit: it happened that; noun result clause 14 veniendī: gen. sg. gerund (-ing)
eōrum hominum: of those men; with pars persuādere: persuade (dat) that..;
in…cōnsisteret: depended on; ‘consists on’ governs dat. i.o. and ind. command
4 gustā(v)issent: sycopated plpf. subj. 15 redīrent: impf. subj. red-eō
oblītī: having forgotten; + gen., PPP dep. manū: by hand; i.e. by fighting
5 sē…mānsūrōs (esse): that…; fut. inf. clāmitantēs: pres. pple
ut…vēscerentur: might eat; purpose clause 16 abitūrōs (esse): fut. inf. abeō in ind. disc.
vēscor governs an abl. object quae cum...: Since these things were
dulcī: ablative sg., i-stem 3rd decl. adj. so; ‘as a result,’ common in Cicero
9 ad vesperem: til evening 19 ut redīrent: that they return; ind command
exspectā(v)isset: plpf. subj., see line 4 suā sponte: by their own will
veritum: having feared lest; fearing clause post: behind
11 cognōscerent: he might learn; purpose 20 ancorīs sublātis: abl. abs., PPP tollō
quae…morae: what was…; ind. question quam celerrimē: as fast as possible
92 Ulysses

loca explōrāre cōnstituit. Paulum ā lītore prōgressī ad spēluncam 1

ingentem pervēnērunt, quam habitārī sēnsērunt; eius enim
introitum et nātūrā locī et manū mūnītum esse animadvertērunt.
Mox, etsī intellegēbant sē nōn sine perīculō id factūrōs, spēluncam
intrāvērunt; quod cum fēcissent, magnam cōpiam lactis in vāsīs 5
ingentibus conditam invēnērunt. Dum tamen mīrantur quis in eā
sēde habitāret, sonitum terribilem audīvērunt, et oculīs ad portam
tortīs mōnstrum horribile vīdērunt, hūmānā quidem speciē et
figūrā, sed ingentī magnitūdine corporis. Cum autem
animadvertissent mōnstrum ūnum oculum tantum habēre in mediā 10
fronte positum, intellēxērunt hunc esse ūnum ē Cyclōpibus, dē
quibus fāmam iam accēperant.

85. THE GIANT'S SUPPER

Cyclōpēs autem pāstōrēs erant quīdam quī īnsulam Siciliam et 15
praecipuē montem Aetnam incolēbant; ibi enim Volcānus, praeses
fabrōrum et ignis inventor, cuius servī Cyclōpēs erant, officīnam
suam habēbat.
Graecī igitur simul ac mōnstrum vīdērunt, terrōre paene
exanimātī in interiōrem partem spēluncae refūgērunt et sē ibi 20
abdere cōnābantur. Polyphēmus autem (sīc enim Cyclōps
appellābatur) pecus suum in spēluncam compulit; deinde, cum
saxō ingentī portam obstrūxisset, ignem in mediā spēluncā fēcit.
Hōc factō, oculō omnia perlūstrabat, et cum sēnsisset hominēs in
interiōre parte spēluncae esse abditōs, magnā vōce exclāmāvit: 25
"Quī hominēs estis? Mercātōrēs an latrōnēs?" Tum Ulixēs
respondit sē neque mercātōrēs esse neque praedandī causā vēnisse;
 Ulysses 93

abdō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: hide, put away, 3 mīror, -ārī, -ātus sum: be amazed at, 7
Aetna, -ae f.: Aetna mōns, montis m.: mountain, mount, 5
an: or (in questions) mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītum: fortify, build, 2
animadvertō, -ere: turn mind to, notice, 6 nātūra, -ae. f.: nature, 9
appellō (1): call (by name), name, 12 obstruō, -ere, -ūxī, -ūctum: block, close off 4
compellō, -ere, -pulī: drive together, 3 oculus, -ī, m.: eye, 7
condō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: found; hide, 2 officīna, -ae f.: workshop, shop, factory
cōnor, cōnārī, cōnātus sum: try, attempt, 7 paene: almost, nearly, 8
cōpia, -ae f.: abundance, supply; troops, 10 pāstor, pāstoris m.: shepherd, 2
Cyclōps, Cyclōpis m.: Cyclops, 7 pecus, pecoris n.: herd, flock, 4
deinde: then, thereupon, 8 perlūstrō (1): look over, examine, 2
etsī: even if, although, though, 13 porta, -ae f.: gate, 7
exanimō (1): kill, exhaust, 9 praecipuē; especially, 2
exclāmō (1): cry out, 3 praedor, -ārī, -ātus sum: plunder
explōrō (1): search out, explore, 2 praeses, praesidis m.: protector
faber, fabrī m.: smith, engineer, 2 quidem: indeed, in fact, assuredly, certainly, 8
fāma, -ae f.: fame, reputation, report, rumor 7 refugiō, -ere, -fūgī: flee back, 5
figūra, -ae f.: form, shape reperiō, -īre, repperī, repertum: find, 9
frōns, frontis f.: forehead respondeō, -ēre, -dī, -ōnsum: answer, 13
horribilis, -e: horrible, dreadful, 11 sēdēs, sēdis f.: seat; abode, home, 5
hūmānus, -a, -um: cultured, refined, 4 servus, -ī, m.: slave, 2
ignis, ignis, m.: fire, 9 sīc: thus, in this way, 2
incolō, -ere, -uī: inhabit, 4 Sicilia, -ae f.: Sicily
interior, -ium: interior, 3 simul: at the same time; at once, together, 10
intrō (1): go into, enter, 7 sonitus, -ī m.: sound, noise, clang
introitus, -ūs m.: entrance, 6 terribilis, -e: terrible, dreadful, 5
inveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum: find, discover 8 terror, terrōris m.: terror, fright, 4
lac, lactis n.: milk torqueō, -ēre, torsī, tortum: twist, turn
latrō, -ōnis m.: robber vās, vāsis n. (2nd decl. in pl.): vessel, 5
magnitūdō, -tūdinis f.: size, greatness, 13 Volcānus, -ī m.: Vulcan, 13
medius, -a, -um: middle of, 10 vōx, vōcis, f.: voice, 9
mercātor, -ōris m.: trader, merchant, 3

1 loca: neut. pl. loca is the common plural for hunc: that this…; acc. subject
masc. locus in the nom. and acc. dē quibum: about whom
paulum: a little; adv. acc. 16 praeses…inventor: nom. appositives
progressī: dep. PPP progredior 19 simul ac: as soon as; ‘the same time as’
2 quam: which; acc. subj. of habitārī 20 exanimātī: having been overcome
eium: its; i.e. the cave’s 22 cum…obstrūxisset: after…; plpf. subj
introitum..munītum esse: that...; ind. disc. 23 saxō ingentī: abl. means, i-stem abl.
4 sē…factūrōs (esse): would do; fut. inf. 24 Hōc factō: abl. abs.
5 quod: this; ‘which’ object of fēcissent hominēs….esse abditōs: that…had been
6 conditam: stored up; PPP or pf. pass. inf. hidden; pf. pass. inf. in ind. disc.
(add esse) in ind. discourse 25 magnā voce: with a loud…; abl. manner
quis: wonder who…; ind. quest., impf. subj. 26 Quī hominēs: what (sort of) people;
7 oculīs…tortīs: abl. abs., PPP torqueō interrogative adj.
8 hūmānā…figūrā: of…; abl. of quality an: or
9 ingentī magnitūdine: of...; abl. of quality 27 neque…neque: neither…nor
10 mōnstum…habēre: ind. disc. sē…esse: that they were; ind. disc.
tantum: only; an adverb praedandī: gen. gerund (-ing) object
11 positum: placed; modifies oculum of the prep. causā, “for the sake of”
94 Ulysses

sed ā Trōiā redeuntēs vī tempestātum ā rēctō cursū dēpulsōs esse. 1

Ōrāvit etiam ut sibi sine iniūriā abīre licēret. Tum Polyphēmus
quaesīvit ubi esset nāvis quā vectī essent; sed Ulixēs, cum sibi
maximē praecavendum esse bene intellegeret, respondit nāvem
suam in rūpīs coniectam omnīnō frāctam esse. Polyphēmus autem 5
nūllō responsō datō duo ē sociīs manū corripuit, et membrīs eōrum
dīvulsīs carnem dēvorāre coepit.

86. A DESPERATE SITUATION

Dum haec geruntur, Graecōrum animōs tantus terror occupāvit ut 10
nē vōcem quidem ēdere possent, sed omnī spē salūtis dēpositā
mortem praesentem exspectārent. Polyphēmus, postquam famēs
hāc tam horribilī cēnā dēpulsa est, humī prōstrātus somnō sē dedit.
Quod cum vīdisset Ulixēs, tantam occāsiōnem reī gerendae nōn
omittendam arbitrātus, pectus mōnstrī gladiō trānsfīgere voluit. 15
Cum tamen nihil temere agendum exīstimāret, cōnstituit explōrāre,
antequam hoc faceret, quā ratiōne ex spēluncā ēvādere possent. At
cum saxum animadvertisset quō introitus obstrūctus erat, nihil sibi
prōfutūrum intellēxit sī Polyphēmum interfēcisset. Tanta enim erat
eius saxī magnitūdō ut nē ā decem quidem hominibus āmōvērī 20
posset. Quae cum ita essent, Ulixēs hōc cōnātū dēstitit et ad sociōs
rediit; quī cum intellēxissent quō in locō rēs essent, nūllā spē
salūtis oblātā dē fortūnīs suīs dēspērāre coepērunt.
Ille tamen nē animōs dēmitterent vehementer hortātus est.
 Ulysses 95

abeō, -īre, -iī, -itum: go away, depart, 6 introitus, -ūs m.: entrance, 6
agō, agere, ēgī, āctum: drive, lead, spend, 13 licet, -ēre, -uit: is allowed, permitted, 5
āmoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtum: move away, 5 magnitūdō, -tūdinis f.: size, greatness, 13
animadvertō, -ere: turn mind to, notice, 6 maximē: especially, very greatly, 5
antequam: before, 9 membrum, -ī n.: limb, member, 10
arbitror, -ārī, -ātus sum: judge, think, 11 mors, mortis, f.: death, 9
bene: well, 5 nihil: nothing, 14
carō, carnis f.: flesh, meat, 4 obstruō, -ere, -ūxī, -ūctum: block, close off 4
cēna, -ae f.: dinner, 5 occāsiō, -iōnis f.: chance, opportunity, 6
cōnor, cōnārī, cōnātus sum: try, attempt, 7 occupō (1): occupy, seize, 8
corripiō, -ere, -uī, -reptum: snatch (up), 6 offerō, -ferre, obtulī, -lātum: offer, present 5
cursus, -ūs m.: course, running, haste, 10 omittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: neglect, omit, 6
decem: ten, 4 omnīnō: altogether, wholely, entirely, 11
dēmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: drop, 3 ōrō (1): pray (for), entreat, beseech, 5
dēpellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsum: drive away, pectus, pectoris n.: breast, chest, heart, 3
drive off, 3 praecaveō, -ēre, -cāvī, -cautum: take
dēpōnō, -ere, -suī, -situm: put down/aside, 9 precautions, guard against, 1:
dēsistō, -ere, -stitī, -stitum: desist, stop, 5 praesēns, -sentis: present
dēspērō (1): despair, give up, 4 prōsternō, -ere, -strāvī, -ātum: lay out, 3
dēvorō (1): swallow down, devour, 4 prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuī: profit, benefit, 6
dīvellō, -ere, -vellī, -vulsum: tear apart quidem: indeed, in fact, assuredly, certainly, 8
duo, duae, duo: two, 10 ratiō, -ōnis f.: plan, method, means, reason, 2
ēdō, -ere, ēdidī, ēditum: give out, put forth, 3 rēctus, -a, -um: direct, straight, 2
ēvādō, -ere, ēvāsī, ēvāsum: go out, escape, 9 respondeō, -ēre, -dī, -ōnsum: answer, 13
exīstimō (1): judge, consider, regard, think, 2 rūpēs, rūpis f.: rock, cliff, 6
explōrō (1): search out, explore, 2 somnus, -ī m.: sleep, 14
fāma, -ae f.: fame, reputation, report, rumor 7 tam: so, so much, so very, such, 8
fortūna, -ae f.: fortune, chance, luck, 3 temere: rashly
frangō, -ere, frēgī, frāctum: break, shatter terror, terrōris m.: terror, fright, 4
gladius, -ī m.: sword, 10 trānsfīgō, -fīgere, -fīxī, -fīxum: pierce, 4
horribilis, -e: horrible, dreadful, 11 Trōia, -ae f.: Troy, 9
hortor, -ārī, -ātus sum: encourage, urge, 4 vehementer: strongly, violently, ardently, 11
humī: on the ground, 2 vehō, -ere, vexī, vectum: convey, carry, 5
iniūria, -ae f.: wrong, insult, injustice, 2 vōx, vōcis, f.: voice, 9

1 redeuntēs: pres. pple red-eō 10 ut…exspectārent: that…; result

vī: irregular abl. means, vīs 11 nē…quidem: not even
dēpulsōs esse: pf. pass. inf. dēpellō omnī spē…dēpositā: abl. abs.
2 ut…licēret: that it be allowed; indirect 13 humī: on the ground; locative
command + dat. of interest somnō…dedit: gave himself to sleep
3 ubi...nāvis: ind. question, impf. subj. 14 quod: this; ‘which,’ d.o. of vīdisset
quā vectī essent: by which…; relative gerendae: of carrying out this matter
clause of characteristic, pf. pass. subj. 15 ōmittendum (esse): had to be omitted;
4 praecavendum esse: that he had to pass. periphastic in secondary sequence
beware; ‘it had to be guarded by him’ 16 nihil…agendum (esse): that; cf. l. 15
passive periphrastic (gerundive + sum) 18 prōfutūrum (esse): there would be no
governs a dat. of agent (sibi) benefit to him; adv. acc. or inner acc.
5 coniectam: PPP coniciō 20 nē…quidem: not even by ten men
frāctam esse: fem. nāvem is acc. subj. 21 hōc cōnātū: from…; abl. of separation
6 nūllō…datō: abl. abs., PPP dō 24 nē…dēmitterent: neg. ind. command
membrīs…dīvulsīs: abl. abs. animōs: courage; as often, in the plural
96 Ulysses

dēmōnstrāvit sē iam anteā ē multīs et magnīs perīculīs ēvāsisse, 1

neque dubium esse quīn in tantō discrīmine dī auxilium lātūrī
essent.

87. A PLAN FOR VENGEANCE 5

Ortā lūce Polyphēmus iam ē somnō excitātus idem quod hesternō
diē fēcit; correptīs enim duōbus ē reliquīs virīs carnem eōrum sine
morā dēvorāvit. Tum, cum saxum āmōvisset, ipse cum pecore suō
ex spēluncā prōgressus est; quod cum Graecī vidērent, magnam in
spem sē post paulum ēvāsūrōs vēnērunt. Mox tamen ab hāc spē 10
repulsī sunt; nam Polyphēmus, postquam omnēs ovēs exiērunt,
saxum in locum restituit. Reliquī omnī spē salūtis dēpositā lāmentīs
lacrimīsque sē dēdidērunt; Ulixēs vērō, quī, ut suprā
dēmōnstrāvimus, vir magnī fuit cōnsilī, etsī intellegēbat rem in
discrīmine esse, nōndum omnīnō dēspērābat. Tandem, postquam 15
diū haec tōtō animō cōgitāvit, hoc cōnsilium cēpit. Ē lignīs quae in
spēluncā reposita erant pālum magnum dēlēgit. Hunc summā cum
dīligentiā praeacūtum fēcit; tum, postquam sociīs quid fierī vellet
ostendit, reditum Polyphēmī exspectābat.
20
88. A GLASS TOO MUCH
Sub vesperum Polyphēmus ad spēluncam rediit, et eōdem modō
quō anteā cēnāvit. Tum Ulixēs ūtrem vīnī prompsit, quem forte (id
quod eī erat salūtī) sēcum attulerat; et postquam magnum pōculum
vīnō complēvit, mōnstrum ad bibendum prōvocāvit. Polyphēmus, 25
quī numquam anteā vīnum gustāverat, tōtum pōculum statim
 Ulysses 97

afferō, -ferre, attulī, allātum: carry to bring 5 lāmenta, -ōrum n.: lamentation
āmoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtum: move away, 5 lignum, -ī n.: wood, 3
anteā: before, earlier, formerly, previously, 7 lūx, lūcis f.: light, 6
bibō, -ere, bibī: drink, 4 mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14
carō, carnis f.: flesh, meat, 4 nam: for, 6
cēnō (1): dine, eat dinner, 2 nōndum: not yet, 4
cogitō (1): consider, think over numquam: never, at no time, 4
compleō, -ēre, -ēvī, -plētum: fill full or up omnīnō: altogether, wholely, entirely, 11
corripiō, -ere, -uī, -reptum: snatch (up), 6 orior, orīrī, ortus sum: arise, spring up, 5
dēdō, -ere, dēdidī: surrender, give up, 2 ostendō (1): show, display, 6
dēligō, -ere, -lēgī, -lectum: choose, select, 6 ovis, ovis f.: sheep, 6
dēmōnstrō (1): show, demonstrate, 13 pālus, -ī m.: stake, 2
dēpōnō, -ere, -suī, -situm: put down/aside, 9 pecus, pecoris n.: herd, flock, 4
dēspērō (1): despair, give up, 4 pōculum, -ī n.: cup, 7
dēvorō (1): swallow down, devour, 4 praeacūtus, -a, -um: very pointed or sharp
dīligentia, -ae f.: diligence, attentiveness, 5 prōmō, -ere, -mpsī, -mptum: bring out
discrīmen, -crīminis n.: crisis, peril, 5 prōvocō (1): call forth
diū: a long time, long, 13 que: and, 14
dubius, -a, -um: doubtful, uncertain, 3 quīn: nay (even), (but) that, 12
duo, duae, duo: two, 10 reditus, -ūs m.: return, 5
etsī: even if, although, though, 13 repellō, -ere, reppulī, -pulsum: drive back
ēvādō, -ere, ēvāsī, ēvāsum: go out, escape, 9 repōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum: put back, 2
excitō (1): excite, rouse, incite, 8 resistō, -ere, -stitī: resist, oppose; stand, 2
exeō, -īre, -iī, -itum: go out, 5 somnus, -ī m.: sleep, 14
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum: carry, endure, 10 sub: under, 4
fīō, fierī, factus sum: become, be made, 9 suprā: above, before, 6
fors, fortis f.: luck, chance; forte by chance, 2 ūter, ūtris m.: skin, wine-skin
gustō (1): taste, 2 vērō: in truth, in fact, certainly, 5
hesternus, -a, -um: of yesterday vesper, vesperī m.: evening, 4
lacrima, -ae f.: tear, 10

1 sē…ēvāsisse: that they had escaped; pf. 16 hoc cōnsilium cēpit: he adopted this plan
2 neque…quīn: there is not a doubt that… 18 fēcit: made (x) (y); double accusative
dī: the gods; deī, nom. pl. prae-acutum is a pred. accusative
3 lātūrī essent: plpf. pass. subj. ferō quid fierī vellet: what he wished to be
6 idem: the same thing; id-dem, acc. d.o. done; ind. quest; impf. subj. volō
hesternō diē: on…; abl. time when 22 sub: near
7 correptīs…duōbum: abl. abs.; duōbus is rediit: pf. red-eō
an alternate abl/dat. pl. ending eō-dem modō: in…; abl. of manner
9 progressus est: pf. dep. progredior 23 quō: in which; abl. of manner
quod: this; ‘which’ i.e. the situation forte: by chance; abl. as adverb
10 sē…ēvāsūrōs (esse): (namely) that…; 24 eī erat salūtī: because it served as a
fut. inf. in apposition to spem, ‘hope’ refuge for him; ‘because it was for refuge
post paulum: a little later; adverbs for him,’ double dat. (dat. of purpose and
12 omnī…dēpositā: abl. abs. dat. of interest)
lamentīs lacrimīsque: to…; dat. i.o. attulerat: plpf. af-ferō
13 vērō: in truth, truly; adv., in contrast 25 ad bibendum: for…; ad + acc. gerund
ut: as…; common for ut + indicative expresses purpose
14 magnī cōnsiliī: of…; gen. description
98 Ulysses

exhausit; quod cum fēcisset, tantam voluptātem percēpit ut iterum 1

et tertium pōculum rēplērī iusserit. Tum, cum quaesīvisset quō
nōmine Ulixēs appellārētur, ille respondit sē Nēminem appellārī;
quod cum audīvisset, Polyphēmus ita locūtus est: “Hanc tibi
grātiam prō tantō beneficiō referam; tē postrēmum omnium 5
dēvorābō.” Hoc cum dīxisset, cibō vīnōque gravis recubuit et brevī
tempore somnō oppressus est. Tum Ulixēs sociīs convocātīs,
"Habēmus," inquit, "quam petīvimus facultātem; nē igitur tantam
occāsiōnem reī gerendae omittāmus."
10
89. THE BLINDING OF POLYPHEMUS
Hāc ōrātiōne habitā, postquam extrēmum pālum ignī calefēcit,
oculum Polyphēmī dormientis ferventī lignō perfōdit; quō factō
omnēs in dīversās spēluncae partēs sē abdidērunt. At ille subitō illō
dolōre oculī ē somnō excitātus clāmōrem terribilem sustulit, et dum 15
per spēluncam errat, Ulixem manū prehendere cōnābātur; cum
tamen iam omnīnō caecus esset, nūllō modō hoc efficere potuit.
Intereā reliquī Cyclōpēs, clāmōre audītō, undique ad spēluncam
convēnērunt, et ad introitum adstantēs quid Polyphēmus ageret
quaesīvērunt, et quam ob causam tantum clāmōrem sustulisset. Ille 20
respondit sē graviter vulnerātum esse et magnō dolōre adficī. Cum
tamen posteā quaesīvissent quis eī vim intulisset, respondit ille
Nēminem id fēcisse; quibus rēbus audītīs ūnus ē Cyclōpibus: “At sī
nēmō,” inquit, “tē vulnerāvit, haud dubium est quīn cōnsiliō
deōrum, quibus resistere nec possumus nec volumus, hōc suppliciō 25
adficiāris.” Hoc cum dīxisset, abiērunt Cyclōpēs eum in insāniam
incidisse arbitrātī.
 Ulysses 99

abdō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: hide, put away, 3 loquor, loquī, locūtus sum: speak, address, 9
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itum: go away, depart, 6 nec: and not, nor, 10
adstō, -stāre, -stitī: stand at or near nēmō, nūllīus, nēminī, nēminem,
afficiō, -ere, -fēcī, fectum: influence, treat, 13 nūllō/nūllā: no one, 6
appellō (1): call (by name), name, 12 nōmen, nōminis, n.: name, 12
arbitror, -ārī, -ātus sum: judge, think, 11 ob: on account of (acc.), 13
beneficium, -iī n.: benefit, favor; kindness, 8 occāsiō, -iōnis f.: chance, opportunity, 6
caecus, -a, -um: blind, 2 oculus, -ī, m.: eye, 7
calefaciō, -ere, -fēcī, -factum: make hot omittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: neglect, omit, 6
cibus, -ī m.: food, 5 omnīnō: altogether, wholely, entirely, 11
clāmor, -ōris m.: shout, roar, applause, 4 opprimō, -ere, -pressī: overpower, 5
cōnor, cōnārī, cōnātus sum: try, attempt, 7 ōrātiō, -iōnis f.: speaking, speech, language, 2
cōnveniō, -īre, vēnī, ventum: come together 8 pālus, -ī m.: stake, 2
convocō (1): call together, 3 percipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: feel perceive 5
Cyclōps, Cyclōpis m.: Cyclops, 7 perfodiō, -ere, -fōdī, -fossum: dig through
dēvorō (1): swallow down, devour, 4 petō, petere, petīvī, petītum: seek, aim at, 10
dīversus, -a, -um: different, contrary pōculum, -ī n.: cup, 7
dormiō, -īre, -īvī: sleep, 8 posteā: after this, afterwards, 7
dubius, -a, -um: doubtful, uncertain, 3 postrēmus, -a, -um: last
efficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum: make, form, 3 prehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hēnsum: seize, 5
errō (1): wander, 3 prō: before, in front of, for, 9
excitō (1): excite, rouse, incite, 8 que: and, 14
exhauriō, -īre, -ausī, -austum: drink up quīn: nay (even), (but) that, 12
extrēmus, -a, -um: outermost, farthest, last, 2 recumbō, -ere, recubuī: lie back, lie down, 2
facultās, -tātis f.: ability, opportunity, 5 repleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētum: fill again, fill, 4
ferveō, -ēre: boil; glow resistō, -ere, -stitī: resist, oppose; stand, 2
grātia, -ae f.: graditude, favor, thanks, 10 respondeō, -ēre, -dī, -ōnsum: answer, 13
haud: by no means, not at all, 4 somnus, -ī m.: sleep, 14
ignis, ignis, m.: fire, 9 supplicium, -iī n.; punishment, supplication, 5
incidō, -ere, -cidī: fall into, fall upon, 3 terribilis, -e: terrible, dreadful, 5
īnferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātum: carry on, wage, 3 tertius, -a, -um: third, 2
inquam, inquis, inquit: say, 6 tollō, -ere, sustulī, sublātum: raise, lift up 10
īnsānia, -ae f.: insanity, madness tū: you, 10
intereā: meanwhile, 7 undique: from everywhere, from all sides, 7
introitus, -ūs m.: entrance, 6 volō (1): fly, 3
iterum: again, a second time, 3 voluptās, -tātis f.: pleasure, delight, 2
lignum, -ī n.: wood, 3 vulnerō (1): wound, injure, 7

1 quod: this; ‘which’ obj. of fēcisset 8 quam: relative adj., ‘what opportunity,’ or
ut…iusserit: that…; result clause with relative pronoun, ‘the opportunity which’
perfect subj. iubeō, translate in pf. tense nē…ōmittāmum: let us not…; neg. jussive
2 quō nōmine: with…; abl. means introduces 9 gerendae: of carrying out…; gerundive
an indirect question modifies reī; use a gerundive-gerund flip
3 Nēminem: acc. predicate of pass. appellārī 12 hāc…habitā: this speech made; idiom
4 quod: this; ‘which’ obj. of appellār ignī: abl. of means, 3rd decl. i-stem noun
tibi: dat. ind. object of referam 13 ferventī: abl., 3rd decl. i-stem adj. (pple)
5 referam: 1s future, referō quō factō: abl. abs. translate quō as ‘this’
6 cibō vīnōque: with…; abl. cause with gravis 15 sustulit: raised; pf. tollō, see also l. 20
brevī tempore: in…; abl. time when 19 adstantēs: standing near; pres. pple
7 oppressus est: was overcome 24 haud…quin: it is by means doubtful that
sociīs convocātīs: abl. abs. or dat. i.o. 25 quibum: whom; dat. of compound verb
100 Ulysses

90. THE ESCAPE 1

Polyphēmus, ubi sociōs suōs abiisse sēnsit, furōre atque āmentiā
impulsus Ulixem iterum quaerere coepit; tandem cum portam
invēnisset, saxum quō obstrūcta erat āmovit, ut pecus in agrōs
exīret. Tum ipse in introitū cōnsēdit, et ut quaeque ovis ad hunc 5
locum vēnerat, eius tergum manibus tractābat, nē virī inter ovēs
exīre possent. Quod cum animadvertisset Ulixēs, intellēxit omnem
spem salūtis in dolō magis quam in virtūte pōnī. Itaque hoc
cōnsilium iniit. Prīmum trēs quās vīdit pinguissimās ex ovibus
dēlēgit, quās cum inter sē vīminibus coniūnxisset, ūnum ex sociīs 10
suīs ventribus eārum ita subiēcit ut omnīnō latēret; deinde ovēs
hominem sēcum ferentēs ad portam ēgit. Id accidit quod fore
suspicātus erat. Polyphēmus enim postquam terga ovium manibus
tractāvit, eās praeterīre passus est. Ulixēs ubi rem tam fēlīciter
ēvēnisse vīdit, omnēs sociōs suōs ex ōrdine eōdem modō ēmīsit; 15
quō factō ipse novissimus ēvāsit.

91. OUT OF DANGER

Hīs rēbus ita cōnfectīs, Ulixēs veritus nē Polyphēmus fraudem
sentīret, cum sociīs quam celerrimē ad lītus contendit; quō cum 20
vēnissent, ab eīs quī nāvī praesidiō relictī erant magnā cum laetitiā
exceptī sunt. Hī enim cum anxiīs animīs iam trēs diēs continuōs
reditum eōrum exspectāvissent, suspicātī (id quidem quod erat) eōs
in aliquod perīculum magnum incidisse, ipsī auxiliandī causā
 Ulysses 101

abeō, -īre, -iī, -itum: go away, depart, 6 itaque: and so, 8

accidō, -ere, accidī: happen, fall (on)to, 8 iterum: again, a second time, 3
ager, -grī m.: land, field, territory, 11 laetitia, -ae f.: joy, happiness, 3
agō, agere, ēgī, āctum: drive, lead, spend, 13 lateō, -ēre, -uī: lie hidden
aliquī, -qua, -quod: some, any, definite, 3 magis: more, rather
āmentia, -ae f.: madness, 2 novus, -a, -um: new, 4
āmoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtum: move away, 5 obstruō, -ere, -ūxī, -ūctum: block, close off 4
animadvertō, -ere: turn mind to, notice, 6 omnīnō: altogether, wholely, entirely, 11
anxius, -a, -um: anxious, 3 ōrdō, ōrdinis m.: arrangement, order, rank
auxilior, -ārī, -ātus sum: help ovis, ovis f.: sheep, 6
coniungō, -ere, -nxī, -nctum: join together, 2 passus, -ūs: pace, 7
cōnsīdō, -ere, -sēdī, sessum: sit down, settle pecus, pecoris n.: herd, flock, 4
contendō, -ere, -ī, -tum: hasten; fight, 11 pinguis, -e: fat
continuus, -a, -um: continuous, successive, 2 pōnō, -ere, posuī, positum: place, put, 5
deinde: then, thereupon, 8 porta, -ae f.: gate, 7
dēligō, -ere, -lēgī, -lectum: choose, select, 6 praesidium, -iī n.: protection, guard, 3
dolus, -ī m.: trick, deceit, 4 praetereō, -īre, -īvī, -itum: go pass, pass by
ēmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: send out, 2 quidem: indeed, in fact, assuredly, certainly, 8
ēvādō, -ere, ēvāsī, ēvāsum: go out, escape, 9 quisque, quidque: each one, each person, 3
ēveniō, -īre: turn out, happen, 8 reditus, -ūs m.: return, 5
excipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptum: take out, receive 9 relinquō, -ere, -līquī, -lictum: leave behind, 9
exeō, -īre, -iī, -itum: go out, 5 subiciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectum: cast under
fēlīciter: happily, fortunately, 3 suspicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum: suspect, mistrust, 7
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum: carry, endure, 10 tam: so, so much, so very, such, 8
fraus, fraudis f.: fraud, deception, 2 tergum, -ī n.: back, 8
furor, -ōris m.: rage, fury, madness, 4 tractō (1): handle, touch, 2
impellō, -ere, pulī, pulsum: drive on, incite, 3 trēs, tria: three, 9
incidō, -ere, -cidī: fall into, fall upon, 3 venter, ventris m.: belly
ineō, -īre, -iī, -itum: go into, enter, 4 vereor, -ērī, -itum: be afraid, fear; revere, 5
inter: between, among (+ acc.), 10 vīmen, vīminis n.: willow
introitus, -ūs m.: entrance, 6 virtūs, -ūtis f.: valor, manhood, excellence, 10
inveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum: find, discover 8

1 abiisse: pf. inf. ab-eō in ind. discourse ita…ut: in such a way…that; result clause
3 quō: by which; abl. mean 12 ferentēs: pres. pple, ferō
4 obstrūcta erat: it…; supply porta as subject ēgit: pf. agō
ut…exīret: so that…; purpose, exeō Id…suspicātus erat: it happened as he
5 ut: as…; as often, ut + indicative had suspected that it would be; ‘that which
quaeque: each; nom. sg. modifies fem. ovis he had suspected would be happened’; id
6 nē…possent: neg. purpose, impf. possum is subject; fore (~futūrum esse) is fut. inf.
7 quod: this; ‘which’ 13 ovium: of the sheep; i-stem gen. pl.
8 magis quam: more than; magis is an adv. 14 eās: them; i.e. the sheep
pōnī: was placed; pres. pass. inf. pōnō passus est: allowed; pf. dep. patior
9 iniit: he initiated; pf. in-eō 16 quō factō: this done; abs.: ‘which done’
prīmum: first; adverb novissimum: last; ‘most recent’
trēs: supply acc. pl. ovēs 19 nē: lest…realize; fearing clause
pinguissimās: superlative adj. 20 quō: there; “to where”
10 quās cum: when…these (sheep) nāvī praesidiō: as protection for the ship;
inter sē: one another double dat. (dat. interest + dat purpose)
11 suīs ventribum: under…; dat compound 23 id…erat: (that which indeed was true)
of verb 24 auxiliandī…: for the sake of helping
102 Ulysses

ēgredī parābant. Tum Ulixēs nōn satis tūtum arbitrātus in eō locō 1

manēre, quam celerrimē proficīscī cōnstituit. Iussit igitur omnēs
nāvem cōnscendere, et ancorīs sublātīs paulum ā lītore in altum
prōvectus est. Tum magnā vōce exclāmāvit: "Tū, Polyphēme, quī
iūra hospitī spernis, iūstam et dēbitam poenam immānitātis tuae 5
solvistī." Hāc vōce audītā Polyphēmus īrā vehementer commōtus
ad mare sē contulit, et ubi nāvem paulum ā lītore remōtam esse
intellēxit, saxum ingēns manū correptum in eam partem coniēcit
unde vōcem venīre sēnsit. Graecī autem, etsī nōn multum āfuit
quīn submergerentur, nūllō damnō acceptō cursum tenuērunt. 10

92. THE COUNTRY OF THE WINDS

Pauca mīlia passuum ab eō locō prōgressus Ulixēs ad īnsulam
Aeoliam nāvem appulit. Haec patria erat ventōrum,
15
“Hīc vastō rēx Aeolus antrō
luctantēs ventōs tempestātēsque sonōrās
imperiō premit ac vinclīs et carcere frēnat.”

Ibi rēx ipse Graecōs hospitiō excēpit, atque eīs persuāsit ut ad 20

recuperandās vīrēs paucōs diēs in eā regiōne commorārentur.
Septimō diē, cum sociī ē labōribus sē recēpissent, Ulixēs, nē annī
tempore ā nāvigātiōne exclūderētur, sibi sine morā proficīscendum
statuit. Tum Aeolus, quī sciēbat Ulixem cupidissimum esse patriae
videndae, eī iam profectūrō magnum saccum ē coriō cōnfectum 25
dedit, in quō ventōs omnēs praeter ūnum inclūserat. Zephyrum
tantum solverat, quod ille ventus ab īnsulā Aeoliā ad Ithacam
 Ulysses 103

absum, -esse, āfuī: be away, be absent, 7 nāvigātiō, -ōnis f.: sailing, voyage, 2
Aeolia, -ae f.: Aeolia, 2 passus, -ūs: pace, 7
Aeolus, -ī m.: Aeolus, 2 patria, -ae f.: fatherland, country, 8
altus, -a, -um: high, lofty, tall, 2 persuādeō, -ēre, -suāsī, -suāsum: persuade, 9
ancora, ancorae f.: anchor, 7 poena, poenae, f.: punishment, 3
antrum, -ī n.: cave praeter: except, besides, 2
appellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsum: drive (to), 14 premō, -ere, pressī, pressum: press, check
arbitror, -ārī, -ātus sum: judge, think, 11 prōvehō, -ere, -vexī, -vectum: carry forth, 3
carcer, -eris m.: prison que: and, 14
commoror, -ārī, -ātus sum: delay, linger, 3 quīn: nay (even), (but) that, 12
cōnscendō, -ere, -ndī, -nsum: climb aboard, 6 recipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: accept, take
corium, -ī n.: hide, leather back, 8
corripiō, -ere, -uī, -reptum: snatch (up), 6 recuperō (1): recover
cupidus, -a, -um: desirous, eager removeō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtum: remove
cursus, -ūs m.: course, running, haste, 10 saccus, -ī m.: sack, bag, 5
damnum, -ī n.: harm, injury satis: enough, sufficient, 6
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, debitum: owe; ought, 2 sciō, -īre, -īvī (iī), -ītum: know, understand, 9
etsī: even if, although, though, 13 septimus, -a, -um: seventh, 2
excipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptum: take out, receive 9 sonōrus, -a, -um: sounding, loud, noisy
exclāmō (1): cry out, 3 spernō, -ere, sprēvī, sprētum: spurn, reject
exclūdō, -ere, -ūsī, -ūsum: shut out, hinder, 2 statuō, -ere, -uī, -ūtum: establish, build, 3
frēnō (1): bridle, restrain submergō, -ere, -mersī, -mersum: sink
hospitium, ī n.: hospitality, 5 teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentum: hold, keep 13
immānitās, -tātis f.: cruelity tollō, -ere, sustulī, sublātum: raise, lift up 10
imperium, -iī n.: power to command, rule, 2 tū: you, 10
inclūdō, -ere, -ūsī, -ūsum: close in, shut in, 7 tūtus, -a, -um: safe, secure, 3
īra, īrae f.: anger, 12 tuus, -a, -um: your, yours, 3
Ithaca, -ae f.: Ithaca, 3 unde: whence, from which source, 6
iūs, iūris n.: justice, law, right, 4 vāstus, -a, -um: waste, huge, enormous
iūstus, -a, -um: just vehementer: strongly, violently, ardently, 11
luctor, -ārī, -ātus sum: wrestle, struggle ventus, -ī m.: wind, 10
maneō, -ēre, mānsī, mansūrum: stay, wait, 9 vinculum, -ī n.: bond, chain, 4
mīlle (pl. mīlia): thousand, 7 vōx, vōcis, f.: voice, 9
mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14 Zephyrus, -ī m.: Zephyrus

1 ēgredī: pres. dep. complementary inf. 16 Hīc vastō…frēnat: prose word order: ‘Hīc
satis tūtum: that it is safe enough; add esse in vastō antrō Aeōlus imperiō premit ac
2 quam celerrimē: as fast as possible vinclīs et carcere frēnat luctantēs ventōs et
proficīscī: pres. dep. inf. tempestātēs sonōrās”
3 ancorīs sublātīs: abl. abs., PPP tollō 19 imperiō premit: checks with his power
paulum: a little; adverb vinclīs et carcere: with chains and prison
in altum: the sea; ‘into the deep (water)’ 20 hospitiō: with hospitality; abl. of manner
4 magnā vōce: with a loud…; abl. manner ut…commorārentur: that…; result
Polyphēme: vocative, direct. address ad…vīrēs: for…;employ a gerundive-
5 immānitātis tuae: for…; gen. of crime gerund flip and translate this gerundive
6 solvistī: you have paid (adj). as a gerund with an object
7 sē contulit: carried himself; pf. conferō 22 sē recēpissent: had retreated; idiom
8 correptum: grabbed; modifies saxum nē…: so that…might not; neg. purpose
9 nōn…quīn: not very far from being 23 proficīscendum (esse): that he had to
drowned; multum is an adv. acc. set out; pass. periphrastic with dat. agent
13 mīlia passuum: few miles; acc. extent 25 profectūrō: the one about to set out
104 Ulysses

nāvigantī est secundus. Ulixēs hoc dōnum libenter accēpit, et 1

grātiīs prō tantō beneficiō actīs saccum ad mālum alligāvit. Tum
omnibus rēbus ad profectiōnem parātīs merīdiānō ferē tempore ē
portū solvit.
5
93. THE WIND-BAG
Novem diēs secundissimō ventō cursum tenuērunt, iamque in
cōnspectum patriae suae vēnerant, cum Ulixēs lassitūdine
cōnfectus (ipse enim gubernābat) ad quiētem capiendam recubuit.
At sociī, quī iam dūdum mīrābantur quid in illō saccō inclūsum 10
esset, cum ducem somnō oppressum vidērent, tantam occāsiōnem
nōn omittendam arbitrātī sunt; crēdēbant enim aurum et argentum
ibi esse cēlāta. Itaque spē lucrī adductī saccum sine morā solvērunt,
quō factō ventī
“velut agmine factō, 15
quā data porta, ruunt et terrās turbine perflant.”

Hīc tanta tempestās subitō coörta est ut illī cursum tenēre nōn
possent sed in eandem partem unde erant profectī referrentur.
Ulixēs ē somnō excitātus quō in locō rēs esset statim intellēxit; 20
saccum solūtum, Ithacam post tergum relictam vīdit. Tum vērō īrā
vehementer exārsit sociōsque obiurgābat quod cupiditāte pecūniae
adductī spem patriae videndae prōiēcissent.

94. A DRAWING OF LOTS 25

Brevī spatiō intermissō, Graecī īnsulae cuidam appropinquāvērunt
in quā Circē, fīlia Sōlis, habitābat. Quō cum nāvem appulisset,
Ulixēs in terram frūmentandī causā ēgrediendum esse statuit; nam
cognōverat frūmentum quod in nāvī habērent iam dēficere. Sociīs
 Ulysses 105

addūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ctum: lead to, bring, 8 mīror, -ārī, -ātus sum: be amazed at, 7
agmen, agminis n.: formation, battle line mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14
agō, agere, ēgī, āctum: drive, lead, spend, 13 nam: for, 6
alligō (1): bind to, tie to, 2 nāvigō (1): sail, 5
appellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsum: drive (to), 14 novem: nine, 3
appropinquō (1): come near, approach, 8 obiurgō (1): child, scold, reproach, 2
arbitror, -ārī, -ātus sum: judge, think, 11 occāsiō, -iōnis f.: chance, opportunity, 6
argentum, -ī n.: silver omittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: neglect, omit, 6
aurum, -ī n.: gold, 3 opprimō, -ere, -pressī: overpower 5
beneficium, -iī n.: benefit, favor; kindness, 8 patria, -ae f.: fatherland, country, 8
cēlō (1): hide, conceal, 5 pecūnia, -ae f.: money
cōnspectus, -ūs m.: sight, view, 6 perflō (1): blow over
coörior, coörīrī, coörtus sum: arise, 4 porta, -ae f.: gate, 7
crēdō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: believe, trust, 2 portus, -ūs m.: harbort, port, 3
cupiditās, -tātis f.: desire, passion, 5 prō: before, in front of, for, 9
cursus, -ūs m.: course, running, haste, 10 profectiō, -tiōnis f.: departure, start, 3
dēficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum: fail, 3 prōiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectum: throw forth, 4
dōnum, -ī n.: gift, 6 que: and, 14
dūdum: + iam, for a while, a long time, 2 quiēs, quiētis f.: rest, repose, sleep, 5
dux, ducis m/f.: leader, guide, chieftain, 5 recumbō, -ere, recubuī: lie back, lie down, 2
exārdēscō, -ere, -ārsī, -ārsum: catch fire, 2 relinquō, -ere, -līquī, -lictum: leave behind, 9
excitō (1): excite, rouse, incite, 8 ruō, -ere, ruī: rush, 2
ferē: almost, nearly, closely saccus, -ī m.: sack, bag, 5
frūmentor, -ārī, -ātus sum: get grain, forage secundus, -a, -um: following, favorable, 2
frūmentum, -ī n.: grain, 4 sōl, sōlis m.: sun, 10
grātia, -ae f.: graditude, favor, thanks, 10 somnus, -ī m.: sleep, 14
gubernō (1): steer, direct spatium, -iī n.: space, span, extent, 6
inclūdō, -ere, -ūsī, -ūsum: close in, shut in, 7 statuō, -ere, -uī, -ūtum: establish, build, 3
intermittō, -ere: interrupt, break off, 5 teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentum: hold, keep 13
īra, īrae f.: anger, 12 tergum, -ī n.: back, 8
itaque: and so, 8 turbō, turbinis m.: whirlwind, 1
Ithaca, -ae f.: Ithaca, 3 unde: whence, from which source, 6
lassitūdō, -inis f.: weariness, 2 vehementer: strongly, violently, ardently, 11
libenter: gladly, willingly, 12 velut: just as, even as, as
lucrum, -ī n.: gain, profit; money ventus, -ī m.: wind, 10
mālus, -ī m.: mast, pole vērō: in truth, in fact, certainly, 5
merīdiānus, -a, -um: midday, of the noon

1 nāvigantī…secundum: favorable to the 12 ōmittendam (esse): must not be neglected;

one sailing; dative of interest, pres. pple. passive periphrastic in indirect discourse
2 grātiīs…actīs: abl. abs. PPP agō, “given” 13 cēlāta (esse): two neuter acc. are subject
3 omnibus…parātīs: abl. abs. adductī: drawn; PPP, nom. pl.
ad: for 15 velut: just as…; the winds are likened to
merīdiānō…tempore: abl. time when troops sacking a city; from Aeneid I.82-84
4 solvit: set sail agmine factō: abl. abs.
7 Novem diēs: for…; acc. duration of time 16 quā data (est) porta: where…; relative cl.
9 confectum: exhausted 21 solūtum (et)… loosened and
ad…capidendum: take rest; “for 22 quod…prōiēcissent: subj., alleged cause
taking,” use a gerund-gerundive flip 23 …videndae: of…; gerundive-gerund flip
10 quid: what…; ind. question plpf. pass. 27 Quō: there; “to where”
subjunctive: translate in plpf. pass. tense 28 ēgrediendum esse: (they) had to
11 oppressum: overcome; PPP opprimō disembark; pass. periphrastic
106 Ulysses

igitur ad sē convocātīs quō in locō rēs esset et quid fierī vellet 1

ostendit. Cum tamen omnēs memoriā tenērent quam crūdēlī morte
necātī essent eī quī nūper ē nāvī ēgressī essent, nēmō repertus est
quī hoc negōtium suscipere vellet. Quae cum ita essent, rēs ad
contrōversiam dēducta est. Tandem Ulixēs cōnsēnsū omnium 5
sociōs in duās partēs dīvīsit, quārum alterī Eurylochus, vir summae
virtūtis, alterī ipse praeesset. Tum hī inter sē sortītī sunt uter in
terram ēgrederētur. Hōc factō, Eurylochō sorte ēvēnit ut cum
duōbus et vigintī sociīs rem susciperet.
10
95. THE HOUSE OF THE ENCHANTRESS
Hīs rēbus ita cōnstitūtīs eī quī sortītī erant in interiōrem partem
īnsulae profectī sunt. Tantus tamen timor animōs eōrum
occupāverat ut nihil dubitārent quīn mortī obviam īrent. Vix
quidem poterant eī quī in nāvī relictī erant lacrimās tenēre; 15
crēdēbant enim sē sociōs suōs numquam post hoc tempus visūrōs.
Illī autem aliquantum itineris prōgressī ad vīllam quandam
pervēnērunt summā magnificentiā aedificātam, cuius ad ōstium
cum adiissent, cantum dulcissimum audīvērunt. Tanta autem fuit
eius vōcis dulcēdō ut nūllō modō retinērī possent quīn iānuam 20
pulsārent. Hōc factō ipsa Circē forās exiit, et summā cum
benignitāte omnēs in hospitium invītāvit. Eurylochus īnsidiās sibi
comparārī suspicātus forīs exspectāre cōnstituit, sed reliquī reī
novitāte adductī intrāvērunt. Cēnam magnificam omnibus rēbus
instrūctam invēnērunt et iussū dominae libentissimē accubuērunt. 25
 Ulysses 107

accumbō, -ere, accubuī,: lie (at dinner), 4 invītō (1): invite

addūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ctum: lead to, bring, 8 lacrima, -ae f.: tear, 10
adeō, -īre, -i(v)ī: go to, approach, 4 libenter: gladly, willingly, 12
aedificō (1): make a building, build, 2 magnificentia, ae f.: splendor, magnificence
aliquantum, -ī n.: somewhat, a little, 2 magnificus, -a, -um: splendid, magnificent, 2
alter, -era, -erum: other (of two), second, 7 memoria, -ae f.: memory, 4
benignitās, -tātis f.: kindness mors, mortis, f.: death, 9
cantus, -ūs m.: song, singing necō (1): kill, slay, put to death, 9
cēna, -ae f.: dinner, 5 negōtium, iī n.: task, business, occupation, 13
comparō (1): prepare, collect, 4 nēmō, nūllīus, nēminī, nēminem,
cōnsēnsus, -ūs m.: agreement, consent nūllō/nūllā: no one, 6
contrōversia, -ae f.: dispute, controversy, 2 nihil: nothing, 14
convocō (1): call together, 3 novitās, -tātis f.: newness, novelty, 3
crēdō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: believe, trust, 2 numquam: never, at no time, 4
crūdēlis, -e: cruel, bitter, bloody, 6 nūper: recently, lately, not long ago, 2
dēdūcō, -ere: lead or bring down, launch, 10 obviam: in the way of, opposite to (+ dat.) 3
dīvidō, -ere, -vīsī, -vīsum: divide, separate, 3 occupō (1): occupy, seize, 8
domina, -ae f.: mistress ostendō (1): show, display, 6
dubitō (1): hestitate, doubt, 5 ōstium, -iī n.: mouth, entrance, 3
dulcēdō, -inis f.: sweetness praesum, -esse, -fuī: be before, preside over 2
dulcis, -e: sweet, dear, fresh, 2 pulsō (1): strike against, knock, 3
duo, duae, duo: two, 10 quīn: nay (even), (but) that, 12
eō, īre, iī (īvī), itūrum: go, 3 relinquō, -ere, -līquī, -lictum: leave behind, 9
Eurylochus, -ī m.: Eurylochus, 6 reperiō, -īre, repperī, repertum: find, 9
ēveniō, -īre: turn out, happen, 8 retineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold/keep back, 3
exeō, -īre, -iī, -itum: go out, 5 sors, sortis f.: lot
fīō, fierī, factus sum: become, be made, 9 sortiō, -īre, -īvī, sortītum: choose by lot, 2
forās: out of doors suscipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: undertake, 14
forīs: outdoors, out of doors suspicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum: suspect, mistrust, 7
hospitium, ī n.: hospitality, 5 teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentum: hold, keep 13
iānua, -ae f.: door, 2 uter, utra, utrum: which (of two)?
īnsidiae, -ārum f.: ambush, 2 vīgintī: twenty
īnstruō, -ere, -ūxī, -ūctum: equip, draw up, 6 vīlla, -ae f.: country-house, villa, 2
inter: between, among (+ acc.), 10 virtūs, -ūtis f.: valor, manhood, excellence, 10
interior, -ium: interior, 3 vix: with difficulty, with effort, scarcely, 5
intrō (1): go into, enter, 7 vōx, vōcis, f.: voice, 9
inveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum: find, discover 8

1 convocātīs: PPP in abl. abs. 8 Eurylochō: for Eurylochus; dat. of interest

quō…esset: in quō locō, ind. question ēvēnit ut: it turned out that; noun result cl.
quid fierī: what she wanted to be done; inf. 14 ut…dubitārent: that…; result clause
fiō, impf. subj. volō nihil dubitārent quīn: they did not at all
2 memoriā: in memory; abl. means doubt that; quīn follows “nōn dubitō”
quam…morte: with how cruel a death… īrent: impf. subj. eō, clause of doubt
3 eī quī: those who…; eī subject of necō 15 eī quī: those who…; nom. subject
4 vellet: impf. subj. volō (inf. velle) tenēre: hold back; i.e. restrain
Quae cum: since these things are so; ‘as a 16 visūrōs (esse): fut. inf. videō
result’ 18 summā magnificentiā: with..; manner
6 alterī…alterī: one…the other; dat. of 20 nūllō modō: in no way; abl. manner
compound impf. praeesset, ‘was over’ 23 reī novitāte: by the novelty of the affair
7 uter: which (of the two)…; ind. question 25 īnstrūctam: equipped with all things
108 Ulysses

At Circē vīnum quod servī apposuērunt medicāmentō quōdam 1

miscuerat; quod cum Graecī bibissent, gravī somnō subitō oppressī
sunt.

96. THE CHARM 5

Tum Circē, quae artis magicae summam scientiam habēbat, baculō
aureō quod gerēbat capita eōrum tetigit; quō factō omnēs in porcōs
subitō conversī sunt. Intereā Eurylochus ignārus quid in aedibus
agerētur ad ōstium sedēbat; postquam tamen ad sōlis occāsum
anxiō animō et sollicitō exspectāvit, sōlus ad nāvem regredī 10
cōnstituit. Eō cum vēnisset, sollicitūdine ac timōre tam perturbātus
fuit ut quae vīdisset vix dīlūcidē nārrāre posset. Ulixēs autem satis
intellēxit sociōs suōs in perīculō versārī, et gladiō correptō
Eurylochō imperāvit ut sine morā viam ad istam domum
dēmōnstrāret. Ille tamen multīs cum lacrimīs Ulixem complexus 15
obsecrāre coepit nē in tantum perīculum sē committeret; sī quid
gravius eī accidisset, omnium salūtem in summō discrīmine
futūram. Ulixēs autem respondit sē nēminem invītum sēcum
adductūrum; eī licēre, sī māllet, in nāvī manēre; sē ipsum sine ūllō
praesidiō rem susceptūrum. Hoc cum magnā vōce dīxisset, ē nāvī 20
dēsiluit et nūllō sequente sōlus in viam sē dedit.

97. THE COUNTERCHARM

Aliquantum itineris prōgressus ad vīllam magnificam pervēnit,
quam cum oculīs perlūstrāsset, statim intrāre statuit; intellēxit enim 25
hanc esse eandem domum dē quā Eurylochus mentiōnem fēcisset.
 Ulysses 109

accidō, -ere, accidī: happen, fall (on)to, 8 misceō, -ēre, -uī, mīxtum: mix, mingle
addūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ctum: lead to, bring, 8 mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14
aedis, -is f.: temple, pl. house nārrō (1): narrate, relate, 7
aliquantum, -ī n.: somewhat, 2 obsecrō (1): beseech, implore, entreat, 5
anxius, -a, -um: anxious, 3 occāsus, -ūs m.: fall, destruction, 4
appōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum: set before, 3 oculus, -ī, m.: eye, 7
ars, artis f.: skill, craft, art, 5 opprimō, -ere, -pressī: overpower 5
aureus, -a, -um: golden, 13 ōstium, -iī n.: mouth, entrance, 3
baculum, -ī n.: staff, wand, 4 perlūstrō (1): look over, examine, 2
bibō, -ere, bibī: drink, 4 perturbō (1): trouble, greatly disturb, 2
committō, -mittere, -mīsī: commit, entrust, 6 porcus, -ī m.: pig, swine, 5
complector, -plectī, -plexus sum: embrace, 3 praesidium, -iī n.: protection, guard, 3
convertō, -ere, -ī, -rsum: turn (around), 6 regredior, -gredī, -gressus sum: step back
corripiō, -ere, -uī, -reptum: snatch (up), 6 respondeō, -ēre, -dī, -ōnsum: answer, 13
dēmōnstrō (1): show, demonstrate, 13 satis: enough, sufficient, 6
dēsiliō, -īre, -siluī, -sultum: jump down scientia, -ae f.: knowledge, wisdom, 6
dīlūcidē: distinctly, plainly sedeō, -ēre, sēdī, sessum: sit, 6
discrīmen, -crīminis n.: crisis, peril, 5 sequor, -ī, secūtus sum: follow; attend, 4
domus, -ūs f.: house, home, dwelling, 11 servus, -ī, m.: slave, 2
Eurylochus, -ī m.: Eurylochus, 6 sōl, sōlis m.: sun, 10
gladius, -ī m.: sword, 10 sollicitūdō, sollicitūdinis f.: anxiety, worry
ignārus, -a, -um: ignorant, not knowing sollicitus, -a, -um: troubled, anxious
imperō (1): order, command, 12 sōlus, -a, -um: alone, only, lone, sole, 6
intereā: meanwhile, 7 somnus, -ī m.: sleep, 14
intrō (1): go into, enter, 7 statuō, -ere, -uī, -ūtum: establish, build, 3
invītus, -a, -um: unwilling, 2 suscipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: undertake, 14
iste, ista, istud: that or those (of yours), 7 tam: so, so much, so very, such, 8
lacrima, -ae f.: tear, 10 tangō, -ere, tetigī, tāctum: touch, 3
licet, -ēre, -uit: is allowed, permitted, 5 ūllus, -a, -um: any, 3
magicus, -a, -um: magic, 5 versor (1): be engaged, move about, live, 3
magnificus, -a, -um: splendid, magnificent, 2 via, -ae, f.: way, road, 4
malō, malle, maluī: prefer vīlla, -ae f.: country-house, villa, 2
maneō, -ēre, mānsī, mansūrum: stay, wait, 9 vix: with difficulty, with effort, scarcely, 5
medicāmentum, -ī n.: drug, potion vōx, vōcis, f.: voice, 9
mentiō, -tiōnis f.: mention, 2

2 quod: this; ‘which, obj. of bibissent ēvēnit: it turned out that; noun result cl.
gravī somnō: abl. means; i-stem adj. 14 imperāvit: ordered (dat) that…; governs
7 quō factō: this done; abl. abs. a dat. and ind. command (ut + subj.)
8 quid in aedibus agerētur: what was 16 nē…sē committeret: not to entrust
done in the house; ind. question governed himself…; ‘that…not,’ ind. command
by the adjective ignarus sī quid: if anything more serious; quid is
9 ad ōstium: near the entrance indefinite before sī; comparative adj.
11 Eō: there; adverb 17 futūram (esse)…adductūrum (esse):
tam perturbātum: so upset; predicate susceptūrum (esse): all fut. infinitives
12 ut…posset: that…; result, impf. subj. in successive ind. discourse
quae vīdisset: (the things) which he 19 eī licēre: that it is allowed for him
had seen; relative of characteristic, the sī māllet: if he preferred; impf. subj. mālō
missing antecedent is obj. of narrāre sē…susceptūrum (esse): fut. inf.
13 sociōs…versārī: that…; pres. dep. inf. in 21 nūllō sequente: no one…; abl. abs.
ind. discourse
110 Ulysses

At cum in eō esset ut līmen intrāret, subitō eī obviam stetit 1

adulēscēns fōrmā pulcherrimā aureum baculum gerēns. Hic Ulixem
iam domum intrantem manū corripuit et, “Quō ruis?” inquit.
“Nōnne scīs hanc esse Circēs domum? Hīc inclūsī sunt amīcī tuī ex
hūmānā speciē in porcōs conversī. Num vīs ipse in eandem 5
calamitātem venīre?" Ulixēs simul ac vōcem audīvit, deum
Mercurium agnōvit; nūllīs tamen precibus ab īnstitūtō cōnsiliō
dēterrērī potuit. Quod cum Mercurius sēnsisset, herbam quandam
eī dedit, quam contrā carmina multum valēre dicēbat. “Hanc cape,”
inquit, “et ubi Circē tē baculō tetigerit, tū strictō gladiō impetum in 10
eam vidē ut faciās.” Mercurius postquam fīnem loquendī fēcit,

“mortālis vīsūs mediō sermōne relīquit,

et procul in tenuem ex oculīs ēvānuit auram.”
15
98. THE ENCHANTRESS IS FOILED
Brevī intermissō spatiō Ulixēs ad omnia perīcula subeunda parātus
iānuam pulsāvit, et foribus patefactīs ab ipsā Circē benignē
exceptus est. Omnia eōdem modō atque anteā facta sunt. Cēnam
magnificē īnstrūctam vīdit et accumbere iussus est. Mox, ubi famēs 20
cibō depulsa est, Circē pōculum aureum vīnō replētum Ulixī dedit.
Ille etsī suspicātus est venēnum sibi parātum esse, pōculum
exhausit; quō factō Circē postquam caput eius baculō tetigit, ea
verba locūta est quibus sociōs eius anteā in porcōs converterat. Rēs
 Ulysses 111

accumbō, -ere, accubuī,: lie (at dinner), 4 intrō (1): go into, enter, 7
adulēscēns, -entis: young (man), youth(ful), 3 līmen, līminis n.: threshold
agnōscō, -ere, -nōvī, -nōtum: recognize, 4 loquor, loquī, locūtus sum: speak, address, 9
amīcus, -ī m.: friend, 6 magnificē: magnificently, splendidly
anteā: before, earlier, formerly, previously, 7 medius, -a, -um: middle of, 10
aura, -ae f.: air, breeze Mercurius, -ī m.: Mercury, 8
aureus, -a, -um: golden, 13 mortālis, -e: mortal
baculum, -ī n.: staff, wand, 4 nōnne: introduces a yes/no question
benignus, -a, -um: kind, 4 num: question expecting negative answer, 2
calamitās, -tātis f.: misfortune, calamity obviam: in the way of, opposite to (+ dat.) 3
carmen, carminis n.: song, 2 oculus, -ī, m.: eye, 7
cēna, -ae f.: dinner, 5 patefaciō, -ere, -fēcī, -factum: lay open, 2
cibus, -ī m.: food, 5 pōculum, -ī n.: cup, 7
contrā: against (+ acc.), 7 porcus, -ī m.: pig, swine, 5
convertō, -ere, -ī, -rsum: turn (around), 6 precēs, -um f. pl.: prayer, entreaty, 3
corripiō, -ere, -uī, -reptum: snatch (up), 6 procul: from afar, from a distance, 5
dēpellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsum: drive away, 3 pulcher, -chra, -chrum: beautiful, pretty, 2
dēterreō, -ēre, -uī, -territum: frighten off pulsō (1): strike against, knock, 3
domus, -ūs f.: house, home, dwelling, 11 relinquō, -ere, -līquī, -lictum: leave behind, 9
etsī: even if, although, though, 13 repleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētum: fill again, fill, 4
ēvānescō, -ere, ēvanuī: vanish, pass away ruō, -ere, ruī: rush, 2
excipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptum: take out, receive 9 sciō, -īre, -īvī (iī), -ītum: know, understand, 9
exhauriō, -īre, -ausī, -austum: drink up sermō, sermōnis m.: conversation, talk, 2
famēs, -is f.: hunger, 3 simul: at the same time; at once, together, 10
fīnis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 spatium, -iī n.: space, span, extent, 6
foris, -is f.: door, entrance stō, -āre, stetī, stātum: stand, 8
fōrma, -ae, f.: beauty, shape, form, 3 stringō, -ere, strīnxī, strictum: draw out, 3
gladius, -ī m.: sword, 10 subeō, -īre, -iī: undergo, go up (to), 5
herba, -ae f.: plant, grass, 6 suspicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum: suspect, mistrust, 7
hūmānus, -a, -um: cultured, refined, 4 tangō, -ere, tetigī, tāctum: touch, 3
iānua, -ae f.: door, 2 tenuis, -e: thin
impetus, -ūs m.: attack, onset, assault, 9 tū: you, 10
inclūdō, -ere, -ūsī, -ūsum: close in, shut in, 7 tuus, -a, -um: your, yours, 3
inquam, inquis, inquit: say, 6 valeō, -ēre, -uī: be strong, fare well, be able, 5
īnstituō, -ere, -uī, -ūtum: establish, set venēnum, -ī n.: poison, 7
īnstruō, -ere, -ūxī, -ūctum: equip, draw up, 6 verbum, -ī n.: word, speech, 4
intermittō, -ere: interrupt, break off, 5 vōx, vōcis, f.: voice, 9

1 in eō esset ut: was in such (a place) that carmina: songs; i.e. Circe’s spells
eī obviam: facing her, in the way of her cape: sg. imperative capiō
2 fōrmā pulcherrimā: of..; abl. quality; 10 ubi…tetigerit: when…touches; fut. pf.
superlative adj. 11 vidē ut faciās: see to it that you make
3 Quō: where?; ‘to where,’ adv. 13 mortālis: he left the sights of the mortal in
4 Circēs: Grk. gen. sg. the middle of the his speech and vanished
5 Num vīs: Surely you do not wish…?; ‘you from his eyes far off into the thin breeze;
do not know…do you?’ Num anticipates a Aeneid 4.277-8
negative response, 2s pres. volō 17 Brevī…spatiō: abl. abs.
6 simul ac: as soon as; ‘the same time as’ ad…subeunda: for undergoing…; subeō,
7 ab īnstitūtō cōnsiliō: from his set plans 19 eōdem…atque: in the same way as before
8 quod: this; ‘which,’ obj. of sēnsisset 23 quō factō: this done; abl. abs.
9 quam…valēre: 24 ea verba: neuter acc. object. of locūta est
112 Ulysses

tamen omnīnō aliter ēvēnit atque illa spērāverat. Tanta enim vīs 1
erat eius herbae quam Ulixī Mercurius dederat ut neque venēnum
neque verba quicquam efficere possent. Ulixēs autem, ut eī
praeceptum erat, gladiō strictō impetum in eam fēcit et mortem
minitābātur. Circē cum artem suam nihil valēre sēnsisset, multīs 5
cum lacrimīs eum obsecrāre coepit nē sibi vītam adimeret.

99. MEN ONCE MORE

Ulixēs autem ubi sēnsit eam timōre perterritam esse, postulāvit ut
sociōs suōs sine morā in hūmānam speciem redūceret (certior enim 10
factus erat ā deō Mercuriō eōs in porcōs conversōs esse); nisi id
factum esset, sē dēbitās poenās sūmptūrum ostendit. Circē hīs
rēbus graviter commōta eī ad pedēs sē prōiēcit, et multīs cum
lacrimīs iūre iūrandō cōnfirmāvit sē quae ille imperāsset omnia
factūram. Tum porcōs in ātrium immittī iussit. Illī datō signō 15
irruērunt, et cum ducem suum agnōvissent, magnō dolōre affectī
sunt quod nūllō modō eum dē rēbus suīs certiōrem facere poterant.
Circē tamen unguentō quōdam corpora eōrum ūnxit; quō factō sunt
omnēs statim in hūmānam speciem reductī. Magnō cum gaudiō
Ulixēs suōs amīcōs agnōvit, et nūntium ad lītus mīsit, quī reliquīs 20
Graecīs sociōs receptōs esse dīceret. Illī autem hīs rēbus cognitīs
statim ad domum Circaeam sē contulērunt; quō cum vēnissent,
ūniversī laetitiae sē dedērunt.
 Ulysses 113

adimō, -ere, -ēmī: take away, deprive mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14
afficiō, -ere, -fēcī, fectum: influence, treat, 13 mors, mortis, f.: death, 9
agnōscō, -ere, -nōvī, -nōtum: recognize, 4 nihil: nothing, 14
aliter: otherwise, in another way, 3 nisi: if not, unless, 2
ars, artis f.: skill, craft, art, 5 nūntius, -iī m.: messenger, 12
certus, -a, -um: fixed, sure, 11 obsecrō (1): beseech, implore, entreat, 5
Circaeus, -a, -um: of Circe omnīnō: altogether, wholely, entirely, 11
cōnfirmō (1): make strong, strengthen, 5 ostendō (1): show, display, 6
convertō, -ere, -ī, -rsum: turn (around), 6 perterreō, -ēre: frighten, terrify, 5
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, debitum: owe; ought, 2 pēs, pedis m.: foot, 8
dēdō, -ere, dēdidī: surrender, give up, 2 poena, poenae, f.: punishment, 3
domus, -ūs f.: house, home, dwelling, 11 porcus, -ī m.: pig, swine, 5
dux, ducis m/f.: leader, guide, chieftain, 5 postulō (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11
efficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum: make, form, 3 praecipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: order, take, 6
ēveniō, -īre: turn out, happen, 8 prōiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectum: throw forth, 4
gaudium, -iī n.: gladness, joy, 9 quisquam, quidquam: anyone, anything, 4
gladius, -ī m.: sword, 10 recipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: take back, 8
herba, -ae f.: plant, grass, 6 redūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -tum: lead/bring back, 11
hūmānus, -a, -um: cultured, refined, 4 signum, -ī n.: sign, signal, 2
immittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: send in, 2 spērō (1): hope (for), expect, 5
imperō (1): order, command, 12 stringō, -ere, strīnxī, strictum: draw out, 3
impetus, -ūs m.: attack, onset, assault, 9 sūmō, -ere, sūmpsī, sūmptum: take, 3
inruō, -ere, -ruī: rush in ung(u)ō, -ere, ūnxī, ūnctum: oil, annoint
iūrō (1): swear, 2 unguentum, -ī m.: ointment, 3
iūs, iūris n.: justice, law, right, 4 ūniversus, -a, -um: entire, whole
lacrima, -ae f.: tear, 10 valeō, -ēre, -uī: be strong, fare well, be able, 5
laetitia, -ae f.: joy, happiness, 3 venēnum, -ī n.: poison, 7
Mercurius, -ī m.: Mercury, 8 verbum, -ī n.: word, speech, 4
minitor, -ārī, -ātus sum: threaten vīta, -ae, f.: life, 9

1 aliter…atque: otherwise…than 14 iūre iūrandō: by sworn oath; ‘by an oath

ēvēnit: it turned out; impersonal to be sworn,’ gerundive; abl. of means
2 eius herbae: of that plant; with vīs sē…factūram (esse): that she…; omnia is
ut…possent: that…; result clause obj. and antecedent of quae
3 ut praeceptum erat: as it had been 15 immittī: pres. pass. inf. immittō
instructed; impersonal passive 16 magnō..affectī: afflicted by great pain
4 in eam: against her 17 nūllō modō: in no way; abl. of manner
5 nihil valēre: was not at all prevailing; eum…certiōrem facere: inform him;
ind. disc., artem, ‘craft,’ is acc. subj. ‘to make him more certain’
6 nē…adimeret: that…; ind. command 18 quō factō: this done; abl. abs.
sibi: from her; dat. of compound verb sunt…reductī: pf. pass. redūcō
carmina: songs; i.e. Circe’s spells 20 quī…dīceret: who would say…; relative
10 certior factus erat: he had been clause of purpose
informed…that; ‘made more certain’ 21 reliquīs Graecīs: to…; dat. ind. object
10 tetigerit: if Circe touches; fut. pf. sociōs receptōs esse: that the comrades
11 factum esset: if this had not been done; had been taken back; pf. pass. inf. recipiō
plpf. subj.; id is a demonstrative 22 sē contulērunt: carried themselves; ‘went’
12 sē…sumptūrum (esse): would exact; quō: there; ‘to where’
fut. inf. in ind. disc., supply ‘esse’ 23 laetitiae: joy; dat. ind. obj.
13 eī: his; dat. of possession
114 Ulysses

100. AFLOAT AGAIN 1

Postrīdiē eius diēī Ulixēs ex hāc īnsulā quam celerrimē discēdere in
animō habēbat. Circē tamen cum haec cognōvisset, ex ōdiō ad
amōrem conversa omnibus precibus eum orāre et obtestārī coepit
ut paucōs diēs apud sē morārētur; quā rē tandem impetrātā, tanta 5
beneficia in eum contulit ut facile eī persuāsum sit ut diūtius
manēret. Postquam tamen tōtum annum apud Circēn cōnsūmpserat,
Ulixēs magnō desideriō patriae suae mōtus est. Sociīs igitur ad sē
convocātīs quid in animō habēret ostendit. Ubi tamen ad lītus
dēscendit, nāvem suam tempestātibus tam afflictam invēnit ut ad 10
nāvigandum paene inūtilis esset. Hāc rē cognitā omnia quae ad
nāvēs reficiendās ūsuī essent comparārī iussit, quā in rē tantam
dīligentiam omnēs adhibēbant ut ante tertium diem opus
perfēcerint. At Circē ubi omnia ad profectiōnem parāta esse vīdit,
rem aegrē ferēbat et Ulixem vehementer obsecrābat ut eō cōnsiliō 15
dēsisteret. Ille tamen, nē annī tempore ā nāvigātiōne exclūderētur,
mātūrandum sibi exīstimāvit, et tempestātem idōneam nactus
nāvem solvit. Multa quidem perīcula Ulixī subeunda erant
antequam in patriam suam pervenīret, quae tamen hōc locō longum
est perscrībere. 20
 Ulysses 115

adflīgō, -ere, -flīxī, -flīctum: dash, shatter maneō, -ēre, mānsī, mansūrum: stay, wait, 9
adhibeō, -ēre, -uī, -itum: apply, hold to, 4 mātūrō (1): hasten, ripen, 7
aegrē: with difficulty, wearily, 4 moror, -ārī, -ātus sum: delay, linger, 3
amor, -ōris m.: love, desire, pasfansion, 3 nancīscor, -ī, nactus sum: attain, meet, 7
ante: before, in front of (acc.); adv. before, 5 nāvigātiō, -ōnis f.: sailing, voyage, 2
antequam: before, 9 nāvigō (1): sail, 5
apud: among, in the presence of (+ acc.), 9 obsecrō (1): beseech, implore, entreat, 5
beneficium, -iī n.: benefit, favor; kindness, 8 obtestor, -ārī, -ātus: call to witness, implore
comparō (1): prepare, collect, 4 odium, -iī n.: hatred
cōnsūmō, -ere, -mpsī, -mptum: take, spend 9 opus, -eris n.: work, deed, toil, 9
convertō, -ere, -ī, -rsum: turn (around), 6 ōrō (1): pray (for), entreat, beseech, 5
convocō (1): call together, 3 ostendō (1): show, display, 6
dēscendō, -ere, -ndī, -scēnsum: descend, 4 paene: almost, nearly, 8
dēsīderium, -iī n.: desire, longing patria, -ae f.: fatherland, country, 8
dēsistō, -ere, -stitī, -stitum: desist, stop, 5 perficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum: accomplish, 3
dīligentia, -ae f.: diligence, attentiveness, 5 perscrībō, -ere, -psī, -scriptum: write fully, 3
discēdō, -ere, -cessī, -sum: go away, depart, 4 persuādeō, -ēre, -suāsī, -suāsum: persuade, 9
diū: a long time, long, 13 postrīdiē: the day after, the next day, 4
exclūdō, -ere, -ūsī, -ūsum: shut out, hinder, 2 precēs, -um f. pl.: prayer, entreaty, 3
exīstimō (1): judge, consider, regard, think, 2 profectiō, -tiōnis f.: departure, start, 3
facilis, -e: easy quidem: indeed, in fact, assuredly, certainly, 8
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum: carry, endure, 10 reficiō -ere -fēcī -fectum: make new, repair, 2
idōneus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 subeō, -īre, -iī: undergo, go up (to), 5
impetrō (1): obtain, gain one’s end tam: so, so much, so very, such, 8
inūtilis, -e: not useful, useless tertius, -a, -um: third, 2
inveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum: find, discover 8 ūsus, ūsūs m.: use, employment, 3
longus, -a, -um: long, 4 vehementer: strongly, violently, ardently, 11

1 postrīdiē eius diēī: the day after that 10 tam afflictam: so dashed; PPP
day; abl. time when; gen. ut…esset: that…; result, impf. subj. sum
quam celerrimē: as fast as possible ad nāvigandum: for…; ad + acc., here a
in animō: had in mind; i.e. intended gerund expresses purpose
2 haec: these (things); neuter pl. acc. obj. 11 ad nāvēs reficiendās: for…; employ a
3 omnibus precibum: abl. means, with ōrāre gerund-gerundive flip: translate the
4 ut…morārētur: that he linger…; ind. gerundive (adj) as a gerund with obj.
command 12 quae…ūsuī essent: which were of use;
paucōs diēs: for…; acc. of duration of time dat. purpose; omnia is antecedent
5 apud sē: at her house 13 ut…perfēcerint: that…; result; unusual
quā rē impetrātā: which matter having pf. subj., translate in the pf. tense
been attained; abl. abs. i.e. Circe got 14 ad profectiōnem: for setting out
what she had requested above 15 ferēbat: endured
6 contulit: pf. conferō, Circe is subject eō cōnsiliō: from this purpose; separation
ut…persuāsum sit: that she persuaded 16 nē…exclūderētur: neg. purpose clause
him; impersonal pf. pass., translate active 17 mātūrandum (esse): that it had to be
ut…manēret: that…; ind. command hastened by him; i.e. ‘he had to hasten,’
diūtium: longer; comparative adv. passive periphrastic in secondary seq. with
7 apud Circēn: at Circe’s house dat. of agent
patriae suae: for his country; objective 18 subeunda erant: had to be undergone;
gen. governed by desideriō passive periphrastic with dat. of agent
8 sociīs convocātīs: abl. abs. or dat. i.o. 19 quae: which (dangers); obj. of perscribere
9 Quid…habēret: ind. question longum est: it is long; nom. predicate
116 Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives

1st Declension 2nd Declension (m.) 2nd Declension (n.)

Nom. cōpia cōpiae legātus legātī proelium proelia
Gen. cōpiae cōpiārum legātī legātōrum proeliī proeliōrum
Dat. cōpiae cōpiīs legātō legātīs proeliō proeliīs
Acc. cōpiam cōpiās legātum legātōs proelium proelia
Abl. cōpiā cōpiīs legātō legātīs proeliō proeliīs

3rd Declension (m/f) 3rd Declension (n.)

Nom. mīles mīlitēs iter itinera
Gen. mīlitis mīlitum itineris itinerum
Dat. mīlitī mīlitibus itinerī itineribus
Acc. mīlitem mīlitēs iter itinera
Abl. mīlite mīlitibus itinere itineribus

4th Declension (m/f) 4th Declension (n.)

Nom. manus manūs cornū cornua
Gen. manūs manuum cornūs cornuum
Dat. manuī manibus cornū cornuibus
Acc. manum manūs cornū cornua
Abl. manū manibus cornū cornuibus

5th Declension (m/f)

Nom. rēs rēs
Gen. rēī rērum
Dat. rēī rēbus
Acc. rem rēs
Abl. rē rēbus

Selected Pronouns
Nom. is he ea she id it
Gen. eius his eius her eius its
Dat. eī to/for him eī to/for her eī to/for it
Acc. eum him eam her id it
Abl. eō with/from him eā with/from her eō with/from it

Nom. eī they eae they ea they

Gen . eōrum their eārum their eōrum their
Dat. eīs to/for them eīs to/for them eīs to/for them
Acc. eōs them eās them ea them
Abl. eīs with/from them eīs with/from them eīs with/from them

Nom. quī quae quod quī quae quae who, which, that
Gen. cuius cuius cuius quōrum quārum quōrum whose, of whom/which
Dat. cuī cuī cuī quibus quibus quibus to whom/which
Acc. quem quam quod quōs quās quae whom, which, that
Abl. quō quā quō quibus quibus quibus by/with/from whom/which
 Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives 117

Nom. ille illa illud that hic haec hoc this

Gen. illīus illīus illīus of that huius huius huius of this
Dat. illī illī illī to/for that huic huic huic to/for this
Acc. illum illam illud that hunc hanc hoc this
Abl. illō illā illō with/from that hōc hāc hōc b/w/f this

Nom. illī illae illa those hī hae haec these

Gen. illōrum illārum illōrum of those hōrum hārum hōrum of these
Dat. illīs illīs illīs to those hīs hīs hīs to these
Acc. illōs illās illa those hōs hās haec these
Abl. illīs illīs illīs with/from those hīs hīs hīs with/from these

reflexive pronoun possessive reflexive adjective

Nom. --- suus sua suum suī suae sua
Gen. suī suī suae suī suōrum suārum suōrum
Dat. sibi suō suae suō suīs suīs suīs
Acc. sē suum suam suum suōs suās sua
Abl. sē suō suā suō suīs suīs suīs

Adjectives and Adverbs

Decl. Positive Comparative Superlative

1st/2nd altus, -a, -um altior, altius altissimus, -a, -um

high (deep) higher (deeper) highest, very high (deepest)
3rd fortis, forte fortior, fortius fortissimus, -a, -um
brave braver, more brave bravest, most brave, very brave

1st/2nd altē altius altissimē

deeply more deeply very deeply
3rd fortiter fortius fortissimē
bravely more bravely very bravely

Irregular Adjectives and Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlative

bonus, -a, -um melior, melius optimus, -a, -um
good better best
magnus, -a, -um maior, maius maximus, -a, -um
great greater greatest
parvus, -a, -um minor, minus minimus, -a, -um
small smaller smallest
multus, -a, -um ---, plus plurimus, -a, -um
much more most
118 Synopsis: 1st Conjugation

amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum: to love

active translation passive translation
Indicative
Pres. amō amāmus I love amor amāmur I am loved
amās amātis amāris amāminī
amat amant amātur amantur
Impf. amābam amābāmus I was loving amābar amābāmur I was being loved
amābās amābātis amābāris amābāminī
amābat amābant amābātur amābantur
Fut. amābō amābimus I will love amābor amābimur I will be loved
amābis amābitis amāberis amābiminī
amābit amābunt amābitur amābuntur
Perf. amāvī amāvimus I have loved amāta sum amātae sumus I have been loved
amāvistī amāvistis amāta es amātae estis was loved
amāvit amāvērunt amāta est amātae sunt
Plpf. amāveram amāverāmus I had loved amāta eram amātae erāmus I had been loved
amāverās amāverātis amāta erās amātae erātis
amāverat amāverant amāta erat amātae erant
Fut. Pf amāverō amāverimus I will have amāta erō amātae erimus I will have been
amāveris amāveritis loved amāta eris amātae eritis loved
amāverit amāverint amāta erit amātae erunt

Subjunctive
Pres. amem amēmus same as amer amēmur same as
amēs amētis indicative amēris amēminī indicative
amet ament ametur amentur
Impf. amārem amārēmus amārer amārēmur
amārēs amārētis amārēris amārēminī
amāret amārent amāretur amārentur
Perf. amāverim amāverīmus amāta sim amātae sīmus
amāverīs amāverītis amāta sīs amātae sītis
amāverit amāverint amāta sit amātae sint
Plpf. amāvissem amāvissēmus amāta essem amātae essēmus
amāvissēs amāvissētis amāta essēs amātae essētis
amāvisset amāvissent amāta esset amātae essent

Imperative
amā amāte love!
Participle
Pres. amāns (amantis) loving
Perf. amātus, -a, -um having been loved
Fut. amātūrus, -a, -um going to love amandus, -a, -um going to be loved
Infinitive
Pres. amāre to love amārī to be love
Perf. amāvisse to have loved amātum esse to have been loved
Fut. amātūrum esse to be going to love
 Synopsis: 2nd Conjugation 119

videō, vidēre, vīdī, visum: to see

active translation passive translation
Indicative
Pres. videō vidēmus I see videor vidēmur I am seen
vidēs vidētis vidēris vidēminī
videt vident vidētur videntur
Impf. vidēbam vidēbāmus I was seeing vidēbar vidēbāmur I was being seen
vidēbās vidēbātis vidēbāris vidēbāminī
vidēbat vidēbant vidēbātur vidēbantur
Fut. vidēbō vidēbimus I will see vidēbor vidēbimur I will be seen
vidēbis vidēbitis vidēberis vidēbiminī
vidēbit vidēbunt vidēbitur vidēbuntur
Perf. vīdī vīdimus I have seen vīsa sum vīsae sumus I have been seen
vīdistī vīdistis vīsa es vīsae estis was seen
vīdit vīdērunt vīsa est vīsae sunt
Plpf. vīderam vīderāmus I had seen vīsa eram vīsae erāmus I had been seen
vīderās vīderātis vīsa erās vīsae erātis
vīderat vīderant vīsa erat vīsae erant
Fut.pf. vīderō vīderimus I will have vīsa erō vīsae erimus I will have been
vīderis vīderitis seen vīsa eris vīsae eritis seen
vīderit vīderint vīsa erit vīsae erunt

Subjunctive
Pres. videam videāmus same as videar videāmur same as
videās videātis indicative videāris videāminī indicative
videat videant videatur videantur
Impf. vidērem vidērēmus vidērer vidērēmur
vidērēs vidērētis vidērēris vidērēminī
vidēret vidērent vidērētur vidērentur
Perf. vīderim vīderīmus vīsa sim vīsae sīmus
vīderīs vīderītis vīsa sīs vīsae sītis
vīderit vīderint vīsa sit vīsae sint
Plpf. vīdissem vīdissēmus vīsa essem vīsae essēmus
vīdissēs vīdissētis vīsa essēs vīsae essētis
vīdisset vīdissent vīsa esset vīsae essent

Imperative
vidē vidēte see!
Participle
Pres. vidēns (videntis) seeing
Perf. vīsus, -a, -um having been seen
Fut. vīsūrus, -a, -um going to see videndus, -a, -um going to be seen
Infinitive
Pres. vidēre to see vidērī to be seen
Perf. vīdisse to have seen vīsum esse to have been seen
Fut. vīsūrum esse to be going to see
120 Synopsis: 3rd Conjugation

dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductum: to lead

active translation passive translation
Indicative
Pres. dūcō dūcimus I lead dūcor dūcimur I am led
dūcis dūcitis dūceris dūciminī
dūcit dūcunt dūcitur dūcuntur
Impf. dūcēbam dūcēbāmus I was leading dūcēbar dūcēbāmur I was being led
dūcēbās dūcēbātis dūcēbāris dūcēbāminī
dūcēbat dūcēbant dūcēbātur dūcēbantur
Fut. dūcam dūcēmus I will lead dūcar dūcēmur I will be led
dūcēs dūcētis dūcēris dūcēminī
dūcet dūcent dūcetur dūcentur
Perf. dūxī dūximus I have led ducta sum ductae sumus I have been led
dūxistī dūxistis ducta es ductae estis was led
dūxit dūxērunt ducta est ductae sunt
Plpf. dūxeram dūxerāmus I had led ducta eram ductae erāmus I had been led
dūxerās dūxerātis ducta erās ductae erātis
dūxerat dūxerant ducta erat ductae erant
Fut. Pf dūxerō dūxerimus I will have ducta erō ductae erimus I will have been
dūxeris dūxeritis led ducta eris ductae eritis led
dūxerit dūxerint ducta erit ductae erunt

Subjunctive
Pres. dūcam dūcāmus same as dūcar dūcāmur same as
dūcās dūcātis indicative dūcāris dūcāminī indicative
dūcat dūcant dūcatur dūcantur
Impf. dūcerem dūcerēmus dūcerer dūcerēmur
dūcerēs dūcerētis dūcerēris dūcerēminī
dūceret dūcerent dūceretur dūcerentur
Perf. dūxerim dūxerīmus ducta sim ductae sīmus
dūxerīs dūxerītis ducta sīs ductae sītis
dūxerit dūxerint ducta sit ductae sint
Plpf. dūxissem dūxissēmus ducta essem ductae essēmus
dūxissēs dūxissētis ducta essēs ductae essētis
dūxisset dūxissent ducta esset ductae essent

Imperative
dūc ducite lead!
Participle
Pres. ducēns (dūcentis) leading
Perf. ductus, -a, -um having been led
Fut. ductūrus, -a, -um going to lead ducendus, -a, -um going to be led
Infinitive
Pres. dūcere to lead dūcī to be lead
Perf. dūxisse to have led ductum esse to have been led
Fut. ductūrum esse to be going to lead
 Synopsis: 3rd-io Conjugation 121

capiō, capere, cēpī, captum: to take

active translation passive translation
Indicative
Pres. capiō capimus I take capior capimur I am taken
capis capitis caperis capiminī
capit capiunt capitur capuntur
Impf. capiēbam capiēbāmus I was taking capiēbar capiēbāmur I was being taken
capiēbās capiēbātis capiēbāris capiēbāminī
capiēbat capiēbant capiēbātur capiēbantur
Fut. capiam capiēmus I will take capiar capiēmur I will be taken
capiēs capiētis capiēris capiēminī
capiet capient capietur capientur
Perf. cēpī cēpimus I have taken capta sum captae sumus I have been taken
cēpistī cēpistis capta es captae estis was taken
cēpit cēpērunt capta est captae sunt
Plpf. cēperam cēperāmus I had taken capta eram captae erāmus I had been taken
cēperās cēperātis capta erās captae erātis
cēperat cēperant capta erat captae erant
Fut. Pf cēperō cēperimus I will have capta erō captae erimus I will have been
cēperis cēperitis taken capta eris captae eritis taken
cēperit cēperint capta erit captae erunt

Subjunctive
Pres. capam capāmus same as capar capāmur same as
capās capātis indicative capāris capāminī indicative
capat capant capatur capantur
Impf. caperem caperēmus caperer caperēmur
caperēs caperētis caperēris caperēminī
caperet caperent caperetur caperentur
Perf. cēperim cēperīmus capta sim captae sīmus
cēperīs cēperītis capta sīs captae sītis
cēperit cēperint capta sit captae sint
Plpf. cēpissem cēpissēmus capta essem captae essēmus
cēpissēs cēpissētis capta essēs captae essētis
cēpisset cēpissent capta esset captae essent

Imperative
cape capite take!
Participle
Pres. capiēns (capientis) taking
Perf. captus, -a, -um having been taken
Fut. captūrus, -a, -um going to take capiendus, -a, -um going to be taken
Infinitive
Pres. capere to take capī to be take
Perf. cēpisse to have taken captum esse to have been taken
Fut. captūrum esse to be going to take
122 Synopsis: 4th Conjugation

audiō, audīre, audīvī, audītum: to hear

active translation passive translation
Indicative
Pres. audīō audīmus I hear audior audīmur I am heard
audīs audītis audīris audīminī
audit audiunt audītur audiuntur
Impf. audiēbam audiēbāmus I was hearing audiēbar audiēbāmur I was being heard
audiēbās audiēbātis audiēbāris audiēbāminī
audiēbat audiēbant audiēbātur audiēbantur
Fut. audiam audiēmus I will hear audiar audiēmur I will be heard
audiēs audiētis audiēris audiēminī
audiet audient audiētur audiēntur
Perf. audīvī audīvimus I have heard audīta sum audītae sumus I have been heard
audīvistī audīvistis audīta es audītae estis was heard
audīvit audīvērunt audīta est audītae sunt
Plpf. audīveram audīverāmus I had heard audīta eram audītae erāmus I had been heard
audīverās audīverātis audīta erās audītae erātis
audīverat audīverant audīta erat audītae erant
Fut.pf audīverō audīverimus I will have audīta erō audītae erimus I will have been
audīveris audīveritis heard audīta eris audītae eritis heard
audīverit audīverint audīta erit audītae erunt

Subjunctive
Pres. audiam audiāmus same as audiar audiāmur same as
audiās audiātis indicative audiāris audiāminī indicative
audiat audiant audiātur audiantur
Impf. audīrem audīrēmus audīrer audīrēmur
audīrēs audīrētis audīrēris audīrēminī
audīret audīrent audīretur audīrentur
Perf. audīverim audīverīmus audīta sim audītae sīmus
audīverīs audīverītis audīta sīs audītae sītis
audīverit audīverint audīta sit audītae sint
Plpf. audīvissem audīvissēmus audīta essem audītae essēmus
audīvissēs audīvissētis audīta essēs audītae essētis
audīvisset audīvissent audīta esset audītae essent

Imperative
audī audīte hear!
Participle
Pres. audiēns (audientis) hearing
Perf. audītus, -a, -um having been heard
Fut. audītūrus, -a, -um going to hear audiendus, -a, -um going to be heard
Infinitive
Pres. audīre to hear audīrī to be heard
Perf. audīvisse to have heard audītum esse to have been heard
Fut. audītūrum esse to be going to hear
 Synopsis: sum and possum 123

sum, esse, fuī, futūrum: to be possum, posse, potuī, -- : to be able, can

translation translation
Indicative
Pres. sum sumus I am possum possumus I am able, can
es estis potes potestis
est sunt potest possunt
Impf. eram erāmus I was poteram poterāmus I was able, could
erās erātis poterās poterātis
erat erant poterat poterant
Fut. erō erimus I will be poterō poterimus I will be able
eris eritis poteris poteritis
erit erunt poterit poterunt
Perf. fuī fuimus I have been, potuī potuimus I have been able,
fuistī fuistis I was potuistī potuistis I was able, could
fuit fuērunt potuit potuērunt
Plpf. fueram fuerāmus I had been potueram potuerāmus I had been able
fuerās fuerātis potuerās potuerātis
fuerat fuerant potuerat potuerant
Fut. Pf. fuerō fuerimus I will have been potuerō potuerimus I will have been able
fueris fueritis been potueris potueritis
fuerit fuerint potuerit potuerint

Subjunctive
Pres. sim sīmus same as possim possīmus same as
sīs sītis indicative possīs possītis indicative
sit sint possit possint
Impf. essem essēmus possem possēmus
essēs essētis possēs possētis
esset essent posset possent
Perf. fuerim fuerīmus potuerim potuerīmus
fuerīs fuerītis potuerīs potuerītis
fuerit fuerint potuerit potuerint
Plpf. fuissem fuissēmus potuissem potuissēmus
fuissēs fuissētis potuissēs potuissētis
fuisset fuissent potuisset potuissent

Imperative
xxx xxx

Infinitive
Pres. esse to be posse to be able
Perf. fuisse to have been potuisse to have been heard
Fut. futūrum esse* to be going to be ----

* fore is a common indeclinable alternative for futūrum esse.

124 Synopsis: Deponent Verb

sequor, sequī, secūtus-a-um sum: to follow

Indicative
Pres. sequor sequimur I follow
sequeris sequiminī
sequitur sequuntur
Impf. sequēbar sequēbāmur I was following
sequēbāris sequēbāminī
sequēbātur sequēbantur
Fut. sequar sequēmur I will follow
sequēris sequēminī
sequētur sequentur
Perf. secūta sum secūtae sumus I have followed
secūta es secūtae estis
secūta est secūtae sunt
Plpf. secūta eram secūtae erāmus I had followed
secūta erās secūtae erātis
secūta erat secūtae erant
Fut.. pf. secūta erō secūtae erimus I will have followed
secūta eris secūtae eritis
secūta erit secūtae erunt

Subjunctive
Pres. sequar sequāmur same as indicative
sequāris sequāminī
sequātur sequantur
Impf. sequerer sequerēmur
sequerēris sequerēminī
sequerētur sequerentur
Perf. secūta sim secūtae sīmus
secūta sīs secūtae sītis
secūta sit secūtae sint
Plpf. secūta essem secūtae essēmus
secūta essēs secūtae essētis
secūta esset secūtae essent

Imperative
sequere sequitor follow!

Participle
Pres. sequēns (gen. sequentis) following
Perf. secūtus, -a, -um having followed
Fut. secūtūrus, -a, -um going to follow sequendus,-a -um going to be
followed
Infinitive
Pres. sequī to follow
Perf. secūtum esse to have followed
Fut. secūtūrum esse to be going to follow
 125

Alphabetized Core Vocabulary List

(Words 15 or More Times)
This is an alphabetized list of the running core vocabulary found at the beginning of this
commentary. To use this book properly, readers should review and memorize the running core
vocabulary as they read the stories. If they encounter a word in the text that is not found in the
facing vocabulary, it is most likely in the running vocabulary and the list below.
The number of occurrences of each word was tabulated by the author.

ā, ab, abs: from, away from; by, 72

accipiō, -ere, accēpī, acceptum: receive, get, accept, 26
ad: to, toward; near; for, 188
animus, -ī m.: mind, spirit; courage, pride, 18
annus, -ī m.: year, 18
Argonautae, -ārum m.: Argonauts, 18
at: but; mind you, 27
atque: and; and also, and even, 21
audiō, -īre, audīvī, audītum: hear, listen to, 22
autem: however, but; moreover, 81
auxilium, -ī n.: help, aid, assistance, 19
bōs, bovis m./f. (dat./abl. bōbus): cow, ox, bull, 18
brevis, -e: short, brief, 15
capiō, capere, cēpī, captum: take, capture, seize, 14
caput, capitis, n.: head; life, 20
causa, -ae f.: reason, cause; case, 31
Circē, -ēs f.: Circe, 15
coepī, coepisse, coeptum: begin, 16
cognōscō, -ere, -nōvī, -nitum: learn, pf. know, 22
cōnferō, -ferre, -contulī, collātum: bring together, gather, 18
cōnficiō, -ere: complete finish, accomplish; exhaust, 16
coniciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectum: throw, hurl; throw together, 13
cōnsilium, -iī n.: plan, advice; council, assembly, 23
cōnstituō, -ere, -uī, -ūtum: decide, establish, resolve, 36
corpus, corporis, n.: body, 19
cum: with (abl.); when, since, although, 196
dē: from, down from; about, concerning, 29
deus, -ī m.: god, divinity, deity, 19
dīcō, -ere, dīxī, dictum: say, speak, tell, call, name, 17
diēs, -ēī m./f.: day, time, 46
dīmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: send away, dismiss, 8
dō, dare, dedī, datum: give; grant, allow, 42
dolor, -ōris m.: pain, grief, 17
dum: while, as long as, until, 35
ē, ex: from, out from, out of, 108
ēgredior, -ī, ēgressus sum: go out, disembark, 18
126 Alphabetized Core Vocabulary

enim: for, indeed, 77

et: and; also, even, 287
etiam: also, even,; besides, 17
Eurystheus, -ī m.: Eurystheus, 23
exspectō (1): wait for, await, look out for, 15
faciō, -ere, fēcī, factum: make, do, 89
fīlia, -iae f.: daughter, 20
flūmen, -inis n.: river, 15
gerō, -ere, gessī, gestum: wage; carry on, wear, 18
gravis, -e: heavy, serious, severe, 16
habeō, -ēre, habuī, -itum: have, hold; consider, 34
habitō (1): inhabit, live, 18
Hērculēs, -is m.: Hercules 121
hic, haec, hoc: this, that, these, 222
homō, -inis m./f.: person, people, human, 21
iam: now, already, 29
Iāsōn, -onis m.: Jason, 45
ibi: there, 21
īdem, eadem, idem: the same, 15
igitur: therefore, then, accordingly, 71
ille, illa, illud: that, those, 84
in: in (abl.) , into (acc.), 272
ingēns (ingentis): huge, immense, 21
īnsula, -ae f.: island, 20
intellegō, -ere, -lēxī, -lēctum: understand, realize, 24
interficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum: kill, 15
ipse, ipsa, ipsum: -self; the very, 50
is, ea, id: he, she, it; this, that, 230
ita: so, thus, in this way, 25
iter, itineris n.: journey; route, way, 19
iubeō, -ēre, iussī, iussum: order, 17
labor, -ōris m.: labor, hardship, task, 22
lītus, lītoris n.: shore, beach, 19
locus, -ī m. (pl. lōca): place, region, 51
māgnōpere: greatly, 15
magnus, -a, -um: great, large; important, 79
manus, -ūs f.: hand, 16
mare, maris n.: sea, 15
Mēdēa, -ae f.: Medea, 27
mittō, -ere, -mīsī, missum: send, let go, 18
modus, -ī m.: way, manner; adv. modo, only 38
mōnstrum, -ī n.: monster, 26
mox: soon, 19
 Alphabetized Core Vocabulary 127

multus, -a, -um: much, many, 36

nāvis, -is, f.: ship, boat, 63
nē: so that…not, lest, 22
neque: and not; neque…neque: neither…nor, 27
nōn: not, 40
nūllus, -a, -um: no, not any, 24
omnis, omne: every, all, 96
parō (1): prepare, 21
pars, partis, f.: part, share, 23
paucī, -ae, -a: few, 22
paulus, -a, -um: little, small, 16
per: through, over, 23
perīculum, -ī n.: danger, risk, 31
Perseus, -ī m.: Perseus, 26
perveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum: come through, arrive, 19
Polyphēmus, -ī m.: Polyphemus, 19
possum, posse, potuī: be able, can, 46
post: after, behind (acc.); afterward, next, 32
postquam: after, when, 58
prīmus, -a, -um: first, 16
proficīscor, -ī, profectus sum: set out, depart, 19
prōgredior, -ī, prōgressus sum: advance, 17
puer, puerī, m.: boy, 17
quaerō, -ere, quaesīvī, quaesītum: seek, ask, search for, 21
quī, quae, quod (quis? quid?): who, which, that; quod: because, 307
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam: a certain, 50
redeō, -īre, rediī: go back, return, 19
referō, -ferre, rettulī, relātum: report, bring back, 18
regiō, -ōnis f.: region, district, 18
rēgnum, -ī n.: royal power, kingship; kingdom, 19
reliquus, -a, um: remaining, left, 15
rēs, reī, f.: thing, matter, affair, business, 83
rēx, rēgis m.: king; adj. ruling, royal, 44
salūs, -ūtis f.: safety, security, health, 15
saxum, -ī n.: rock, 15
sē: himself, herself, itself, themselves, 115
sed: but, 31
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsum: feel, perceive, 16
sī: if, 20
sine: without, 19
socius, -ī m.: comrade, companion; ally, 33
solvō, -ere, solvī, solūtum: loosen, release; set sail, 20
speciēs, -ēī f.: sight, look, appearance, aspect, 15
128 Alphabetized Core Vocabulary

spēlunca, -ae f.: cave, 30

statim: immediately, 28
subitō: suddenly, 19
sum, esse, fuī, futūrum: be, 422
summus, -a, -um: highest, greatest, top of, 29
suus, -a, -um: his, her, its, their (own), 84
tamen: nevertheless, however, 99
tandem: finally, at last, 28
tantus, -a, -um: so great, so much, so large, 55
tempestās, -tātis f.: weather; storm, 17
tempus, -poris n.: time, 31
terra, -ae f.: land, earth, ground, 22
timor, -ōris m.: fear, 15
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditum: give over, hand over or down, 20
tum: then, at that time, 73
ubi: where; when, 56
Ulixēs, -is m.: Ulysses, 43
ūnus, -a, -um: one, 14
urbs, urbis, f.: city, 19
ut: so that, in order that (subj.); as, just as (ind.), 112
veniō, -īre, vēnī, ventum: come, go, 72
videō, -ēre, vīdī, vīsum: see, 50
vīnum, -ī n.: wine, 16
vir, virī m.: man, male, 23
vīs, (vīs), f.: force, power, violence; pl. vīrēs, strength, 23
volō, velle, voluī: will, wish, be willing, 22