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    Surveying II Assignment: Hydrographic Survey

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    Sameer Anjum
    Hydrographic surveying involves measuring physical features underwater and is important for marine activities like dredging, construction, and drilling. The Pakistan Navy Hydrographic Department conducts hydrographic surveys and publishes nautical charts. Accurate hydrographic data is essential for port development to support safe navigation and accommodate larger vessels. Hydrographic surveys determine seafloor depth and topology, shorelines, navigation charts, mean sea level, scouring, silting, and tide measurements to inform infrastructure projects like bridges, dams, and harbors. Historical methods included lead lines and poles while modern techniques incorporate single beam sonars, wire drags, and multi-beam sonars.

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    Surveying II Assignment: Hydrographic Survey

    Uploaded by

    Sameer Anjum
    134 views4 pages
    Hydrographic surveying involves measuring physical features underwater and is important for marine activities like dredging, construction, and drilling. The Pakistan Navy Hydrographic Department conducts hydrographic surveys and publishes nautical charts. Accurate hydrographic data is essential for port development to support safe navigation and accommodate larger vessels. Hydrographic surveys determine seafloor depth and topology, shorelines, navigation charts, mean sea level, scouring, silting, and tide measurements to inform infrastructure projects like bridges, dams, and harbors. Historical methods included lead lines and poles while modern techniques incorporate single beam sonars, wire drags, and multi-beam sonars.

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    Hydrographic surveying involves measuring physical features underwater and is important for marine activities like dredging, construction, and drilling. The Pakistan Navy Hydrographic Department conducts hydrographic surveys and publishes nautical charts. Accurate hydrographic data is essential for port development to support safe navigation and accommodate larger vessels. Hydrographic surveys determine seafloor depth and topology, shorelines, navigation charts, mean sea level, scouring, silting, and tide measurements to inform infrastructure projects like bridges, dams, and harbors. Historical methods included lead lines and poles while modern techniques incorporate single beam sonars, wire drags, and multi-beam sonars.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    134 views4 pages

    Surveying II Assignment: Hydrographic Survey

    Uploaded by

    Sameer Anjum
    Hydrographic surveying involves measuring physical features underwater and is important for marine activities like dredging, construction, and drilling. The Pakistan Navy Hydrographic Department conducts hydrographic surveys and publishes nautical charts. Accurate hydrographic data is essential for port development to support safe navigation and accommodate larger vessels. Hydrographic surveys determine seafloor depth and topology, shorelines, navigation charts, mean sea level, scouring, silting, and tide measurements to inform infrastructure projects like bridges, dams, and harbors. Historical methods included lead lines and poles while modern techniques incorporate single beam sonars, wire drags, and multi-beam sonars.

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    Name:-MUSTAFA AGHA Roll no:-BCV-2020F-070 Section:-B

    Surveying II Assignment
    Hydrographic Survey:-
    Hydrographic surveying or bathymetric surveying is the survey of physical
    features present underwater. It is the science of measuring all factors beneath
    water that affect all the marine activities like dredging, marine constructions,
    offshore drilling etc. Hydrographic surveying is mainly conducted under
    authority concerns. It is mainly carried out by means of sensors, sounding or
    electronic sensor system for shallow water.

    PNHD and Karachi port:-


    Pakistan Navy Hydrographic Department (PNHD) was established in 1949
    and became member of IHO in 1957. Responsible for conducting
    hydrographic surveys &publishing nautical charts ,publications Department
    is well equipped to undertake surveys. Hydrographic surveys of ports and
    harbours are undertaken primarily to support the safe navigation of vessels.
    Port authorities are charged with maintaining and developing their harbours
    with regard to harbour use, and the size of vessels the harbours
    accommodate. This duty of maintenance covers several specific requirements,
    including the execution of hydrographic surveys.

    Defense of Hydrographic Survey:-


    The advent of larger, special-purpose ships in the last two decades has made
    big demands on a number of ports in the world since such vessels require
    deeper and wider channels than heretofore, as well as modern facilities to
    ensure their quick turn-around. Port Authorities have therefore had to
    undertake major projects requiring heavy investment for fear that ship
    owners would “by-pass” their port. accurate and comprehensive
    hydrographic data is a pre-requisite for any marine development scheme in a
    port. It cautions those unaware of this need by providing examples of cases
    where industry has incurred heavy losses and where there have been delays in
    commissioning new facilities precisely on account of this lack, or this
    insufficiency, of reliable hydrographic data.To avoid such pitfalls the paper
    recommends that Port Authorities should create their own hydrographic
    services to meet their conservancy requirements and also to undertake
    improvement of their existing facilities.

    Importance of Hydrographic
    surveying:-
    Following are the uses of hydrographic survey:-
    1.Depth of bed can be determined.
    2.Shore lines can be determined.
    3.Navigation Chart preparation.
    4.Locating mean sea level.
    5.Scouring,silting and irregularities of the bed can be identified.
    6.Tide measurement.
    7.River and stream discharge measurement.
    8.Massive structure like bridges, dams and harbors are planned.
    Methodologies of Hydrographic
    surveying over History:-
    1.Lead lines, Sounding poles and single beam eco-sounder methods.

    2.Wire drag surveying.

    3.Modern methods:-

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