16 Tenses in English
16 Tenses in English
16 Tenses in English
CHAPTER I
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
We use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something which
is happening at the time of speaking.
Example : Please dont make so much noise. Im studying.
We also use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something
which is happening around the time of speaking, but not necessarily exactly at
the time of speaking.
Example : Silvia is learning English at the moment.
We often use the Present Continuous when we talk about a period around the
present.
Example :Youre working hard today. Yes, I have a lot of to do
We use the present continuous when we talk about the changing situation.
Example : The population without jobs is increasing very fast.
The adverbs of time used in Present Continous tense are NOW, RIGHT NOW,
,ETC
Examples :
1. I am studying English now.
2. We are going to Jakarta tomorrow (akan)
3. You are singing now.
4. He is making a cake now.
5. she is sewing a shirt now.
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EXERCISE 2 : Change the following sentences into (+), (-), and (?)
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CHAPTER 2
PAST TENSE
The adverbs of time used in this tense are Yesterday, last
.., a week ago, this
morning , last night, yesterday morning, yesterweek, yestermonth, yesteryear,
etc.
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3. Did they play football in the field yesteryear? Yes, they did/No, they
didnt
Examples:
1. What did John see in the river yesterday ? a crocodile
2. When did John see a crocodile in the river? yesterday
Examples :
1. Who saw a crocodile in the river yesterday ? John did
2. What grew in the rice-field last year? A coconut tree did
EXERCISE II. Change the following sentences into (+), (-), ( ?), Present
Continous Tense.
1. Tom saw the cats having business under the tree yesterday
2. They played cricket at school last week
3. Did the policeman arrest the thief last night ?
4. The teacher did not attend the meeting this morning
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Chapter 3
PRESENT FUTURE TENSE
Offering to do something:
e.g. That bag looks heavy. Ill help with it.
Promising to do something.
e.g. I will come to your house tonight. I promise.
Example:
1. John will run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month.
2. Mrs.Maria Eva will play badminton tomorrow
Example:
1. John wont run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month.
2. Mrs.Maria Eva wont play badminton tomorrow
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1. will John run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month? Yes, He will/No,he wont.
2. will Mrs.Maria Eva play badminton tomorrow? Yes, She will/No, she wont
We often use will to be going to when we say what we have already decided to do,
what we intend to do in the future.
e.g. A:Theres a film on television tonight. Are you going to watch it?
B: No, I am too tired. I am going to have an early night.
The pattern :
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4. PRESENT TENSE
Present Tense is used to talk about something in general. And it is also used to talk
The pattern :
We use the present simple when wse say how often we do things:
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We use past continuous Tense to say that someone was in the middle of doing
something at a certain time. The action or situation had already started before this
time but hadnt finished:
This time last year I was living in Brazil
We often use the past continuous Tense and the past simple together to say that
something happened in the middle of something else:
When I was working in the garden, I hurt my back.
The pattern :
We often use the present perfect Tense to give new information or to announce
recent happening:
e.g. Do you know about Mary ? Shes gone to Jakarta.
We can use the Present Perfect Tense with already to say that something has
happened sooner than expected :
e.g. Dont forget to post this letter, will you? Ive already posted it.
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We can use the Present Perfect Tense with just (= a short time ago)
e.g. Would you like something to eat? No, thanks. Ive just had lunch.
We talk about a period of time that continuous up to the present, we use the
present perfect.
e.g. Dave: Have you travelled a lot, Nora?
Nora: Yes, I have been to 47 different countries.
We have to use present perfect Tense with This is the first time
, It the first time
e.g. This is the first time he has driven a car. (not drives)
We often use the present perfect with yet. Yet shows that the speaker is expecting
something to happen. Use yet only in questions and negative sentences: e.g. Has it
stopped raining yet ? (not did it stop).
The pattern:
We use the Past perfect to say that something had already happened before this
time :
Example :
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- George didnt want to come to the cinema with us because he had already seen
the film twice.
- It was my first time in an aeroplane. I was very nervous because I hadnt
flown before.
The pattern:
1. Rumah itu sangat sunyi ketika saya tiba. Semua orang sudah pergi tidur.
2. Saya merasa sangat lelah ketika saya pulang, jadi saya langsung pergi tidur
3. Saya tidak lapar, saya baru saja makan siang.
4. To tidak bearada di rumah ketika saya tiba. Dia baru saja keluar.
Example :
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Example :
- Mereka tengah mengerjakan PR ketika saya datang kemarin
1. Mereka sudah bermain bola selama satu jam ketika ada petir yang
menakutkan
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3. Orkestra itu sudah bermain selama sepuluh menit ketika seorang laki laki
berteriak
4. Saya sudah mengetik selama tiga puluh menit ketika listrik itu padam
Example :
3. Dia (pr) sedang akan menonton acara di stadion tersebut nanti malam
5. Para karyawan sedang akan menyelesaikan pekerjaan itu pukul 9 nanti malam
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Example :
1. John sudah akan selesai mengerjakan pekerjaanya menjelang akhir minggu ini
4. Kami sudah akan mendapat rumah baru menjelang akhir tahun ini
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Example :
1. Menjelang akhir tahun ini kami akan sudah mempelajari bahasa inggris
2. Menjelang hari natal saya akan sudah bekerja di kantor ini selama lima tahun
3. Menjelang liburan sekolah ini saya sudah mengikuti tes selama 5 kali
4. Menjelang hari raya idul fitri saya sudah akan dua kali pulang ke desa
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Example :
1. Jika saya jadi kamu, saya tidak akan membeli rumah itu
4. Jika saya dapat berbicara bahasa inggris, saya akan pergi keluar negeri
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Example :
1. Saya akan sedang menempuh ujian hari berikutnya pada waktu itu
waktu itu.
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Example :
pemilihan umum.
- He would have become a presiden if his party had won in general election
1. Jika saya telah mengetahui bahwa kamu sakit, saya akan menemuimu
2. Tom tidak akan mengikuti ujian itu jika dia mengetahui bahwa soalnya akan
begitu sulit.
5. Saya akan mengirim surat ini jika kamu telah selesai membuatmya
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Example :
- The meeting would have been starting since this morning if Mayor had come
on time.
1. Sedianya concert itu tengah akan dimulai andaikata artis artis itu datang pada
waktunya.
3. Andaikata ayah saya telah selesai berbelanja, ibu saya akan memasak
makanan itu
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1. I am = Im
2. You are = Youre
3. We are = Were
4. They are = Theyre
5. He is = Hes
6. She is = Shes
7. It is = Its
8. Will not = wont
9. Would not = Wouldnt
10. Do not = Dont
11. Does not = Doesnt
12. Did not = Didnt
13. Is not = Isnt
14. Are not = Arent
15. Was not = Wasnt
16. Were not = Werent
17. Have not = Havent
18. Has not = Hasnt
19. Had not = Hadnt
20. Can not = Cant
21. Could not = Couldnt
22. Must not = Mustnt
23. Should not = Shouldnt
24. Might not = Mightnt
25. May not = Maynt
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Penjelasan:
1. Kalimat pasif ialah suatu kalimat yang subjeknya dikenai oleh suatu perbuatan
atau yang predikatnya berawalan di
/ ter
2. Kata kerja yang digunakan harus kata kerja transitive, yaitu kata kerja yang
bisa diikuti oleh suatu objek atau benda.
3. Rumus kalimat pasif dalam bahasa inggris adalah sebagai berikut:
S + To be + V3 by
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Penjelasan :
1. Kata kerja yang dipakai dalam kalimat pasif ialah V3 (bukan V1, V2, V4)
2. Tenses dalam kalimat pasifditentukan aleh bentuk To be nya
3. TO BE bisa terdiri dari:
a. Satu kata saja (am/is/are/was/were) lihat nomor 5 dan 11.
b. Dua kata(will be,have been, has been, had been, would be) lihat
nomor1, 7, 9, 13. (am being-is being-are being-was being-were being)
no. 6 dan no. 12.
c. Tiga kata (will be being, will have been, have been being, has been
being, had been being, would be being and would have been) lihat
nomor 2, 3, 8, 10, 14 dan 15.
d. Empat kata (will have been being dan would have been being ) no. 4
dan 16.
4. Being dalam kalimat pasif menunjukan: Continuous.
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No. 13 s/d No. 16, hanya menambahkan kata Not, pada kata bantu yang pertama.
Lihat pada 16 Tenses kalimat pasip bentuk berita.
Note : Keterangan pelaku (by me, by us, by him, dst) dan keterangan waktu, bisa
dipakai bila diperlukan. Tergantung kepada : kondisi dan situasi dari tiap
kalimat yang diucapkan.
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13. Past Future Tense : Hanya mengubah : Will dengan Would dan keterangan
waktu
14. Past Future Continuous Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendiri)
15. Past Future Perfect Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendri)
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendiri)
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Rumus-Rumus Causative:
B. S + to have + something +
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THE 16 TENSES
RENUNGKAN:
1. to have, adalah bentuk : Infinitive (=kata kerja pokok) yang
berubah menurut Tenses tertentu. (dilahat 16 Tenses diatas).
3. V1, dalam rumus diatas tidak berubah dalam segala bentuk kalimat dan
bentuk Tenses apapun. V1, tetap V1, tidak ada perubahan.
4. V1 V2 V3 V4
have had had having
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PATTERN EXERCISE:
TASK : Make free statements according to the PATTERNS (rumus) below:
Eg :
2. Do +S + have + Us + V1
.?
Does
Eg :
3. QW + will + S + have + someone + V1 +
?
Eg : When
..
4. Who + has + someone +V1 +
?
Eg : Who has
5. Have + someone + V1 +
! = suruhlah
!
Eg :
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