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Java Primer 2: I/O Methods and Control Flow

The document discusses Java control flow statements like if, switch and loops including while, do-while and for loops. It also covers break, continue statements and methods for simple input and output in Java.

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Muhnnad Habib
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26 views

Java Primer 2: I/O Methods and Control Flow

The document discusses Java control flow statements like if, switch and loops including while, do-while and for loops. It also covers break, continue statements and methods for simple input and output in Java.

Uploaded by

Muhnnad Habib
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Presentation for use with the textbook Data Structures and

Algorithms in Java, 6th edition, by M. T. Goodrich, R. Tamassia,


and M. H. Goldwasser, Wiley, 2014

Java Primer 2: I/O Methods


and Control Flow

© 2014 Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser Java Primer 2 1


If Statements
 The syntax of a simple if statement is as
follows:

 booleanExpression is a boolean expression


and trueBody and falseBody are each either a
single statement or a block of statements
enclosed in braces (“{” and “}”).

© 2014 Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser Java Primer 2 2


Compound if Statements
 There is also a way to group a number
of boolean tests, as follows:

© 2014 Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser Java Primer 2 3


Switch Statements
 Java provides for multiple-value control flow using the
switch statement.
 The switch statement evaluates an integer, string, or
enum expression and causes control flow to jump to
the code location labeled with the value of this
expression.
 If there is no matching label, then control flow jumps to
the location labeled “default.”
 This is the only explicit jump performed by the switch
statement, however, so flow of control “falls through”
to the next case if the code for a case is not ended with
a break statement
© 2014 Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser Java Primer 2 4
Switch Example

© 2014 Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser Java Primer 2 5


Break and Continue
 Java supports a break statement that
immediately terminate a while or for loop
when executed within its body.
 Java also supports a continue statement
that causes the current iteration of a loop
body to stop, but with subsequent passes of
the loop proceeding as expected.

© 2014 Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser Java Primer 2 6


While Loops
 The simplest kind of loop in Java is a while
loop.
 Such a loop tests that a certain condition is
satisfied and will perform the body of the
loop each time this condition is evaluated to
be true.
 The syntax for such a conditional test before
a loop body is executed is as follows:
while (booleanExpression)
loopBody
© 2014 Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser Java Primer 2 7
Do-While Loops
 Java has another form of the while loop
that allows the boolean condition to be
checked at the end of each pass of the
loop rather than before each pass.
 This form is known as a do-while loop,
and has syntax shown below:
do
loopBody
while (booleanExpression)
© 2014 Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser Java Primer 2 8
For Loops
 The traditional for-loop syntax consists of four
sections—an initialization, a boolean condition, an
increment statement, and the body—although any of
those can be empty.
 The structure is as follows:
for (initialization; booleanCondition; increment)
loopBody
 Meaning:

© 2014 Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser Java Primer 2 9


Example For Loops
 Compute the sum of an array of doubles:

 Compute the maximum in an array of doubles:

© 2014 Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser Java Primer 2 10


For-Each Loops
 Since looping through elements of a
collection is such a common construct,
Java provides a shorthand notation for
such loops, called the for-each loop.
 The syntax for such a loop is as follows:
for (elementType name : container)
loopBody

© 2014 Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser Java Primer 2 11


For-Each Loop Example
 Computing a sum of an array of doubles:

 When using a for-each loop, there is no


explicit use of array indices.
 The loop variable represents one particular
element of the array.
© 2014 Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser Java Primer 2 12
Simple Output
 Java provides a built-in static object, called
System.out, that performs output to the “standard
output” device, with the following methods:

© 2014 Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser Java Primer 2 13


Simple Input
 There is also a special object, System.in, for performing input
from the Java console window.
 A simple way of reading input with this object is to use it to
create a Scanner object, using the expression
new Scanner(System.in)
 Example:

© 2014 Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser Java Primer 2 14


java.util.Scanner Methods
 The Scanner class reads the input stream and
divides it into tokens, which are strings of
characters separated by delimiters.

© 2014 Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser Java Primer 2 15


Sample Program

© 2014 Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser Java Primer 2 16


Sample Program

© 2014 Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser Java Primer 2 17


Sample Program

© 2014 Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser Java Primer 2 18

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