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I.

TITLE OF THE STUDY

ACADEMIC STRESSORS TOWARDS STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE OF THIRD


YEAR, BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION IN MINDANAO
POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

II. THE PROBLEM

A. Introduction

The body's response to the pressures of the world is stress. Itis a natural

response to a person's incapacity to deal with specific demands and events. It is not

only a stimulus or a response, but also a process of processing and coping with external

events. The impacts of stress include insomnia, headaches, backaches, constipation,

diarrhea, high blood pressure, heart disease, depression, and alcohol, cigarette, or drug

abuse, to name a few. Stressors are occurrences or circumstances that place a burden

on a person. Events or factors in your environment that can cause stress are known as

stressors. Individual responses to stimuli differ significantly. Age, sex/gender, ethnicity,

genetic predisposition, medical history, religious beliefs, physical fitness, attitudes and

behavior patterns, social support, education status, and socioeconomic background

may all play a role in the variations (Mazo, 2015).

People expected that students would be the least affected by any stress or

difficulties. Students were only expected to do one thing: study and studying was never

considered as a difficult chore. However, the expectations that adults had for their

children proved to be burdensome, as these expectations turned into heavier

responsibilities that these individuals could no longer bear. Academic stress has been

identified as the most major health barrier preventing college students from performing
well academically. Excessive coursework, poor time management and social skills, peer

competitiveness, and other common academic pressures have all been noted as some

of the most prevalent sources of stress in academic contexts (Fairbrother & Warn,

2003) stated in a journal by Reddy, Menon & Thattil (2018). It is not always a negative

thing to be stressed out. Stress is a double-edge sword that has the ability to make or

break a person. It was crucial to our hunter-gatherer forefathers' survival, and it remains

so in today's environment (Healthline, 2018). When it helps you escape an accident,

fulfill a tight deadline, or have your wits about you in the midst of mayhem, it can be

beneficial. Stress is normal in modest doses and can help people be more active and

productive. Extremely high levels of stress, on the other hand, can create serious

mental and physical difficulties if they persist for an extended length of time.

Research was intended to address concerns with academic stressors and their

impact on academic performance among third-year, Bachelor of Science in Customs

Administration at Mindanao Polytechnic College, students. This study also sought to

establish and prove the existence of a substantial association between the two variables

mentioned.

As a response, the researchers chose this issue because it was regularly

encountered in college but had not yet been completely solved. The researchers

wanted to find a suitable solution to the situation in addition to being concerned

students. This research will help to improve the students’ Academe.


B. Statement of the Problem

This study aims to describe the effect of academic stressors towards academic

performance of the third-year students of Bachelor of Science in Customs

Administration in Mindanao Polytechnic College.

Specifically, it will answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the third year, Bachelor of Science in

Customs Administration, students in Mindanao Polytechnic College in terms of:

1.1 age;

1.2 civil status;

1.3 subject liad

2. What academic stressors perceived by third-year, Bachelor of Science in

Customs Administration.

3. What is the academic performance of the third year, Bachelor of Science in

Customs Administration, students in Mindanao Polytechnic College?

4. Is the academic stressors significantly affect the student performance?

5. Is the student performance significantly affect academic stressors?

C. Review of Related Literature and Studies

A. Related Literature

Academic Stressors. Demographic profiles reveal that the majority of students

come from low-income families and have a limited budget for internet subscriptions,

Licayan, Chierife & Kim (2021) stated. The current condition of virtual learning is likely
to exacerbate existing inequalities and create barriers to online education (Rotas &

Cahapay, 2020). In addition, in a content analysis by Talidong & Toquero (2020) on

their study, “Philippine Teachers’ Practices to Deal with Anxiety amid COVID-19,

Journal of Loss and Trauma”, showed that the following categories of difficulties in

virtual learning are stressors. This just goes to show how high the level of academic

stress is during the Covid-19 pandemic. As per Fairbrother & Warn (2003) in “Academic

Stress and its Sources Among University Students” by Reddy, Menon & Thattil (2018),

some of the most common sources of academic stress are excessive assignments,

poor time management, and peer competition.

Excessive Assignments. As per Bataineh (2013) in “Academic Stress Amongst

Students: A Review of Literature” by Jain & Singhai (2017), he measured that one of the

academic stressor’s students’ experienced at the University is unreasonable academic

overload. Excessive homework has recently been linked to high stress levels, physical

health issues, and a lack of balance in children's lives. Over time, this stress might pose

major issues for a developing brain. When stressed, the brain produces cortisol, which

reduces immune function and processing speed.

Poor Time Management. According to Hen (2018), he stated that Academic

procrastination is a common occurrence among students, and it has a severe impact on

their health and performance. Procrastination is a common productivity stumbling block.

Students frequently postpone tasks until the last minute, even when they are aware that

doing so will cause them stress. As per Homisak (2012) in an article “Impact of

Procrastination and Time-Management on Academic Stress among Undergraduate

Nursing Students: A Cross Sectional Study” by Nayak (2019) he supported that leaving
things till the last-minute causes tension and worry which will make harder for students

to focus on the task on hand.

Peer Competition. Peer influence can be beneficial or harmful. According to

Kharjana, Pariat, Rynjah & Joplin (2014) in a journal, “The Level of Academic and

Environmental Stress among College Students: A Case in the College of Education” by

Yikealo, Yemane & Karvinen (2018), they reported that, “academic stressors originate

from… competition with other students [peer competition]”. It can either aid introvert kids

shape their personality in a positive way or act as a hindrance and cause stress (Jain &

SInghai, 2017). To make the most of peer competition, learners must have wisdom and

surround themselves with positive peers.

Academic Performance. As per Martinez (1997) in “School Performance” by

Lamas (2015), academic performance is “the product given by the students, and it is

usually expressed through school grades” (p. 34). Academic performance refers to how

well a student performs in a wide range of subjects. Also, according to Narad and

Abdullah (2016), the success or failure of any academic institution is determined by the

academic achievement of students. Magulod (2019) stated that, academic achievement

is assessed by performance, classroom assessments, assignments, outputs, and major

examinations, as well as the display of learning results. They stressed that it indicates

and measures how well an institution, its teachers, and its learners have attained their

educational goals.

Educators and researchers have focused a lot of attention on factors that help

students enhance their academic performance (Abaidoo, 2018). Hence, academic


achievement of students is a measure of a great learning experience in any school

setting, especially in higher education institutions.

B. Related Studies

According to Pineda and Bueno, (2019) mental health is one of the most

wonderful feelings in the world. Simply knowing that you are not stressed is a breath of

fresh air. Each student experiences an extremely stressful period of their lives when a

new academic year begins. The study demonstrates that senior high school students

have a favorable appraisal of their mental health in terms of school, home, personal,

and health. Certain anomalies in their responses to school-based mental health

assessments may be linked to the need for more assistance with arithmetic and other

core courses. This is related to the present study because it also discusses in the study

of Pineda and Bueno the mental health issue which is a primary concern of the stress.

Similarly, the purpose of this study was to assess students' academic stress

levels in response to personal inadequacy, fear of failure, interpersonal difficulties with

teachers, and insufficient learning resources during the Covid-19 pandemic. According

to demographic profiles, the majority of students have a low monthly family income and

receive a meagre allowance for internet subscriptions. Additionally, it demonstrates that,

due to the rigor of the course pack's requirements, the majority of students allotted

numerous hours every day to complete the lessons. The current findings indicate that

the institution's intervention strategies should include both academic and non-academic

services (Licayan et al. (2021). Additionally, the current study includes a sub-variable

about the course pack needs or assessment overload, which is substantially related to

this study.
Prabu (2015) states that stress might occur as a result of working in a fast-paced

environment, solving challenging tasks, or listening to someone rant. It might be

induced by conflict, decision-making, or other abilities-stretching activities, or it can

occur as a result of various social demands on time. Academic stress is mild among

upper secondary pupils, regardless of subsample size. Male students face greater

academic stress than female ones. Academic stress is greater for urban students than

for rural students. Academic stress is lower for government school students than for

private school students. Academic stress is greater for students studying science

subjects than for those studying arts subjects. Academic stress is greater for students

whose parents have a literate degree of education than for their peers.

Furthermore, according to Clabaugh, Duque, and Fields (2021), the female

students reported lower emotional well-being than male students, while students of

colour expressed much more stress and anxiety about their academic destiny than

white students. These findings imply that certain students may be particularly vulnerable

to scholastic stress and poor emotional well-being as a result of the epidemic,

highlighting the critical need for intervention and preventative initiatives. Clabaugh's

study focuses more on academic destiny, which is also a focus variable in an existing

study on the effects of academic stressors on students' academic success.

Students enrolled at health cluster colleges expressed significant levels of

academic stress and self-medication. Examinations and course load were regarded as

key sources of stress. Counselling sessions with students and self-care counselling by

pharmacists may aid in the reduction of such pressures and promote responsible self-

medication. Curriculum self-evaluation and quality assurance processes may identify


areas for course development. This may assist kids in reducing academic stress

(Rasheed, Nagvi, and Ahmad, 2017).

On the other hand, in the sense of academic performance of the students, the

study findings of Tus (2021) indicates that over half of respondents had moderate to

severe sadness, stress, or anxiety. In conclusion, students who have severe mental

health problems can nonetheless attain academic success. However, students' mental

health should constantly be monitored and they should be assisted in coping with life

challenges, even more so during current pandemic catastrophe. This is relevant to the

current study because the aforementioned study also explores how academic pressures

affect students' academic progress.

The difference test found that academic performance, father's occupation, and

the sort of high school from which they graduated all predicted substantial differences in

their perceptual learning styles. They also had shown disparities in their study habits

when classified according to their high school academic standing, writing abilities,

moms' education, and test anxiety. Finally, strong correlations were found between

students' learning styles, study habits, and academic achievement in applied science

courses. The study's conclusions can assist instructors in planning and delivering

appropriate instructional interventions (Magulod, 2018).

Likewise, it was shown in the study of Arshad, Zaidi and Mahmood (2015) that self-

esteem and academic performance had a substantial association. Additionally, a

substantial difference in self-esteem and academic performance scores was discovered

between male and female students, indicating that female students had higher
academic performance scores than male students and male students have higher self-

esteem ratings than female students.

The study discovered a substantial association between pupils' stress levels and

academic achievement. Additionally, there is a strong correlation between personal

stress, interpersonal stress, environmental stress, achievement stress, and academic

success. As a result, it was advised that colleges collaborate with the Counselling and

Human Development department to host stress management seminars and workshops.

Additionally, it is recommended that university officials create an environment conducive

to academic excellence and stress reduction (Olape et al., 2017).

Lastly, Jain and Singhai, 2017 includes that the stress is always viewed as a

subjective phenomenon that comprises an individual's unique analysis and response to

a potentially dangerous situation.Stress can manifest itself in the form of depression,

anxiety, and a variety of other dangerous diseases. The increase in the number of

stress management workshops done, numerous publications published, and research

papers produced, etc., is a result of the escalation of stress-related cases during the last

several decades. The purpose of this study is to examine the conceptual framework of

stress, the sources of stress among students, and the methods for managing stress.

This is relevant to the current study since it underlines the need of managing stress in

order to improve students' academic performance. Additionally, the current study is

planned to generate recommendations for resolving the existent situation.


D. Conceptual Framework

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework


E. Significance of the Study

The following are the beneficiaries and benefits of this study.

Third-year Bachelor of Science Custom Administration Students - this will

inform them whether their academic performance and stressors are related. They would

also be able to make changes in response to the problem.

Professors – this will be able to identify typical academic stressors, as well as

how stress may affect their students' learning capacity, and will be able to devise

strategies to support their students.

School administrators and Deans - This will assist them in determining what

needs to be improved. It will enhance their skills since they were always honing their

ability to assist the school, teachers, and college students with the problem.

Researchers – this will allow them to better understand the relationship between

academic stressors and academic achievement of students. It will also assist the

researchers in arriving at a suitable answer to the topic they are studying.

Future Researchers - this will act as a cross-reference that will provide

background on the study done as well as centralize and categorize the various concepts

presented and categorized to use as a new source of data for future researches in

relation to this study.

F. Scope and Delimitation

The study will focus only on the two variables which are the effects of academic

stressors and the student’s academic performance and how these two variables

associate each other. As to respondents of this study, it will be limited on the third year

Bachelor of Science in Customs Administration for the S.Y 2021-2022. Mindanao


Polytechnic College will be the chosen area which located at National Highway – Makar

Junction General Santos City.

G. Definition of Terms

For a better understanding of this study, the following terms are conceptually and

operationally defined.

Academic Performance – this refers to the knowledge gained which is

assessed by marks by a teacher and/or educational goals set by students and teachers

to be achieved over a specific period of time. In this study, it refers to the variable of the

dependent variable.

Academic Stressors - this refers to as the body’s response to academic-related

demands that exceed adaptive capabilities of students. In this study, it refers to as the

main variable of the independent variable.

Age – this refers to the length of time that a person has lived or a thing has

existed. In this study, it refers to the one of the sub-variables of the demographic profile

of the respondents.

Civil Status – this refers he distinct options that describe a person's relationship

with a significant other. Married, single, divorced, and widowed are examples of civil

status. In this study, it refers to the one of the sub-variables of the demographic profile

of the respondents.

Mindanao Polytechnic College - this refers to one of the prestige institutions of

General Santos City that offers Bachelor of Science in Custom Administrations. In this

study, it refers to the locale of the study or the place where the respondents of this study

can be found.
Third Year BS Custom Administration Students - this refers to the students

taking up the Bachelor of Science in Custom Administration in third year. In this study, it

refers to the respondents that are enrolled in the aforementioned course, academic year

2021-2022.

Subject Load - this refers to the amount of work to be done, it is either an

assignment, or services. In this study, it refers to the one of the sub-variables of the

demographic profile of the respondents.

III. OVERVIEW OF METHODOLOGY

A. Research Design

The current study employed a descriptive-correlational research design to

describe phenomena that are relevant to various contexts and scenarios encountered

by respondents, as well as to determine the relationship between two variables

(Calmorin, 2016).

The first variable was academic stressors, which will be used to collect extensive

information about the stressors in an academic setting. It will be described in this

design, and the outcome of this variable will be used to determine the relationship to

second variable which is the third year, Bachelor of Science in Customs Administration

student’s academic performance in Mindanao Polytechnic College.

B. Research Locale

This study will be conducted at Mindanao Polytechnic College, originally known

as Mindanao Polytechnic School (MPS). To trace the history of the locale, Capt. Aguilar

established Mindanao Polytechnic School, with the support of his wife, Susana, in
February 1980.Mrs. Susana R. Aguilar, an education graduate and business

entrepreneur, and Capt. Aguilar, a master mariner and former harbor pilot of the Port of

General Santos City, pooled their resources to found the only maritime school in the

SOCSKSARGEN area, one of Southern Mindanao's fastest-growing growth centers

(Mindanao Polytechnic College, 2018). In 1981, MPS was finally recognized when it

was approved as a full member of the prestigious Philippine Association of Maritime

Institutions (PAMI). MPS President Capt. Aguilar was elected as one of PAMI's officers

in the same year, and the school joined the Philippine Association of Private Technical

Institutions (PAPTI).

One of the most prominent maritime education institutes in south Mindanao,

Mindanao Polytechnic College, has become a byword among the industry. The

graduates' success in diverse industries has piqued the interest of manning businesses

from Manila and beyond, who have flocked to the college in search of more individuals

to fill their positions. The next page shows the map of the study's location.
Figure 2. Map of Mindanao Polytechnic College
B. Respondents of the Study

The respondents in this study will be the third-year college students at the

Mindanao Polytechnic College, specifically those pursuing a Bachelor of Science in

Customs Administration for the school year 2021-2022.

These are the respondents that will be picked since they had already dealt with

the pressures in an academic context for a long time. Furthermore, because the

respondents were also third-year Bachelor of Science in Customs Administration

students at the Mindanao Polytechnic College, the researchers will able to easily relate

and obtain the standard calculated data from the respondents.

C. Instruments of the Study

This study will use adapted-research questionnaire to get the data. This is in a

form of survey questionnaire through the 5 point-Likert scale. The researchers will only

base the questionnaire from the finished study that is already validated and evaluated.

The questionnaire must answer the statement of the problem of the study through the

tabulation of the data after the survey. There will be 15 questions to answer the

academic stressors affecting the habitual laziness of the students - 5 questions for the

excessive assignments, another 5 questions for the poor time management and 5

questions asking the peer competition. The academic performance on the other hand,

will be based only on the grades of the students. This is a standardized checked

interview in order for the student to easily respond to the questions.


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