1. -이 Adverbs: Dictionary Form Romanization Adverb Form Romanization
1. -이 Adverbs: Dictionary Form Romanization Adverb Form Romanization
1. -이 Adverbs: Dictionary Form Romanization Adverb Form Romanization
1. -이 Adverbs
Rule:
o 하 (ha) in 하다 (hada) verbs becomes 히 (hi)
Examples:
Example 1:
Therefore, the meaning becomes “carefully” from the verb meaning “to be careful.”
Example 2:
Therefore, the meaning becomes “comfortably” from the verb meaning “to be comfortable.”
2. -게 Conjugations
Rule:
o Replace 다 (da) of the word stem with 게 (ge).
Examples:
Here’s how you create adverbs from adjectives in the dictionary form.
Example 1:
The adjective 빠르다 (ppareuda) becomes 빠르게 (ppareuge).
Therefore, the meaning becomes “quickly” from the dictionary form “quick.”
Example 2:
Therefore, the meaning becomes “slowly” from the dictionary form “slow.”
3. -으로 Adverbs
으로 (euro) means “in some way.” Actually, it’s a postposition, not an adverb, but it becomes
an adverb when you translate Korean into English. Most of the stems for 으로 (euro) adverbs
use this suffix.
Here’s how you conjugate the dictionary form to the adverb form.
Example 1:
Example 2:
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Example:
오늘 대단히 즐거웠어요.
Oneul daedanhi jeulgeowosseoyo.
“I greatly enjoyed our time today.”
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열심 (yeolsim), “enthusiasm”
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특별히 찾는 것이 있으십니까?
Teukbyeolhi channeun geosi isseusimnikka?
“Are you looking for anything in particular?”
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미안, 내가 너무 늦게 전화했지?
Mian, naega neomu neutge jeonhwahaetji?
“I’m sorry. Am I calling too late?”
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지수는 항상 밝게 웃는것 같아.
Jisuneun hangsang balge unneungeot gata.
“Jisoo always smiles brightly.”
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새 옷을 싸게 사고 싶어?
Sae oseul ssage sago sipeo?
“Do you want to buy new clothes cheap?”
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28. 어렵게 (eoryeopge), “with difficulty [adv.]” / “the hard way [adv.]”
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Example:
저 사람은 회사에서 어렵게 지금의 위치에 올랐어.
Jeo sarameun hoesaeseo eoryeopge jigeumui wichie ollasseo.
“He achieved his position the hard way.”
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그 여자는 듣기 좋게 웃었다.
geu yeojaneun deutgi joke useotda.
“She laughed prettily.”
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그 사람이랑 대화할 때는 항상 웃고 자연스럽게 행동해.
Geu saramirang daehwahal ttaeneun hangsang utgo jayeonseureopge haengdonghae.
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옛날 이야기를 즐겁게 했어요.
Yennal iyagireul jeulgeopge haesseoyo.
“We talked pleasantly of old times.”
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편하게 앉으세요.
Pyeonhage anjeuseyo.
“Please sit comfortably.”
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그 두사람은 행복하게 오래오래 살았대.
Geu dusarameun haengbokage oraeorae saratdae.
“They lived happily ever after.”
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방을 깨끗하게 청소했어요.
Bangeul kkaekkeuthage cheongsohaesseoyo.
“I cleaned my room cleanly.”
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그 남자는 오늘밤 정말 멋지게 춤췄어.
Geu namjaneun oneulbam jeongmal meotjige chumchwosseo.
“He really danced beautifully tonight.”
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일반적으로 말하면…
Ilbanjeogeuro malhamyeon…
“Generally speaking …”
48. 자동으로 (jadongeuro), “automatically”
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Example:
문이 자동으로 열립니다.
Muni jadongeuro yeollimnida.
“The door will automatically open.”
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공식적으로 사과하세요.
gongsikjeogeuro sagwahaseyo.
“I want you to apologize formally.”
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사적 (sajeok), “personal”
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그 여자는 열광적으로 환호하였다.
geu yeojaneun yeolgwangjeogeuro hwanhohayeotda.
“She cheered enthusiastically.”
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극적 (geukjeok), “dramatic”
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그는 기적적으로 살아 남았다.
Geuneun gijeokjeogeuro sara namatda.
“He miraculously survived.”
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전적 (jeonjeok), “complete”
Example:
전적으로 동의합니다.
Jeonjeogeuro donguihamnida.
“I completely agree.”
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Example:
상대적으로 좁은 온도 범위 안에서만 작동한다.
Sangdaejeogeuro jobeun ondo beomwi aneseoman jakdonghanda.
“It works in a relatively narrow range of temperatures.”
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구체적으로 말하면
Guchejeogeuro malhamyeon
“to put it in detail”
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우리의 뇌는 세 가지 방법으로 작동한다. 지적으로, 본능적으로, 그리고
감정적으로.
Uriui noeneun se gaji bangbeobeuro jakdonghanda. Jijeogeuro, bonneungjeogeuro,
geurigo gamjeongjeogeuro.
“Our brains operate in three ways: intellectually, instinctually, and emotionally.”
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질적 (jiljeok), “qualitative”
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신입 사원들은 따로 교육을 받아요.
Sinip sawondeureun ttaro gyoyugeul badayo.
“New employees are trained separately.”
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차가 갑자기 멈춰섰다.
Chaga gapjagi meomchwoseotda.
“The car suddenly stopped.”
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자꾸 니 생각이나.
Jakku ni saenggagina.
“You are continuously on my mind.”
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내가 그 사람을 직접 만나 볼께.
Naega geu sarameul jikjeop manna bolkke.
“I am going to meet him in person.”
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난 우리 강아지가가 꼭 돌아올 것이라고 믿어.
Nan uri gangajigaga kkok doraol geosirago mideo.
“I strongly believe that my dog will surely come back.”
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막차 시간이 거의 다 됐네.
Makcha sigani geoui da dwaenne.
“It’s almost time for the last train.”
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당신과 함께 늙고 싶어요.
Dangsingwa hamkke neulkko sipeoyo.
“I want to grow old together with you.”
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넌 혼자가 아니야.
Neon honjaga aniya.
“You are not alone.”
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결코 못 잊을 거예요.
Gyeolko mot ijeul geoyeyo.
“I’ll never forget it.”
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원어민과 가능한 한 자주 말합니다.
Woneomingwa ganeunghan han jaju malhamnida.
“I speak as frequently as possible with native speakers.”
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수업 첫날은 항상 쓸모 없어요.
Sueop cheonnareun hangsang sseulmo eopseoyo.
“The first day of class is always useless.”
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언니는 가끔 나를 찾아와.
ㄸ onnineun gakkeum nareul chajawa.
“My sister visits me occasionally.”
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이 지방은 좀처럼 눈이 안 온와.
ㅑ jibangeun jomcheoreom nuni an onwa.
“It seldom snows in this region.”
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이 곳은 인가가 드물어.
I goseun ingaga deumureo.
“This place is sparsely populated.”
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어디에서도 그걸 볼 수가 없어.
Eodieseodo geugeol bol suga eopseo.
“I can’t see it anywhere.”
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바깥에 추운데 서 있지 마.
Bakkate chuunde seo itji ma.
“Don’t stand outside in the cold.”
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In general, many adverbs, called 부사 in Korean, are created by attaching 게 to to the end of an adjective
stem (A + 게). However, sometimes there is a more natural form, especially adverbs ending with the
syllable 히 or (으)로. Also since Korean and English are quite different languages, some of the adverbs
translated literally into English can sound awkward, for example '맛있게 먹다' means eat deliciously.
Also see: A + 게
밝다 to be bright 밝게 brightly
싸다 to be cheap 싸게 cheaply
Adverbs formed using adjective + 게
크다 to be large 크게 largely
분명히 <分明
definitely, clearly, certainly 분명하다 to be clear
―>
솔직히 <率直
honestly, frankly 솔직하다 to be frank, honest, open
―>
->
확실히 <確實-> certainly, for sure, for certain, definitely 확실하다 to be certain, sure
Some words originated from Chinese Character, like English word with Latin or Greek dervation. That's
why you may have some difficulty in finding relation between "특히" & "특별한"
There's some applications of "특". "특식" - special food "특실" - special room "특차" - specially selected and
uncountable applications because Chinese charcter has its own meaning and various combinations are
possible.
These are often formed with nouns, sometimes in conjunction with 적 attached to the noun as well.
협동 협동적으로 cooperatively
주기 주기적으로 regularly
Adjectives Ending with (으)로
획기 획기적으로 innovatively
잠정 잠정적으로 tentatively
고질 고질적으로 chronically
Other Adverbs
직접 - in person
없이 - without
많이 - many
일찍 - early
같이 - with, together. 같은 means same. If people has common mind, they could be together.
That's why Korean usually say "우리 아빠" (our dad) instead of "내 아빠" (my dad). Korean has more
concern about concept of community, though it is becoming more influenced by western style individualism.
깊이 - deeply. 깊은 is adjective/modifier.
꼭 - for sure
반드시 - at all cost, no matter what
보통 - usually
전혀 - never
자주 - often, frequently.
A+게