8

MATHEMATICS
Guided Learning Activity Kit
Reasoning
Quarter 2 - Week 6
Math– Grade 8
Guided Learning Activity Kit
Reasoning
Quarter 2- Week 6

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Guided Learning Activity Kit Development Team

Writer: Modesto A. Flores, Jr.
Editors: May Pampuan Bundang
Ramabelle A. Santiago
Reviewers: Ria Via V. Espiritu
Sherma R. Yap

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Rolyn V. Manansala
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 Reasoning

Introduction

Logic is a branch of Philosophy that deals with the methods of reasoning or

thinking. Police investigators use logic to solve criminal problems. They try to
establish the cause of death and link a suspect to the crime. Lawyers also use a kind
of reasoning to present their legal statements.
In the study of geometry, one of the main concerns is to give careful training
and practice in logical thinking and reasoning. You reason all the time, but you
seldom stop to analyze how you reason. Often in school, the teacher starts with a
question such as “Why are you late?”, “Why are you not in school uniform?”, or “Why
are you very noisy?”. You try to give reasons to answer “why”. Students practice
stating ideas clearly and correctly, giving correct and valid reasons to arrive at a
conclusion.
In this module, you will learn two kinds of reasoning, the use of mathematical
reasoning to prove a statement is always true and how to construct a mathematical
proof.

Learning Competencies

• determines the relationship between hypothesis and the conclusion of an if-

then statement. M8GE-IIf-1
• transforms a statement into a statement into an equivalent if-then statement.
M8GE-IIf-2
 Objectives

At the end of this Guided Learning Activity Kit, you are expected to:
1. determine the relationship between hypothesis and the conclusion of an if-
then statement; and
2. transform a statement into an equivalent if-then statement.

Review

Description: This activity is intended to elicit your prior knowledge regarding the
lesson.
Directions: Answer the question below and write your answer in the space provided
in the box.
Activity : I have a BOX!
What conclusions can you give why some students decided not to go to
school?

IN THE BOX

You gave your initial ideas on how to make conclusions based on given
situations. If you move further, the things that you will learn will enable
you to do the final project which involves mathematical investigation.

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 Discussion

Conditional Statement: If a car is in good condition, then it is safe for driving.

Hypothesis: A car is in good condition
Conclusion: It is safe for driving.

The above conditional statement may also be written in the following form:
A car is safe for driving if it is in a good condition.

In this form, the conditional statement is written without words “if” and
“then”.
Here are other examples:
Congruent segments have equal lengths.
A prime number has only two factors.

These conditional statements can be formed to the if-then form as follows:

If two segments are congruent, then they have equal lengths.

The implication 𝒑 ⟶ 𝒒 is always true except in the case that p is true and q is false.
See the truth table for the implications below.

T T T
T F F
F T T
F F T

Definition: A conditional statement, symbolized by p q, is an if-then statement

in which p is a hypothesis and q is a conclusion. The logical connector in a
conditional statement is denoted by the symbol . The conditional is defined to be
true unless a true hypothesis leads to a false conclusion.

Source: Grade 8 Mathematics Learner’s Material Page 325

Example 1:
Given: (p) I do my homework.
(q) I get my allowance
Problem: What does 𝒑 ⟶ 𝒒 represent?
Solution:
The sentence, "I do my homework" is the hypothesis and the sentence, "I get
my allowance" is the conclusion. Thus, the conditional p q represents the
hypothetical proposition, "If I do my homework, then I get an allowance." However,
as you can see from the truth table above, doing your homework does not guarantee
that you will get an allowance! In other words, there is not always a cause-and-effect
relationship between the hypothesis and conclusion of a conditional statement.

Example 2:
Given: (p) 8 is an odd number. false
(q) 9 is composite. true
Problem: What does 𝒑 ⟶ 𝒒 represent?

Solution: Since hypothesis p is false and conclusion q is true, the conditional 𝒑 ⟶

𝒒 is true.

Example 3:
Given: (p) 8 is an odd number. true
(q) 9 is composite. false
Problem: What does 𝒑 ⟶ 𝒒 represent?

Solution: Since hypothesis p is true and conclusion q is false, the conditional 𝒑 ⟶

𝒒 is false

You have just encountered conditional statements or the if-then

statements.
An If-then statement is composed of two clauses: the if-clause and then-
clause. We can denote a letter for each clause, p for the if-clause and q for the then-
clause. The statement is in the form, “If p then q.” Conditional statements are formed
by joining two statements p and q using the words if and then. The p statement is
called the hypothesis that tells us what is given or what is assumed. The q statement
is called the conclusion that tells us what to follow from the assumption.

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Activity: Then What?

Directions: Write each conditional statement in the “if-then” form. Then give the
hypothesis and the conclusion of each conditional statement.

1. The sum of the measures of complementary angles is 90 o.

If-then form ____________________________________________
Hypothesis ____________________________________________
Conclusion ____________________________________________

Answer:
If-then form: If the sum of measures is 90, then it is complementary angles.
Hypothesis: The sum of measure is 90
Conclusion: It is complementary angles.

2. Opposite sides of a rectangle are parallel.

If-then form ____________________________________________
Hypothesis ____________________________________________
Conclusion ____________________________________________

Answer:
If-then form: If the opposite side is parallel, then it is rectangle.
Hypothesis: the opposite side is parallel
Conclusion: It is rectangle

3. A triangle is a polygon with three sides.

If-then form ____________________________________________
Hypothesis ____________________________________________
Conclusion ____________________________________________

Answer:
If-then form: If the polygon is a triangle, then it has three sides.
Hypothesis: The polygon is a triangle
Conclusion: It has three sides.

4. A quadrilateral has four sides.

If-then form ____________________________________________
Hypothesis ____________________________________________
Conclusion ____________________________________________

Answer:
If-then form: If the polygon is quadrilateral, then it has four sides.
Hypothesis: The polygon is quadrilateral
Conclusion: It has four sides.
 5. Two points determine a line.
If-then form ____________________________________________
Hypothesis ____________________________________________
Conclusion ____________________________________________

Answer:
If-then form: If it has two points, then it determines a line.
Hypothesis: It has two points
Conclusion: it determines a line

Now that you are well-versed in converting conditional statements to if-then

form and can easily identify the hypothesis and the conclusion, when do you
say that the implication is true or false?

Description: Many statements that we encounter are logically constructed but NOT
valid or acceptable. This activity deals with determining which statement is valid or
not.

Activity: Let’s Validate!

Directions: Tell whether the second statement is a valid consequence of the first
statement.
1. Students who are good in mathematics are smart.
Rusty is smart, then he is good at mathematics.
2. Young actresses are health conscious.
Camille is a young actress then she is health conscious.
3. If it rains, then the sports fest will be cancelled.
It rains therefore the sports fest is cancelled.
4. If the lines are parallel, they do not intersect.
Line x and line y do not intersect; therefore, they are parallel.
5. If two angles are right angles, then they are congruent.
∠A and ∠B are congruent, then they are right angles.

For item 6, complete the statement and justify the answer

6. Miss Earth candidates are environmentalists.

Miss Sheri Love is a candidate to the Miss Earth search, therefore
___________________________________________________.

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 The given are logically constructed but only 1, 3 and 5 are considered VALID
and Acceptable.
No. 1 because it is accepted that when a student is smart probably, he is also
good in Math.
No. 3 because it’s a fact that the sports fest could be cancelled when it rains
because it is hard to play games when it rains.
No. 5 because if two angles are right angles then it is considered as congruent
based from the past congruent theorem.

Activities

Guided Practice
Directions: Write each conditional statement in the “if-then” form. Then give the
hypothesis and the conclusion of each conditional statement.

1. Cigarette smoking is dangerous to your health.

If-then form ____________________________________________
Hypothesis ____________________________________________
Conclusion ____________________________________________

2. It is more fun in the Philippines.

If-then form ____________________________________________
Hypothesis ____________________________________________
Conclusion ____________________________________________

3. A segment has exactly one midpoint.

If-then form ____________________________________________
Hypothesis ____________________________________________
Conclusion ____________________________________________

4. Angles in a linear pair are supplementary.

If-then form ____________________________________________
Hypothesis ____________________________________________
Conclusion ____________________________________________
 5. Vertical angles are congruent.
If-then form ____________________________________________
Hypothesis ____________________________________________
Conclusion ____________________________________________

6. The intersection of two lines is a point.

If-then form ____________________________________________
Hypothesis ____________________________________________
Conclusion ____________________________________________

7. Two intersecting lines lie in one plane.

If-then form _______________________________
Hypothesis _______________________________
Conclusion _______________________________

8. The sum of angles forming a linear pair is 180 o.

If-then form _______________________________
Hypothesis _______________________________
Conclusion _______________________________

9. Good citizens obey rules and regulations.

If-then form ____________________________________________
Hypothesis ____________________________________________
Conclusion ____________________________________________

10. Filipinos are God-fearing people.

If-then form ____________________________________________
Hypothesis ____________________________________________
Conclusion __________________________________________

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 Assessment

A. Directions: Write each conditional statement in the “if-then” form. Then give
the hypothesis and the conclusion of each conditional statement.

1. Beauty queens are long-legged.

2. Parents are supportive with their children.
3. An equilateral triangle has three equal sides.
4. All angles of a rectangle are right.
5. The area of a parallelogram is equal to the product of its base and height.

B. Directions: Read and answer the questions below. Select the letter of the best
answer from the given choices.

1. If m∠R + m∠M = 90o, then

a. ∠R ≅ ∠M
b. ∠R and ∠M are right angles
c. ∠R and ∠M are complementary
d. ∠R and ∠M are supplementary

2. The If-then form of the statement “Parallel lines never intersect,” is:
a. If two lines intersect, then they are parallel.
b. If two lines are parallel, then they never intersect.
c. If two lines are not parallel, then they intersect.
d. If two lines intersect, then they are not parallel.

3. If garbage is disposed of properly, the dengue disease will be prevented.

What do you call the underlined portion in this conditional statement?
a. Conclusion
b. Hypothesis
c. Argument
d. The converse

4. Which of the following statements is true?

a. If ∠1 has a measure of 90o, then ∠1 is obtuse.
b. If ∠1 has a measure of 140o, then ∠1 is acute.
c. If ∠1 has a measure of 35o, then ∠1 is acute.
d. If ∠1 has a measure of 180o, then ∠1 is right.

5. Rewrite the statement “A quadrilateral is a figure with four sides.” In the If-
then form.
a. A figure has four sides if and only if it is a quadrilateral.
 b. If a figure is a quadrilateral, then it has four sides.
c. If a figure has four sides, then it is a quadrilateral.
d. A figure is a quadrilateral if and only if it has four sides.

Reflection

My hashtag for this week’s lesson is #______________________________

because_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________.

Three questions I have in mind during this week’s lesson/ task:

1. ________________________________________________________________________.
2. ________________________________________________________________________.
3. ________________________________________________________________________.

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 References

e- math Intermediate Algebra by Orlando A. Oronce and Marilyn O. Mendoza

Priscila C. de Sagun et.Al., Our World of Math 7, Vibal Publishing House,

Inc., Quezon

Web links:
https://www.mathplanet.com/education/geometry/proof/if-then-statement
https://calcworkshop.com/reasoning-proof/conditional-statement/
https://www.mathgoodies.com/lessons/vol9/conditional
https://tutors.com/math-tutors/geometry-help/conditional-converse-
statements
https://www.varsitytutors.com/hotmath/hotmath_help/topics/conditional-
statements
https://math.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Mathematical_Logic_and_Proof/
Book%3 A_Mathematical_Reasoning_-
Writing_and_Proof_(Sundstrom)/1%3A_Introduction_to_Writing_Proofs_in_
Mathematics/1.1%3A_Statements_and_Conditional_Statements
https://www.guru99.com/c-if-else-statement.html
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Assessment
A. Guided Practice
1. If-then form: If you are Beauty queens then 1. If-then form: If you are smoking
you are long legged. cigarette then your health is in danger.
Hypothesis: You are Beauty queen. Hypothesis: Smoking cigarette
Conclusion: You are long legged. Conclusion: health is in danger.
2. If-then form: If you are parents then you are 2. If-then form: If it is fun then it is in the
supportive with your children. Philippines.
Hypothesis: You are parents. Hypothesis: It is Fun
Conclusion: You are supportive with your
Conclusion: It is in the Philippines
children.
3. If-then form: If it is equiangular triangle then 3. If-then form: If it is a segment then it
it has three equal angles. is exactly one midpoint.
Hypothesis: It is equiangular triangle. Hypothesis: it is a segment
Conclusion: It has three equal angles. Conclusion: exactly one midpoint.
4. If-then form: If it is square then all its angles 4. If-then form: If it is an angles in a
are right. linear pair, then it is supplementary
Hypothesis: It is square. Hypothesis: It is an angle in a linear
Conclusion: All its angles are right. pair
5. If-then form: If it is parallelogram then its Conclusion: It is supplementary
area is equal to the product of equal to the
5. If-then form: If the angles are vertical,
product of its base and height.
Conclusion: It is parallelogram. then they congruent.
Hypothesis: Its area is equal to the product Hypothesis: the angles are vertical
of its base and height. Conclusion: It is congruent
6. If-then form: If there is a point of
intersection, then it has two lines.
B. Hypothesis: There is a point of
1. C intersection
2. B Conclusion: it has two lines.
3. B 7. If-then form: If it is an intersecting
4. C line, then it is in one plane.
5. B Hypothesis: It is an intersecting line
Conclusion: it is in one plane.
8. If-then form: If the sum of angles is
Reflections: 180, then it is a linear pair.
Hypothesis: The sum of angles is 180
Answers may vary Conclusion: It is a linear pair.
9. If-then form: If you are a good citizen,
then you obey the rules and
regulation.
Hypothesis: You are a good citizen
Conclusion: You obey the rules and
regulation.
10. If-then form: If they are Filipino, then
they are God-fearing people.
Hypothesis: They are Filipino
Conclusion: They are God-fearing
people.
Key to Corrections
 Acknowledgment
The Schools Division of Zambales would like to express its heartfelt gratitude
to the following, who in one way or the other, have contributed to the successful
preparation, development, quality assurance, printing, and distribution of the
Quarter 2 Guided Learning Activity Kits (GLAKs) in all learning areas across grade
levels as a response to providing the learners with developmentally-appropriate,
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competencies (MELCs)-based activities anchored on the principles of guided learning
and explicit instruction:

First, the Learning Resources (LR) Development Team composed of the writers
and graphic artists for devoting much of their time and exhausting their best efforts
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Second, the content editors, language reviewers, and layout evaluators

making up the Division Quality Assurance Team (DQAT) for having carefully
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Third, the Provincial Government of Zambales, for unceasingly extending its

financial assistance to augment the funds for the printing of these learning resources
for use by learners and parents at home;

Fourth, the teacher-advisers and subject teachers, in close coordination with

the school heads, for their weekly distribution and retrieval of the GLAKs and for
their frequent monitoring of the learners’ progress through various means; and

Finally, the parents and other home learning facilitators for giving the learners
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To deliver learning continuity in this challenging circumstance would not be

possible without your collective effort and strong commitment to serving our
Zambaleño learners.

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The Management Team

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Schools Division of Zambales

Zone 6, Iba, Zambales
Tel./Fax No.: (047) 602 1391
E-mail Address: zambales@deped.gov.ph
Website: www.depedzambales.ph