Reading 3

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Another myth of the ocean 

concerns Davy Jones, who in folklore is a mean-spirited


sovereign of the ocean’s depths. The name “Jones” is thought by some etymologists to have
been derived from the name “Jonah,” the Hebrew prophet who spent three days in a whale’s
belly.
According to tradition, any object that goes overboard and sinks to the bottom of the
ocean is said to have gone to Davy Jones’s locker, the ocean-sized, mythical receptacle for
anything that falls into the water. Needless to say, any sailor on the seas is not so eager to take
a tour of Davy Jones’s locker, although it might be a rather interesting trip considering all the
treasures located there.

1. The paragraph preceding this passage most probably discusses?


a.  The youth of Davy Jones
b. Davy Jones’s career as a sailor
c. A different traditional story from the sea
d. Preparing to travel on the ocean
e. Background of Davy Jones

2. The topic of the paragraph following the passage most likely is?
a. Valuable items located at the bottom of the ocean
b. Here Davy Jones is found today
c. Jonah and the whale
d. Preventing objects from falling overboard
e. Another etymologists

Another program instrumental in the popularization of science was Cosmos. This series, broadcast on
public television, dealt with topics and issues from varied fields of science. The principal writer and
narrator of the program was Carl Sagan, a noted astronomer and Pulitzer Prize-winning author.

3. The paragraph preceding this passage most probably discusses?


a. a different scientific television series
b. Carl Sagan’s scientific achievements
c. The Pulitzer Prize won by Carl Sagan
d. public television
e. Background of Carl Sagan

4. The paragraph following this passage most likely contains information on what?
a. The popularity of science
b. The program Cosmos
c. The astronomer Carl Sagan
d. The distances covered by tsunamis
e. Public television
5. The word “this” in line 1 refers to?
a. Carl Sagan
b. Narrator
c. Astronomer
d. Author
e. Cosmos

When a strong earthquake occurs on the ocean floor rather than on land, a tremendous force is
exerted on the seawater and one or more large, destructive waves called tsunamis can be
formed. Tsunamis are commonly called tidal waves in the United States, but this is really an
inappropriate name in the cause of the Tsunami is an underground earthquake rather than the
ocean’s tides.

Far from land, a tsunami can move through the wide open vastness of the ocean at a speed of 600 miles
(900 kilometers) per hour and often can travel tremendous distances without losing height and strength.
When a tsunami reaches shallow coastal water, it can reach a height of 100 feet (30 meters) or more
and can cause tremendous flooding and damage to coastal areas.

6. The paragraph preceding the passage most probably discusses?


a. tsunamis in various parts of the world
b. the negative effects of tsunamis
c. land-based earthquakes
d. the effect of tides on tsunamis
e. strong earthquake occurs on the ocean floor

7. Which of the following is most likely the topic of the paragraph following the passage?
a. The causes of tsunamis
b. The destructive effects of tsunamis on the coast
c. The differences between tsunamis and tidal waves
d. The distances covered by tsunamis
e. Tidal waves in the United States

8. The word “it” in line 8 refers to?


a. shallow coastal water
b. tsunami
c. land
d. ocean
e. coastal water
The teddy bear is a child’s toy, a nice soft stuffed animal suitable for cuddling. It is, however, a toy with
an interesting history behind it.

Theodore Roosevelt, or Teddy as he was commonly called, was president of the United States from 1901
to 1909. He was an unusually active man with varied pastimes, one of which was hunting. One day the
president was invited to take part in a bear hunt; and inasmuch as Teddy was president, his hosts
wanted to ensure that he caught a bear. A bear was captured, clanked over the head to knock it out, and
tied a tree; however, Teddy, who really wanted to hunt a bear, refused to shoot the bear and, in fact,
demanded that the bear be extricated from the ropes; that is, he demanded that the bear be set free.

The incident attracted a lot of attention among journalists. First a cartoon – drawn by Clifford K.
Berryman to make fun of this situation – appeared in the Washington Post, and the cartoon was widely
distributed and reprinted throughout the country. Then toy manufacturers began producing a toy bear
which they called a “teddy bear.” The teddy bear became the most widely recognized symbol of
Roosevelt’s presidency.

9. According to line 1 of the passage, what is a “teddy bear”?


a. A ferocious animal
b. The president of the United States
c. A famous hunter
d. A plaything
e. A hunter

10. Look at the word pastimes in paragraph 2. This word could best be replaced by’
a. past occurrences
b. previous jobs
c. hunting trips
d. leisure activities
e. wasting time

11. In line 10, a “cartoon” could best be described as


a. a newspaper
b. a type of teddy bear
c. a drawing with a message
d. a newspaper article
e. an article

12. The word “it” in line 1 refers to?


a. Teddy bear
b. Child
c. President
d. Hunter
e. United States

A supernova occurs when all of the hydrogen in the core of a huge star is transformed to iron and
explodes. All stars die after their nuclear fuel has been exhausted. Stars with little mass die gradually,
but those with relatively large mass die in a sudden explosion, a supernova. The sudden flash of light can
then be followed by several weeks of extremely bright light, perhaps as much light as twenty million
stars.

Supernova are not very common; they occur about once every hundred years in any galaxy, and in 1987
a supernova that could be seen by the naked eye occurred in the Magellan Cloud, a galaxy close to the
Milky Way. Scientists periodically detect supernovae in other galaxies; however, no supernovae have
occurred in the Milky Way (the galaxy that includes Earth) since 1604. One very impressive supernova
occurred in the Milky Way on July 4, 1054. There was a great explosion followed by three months of
lighted skies, and historical chronicles of the time were full of accounts and unusual explanations for the
misunderstood phenomenon – may people believed that it meant that the world was coming to an end.

13. A “supernova” in line 1 is which of the following?


a. The iron component of a star
b. The core of a star
c. The hydrogen in a star
d. The explosion of a star
e. The nuclear

14. According to the passage, which of the following best describes the “Magellan Cloud” in line 7?
a. A galaxy inside the Milky Way
b. A cloud composed of hydrogen
c. A galaxy near Earth’s galaxy
d. A cloud in the sky above the Earth
e. A Scientist

15. Look at the expression Milky Way in paragraph 2. The Milky Way is?


a. part of Earth
b. a galaxy close to Earth
c. the galaxy that is home to Earth
d. a creamy-colored cloud in the sky
e. A cloud

16. “a supernova could be seen by the naked eye occurred in the Magellan Cloud”. The active voice
is?
a. a supernova that could see by the naked eye occurred in the Magellan Cloud
b. the naked eye could see a supernova occurred in the Magellan Cloud
c. the naked eye could be seen a supernova occurred in the Magellan Cloud
d. a supernova could be see by the naked eye occurred in the Magellan Cloud
e. the naked eye could seen be a supernova occurred in the Magellan Cloud

Recycling is a collection, processing, and reuse of materials that would otherwise be thrown
away. Materials ranging from precious metals to broken glass, from old newspapers to plastic
spoons, can be recycled. The recycling process reclaims the original material and uses it in new
products.
In general, using recycled materials to make new products costs less and requires less energy
than using new materials. Recycling can also reduce pollution, either by reducing the demand for
high-pollution alternatives or by minimizing the amount of pollution produced during the
manufacturing process.
Paper products that can be recycled include cardboard containers, wrapping paper, and office
paper. The most commonly recycled paper product is newsprint. In newspaper recycling, old
newspapers are collected and searched for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminum foil.
The paper goes to a processing plant where it is mixed with hot water and turned into pulp in a
machine that works much like a big kitchen blender. The pulp is screened and filtered to remove
smaller contaminants. The pulp then goes to a large vat where the ink separates from the paper
fibers and floats to the surface. The ink is skimmed off, dried and reused as ink or burned as
boiler fuel. The cleaned pulp is mixed with new wood fibers to be made into paper again.
Experts estimate the average office worker generates about 5 kg of wastepaper per month. Every
ton of paper that is recycled saves about 1.4 cu m (about 50 cu ft) of landfill space. One ton of
recycled paper saves 17 pulpwood trees (trees used to produce paper).

17. The following things can be recycled, EXCEPT….


A. Precious metals
B. Broken glass
C. Old newspapers
D. Plastic spoons
E. Fresh vegetables and fruits

18. Which of the following is NOT the benefit of recycling?


A. It costs much money for the process of recycling
B. It costs less to make new products
C. It requires less energy
D. It can reduce pollution
E. It reduces the demand for high-pollution alternatives

19. What is the third step of recycling paper products?


A. Collect and search for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminium foil
B. Mix the paper with hot water in a blender which turns it into pulp
C. Screen and filter the pulp to remove smaller contaminants
D. Put the pulp to a large vat to separate the ink from the paper fibres
E. Mix the pulp with new wood fibres to be made into paper again

20. We can make use of the ink after being separated from the paper fibres by doing the followings,
EXCEPT….
A. Skim it off
B. Dry it
C. Reuse as ink
D. Burn as boiler fuel
E. Mix it with the pulp

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