Chemistry 101

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Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions

Student:
___________________________________________________________________________

1. An atom of bromine has a mass about four times greater than that of an atom of neon. Which
choice makes the correct comparison of the relative numbers of bromine and neon atoms in
1,000 g of each element? 

A. The number of bromine and neon atoms is the same.


B. There are one thousand times as many bromine atoms as neon atoms.
C. There are one thousand times as many neon atoms as bromine atoms.
D. There are four times as many neon atoms as bromine atoms.
E. There are four times as many bromine atoms as neon atoms.
 
2. An atom of bromine has a mass about four times greater than that of an atom
of neon. How many grams of neon will contain the same number of atoms as 1,000 g of
bromine? 

A. 4 g Ne
B. 250 g Ne
C. 400 g Ne
D. 1,000 g Ne
E. 4,000 g Ne
 
3. What is the average mass, in grams, of one atom of iron? 

A. 6.02  1023 g
B. 1.66  10-24 g
C. 9.28  10-23 g
D. 55.85 g
E. 55.85  10-23 g
 
4. What is the mass, in grams, of one arsenic atom? 

A. 5.48  10-23 g
B. 33.0 g
C. 74.9 g
D. 1.24  10-22 g
E. 8.04  1021 g
 

1
5. What is the mass, in grams, of one copper atom? 

A. 1.055  10-22 g
B. 63.55 g
C. 1 amu
D. 1.66  10-24 g
E. 9.476  1021 g
 
6. The mass of 1.21  1020 atoms of sulfur is 

A. 3.88  1021 g.
B. 2.00 mg.
C. 32.06 g.
D. 6.44 mg.
E. 2.00  10-4 g.
 
7. The mass of 1.63  1021 silicon atoms is 

A. 2.71  10-23 g.
B. 4.58  1022 g.
C. 28.08 g.
D. 1.04  104 g.
E. 7.60  10-2 g.
 
8. What is the mass of 7.80  1018 carbon atoms? 

A. 1.30  10-5 g
B. 6.43  103 g
C. 7.80  1018 g
D. 1.56  10-4 g
E. 12.01 g
 
9. If 0.274 moles of a substance weighs 62.5 g, what is the molar mass of the substance, in units of
g/mol? 

A. 2.28  102 g/mol


B. 1.71  101 g/mol
C. 4.38  10-3 g/mol
D. 2.17  102 g/mol
E. none of these
 

2
10. One mole of iron 

A. is heavier than one mole of lead (Pb).


B. is 77.0 g of iron.
C. is 26.0 g of iron.
D. weighs the same as one mole of lead.
E. is none of these.
 
11. Which of these quantities does not represent 1.00 mol of the indicated substance? 

A. 6.02  1023 C atoms


B. 26.0 g Fe
C. 12.01 g C
D. 65.4 g Zn
E. 6.02  1023 Fe atoms
 
12. One nanogram doesn't seem like a very large number. How many magnesium atoms are there in
1.00 ng of magnesium? 

A. 4.11  10-11 atoms


B. 2.48  1013 atoms
C. 6.83  10-35 atoms
D. 6.02  1014 atoms
E. 1.46  1034 atoms
 
13. How many silicon atoms are there in 1.00 g of silicon? 

A. 1 atom
B. 0.0356 atoms
C. 2.57  1023 atoms
D. 2.14  1022 atoms
E. 1.75  1025 atoms
 
14. How many atoms are in 5.54 g of F2? 

A. 6.02  1023 atoms


B. 0.146 atoms
C. 0.292 atoms
D. 8.78  1022 atoms
E. 1.76  1023 atoms
 
15. How many atoms are in 4.39 g of CO2? 

A. 1.80  1023 atoms


B. 6.01  1022 atoms
C. 1.16  1026 atoms
D. 6.04  1024 atoms
E. 1.81  1025 atoms
 
3
16. How many atoms are in 0.0728 g of PCl3? 

A. 1.28  1021 atoms


B. 4.38  1022 atoms
C. 4.39  1021 atoms
D. 3.19  1020 atoms
E. 6.02  1024 atoms
 
17. Determine the number of moles of aluminum in 96.7 g of Al. 

A. 0.279 mol
B. 3.58 mol
C. 7.43 mol
D. 4.21 mol
E. 6.02  1023 mol
 
18. Calculate the number of moles of xenon in 12.0 g of xenon. 

A. 1.00 mol
B. 0.0457 mol
C. 0.183 mol
D. 7.62  10-3 mol
E. 0.0914 mol
 
19. How many moles of CF4 are there in 171 g of CF4? 

A. 0.51 mol
B. 1.94 mol
C. 4.07 mol
D. 88.0 mol
E. 171 mol
 
20. How many moles of NH3 are there in 77.5 g of NH3? 

A. 0.220 mol
B. 4.55 mol
C. 14.0 mol
D. 1.31  103 mol
E. none of these
 
21. Calculate the number of moles of cesium in 50.0 g of cesium. 

A. 0.376 mol
B. 0.357 mol
C. 2.66 mol
D. 2.80 mol
E. 0.0200 mol
 

4
22. Which of the following samples contains the greatest number of atoms? 

A. 100 g of Pb
B. 2.0 mole of Ar
C. 0.1 mole of Fe
D. 5 g of He
E. 20 million O2 molecules
 
23. Calculate the molecular mass of potassium permanganate, KMnO 4. 

A. 52 amu
B. 70 amu
C. 110 amu
D. 158 amu
E. 176 amu
 
24. Calculate the molecular mass of menthol, C10H20O. 

A. 156 amu
B. 140 amu
C. 29 amu
D. 146 amu
E. 136 amu
 
25. What is the molar mass of acetaminophen, C8H9NO2? 

A. 43 g/mol
B. 76 g/mol
C. 151 g/mol
D. 162 g/mol
E. 125 g/mol
 
26. What is the molar mass of nicotine, C10H14N2? 

A. 134 g/mol
B. 148 g/mol
C. 158 g/mol
D. 210 g/mol
E. 162 g/mol
 
27. What is the mass of 0.0250 mol of P2O5? 

A. 35.5 g
B. 5676 g
C. 0.0250 g
D. 1.51  1022 g
E. 3.55 g
 

5
28. Calculate the mass of 3.00 moles of CF2Cl2. 

A. 3.00 g
B. 174 g
C. 363 g
D. 1.81  1024 g
E. 40.3 g
 
29. The molecular formula of aspirin is C9H8O4. How many aspirin molecules are present in one 500-
milligram tablet? 

A. 2.77 molecules
B. 2.77  10-3 molecules
C. 1.67  1024 molecules
D. 1.67  1021 molecules
E. none of these is correct.
 
30. Formaldehyde has the formula CH2O. How many molecules are there in 0.11 g of
formaldehyde? 

A. 6.1  10-27
B. 3.7  10-3
C. 4
D. 2.2  1021
E. 6.6  1022
 
31. How many molecules are there in 8.0 g of ozone, O 3? 

A. 3 molecules
B. 3.6  1024 molecules
C. 1.0  1023 molecules
D. 3.0  1023 molecules
E. 6.0  1023 molecules
 
32. How many moles of HCl are represented by 1.0  1019 HCl molecules? 

A. 1.7  10-5 mol


B. 1.5  10-3 mol
C. 1.0  1019 mol
D. 36.5 mol
E. 6.02  104 mol
 

6
33. How many sodium atoms are there in 6.0 g of Na 3N? 

A. 3.6  1024 atoms


B. 4.6  1022 atoms
C. 1.3  1023 atoms
D. 0.217 atoms
E. 0.072 atoms
 
34. How many moles of oxygen atoms are there in 10 moles of KClO 3? 

A. 3 mol
B. 3.3 mol
C. 10 mol
D. 30 mol
E. 6.02  1024 mol
 
35. How many sulfur atoms are there in 21.0 g of Al 2S3? 

A. 8.42  1022 atoms


B. 2.53  1023 atoms
C. 2.14  1023 atoms
D. 6.02  1023 atoms
E. 6.30  1026 atoms
 
36. How many sulfur atoms are present in 25.6 g of Al 2(S2O3)3? 

A. 0.393
B. 6
C. 3.95  1022
D. 7.90  1022
E. 2.37  1023
 
37. How many fluorine atoms are there in 65 g of CF 4? 

A. 0.74 atoms
B. 3.0 atoms
C. 4.5  1023 atoms
D. 1.8  1024 atoms
E. 2.4  1023 atoms
 
38. How many moles of O atoms are in 25.7 g of CaSO4? 

A. 0.189 mol
B. 0.755 mol
C. 4.00 mol
D. 1.14  1023 mol
E. 4.55  1023 mol
 

7
39. How many O atoms are there in 51.4 g CaSO 4? 

A. 4
B. 2.40  1024
C. 1.13
D. 9.09  1023
E. 2.28  1023
 
40. How many moles of Cl atoms are there in 65.2 g CHCl 3? 

A. 0.548 mol
B. 1.09 mol
C. 3.3  1023 mol
D. 1.64 mol
E. 3.0 mol
 
41. How many carbon atoms are there in 10 lbs of sugar, C 12H22O11? 

A. 9.6  1025 atoms


B. 8.0  1024 atoms
C. 159 atoms
D. 4.21 atoms
E. 342 atoms
 
42. How many grams of sulfur are there in 6.0 g of Fe 2(SO4)3? 

A. 2.40 g
B. 0.48 g
C. 6.00 g
D. 0.92 g
E. 1.44 g
 
43. How many grams of sodium are there in 10. g of sodium sulfate, Na 2SO4? 

A. 0.16 g
B. 0.32 g
C. 3.2 g
D. 1.6 g
E. 142 g
 
44. How many grams of nitrogen are there in 7.5 g of Ca(NO 3)2? 

A. 0.64 g
B. 1.3 g
C. 0.15 g
D. 1.15 g
E. 2.3 g
 

8
45. The mass of four moles of molecular bromine (Br2) is 

A. 80 g.
B. 320 g.
C. 640 g.
D. 140 g.
E. 24  1023 g.
 
46. Calculate the mass of 4.50 moles of chlorine gas, Cl 2. 

A. 6.34  10-2 g
B. 4.5 g
C. 15.7 g
D. 160 g
E. 319 g
 
47. What is the mass of 3.00 moles of ethanol, C2H6O? 

A. 4.99  10-24 g
B. 138 g
C. 6.52  10-2 g
D. 50 g
E. 1.81  1024 g
 
48. What is the mass of 0.20 mole of C2H6O (ethanol)? 

A. 230 g
B. 46 g
C. 23 g
D. 4.6 g
E. none of these
 
49. What is the mass of 8.25  1019 UF6 molecules? 

A. 352 g
B. 0.0482 g
C. 1.37  10-4 g
D. 2.90  1022 g
E. 8.25  1019 g
 
50. An average atom of uranium (U) is approximately how many times heavier than an atom of
potassium? 

A. 6.1 times
B. 4.8 times
C. 2.4 times
D. 12.5 times
E. 7.7 times
 
9
51. Boron obtained from borax deposits in Death Valley consists of two isotopes. They are boron-10
and boron-11 with atomic masses of 10.013 amu and 11.009 amu, respectively. The atomic
mass of boron is 10.81 amu (see periodic table). Which isotope of boron is more abundant,
boron-10 or boron-11? 

A. This cannot be determined from data given.


B. Neither, their abundances are the same.
C. Boron-10
D. Boron-11
 
52. The element oxygen consists of three naturally occuring isotopes: 16O, 17O, and 18O. The atomic
mass of oxygen is 16.0 amu. What can be implied about the relative abundances of these
isotopes? 

A. More than 50% of all O atoms are 17O.


B. Almost all O atoms are 18O.
C. Almost all O atoms are 17O.
D. The isotopes all have the same abundance, i.e. 33.3%.
E. The abundances of 17O and 18O are very small.
 
53. The empirical formula of a compound of uranium and fluorine that is composed of 67.6%
uranium and 32.4% fluorine is 

A. U2F
B. U3F4
C. UF4
D. UF6
E. UF8
 
54. The percent composition by mass of a compound is 76.0% C, 12.8% H, and 11.2% O. The molar
mass of this compound is 284.5 g/mol. What is the molecular formula of the compound? 

A. C10H6O
B. C9H18O
C. C16H28O4
D. C20H12O2
E. C18H36O2
 
55. A compound was discovered whose composition by mass is 85.6% C and 14.4% H. Which of
these choices could be the molecular formula of this compound? 

A. CH4
B. C2H4
C. C3H4
D. C2H6
E. C3H8
 

10
56. What is the coefficient of H2O when the following equation is properly balanced with the smallest
set of whole numbers?

___ Na + ___ H2O  ___ NaOH + ___ H2 

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
 
57. What is the coefficient of H2O when the following equation is properly balanced with the smallest
set of whole numbers?

___ Al4C3 + ___ H2O  ___ Al(OH)3 + ___ CH4 

A. 3
B. 4
C. 6
D. 12
E. 24
 
58. When balanced with the smallest set of whole numbers, the coefficient of O 2 in the following
equation is:

__ C2H4 + __ O2  __ CO2 + __ H2O 

A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
E. 6.
 
59. When a chemical equation is balanced, it will have a set of whole number coefficients that
cannot be reduced to smaller whole numbers. What is the coefficient for O 2 when the following
combustion reaction of a hydrocarbon is balanced?

___ C7H14 + ___ O2  ___ CO2 + ___ H2O 

A. 42
B. 21
C. 11
D. 10
E. none of these
 

11
60. What is the coefficient preceding O2 when the following combustion reaction of a fatty acid is
properly balanced using the smallest set of whole numbers?

__ C18H36O2 + __ O2  __ CO2 + __ H2O 

A. 1
B. 8
C. 9
D. 26
E. 27
 
61. What is the coefficient of H2SO4 when the following equation is properly balanced with the
smallest set of whole numbers

___ Ca3(PO4)2 + ___ H2SO4  ___ CaSO4 + ___ H3PO4 

A. 3
B. 8
C. 10
D. 11
E. none of these
 
62. Balance the equation below using the smallest set of whole numbers. What is the coefficient of
H2O?

___ PCl3(l) + ___ H2O(l)  ___ H3PO3(aq)+ ___ HCl(aq) 

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 5
E. none of these
 
63. What is the coefficient of O2 when the following equation is properly balanced with the smallest
set of whole numbers?

___ CH3OH + ___ O2  ___ CO2 + ___ H2O 

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 7
E. none of these
 

12
64. Balance the following equation using the smallest set of whole numbers, then add together the
coefficients. Don't forget to count coefficients of one.

__ SF4 + __ H2O  __ H2SO3 + __ HF

The sum of the coefficients is 

A. 4.
B. 6.
C. 7.
D. 9.
E. none of these
 
65. Balance the following equation using the smallest set of whole numbers, then add together the
coefficients. Don't forget to count coefficients of one.

___ Cr + ___ H2SO4  ___ Cr2(SO4)3 + ___ H2

The sum of the coefficients is 

A. 4.
B. 9.
C. 11.
D. 13.
E. 15.
 
66. Balance the following equation using the smallest set of whole numbers, then add together the
coefficients. Don't forget to count coefficients of one.

___ Al + ___ H2SO4  ___ Al2(SO4)3 + ___ H2

The sum of the coefficients is

A. 3.
B. 5.
C. 6.
D. 9.
E. 12.
 

13
67. Balance the following equation using the smallest set of whole numbers, then add together the
coefficients. Don't forget to count coefficients of one.

___ CH4 + ___ Cl2  ___ CCl4 + ___ HCl

The sum of the coefficients is 

A. 4.
B. 6.
C. 8.
D. 10.
E. 12.
 
68. Ammonia reacts with diatomic oxygen to form nitric oxide and water vapor:

4NH3 + 5O2  4NO + 6H2O

When 40.0 g NH3 and 50.0 g O2 are allowed to react, which is the limiting reagent? 

A. NH3
B. O2
C. Neither reagent is limiting.
 
69. Ammonia reacts with diatomic oxygen to form nitric oxide and water vapor:

4NH3 + 5O2  4NO + 6H2O

When 20.0 g NH3 and 50.0 g O2 are allowed to react, which is the limiting reagent? 

A. NH3
B. O2
C. Neither reagent is limiting.
 
70. When 22.0 g NaCl and 21.0 g H2SO4 are mixed and react according to the equation below, which
is the limiting reagent?

2NaCl + H2SO4  Na2SO4 + 2HCl 

A. NaCl
B. H2SO4
C. Na2SO4
D. HCl
E. No reagent is limiting.
 

14
71. Vanadium(V) oxide reacts with calcium according to the chemical equation below. When 10.0
moles of V2O5 are mixed with 10.0 moles of Ca, which is the limiting reagent?

V2O5(s) + 5Ca(l)  2V(l) + 5CaO(s) 

A. V2O5
B. Ca
C. V
D. CaO
E. No reagent is limiting.
 
72. Chlorine gas can be made from the reaction of manganese dioxide with hydrochloric acid. Which
is the limiting reagent when 28 g of MnO2 are mixed with 42 g of HCl?

MnO2(s) + 4HCl(aq)  MnCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l) + Cl2(g) 

A. MnO2
B. HCl
C. MnCl2
D. Cl2
E. No reagent is limiting.
 
73. How many grams of Cl2 can be prepared from the reaction of 16.0 g of MnO 2 and 30.0 g of HCl
according to the following chemical equation?

MnO2 + 4HCl  MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O 

A. 0.82 g
B. 5.8 g
C. 13.0 g
D. 14.6 g
E. 58.4 g
 
74. Hydrochloric acid can be prepared by the following reaction:

2NaCl(s) + H2SO4(aq)  2HCl(g) + Na2SO4(s)

How many grams of HCl can be prepared from 2.00 mol H 2SO4 and 150 g NaCl? 

A. 7.30 g
B. 93.5 g
C. 146 g
D. 150 g
E. 196 g
 

15
75. Calculate the mass of FeS formed when 9.42 g of Fe reacts with 8.50 g of S.

Fe(s) + S(s)  FeS(s) 

A. 17.9 g
B. 87.9 g
C. 26.0 g
D. 14.8 g
E. 1.91  10-3 g
 
76. What is the theoretical yield of chromium that can be produced by the reaction of 40.0 g of Cr 2O3
with 8.00 g of aluminum according to the chemical equation below?

2Al + Cr2O3  Al2O3 + 2Cr 

A. 7.7 g
B. 15.4 g
C. 27.3 g
D. 30.8 g
E. 49.9 g
 
77. Calculate the mass of excess reagent remaining at the end of the reaction in which 90.0 g of SO 2
are mixed with 100.0 g of O2.

2SO2 + O2  2SO3 

A. 11.5 g
B. 22.5 g
C. 67.5 g
D. 77.5 g
E. 400 g
 
78. What is the maximum number of grams of ammonia, NH 3, that can be obtained from the reaction
of 10.0 g of H2 and 80.0 g of N2?

N2 + 3H2  2NH3 

A. 28.4 g
B. 48.6 g
C. 56.7 g
D. 90.0 g
E. 97.1 g
 

16
79. How many grams of water could be made from 5.0 mol H 2 and 3.0 mol O2? 

A. 90. g
B. 36 g
C. 42 g
D. 45 g
E. 108 g
 
80. Ammonia reacts with diatomic oxygen to form nitric oxide and water vapor:

4NH3 + 5O2  4NO + 6H2O

What is the theoretical yield of water, in moles, when 40.0 g NH 3 and 50.0 g O2 are mixed and
allowed to react? 

A. 1.30 mol
B. 1.57 mol
C. 1.87 mol
D. 3.53 mol
E. 2.87 mol
 
81. What is the theoretical yield of vanadium, in moles, that can be produced by the reaction of 2.0
mole of V2O5 with 6.0 mole of calcium based on the following chemical equation?
        V2O5(s) + 5Ca(l)  2V(l) + 5CaO(s)  

A. 1.0 mol
B. 1.6 mol
C. 2.0 mol
D. 2.4 mol
E. 4.0 mol
 
82. What is the theoretical yield of vanadium, in moles, that can be produced by the reaction of 1.0
mole of V2O5 with 4.0 mole of calcium based on the following chemical equation?
        V2O5(s) + 5Ca(l)  2V(l) + 5CaO(s)  

A. 1.0 mol
B. 1.6 mol
C. 2.0 mol
D. 0.80 mol
E. 3.2 mol
 

17
83. What is the theoretical yield of vanadium that can be produced by the reaction of 40.0 g of V 2O5
with 40.0 g of calcium based on the following chemical equation?
        V2O5(s) + 5Ca(l)  2V(l) + 5CaO(s)  

A. 11.2 g
B. 5.6 g
C. 22.4 g
D. 40.0 g
E. 20.3 g
 
84. How many grams of Cr can be produced by the reaction of 44.1 g of Cr 2O3 with 35.0 g of Al
according to the following chemical equation?
        2Al + Cr2O3  Al2O3 + 2Cr  

A. 7.56 g
B. 30.2 g
C. 67.4 g
D. 104 g
E. 60.4 g
 
85. What is the theoretical yield of aluminum that can be produced by the reaction of 60.0 g of
aluminum oxide with 30.0 g of carbon according to the following chemical equation?
        Al2O3 + 3C  2Al + 3CO  

A. 30.0 g
B. 7.9 g
C. 101.2 g
D. 45.0 g
E. 31.8 g
 
86. A 1.375 g sample of mannitol, a sugar found in seaweed, is burned completely in oxygen to give
1.993 g of carbon dioxide and 0.9519 g of water. The empirical formula of mannitol is 

A. CHO
B. CH7O3
C. C3H2O
D. C3H7O3
E. CH2O
 
87. A 0.8715 g sample of sorbic acid, a compound first obtained from the berries of a certain ash
tree, is burned completely in oxygen to give 2.053 g of carbon dioxide and 0.5601 g of water.
The empirical formula of sorbic acid is 

A. CH2O
B. C3H4O
C. CH4O3
D. C3H4O2
E. C2H4O2
 

18
88. The first step in the Ostwald process for producing nitric acid is

4NH3(g) + 5O2(g)  4NO(g) + 6H2O(g).

If the reaction of 150. g of ammonia with 150. g of oxygen gas yields 87. g of nitric oxide (NO),
what is the percent yield of this reaction? 

A. 100%
B. 49%
C. 77%
D. 33%
E. 62%
 
89. One way of obtaining pure sodium carbonate is through the decomposition of the mineral trona,
Na5(CO3)2(HCO3)·2H2O,

Na5(CO3)2(HCO3)·2H2O(s)  5Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + 3H2O(g)

When 1.00 metric ton (1  103 kg) of trona is decomposed, 0.74 metric ton of Na2CO3 is
recovered. What is the percent yield of this reaction? 

A. 93%
B. 43%
C. 22%
D. 83%
E. 17%
 
90. When octane (C8H18) is burned in a particular internal combustion engine, the yield of products
(carbon dioxide and water) is 93%. What mass of carbon dioxide will be produced in this engine
when 15.0 g of octane is burned with 15.0 g of oxygen gas? 

A. 13. g
B. 12. g
C. 21 g
D. 54. g
E. 43. g
 
91. The Hall process for the production of aluminum involves the reaction of aluminum oxide with
elemental carbon to give aluminum metal and carbon monoxide. If the yield of this reaction is
75%, what mass of aluminum metal can be produced from the reaction of 1.65  106 of
aluminum oxide with 1.50  106 g of carbon? 

A. 1.6  105 g
B. 3.3  105 g
C. 6.6  105 g
D. 8.7  105 g
E. 1.7  106 g
 

19
92. The Hall process for the production of aluminum involves the reaction of aluminum oxide with
elemental carbon to give aluminum metal and carbon monoxide. If the yield of this reaction is
82% and aluminum ore is 71% by mass aluminum oxide, what mass of aluminum ore must be
mined in order to produce 1.0  103 kg (1 metric ton) of aluminum metal by the Hall process? 

A. 1.8  103 kg
B. 2.2  103 kg
C. 1.1  103 kg
D. 1.6  103 kg
E. 3.3  103 kg
 
93. A method for producing pure copper metal involves the reaction of copper(I) sulfide with oxygen
gas to give copper metal and sulfur dioxide. Suppose the yield of this reaction is 87%. What
mass of a copper ore consisting of 46% copper(I) sulfide must be mined in order to produce 1.0
 103 kg (1.0 metric ton) of copper metal? 

A. 1.4  103 kg
B. 3.2  103 kg
C. 1.3  103 kg
D. 1.5  103 kg
E. 8.0  103 kg
 
94. Solid sodium hydrogen carbonate (also known as sodium bicarbonate) can be decomposed to
form solid sodium carbonate, gaseous carbon dioxide, and water vapor. When the balanced
chemical reaction for this process is written such that the coefficient of water is 1, what is the
coefficient of carbon dioxide? 

A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. ½
E. cannot be determined
 
95. Aluminum hydroxide reacts with nitric acid to form aluminum nitrate and water. What mass of
water can be formed by the reaction of 15.0 g of aluminum hydroxide with excess nitric acid? 

A. 1.15 g
B. 3.46 g
C. 45.0 g
D. 6.14 g
E. 10.4 g
 

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96. Liquid hexane, C6H14, burns in oxygen gas to yield carbon dioxide and water. What is the
minimum mass of oxygen required for the complete reaction of 10.0 mL of hexane?
[Given: density of hexane = 0.660 g/mL] 

A. 3.71 g
B. 2.45 g
C. 23.3 g
D. 46.6 g
E. 35.3 g
 
97. Liquid heptane, C7H16 , burns in oxygen gas to yield carbon dioxide and water. What mass of
carbon dioxide is produced when 15.0 mL of heptane burns completely?
[Given: density of heptane = 0.6838 g/mL] 

A. 46.1 g
B. 71.8 g
C. 4.49 g
D. 6.59 g
E. 31.5 g
 
98. Liquid heptane, C7H16, burns in oxygen gas to yield carbon dioxide and water. What mass of
water is produced when 15.0 mL of heptane burns completely?
[Given: density of heptane = 0.6838 g/mL] 

A. 14.8 g
B. 2.70 g
C. 31.6 g
D. 1.85 g
E. 21.6 g
 
99. Liquid heptane, C7H16, burns in oxygen gas to yield carbon dioxide and water. What is the
minimum mass of oxygen required for the complete reaction of 25.5 mL of heptane?
[Given: density of heptane = 0.6838 g/mL] 

A. 8.14 g
B. 89.6 g
C. 61.3 g
D. 30.6 g
E. 5.57 g
 
100. A gold wire has a diameter of 1.00 mm. What length of this wire contains exactly 1.00 mol of
gold?
[Given: density of Au = 17.0 g/cm3] 

A. 2630 m
B. 3.69 m
C. 251 m
D. 14.8 m
E. 62.7 m
 
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101. A silver wire has a diameter of 0.500 mm. What length of this wire contains exactly 1.00 mol of
silver?
[Given: density of Ag = 10.5 g/cm3] 

A. 52.3 m
B. 222 m
C. 13.1 m
D. 2.01 m
E. 890 m
 
102. A copper wire has a diameter of 2.00 mm. What length of this wire contains exactly 1.00 mol of
copper?
[Given: density of Cu = 8.92 g/cm3] 

A. 0.178 m
B. 0.567 m
C. 180 m
D. 45.1 m
E. 2.27 m
 
103. How many moles of aluminum are present in an Al cylinder with a mass of 15 g? 

 
104. How many moles of iron are present in an iron cylinder that weighs 25 g? 

 
105. Calculate the molecular mass, in g/mol, of CO2. 

 
106. Calculate the molecular mass, in g/mol, of H2SO4. 

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107. Calculate the molecular mass, in g/mol, of P4O10. 

 
108. Calculate the molecular mass, in g/mol, of C6H12O6. 

 
109. Calculate the mass of 4.00 moles of ICl3. 

 
110. How many ICl3 molecules are present in 4.00 moles of ICl 3? 

 
111. Calculate the mass of 7.00 moles of Mg. 

 
112. How many Mg atoms are present in 7.00 moles of Mg? 

 
113. Calculate the mass of 0.5 moles of H2O. 

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114. How many H2O molecules are present in 0.5 mole of H2O? 

 
115. Calculate the mass of 3.7 moles of Br2. 

 
116. How many Br2 molecules are present in 3.7 moles of Br 2? 

 
117. Calculate the mass of 0.030 mole of Br2. 

 
118. How many Br2 molecules are present in 0.030 moles of Br 2? 

 
119. A chemistry student determined the empirical formula for titanium sulfide (Ti xSy). To do so, she
reacted titanium with excess sulfur in a crucible, and recorded the following data:

       

What is the empirical formula of titanium sulfide?  

24
120. A chemistry student determined the empirical formula for tungsten oxide (W xOy). To do so, he
heated tungsten with oxygen in a crucible. The data that he recorded are shown below:

       

What is the empirical formula of tungsten oxide?  

 
121. A compound with a percent composition by mass of 87.5% N and 12.5% H was recently
discovered. What is the empirical formula for this compound?  

 
122. Define a mole. 

 
123. If 0.66 mole of a substance has a mass of 99 g, what is the molecular mass of the substance? 

 
124. Calculate the molecular mass of ethylene glycol, C 2H6O2, a compound frequently used as
automobile antifreeze. 

25
125. How many electrons are in one mole of potassium ions, K +? 

 
126. Calculate the percent composition by mass of sodium in Na 2CO3. 

 
127. Calculate the percent composition by mass of carbon in Na 2CO3. 

 
128. Calculate the percent composition by mass of oxygen in Na 2CO3. 

 
129. A 0.600 g sample of a compound of arsenic and oxygen was found to contain 0.454 g of arsenic.
What is the empirical formula of the compound? 

 
130. A sample of unknown ore was analyzed and found to contain 12.7% Al, 19.7% N, and 67.6% O.
What is the empirical formula of this ore? 

26
131. Phosgene, a poisonous gas used during WWI, is composed of 12.1% C, 16.2% O, and 71.1%
Cl. What is the empirical formula of phosgene? 

 
132. What percent by mass of oxygen is present in carbon monoxide, CO? 

 
133. Balance the following chemical equation: NaNO3  NaNO2 + O2. 

 
134. Balance the following chemical equation: NH 3 + H2SO4  (NH4)2SO4. 

 
135. Balance the following chemical equation: H 2 + N2  NH3. 

 
136. Balance the following chemical equation: C 4H10 + O2  CO2 + H2O. 

27
137. Balance the following chemical equation: C + Fe 2O3  Fe + CO. 

 
138. Refer to the (unbalanced) equation CS2 + CaO  CO2 + CaS. How many grams of CaS are
produced if 53 g of CO2 are produced? 

 
139. Refer to the (unbalanced) equation CS2 + CaO  CO2 + CaS. How many grams of CaO are
required to react completely with 38 g of CS2? 

 
140. How many grams of silver nitrate are necessary to react completely with 7.000 moles of copper?
            Cu + 2 AgNO3  Cu(NO3 )2 + 2 Ag  

 
141. What mass of sodium nitrate would be produced from the complete reaction of 1.00 mol of lead
nitrate?
            2 NaCl + Pb(NO3)2  2 NaNO3 + PbCl2  

 
142. What is the minimum mass of sulfur dioxide necessary to produce 200. g of sulfuric acid in the
following reaction?
            2 SO2 + O2 + 2 H2O  2 H2SO4  

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143. What is the minimum mass of oxygen gas necessary to produce 200. g of sulfuric acid in the
following reaction?
            2 SO2 + O2 + 2 H2O  2 H2SO4  

 
144. What is the minimum mass of water necessary to produce 200. g of sulfuric acid in the following
reaction?
            2 SO2 + O2 + 2 H2O  2 H2SO4  

 
145. How many moles of phosphine (PH3) are produced for every 4.0 moles of hydrogen that react
according to the chemical equation below?
            3 H2 + P2  2 PH3  

 
146. Calculate the mass of sodium chlorate that must be decomposed to form 6.5 g of oxygen.
            2NaClO3(s)  2NaCl(s) + 3O2(g)  

 
147. What is the theoretical yield of PI3 if 48.0 g of I2 are reacted with an excess of phosphorus
according to the following chemical equation?
            2P(s) + 3I2(s)  2PI3(s)  

29
148. Phosphorus reacts with iodine as shown in the chemical reaction below. What is the percent
yield of the reaction if 28.2 g PI3 is obtained from the reaction of 48.0 g of I2 with excess
phosphorus?
            2P(s) + 3I2(s)  2PI3(s)  

 
149. What is the limiting reagent when 27.0 g of P and 68.0 g of I 2 react according to the following
chemical equation?
            2P(s) + 3I2(s)  2PI3(s)  

 
150. Determine the number of moles of water produced by the reaction of 155 g of ammonia and 356
g of oxygen.
            4 NH3 + 5 O2  4 NO + 6 H2O  

 
151. What is the theoretical yield of PI3 from the reaction of 27.0 g of P and 68.0 g of I2?
            2P(s) + 3I2(s)  2PI3(s)  

 
152. When a 0.860 g sample of an organic compound containing C, H, and O was burned completely
in oxygen, 1.64 g of CO2 and 1.01 g of H2O were produced. What is the empirical formula of the
compound? 

30
153. When a 0.952 g sample of an organic compound containing C, H, and O is burned completely in
oxygen, 1.35 g of CO2 and 0.826 g of H2O are produced. What is the empirical formula of the
compound? 

 
154. The percent composition by mass of tartaric acid is: 32.01% C, 4.03% H, and 63.96% O. Given
that the molecular mass of tartaric acid is 150 amu, determine its molecular formula. 

 
155. Using the (unbalanced) equation shown below, how many grams of ammonia will be formed if 75
grams of nitrogen reacts with excess hydrogen?
                            H2 + N2  NH3  

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