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    E Sun and The Earth-Moon System: Lesson Objectives

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    Anshu Gupta

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    E Sun and The Earth-Moon System: Lesson Objectives

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    E Sun and The Earth-Moon System: Lesson Objectives

    Uploaded by

    Anshu Gupta

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    e Sun and the Earth-Moon System

    Lesson Objectives
     Describe how Earth’s movements affect seasons and cause day and night.
     Explain solar and lunar eclipses.
     Describe the phases of the Moon and explain why they occur.
     Explain how movements of the Earth and Moon affect Earth’s tides.

    Vocabulary
     crescent
     gibbous
     lunar eclipse
     penumbra
     shadow
     solar eclipse
     umbra

    Introduction

    The motions of bodies in the solar system are, for the most part, regular and
    understandable. From Earth, the Sun rises in the eastern sky in the morning and
    sets in the western sky in the evening. If the Moon is full on Day 1, it will be full again
    on Day 28, and new on Day 14. The motions of Earth relative to the Sun, and the
    motions of the Moon and Sun relative to Earth affect different phenomena on Earth,
    including day and night, the seasons, tides, and phases of the Moon.

    Day-Night Cycle

    Earth rotates once on its axis about every 24 hours. To an observer cooling down on
    the North Pole, the rotation appears counterclockwise. From nearly all points on
    Earth, the Sun appears to move across the sky from east to west each day. Of
    course, the Sun is not moving from east to west at all; Earth is rotating. The Moon
    and stars also seem to rise in the east and set in the west.

    Earth’s rotation means that there is a cycle of daylight and darkness approximately
    every 24 hours, the length of a day. Different places experience sunset and sunrise
    at different times and the amount of time a location is in daylight and darkness also
    differs by location.
    Shadows are areas where an object obstructs a light source so that darkness takes
    on the form of the object. On Earth, a shadow can be cast by the Sun, Moon or,
    rarely, Mercury or Venus.

    Earth’s Seasons

    A common misconception is that the Sun is closer to Earth in the summer and farther
    away from it during the winter. Instead, the seasons are caused by the 23.5° tilt of
    Earth’s axis of rotation relative to its plane of orbit around the Sun (Figure below). At
    summer solstice, June 21 or 22, Earth’s axis points toward the Sun and so the Sun is
    directly overhead at its furthest north point of the year, the Tropic of Cancer (23.5°
    N).

    The Earth’s tilt on its axis leads to one hemisphere facing the Sun more than the
    other hemisphere and gives rise to seasons.

    During the summer, areas north of the equator experience longer days and shorter
    nights. In the Southern Hemisphere, the Sun is as far away as it will be and so it is
    their winter. Locations will have longer nights and shorter days. The opposite occurs
    on winter solstice, which begins on December 21. More about seasons can be found
    in the Earth’s Atmosphere chapter.
    Check out this video on why earth has seasons to learn
    more: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DuiQvPLWziQ.

    Solar Eclipses

    A solar eclipse occurs when the new moon passes directly between the Earth and
    the Sun (Figure below). This casts a shadow on the Earth and blocks Earth’s view
    of the Sun.

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