URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE

MANAGEMENT

PSDA- BEST PRATICES/ CASE STUDIES

URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE- TRANSIT ORIENTED
DEVELOPMENT AROUND DELHI METRO
COURSE CODE- AUMREAL706
COURSE GUIDE & FACULTY- PROF. SHEKHAR

SUBMITTED BY-
Maria Dominic Fernandes - A70058920002
 Contents
1 Introduction of Delhi Transport 2
2 Factors considered for TOD- Delhi Metro 3
2.1 Density 3
2.2 Diversity 3
2.3 Design 4
2.4 Housing 5
2.5 Accessibility 6
3 Introduction of Delhi Metro 7
3.1 Salient Features 9
3.2 Contracts for Delhi Metro 10
3.3 Fare Structure for the project 10
4 Financing 11
5 Table of figures 12
6 References 12

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1 Case Study of TOD – Delhi Metro Phase 1
1.1 Introduction of Delhi Transport
National Capital Territory is situated near the center of National Capital Region. The
region has a population of 16.32 million. About 93% of the population resides in the
urban area versus the national average of 28%. In the decade 1991-2002, the population
in urban areas grew by 3.87% annual growth rate which will get stabilized by 1.8% by the
next decade. Delhi Development authority prepared a master plan for 2021 along with
Transit Oriented Development plans. The aim of TOD Delhi is to achieve low carbon
emissions, compacted growth, mixed land use development that allows optimized
expansion along the transit corridor. Tod helps in increasing urban density and allows
high rise development alongside the corridors. Delhi is aiming at achieving mixed use
growth having non-motorized transportation, pedestrianization and developing walking
to work principle. TOD solves the issues of mobility and air quality near metro stations.
(Rutul Joshi, 2017)

FIGURE 1 DELHI MRTS NETWORK SOURCE- CENTRE FOR URBAN EQUITY 2017

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1.2 Factors considered for TOD- Delhi Metro
1.2.1 Density
High density tends to be related with low average trip distance for every mode of
transport. The Delhi Metro has 500m wide belt on either side of its centre line for the
prevailing corridors have a designation of Influence Zone that has been recognized by the
Zonal Development Plan with its stations. The entire acknowledged TOD cohesive
structure will be inclusive of the zones if more than 50% of the planned area fell into the
influence zone. Additional FAR and heights may be sought after preparing and approving
of the cohesive TOD structure. For height restrictions in the areas of utilization of FAR or
relaxing ground coverage and setback without negotiating on green areas of 20% in the
TOD structure through governing powers like AAI, NMA will be permitted. Consolidation
and rebuilding of plots for planning drive was allowed inclusive of TOD. The policy also
supports densifying low-density regions and redeveloping the developed regions along
with influence zones within the MRTS corridor. (Rutul Joshi, 2017)

FIGURE 2 RELATIVE DENSITIES ALONG DELHI METRO CORRIDOR SOURCE- SURVEY BY CENTRE FOR URBAN
EQUITY

The integrated structure will allow maximum FSI of 400 having a density of
2000persons/hectare that is approximately 450du/ha and FSI consumption cannot be
lower than 200. The recent situation of density in Delhi is very low at the ends of transfer
lines. The highest density was recognised near Nehru Place, Escorts Mujesar and Mundka
area that have high commercial office spaces and have prosperous corporate regions.
(Rutul Joshi, 2017)

1.2.2 Diversity

The accessibility to many conveniences and facilities in the region is the key factor for
determining success in a TOD. Sustainable, community wellbeing is achieved with mixed
use and mixed incomes growth near the Metro stations having housing, commercial and
other facilities near the Metro station having all assimilating structures with min. 30% of
complete FSI compulsory for housing, min. 5% FSI for commercial usage and min. 10%

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FSI for communal activities. Around 50% of total FSI would be according to Zone of
Proximal Development uses. (Rutul Joshi, 2017)

FIGURE 3 LAND USE BREAKUP IN TOD DELHI METRO SOURCE- DELHI DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 2007

1.2.3 Design

Cautiously expressed land use mix having safer, smoother access to stations allowed by
foot paths, cycling tracks, street lightings, and facilities like sitting areas, park, landscaped
areas, library, contributes to the growth of better built setting. The chief façade will face
civic streets devoid of setbacks and active frontages enable visual investigation for the
roads. Lively fronts having an arcade, shopfront, entranceways, access themes and glass
windows facing the main roads. Office facades must have min, 50% transparency in the
ground floor level. The neighbouring regions of the metro had informal stalls near
stations displaying higher claim for small food stalls. (Rutul Joshi, 2017)

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FIGURE 4 NEIGHBOURING AREAS OF DELHI METRO SOURCE- SURVEY BY CUE-2017

FIGURE 5 NEHRU PLACE, DELHI- NEAR DELHI MRTS SOURCE- SURVEY BY CUE- 2017

FIGURE 6 ACTIVE FRONTAGE IN MRTS DELHI SOURCE- SURVEY BY CENTRE FOR URBAN EQUITY
1.2.4 Housing
Residential areas help in preserving,
enhancing and contributing to higher
pedestrianization within mobility
distances from stations. Affordable
housing has been given high
significance. High income residential
areas and commercial structures are
situated in the developing and
developed regions near the transit
stations while slums and EWS
residential zones are located near
fewer stations. In Delhi FSI higher
than the permissible FSI is charged for
the use of development of transit-
oriented development for capturing the land value. (RUTUL JOSHI, 2017)
FIGURE 7 HOUSING AREAS NEAR DELHI METRO SOURCE- SURVEY BY CUE- 2017

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FIGURE 8 RESIDENTIAL AREAS SPLIT UP SOURCE- SURVEY BY CUE- 2017

1.2.5 Accessibility
The permitted Equivalent Car Spaces per 100sqm of floor area is given as 1.33. An addition car
park can be made within cohesive structure as paid, shared parking facility that is accessible to
the public every time. Area higher than 4 hectares will be dedicated as 20% of the plotted
development as green communal open areas which would have designing, development and
maintenance by the agencies accessible for the public. 10% of the open areas will be designed for
circulation and communal area. Many existing stations have E-rickshaws, cycle- rickshaw, feeder
bus services. (Rutul Joshi, 2017)

FIGURE 9 CYCLING TRACKS ALONG DELHI METRO 2017 SOURCE- SURVEY BY CUE- 2017

FIGURE 10 PEDESTRIAN PATHS ALONG DELHI METRO 2017 SOURCE- SURVEY BY CUE- 2017

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1.3 Introduction of Delhi Metro
The Delhi Metro has been involved in escorting a novel age in the domain of mass metropolitan
transport in the nation. The glamorous and contemporary Metro system presented easy, air
conditioned and ecological facilities for the foremost period in India and entirely transformed the
mass transport setting in the NCR as well as the whole nation. Partaking in the construction of a
massive system of 389 Km having 285 stations in highest time, the DMRC positions itself as a
brilliant instance of in what way an enormous precisely intricate infrastructural development
could be accomplished beforehand and in planned costs by an administration agency. It has a
ddaily ridership of about 2.7 million in 2019 and is documented as world’s foremost and lone 100
% ‘green’ Metro structure. (IBEF, 2021)

FIGURE 11 DELHI METRO ROUTE DETAILS SOURCE- MAPS OF INDIA

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The Phase 1 Delhi Metro of 65 km rail linkage got completed in early 2008 while the given target
was 2008. Previously, the residents of Delhi were displeased with the crammed road traffic and
the prevailing bus transportation. A survey done in the city in 1990s examined that the travellers
felt that the bus transport was exceptionally insufficient with recurrent fatalities initiating
damage along with increasing levels of professed discourtesy.

FIGURE 12 TIMELINE OF DELHI METRO RAIL CORPORATION SOURCE- IBEF

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1.4 Salient Features

FIGURE 13 DELHI METRO PHASE 1 ROUTE DETAILS SOURCE- MOHUA.GOV

FIGURE 14 PROJECT FEATURES SOURCE- WILBUR SMITH ASSOCIATES LTD. 2008

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FIGURE 15 PROJECT FEATURES SOURCE- WILBUR SMITH ASSOCIATES LTD. 2008

1.5 Contracts for Delhi Metro

FIGURE 16 CONTRACTS FOR DELHI METRO SOURCE- DELHI METRO RAIL

1.6 Fare Structure for the project

FIGURE 17 FARE STRUCTURE OF THE METRO PROJECT SOURCE- DELHI METRO RAIL

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1.7 Financing
The Delhi Metro project executed by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited established in May
1995 with equal equity sharing by GOI and GNCTD in the ratio 50:50. Government of India had
accepted the venture proposal of Phase 1 of Delhi Metro on 17 th September 1996. The assessed
costing of the development is Rs. 10571 crores. (Mohua, 2015)

FIGURE 18 FINANCIAL STRUCTURE OF DELHI METRO PHASE 1 SOURCE- MOHUA.GOV

FIGURE 19 FUNDS RELEASED BY MINISTRY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT FOR PHASE 1 SOURCE-

MOHUA.GOV

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2 Table of figures
Figure 1 Delhi MRTS Network Source- centre for urban equity 2017..................................2
Figure 2 relative Densities along Delhi Metro corridor Source- survey by centre for urban
equity.....................................................................................................................................3
Figure 3 Land Use Breakup in TOD Delhi Metro source- Delhi Development Authority
2007.......................................................................................................................................4
Figure 4 Neighbouring areas of Delhi Metro Source- Survey by CUE-2017..........................4
Figure 5 Nehru Place, Delhi- near Delhi MRTS Source- Survey by CUE- 2017......................5
FIGURE 6 ACTIVE FRONTAGE IN MRTS DELHI SOURCE- SURVEY BY CENTRE FOR URBAN EQUITY............5
Figure 7 Housing Areas near Delhi Metro Source- Survey by CUE- 2017.............................5
Figure 8 Residential areas split up Source- Survey by CUE- 2017.........................................6
Figure 9 cycling tracks along Delhi metro 2017 Source- Survey by CUE- 2017.....................6
Figure 10 Pedestrian paths along Delhi metro 2017 Source- Survey by CUE- 2017.............6
Figure 11 Delhi Metro route Details Source- Maps Of India.................................................7
FIGURE 12 TIMELINE OF DELHI METRO RAIL CORPORATION SOURCE- IBEF.......................................8
Figure 13 Delhi Metro Phase 1 Route Details source- mohua.gov.......................................9
Figure 14 Project Features Source- Wilbur Smith Associates Ltd. 2008...............................9
Figure 15 Project Features Source- Wilbur Smith Associates Ltd. 2008.............................10
Figure 16 Contracts for Delhi Metro Source- Delhi Metro Rail...........................................10
Figure 17 Fare structure of the Metro Project Source- Delhi Metro Rail...........................10
Figure 18 Financial Structure of Delhi metro phase 1 source- MOHUA.Gov......................11
Figure 19 funds released by Ministry of Urban Development for Phase 1 Source-
MOHUA.Gov........................................................................................................................11

3 References
IBEF, 2021. IBEF. [Online]
Available at: https://www.ibef.org/industry/indian-railways/showcase/delhi-metro
[Accessed November 2021].
Mohua, 2015. mohua. [Online]
Available at: https://mohua.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/Delhi_MRTS.pdf
[Accessed November 2021].
Rutul Joshi, Y. J. K. P. V. D., 2017. Transit-Oriented Development: Lessons from Indian
Experiences, Ahmedabad : Shakti Sustainable energy Foundation .

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