Integrated

Infrastructure Planning
Dr. Pawan Kumar, Associate TCP
Town & Country Planning Organization,
MoUD, Govt of India, New Delhi.

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Email : pawan612@gmail.com
1.0 Introduction

i. Integrated Infrastructure Planning

It is an approach which integrates various Infrastructure
components of urban transport for safe, quick, user friendly
mobility in the city.

ii. Transport Infrastructure

It is the fixed installations (built up) that allows a vehicle to
operate.

It may includes roads, terminals, bridges, parking areas,

FOB, underpass, etc.

Financing of transport infrastructure may be either Public ,

Private or PPP. 2
2.0 Needs of Integrated Infrastructure Planning

• The main infrastructure for urban transport is the road network

and associated facilities. The road network is used by Motorized
and Non-motorized transport which have different needs of road
space.

• When MRTS and BRTS are planned on/above/underground, it

also needs integrated infrastructure planning.

• IIP is required to provide accessibility to residential areas, CBD

and social service centres.

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Share of Public Transport and Other Modes in Selected
Metropolitan Cities in India in 2007 (in %)

S.N. City Walk Cycle Two Public Car IPT Total

wheelers Transport in %

i. Delhi 20 12 5 43 14 6 100

ii. Mumbai 27 6 7 45 8 7 100

iii. Kolkata 19 11 4 54 8 4 100

iv. Chennai 22 9 20 31 10 8 100

v. Bhopal 26 17 31 15 9 3 100

Source: MoUD+WSA
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3.0 Pedestrian Planning
Problems in Pedestrians
• city expansion and more vehicular traffic on the roads are not in
favour of walking and the same has become more hazardous.

• Public as well as the private costs of any transfer from walking

to motorized modes is expensive.

Reasons to support Pedestrian (Walking)

• Economy
• Health
• Availability in all time 5
• Environmental friendly transport mode
 Option I:
Redesign existing roads to accommodate pedestrian
infrastructure.
Option II:
Provide safe infrastructure for pedestrians in new construction.

Source:http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01250/TH27_PEDESTRIAN_1250348f.jpg
Integration of Pedestrian with Public Transport

• Creating a walking influence zone around Public transport

stops/station/terminals.

• Create integrated and connected walking infrastructure.

• Develop social, cultural and business hubs in the influence

areas. It will promote both walking (as access/egress mode) and
transit ridership.

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 Pedestrian Area with Lighting and
Covered Shelter

Pedestrian Zones
Fazilika Town: Promotion of Pedestrian Planning
•Fazilika (a small town) in Firozpur district of Punjab on the
India- Pakistan border.
•Population = 68,000 and Vehicles= 45,000 on its narrow lanes.
•On 21 November 2009, it was decided to remove one source of
congestion i.e. cars.

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• Fazilika has created “ Car free Zone” at Ghanta Ghar Market
from 10 am-7 pm.
• Vendors in the area are happy as the sales have soared.
• Customers are more relaxed, as they do not have to jostle with
parked vehicles.

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• Cycle rickshaws have become eco-cabs in car free Fazilka.
• It has also become the first town in the world to have a dial-a-
rickshaw facility.

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• Working on developing a solar-powered rickshaw, which is in the
prototype stage.

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Raahgiri Day in Gurgaon, New Delhi
• Raahgiri Day is a weekly road event . It is supported by local
government bodies, NGOs and media. The streets identified for
Raahgiri Day are cordoned off for non-motorized transport users
between 6 am and 12 noon.

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4.0 Bicycle
• FLEXIBILITY and
• AFFORDABILITY of bicycle recognize their usefulness as
transport mode.
Option I:
Redesign existing roads to accommodate cycles.
Option II:
Provide safe infrastructure for cyclists/pedestrians

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• Cycle Day in Bengaluru, Bangalore, Karnataka
• The cycle day campaign in Bengaluru is held on the last Sunday
of every month. The day is supported by by the Directorate of
Urban Land Transport (DULT) along with groups such as Ride a
Cycle Foundation and Praja RAAG.
• According to TOI report, "traditional games such as gulli danda,
lagori,slow cycle races for children, adults and the traffic police
and rangoli competition were organised."

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5.0 Cycle Rickshaw
There is constraint of ULBs efforts at supervising,
operation and monitoring of cycle rickshaws in the
municipal limits.

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Source: The Hindu, February 18, 2011

Case Study:
• “The Network and Walkable Improvement Project”
under Centrally Govt. funded Jawaharlal Nehru National
Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM) programme was
conceived in 2006.

• Nanded is one of the Mission cities and Nanded

Municipality and private firm have taken up this project.

• The pedestrian way has been planned in a way that space

is allotted to
-pedestrians,
-cyclists and
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-multiuse zone.
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6.0 IIP for MRTS/BRTS
Creation of Physical Infrastructure

• Bus Stop
Number, seating capacity, real time information, lighting,
distance from bus shelter to metro station.

• Space for Feeder Bus Services

• Sidewalk
Surface characteristics, width, encroachment, obstruction,
continuity, etc.
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 .

Typical Layout for Integration of various Modes at MMTS Terminal 21

Source : Kumar, Pawan et al ( 2009) Multi Modal Transportation System in Urban India: A Way forward
towards Seamless Transport, Institution of Engineers (India), Civil Engineering Journal, Nov., Vol. 90, pp 13-18.
 Creation of Bus, Metro, Pedestrian Infrastructures at Multi Modal Terminal 22

Source : Kumar, Pawan et al (2009) Design Approach for Multi Modal Transport System, Architecture
Time, Space & People( Journal of Council of Architecture), Dec 2009, Vol 9, Issue 12, pp 26-33.
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Multimodal Transportation Terminal , Columbus, Ohio, USA
7.0 IIP for Urban Image and Identity

An Integrated Transit Station is recognized as a symbol of :

-„Urban Identity‟ and
-„Urban Mobility‟
which integrates built environment with multiple modes and
provides an important link to complete the journey.

• Visual characteristics of streets leading to station/hub define

images of the neighborhoods and generate mobility patterns.

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Frankford Transportation Centre (FTC), Philadelphia, USA
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Vashi railway station in Navi Mumbai
(Info‐tech parks have been developed above the airspace of railway station)
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Sydney's Circular Quay: Rail and Boat Interchange Point showing both Urban
Identity and Mobility Identity .
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HUDA City Center Station : Terminal Station Delhi Metro on the Yellow Line of in Gurgaon
8.0 Supporting Infrastructure
• Provision of transfer facilities such as
-covered links,
-FOB
-under passes,
-bus shelters,
-taxi stands, etc are required at appropriate places.

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9.0 Construction of Flyovers
• May not be very useful solutions.
• It is required to avoid bottleneck points for traffic flow.
• Meanwhile, it becomes operational, the number of
personalized vehicles increases …………………..finally, there is no
improvement in traffic conditions .

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 10.0 Efficient Transfer Facilities
Foot over Bridge at Welcome Delhi Metro
Station

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Transfer Facilities Inside the Metro Station

11.0 Parking Infrastructure
• A car is allotted 23 sq m for parking.
• Plot Size for low cost housing scheme = 18-25 sq m
Car Parking Vs Low Cost Housing

Vs

Vs
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Master Plan/ Building Bye laws defines parking norms which vary
from City to City :
As per Delhi Master Plan
S.N. Use Premises ECS per 100 sqmt of floor area
i. Resid. 2.0
ii. Commercial 3.0
iii. Govt. Bldg. 1.8
iv. Public & Semi Public 2 .0
__________________________________________________________
( Note : 1 ECS= 23 sq.mt in parking)

• The Delhi Master Plan allows 25% of the area to be used as

commercial complex to cross subsidize the cost of providing
parking. One hand, it reduces the available parking area but other
hand , it induces more parking demand due to commercial areas.
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12.0 The Way Forward
i . Integrated Infrastructure Plng. for Multiple Uses of Terminals
Permissible Use : Offices,
Shopping Malls, Restaurants, Basement
Parkings, Art Gallery, Museum, etc

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Seoul Metropolitan Subway
ii. Integrated Infrastructure for MRT/BRT

• Physical connectivity from bus shelter to metro platform

requires covered /semi-covered pathways, mechanical
facilities/services from ground level to elevated/underground
level, staircases, ramps, real time information , etc.

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iii. Development of Surrounding Areas as a part of
Station Improvement Scheme
• Provision of
-pedestrian facilities,
-road geometry,
-signage,
-parking facilities,
-commercial activities inside and out side station buildings,
etc.

• The same can be considered as a part of station improvement

scheme /program for better facilities and infrastructure.

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Example : Bandra (E) – Kalanagar Skywalk, Mumbai
• Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority
(MMRDA) has initiated a project of skywalks under the Station
Area Transit Implement Scheme (SATIS).
• It integrates pedestrian movement with railway station.

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• These type of project may be as a part of other projects such as

-Terminal Improvement
-Bus Stand Renovation Project
-Traffic Management Packages, etc.

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Group Exercise
• Group 1:
• Engineering Solution

• Group 2:
• Enforcement

• Group 3
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• Policy Making