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Grade 10 STE - RESEARCH 4

Quarter 1 – Module 4:
EVALUATING THE MATERIALS AND
METHODS OF RESEARCH PAPER

i
Grade 10 STE- Research 4
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Evaluating the Materials and Methods of Research Paper
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Schools Division of Sorsogon

Schools Division Superintendent – Jose L. Doncillo, CESO V
Asst. Schools Division Superintendent – Ma. Jeany T. Abayon
Curriculum Implementation Division Chief – Rolando F. Embile
Education Program Supervisor (Science) – Michelle H. Guadamor

DEVELOPMENT TEAM OF THE MODULE

WRITERS: JASMIN P. NACION

EDITORS: BELLA ALIPIO

ERNESTO B. GILE JR.

REVIEWERS: BELLA ALIPIO

MICHELLE H. GUADAMOR
WELLIMEN C. OSEO
ROWENA C. DE LEON
DOLORES ENDRACA
MARIA ELENA ESCOLANO
ERNESTO B. GILE JR.

LAYOUT ARTISTS: ERNESTO B. GILE JR.

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 10
GRADE 10 STE - RESEARCH 4
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Evaluating the Materials and Methods of
Research Paper

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 Most Essential Learning Competency

Utilize the Standards (Criteria / Checklist) in Evaluating

Research Paper

iv
Evaluating the Materials and Methods
of Research Paper

Introduction

Congratulations! You have already finished three

modules. Now you are at the core of the research paper – the
Materials and Methods.
In the previous module, evaluation on the review of
related literature and studies using the “Checklist for
Evaluating a Research Paper” on your research project
conducted in Grade 9 had been done to provide you an
overview of what materials and methods to be used in your
research work.
In this module, you will evaluate your work on the
Materials and Methods from your Grade 9 research paper
using the standard evaluating tool and make necessary
revisions based from the results of the evaluation and
suggested recommendations.

Most Essential Learning

Competency & Objectives

In this module, you will learn how to utilize the Standards (Criteria / Checklist) in
Evaluating the Materials and Methods of research paper.
Specifically, you should be able to:
1. Utilize the standards (Criteria/Checklist) in evaluating the Materials
and methods of a research paper.
2. Revise /enhance the research project conducted incorporating the
suggestions given by the peer/group/experts.

Duration: 5 meetings

1
 Pre-Test
Before we start our lesson, try to answer the
following questions below.

Directions: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following DOES NOT explain the checklist “how the samples were
gathered and prepared" in evaluating materials and methods?

A. Describes the materials and equipment used in the research.

B. Explains how the samples were gathered and prepared.
C. Explains how the measurements were made.
D. Explains any exceptional aspects of your data or unexpected results.

2. Which of the two parts fall in the checklist of “choosing the statistical treatment of
data in the study”?

1. Selection of the appropriate materials for the test.

2. Specification of the variable to be measured.
3. Selection of the procedure to be used in the measurement of the variable.
4. Specification of the procedure to be used to determine whether the
measurements support the hypothesis.
A. 1 and 4 B. 2 and 3 C. 1 and 3 D. 3 and 4

For question number 3 and 4, consider the methods section below of a research
entitled “Enhanced Heme Oxygenase-Mediated Coronary Vasolidation in Dahl
Salt-Sensitive Hypertension”.

Chemicals

Chromium mesoporphyrin (CrMP) was from Frontier Scientific

(Logan,UT). Inactin (thiobutabarbital sodium) was from Sigma-Aldrich
(St. Louis,MO). Vectastain Elite ABC kit used for immunohistochemistry
was from Vector laboratories (Burlingame, CA). Poluclonal antibodies
against HO-1 and HO-2 were obtained from StressGen Biotechnologies
(Victoria, BC, Canada). All other chemicals were purchased from Fisher
Scientific (Houston, TX). The CrMP stock solution (15 mmol/L) followed
by dilution in modified Kreb’s buffer (15-mol/L) immediately before used
from Langerdorff-heart experiments was: NaCl 118.5 mmol/L, KCl 4.7
mmol/L, CaCI2 1.4 mmol/L, KH2PO4 1.2 mmol/L, MgSO4 1.1 mmol/L,
NaHCO3 25.0 mmol/L, dextrose 11.1 mmol/L, and mannitol 8.0 mmol/L.

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3. Which statement BEST describes the materials and methods section of the research
title stated above?

A. It briefly explains the general type of scientific procedure being used and
replication of the study.
B. It describes the experimental samples, research design and processes.
C. It spells out materials, source, specification of instruments and ethics.
D. It spells out materials, subjects and instruments used origin of materials,
specifications of instruments and processes.

4. The following criteria for evaluating the materials and methods were shown in the
given sample EXCEPT

A. The procedure is appropriate for the study.

B. The research design is defined in the study.
C. The sources of the sample are given in the study.
D. The study defines the variables of the research.

5. Which of the following statement is the correct way of writing the methods /procedure
based on the given sentence and suggestion below?

SENTENCE : We are taking the temperature every 2 minutes.

SUGGESTION: Rephrase/restate into the correct way of writing the
Procedure.

A. Taking the temperature every 2 minutes is suggested.

B. Every 2 minutes, we are taking the temperature.
C. The temperature was taken every 2 minutes
D. We record the temperature every 2 minutes.

How did you find the test?

Don’t worry about how far you will
get the correct answers. Just go
on with the module to learn and
check if your answers are correct.

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 Learning Activities
E licit/Engage
To recall how you began with your research
study conducted in grade 9, Let us start to review
the experimental design in scientific writing.

FACT OR BLUFF
A. Directions: Write thumbs or draw on the space provided in each item if the
statement tells about certain principles of a research design and
if it is not.

___ 1. We have to make sure that no extraneous may affect the experimental subjects.
___ 2. Experimental units are allocated to a block in such a manner that the units within
a block are relatively heterogeneous.
___ 3. The experiment should be repeated several times to find an estimate variation
among observations on the group of subjects treated alike.
___ 4. Randomization assures the validity of the statistical test of significance.
___ 5. Experimental units may be blocked according to a certain characteristics such as
height or age.

THE FACT ABOUT RCBD AND CRD

B. Directions: Using the Venn diagram, write at least three similar characteristics of
Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and Randomized Complete
Block Design (RCBD) and their similarities.

RCBD
CRD
Similarities

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 E xplore
Now it’s time to revisit the materials and methods
of your research paper from grade 9. In this part, you will
be given a chance to analyze the design used depending
on the type of your study and the formulated hypotheses.

Activity 1

Directions: Using materials and methods (of the sample study) given, try to answer the
guide questions to help you understand better the design being used in
the study. Consider the sample problem: Response of Okra to Horse
Manure and Urea: A Comparative Study

Materials and Methods

To determine the effect of the horse manure and urea on plant growth and
development, 3 garden plots were prepared in school on an area receiving sufficient
sunlight the whole day. Thirty sacks of garden were bought from Manila Seedling
Bank. The plots (A,B, and C) each measuring 150 cm long by 60 cm wide received
10 sacks of garden soil forming an elevation of about 30 cm. Canals were dug
around the 3 plots to provide drainage. One kilogram of Urea was bought from an
agricultural shop while one sack of horse manure was obtained from a stud farm in
Los Baños. The Bureau of Plant Industry in Manila provided one bag of okra seeds.
The plots were watered once a day for a period of 5 days to settle the soil particles.
Meanwhile, seeds of Okra were germinated in tray with 3 layers of wet
absorbent paper. Exactly one week after germination, the seedlings were
transplanted in the garden plots.
After another week, seedlings of okra were randomly selected and planted 25
cm apart in 6 rows and 3 columns in plots A, B, and C. There were 16 plants per plot
or a total of 54 plants in the 3 plots. Since measurements obtained from each plant
were likely to vary even if each plot was treated alike, replications in terms of having
18 plants per plot were agreed upon.
To find out how extra seedlings were affected by horse manure and urea, it
was decided that plants response be measured in terms of plant height, number of
leaves, number of days before flowering start, number of pods that develops and
later, the total weight of the groups of plants in each of the 3 plots.
To enable the seedlings to adjust to environmental conditions, fertilizers were
applied on the 4th week. However, before fertilizer treatment, initial measurements of
height and leaf counts were done in all three plots. Initial data collected were
summarized in a table.

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 Twenty grams of dried and powdered horse manure was added to the soil 5
cm from the each plant in plot A while 2 grams of urea was also added in plot B in the
same way. Plants in plot C were not treated with any fertilizer. All the plants were
watered once a day in the morning, each planted plot receiving the same amount of
water. One week later, fertilizer application for plot A and B was repeated to sustain
the nutrient of the growing plants. Measurements of Okra responses to fertilizers
were taken every 4 days. Data collected were faithfully recorded.
For the care and management aspects, weeds were removed manually on a
regular basis to prevent them from competing with the plants for nutrients in the soil.
Insects were removed by hand.
At the end of the 6-week experimental period, all the plants were uprooted in
Plots A, b and c. Each group of plants was weighed to get their fresh weight and later
dried. After a drying period of about a week, the dry weights of each group were
taken.

Science research Process Handbook, INTEL-DOST-SEI, p.15

QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1. What is the experimental unit?
2. What sampling technique is used in the
study?
3. How did you know the effect of horse manure
and urea on okra plants?
4. What is the independent variable?
5. What is the dependent variable?
6. What is the extraneous variable?
7. Whenever possible, it is always best to
express observations and data in numerical
terms. How did you quantify the responses of
the okra plants to the fertilizers?
8. How can you be so sure that the responses
of Okra plant are due only to fertilizer
treatment and not to the kind of soil, amount
of water sprinkled, etc.? What do you call this
variable?
9. How can we say that the measurements are .
accurate and reliable?
10. What design is used in the sample study?
11. How many treatment/s and replicate/s
was/were applied?

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 Now, try to evaluate the research design presented
in your Grade 9 research paper. Write your findings on
the box provided below.

 Experimental unit
 Sampling technique
 Dependent variables
 Independent variables
 Extraneous variables (if any)
 Control group (describe the set up)
 Experimental group (describe the set up)
 Research design used (for every
procedure)
a. No. of treatment/s
b. No. of replicates
Note: Use extra sheet of paper if necessary.

Write your evaluations/suggestions or revisions on your previous

research paper based from your findings in this
 ________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
 ________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

Note: Use extra sheet of paper if necessary.

Now you will also revise your previous

research project on materials and methods using
the Standard Checklist for Evaluating a Research
paper.
An example below is provided to guide you
in revising your research paper.

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 Activity 2

EVALUATING THE MATERIALS AND METHODS OF A RESEARCH SAMPLE

Sample Research Paper

Title: Modified kato katz using basella rubra (Alugbati) Methanolic Extract in
Substituting malachite green in Staining of Ascaris lumbricoides ova
Vondon Hidalgo, retrieved from https://www.academia.edu, accessed July 30, 2020

CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY

Study Design

The research design is the over-all framework of the study which includes the
operations, procedures, and methodology. This study used experimental research
design. Experimental research design involves different variables to be manipulated by
the researchers in order to test the hypothesis. In this study, the researchers
manipulated the variables or factors either by deliberate application or withholding.

In this study, the control group is the standard Kato Katz technique using
Malachite green in 50% Glycerine and the test group is the Modified Kato Katz using
Basella rubra (Alugbati) Extract and 50% glycerine. The exposures in this experiment is
the alternative which is the Basella rubra (Alugbati) extract. The researchers
manipulated the concentration of each of the alternative and with that the initial time of
staining and the end time of staining were recorded. On the other hand, the outcome of
this study is to stain the Ascaris lumbricoides ova using the exposure or the alternative.

Study Setting

This study took place at the campus of Far Eastern University (FEU) Manila,
specifically at the science laboratory room no. 508 under the Institute of Arts and
Sciences, Medical Technology Department. Far Eastern University is a private and non-
sectarian school in the Philippines established in 1934 by Nicanor Reyes, Sr.
The researchers used the laboratory in conducting their experiments. The
laboratory in Medical Technology department provided the equipment and laboratory
apparatus needed for the experiment. The laboratory also provided proper waste

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disposals which is very important for the experiment to prevent contamination and
health hazards.

Population and Sampling Technique

The raw material, Basella rubra (Alugbati) berries, were gathered in Sta. Ana,
Bulakan, Bulacan. Only the ripe fruits were collected to obtain good quality extract. 100
grams of the fruit were weighed and underwent the extraction process.

Data Collection Procedure

Specimen Collection

The specimen used is stool containing Ascaris lumbricoides ova and it was
collected from the Public Health Laboratory Sampaloc, Manila. There were five stool
specimens or samples in total that were used for staining procedure.

Inclusion Criteria

Only samples that are positive for Ascaris lumbricoides ova were used as the
sample population. Only the Ascaris lumbricoides ova was stained using the course of
the study.

Exclusion Criteria

The specimen negative for Ascaris lumbricoides ova was also not used in
this study. Other Ascaris or helminthes prevalent in the Philippines was not included.
Also, other morphologic forms of Ascaris lumbricoides (i.e. larvae,
adult worms) were excluded.

Basella rubra (Alugbati) berries Extraction

Raw material

The Basella rubra (Alugbati) berries were gathered in Sta. Ana Bulakan, Bulacan.
Ripe fruits were used to obtain good quality extract.

Extraction process

The ripe berries were properly washed to remove debris and dirt that can
interfere with the activity or process. 100 grams of berries were weighed and added with
5 mL of 95 % Methanol then macerated to collect the extract. The extract was then
filtered using a funnel with 0.1 filter paper and Erlenmeyer flask. The filtrate was
centrifuged at 300 rpm for 5 minutes. The centrifuged solution was the ready to use.

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 Table 3.1. Materials for Basella rubra (Alugbati) Extraction

Material Quantity
Basella rubra (alugbati) berries 100 grams
95% Methanol 5 mL

Preparation of Modified Kato Katz Concentration

This study utilized 5 concentrations in total. A 100% or pure extract of Basella

rubra (Alugbati) was used and combined with glycerine and distilled water. The
concentrations vary by using different volumes of Basella rubra (Alugbati) extract in
each of the five solutions but the glycerine and distilled water volumes remained
constant. The concentrations, therefore, only vary with the volume of Basella rubra
(Alugbati) extract and the preparation of the concentrations was done by using different
dilution. The following concentrations were used: 71.43%, 66.67%, 60%, 50%, and
33.33%.

Concentration 1:
1mL glycerine in addition to 1mL distilled water then combined with 5mL Basella
rubra (Alugbati) extract. This is composed of 71.43% B. rubra extract in 50%
glycerine.

Concentration 2:
1mL glycerine in addition to 1mL distilled water then combined with 4mL Basella
rubra (Alugbati) extract. This is composed of 66.67% B. rubra extract in 50%
glycerine.

Concentration 3:
1mL glycerine in addition to 1mL distilled water then combined with 3mL Basella
rubra (Alugbati) extract. This is composed of 60% B. rubra extract in 50% glycerine

Concentration 4:
2mL glycerine in addition to 2mL distilled water then combined with 4mL Basella
rubra (Alugbati) extract. This is composed of 50% B. rubra extract in 50%
glycerine.

Concentration 5:
2mL glycerine in addition to 2mL distilled water then combined with 2mL Basella
rubra (Alugbati) extract. This is composed of 33.34% B. rubra extract in 50%
glycerine.

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 Table 3.2 Preparation of Modified Kato Katz Concentration
Glycerin Distilled B.rubra extract Concentration
e water (mL) (%)
(mL) (mL)
Concentration 1 1 1 5 71.43
Concentration 2 1 1 4 66.67
Concentration 3 1 1 3 60
Concentration 4 2 2 4 50
Concentration 5 2 2 2 33.34

Staining Process

Raw Materials
The materials needed for staining includes newspapers, templates with hole
(5mm), screen, spatula, microscope slides, cellophane as coverslip soaked in the
Modified Kato katz solution (at least 24 hours), stool, gloves and other PPE.

Staining Procedure

1. Prepare the newspaper, wear gloves and other PPE.

2. Place the template with hole in the center of a microscope slide.
3. Place a small amount of fecal material on the newspaper.
4. Press the screen on top so that some of the feces filters through and scrape
with the flat spatula across the upper surface to collect the filtered feces.
5. Add the collected feces material in the hole of the template so that it is
completely filled.
6. Remove the template carefully so that the cylinder of feces is left on the slide.
7. Cover the fecal material with pre-soaked cellophane strip in the prepared
Modified Kato katz concentration (glycerine:distilled water:B.rubra extract).
8. Invert the microscope slide and firmly press the fecal material against the
cellophane strip on a smooth hard surface such as tile. The material will
spread evenly.
9. Carefully remove the slide by gently gliding it sideways to avoid separating the
cellophane strip. Place the slide with the cellophane upwards.
10. The smear should be examined with a systematic manner.

Initial Time and Duration of Staining Observation

The stained specimen on the slide was checked every 30 minutes for the
recording of the Initial Time of staining. During the procedure, the samples were 20

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tested for their observable visibility in a given certain concentration and time interval.
The initial time of staining was measured based on the initial appearance of Ascaris
lumbricoides ova. On the other hand, the duration of staining was measured based on
the change of the intensity of the stained Ascaris lumbricoides ova.

Table 3.3. Grading of staining Observation

Grading Description
+1 Visible ova without staining of corticated layer
+2 Visible ova with slightly stained corticated layer
+3 Visible ova with intensely stained corticated layer
+4 Visible ova with intensely stained corticated layer and
its structure

Data Processing and Analysis

After experimentation, the data gathered was encoded or stored in a spreadsheet

program specifically Microsoft Office Excel. The researchers used the formula to
compute for the mean time of staining per concentration of reagents. Whereas is the
mean, is the sum of all the time of staining obtained, and n as the total number of
different concentrations of reagent.
After obtaining the mean time of staining, the researchers used the ANALYSIS OF
VARIANCE to determine the significantly different from the identical and effective ones.
The researchers used Analysis of Variance to find the significantly different
Concentration of Basella rubra (Alugbati) extract. By finding the significantly different
concentration, the researchers determined the most appropriate concentration the
Modified Kato Katz should use in order to attain the desired result.

The researchers used ANOVA in the Microsoft excel. The data that was encoded
in the spreadsheet was automatically computed by the Excel spreadsheet to obtain the
significantly different concentration among others. After determining the significantly
different we now already determined which of the concentrations is the most appropriate
among others.

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 CHECKLIST FOR EVALUATING A RESEARCH PAPER
Materials and Methods
Title: Modified Kato katz using Basella rubra (Alugbati) Methanolic Extract
in Substituting malachite green in Staining of Ascaris lumbricoides ova

Vondon Hidalgo, retrieved from https://www.academia.edu, accessed July 30,

2020

Direction: Evaluate the research paper using the following criteria. Place a
check
( / ) on the appropriate box (Yes / No) and beside it justify / explain your answer.
Checklist Yes No Comments (Why?)

1.Does the study define the

variables in the research?
2.Does the study classify the
variables in the research?
3.Are the sources of samples given
in the study?
4.Is the sampling procedure defined
in the research?
5.Are the treatments given to the
samples defined in the study?
6.Is the research design defined in
the study?
7.Is the data-gathering procedure
defined in the study?
8. Are the procedures appropriate
for the study?
9. Is the statistical treatment of data
stated in the study?
10. Did the study provide for the
principles of research design (i.e.,
replication, randomization, control
of variables)?
Source: Helen E. Caintic and Juanita M. Cruz, Scientific Research
Manual, (Quezon City: C & E Publishing Inc., 2008), 128

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 Activity 3
Now, try to evaluate the Materials and
Methods presented in your Grade 9 research
paper. Write your findings and summary on the
box below.

EVALUATING A RESEARCH PAPER

CHECKLIST FOR EVALUATING A RESEARCH PAPER

Materials and Methods

Previous Research Paper Title

______________________________________________________________
Note: use extra sheet of paper if the provided spaces is not enough.
Direction: Evaluate the research paper using the following criteria. Place a check (/) on
the appropriate box (Yes / No) and beside it justify / explain your answer.
Checklist Yes No Comments
(Why?)

1. Does the study define the variables in the research?

2. Does the study classify the variables in the research?

3. Are the sources of samples given in the study?
4. Is the sampling procedure defined in the research?
5. Are the treatments given to the samples defined in the
study?
6. Is the research design defined in the study?
7. Is the data-gathering procedure defined in the study?
8. Are the procedures appropriate for the study?
9. Is the statistical treatment of data stated in the study?
10. Did the study provide for the principles of research
design (i.e., replication, randomization, control of
variables)?

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 Do the following:
 Write the recommendations/suggestions of your previous research
teacher on sampling design and technique, instrumentation, data
collection and analysis on the space below.
. _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
 Write your revisions for the improvement of your Materials and
Methods.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Note: Use extra sheet of paper if necessary.

E xplain
Any research or scientific paper needs to be verified by other
researchers for them to review the results by replicating the
experiment and guarantee the validity. Here are some tips
you will need to give a completely accurate description of a
good materials and methods to be used.

Tips for Writing Materials and Methods (Dr. Dhriti Bhattacharyya, 2018)

 Some useful ways of breaking the ice between the Methods section and the
readers:

 Explanation
Explain the rationale behind your choices of that particular experiment; for
example, why you used a certain compound, a specific strain of mice as the
experimental model or the particular concentration of that key reagent.

 Visual presentation
Visual elements like the schematic diagram, flowchart, and table can be used
in methods section to help in breaking the monotony and making the absorption of
complex information easy.

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 The dos and don’ts of writing the Methods section

DO’s
 Adhere to the specific guidelines
Read the author’s section of your target carefully and follow specific instructions.

 Structure the section so that it tells the story of your research

Present the experiment in logical manner. Describe the methods in
chronological order. It will help the reader retrace the gradual and development of
the study. For example: for a clinical trial, you may start with the setting and time of
the study (the beginning and termination dates of the study), followed by the details
of the patient recruitment (Number of subjects/patients etc.), study design
(prospective, retrospective or other), randomization (if any), assigning into groups,
intervention, and describing the techniques used to collect, measure, and analyse
data.

 Follow the order of the results

Match the order of specific methods to the order of the results that were
achieved using those methods to improve the flow of your research paper.

 Use subheadings
Divide the methods section in terms of the experiment. Write the specific
objective of each experiment as a subheading or name of the experiment if
applicable.

 Provide all details meticulously

 Provide the details the details you considered while designing or collecting
the data. You can include information from existing literature to support for the
validity and reliability of a measure.
 Carefully describe the materials, equipment (like testing instruments and
technical equipment), or stimuli used in the study (e.g. scoring methods,
assessment, validation of scales).
 Mention the sample size. It helps the reader assess the expected change in
the outcome variables and the number of subjects needed to detect that
change within a certain confidence range.

 Mention the ethical approval

Mention early in the methods section (if relevant) whether your study was
approved by the ethics committee or institutional review board, and whether you have
received oral/ written informed consent from the patients or the guardians.
 Specify the variables
Clearly mention not only the control variables, independent variables, dependent
variables but also if there were any extraneous variables that might influence the result
of your study.

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  Statistical analysis
In this section, describe all statistical tests, levels of significance, and software
packages used to conduct the statistical analysis. Consult statisticians of your teams to
provide justification of the preferred statistical method.

DON’Ts
 Do not describe well-known methods in detail
Avoid listing the details of the experiment that are widely used. Instead, mention
and cite the specific experiment and state it was followed or do the modifications and
the reasons for those in sufficient detail.

 Do not provide unnecessary details

Avoid unnecessary details that are not relevant to the result of the experiment.
For example, you need not to mention details such as the color of the bucket that held
the ice.
 Do not discuss the pros and cons of other methods
Mention only the details of the methods you chose in methods section. Do not
explain it.

Upon checking / reviewing the recommendations and

suggestions, you will now be given time to revise the Materials
and Methods of your research paper.
It is suggested that you going to submit the module with
the write up on Materials and Methods for research teacher’s
reference and checking.

Ellaborate/Extend
la The materials and methods section of the research
may make it seem to be one of the easiest in
research writing if you only have to take down some
important reminders/details to improve this part
Perform the activity that follows..

17
 REVISIONS OF THE MATERIALS AND METHODS
A. Directions: Write the revisions you made on the Materials and Methods of your
research paper on the box provided below.

Revisions:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
Note: Use another sheet of paper if the spaces provided is not enough.

B. Directions: Write challenges you’ve encountered and suggestions during the

evaluation of the Materials and Methods section of your study.

Suggestions/Challenges:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________.
Note: Use another sheet of paper if the spaces provided is not enough.

18
 Scoring Rubric for Evaluation of Materials and Methods

Evaluated
Section Criteria Points Score
The purpose, questions, and design are mutually
2
supportive and coherent.
Research
design Appropriate and important limitations and assumptions
2
( 5 points) have been clearly stated.
Attention has been given to eliminate alternative
1
explanations and controlling extraneous variables
Identifies and justifies sampling procedure 1
Indicates sampling unit, sample size and why sample size
2
is sufficient.
Sampling
Indicates whether the sample was formed into subgroups,
( 6 points)
if so, describes the characteristics of the subgroups. 2
Attention was given to controlling for extraneous factors
and sampling error. 1
Indicates how each of the study were measured 2
Instrumentation Indicates whether data collection instruments are
(5 points) available/need to be developed 1
Evidence of validity and reliability was presented. 2
Procedures were written in chronological and replicable. 3
Procedure
Clear, thorough and reasonable strategies were
(6 points) 3
presented.
Data Analysis Identifies what descriptive/inferential statistics was used 1
(3 points) Describes how statistical hypothesis/es was/ were tested. 2
Total Score 25

Vocabulary List

The following terms used in this module are defined as follows:

Extraneous – Those variables which may affect the behaviour or
Variables characteristics of the experimental subjects that we are
investigating.
Instrumentation – are tools used to acquire data (i.e., research results) during
experimental investigations.
Research Design – A complete sequence of procedure that needs to be
followed by the researcher. It serves as a guide in doing an
experiment.
Sample – a finite portion of the population being studied. An
experimental unit or a subject.
Sampling – A process of choosing a representative portion of a
population/unit.
Variables – A property or quantity that can take on different values such
as the independent and dependent variables of the study.

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 Post-Test

E valuate
Hi there! Let us check your understanding on the
concepts presented in this module. The questions will
test how much you have learned. Good luck!

Directions: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the two parts falls in the checklist of “choosing the statistical treatment of
data in the study”?
1. Selection of the appropriate materials for the test.
2. Specification of the variable to be measured.
3. Selection of the procedure to be used in the measurement of the variable.
4. Specification of the procedure to be used to determine whether the
measurements support the hypothesis.
A. 1 and 4 B. 3 and 4 C. 1 and 3 D. 2 and 3

2. Which of the following statement is the correct way of writing the methods /procedure
based on the given sentence and suggestion below?

SENTENCE : We are taking the temperature every 2 minutes.

SUGGESTION : Rephrase/restate into the correct way of writing the
procedure.

A. Every 2 minutes, we are taking the temperature.

B. The temperature was taken every 2 minutes.
C. We record the temperature every 2 minutes.
D. Taking the temperature every 2 minutes is suggested.

3. Which statement BEST describes the materials and methods section of the research
title stated above?

A. It briefly explains the general type of scientific procedure being used and
replication of the study.
B. It describes the experimental samples, research design and processes.
C. It spells out materials, subjects and instruments used origin of materials,
specifications of instruments and processes.
D. It spells out materials, source, specification of instruments and ethics.
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For question number 4 and 5, consider the methods section below of a research
entitled “Enhanced Heme Oxygenase-Mediated Coronary Vasolidation in Dahl Salt-
Sensitive Hypertension”.

Chemicals

Chromium mesoporphyrin (CrMP) was from Frontier Scientific

(Logan,UT). Inactin (thiobutabarbital sodium) was from Sigma-Aldrich
(St. Louis,MO). Vectastain Elite ABC kit used for immunohistochemistry
was from Vector laboratories (Burlingame, CA). Poluclonal antibodies
against HO-1 and HO-2 were obtained from StressGen Biotechnologies
(Victoria, BC, Canada). All other chemicals were purchased from Fisher
Scientific (Houston, TX). The CrMP stock solution (15 mmol/L) followed
by dilution in modified Kreb’s buffer (15-mol/L) immediately before used
from Langerdorff-heart experiments was: NaCl 118.5 mmol/L, KCl 4.7
mmol/L, CaCI2 1.4 mmol/L, KH2PO4 1.2 mmol/L, MgSO4 1.1 mmol/L,
NaHCO3 25.0 mmol/L, dextrose 11.1 mmol/L, and mannitol 8.0 mmol/L.

4. The following criteria for evaluating the materials and methods were shown in the
given sample EXCEPT

A. The procedure is appropriate for the study.

B. The sources of the sample are given in the study.
C. The research design is defined in the study.
D. The study defines the variables of the research.

5. Which of the following DOES NOT explain the checklist “how the samples were
gathered and prepared" in evaluating materials and methods?
A. Describes the materials and equipment used in the research.
B. Explains any exceptional aspects of your data or unexpected results.
C. Explains how the samples were gathered and prepared.
D. Explains how the measurements were made.

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 Answer Keys
Pre-Test Answer Keys
1. D 4. B
2. D 5. C
3. D
Learning Activities Answer Keys

ELICIT/ENGAGE:
A. FACT OR BLUFF

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B. THE FACT ABOUT RCBD AND CRD

CRD
RCB
 Experimental  More or less
subjects has homogeneous
no restriction. Similarities groups
 Flexible (blocks)
 Replicates is  Observes
not the same  Randomization differences is
for different  Replication of large
groups experiments  Replicates in
 Homogeneou  Characteristics each block
s of experimental  Different
characteristic units are treatments are
s of observed. applied in
experimental each block
units  Homogeneous
 Observed characteristics
difference is of
small experimental
units

22
EXPLORE:
Activity 1:
QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1. What is the experimental unit? Okra seed/plant (Abelmoschus
esculentus)
2. What sampling technique is used in the CRD or Completely Randomized
study? Design.
3. How did you know the effect of horse The effect was observed in terms of
manure and urea on okra plants? growth in heights, abundance of leaves,
flowers, fruits and weight of plants.
4. What is the independent variable? Kind of fertilizer used: Horse manure
(organic) and Urea (inorganic)
5. What is the dependent variable? Response of Okra (effect observed in
terms of height, time of flowering,
number of pods, and final weight of
plant)
6. What is the extraneous variable? 1.Quality of Okra seed planted (must be
of same size and age)
2. Sources of the horse manure and
urea
7. Whenever possible, it is always best to The height of the okra plant was
express observations and data in measured in cm, the number of leaves
numerical terms. How did you quantify occurred, length of time for appearance
the responses of the okra plants to the of flowers and fruits recorded, and the
fertilizers? weights of the plants per plot measured
every other day or every five days.
8. How can you be so sure that the By providing a third plot C where plants
responses of Okra plant are due only to are exposed to very similar conditions
fertilizer treatment and not to the kind of as those in plots A and B, except that
soil, amount of water sprinkled, etc.? they are not treated with any fertilizer.
What do you call this variable? This is called the control group.
9. How can we say that the measurements the observed effects on Okra plants
are accurate and reliable? were measured using quantitative data
and was expressed it in average mean
values and statistics will then be
applied.
10. What design is used in the sample Completely Randomized Design or
study? CRD was used.
11. How many treatment/s and replicate/s Three treatments and 18 replicates
was/were applied? were applied.

Activity 2: Research paper should meet the criteria for evaluating the materials
and methods.

23
 Activity 3: Evaluation and parts to be revised may vary depending on the design
revised or suggested.
EXPLAIN Research paper should meet the criteria for evaluating the materials and
methods. Research title, variables, sample and sampling techniques, procedures, data
collection method, treatment and statistical tools may vary depending on the
suggestions/recommendations of the group/research teachers/experts.

ELABIRATE/EXTEND: (Rubric is provided)

Scores may vary depending on the revisions made by the researcher/s.
A total point is 25. If students will get below 20, papers still need to be checked for
revision.

EXTEND
Answers may vary depending on the experience of the student. All
answers are acceptable.

Post-Test Answer Keys

1. D
2. D
3. D
4. B
5. C

24
 References

Cover Art:
Laboratory stock pictures. Royalty Free Laboratory depositphotos from
freepik materials and methods,
https://static9.depositphotos.com/1177973/1089/i/450/depositphotos 10890927-
stock-photo-different-laboratory-glassware-with-color.jpg

Book/Handbook

Helen E. Caintic and Juanita M. Cruz, Scientific Research Manual (Quezon City: C &
E Publishing Inc., 2008), 128

Lillian G. Afonso and Helen E. Caintic , Science Research Process Handbook, ed.
Filma G. Brawner and Elvira R. Galvez, (Intel-DOST-SEI), 13-15.

Ruben E. Faltado III, EdD, et al., Practical research 2:Quantitative Research (Quezon
City: Lorimar Publishing Inc., 2016)45-46

Article in an Online Journal

Dr. Dhriti Bhattacharyya, “How to Write the Methods Section of a Research

Paper”, Editage Insights (Sept. 18, 2018): accessed July 31, 2020, doi:
10.34193/EI-A-5160, https://www.editage.com/insights/how-to-write-the-methods-
section-of-a-research-paper?refer=scroll-to-1-article&refer-type=article

Saul A. McLeod (2019). Psychology Research Report. Simply Psychology (2019),

https://www.simplypsychology.org/research-report.html

Vondon Hidalgo, “Modified Kato Katz using Basella rubra (Alugbati) Methanolic
Extract in Substituting Malachite Green in Staining of Ascaris lumbricoides
Ova” retrieved from https://www.academia.edu, accessed July 30, 2020.

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