THE WEB

The Web (World Wide Web) consists of information organized into Web pages containing text
and graphic images. The World Wide Web is larger collection of interconnected documents or
content. It contains hypertext links, or highlighted keywords and images that lead to related
information. Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee, also known as TimBL. He is a Professorial Fellow of
Computer Science at the University of Oxford and a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology.

A. Web 1.0 (Read Only Static Web)

It is an old internet that only allows people to read from the internet. First stage worldwide
linking web pages and hyperlink. Web is use as “information portal”. It uses table to positions
and align elements on page.
• Most read only web. If focused on company’s home pages.
• Dividing the world wide web into usable directories
• It means web is use as “Information Portal”
• It started with the simple idea “put content together”

Example of Web 1.0

• Mp3.com
• Home Page
• Directories
• Page Views
• HTML/Portals.
Disadvantages
• Read only web
• Limited user interaction
• Lack of standards

B. Web 2.0 (Read-write interactive web)

A term used to describe a new generation of Web services and applications with an increasing
emphasis on human collaboration.

 It is a platform that gives users the possibility (liberty) to control their data.
 This is about user-generated content and the read-write web.
 People are consuming as well as contributing information through blogs or sites.
 Allows the user to interact with the page known as DYNAMIC PAGE; instead of just reading a
page, the user may be able to comment or create a user account. Dynamic page refers to the
web pages that are affected by user input or preference.

Example of Web 2.0 are the following:

A. Social Networking - is the use of Internet-based social media sites to stay connected with
friends, family, colleagues, customers, or clients.

Facebook
Twitter
LinkedIn
Google+
Pinterest
Tumblr
Instagram Page

B. Blogs - is a discussion or informational website published on the world wide web consisting
of discrete, often informal diary-style text entries (posts).

Wordpress
Blogger
Tumbler

C. Wikis - is a hypertext publication collaboratively edited and managed by its own audience
directly using a web browser.

Wikipedia
Wikibooks
Wikiversity
Commons Wiktionary
Wikiquote
Wikivoyage
Wikidata
Wikinews
Wikispecies
MediaWiki

D. Video Sharing Sites - a website that lets people upload and share their video clips with the
public at large or to invited guests.

Youtube
Facebook
LinkedIn
Flickr
Photobucket

Key Features of Web 2.0:

 Folksonomy - allows users to categorize and classify/arrange information using freely chosen
keywords.
 Rich User Interface - content is dynamic and is responsive to user’s input. An example would
be a website that shows local content.
 User Participation - the owner of website is not the only one who is able to put content.
Others are able to place a content on their own by means of comments, reviews, and
evaluation.
 Long Tail - services are offered on demand rather than on a one-time purchase. This is
synonymous to subscribing to a data plan that charges you for the amount of time you spent on
Internet or a data plan that charges you for the amount of bandwidth you used.

C. Web 3.0: (Read-write intelligent web)

• Suggested name by John Markoff of the New York Times for the third generation of the web.
• In this generation, all the application on web or mobile will be upgraded with more features. It
applies same principles as Web 2.0: two-way interaction.
• Web 3.0 will be more connected, open, and intelligent, with semantic web technologies,
distributed databases, natural language processing, machine learning, machine reasoning and
autonomous agents.
• It is a web of data.

Types of Website:

• E-Commerce Website any website that includes a shopping cart and a way for you to provide
credit card information to make a purchase falls into this category.
• Business Website is any website that’s devoted to representing a specific business.
• Entertainment Website if you think about your internet browsing habits, you can probably
think of a few websites that you visit purely for entertainment purposes.
• Portfolio Website type of website is simpler to build than a business website and more
focused on a particular task: collecting work samples.
• Media Website are more likely to include reported pieces in addition to or instead of content
meant purely for entertainment.
• Brochure Website site that includes just a few pages that lay out the basics of what you do
and provide contact information may be enough for you.
• Nonprofit is the easiest way for many potential donors to make donations and will be the first
place many people look to learn more about a nonprofit and determine if they want to support it.
• Educational Website primary goal of either providing educational materials to visitors or
providing information on an educational institution to them.
• Infopreneur Website create and sell information products. That could be in the form of
courses, tutorials, videos or eBooks.
• Personal Website this category includes personal blogs, vlogs, and photo diaries people
share with the world.
• Web Portal are often websites designed for internal purposes at a business, organization, or
institution.
• Wiki or Community Forum Website any website where various users are able to collaborate
on content and all make their own tweaks and changes as they see fit.
 THE INTERNET

The Internet or “net” (network of network) is the largest computer network in the world that
connects billions of computer user. The word internet comes from combination between
“interconnection” and “network”. Network is a collection of computers and devices connected via
communication channels and transmission media allow to share resources (hardware, software,
data, information). Generally, nobody owns the internet.

A. Brief History of Internet

ARPA – Advanced Research Project Agency January 2, 1969 – started an experimental

computer network. Concept – No server, but equal importance/participation to every computer
in the network. Even if, one or two node destroyed that will now affect the network. In 1982 the
word internet started. 1986 – First “ free net” created in Case Western Reserve University 1991:
US government allowed business agencies to connect to internet. Now all people can connect
to the internet and improve their life and work quality. The internet support various aspects in
our life. Vinton Gray Cerf ForMemRS is an American Internet pioneer and is recognized as one
of "the fathers of the Internet", sharing this title with TCP/IP co-developer Bob Kahn.

B. Major Components of the Internet

1. Servers – is a computer program that provides service to another computer program and its
user.

Types of Servers

Application Server – a program in computer that provides the business logic for an application
program.
Web Server – a computer program that serves requested HTML pages or files.
Proxy Server – is a software that acts as an intermediary between an endpoint device, such as
computer and another server from which a user is requesting. Mail Server
File Server – is a computer responsible for central storage and management of data files so that
other computer on the same network can access them.
Policy Server – is a security component of a policy – based network that provides authorization
services and facilities tracking and control of files.

2. IP Address (Internet Protocol) – is a numerical label assigned to each device. This provides
identity to a network device.

3. Browser – is an application program that provides a way to look information on the web.

4. Domain Name System (DNS) – is the phonebook of internet. We access information online
through domain names.

Example of DNS: www.facebook.com, www.pup.edu.ph, www.academia.edu

Name Entity
.com commercial
.org organization
.net network
.edu education
.ph Philippines

5. Internet Service Provide (ISP) – is an organization that provides services for accessing,
using or participating in the internet.

Two types of ISP:

National ISP – provided internet access to a specific geographic area.
Regional ISP – business that provides internet access in cities and towns nationwide.
Example of ISP: Sky Broadband, PLDT, Converge

C. Uses of Internet
• Look for information
• School works, jobs, and home purposes
• Send and receive electronic mail
• Video teleconferencing (video call, video chat)
• Buy and sell product
• Social networking
• Watch & post videos
• Games
• Take college courses
• Monitor home while away
• Financial transactions
• Download music and movie

D. Internet Terms and Definition

• Internet - A global network of thousands of computer networks linked by data lines and
wireless systems.
• Web – a collection of billions of webpages that you can view with a web browser.
• Email – the most common method of sending and receiving messages online
• Social media – websites and apps that allow people to share comments, photos, and videos
• Online gaming – games that allow people to play with and against each other over the
Internet
• Software updates – operating system and application updates can typically downloaded from
the Internet
• HTML - Hypertext Markup Language is a coding language used to tell a browser how to place
pictures, text, multimedia and links to create a web page. When a user clicks on a link within a
web page, that link, which is coded with HTML, links the user to a specific linked web page.
• URL - Uniform Resource Locator is a web address used to connect to a remote resource on
the world wide web.
• Bit - is a single digit in the binary numbering system (base 2). For example: 1 is a bit or 0 is a
bit.
• Byte - generally consists of eight bits.
• Upload - To upload is to transfer data from your computer to another computer.
• Download - To download is to transfer data from another computer to your computer.
• HTTP - is the acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, the data communication standard of
web pages. When a web page has this prefix, the links, text, and pictures should work correctly
in a web browser.
• HTTPS - is the acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. This indicates that the web
page has a special layer of encryption added to hide your personal information and passwords
from others.
• Router or router - modem combination is the hardware device that acts as the traffic cop for
network signals arriving at your home or business from your ISP. A router can be wired or
wireless or both.
• Encryption - is the mathematical scrambling of data so that it is hidden from eavesdroppers.
Encryption uses complex math formulas to turn private data into meaningless gobbledygook
that only trusted readers can unscramble.
• Web Bot - A term that applies to programs/applets (macros and intelligent agents) used on the
Internet. Such bots perform a repetitive function, such as posting messages to multiple
newsgroups or doing searches for information.
• Search Engine - specialized software, such as Google and Yahoo, that lets www browser
users search for information on the web by using keywords, phrases.