Philosophy

PHILOSOPHY individuals or group of individuals or group of
individuals, regardless of the specific nature of

these ideas, views, principles, perspectives, or
beliefs.
Subtopics:
 Some Common Meanings

2. Philosophy as the activity of
 The Love of Wisdom
 Asking Framework Questions reasoning
 Philosophy as an Activity
PILOSOPO
SOME COMMON MEANINGS
-is the one who likes to reason out to engage in
the activity of reasoning
PHILOSOPHY
What pushes a person to pe a “pilosopo”?
-is the study of general and fundamental
questions about existence, knowledge, values, 1. To cover up an obvious truth
reason, mind, and language 2. To annoy or simply irritate someone
3. To engage someone in an unwelcome
-considered as the “Mother Discipline” because argumentation
most branches of science emerged from it
3. Philosophy as an academic course

Philosophy refers to:
or degree
1. Ideas, views, principles, perspectives, or
-refers to an academic subject or course that is
beliefs
taught usually in colleges, universities, and
2. The activity of reasoning
seminaries.
3. An academic course or degree
 Philosophy does involve the activity of

PYTHAGORAS OF SAMOS
reasoning, but philosophy distinguishes
-He is an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher and between correct and incorrect forms of
the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism reasoning
 Philosophy does involve or refer to ideas,
-His political and religious teachings were well beliefs, principles, and the like but
known in Magna Graecia and influenced the philosophy deals with them on a certain
philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, and through level
them, Western philosophy.
 Philosophy as an academic course, does
study reasoning skills and the nature of
morality, knowledge, social justice and
1. Philosophy as ideas, views, others; but philosophy studies much more
perspective or beliefs
-refers to generally to ideas, views, principles,

perspectives, or beliefs held either by
SEMINARIES SOPHIST
-an institution for the training the candidates for -a wise man or one who knows
priesthood, ministry or rabbinate
-a group of intellectuals who taught oratory for
a fee to individuals aspiring to have a
successful career in politics
THEORIES
-set of ideas that served as the starting point

for making a case or conducting an ORATORY
investigation
-art of public speaking
FRAMEWORKS The Church of “Holy Wisdom”

-basic conceptual structure; or bases -Hagia Sophia
MORALITY 3R’s that describes a Sophist

-a doctrine or system of moral conduct;  Relativism
conformity to ideals of right human conduct  Rhetoric
 Recompense
PHILOSOPHY – based on its ethymology –

Love of Wisdom RELATIVISM
-perception
PHILOSOPHY – Greek word “philosophia” –
philia means love and Sophia means wisdom
OBJECTIVE TRUTH
-it is an objective truth when its truth conditions

KINDS OF LOVE are met without bias caused by a sentient
subject
 AGAPE – God’s Love for Humankind
 EROS – Romantic love
 STORGE – Familial love
RHETORIC
 PHILIA – Brotherly love
-the art of effective and persuasive speaking or
writing to get the attention of the public
PHILOSOPHER
-one who loves wisdom RECOMPENSE
-to give something by way of compensation

Sophists believe that: PYTHAGORAS
 All truths are relative in that all truths are -He is known far more for his theories and
determined by or based on human interests ideas in mathematics
 Human interests varies from one another or
from one group to another -He based his teaching on how to lead a
harmonious life
PROTAGORAS
PARMENIDES
-“Man is the measure of all things”
-Known follower of Pythagoras
-A leading sophist of ancient Greece
-Unravelled the biggest question of all: Is it or
is it not?
GREEK SOPHISTS
 Protagoras SOCRATES
 Gorgias
-Most iconic philosopher in the history
 Prodicus
 Hippias -He would question people relentlessly on their
 Thrasymachus beliefs and try to find definitions of virtues
Philosophers believe that: PLATO

 Certain truths are universal (true for all -He combined the two major approaches of
humans) and objective (independent of pre-Socratic metaphysics and natural theology
human interests) with Socratic ethical theology
 One should pursue wisdom with great
-The foundation of Plato’s philosophy is
passion and seriousness
threefold: dialects, ethics, and physics
THALES OF MILETUS
-He is hailed among historians as the “Father ARISTOTLE
of Ancient Greek Philosophy”
-Most influential among the disciples of Plato
-The first person to have investigated basic
principles such as the origin of matter -His interpretation of things was more based on
facts learnt from the experience people would
gain in their lives
ANAXIMANDER
-famous pupil of Thales SAINT THOMAS AQUINAS

-Created the 1st world image of an open -Focused much of his work on reconciling
universe Aristotelian and Christian principles
First speculative astronomer
CONFUSIUS
-Believed in the value of achieving ethical harmony through skilled judgment rather that knowledge of
rules
RENE DESCARTES
-Father of analytical geometry

-Emphasizing the understanding of that which can be known for sure
IMMANUEL KANT
-Assorted that the concepts if time and space, as well as cause and effect, are essential to the human
experience
JOHN LOCKE
-Coined the term tabula rasa (blank slate) to denote that the human mind is born unformed, and that
ideas and rules are only enforced through experience thereafter
KARL MARX
-Argued that societies develop through class struggles, and that this would ultimately lead to the
dismantling of capitalism
Who is the “Real” Wise Person?

 Knows what he/she knows and he/she does not know
 Holds beliefs that are not only true but which he/she can also justify
 Knows a lot of things that are valuable in life
 Puts his/her knowledge to practical use
 Knows what should be done and acts accordingly

Philosophy

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PHILOSOPHY individuals or group of individuals or group of

individuals, regardless of the specific nature of

 Some Common Meanings

3. Philosophy as an academic course

 Philosophy does involve the activity of

-refers to generally to ideas, views, principles,

-set of ideas that served as the starting point

FRAMEWORKS The Church of “Holy Wisdom”

MORALITY 3R’s that describes a Sophist

PHILOSOPHY – based on its ethymology –

-it is an objective truth when its truth conditions

-one who loves wisdom RECOMPENSE

-to give something by way of compensation

Philosophers believe that: PLATO

-famous pupil of Thales SAINT THOMAS AQUINAS

-Father of analytical geometry

Who is the “Real” Wise Person?

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