● What is the difference between thick client and thin client workstations?

The example of a Thin Client workstations are web browsers, these are software
primarily built only to interact with the server or user. The features are built by the
servers and produce through a cloud platform. On the other hand, a thick client is
independent as it creates its own software features and it could controlled and connect
to its servers but as it is independent it is more functional when disconnected.
Furthermore, a thin client as they are web browsers which could connect to a variety of
different multiple web servers they are dependent to a network connection. Although
they could work without a network connection, they offer functionality limitations. In
contrasts to thick client which more functional when offline. It is similar with an offline
game which could be played offline and online if the user intends for a multiplayer or
they to interact with other players. In an in-depth understanding, a thin client as it is
dependent relying on its remote server like a cloud platform for some required features.
It is mostly accessible online, consume less storage on local resources, functionality
depends on a strong network connection, and the data used on the online platform
typically stores on web servers. On the contrary, as thick client is more of an offline
platform it runs effectively even without network connection. On the other hand, it
consumes more local resources and storage as almost all of its features and data are
stored locally.

● Why there is a need for a video card and sound card in a system unit?

As both are an expansion cards, their existence are significant to the overall
functionality of a computer. Monitors are extensively significant to the performance of a
computer. In order for a computer to be accessed and avail by everyone, monitor plays a
vital role in order for the users and computers to interact. Video cards allow the computer
to transmit graphical information or data to a video display device like monitors,
televisions, and projectors. It allows for additional monitors expanding productivity as
multitasking became available by the video card. Even though multiple current
computers have no video expansion cards, on-board video-GPUs are directly mounted
to the motherboard. Although it offers affordability, on the other hand it presents lesser
powerful graphics system. This also convenient for users who are not interested with
gaming but for office and home use only. Furthermore, sound cards are also significant
to a computer particularly both office or home and gaming users. Sound cards transmit
audio information and data to audio devices such as speakers, headphones, etc.
Although sounds are not that necessary in order for a computer to work, sounds are
significant especially for online interactions and gaming experience. Similar with video
cards, modern computers nowadays do not offer sound cards but they do integrated
directly to motherboard termed as on-board sound cards.
● What is the usage and difference of AMD processor and Intel Processor?

Intel or “Integrated Electronics invented by Robert Noyce clocks higher than AMD
which on the other hand costs higher power consumption and battery life. It has good
CPU performance and almost multiple Intel processors come with iGPU. Short
workloads and single core boost particularly on laptops, the newer Intel powered could
be used if battery life is not a point of concern because the usage is lesser and not that
bigger. Different from AMD, Intel requires fewer options on desktop for motherboard or
socket’s compatibility. On the other side, AMD or “Advanced Micro Devices” invented by
Jerry Sanders, Jack Gifford, and John Carey is of said to be cheaper than Intel
processors with same range. It was said that this processor is more efficient than the
current generation Core series. A comparable CPU performance to Core I series, AMD
APUs offers a good iGPU performance. In contrary to Intel, AMD powered by Ryzan
processors more often clock lower and less aggressive in comparison to Intel powered
laptops. As they clock lower, they run cooler thus longer battery life which is highly
preferred on laptops. AMD also has lists of types (Ryzen 7, 9 CPUs or Threadripper) for
heavier tasks such as video editing, 3D modeling, etc. Other different features include:
Intel for less expensive at lower range and AMD of less expensive of higher range, Intel
heating up using clock speed boost while AMD which is cooler of having smaller
lithography, Intel of clock speeding reaching and surpassing to 5.0 GHz while AMD could
also reach 5.0 GHz but results in more heat, and Intel of having symmetric
multiprocessing capabilities of upto 4 sockets/28 cores while AMD has symmetric
multiprocessing capabilities of upto 8 socket/128 cores.

● If you will choose what processor that suits your needs, what would it be?

Currently, the processor of my laptop is Intel Core i5 which allows me to play and
download software and applications required for my course. I have no experience with
AMD as this is my very first laptop although a 2nd hand but my needs are met and I have
no issue other than the RAM and internal local storage that I have. I can’t play smoothly
on multiplayer games as I only have 4GB of RAM but it was okay as long as my
satisfactions and requirements in life are met. Researches says that Intel offers
smoother in gaming as enthusiasts choose the performance and overclocking of Intel
CPUs than AMD. On the other hand, when it comes with application multithreading the
AMD overrun Intel processors. As my needs focuses on my applications to run smoothly
and I am not that good of multithreading my applications, I will highly choose Intel. I am
not that of a multitask person and I do little works only.

● Enumerate the evolution of processors.

A processor or CPU is a logic circuitry which controls and processes computer
functions. It plays a vital role on the computer as it translates most computer commands
in order for a human to easily use it and a computer to function properly. The history of
processors are as follows;
i. Started on 1823 when silicon (Si) was discovered by Baron Jons Jackob
Berzelius which in today the most basic component of a processor.
ii. “gates” or switches” (electrical logic circuits) in 1903 patented by Nikola Tesla.
iii. John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley invented the first
transistor at the Bell Laboratories on December 23, 1947.
iv. John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley patented the first
transistor in 1948.
v. John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley were awarded the
Nobel Prize in physics for their work on the transistor.
vi. The first working integrated circuit was developed by Robert Noyce of
Fairchild Semiconductor and Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments. The first IC
was demonstrated on September 12, 1958. (Geoffrey Dummer is credited as
being the first person to conceptualize and build a prototype of the integrated
circuit.)
vii. IBM developed the first automatic mass-production facility for transistors in
New York in 1960.
viii. April 19, 1965 where Gordon Moore made an observation about integrated
circuits that became known as Moore's Law.
ix. Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore founded Intel Corporation in 1968.
x. AMD (Advanced Micro Devices) was founded on May 1, 1969.
xi. Intel with the help of Ted Hoff introduced the first microprocessor, the Intel
4004 on November 15, 1971. The 4004 had 2,300 transistors, performed
60,000 OPS (operations per second), addressed 640 bytes of memory, and
cost $200.00.
xii. Intel introduced the 8008 processor on April 1, 1972.
xiii. Intel's improved microprocessor chip was introduced on April 1, 1974; the
8080 became a standard in the computer industry.
xiv. Intel introduced the 8085 processor in March 1976.
xv. The Intel 8086 was introduced on June 8, 1978.
xvi. The Intel 8088 was released on June 1, 1979.
xvii. The Motorola 68000, a 16/32-bit processor, was released and later chosen as
the processor for the Apple Macintosh and Amiga computers.
xviii. The Intel 80286 was introduced on February 1, 1982.
xix. Intel introduced the first 80386 in October 1985.
xx. The SPARC processor was first introduced by Sun in 1987.
xxi. Intel 80386SX was introduced in 1988.
xxii. Cyrix released their first coprocessors, the FasMath 83D87 and 83S87, in
1989. These were x87 compatible and designed for 386 computers. The
FasMath coprocessors were up to 50% faster than the Intel 80387 processor.
xxiii. AMD introduced the AM386 microprocessor family in March 1991.
 xxiv. Intel introduced the Intel 486SX chip in April in efforts to help bring a
lower-cost processor to the PC market selling for $258.00.
xxv. Intel released the 486DX2 chip on March 2, 1992, with a clock doubling ability
that generates higher operating speeds.
xxvi. Intel released the Pentium processor on March 22, 1993. The processor was
a 60 MHz processor, incorporates 3.1 million transistors and sells for
$878.00.
xxvii. Intel released the second generation of Intel Pentium processors on March 7,
1994.
xxviii. Cyrix released the Cx5x86 processor in 1995, in an attempt to compete with
the Intel Pentium processors.
xxix. Intel introduced the Intel Pentium Pro in November 1995.
xxx. Cyrix released their MediaGX processor in 1996. It combined a processor
with sound and video processing on one chip.
xxxi. Intel announced the availability of the Pentium 150 MHz with 60 MHz bus and
166 MHz with 66 MHz bus on January 4, 1996.
xxxii. AMD introduced the K5 processor on March 27, 1996, with speeds of 75 MHz
to 133 MHz and bus speeds of 50 MHz, 60 MHz, or 66 MHz. The K5 was the
first processor developed completely in-house by AMD.
xxxiii. AMD released their K6 processor line in April 1997, with speeds of 166 MHz
to 300 MHz and a 66 MHz bus speed.
xxxiv. Intel Pentium II was introduced on May 7, 1997.
xxxv. AMD introduced their new K6-2 processor line on May 28, 1998, with speeds
of 266 MHz to 550 MHz and bus speeds of 66 MHz to 100 MHz. The K6-2
processor was an enhanced version of AMD's K6 processor.
xxxvi. Intel released the first Xeon processor, the Pentium II Xeon 400 (512 K or 1
M cache, 400 MHz, 100 MHz FSB) in June 1998.
xxxvii. Intel released the Celeron 366 MHz and 400 MHz processors on January 4,
1999.
xxxviii. AMD released its K6-III processors on February 22, 1999, with speeds of 400
MHz or 450 MHz and bus speeds of 66 MHz to 100 MHz. It also featured an
on-die L2 cache.
xxxix. The Intel Pentium III 500 MHz was released on February 26, 1999.
xl. The Intel Pentium III 550 MHz was released on May 17, 1999.
xli. AMD introduced the Athlon processor series on June 23, 1999. The Athlon
would be produced for the next six years in speeds ranging from 500 MHz up
to 2.33 GHz.
xlii. The Intel Pentium III 600 MHz was released on August 2, 1999.
xliii. The Intel Pentium III 533B and 600B MHz was released on September 27,
1999.
xliv. The Intel Pentium III Coppermine series was first introduced on October 25,
1999.
xlv. On January 5, 2000, AMD released the 800 MHz Athlon processor.
 xlvi. Intel released the Celeron 533 MHz with a 66 MHz bus processor on January
4, 2000.
xlvii. AMD first released the Duron processor on June 19, 2000, with speeds of
600 MHz to 1.8 GHz and bus speeds of 200 MHz to 266 MHz. The Duron
was built on the same K7 architecture as the Athlon processor.
xlviii. Intel announced on August 28th that it would recall its 1.3 GHz Pentium III
processors due to a glitch. Users with these processors should contact their
vendors for additional information about the recall.
xlix. On January 3, 2001, Intel released the 800 MHz Celeron processor with a
100 MHz bus.
l. On January 3, 2001, Intel released the 1.3 GHz Pentium 4 processor.
li. AMD announced a new branding scheme on October 9, 2001. Instead of
identifying processors by their clock speed, the AMD Athlon XP processors
would bear monikers of 1500+, 1600+, 1700+, 1800+, 1900+, 2000+, etc.
Each higher model number represented a higher clock speed.
lii. Intel released the Celeron 1.3 GHz with a 100 MHz bus and 256 kB of level 2
cache.
liii. Intel Pentium M was introduced in March 2003.
liv. AMD released the first single-core Opteron processors, with speeds of 1.4
GHz to 2.4 GHz and 1024 KB L2 cache, on April 22, 2003.
lv. AMD released the first Athlon 64 processor, the 3200+ model, and the first
Athlon 64 FX processor, the FX-51 model, on September 23, 2003.
lvi. AMD released the first Sempron processor on July 28, 2004, with a 1.5 GHz
to 2.0 GHz clock speed and 166 MHz bus speed.
lvii. AMD released their first dual-core processor, the Athlon 64 X2 3800+ (2.0
GHz, 512 KB L2 cache per core), on April 21, 2005.
lviii. AMD released their new Athlon 64 FX-60 processor, featuring 2x 1024 KB L2
cache, on January 9, 2006.
lix. Intel released the Core 2 Duo processor E6320 (4 M cache, 1.86 GHz, 1066
MHz FSB) on April 22, 2006.
lx. Intel introduced the Intel Core 2 Duo processors with the Core 2 Duo
processor E6300 (2 M cache, 1.86 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB) on July 27, 2006.
lxi. Intel introduced the Intel Core 2 Duo processor for the laptop computer with
the Core 2 Duo processor T5500, and other Core 2 Duo T series processors,
in August 2006.
lxii. Intel released the Core 2 Quad processor Q6600 (8 M cache, 2.40 GHz,
1066 MHz FSB) in January 2007.
lxiii. Intel released the Core 2 Duo processor E4300 (2 M cache, 1.80 GHz, 800
MHz FSB) on January 21, 2007.
lxiv. Intel released the Core 2 Quad processor Q6700 (8 M cache, 2.67 GHz,
1066 MHz FSB) in April 2007.
lxv. Intel released the Core 2 Duo processor E4400 (2 M cache, 2.00 GHz, 800
MHz FSB) on April 22, 2007.
 lxvi. AMD renamed the Athlon 64 X2 processor line to Athlon X2 and released the
first in that line, the Brisbane series (1.9 to 2.6 GHz, 512 KB L2 cache) on
June 1, 2007.
lxvii. Intel released the Core 2 Duo processor E4500 (2 M cache, 2.20 GHz, 800
MHz FSB) on July 22, 2007.
lxviii. Intel released the Core 2 Duo processor E4600 (2 M cache, 2.40 GHz, 800
MHz FSB) on October 21, 2007.
lxix. AMD released the first Phenom X4 processors (2 M cache, 1.8 GHz to 2.6
GHz, 1066 MHz FSB) on November 19, 2007.
lxx. Intel released the Core 2 Quad processor Q9300 and the Core 2 Quad
processor Q9450 in March 2008.
lxxi. Intel released the Core 2 Duo processor E4700 (2 M cache, 2.60 GHz, 800
MHz FSB) on March 2, 2008.
lxxii. AMD released the first Phenom X3 processors (2 M cache, 2.1 GHz to 2.5
GHz, 1066 MHz FSB) on March 27, 2008.
lxxiii. Intel released the first of the Intel Atom series of processors, the Z5xx series,
in April 2008. They are single core processors with a 200 MHz GPU.
lxxiv. Intel released the Core 2 Duo processor E7200 (3 M cache, 2.53 GHz, 1066
MHz FSB) on April 20, 2008.
lxxv. Intel released the Core 2 Duo processor E7300 (3 M cache, 2.66 GHz, 1066
MHz FSB) on August 10, 2008.
lxxvi. Intel released several Core 2 Quad processors in August 2008: the Q8200,
the Q9400, and the Q9650.
lxxvii. Intel released the Core 2 Duo processor E7400 (3 M cache, 2.80 GHz, 1066
MHz FSB) on October 19, 2008.
lxxviii. Intel released the first Core i7 desktop processors in November 2008: the
i7-920, the i7-940, and the i7-965 Extreme Edition.
lxxix. AMD released the first Phenom II X4 (quad-core) processors (6 M cache, 2.5
to 3.7 GHz, 1066 MHz or 1333 MHz FSB) on January 8, 2009.
lxxx. AMD released the first Athlon Neo processor, the MV-40 model, (1.6 GHz and
512 KB L2 cache) on January 8, 2009.
lxxxi. Intel released the Core 2 Duo processor E7500 (3 M cache, 2.93 GHz, 1066
MHz FSB) on January 18, 2009.
lxxxii. AMD released the first Phenom II X3 (triple core) processors (6 M cache, 2.5
to 3.0 GHz, 1066 MHz or 1333 MHz FSB) on February 9, 2009.
lxxxiii. Intel released the Core 2 Quad processor Q8400 (4 M cache, 2.67 GHz,
1333 MHz FSB) in April 2009.
lxxxiv. Intel released the Core 2 Duo processor E7600 (3 M cache, 3.06 GHz, 1066
MHz FSB) on May 31, 2009.
lxxxv. AMD released the first Athlon II X2 (dual-core) processors (1024 KB L2
cache, 1.6 to 3.5 GHz, 1066 MHz or 1333 MHz FSB) in June 2009.
lxxxvi. AMD released the first Phenom II X2 (dual-core) processors (6 M cache, 3.0
to 3.5 GHz, 1066 MHz or 1333 MHz FSB) on June 1, 2009.
lxxxvii. AMD released the first Athlon II X4 (quad-core) processors (512 KB L2
cache, 2.2 to 3.1 GHz, 1066 MHz or 1333 MHz FSB) in September 2009.
lxxxviii. Intel released the first Core i7 mobile processor, the i7-720QM, in September
2009. It uses the Socket G1 socket type, runs at 1.6 GHz, and features 6 MB
L3 cache.
lxxxix. Intel released the first Core i5 desktop processor with four cores, the i5-750
(8 M cache, 2.67 GHz, 1333 MHz FSB), on September 8, 2009.
xc. AMD released the first Athlon II X3 (triple core) processors in October 2009.
xci. Intel released the Core 2 Quad processor Q9500 (6 M cache, 2.83 GHz,
1333 MHz FSB) in January 2010.
xcii. Intel released the first Core i5 mobile processors, the i5-430M and the
i5-520E in January 2010.
xciii. Intel released the first Core i5 desktop processor over 3.0 GHz, the i5-650 in
January 2010.
xciv. Intel released the first Core i3 desktop processors, the i3-530, and i3-540 on
January 7, 2010.
xcv. Intel released the first Core i3 mobile processors, the i3-330M (3 M cache,
2.13 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB) and the i3-350M, on January 7, 2010.
xcvi. AMD released the first Phenom II X6 (hex/six core) processors on April 27,
2010.
xcvii. Intel released the first Core i7 desktop processor with six cores, the i3-970, in
July 2010. It runs at 3.2 GHz and features 12 MB L3 cache.
xcviii. Intel released seven new Core i5 processors with four cores, the i5-2xxx
series in January 2011.
xcix. AMD released the first mobile processors in their A4 line, the A4-3300M and
the A4-3310MX on June 14, 2011.
c. AMD released the first mobile processors in their A6 line, the A6-3400M and
the A6-3410MX on June 14, 2011.
ci. AMD released the first mobile processors in their A8 line, the A8-3500M, the
A8-3510MX, and the A8-3530MX on June 14, 2011.
cii. AMD released the first desktop processor in their A6 line, the A6-3650 (4 M
L2 cache, 2.6 GHz, 1866 MHz FSB) on June 30, 2011.
ciii. AMD released the first desktop processor in their A8 line, the A8-3850 (4 M
L2 cache, 2.9 GHz, 1866 MHz FSB) on June 30, 2011.
civ. AMD released the first desktop processors in their A4 line, the A4-3300 and
the A4-3400 on September 7, 2011.
cv. AMD released the first desktop processors in their A10 line, the A10-5700
and the A10-5800K on October 1, 2012.
cvi. AMD released the Athlon II X2 280, on January 28, 2013. It has two cores
and runs at 3.6 GHz.
cvii. Intel released their first processor to utilize the BGA-1364 socket and feature
an Iris Pro Graphics 5200 GPU. Released in June 2013, it runs at 3.2 GHz
and has 6 MB of L3 cache.
 cviii. AMD introduced the socket AM1 architecture and compatible processors, like
the Sempron 2650, in April 2014.
cix. AMD released their first Pro A series APU processors, the A6 Pro-7050B, A8
Pro-7150B, and A10 Pro-7350B, in June 2014. They feature on or two cores
and run at 1.9 GHz to 2.2 GHz.
cx. AMD released their first Ryzen 7 processors, the 1700, 1700X, and 1800X
models, on March 2, 2017. They have eight cores, run at 3.0 to 3.6 GHz, and
feature 16 MB L3 cache.
cxi. AMD released their first Ryzen 5 processors, the 1400, 1500X, 1600, and
1600X models, on April 11, 2017. They have four to six cores, run at 3.2 to
3.6 GHz, and feature 8 to 16 MB L3 cache.
cxii. Intel released the first Core i9 desktop processor, the i9-7900X, in June 2017.
It uses the LGA 2066 socket, runs at 3.3 GHz, has 10 cores, and features
13.75 MB L3 cache.
cxiii. AMD released their first Ryzen 3 processors, the Pro 1200 and Pro 1300
models, on June 29, 2017. They have four cores, run at 3.1 to 3.5 GHz, and
feature 8 MB L3 cache.
cxiv. Intel released the first desktop processor with 12 cores, the Core i9-7920X, in
August 2017. It runs at 2.9 GHz and features 16.50 MB L3 cache.
cxv. AMD released their first processor with 16 cores, the Ryzen Threadripper
1950X, on Augus 10, 2017. It runs at 3.4 GHz and features 32 MB L3 cache.
cxvi. Intel released the first desktop processor with 14 cores, the Core i9-7940X, in
September 2017. It runs at 3.1 GHz and features 19.25 MB L3 cache.
cxvii. Intel released the first desktop processor with 16 cores, the Core i9-7960X, in
September 2017. It runs at 2.8 GHz and features 22 MB L3 cache.
cxviii. Intel released the first desktop processor with 18 cores, the Core i9-7980X, in
September 2017. It runs at 2.6 GHz and features 24.75 MB L3 cache.
cxix. Intel released the first Core i9 mobile processor, the i9-8950HK, in April 2018.
It used the BGA 1440 socket, runs at 2.9 GHz, has six cores, and features 12
MB L3 cache.
cxx. NVIDIA announced it was acquiring Arm for $40 billion on September 13,
2020.
cxxi. AMD announced it was buying Xilinx for $35 billion on October 27, 2020.