What is a computer?

Computer is a programmable machine. It the integral part of everyday life.

2) What are the different functions of a computer?

A computer does the following functions;

a) Accepting data
b) Processing Data
c) Storing Data
d) Displaying Data

3) Draw the hierarchical classification of the computer.

4) How a minicomputer different from a mainframe?

Minicomputer is a midsized multiprocessing and multi user computer. It is also called mid-
range server. But mainframes are huge computers, most commonly occupying entire rooms
or floor. It is highly costly.

5) What is Super computer?

The fastest type of computer. Supercomputers are very expensive and are employed for
specialized applications that require immense amounts of mathematical calculations. For
example, weather forecasting requires a supercomputer. Other uses of supercomputers
include animated graphics, fluid dynamic calculations, nuclear energy research, and
petroleum exploration.

6) Differentiate Input and Output device.

Input devices are used for giving input to the computer. But output devices are used to get
the result back from the computer. The examples of input devices are keyboard, mouse,
scanner, digital camera atc...whereas output devices include monitor, printer, projector etc....

7) What is a storage device? What is the common classification?

Storage devices are used to store data in the computer. The different types of storage
devices are;
a) Magnetic Devices.
b) Optical Devices.
c) Solid-State Storage Devices.

8) What do you mean by a processing device? What are the various types of processing
devices?

The main function of a computer is to process data. The various types of processing device
in a computer are;
a) Microprocessor
b) Chipset
c) BIOS

9) Differentiates Serial and Parallel port.

Serial port and parallel port are used for transferring data in/out of the computer. In serial
port transmission only 1 bit is transmitted at a time. Most serial ports on personal computers
 conform to the RS-232C or RS-422 standards. A parallel interface for connecting an external
device such as a printer. On PCs, the parallel port uses a 25-pin connector (type DB-25) and
is used to connect printers, computers and other devices that need relatively high bandwidth.
It uses parallel transmission of data.

10) What is an interface?

These are the communication channel that enables your computer to exchange information
with various devices.

11) What is a microprocessor?

The most important electronic component on the computer. It is a programmable logical

device for processing data. In the world of personal computers, the
terms MICROPROCESSOR and CPU are used interchangeably.

12) What are the factors affecting the speed of the microprocessor?

The following are the factors affecting the speed of the microprocessor.
a) Number of instructions build in the processor.
b) Bandwidth
c) Clock Speed
d) Number of transistors inside the processor

13) What are the differences between Multitasking and Multiprocessing?

Multitasking- Enables the processor to do multiple programs simultaneously by fast

switching through the programs. Here doesn't have the involvement of multiple processors.

Multiprocessing- Enables the processor to do multiple programs simultaneously by the use

of multiple processors.
14) What the difference between FSB and BSB?

Front Side Bus. Another name for the system bus. The Front Side Busconnects the CPU
to main memory. A microprocessor bus that connects the CPU to a Level 2 cache is called
Back Side Bus. Typically, a backside bus runs at a faster clock speed than the Front Side
Bus.

15) What is packaging a microprocessor? What are the different packaging available?

Packaging is the process of connecting a microprocessor with a computers motherboard.

The types of microprocessor packaging are;
a) PGA
b) SPGA
c) SECC
d) LGA

16) What is LGA ?

An LGA socket is the connection point for a central processing unit (CPU) to fit into a
motherboard. The LGA stands for Land Grid Array.

17) What is CISC and RISC?

 Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) and Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC)
are two philosophies by which computer chips are designed. RISC became a popular
technology buzzword in the 1990s, and many processors used in the enterprise business
segment were RISC-based.

18) What is Intel Pentium?

The Intel Pentium is a series of microprocessors first developed by the Intel Corporation.
These types of processors have been found in many personal computers since 1993.

19) Any difference between Pentium III and IV.

There have been a number of Pentium processor lines starting with the base Pentium in
1993.The of the recent Pentium entries are Pentium III and Pentium 4.

a) In a Pentium III processor, the bus speed is generally 133 MHz (although there were a
few with 100 MHz). The lowest bus speed on a Pentium IV is 400 MHz, and there are
versions with much higher speeds (topping at 1066 MHz for the "extreme edition").

b) The Pentium 4s are smaller than the Pentium IIIs

c) Pentium III processors had (for the most part) about 512 KB of cache. Pentium 4
processors, on the other hand, start at 512 KB.

20) What are the differences between Intel Celeron and Pentium family of Processors?
Celeron
According to Build Gaming Computers, Celeron processors are the low-end processor
intended for standard home computer use. SciNet reports the best Celeron processor has an L2
Cache of 128kb, a clock speed limit of about 2.0 GHz and runs at a core voltage of 1.75V. These
are useful numbers for comparison.

Pentium
The top Pentium processor is the Pentium 4 Prescott. CPU Scorecard reports it has an
L2 cache of 1MB (1024kb), a potential 3.0 GHz clock speed and runs at about 1.4V. The lowest
performing Pentium 4 processor, the Willamette, has an L2 cache of 256kb, a potential 2.0 GHz
clock speed and runs at about 1.7V.

21) What is Hyper Threading? What is the use of it?

A thread of execution, or simply a "thread," is one series of instructions sent to the CPU.
Hyper-threading is a technology developed to help make better use of spare processing
cycles. Hyper-threaded processors have a duplicate set of registers, small spaces of high-
speed memory storage used to hold the data that is currently needed to execute a thread.
When a CPU core is delayed, waiting for data to be retrieved from another place in memory,
it can use these duplicate registers to spend the spare computation cycles executing a
different thread. The second set of registers will be pre-loaded with the data needed to
execute the second thread, so the CPU core can begin work immediately
22) What is Intel Atom processor?

The Intel Atom family of processors are extremely small central processing units (CPU)
found mostly in ultraportable devices, such as netbooks, cell phones and tablet PCs,
according to Intel. While small and light on energy use, Atom processors can handle the
most common tasks, such as email and instant messaging.

23) What is Nehalem Architecture?

Nehalem is Intel's new microprocessor architecture The Core i7 chips were the first
processors ever produced using an architecture called Nehalem.

24) Which is a heavy-duty Microprocessor of Intel?

Intel Xeon.
25) Which is the processor suitable from Intel family of processors for Server and Workstation?
Intel Xeon.
26) What is full name of AMD?
Advanced Micro Devices.
27) What are the latest Processor of Intel and AMD?
For intel it is Intel Core i7 and AMD Opteron 6200 Series processor.
28) Write socket LGA 775 is apt for which type of Intel Processors?

The top of the line for the LGA775 series CPU socket was the Core 2 processor series, with
the Core 2 Duo E8600, Core 2 Extreme QX9770 and Core 2 Quad Q9650 being the three
top performers

29) Socket 939 is developed by AMD. It supports a maximum of how many bits of computing?
What are the the different processors of AMD is suitable for this socket?
AMD Athlon 64, AMD Athlon 64FX and AMD Athlon 64 X2.
30) Which type of socket is needed to connect a dual core processor of Intel?
Socket LGA 775.
31) What is Heat Sink? What is its use? If it is not in the system what will happen?

A heat sink is a component used to lower the temperature of a device.It is most commonly
there on the microprocessor. If it is not properly fixed the system, the system will shutdown
automatically to prevent further damage to the processor.
32) A CPU fan should be placed in system. Why?
To make the system cool and more functioning.
33) What is Upgrading a microprocessor? Why we have to do it?

34) Upgrading a microprocessor is just physically replacing a processor with a new one. Before
doing so we have to make sure that the processor we want to use for your upgrade is
physically compatible with the socket on your computer's motherboard. We also have to
make sure that the motherboard has the internal logic to support the processor.

35) What are the causes of overheating of microprocessor?

a) Processor fan may not be properly connected.
b) Heat sink may be not contacted with the processor.
c) Jumpers may be configured to over clock the CPU.
d) Voltage supply incompatible

36) No Display. What is the problem?

a) CPU fan problem
b) Heat sink related issue
c) Power related issues
d) Improper Jumper settings

37) What is the use of Conventional memory in the system?

The size of conventional memory is 640KB. It is also called DOS memory or Base memory.
This memory is used by some small programs like Word star, Lotus etcDOS cannot use
more than 640KB.

38) What is main memory in a computer?

The main memory in a computer is called Random Access Memory. It is also known as
RAM. This is the part of the computer that stores operating system software, software
applications and other information for the central processing unit (CPU) to have fast and
direct access when needed to perform tasks.

39) What is Cache memory? What is the advantage if a processor with more cache memory you
are using?
Cache memory is the memory area between RAM and Processor. If cache memory
increases the speed of the system will also improved.

40) What are the different types of RAM?

SRAM, DRAM, VRAM, SGRAM, DDR-SDRAM etc.

41) Differentiate SRAM and DRAM.

SRAM
Static RAM stores each bit of data on six metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors,
or MOSFETs. SRAM is used in devices that require the fastest possible data access without
requiring a high capacity. Some examples are CPU caches and buses, hard drive and router
buffers and printers.
DRAM
Dynamic RAM stores data using a paired transistor and capacitor for each bit of data.
Capacitors constantly leak electricity, which requires the memory controller to refresh the
DRAM several times a second to maintain the data.

42) What are the different DRAM types?

FPMDRAM, EDO DRAM, SDRAM, RDRAM, DDR-SDRAM

43) What is the difference between DDR-I and DDR-II?

DDR2 is the successor to DDR RAM. DDR 2 incorporates several technological upgrades to
computer system memory, as well as an enhanced data rate.DDR 2 is capable of achieving
twice the data transfer rate of DDR-I memory because of its higher clock speed. It operates
at a lower voltage than DDR-I as well: 1.8 volts instead of 2.5.
44) Which is the latest DDR version? Which processor of Intel will support it?

The latest DDR version is DDR-III. Intels all latest processors such as Core i3,i5 and i7 will
support it.
45) What are VRAM and SGRAM?
VRAM is Video Random Access Memory. Video adapter or video system uses VRAM.
VRAM is dual ported. It is costly. But SGRAM is not dual ported and not costly. It is a less
 expensive approach to graphics functions. Most commonly all low cost graphics cards are
using it.

46) What is SODIMM memory module?

Small outline dual in-line memory module (SODIMM or SO-DIMM) is a type of random
access memory (RAM). It is a smaller version of a dual in-line memory module (DIMM).It is
the type of the memory module can be used in laptop.

47) Which is the memory packaging suitable for a sub-note book system?
Micro DIMM

48) What is ECC/EPP?

EPP/ECP (Enhanced Parallel Port/Enhanced Capability Port) is a standard signaling method
for bi-directional parallel communication between a computerand peripheral devices that
offers the potential for much higher rates of data transfer than the original parallel signaling
methods. EPP is for non-printer peripherals. ECP is for printers and scanners. EPP/ECP is
part of IEEEStandard 1284.

49) What is over clocking?

Over clocking is the process of forcing a computer component to run at a higher clock rate.

50) What is memory bank?

Sets of physical memory modules is referred to as memory banks. A memory bank serves
as a repository for data, allowing data to be easily entered and retrieved.

51) What we need to consider before connecting a memory to the system?

a) Capacity of the RAM required
b) Check if installed memory is supported by motherboard and processor
c) Form factor of the RAM
d) Type of RAM needed
e) Warranty of the RAM

52) What is Upgrading the memory?

Adding a memory module to the existing bank on the available slot or replacing the previous
one with the increased memory size is also called upgrading memory. This will surely
increase the performance of the computer.

53) What is BIOS beep code? What it does mean?

BIOS beep codes are the signs of different issues of the computer. The beep code may vary
depends on the manufacture of BIOS. For example in case of Award BIOS the beep code
will be,
1 long beep- shows memory problem
1 long beep and 2 short beeps- failure of DRAM parity
1 log beep and 3 short beeps- signifies Video error
Continuous beep- signifies failure in memory or Video memory.
54) Write any 5 BIOS codes and their indications?
AMERICAN MEGATRENDS (AMI) BEEP CHART
BEEPS ERROR DESCRIPTION
1 Beep Memory timing error
2 Beeps Mismatched memory parity
3 Beeps Memory malfunction
 4 Beeps Motherboard malfunction
5 Beeps Bad CPU
6 Beeps Keyboard controller error
7 Beeps General exception error
8 Beeps Video memory error
9 Beeps Bad ROM checksum
10 Beeps CMOS error
11 Beeps Bad cache RAM

55) What is RDRAM?

Short for RAMBUS DRAM, a type of memory (DRAM) developed by Rambus, Inc.

56) What is SIMM? Is it is using now?

Acronym for Single In line Memory Module, a small circuit board that can hold a group
of memory chips. Typically, SIMMs hold up to eight (on Macintoshes) or nine
(on PCs) RAM chips. On PCs, the ninth chip is often used for parity error checking. Unlike
memory chips, SIMMs are measured in bytes rather than bits.
Now a days this memory module is not used.

57) Why do we call motherboard a motherboard?

Motherboard is the basic integrated board of the computer on which all other components
are connected. So that usually we call motherboard a "motherboard".

58) What is motherboard? What are the different types of it?

Motherboard is the basic integrated board of the computer on which all other components
are connected. This is classified mainly into three Desktop, Laptop and Server motherboard.

59) What is the difference between integrated and non-integrated motherboard?

In integrated motherboard all of the external ports will be present. But in case of non-
integrated motherboard only some important ports will be available instead of all. The non-
integrated motherboard is an old type of motherboard which now a day's not commonly
available.

60) How a server motherboard different from a desktop?

A server motherboard is different from a desktop in features and performance. The number
of processor support, RAM slots ,Expansion card slots etc...are more. For example the
Intel Server Board S5000PSL has the performance and features for growing businesses
demand. It provides excellent data protection, and advanced data management. It
support 64-bit Multi-Core Intel Xeon processor. Eight fully buffered 533/667
MHz DIMMs.Up to six SATA 3Gb/s ports.

61) What is form factor of motherboard?

The form factor of a motherboard determines the specifications for its general shape and
size. It also specifies what type of case and power supply will be supported, the placement
of mounting holes, and the physical layout and organization of the board. Form factor is
especially important if you build your own computer systems and need to ensure that you
purchase the correct case and components.

62) What is ATX? How it is different from AT? Which is using now?
AT is a short for advanced technology, the AT is an IBM PC model introduced in 1984. It
includes an Intel 80286 microprocessor, a 1.2MB floppy drive, and an 84-key AT keyboard.
 The ATX form factor specified changes to the motherboard, along with the case and power
supply. Some of the design specification improvements of the ATX form factor included a
single 20-pin connector for the power supply, a power supply to blow air into the case
instead of out for better air flow, less overlap between the motherboard and drive bays, and
integrated I/O Port connectors soldered directly onto the motherboard. The ATX form factor
was an overall better design for upgrading.

63) What is the need of expansion slot in motherboard?

Alternatively referred to as an expansion port, an expansion slot is a slot located inside
a computer on the motherboard or riser board that allows additional boards to be connected
to it.

64) What is PCI slot? How is different from PCI Express (PCI-E)?
Short for PERIPHERAL COMPONENT INTERCONNECT, a local bus standard developed
by Intel Corporation. PCI Express (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express), officially
abbreviated as PCIe, is a computer expansion card standard designed to replace the
older PCI, PCI-X, and AGP bus standards.

65) What is AGP slot? What is its use?

The Accelerated Graphics Port (often shortened to AGP) is a high-speed point-to-point
channel for attaching a video card to a computer's motherboard, primarily to assist in the
acceleration of 3D computer graphics. Since 2004 AGP has been progressively phased out
in favor of PCI Express (PCIe).

66) What is jumper? What is the need?

A metal bridge that closes an electrical circuit. Typically, a jumper consists of a plastic plug
that fits over a pair of protruding pins. Jumpers are sometimes used to configure expansion
boards. By placing a jumper plug over a different set of pins, you can change a
board's parameters.

67) What CMOS and CMOS battery?

Short for complementary metal oxide semiconductor. Pronounced see-moss. The CMOS
chip holds the date, time, and system setup parameters. This chip is powered by a 3Volt
CMOS battery.

68) What is chipset?

A number of integrated circuits designed to perform one or more related functions. This is
one of the processing device in a computer.

69) Explain any three Intel chipset?

a) Intel P55 Express Chipset.-Desktop PC platforms based on the Intel P55 Express Chipset
combined with the Intel Core i7-800 series processors and Intel Core i5-700 series
processors create intelligent performance for faster multi-tasking, digital media creation and
gaming.
b) Intel HD55 Express Chipset- a new architecture designed to deliver quality, performance,
and industry-leading I/O technologies on platforms powered by the Intel Core i7-800,
Intel Core i5, and Intel Core i3 processors.
c) Intel E7500 Chipset- a volume chipset supports dual-processor (DP) server systems
optimized for the Intel Xeon processor.
70) Which is the chipset needed for Intel Core i7 and Core i5 processors?
Intel Core i7 900-series uses x58 chip set and Core i7 800-series and Core i5 processors
runs on P55 chipset.
71) Which is the socket used by Intel Core i7 and i5 processors?
Intel Core i7 900-series uses LGA1366 socket and Core i5 CPUs--all three run on Intel's
latest P55 chipset and LGA1156 socket.
72) What are the motherboard manufacturing companies?
Intel, Gigabyte, ASUS, Mercury, HP, Acer, Biostar, Compaq, Digital, IBM, AMI.
73) Before upgrading/replacing a motherboard what you need to consider?
a) Power Connectors
b) Memory Support
c) Hard Disk Support
d) System Case
74) Can you upgrade motherboard?
Yes
75) One system is not starting, but the fan is working. What is the problem?
76) What is Intel LGA 1155 Socket?
LGA 1155, also called Socket H2, is an Intel microprocessor compatible socketwhich
supports Intel Sandy Bridge and the up-coming Ivy Bridgemicroprocessors.LGA 1155 is
designed as a replacement for the LGA 1156(known as Socket H).

77) What is power supply unit?

A power supply unit (PSU) supplies direct current (DC) power to the other components in a
computer. It converts general-purpose alternating current (AC) electric power from the
mains to low-voltage (for a desktop computer: 12 V, 5 V, 5VSB, 3V3, 5 V, and 12 V) DC
power for the internal components of the computer.
78) What are the different types of Form Factors of Power Supply?
AT , ATX, Flex ATX, Micro ATX etc
79) What is NLX?
NLX (New Low Profile Extended) was a form factor proposed by Intel and developed jointly
with IBM, DEC.
80) What is Switching Mode Power Supply?
A switched-mode power supply (switching-mode power supply, SMPS, or simply
switcher) is an electronic power supply that incorporates a switching regulator in order to be
highly efficient in the conversion of electrical power. Like other types of power supplies, an
SMPS transfer power from a source like the electrical power grid to a load (e.g., a personal
computer) while converting voltage and current characteristics. An SMPS is usually
employed to efficiently provide a regulated output voltage, typically at a level different from
the input voltage.

81) What is the use of Molex Power connector?

Molex is a four pin power connector found in SMPS. It is used to supply power to HDD, CD
Drive, DVD Drive etc
82) What is Berg (mini Molex) connector is used to.
To provide power to Floppy Disk Drive.
83) What are the different color cables found in Molex connector? What is the Power of it.
-12V Blue, -5V White, 0V Black, +3.3V Orange, +5V Red, +12V Yellow.

84) What are the methods used in a system for cooling?

a) Large System Case
b) Arrangement of Internal Components
c) Keeping the System Clean.
d) Proper Working of the System Case Fan.

85) Power supply fan is not working and it emits a lot of sound. What will the probable cause?
Most of the time this issue arises due to lots of dust is accumulated on the fan motor.
86) What is the capacity of a Floppy Disk?
1.44MB
87) Which is the medium used in a floppy for storing data?
Magnetic Media.
88) What is write protected notch in a floppy? What is its use?
 This is a switch used to eliminate the accidental deletion of data from the floppy.
89) How many tracts and sectors found in a normal floppy dick?
80 tracks and 18 sectors.
90) Which is the file system of a floppy disk?
FAT
91) How can you format a floppy? What is happening if you do so?
Insert the floppy to the system and open my computer. There we can find the icon. Just right
click and select format option. Otherwise we can use format command . Formatting a floppy
will creates sectors and tracks on the floppy.

92) System is not showing floppy disk drive icon in Mycomputer.What will the probable cause?
The device is not detected or disabled.
93) I have inserted a new floppy disk into my drive. The data can be read. But not able to make
modifications. Why?
The disk may be in write protected mode.
94) What is HDD? What are the different types available in the market now?
A hard disk drive (HDD; also hard drive or hard disk) is a non-volatile, random
access digital magnetic data storage device. It is the secondary storage media. There are
different types of hard disk, based on the the intefaces they used we can classify them as
IDE, SATA, SCSI etc...

95) What is SATA?

Serial ATA (SATA or Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) is a computer
businterface for connecting host bus adapters to mass storage devices such as hard disk
drives and optical drives. Serial ATA was designed to replace the older parallel
ATA (PATA) standard (often called by the old name IDE), offering several advantages
over the older interface: reduced cable size and cost (7 conductors instead of
40), native hot swapping, faster data transfer through higher signalling rates, and more
efficient transfer through an (optional) I/O queuing protocol.

96) In Speed how SATA is different from IDE?

SATA- Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) is high speed serial interface
designed to replace IDE and EIDE drive standard SATA has a seven pin connector. SATA
transfer speed of data up to 600 MB per second. Now a day use SATA.

IDE- Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) it has a 40/80 pins connector. IDE transfer speed of
data up to 100/133 MB per second few time ago mostly use IDE.
97) What is eSATA?
External Serial Advanced Technology Attachment or eSATA is an external interface for
SATA technologies. eSATA cables are narrow and can be up to 6.56 feet (2 meters) in
length. eSATA requires its own power connector. It is still an excellent choice for external
disk storage.

98) What is SCSI? Is the SCSI Hard Disk is needed for a home purpose?
SCSI is Small Computer System Interface , is a type of interface used for computer components
such as hard drives, optical drives, scanners and tape drives. SCSI is a faster, more robust technology
than IDE amd SATA, and has traditionally been utilized in servers. Aside from speed, another great
advantage over IDE and SATA is that the SCSI card can connect 15 or more devices in a daisy chain.
The controller assigns each device its own SCSIID, allowing for great flexibility towards expanding
any system. It is more costly. It is not needed for a home purpose.

99) Is there is USB HDD? If yes what is the speed?

Yes. If your HDD is based on USB 3.0 it can offer a maximum transmission speed of up to
5 Gbit/s (640 MB/s), which is over 10 times faster than USB 2.0 (480 Mbit/s, or 60 MB/s).
100) What is IEEE 1394 Interface?
The IEEE 1394 interface is a serial bus interface standard for high-speed communications.
The interface is also known by the brand names of FireWire (Apple), i.LINK (Sony), and Lynx
(Texas Instruments). IEEE 1394 replaced parallel SCSI in many applications, because of
lower implementation costs and a simplified, more adaptable cabling system. The original
release of IEEE 1394-1995 specified what is now known as FireWire 400. It can transfer
data between devices at 100, 200, or 400 Mbit/s. EEE 1394c-2006 was published on June 8,
2007 that provides 800 Mbit/s.

101) What are Solid State Drive means?

A solid-state drive (SSD), sometimes called a solid-state disk or electronic disk, is a data
storage device that uses solid-state memory to store data. SSDs use microchips which
retain data in non-volatile memory chips and contain no moving parts. Compared to
electromechanical HDDs, SSDs are typically less susceptible to physical shock, are silent,
have lower access time and latency, but are more expensive per gigabyte (GB).
 What Is A Computer?
Computer is a programmable machine. It the integral part of everyday life.

What Are The Different Functions Of A Computer?

A computer does the following functions;
a) Accepting data
b) Processing Data
c) Storing Data
d) Displaying Data

How A Minicomputer Different From A Mainframe?

Minicomputer is a midsized multiprocessing and multi user computer. It is also called mid-range
server. But mainframes are huge computers, most commonly occupying entire rooms or floor. It
is highly costly.

What Is Super Computer?

The fastest type of computer. Supercomputers are very expensive and are employed for
specialized applications that require immense amounts of mathematical calculations. For
example, weather forecasting requires a supercomputer. Other uses of supercomputers include
animated graphics, fluid dynamic calculations, nuclear energy research, and petroleum
exploration.

Differentiate Input And Output Device?

Input devices are used for giving input to the computer. But output devices are used to get the
result back from the computer. The examples of input devices are keyboard, mouse, scanner,
digital camera atc...whereas output devices include monitor, printer, projector etc....

What Is A Storage Device? What Is The Common Classification?

Storage devices are used to store data in the computer. The different types of storage devices
are:
a) Magnetic Devices.
b) Optical Devices.
c) Solid-State Storage Devices.

What Do You Mean By A Processing Device? What Are The Various

Types Of Processing Devices?
The main function of a computer is to process data. The various types of processing device in a
computer are:
a) Microprocessor
b) Chipset
c) BIOS

Differentiates Serial And Parallel Port?

 Serial port and parallel port are used for transferring data in/out of the computer. In serial port
transmission only 1 bit is transmitted at a time. Most serial ports on personal computers conform
to the RS-232C or RS-422 standards. A parallel interface for connecting an external device such
as a printer. On PCs, the parallel port uses a 25-pin connector (type DB-25) and is used to
connect printers, computers and other devices that need relatively high bandwidth. It uses
parallel transmission of data.

What Is An Interface?
These are the communication channel that enables your computer to exchange information with
various devices.

What Is A Microprocessor?
The most important electronic component on the computer. It is a programmable logical device
for processing data. In the world of personal computers, the terms MICROPROCESSOR and
CPU are used interchangeably.

What Are The Factors Affecting The Speed Of The Microprocessor?

The following are the factors affecting the speed of the microprocessor.
a) Number of instructions build in the processor.
b) Bandwidth
c) Clock Speed
d) Number of transistors inside the processor

What Are The Differences Between Multitasking And

Multiprocessing?
Multitasking: Enables the processor to do multiple programs simultaneously by fast switching
through the programs. Here doesn't have the involvement of multiple processors.

Multiprocessing: Enables the processor to do multiple programs simultaneously by the use of

multiple processors.

What The Difference Between Fsb And Bsb?

Front Side Bus. Another name for the system bus. The Front Side Bus connects the CPU to main
memory. A microprocessor bus that connects the CPU to aLevel 2 cache is called Back Side
Bus. Typically, a backside bus runs at a faster clock speed than the Front Side Bus.

What Is Packaging A Microprocessor? What Are The Different

Packaging Available?
Packaging is the process of connecting a microprocessor with a computers motherboard. The
types of microprocessor packaging are:
a) PGA
b) SPGA
 c) SECC
d) LGA

What Is Lga ?
An LGA socket is the connection point for a central processing unit (CPU) to fit into a
motherboard. The LGA stands for Land Grid Array.

What Is Cisc And Risc?

Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) and Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) are
two philosophies by which computer chips are designed. RISC became a popular technology
buzzword in the 1990s, and many processors used in the enterprise business segment were
RISC-based.

What Is Intel Pentium?

The Intel Pentium is a series of microprocessors first developed by the Intel Corporation. These
types of processors have been found in many personal computers since 1993.

Any Difference Between Pentium Iii And Iv?

There have been a number of Pentium processor lines starting with the base Pentium in
1993.The of the recent Pentium entries are Pentium III and Pentium 4.

a) In a Pentium III processor, the bus speed is generally 133 MHz (although there were a few
with 100 MHz). The lowest bus speed on a Pentium IV is 400 MHz, and there are versions with
much higher speeds (topping at 1066 MHz for the "extreme edition").
b) The Pentium 4s are smaller than the Pentium IIIs
c) Pentium III processors had (for the most part) about 512 KB of cache. Pentium 4 processors,
on the other hand, start at 512 KB.

What Are The Differences Between Intel Celeron And Pentium Family
Of Processors?
Celeron

o According to Build Gaming Computers, Celeron processors are the low-end processor intended

for standard home computer use. SciNet reports the best Celeron processor has an L2 Cache of

128kb, a clock speed limit of about 2.0 GHz and runs at a core voltage of 1.75V. These are

useful numbers for comparison.

Pentium

o The top Pentium processor is the Pentium 4 Prescott. CPU Scorecard reports it has an L2 cache

of 1MB (1024kb), a potential 3.0 GHz clock speed and runs at about 1.4V. The lowest performing
 Pentium 4 processor, the Willamette, has an L2 cache of 256kb, a potential 2.0 GHz clock speed

and runs at about 1.7V.

What Is Hyper Threading? What Is The Use Of It?

A thread of execution, or simply a "thread," is one series of instructions sent to the CPU. Hyper-
threading is a technology developed to help make better use of spare processing cycles. Hyper-
threaded processors have a duplicate set of registers, small spaces of high-speed memory
storage used to hold the data that is currently needed to execute a thread.

When a CPU core is delayed, waiting for data to be retrieved from another place in memory, it
can use these duplicate registers to spend the spare computation cycles executing a different
thread. The second set of registers will be pre-loaded with the data needed to execute the
second thread, so the CPU core can begin work immediately

What Is Intel Atom Processor?

The Intel Atom family of processors are extremely small central processing units (CPU) found
mostly in ultraportable devices, such as netbooks, cell phones and tablet PCs, according to Intel.
While small and light on energy use, Atom processors can handle the most common tasks, such
as email and instant messaging.

What Is Nehalem Architecture?

Nehalem is Intel's new microprocessor architecture The Core i7 chips were the first processors
ever produced using an architecture called Nehalem.

Which Is A Heavy-duty Microprocessor Of Intel?

Intel Xeon.

Which Is The Processor Suitable From Intel Family Of Processors For

Server And Workstation?
Intel Xeon

What Is Full Name Of Amd?

Advanced Micro Devices.

What Are The Latest Processor Of Intel And Amd?

For intel it is Intel Core i7 and AMD Opteron 6200 Series processor.

Write Socket Lga 775 Is Apt For Which Type Of Intel Processors?
The top of the line for the LGA775 series CPU socket was the Core 2 processor series, with the
Core 2 Duo E8600, Core 2 Extreme QX9770 and Core 2 Quad Q9650 being the three top
performers.
 Socket 939 Is Developed By Amd. It Supports A Maximum Of How
Many Bits Of Computing? What Are The The Different Processors Of
Amd Is Suitable For This Socket?
AMD Athlon 64, AMD Athlon 64FX and AMD Athlon 64 X2.

Which Type Of Socket Is Needed To Connect A Dual Core Processor

Of Intel?
Socket LGA 775.

What Is Heat Sink? What Is Its Use? If It Is Not In The System What
Will Happen?
A heat sink is a component used to lower the temperature of a device.It is most commonly
there on the microprocessor. If it is not properly fixed the system, the system will shutdown
automatically to prevent further damage to the processor.

A Cpu Fan Should Be Placed In System. Why?

To make the system cool and more functioning.

What Are The Causes Of Overheating Of Microprocessor?

a) Processor fan may not be properly connected.
b) Heat sink may be not contacted with the processor.
c) Jumpers may be configured to over clock the CPU.
d) Voltage supply incompatible

No Display. What Is The Problem?

a) CPU fan problem
b) Heat sink related issue
c) Power related issues
d) Improper Jumper settings

What Is The Use Of Conventional Memory In The System?

The size of conventional memory is 640KB. It is also called DOS memory or Base memory. This
memory is used by some small programs like Word star, Lotus etcDOS cannot use more than
640KB.

What Is Main Memory In A Computer?

The main memory in a computer is called Random Access Memory. It is also known as RAM.
This is the part of the computer that stores operating system software, software applications and
other information for the central processing unit (CPU) to have fast and direct access when
needed to perform tasks.
 What Is Cache Memory? What Is The Advantage If A Processor With
More Cache Memory You Are Using?
Cache memory is the memory area between RAM and Processor. If cache memory increases
the speed of the system will also improved.

What Are The Different Types Of Ram?

SRAM, DRAM, VRAM, SGRAM, DDR-SDRAM etc.

Differentiate Sram And Dram?

SRAM

Static RAM stores each bit of data on six metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors, or
MOSFETs. SRAM is used in devices that require the fastest possible data access without
requiring a high capacity. Some examples are CPU caches and buses, hard drive and router
buffers and printers.

DRAM

Dynamic RAM stores data using a paired transistor and capacitor for each bit of data. Capacitors
constantly leak electricity, which requires the memory controller to refresh the DRAM several
times a second to maintain the data.

What Are The Different Dram Types?

FPMDRAM, EDO DRAM, SDRAM, RDRAM, DDR-SDRAM

What Is The Difference Between Ddr-i And Ddr-ii?

DDR2 is the successor to DDR RAM. DDR 2 incorporates several technological upgrades to
computer system memory, as well as an enhanced data rate.DDR 2 is capable of achieving twice
the data transfer rate of DDR-I memory because of its higher clock speed. It operates at a lower
voltage than DDR-I as well: 1.8 volts instead of 2.5.
Technical Support Interview Questions 2
1. What is BIOS?
Ans: BIOS stands for Basic Input-Output System and is pronounced as Bye-
Ose. The BIOS is available on all the computers. It makes sure that all the
components of the computer can function together. It has information about all the
hardware components in the Computer. BIOS can also be called as a Special Software
that interfaces the major hardware components of a computer with the Operating
System. It is usually stored in a Flash Memory Chip on the Motherboard.
Some functions of BIOS:
1. Performs a POST (Power-On Self Test) for all the different Hardware Components in the
System to make sure everything is working properly.
2. Activating other BIOS Chips on different cards installed in the computer, for example,
SCSI and Graphics Cards.
3. Provides a set of low-level suiting that the Operating System uses to interface different
Hardware devices. BIOS manages things in your computer like the Keyboard, Monitor,
Serial and Parallel Ports especially when the computer is Booting up.
4. Manage the settings for Hard-disk drives, System Clock etc.
Sequence of things done by the BIOS when you turn on your Computer:
1. Check the CMOS for Custom Settings
2. Load the interrupt Handlers and Device Drivers
3. Initialize Registers and Power Management
4. Perform POST (Power On Self Test)
5. Display System Settings
6. Determine which devices are Bootable
7. Initialize the Bootstrap sequence

2. What are the Hardware Components of a Desktop Computer / Laptop?

Ans: The Hardware Components of a Desktop Computer / Laptop are as follows:

1. The Processor (CPU)
2. Motherboard
3. RAM (Random Access Memory)
4. Power Supply SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply)
5. Hard-disk Drives
6. CD/DVD-ROM Drives
7. Floppy Disk Drive
8. Sound Card
9. Graphics (Display) Card
10. Keyboard
11. Mouse
12. Monitor

3. What are Hard-Disk Partitions?

Ans: Partitions are used to Divide a Hard-disk drive into smaller segments as
required by the user and for better management of the space in it.
4. Difference between RAM and ROM?

Ans: RAM (Random Access Memory) is used to temporarily store information

that the computer is currently working on.
ROM (Read Only Memory) This is a Permanent type of memory storage used by
computers for important data which never changes. (Example: BIOS)

5. What would you check if there is no sound from your computer?

(Audio not working)

1. Check for cable connections

2. Check for power to the speakers
3. Check for volume control
4. Check for device drivers

6. If a Customer complains that his computer is working really slow,

what are the things you would check?

1. Check if it is taking longer than usual to start up

2. Check if it is slow with one / any particular application or slow overall.
3. Check for Spyware/Malware/Virus in the computer
4. Check the available Hard-Disk Drive Space in the computer.

7. What is the Blue Screen of Death (BSOD)? .

Ans: A Blue Screen of Death (or just a Blue Screen Error) is an indication of a
Critical System Problem wherein the Computer freezes altogether and does not
respond to anything.
To rectify this problem, try Restarting the computer or Booting into Safe Mode. For
more information, read this.

8. Why are Device Drivers required?

Ans: A Device Driver (or just Driver) is a piece of software which is requied to run
every Hardware Component present in the computer.

9. Name one of the latest Computer Processors (CPU) ?

Ans: Intel Pentium Quad Core, Intel I3, I5, I7 processors.

10. What is Ping?

Ans: Ping is a command that checks the connectivity with an IP address. For more
read this article

11. What is a Data Cable?

Ans: A Data Cable is a Thin Plastic band-like cable used to connect the Data-Devices
like Hard-disk drives, Floppy Disk Drives, CD/DVD-ROM drives with the
motherboard. Data Cables are primarily used for Data Transfer.

12. Lights on a Modem / LAN Card:

Ans: Generally, there are 04 lights. They indicate the following:

1. Power Light: Shows if the device (Modem)is getting Power Supply or not.
2. Link Light: Indicates if the device is getting broadband/internet signals properly
from the ISP
3. Data Light: Indicates wether the internet is working or not.
4. Connectivity Light: Indicates the Modem is connected to a PC or not.

13. Name some of the Ports available in a Computer

Ans: Some of the commonly available ports in a Computer are as follows:
1. Keyboard & Mouse Ports Also known as PS/2 ports
2. USB Ports
3. VGA Ports
4. Sound Ports
5. LAN Port Also known as Ethernet Port

14. What does the term USB stand for?

Ans: USB stands for Universal Serial Bus. It allows devices to be connected or
disconnected from a computer without shutting down or restarting the computer.
The current version of USB is 2.0

15.What is the difference between CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) and LCD
(Flat Screen Monitors)?

Ans: CRT Monitors: The Monitor has a picture tube and uses a light-gun to
highlight pixels on the screen.
LCD Monitors: These monitors do not have a picture tube and contain a layer of
liquid crystals on an Electronic Board.
16.What is an IP Address?

Ans: An IP address is a unique numerical identifier of every device on a network. A

typical IP address can look like this: 216.27.61.141. To detect a computers IP
Address, go to Start Run Type in CMD in the Run Dialogue Box and click OK or
hit <Enter> In the Command Prompt Screen that comes up, type in IPCONFIG
and hit <Enter>

17. What is DHCP?

Ans: DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. It is used to generate &
provide IP addresses to the computers on a network.

18. What is DNS?

Ans: DNS stands for Domain Name Services it is used to convert URLs into IP
addresses and vice-versa.

19. Mention a sample computer configuration:

Ans:

1. Intel Pentium Core 2 Duo 3.0Ghz

2. 2 GB RAM
3. 300GB HDD
4. DVD Writer
5. 17 inches LCD Monitor
6. Keyboard
7. Mouse

20. Name any Five Microsoft Office Applications:

Ans:

1. MS Word
2. MS Excel
3. MS Powerpoint
4. MS Access
5. MS Outlook

21. What are RJ45 and RJ11 connectors?

Ans: RJ45 connectors are used for LAN/Ethernet connections and RJ11 connectors
are used for Telephone Cable connections.
22.What is a Parallel Windows installation?

Ans: When the first installation of Windows fails to boot for some reason, another
copy of Windows is installed in teh same drive but in a different directory (so that the
customer can access to and backup his old data). This is called Parallel Installation of
Windows.

23.Name some of the versions of Windows XP.

Ans: Windows XP Home Edition, Professional, Media Center Edition, Tablet PC

Edition, Mobile

24.What are the components needed to setup a Basic Home Network?

Ans: LAN Cards, LAN Cables, Router/Hub

25. Difference betwen a WORKGROUP and a DOMAIN?

Ans: In a Workgroup, all the computers function as Peers. But in a Domain, One
computer is the Server and the others are Clients.

26. What is the difference between FAT32 and NTFS file systems?
Ans: 1. NTFS allows compression and file encryption. FAT32 does not. 2. NTFS is
more secure than FAT32

27. What does BOOT.INI do?

Ans: Boot.ini lists all the Operating Systems present in the computer and provide
information about which partitions they are located on.

28. How would you access the Recovery Console in Windows?

Ans: By booting with the Windows XP CD and following the on-screen instructrions.
The Recovery Console can also be installed in your computer.

29. Provide the names of a few Firewalls:

Ans: Norton, McAfee, Zone Alarm etc

30.What feature of Outlook Express allows multiple customers to send
and receive emails, each using a separate account?
Ans: Identities