American Journal of Sciences and Engineering Research www.iarjournals.

com

American Journal of Sciences and Engineering Research

E-ISSN - 2348 -703X, Volume 4, Issue 3, 2021

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

RFID Based Smart Door Lock Security System

Sadia Akter Prity1, Jannatul Afrose1, Md. Mahmudul Hasan2

1
Student, Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University,
Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
2
Faculty, Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University,
Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

ABSTRACT: For every household, security is one of the main concerns. In this age of constantly increasing count
of crime, various attempts have been made to secure the entrance and control the accessibility of the
household. Traditional mechanisms such as lock and key, Deadbolts, Door chain and Mortise locks; they all have
their limitations. Some of them are heavy in weight but fragile. Some others are more of an inconvenience than
being a thing of actual benefits. This paper proposes a RFID-based secure door lock system and tries to draw
upon its various advantages over traditional door security systems. Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a
wireless technology that allows the development of scalable control systems with flexibility. The goal of this
work is to develop a system in which ease of use comes together with better security but without any extra cost.

Keywords: Arduino Uno, RFID, GSM Module, Door lock system, Password-based, Security.

I. INTRODUCTION
The need for safety has been one of the primary factors behind people’s attempts to build homes of
their own. Every house comes with one or more main entrances. The main doors are one of the vital points of
security. Having mechanisms or security measures in place to control the access to the house has been proved
to provide the aspired safety and security [1].

As every house comes with doors, doors come with locks. In an attempt to ensure security, various
kinds of door locks such as mechanical or electronic, have been implemented. Even after using those kinds of
locks, the crimes do happen due to the fact that such locks have well-known weak points of their own. Some
locks can be picked and others can be disabled in some way. So there is a need to invent other kinds of locks
which cannot be easily broken and even if they can be broken, the task won’t be so easy as it is for other kinds
of locks [2].

Various control systems have been designed over the years. The main aim in designing those systems
includes –
Ease of Control: The system should be easy to control for the household owners.
Durability: The system should be durable enough.
Security: The system itself should be secure to provide security.

The purpose of this paper is to present a secure smart door lock which is intended to offer high security,
easy access, and control. Therefore, the proposed system makes use of RFID tags and GSM modules to
implement a secure but easy-to-use system. It has the possibility to replace the traditional door lock system.
By using the proposed method, the security of the household can be enhanced at a very low cost.

162 Received-15-06-2021, Accepted- 24-06-2021

 American Journal of Sciences and Engineering Research www.iarjournals.com

Figure 1: Block Diagram of the System

The block diagram representation of the system is shown in Figure 1 above. Here, the system has an AC-
to-DC converter in order to provide constant power supply for the circuit.

Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. Users can simply power it with an
AC -to-DC adapter or battery to get started.

Next the keypad, 4X4, is used only for putting numbers for the password. The complete circuit diagram
for RFID and Keypad based Door lock and Alert System using Arduino is shown at Figure 2.

Figure 2: Connection of the system

In this paper, RFID & Keypad Module has been used for verifying that only the authorized user can open
the door. The GSM module adds additional security and control to the whole project. The 16x2 LCD module is
connected to the board using the pin connection.

163 www.iarjournals.com
 American Journal of Sciences and Engineering Research www.iarjournals.com

II. OPERARION OF THE SYSTEM

Like all other RFID systems, the one presented in this paper contains three basic components, the RFID
tag, the RFID reader and the backend. The code had to be modified to include the RFID tag’s UUID. The
passive RFID tag powers up passively and exchanges commands/responses. If the RFID tag is read
successfully, the user has to proceed with entering the keycode on the matrix keypad.

Matrix keypads or thin membrane keypads are built on a film membrane and are rectangular in shape.
We have used a library available for Arduino for keypad. Though, it is important to note that, one can
program the keypad to enable the user to input symbols as a code, which will provide even better than
simple alphanumeric code, specifically if the code is noticeably short in length.

SIM900 is a quad band GPS solution and it can be even embedded in client applications. It gives voice
notice, sms and text. The user can send a message to the board in order to control the behavior of the door
lock. If the user sends “close” to the board, the lock will suspend its regular application and it will wait for the
confirmation message with “open” as its content.

During this period, the scanning for RFID tags will halt too and only messages to the board will be
looked for. On scanning the wrong tag or on entering the wrong password, it will send the owner an alert. On
scanning the right tag and on entering the right password, it will send the household owner a confirmation
message that the door has opened. The owner can halt the system by sending a ‘close’ message to Arduino
and it will only go back to normal mode when the ‘open’ message is sent to Arduino. During halt time, it
won’t scan for any tags and it will only look for messages. It is possible to open the door by sending a
message to Arduino. Practical circuit diagram is represented in Figure 3 below.

Figure 3: Practical Circuit

164 www.iarjournals.com
 American Journal of Sciences and Engineering Research www.iarjournals.com

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Initially the door is locked. The user is reminded about scanning the tag in order to open the door. The
initial condition of the system is described in the following Figure 4.

Figure 4: Initial condition

After scanning the tag, there can be two possible scenarios which are depicted in Figure 5 and Figure 6
below. In one of them where the tag matches, the user is confirmed about it via a message from the system
on the LCD display.

Figure 5: Confirmation when tag matches

Alternatively, if the tag doesn’t match, the user will be informed about it via an sms to his phone
number and the system will deny access to the person who has tried to open the door.

Figure 6: Message informing the tag being the wrong one

165 www.iarjournals.com
 American Journal of Sciences and Engineering Research www.iarjournals.com

For the first scenario, i.e., if the tag matches, the user will be then asked to enter the password which is
shown in Figure 7. If the password matches, then the system will confirm the user about it and let the user
proceed on further to open the door (Figure 8).

Figure 7: Prompt for password Figure 8: Confirmation on entering the correct

password

During the whole operation, the user will be informed via sms if the door is unlocked/someone
attempts to open the door using the wrong tag or password. The whole alerting system by sms is depicted in
Figure 9.

Figure 9: Information received by user

166 www.iarjournals.com
 American Journal of Sciences and Engineering Research www.iarjournals.com

IV. CONCLUSION
In this paper, an attempt has been taken to make the secure door lock system which provides some
effective security measures and also easily accessible for the users. The components that were used can be
changed with similar types of components without bringing any major change to the program itself. For
example, use an Arduino Nano board to achieve the same thing in a much smaller package size will be
tremendously useful in practical usage.

Security
When the lock and key system is concerned, security is very poor compared to other improved security
systems as any key can be duplicated at any time. RFID cards provide good authentication compared to the
traditional system.
The keypad works as an extra layer of security. Even if the RFID tag gets misplaced or falls into some
unauthorized personnel’s hand, the keycode will make sure that the door remains locked.
Cost
Lock and key system is, without any doubt, the cheapest among security systems and is available to all users.
RFID readers and tags are a little bit more costly yet also provide considerable security than lock and key
systems. Actually, the cost of the RFID is not that much costly if the price of a good quality lock is taken into
consideration. But the project, as it consists of various components, is reasonably costlier than traditional
alternatives.
Several features can be added in this project to make it more users friendly. For example, fingerprint
input feature can be added. It is also possible to create an android app client for the project, which will inform
the user if someone else except the actual user breaches the door. Finally, taking the limitations discussed
above into consideration, the project might get benefited by some newer digital technologies like iris scanning,
retinal scanning, voiceprint identification to authenticate users. That way, this Arduino based door locking
system will be able to provide more advanced and faster accessible security with ease of use for home doors
and gates.

V. REFERENCES
1. Prof. A. Y. Prabhakar, Prof. Dr. Shruti K Oza, Nayan Shrivastava, Prakhar Srivastava, Garvit Wadhwa (2019).
Password Based Door Lock System. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Vol.
06 Issue: 02, 1154-1157.
2. Orji E.Z., Nduanya U.I. and Oleka C.V. (2019). Microcontroller Based Digital Door Lock Security System Using
Keypad. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science (IJLTEMAS),
Vol. VIII, Issue I, 92-97.
3. S. Shetty, S. Shetty, V. Vishwakarma and S. Patil (220). Review Paper on Door Lock Security Systems.
International Conference on Convergence to Digital World - Quo Vadis (ICCDW), Mumbai, India, pp. 1-4, doi:
10.1109/ICCDW45521.2020.9318636.
4. S. Umbarkar, G. Rajput, S. Halder, P. Harname and S. Mendgudle (2016). Keypad/Bluetooth/GSM Based Digital
Door Lock Security System. ICCASP/ICMMD, vol. 137, pp. 749-757.
5. M. Tseng, K. Liu, C. Hsieh, S. J. Hsu and C. Chan (2018). Gesture Spotting Algorithm for Door Opening using
Single Wearable Sensor. IEEE International Conference on Applied System Invention (ICASI), pp. 854-856.
6. B S Sriharsha, Vishnu S B Zabiullah and V Sanju (2016). Password Protected Locking System Using Arduino. BIJIT-
2016, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 0973-5658, January - June 2016.
7. S. Zeiß, A. Marinc, A. Braun, T. Große-Puppendahl and S. Beck (2014). A Gesture-Based Door Control Using
Capacitive Sensors in Distributed Ambient and Pervasive Interactions. DAPI 2014, Cham:Springer, vol. 8530.
8. Ilkyu Ha (2015). Security and Usability Improvement on a Digital Door Lock System based on Internet of Things.
Advanced Science and Technology Letters, vol. 109, pp. 33-38.
9. L. Kamelia, M. R. Effendi and D. F. Pratama (2018). Integrated Smart House Security System Using Sensors and
RFID. 4th International Conference on Wireless and Telematics (ICWT), Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia, pp. 1-5, doi:
10.1109/ICWT.2018.8527803.

167 www.iarjournals.com
 American Journal of Sciences and Engineering Research www.iarjournals.com

10. T.S. Gunawan, I. Rahmithul, H. Yaldi, M. Kartiwi and N. Ismail (2017). Prototype Design of Smart Home System
using Internet of Things. Indones. J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 107-115.
11. L. Kamelia, S.R. Alfin Noorhassan, M. Sanjaya and W.S. Edi Mulyana (2014). Door-Automation System using
Bluetooth-basked Android for Mobile Phone. ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci., vol. 9, no. 10.
12. D. Naresh, B. Chakradhar and S. Krishnaveni (2013). Bluetooth Based Home Automation and Security System
using ARM9. Int. J. Eng. Trends Technol., vol. 4, no. 9, pp. 4052-4058.
13. K. Shingala and J. Patel (2017). Automatic Home Appliances and Security of Smart Home with RFID SMS Email
and Real Time Algorithm Based on IOT. Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 1958-1964.
14. M. Patil and S.R.N. Reddy (2013). Comparative Analysis of RFID and Wireless Home / Office Automation. Int. J.
Soft Comput. Eng., vol. 3, no. 3.
15. M.W. Alam and T. Sultana (2014). RFID Based Room Automation. Proceedings of the International Conference
on Mechanical Engineering and Renewable Energy, pp. 1-6, May 2014.
16. K. S. Ravi, G. H. Varun, T. Vamsi and P. Pratyusha (2013). RFID Based Security System. International Journal of
Innovative and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE), vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 132-134.
17. R. Khalimov, Z. Rakhimbayeva, A. Shokayev, B. Kamalov and M. H. Ali (2020). Development of Intelligent Door
Locking System Based on Face Recognition Technology. 11th International Conference on Mechanical and
Aerospace Engineering (ICMAE), Athens, Greece, 2020, pp. 244-248, doi: 10.1109/ICMAE50897.2020.9178866.
18. S. Z. Li, A. K. Jain and F. Recognition (2011). Handbook of Face Recognition, pp. 1-15. Retrieved from:
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-932-1.
19. R. L. Hsu, M. Abdel-Mottaleb and A. K. Jain (2002). Face detection in color images. IEEE transactions on pattern
analysis and machine intelligence, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 696-706.
20. Gyanendra K Verma, Pawan Tripathi (2010). A Digital Security System with Door Lock System Using RFID
Technology. International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 5, No.11.

168 www.iarjournals.com