A Robert evaporator is used to concentrate a 10,000 kg/hr fructose solution at 68°F from 10°Balling to

56°Balling. The vapor chest pressure is at 20 in Hg vacuum where barometric pressure reads at 30 in Hg.
Steam enters at 400 K, 2 atm and condenses at 390 K, 1 MPa.

Since the company wants to provide an allowance for the solution, a differential static pressure 𝑑𝑃,
brought by the incoming solution, is incorporated to allow adjustment for the vapor chest at the average
height of the slurry and average density. The densities of a pure fructose are given at various
temperatures:

The evaporator is 7 ft in height (outlet concentrate opening to cylindrical shell at vent)—1/3 of it is

utilized for the space where the feed can be placed and the other 2/3 for the vapor venting space. Only
half of the allowed height is utilized for the feed space during the operation. Determine the steam
economy.

V:

P=30 inHg – 20 inHg = 10 inHg

or 0.0338639 MPa

F = 10,000 kg/hr fructose

68°F = 293.15°K
10°Balling = 10 wt%

390 K
S = 400 K
1 Mpa
=2 atm or 0.20265 MPa

L = 56 °Balling = 56 wt%
 OMB: Recalculating OMB:
F=L+V F=L+V
10,000 kg/hr = L + V 10,000 kg/hr = 1785.714286 kg/hr + V
V = 8214.285714
Component Bal:
F=L+V
10,000 (0.1) = L(.56) + V
L = 1785.714286 kg/hr

Find the Enthalpy Balance:

From Perry’s 9th ed. Table 2-135

Liqour Temp: Temperature (K) Pressure (Mpa)

T L =T V ( chest vapor ) T V =0.0338639 MPa 340 0.027188
344.6059749 0.0338639
T L =T V =344.6059749 K 350 0.041682

'
get the enthalpy of liquid ∧vapor ∈ Perr y s 9 thed . table 2−135
KJ 1000 J 1 mol J
h v =5.389789284 × × =299.1004042
mol 1 KJ 18.02 g g
KJ J J
H v =47.35340343 =2627.82483 λV =H v −h v λV =2328.724425
mol g g
 '
get the enthalpy of liquid ∧vapor ∈ Perr y s 9 thed . table 2−135
for hs ( outlet )
Temp(K) Enthalpy @ 1 Mpa
300 2.0444
400 9.6106
453.03 13.737 Mpa Enthalpy
0.1 9.638786209
Temp (k) Enthalpy @ 0.1 Mpa 0.20265 9.635571415
300 2.0295 1 9.6106
372.15 7.5196
400 9.638786209

for H s (inlet)

Mpa @400 K Enthalpy

0.1 49.189
20265 48.97049388
0.24577 48.924

Find λs

T =400 K @ 0.20265 MPa

KJ 1000 J 1 mol J
h s=9.635571415 × × =534.7153948
mol 1 KJ 18.02 g g
KJ 1000 J 1 mol J
H s =48.97049388 × × =2717.563478
mol 1 KJ 18.02 g g
λs = H s −hs
J
λs=2182.848084
g

Find C pf
= ????
A comercial screen cloth of market grade is used to separate different fractions of 300 m3/hr of crystals
obtained from crystallization via nucleation process in a cylindrical vessel of 3 m height and 9.25 m OD
of thickness 3.6 cm. The properties of the slurry are: 𝑀𝑇= 220 g/L; 𝜌=1.26 g/mL; 𝜑=𝑘𝑣=0.97

Find:
a. Kinetic equation
b. Dominant particle
c. What is the cumulative weight fraction at 700 microns?

Solution:
Find the necessary values

Find the Volume of the Cylinder

Given: 2
So l' nV =π r 2 hV =π ( 4.607 ) ( 3 )
h=3 m V =200.0357192m3
OD=9.25 m
thickness=3.6 cm∨0.036 m
ID=9.25 m−0.036 m=9.214 m
r =4.607 m
2
V =π r h
3
V 200.0357192m
Find the retention time: Solnt= t=
Q 3
300 m /hr
V =200.0357192m3 t=0.6667857305 hr
3
Q=300 m /hr
V
t=
Q
Find G, n o

Given:
𝑀𝑇= 220 g/L
g −3
ρc =1.26 ∨1.26 × 10 g / L
mL
𝜑 =a = 0.97

From perrys 9th ed. Table 21-12

MKT L ,inc L , mm
7 0.1080 2.7432
9 0.0860 2.1844
12 0.0600 1.524
14 0.0510 1.2954
18 0.0386 0.98044
24 0.0277 0.70358
40 0.0150 0.381

Lave(mm) Wt % ∆L
2.4638 1.68 0.5588
1.8542 2.31 0.6604
1.4097 2.12 0.2286
1.13792 13.90 0.31496
0.84201 32.89 0.27686
0.54229 45.78 0.32258

( M T )( X wt % )
Calculate the value of n. where n= 3
(ρ¿¿ c )(α L )(∆ L)¿

@ 1.68 wt%
g
(220 )(0.0168)
L
n= =361.8402985
1.26 g
( )(0.97)(2.46383)(0.5588 mm)
1000 L
@ 2.31 wt%
g
(220 ) ( 0.0231 )
L
n= =987.6784692
1.26 g 3
( ) ( 0.97 )( 1.8542 mm ) ( 0.6604 mm )
1000 L

@2.12 wt%
g
(220 ) ( 0.0212 )
L
n= =5958.815477
1.26 g
( ) ( 0.97 )( 1.4097 mm )3 ( 0.2286 mm )
1000 L

@13.90 wt%
g
(220 ) ( 0.139 )
L
n= =53,914.3791
1.26 g
( ) ( 0.97 )( 1.13792 mm )3 ( 0.31496 mm )
1000 L

@ 32.89 wt%
g
(220 ) ( 0.3289 )
L
n= =358205.5515
1.26 g 3
( ) ( 0.97 )( 0.84201 mm ) ( 0.27686 mm )
1000 L

@ 45.78 wt%
g
(220 ) ( 0.4578 )
L
n= =1601857.815
1.26 g 3
( ) ( 0.97 )( 0.54229 mm ) ( 0.32258 mm )
1000 L

Using regression,
y=mx+b
The value of b = ln(no) = 16.23601821
−1
The value of m = = -4.602012228
¿
Calculate the value of no
ln(no) = 16.23601821
no= 11251569.75 crystals/mm
Calculate the value of G
t=0.6667857305 hr
−1 = -4.602012228
¿
mm
G=0.3258861732
hr

Since we have now the value of no and G. We can now find a,b,c
a.) Kinetic equation
o
From Perry’s 9th ed. Table 18-4. The formula for kinetic equation is B0=G n .

B0=0.3258861732
mm
hr (
11251569.75
crystals
mm )
crystals
B0=3666731.009
hr

b.) Dominant Particle

From Perry’s 9th ed. Table 18-4. The formula for Dominant Particle is L D=3>¿

(
L D=( 3 ) 0.3258861732
mm
hr )
( 0.6667857305 hr )

L D=0.6518887502 mm

L D=0.6519 mm

c.) What is the cumulative weight fraction at 700 microns?

From Perry’s 9th ed. Table 18-4. The formula cumulative weight fraction is

W x =1−e
−x
( x 3 x2
6 2 ) L
+ + x +1 and the formula for the dimensionless length is x= .
¿

Get the value of dimensionless length ( x ¿

L
x=
¿

x=
( 700 µm ) ( 1000
1 mm
µm )
mm
0.3258861732 ( 0.6667857305hr )
hr
x=3.22140856

( )
3 2
x x
W x =1−e−x + + x +1
6 2

( )
3
−3.22140856 (3.22140856) 3.221408562
W x =1−e + +3.22140856+1
6 2

W x =0.40224287

W x =0.4022