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    Hematra Solution Final

    Uploaded by

    Darlene Francia
    The document provides calculations to analyze an evaporator with and without boiling point rise (BPR). Key results include: With BPR, temperature differences (ΔT) across the first and second effects are 12.26 K and -25.1 K, respectively. Without BPR, ΔT values are 20.04 K and 1.57 K. Mass flow rates of vapor (V1, V2) and temperature profiles are also calculated and compared with versus without BPR.

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    Hematra Solution Final

    Uploaded by

    Darlene Francia
    18 views9 pages
    The document provides calculations to analyze an evaporator with and without boiling point rise (BPR). Key results include: With BPR, temperature differences (ΔT) across the first and second effects are 12.26 K and -25.1 K, respectively. Without BPR, ΔT values are 20.04 K and 1.57 K. Mass flow rates of vapor (V1, V2) and temperature profiles are also calculated and compared with versus without BPR.

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    The document provides calculations to analyze an evaporator with and without boiling point rise (BPR). Key results include: With BPR, temperature differences (ΔT) across the first and second effects are 12.26 K and -25.1 K, respectively. Without BPR, ΔT values are 20.04 K and 1.57 K. Mass flow rates of vapor (V1, V2) and temperature profiles are also calculated and compared with versus without BPR.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    18 views9 pages

    Hematra Solution Final

    Uploaded by

    Darlene Francia
    The document provides calculations to analyze an evaporator with and without boiling point rise (BPR). Key results include: With BPR, temperature differences (ΔT) across the first and second effects are 12.26 K and -25.1 K, respectively. Without BPR, ΔT values are 20.04 K and 1.57 K. Mass flow rates of vapor (V1, V2) and temperature profiles are also calculated and compared with versus without BPR.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    Solution

    EVAPORATOR

    OMB
    F = V1 + V2 + L2
    5.7 kg/s = V1 + V2 + L2

    Component Balance
    5.7 kg/s ( 22%) = V1 (0) + V2 (0) + L2 (43%)
    L2 = 2.91627907 kg/s

    OMB Effect 1:
    F = V 1 + L2
    5.7 kg/s = V1 + L2

    OMB @ Effect 2:
    L1 + V1 = V1 + V2 + L2
    L1 = V2 + L2

    Effect 1

    1 atm )( 10 )
    ( 101300 Pa 1 MPa
    2.3 atm 6
    =0.23299 MPa
    To find the enthalpy of steam:
    (Saturated Vapor)

    P H
    0.17964 48.665
    0.24577 48.924
    H = 48.87394677 kj/mol

    (Saturated liquid)

    P h
    0.17964 8.8354
    0.24577 9.6013
    h = 9.453285453 kj/mol
    λs = H – h
    λs = 39.42066132 kj/mol

    Molecular Weight of H2O = 18.01528 g/mol (based on Perry’s Chemical Engineering Handbook 9th Edition)

    λs = 39.42066132 kj/mol ( 18. 01528


    1 mol
    grams )( 1 kg )
    100 grams

    λs = 2188. 179219 kj/kg

    To find the temperature of steam:

    T P
    390 0.17964
    400 0.24577
    Ts = 398.0674429 K

    Since @ Last effect = 43%


    Feed Temp = 10%
    Assuming concentration of 25% for first effect.
    Find TV1

    Pressure = 20 kpa ( 1000


    1 kPa )
    pa
    + 101300 Pa

    Pressure = 121,300 pa (0.1213 MPa)

    T P
    370 0.090535
    380 0.12885
    (@ 0.1213) TV1 = 378. 0294924 K

    To find BPR, Fig 11-112 of Perry’s Chemical engineering Handbook 9th Edition is used.
    @ 25% NaCl

    Assume: BPR of 20°F


    TL1 = TV1 + BPR
    TL1 = 220.7830863 °F + 20 °F
    TL1 = 240.7830863 °F

    BPR = 14 °F
    New TL1 = 234.7830863 °F
    ⸫ TL1 = 234.7830863 °F or 385.8072701 K

    To find λVI
    TV1 = 378. 0294924 K
    (Saturated Liquid)

    T h
    370 7.3121
    380 8.0725
    h = 7.9226626 kj/mol
    (Saturated Vapor)

    T H
    370 48.111
    380 48.393
    H = 48.33743168 kj/mol
    λV1 = H-h = 40.41476909 kj/mol

    λV1 = 40.41476909 kj/mol ( 18. 01528


    1 mol
    grams )( 1 kg )
    100 grams

    λV1 = 2243.360585 kj/kg

    Effect 2
    To find TV2

    14 kPa ( 1000
    1kPa )
    Pa
    +101300 Pa=115,300 Pa ( 0.1153 MPa )
    T P
    370 0.090535
    380 0.12885
    (@0.1153 MPa) TV2 = 376.463526 K (217.9643469 °F)

    Assume: BPR of 20°F


    TL2 = TV2 + BPR
    TL2 = 217.9643469 °F + 20 °F
    TL2 = 237. 9643469 °F

    To find BPR, Fig 11-112 of Perry’s Chemical engineering Handbook 9th Edition is used.
    @ 43% NaCl solution

    BPR1 = 44 °F
    New TL2 = 217.9643469 °F + 44 °F
    TL2 = 261.9643469 °F

    BPR2 = 47 °F
    New TL2 = 217.9643469 °F + 47 °F
    TL2 = 264.9643469 °F

    BPR3 = 48 °F
    New TL2 = 217.9643469 °F + 48 °F
    TL2 = 265.9643469 °F
    BPR4 = 48 °F

    Using the obtained BPR, Find TL2


    TL2 = TV2 + BPR

    TL2 = 376.463526 K + ( 1.848 K )


    TL2 = 403. 1301927 K
    To find λV2 using TV2 = 376.463526 K

    (Saturated Liquid)

    T h
    370 7.3121
    380 8.0725
    h = 7.80358652 kj/mol

    (Saturated Vapor)

    T H
    370 48.111
    380 48.393
    H = 48.29327143 kj/mol

    λV2 = H-h = 40.48968491 kj/mol

    λV2 = 40.48968491 kj/mol ( 18. 01528 grams )( 1 kg )


    1 mol 100 grams

    λV2 = 2247.519046 kj/kg

    Find the change in Temperature in each effect

    ΔT1 = TS – TL1
    ΔT1 = 398.0674429 K – 385.8072701 K
    ΔT1 = 12. 2601728 K

    ΔT2 = TV1 – TL2


    ΔT2 = 378.0294924 K – 403.1301927 K
    ΔT2 = -25.1007003 K

    Using Energy Balance:


    Assuming CρF = CρL1 = CρL2
    To find CρF:

    CρF =
    22
    ( 1 mol NaCl
    ( 22.99+35.45 ) g )
    22
    ( (22.99+
    1 mol NaCl
    35.45 ) g )+78
    ( (18.01528 ) g )
    1 mol H 2O

    XF = 0.0799926694 or 7.99926694 %

    33°C 37°C 57°C


    2.44 % 0.915 0.91633 0.923
    7.99926694 % 0.8288340982
    9.09% 0.81 0.811667 0.82

    OMB:
    F = V1 + V2 + L2
    5.7 kg/s = V1 + V2 + L2
    Component Balance
    5.7 kg/s (22%) = V1 (0) + V2 (0) + L2 (43%)

    CρF = 0.8288340982 (
    cal 1 kcal
    g·c 1000 cal )( 4186.8
    1 kcal )
    J

    kj
    CρF = 3.470162602
    kg·k
    Heat Balance Effect 2:
    F1 = V1 ≠ L1 L1 = V2 + L2 V2 = L1 – V2

    V1λV1 = L1CρL1 (TL2 – TL1) + V2 (V2 + 1.88 (BPR))

    kg kj kj
    (5.7 – L1)(2243.360585 ) = L1 (3.470162602 )(403.1301927 K – 385.3012701 K) +
    s kg kg·K
    kg kj 48
    (L1 – 2.91627907 ¿(2247.519046 + 1.88( ¿
    s kg 1.8
    L1 = 4.23383395 kg/s

    V2 = L1 – L2
    V2 = 4.23383395 + 2.91627907
    V2 = 1.31755488 kg/s
    5.7 kg/s = V1 + V2 + L2
    5.7 kg/s = V1 + 1.31755488 + 2.91627907
    V1 = 1.46616605 kg/s

    kg kg
    1.46616605 −1.31755488
    SE = s s
    5
    SE = 0.556744186

    Without BPR
    TV1 = TL1 TV2 = TL2
    F = V 1 + L1 5.7 – L1 = V1 L1 = V2 + L2 V 2 = L1 - L2
    V2 = L1 – 2.91627907 kg/s

    Heat Balance 2:
    V1λV1 = L1CρL1 (TL2 – TL1) + V2λV2

    kg kj kj
    (5.7 – L1)(2243.360585 ) = L1 (3.470162602 )(376.463526 K – 378.0294924 K) +
    s kg kg·K
    kg kj
    (L1 – 2.91627907 ¿(2247.519046 ¿
    s kg
    L1 = 4.31206849 kg/s

    V2 = L1 – L2
    V2 = 4.31206849 + 2.91627907
    V2 = 1.39578942 kg/s

    5.7 kg/s = V1 + V2 + L2
    5.7 kg/s = V1 + 1.39578942 + 2.91627907
    V1 = 1.38793151 kg/s

    kg kg
    1.38793151 −1.39578942
    SE = s s
    5
    SE = 0.556744186

    ΔT1 = TS – TL1
    ΔT1 = 398.0674429 K – 378.0294924 K
    ΔT1 = 21.0379505 K

    ΔT2 = TV1 – TL2


    ΔT2 = 378.0294924 K – 376.463526 K
    ΔT2 = 1.5659724 K
    SUMMARY OF RESULTS

    With BPR Without BPR

    TS 398.0674429 K 398.0674429 K

    TL1 385.8072701 K 378.0294924 K

    ΔT1 12.2601728 K 20.0379505 K

    TV1 378.0294924 K --

    TL2 403.1301927 K 376.463526 K

    ΔT2 -25.1007003 K 1.5659724 K

    V2 1.31755488 kg/s 1.39578942 kg/s

    V1 1.46616605 kg/s 1.38793151 kg/s

    SE 0.556744 0.556744

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