S9 exam – 2017

HOUSING
Q1) Discuss about urbanization trends and its input on housing
• Trends, the growing diversity of household types and demands, and
the development of residential real estate as a mainstream
investment sector impact the housing market in major cities.
• These factors are contributing, in many cities, to rising house
prices, affordable housing shortages and inflexible housing stock.
• One of the consequences of the growing popularity of cities,
particularly in large, global cities, has been a strong increase in
demand for housing.
• EX:During the financial crisis of the late 2000s, in many cities,
especially in the Netherlands, the housing market came to a
complete standstill.
• The resulting mismatch between supply and demand intensified
due to inflows of people in cities and rapidly changing demands.
When construction resumed, it could not pick up quickly enough to
satisfy the demand for housing. As a result, house prices and the
overall cost of living in many cities have increased quickly.
• The emergence of car ownership started to mobilise urban
populations as travel beyond the cities and towns got easier.
companies moved to suburban office parks and retail concentrated
in car-accessible out of town shopping centres. Continued sprawl in
the 1980s further increased residents’ reliance on cars along with
pollution, congestion and pollution. People living farther from
urban centres spent more time commuting.
Q2)Explain the role of housing in national economy
• Many housing-related activities contribute directly to achieving
broader socioeconomic development goals. Housing investment is a
major driver of economic growth.
• Better data permits more precise estimates in developed countries,
but the same overall effect is true in developing countries. In the
United States, housing directly contributes 14% of gross domestic
product (GDP) and triggers another 6% on average in downstream
expenditures.
• Lending for housing helps develop primary and secondary financial
markets. Worldwide and especially in low-income countries, housing
construction creates job opportunities for migrants to cities.
• Legalization of informal settlements and registration of housing and
other real property helps “unlock” fixed capital for productive
investment and builds local property tax bases.
OTHER FEATURES ARE :
• Significant Contribution to GDP
• Tool for Monetary Policy
• Builder of Wealth
• Multiplier Effect on Local Economy
Q.3 List out some major housing programmes carried out through five
year plans in India.
1) National Urban Housing & Habitat Policy (NUHHP), 2007

• It has been formulated for changing socio-economic parameters

of the urban areas and growing requirement of shelter and
related infrastructure.

• Policy seeks to promote public-private partnerships for realizing

the goal of “Affordable Housing for All” with special emphasis on
the urban poor.
 • Focuses on multiple stake-holders viz the Private Sector, the
Cooperative Sector, the Industrial Sector for labour housing and
the Services/ Institutional Sector for employee housing.
• It include passing of specific acts for realizing the policy
objectives through
- fiscal concessions, financial sector reforms and introduction of
innovative instruments, for mobilizing recourses for housing and
related infrastructure development.
2) Rajiv awas Yojana (2013-2022)
• The RAY programme aims at creating a slum free India. It was
launched in 2011 in two phases. The “preparatory phase” ended
in 2013. The “implementation phase” was sanctioned for action
from 2013 to 2022. The two major objectives of RAY can be
summed up as follows:
• Legal recognition of slums and bringing them into the formal
system.
• Redress the failures of the formal system The RAY comprises of a
series of guidelines that govern the many aspects of the program,
right from the policy measures to be taken to the way in which
these measures must be implemented.
3)Jawaharlal Nehru national urban renewal (2005-2014)
• This was launched in 2005 which aimed at integrated
development of slums through projects for providing shelter,
basic services and other related civic amenities with a view to
providing utilities to the urban poor.
• It has two sub-missions:
 • Basic Services for the Urban Poor (BSUP) seeks to provide seven
entitlements/services - security of tenure, affordable housing,
water, sanitation, health, education and social security in low
income segments in the 65 Mission Cities.
The Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programme (IHSDP)
seeks to provide the above mentioned 7 entitlements, services in
towns/cities other than the Mission Cities.
Q.4) What are the main sources for housing for poor?
• The Low-Income Housing Finance (LIHF) Project responded to the
challenges of rapid urbanization and rural-urban migration in
India. The project aimed to provide access to sustainable housing
finance for low-income households to purchase, build, or upgrade
their dwellings. It addressed the challenge of access to finance for
urban housing emanating from the “informal” nature of low-
income households.
• The project development objective is to provide access to
sustainable housing finance for low-income households to
purchase, build, or upgrade their dwellings.
• Under the LIHF, the National Housing Bank of India extends
refinance for housing loans to qualified primary lending
institutions, such as banks and housing finance companies, for
their sub loans to urban low-income borrowers. The project
applies market principles for lending to help develop housing
finance markets.
• The project has crucially contributed to i) deepening inclusion and
improved affordability of informal sector households; ii)
establishing the sustainability of market finance approaches for
low-income borrowers to access long-term housing finance; and,
 iii) establishing a strong economic case for replication and scaling
up.
5.What are the objectives of national housing and habitat policy in
India.
• Goal of the Policy is Affordable Housing for All with special emphasis
on the urban poor.
• Strategy framework is multiple partnership of States with various
stakeholders, cooperatives, employee welfare housing organisations,
private sector, state parastals
• Special emphasis has been laid on SC/ST/BC/Minorities,
empowerment of women within the ambit of the urban poor with
emphasis on security of tenure.
Major Government Initiatives and Programmes for Affordable Housing
Initiatives by Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation.
• Formulation of National Urban Housing & Habitat Policy 2007.
• Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission.
• Interest Subsidy Scheme for Housing the Urban Poor.
• Affordable Housing in Partnership : Modification in JNNURM
• Setting up of a High Power Task Force on Affordable Housing.
• Launch of the Rajiv Awas Yojana

6.What are the major difference in the housing problems of Urban and
Rural areas of India.
RURAL
• The houses in the rural areas lack protection to the residents
against wind, rain and cold.
• They lack proper arrangement for light and fresh air.
• Rural houses do not have separate arrangement for keeping
animals.
• There is no proper arrangement for basic sanitation and drinking
water.
• The surroundings of rural houses lack requirements for hygiene.
• Rural houses are infested with insects, rodents, etc. which cause
health problems.
• Rural houses involve high recurring costs (maintenance) which the
poor residents cannot afford. Rural houses are incapable of
providing protection against natural calamities like floods,
cyclones, etc.

URBAN
• Rural–urban migration is one of the causes attributed to the
formation and expansion of slums.
• Some rural–urban migrant workers cannot afford housing in cities
and eventually settle down in only affordable slums.
• Rapid urbanization drives economic growth and causes people to
seek working and investment opportunities in urban areas.
However, as evidenced by poor urban infrastructure and
insufficient housing, the local governments sometimes are unable
to manage this transition.
• Lack of affordable low cost housing and poor planning encourages
the supply side of slums.
• Insufficient financial resources [73] and lack of coordination in
government bureaucracy are two main causes of poor house
planning.
• Social exclusion and poor infrastructure forces the poor to adapt
to conditions beyond his or her control. Poor families that cannot
afford transportation, or those
• who simply lack any form of affordable public transportation,
generally end up in squat settlements within walking distance or
close enough to the place of their
• formal or informal employment.
• Many slums grow because of growing informal economy which
creates
• demand for workers.
Q.7) Same answer as Q14 in 2019 qp
Q.8) What is meant by self-help Housing?
These are normally groups of people who can’t afford to buy their
own housing and whose housing needs are such that they will not
be offered a permanent tenancy by the local authority or a
housing association (eg all sorts of single people, couples, young
people, refugees etc).The properties are often “borrowed” on the
basis of a licence or sometimes a lease, for a specified period of
time. On occasion, future plans change and the buildings may
even become available on a permanent basis. • Making Use of
Wasted Buildings: Self-Help Housing utilises empty or redundant
buildings which owners are willing to make available for a limited
period on licence or lease, often at minimal cost. . • A Source Of
Housing or Community Facilities: Self-Help Housing is a source of
economical and affordable housing, or community facilities, for
people who might otherwise be homeless or have to share
accommodation. • Improving Neighbourhoods: By reducing the
number of empty and void buildings in a neighbourhood Self-Help
Housing contributes to raising the overall quality of a
 neighbourhood • Engaging And Empowering People: Self-Help
Housing enables people, to take responsibility for securing their
own housing or developing their own community facilities. It turns
people into active citizens. • Supporting Social Enterprise: In
addition to providing affordable housing and community facilities,
self-help projects can sometimes generate cheap work space for
start-up businesses and social enterprises • Learning New Skills:
Self Help Housing provides people with an opportunity to learn
practical “on the job” building skills and also how to run an
organisation, how to secure funding and how to negotiate with
owners, local government officials and other agencies.
Q.9) Explain how settlement pattern of Kerala responds to local climate
and context The variation in the topography features determine the
three longitudinal stretches of land from the coast of the ghats. The
settlement pattern of kerala is of a scattered nature compromising of
isolated homesteads and is quite unique from the situations and
patterns in other parts of India. Here the unit of settlement is a
homestead. The whole landscape is spotted with homesteads, the
towns merging into the rural areas and the rural areas moving into the
towns. The settlements are access oriented rather than area oriented.
An area wise classification of the settlements depicts the settements in
character as either rural or urban . The urban influence have
penetrated into the rural areas through the rural urban knots. Kerala
has a warm humid climate. The rainfall is very heavy from south west
and north east monsoons . To keep the rain and sun away form the
walls the roofs of the building come down very low. They have
verandah all round the building protecting the external walls from sun
and rain. The width of the verandah varies from 2 ft to 12ft In rooms
were people spend most of their time during day the window openings
were brought in at ground level otherwise the windows were small so
that there was only subdued light inside or had timber jalis to give
diffused light without glare. They also have an internal courtyard for
better flow of air. The ridged roof pitched at angles between 30degree
to 40degree The roof with intricately carved gables protruding from the
roof with overhangs supported by wooden brackets. The roof is
prefabricated that is different members are fixed on the ground and
assembled at the top. No nails are used. The roof is kept in position by
interlocking with the hole in the rafters. Walls made of timber or earth
and roof of coconut leaves or tiles are common in many parts of Kerala
Structurally the roof frame was supported on the pillars on walls
erected on a plinth raised from the ground for protection against
dampness and insects in the tropical climate.
10.What is a slum? What are its causes and consequences? What is its
impact on Urban Housing Scenario in India?

A slum is a heavily populated urban informal settlement characterized

by substandard housing and squalor. Slum is an predominantly an
overcrowded area where dwelling are is unfit for human habitation.
Slums represent one of the main types of housing in many growing
urban cities from Kibera in Nairobi, to New Delhi and Manila. The
effects of poverty related to the growth of slums span everything from
poor health to education.
As informal (and often illegal) housing, slums are often defined by:
⚫ Unsafe and/or unhealthy homes (e.g. lack of windows, dirt floor,
leaky walls and roofs)
⚫ Overcrowded homes
⚫ Limited or no access to basic services: water, toilets, electricity,
transportation
⚫ Unstable homes: weak structures are often blown away or
destroyed during storms and earthquakes
⚫ No secure land tenure (i.e. the land rights to live there).
Today, the current population growth is outpacing the rate at which
cities can respond to the need for housing. This is the very condition
under which slums thrive and grow out of control.As the world
urbanizes, many low-income families are often evicted by force and
pushed to the edge of cities to unplanned and poorly serviced areas.As
climate change is starting to affect everyone, and poorer tropical
countries first, many families living in slums have to cope with an
increasing number of typhoons and thus are forced to rebuild their
homes every year – sometimes several times a year.Many governments
refuse to see slums as such or to recognize their existence, since
technically those families’ homes aren’t registered on any documents.

CAUSES THAT CREATE SLUM

1. URBANIZATION:
• The formation of slums is closely linked to urbanization.
• Urbanization might also force some people to live in slums when it
influences land use by transforming agricultural land into urban areas
and increases land value.
• The transformation of agricultural land also provides surplus labor, as
peasants have to seek jobs in urban areas as rural-urban migrant
workers.

2. POOR HOUSING PLANNING

• Lack of affordable low cost housing and poor planning encourages the
supply side of slums. • Insufficient financial resources and lack of
coordination in government bureaucracy are two main causes of poor
housing planning.

3. POOR INFRASTRUCTURE AND ECONOMIC STAGNATION:

• Poor infrastructure forces the poor to adapt to conditions beyond his
or her control. Poor families that cannot afford transportation, or those
who simply lack any form of affordable public transportation, generally
end up in squat settlements within walking distance or close enough to
the place of their formal or informal employment.
• A growing economy that creates jobs at rate faster than population
growth, offers people opportunities and incentive to relocate from
poor slum to more developed neighborhoods. Economic stagnation, in
contrast, creates uncertainties and risks for the poor, encouraging
people to stay in the slums.

4. POVERTY:
5. • Urban poverty encourages the formation and demand for slums.
With rapid shift from rural to urban life, poverty migrates to urban
areas. The urban poor arrives with hope, and very little of anything
else. They typically have no access to shelter, basic urban services and
social amenities. Slums are often the only option for the urban poor.

6. SOCIAL CONFLICTS AND NATURAL DISASTERS:

• Slums are formed as the result of social conflicts or wars as well as
well as natural disasters in poor nations.
• People escape their houses to temporary tent cities and slums which
eventually tend to become permanent because the residents do not
want to leave because their houses are damaged and they cannot
afford to rebuild them.

Urban Housing Schemes of India

The major housing schemes that have been implemented in India
following Independence.
1. Housing program’s in the First and the Second Five-Year Plans (1951-
1961)
⚫ Subsidized Housing Scheme for Industrial Workers and the
Economically Weaker Sections. - it involved disbursements of
loans to industrial employers or cooperative societies of
industrial workers to cover a sizeable proportion (75 or 90
percent, respectively, with a 25 percent subsidy component) of
the project costs of housing to be provided on a rental basis for a
completed or an open development plot.
⚫ The Low Income Housing Scheme of 1954. - It provided loans of
up to 80 percent of the construction cost of a dwelling unit
(subject to a cap of INR 8,000) to individuals whose incomes did
not exceed INR 6,000 per annum.
⚫ The Slum Clearance and Improvement programme of 1956. - was
designed to clear and rehabilitate slum dwellers into government
created housing stock at nominal rents.

These program’s did not result in significant benefits for their

beneficiaries, many of whom ended up abandoning the houses as they
were either unaffordable or unacceptable. This was especially true of
the Slum Clearance and Improvement scheme, whose locations were
often far from the city centre and places of employment and livelihoods
of the beneficiaries. These schemes also failed because of the absence
of community participation in their design, accentuating the
powerlessness of the slum dwellers. This is evident in the fact that the
resettlement solutions were completely unacceptable to many of the
beneficiaries.[15] These early programs, while purporting to resolve
housing poverty, ignored unemployment and income poverty; it was a
recipe for failure.

2. Housing programs in the 1970s and ‘80s

⚫ The Environmental Improvement of Urban Slums (EIUS). - The
programme was launched in 1972,scheme focused on slum
upgrade through the provision of services such as paving of
streets, water supply, sewerage, and toilet facilities.
⚫ The Urban Basic Services (UBS) Scheme. - Launched in 1986, The
scheme placed particular emphasis on women and children in
urban slums.

Similar to the earlier period of housing schemes, there was a lack of

community participation in formulating the programs and
measures.Even as the housing finance market was expanded as a result
of the establishment of Housing and Urban Development Corporation
(HUDCO), Housing Development Finance Corporation (HDFC) and
National Housing Bank (NHB), they brought financial inclusion mostly
for the middle and higher income groups, and not for the poor.
3. Housing schemes in the 1990s
⚫ The Urban Basic Services for the Poor (UBSP). - This scheme was an
enlarged version of the UBS
⚫ The Nehru Rozgar Yojana (NRY). - This was an employment
programme
⚫ The National Slum Development Programme (NSDP) - To financially
consolidate an integrated approach to tackle the multiple
dimensions of poverty, this programme was launched in 1997
⚫ The Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) -
Launched in December 2005, the JNNURM aimed at a reform-
driven, planned developmental transformation of India’s urban
areas.
⚫ Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY).2011 - The motivation underlying the
programme acknowledges the failure of the market and the
government to secure the rights of the urban poor to a decent and
dignified life. Its material objective is to provide affordable housing
with basic municipal services.

Slum dwellers value their social networks to the extent that they prefer
remaining in slums over newly constructed homes. Such social
networks are a source of informal credit and insurance that support the
slum dwellers during financial difficulties.

Overall, both the JNNURM and RAY schemes have failed to alleviate
housing poverty. Instead, the programmes have tended to disrupt their
means of employment and social networks to compel them to
accommodate poor housing standards.
Q11) Discuss about the role of major House Finance Agencies at
National level and State level.
-Formal Housing Finance Sectors
NHB-National Housing Bank
Mission
To harness and promote the market potentials to serve the housing
needs of all segments of the population with the focus on low and
moderate income housing.
Vision
Promoting inclusive expansion with stability in housing finance market.
Objectives
• To promote a sound, healthy, viable and cost effective housing
finance system to cater all segments of the population and to
integrate the housing finance system with the overall financial
system.
• To promote a network of dedicated housing finance institutions to
adequately serve various regions and different income groups.
• To make housing credit more affordable.

Functions
• Came up with guidelines for recognizing HFCs for its financial
assistance,
• NHB also inspects the HFCs through onsite and offsite
surveillance.
• The Bank set up an online Grievance Registration and Information
Database System (GRIDS) to look into the grievances of customers
against HFCs.
HDFC
➢ The only private sector agency with country wide operations
and operational innovations in the provisions of housing
finance.
➢ The HDFC was promoted in 1977 by Industrial Credit and
Investment Corporation of India (ICICI), International Finance
Corporation (IFC)
Objectives
• The Corporation was established with the prime objectives of
enhancing the residential housing stock in the country through
the provision of housing finance, and to promote house
ownership.
• It also attempted to increase the flow of resources to the housing
sector through integration of housing finance sector with overall
domestic capital markets.
➢ The HDFC raises funds from a variety of sources including long
term loans from financial institutions and banks, and from
domestic and international bonds and deposits.
➢ Mobilizes resources by introducing attractive deposit schemes
linked to assurance of housing loans or allotment of flats to
such depositors.
➢ Provide finance for low-income groups on reasonable terms,
the Corporation created a Building Fund - by transferring every
year 10 per cent of its profit after tax.
➢ Extends loans to individuals for buying or constructing a home.
 ➢ Home extension loans , Land purchase loans to acquire land
-Informal Housing Finance Sectors
MFI- Micro Finance Institutions
• Microfinance institutions (MFIs) are financial companies that
provide small loans to people who do not have any access to
banking facilities.
• includes the provision of financial services such as credit, savings,
and insurance to low income individuals.
• It is a tool for empowerment of the poorest.
• Essentially for promoting self- employment
• Delivery is normally through Self Help Groups (SHGs).
• It is not just a financing system, but a tool for social change -
empowerment of women.
• Act as very important tool to provide the rural entrepreneurs with
micro-loans, which will help them to start their own businesses
and sustain them.
• MFIs can solely focus on providing the financial service to the
poor since the very objective of starting this kind of institution is
to provide financial services in the rural areas.
SHG – Self help group
A self help group is a voluntary group formed to attain common goals,
most of its members have social identity, heritage, caste or traditional
occupations and come together for common cause and manage
resources for the benefits of the group members.
Constituted of 10 to 20 Members
Preferably Members should be from Homogenous Background
Small and economically homogenous affinity groups of rural poor, they
are voluntarily coming together for achieving the following:
• To save small amount of money regularly.
• To mutually agree to contribute a common fund.
• To meet their emergency needs.
• To have collective decision making.
• To solve conflicts through collective leadership mutual discussion.
 PART C
12) Discuss in detail about National Housing and Habitat Policy of
India, its objectives and its role in the field of housing?
National Housing Policy
Habitat Policy
13) Describe in detail about the various housing schemes in India
which catering to the lower income group?

I. Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY)

• The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) scheme was launched by the
Government of India to boost the affordability of houses
• The scheme aims to achieve its objective of “Housing for All” by 31 March 2022
by constructing 20 million houses across the nation.
There were two types of schemes provided
1. PRADHAN MANTRI AWAS YOJANA GRAMIN (PMAY –G)- FOCCUSED ON RURAL
AREA.
2. PRADHAN MANTRI AWAS YOJANA URBAN (PMAY-U) –FOCCUSED ON URBAN
AREA.
The preferential and key beneficiaries under PMAY are;
• Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes
• Economically Weaker Section (EWS) of the society
• PMAY is applicable to borrowers belonging to the:

✓ Economically Weaker Section (EWS - with a maximum annual family income of

Rs. 3 lakh)

✓ Low Income Group - (LIG - with annual family income btw

✓ 3 lakh-6lakh) and

✓ Middle Income Groups (MIG - I & II - with annual family income btw Rs 6
lakh18lakh) Provisions have also been made for widows, transgender, senior
members and differently able individuals.
SOLVING THE PROBLEMS:
PMAY HOUSE INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES
• Initiated Slum redevelopment projects and Affordable Housing projects in
partnership .
• focused on having basic civic infrastructure like water, sanitation, sewerage,
road, electricity etc.
• All houses built or expanded under the Mission should essentially have toilet
facility.
• The houses under the mission should be designed and constructed to meet the
requirements of structural safety against earthquake, flood, cyclone, landslides
etc.
• Conforming to the National Building Code (PMAY- HFA Guidelines, MoHUPA,
2016).
PROJECT CASE STUDY –AMRAVATI,MAHARASTRA
OBJECTIVE:
• To give mass support for the construction of houses upto 30 square meter
carpet area with basic civic infrastructure
• EWS beneficiaries having their own land and these newly constructed house
• Registered preferably in the name of the female head of the family as per the
guidelines.
• EWS households -annual income of up to Rs.3,00,000.
• Empower the EWS of the community to fulfil the objective of Housing for all by
2022. Quality Monitoring and Assurance Plan
• Beneficiary whose house is under construction will have to do the testing of
material from the laboratory available with Municipal Corporation, Amravati.
• Nominal charges shall be recovered from the beneficiary against testing of
material to run and maintain the laboratory.
2. Indira Awaas Yojana
In 1985 under the leadership on Rajiv Gandhi Introduced the scheme.
• It fall under a larger scheme Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme.
• Under the Ministry of Rural Development where the primary objective was to
provide housing for the roofless.
• Targeting the free bonded labourers under the below poverty line (BPL) and the
population falling in the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
• The year 1996 saw the Indira Awas Yojana become and independent scheme
that fell under the Ministry of Rural Development.
• Though the central idea of the scheme was to provide housing for all, it also
aimed at eradication of rural poverty along with general living standards of the
rural population by providing them with various development programs.
KEY FEATURES
• In terms of the construction of the house, it is to be strictly observed under this
scheme that there is to be no contractors involved in the construction of these
houses.
• The Indira Awas Yojana has its own provisions for the release of funds for the
construction of houses.
• The initial installment is given with the sanction order of the project.
• The second installment is released to the beneficiary after the completion of the
level of the lintel.
• The third installment is given to the beneficiary if he/she has started residing in
that built house with a functioning latrine.
• This final installment would amount to 15% of the total allocated cost of the
house.
• The construction of the house also comes with a prescribed time limit. The first
stage construction till the lintel level is to be accomplished nine months from the
date of receiving the first installment.
• The second stage construction that corresponds to the overall completion of
the structure should be accomplished nine months from the date of receiving the
second installment.
Target Group for eligibility
• poor in rural societies.
• ones identified as Below Poverty Line (BPL) by the Gram Sabha of that
respective locality.
• It is also open to people with disabilities and handicaps,, ex-service persons, the
individuals falling in the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe categories, free
bonded labourers, the widows and the next-of-kin to defense personnel and/or
paramilitary personnel killed in action and individuals from the marginalized
sections of the society among the others.
APPROPRIATE BUILDING TECHNOOGIES
• Good construction practices in such housing would include:
• Half Brick Wall
• Rat-trap Bond
• Jali Wall
• Filler Slabs
• Arches
• Frameless Doors And Windows
• Rubble Masonry
• Bamboo Construction
• Mud Construction
• Built-in Furniture
CASESTUDY
• Vadeli is a Village in Borsad Taluk in Anand District of Gujarat State. Vadeli is 9.1
km from its Taluka Main Town Borsad and 23.6 km away from its District Main
City i.e. Anand . Vadali is about 97 km away from its State Capital i.e. Gandhinagar
.
• Sanctioned Amount : Rs. 45,000/-
• Estimated Expense : Rs. 1,75,000/-
• Plot Area : 319 sq ft

3.Haryana Housing Board Housing Scheme

The Haryana Urban Development Authority (HUDA), which is known as Haryana
Shahari Vikas Pradhikaran (HSVP) scheme, is a new housing scheme by the
Haryana Housing Board. This scheme offers freehold residential and commercial
plots for construction and allotment in the state, primarily for the socially and
economically weaker sections of the society.
You will have to participate in a lottery as per the terms and deadlines to get the
benefits of the housing scheme. You need to pay a participation fee and your
family income should be up to INR 3 lakh. If you win the draw, you will get access
to a freehold plot.

4.Kerala Housing Board Housing Scheme

Kerala State Housing Board was founded in 1971. The board implemented various
housing construction schemes and home loan schemes to meet the residential
needs of the economically weaker section. Some of the notable housing schemes
that the board has undertaken are.

M.N. Laksham Veedu Punarnirmana Padhathi

Under the scheme, you can do a reconstruction of the dilapidated twin houses
into single units and reconstruction of single houses. The government also

provides a subsidy amount on your home reconstruction. Kerala State Housing

Board finances 50% of the subsidy amount while the balance amount is met by
the Local Self Government Departments.

5. Suraksha Housing Scheme

People coming from the Economically Weaker Section (EWS) in both urban and
rural areas can get financial assistance to construct a house by themselves. They
need to have at least 2 cents of land. The scheme has an option to associate
voluntary agencies and NGOs to assist people in the construction. The
government provides a capital subsidy of INR 9,000 per house, the beneficiary will
need to make a voluntary contribution of INR 2,000 and there will be a
construction loan worth INR 19,000 for a building costing INR 30,000. In case if
the voluntary organizations are associated with the scheme, they will provide the
entire loan amount or build the structure up to the roof level.
6.Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awas Yojana
Under this government housing scheme, individuals or families earning up to Rs.6
lakh per year are eligible to claim benefits, such as allotment of a housing unit.
Such units should feature space of at least 25 square metres. Additionally,
beneficiaries would receive financial assistance of Rs.1.2 lakh if they reside in
plain areas and Rs.1.3 lakh if they reside in hilly regions.
7. Rajiv Awas Yojana Rajiv Awas Yojana
looks to eliminate slums by offering legalised alternatives to slum-dwellers.
Launched in 2009, this particular government housing scheme also ensures the
provision of basic civic amenities and infrastructure in existing slums, thereby
improving the quality of life for these residents.
Objectives
• Improving and provisioning of housing, basic civic infrastructure and social
amenities in intervened slums.
• Enabling reforms to address some of the causes leading to creation of slums.
• Facilitating a supportive environment for expanding institutional credit linkages
for the urban poor.
• Institutionalizing mechanisms for prevention of slums including creation of
affordable housing stock.
• Strengthening institutional and human resource capacities at the Municipal, City
and State levels through comprehensive capacity building and strengthening of
resource networks.
• Empowering community by ensuring their participation at every stage of
decision making through strengthening and nurturing Slum Dwellers’
Association/Federations.

Q14. What is meant by Housing Finance? What are the main sources of Housing
Finance in India for Urban and Rural poor.

Refer Q11