HIMALAYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

AFFILIATED TO TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY

CHYASAL, LALITPUR

REPORT ON THESIS PROPOSAL

“AYURVEDIC HEALING VILLAGE”

PREPARED BY: ALISHA PRADHAN SUBMITTED TO: DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

(073/ B. ARCH/ O1) THESIS SUPERVISOR: AR. BABINA PRADHAN
SUBMISSION DATE: 2078/ 07/ 29

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all those who provided me the possibility to
complete this report. A special gratitude I give to my Thesis Supervisor teacher, Ar. Babina
Pradhan, whose contribution in stimulating suggestions and encouragement, helped me to
coordinate my project.

I could not have achieved my current level of success without a strong support group. First of all,
my parents, who supported me with love and understanding. And secondly, my friends and
teachers, each from whom has provided patient advice and guidance throughout the research
process. Thank you all for your unwavering support.

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ABSTRACT
Healing spaces evoke a sense of cohesion of the mind, body, and spirit. The Ayurvedic healing
village is the merge of the wellness, therapy and vacation which helps in balancing the mind, body
and soul. While healthcare has primarily focused on fixing the body, there is a growing recognition
that our healthcare system could do more by promoting overall wellness, and this requires
expanding the focus to healing. The report explores about the impact of various spaces which
helps in creating an ayurvedic healing village which will be an escape from the daily hustle and
bustle of the city life. The environmental factors which helps in creating a healing environment in
an ayurvedic village are discussed or organized into groups of variables i.e. with homelike
environment, access to views and nature, light, noise control, materials and barrier-free
environment, etc.
The human body has ability to “self-heal” when put in healthy and positive environment.
Environment holds to stimulate the senses. This helps minimize the negative effects of stress on
the body, guiding a positive psychological response. So, proper study of the spaces required for
different zones i.e. for treatment area, yoga and meditation area etc. are studied and also the
psychology of architecture i.e. the interaction of man with its environment are studied for proper
understanding of the relation between man with his environment for fast recovery of his mind,
soul and body which was missing in today’s modern life. Various case studies are studied where
the impact of the naturally lit and ventilated space is one of the essential features for the fast
recovery and for comfortable environment. The case studies helped in giving a view of having a
retreat center which helps in mind body healing process with its materials used, building
techniques used, elements like water, plants used etc.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 10
1.1 AYURVEDIC HEALING VILLAGE .............................................................................................. 10
1.2 RATIONALE OF THE PROJECT:............................................................................................... 10
1.3 GOAL/ AIM: .................................................................................................................................... 10
1.4 OBJECTIVES: ................................................................................................................................ 10
1.5 SCOPE/ LIMITATION: .................................................................................................................. 11
1.6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS: .......................................................................................................... 11
1.7 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: .................................................................................................... 11
1.8 METHODOLOGY: ......................................................................................................................... 11
1.7 WHAT WILL WE DEFINE GOOD ARCHITECTURE AS: ........................................................ 11
2. LITERATURE REVIEW: ..................................................................................................................... 13
2.1 HISTORY OF AYURVEDA: ......................................................................................................... 13
2.2 AYURVEDA AND DOSHAS: ....................................................................................................... 13
2.3 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF AYURVEDA: ...................................................................................... 14
2.4 AYURVEDIC APPROACH ........................................................................................................... 14
2.4.1 PREVENTIVE MEDICINE:.................................................................................................... 14
2.4.2. CURATIVE MEDICINE:........................................................................................................ 14
2.5 MODE OF TREATMENT IN AYURVEDA: ................................................................................ 15
3. PANCHAKARMA THERAPY ............................................................................................................. 17
3.1 BENEFITS OF THE THERAPY:.................................................................................................. 17
3.2 PROCESSES INVOLVED IN CLEANSING: ............................................................................. 17
3.3 AYURVEDIC INSTRUMENTS:.................................................................................................... 18
3.4 AYURVEDA STANDARDS: ......................................................................................................... 19
3.4.1. FACILITIES ............................................................................................................................ 19
3.4.2. EQUIPMENT:......................................................................................................................... 19
3.4.3. BUILDING: ............................................................................................................................. 19
4. YOGA AND MEDITATION ................................................................................................................. 20
4.1 YOGA: ............................................................................................................................................. 20
4.1.1 BENEFITS OF YOGA: ........................................................................................................... 20
4.2 MEDITATION ................................................................................................................................. 20
4.3 TYPES OF MEDITATION ............................................................................................................ 21
4.4 HISTORY OF YOGA AND MEDITATION: ................................................................................ 21

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 4.4.1 YOGA AND MEDITATION SPACES: ................................................................................. 21
4.4.2 MAIN ROOM: .......................................................................................................................... 22
4.4.3.................................................................................................................................................... 22
4.4.4 FACTORS AFFECTING MEDITATION AND YOGA SPACES:...................................... 22
5. LITERATURE REVIEW: ..................................................................................................................... 24
5.1 BRAIN PHARMACEUTICALS ..................................................................................................... 24
5.1.1. TRADITIONAL DRUGS VS. “BRAIN PHARMACEUTICALS”: ...................................... 25
5.2 ROLE OF ARCHITECTURE IN THE HEALING PROCESS: ................................................. 26
5.2.1 OPEN SPACES ...................................................................................................................... 26
5.2.2 ROLE OF LIGHT IN TREATMENT:............................................................................... 26
5.2.3 ROLE OF OPENINGS ..................................................................................................... 27
5.2.4 COLOR .............................................................................................................................. 27
5.2.5 MATERIALS ...................................................................................................................... 28
5.2.6 ACOUSTICS ..................................................................................................................... 28
5.3 THE HEALING POWER OF DIFFERENT ELEMENTS WHICH HELPS TO HEAL (VEDIC
APPROACHES): .................................................................................................................................. 29
5.3.1 ARCHITECTURE & BUILDING FORM: .............................................................................. 29
5.3.2 THE HEALING POWER OF WATER: ................................................................................ 30
5.3.3 THE HEALING POWER OF GARDENS ...................................................................... 32
5.3.4 INTERIOR DESIGN & ENERGY FLOW ............................................................................. 34
5.4 ELEMENTS USED FOR HEALING IN HEALTHCARE FACILITIES ............................... 36
5.4.1 VERTICAL GARDENS .......................................................................................................... 36
5.4.2 WILE WALL ............................................................................................................................. 37
5.2.4 SENSORY PATHWAY: ......................................................................................................... 39
5.2.5 HEALING PAVILION.............................................................................................................. 39
6. MEDICINAL PLANTS:......................................................................................................................... 40
7. CASE STUDIES:.................................................................................................................................. 41
7.1 SWASWARA: ................................................................................................................................. 42
7.1.1 FACILITIES PROVIDED IN SWASWARA: ............................................................................ 42
7.2. SHREYAS RETREAT CENTER ................................................................................................ 44
7.2.1 CONCEPT OF THE RETREAT............................................................................................ 44
7.2.2MATERIALS USED: ................................................................................................................ 45
7.3. KAIRALI - AYURVEDIC VILLAGE: ............................................................................................ 46

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 7.3.1. ACCOMMODATION CATEGORIES AT THE RETREAT ............................................... 46
7.3.2. SPECIALITIES OF KAIRALI - THE AYURVEDIC HEALING VILLAGE, PALAKKAD 47
7.4. GENTLE TOUCH HEALING CENTRE: .................................................................................... 48
7.4.1 CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CENTER ....................................................... 48
7.4.2 LANDSCAPE .......................................................................................................................... 49
7.4.3 USE OF PYRAMID SHAPE .................................................................................................. 49
7.4.4 MATERIALS USED: ............................................................................................................... 49
7.5. MOKSHA AYURVEDA AND PANCHAKARMA CENTER ..................................................... 50
7.5.1 MATERIALS USED: ............................................................................................................... 51
8. FINDINGS: ............................................................................................................................................ 52
9. CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................................................... 54
10. GREEN BUILDING DESIGN: .......................................................................................................... 55
10.1 INTRODUCTION: ........................................................................................................................ 55
10.2 OBJECTIVES OF GREEN BUILDING: .................................................................................... 55
10.3. PRINCIPLE OF GREEN BUILDING: ...................................................................................... 55
10.4 CONCEPT OF GREEN BUILDING: ......................................................................................... 56
10.5 STRATEGIES OF GREEN BUILDING: ................................................................................... 57

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Design theory for reducing aggression by Ulrich (2012)................................................................ 12
Figure 2 Dosha in Ayurveda ........................................................................................................................ 13
Figure 3 Proper Social Behavior .................................................................................................................. 14
Figure 4 Exercise ......................................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 5 Proper Diet .................................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 6 Salya Chikitsav ............................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 7 Daivya Chikitsa .............................................................................................................................. 14
Figure 8 Herbal Treatments ........................................................................................................................ 14
Figure 9 Oil Treatments .............................................................................................................................. 14
Figure 10 Abhayanga................................................................................................................................... 15
Figure 11 Shirodhara ................................................................................................................................... 15
Figure 12 Netra Vasthi ................................................................................................................................ 16
Figure 13 Pinda Sveda ................................................................................................................................. 16
Figure 14 Herbal Bath ................................................................................................................................. 16
Figure 15 Ayurvedic Head Treatments ....................................................................................................... 16
Figure 16 Ayurvedic Face Masks ................................................................................................................. 16
Figure 17 Panchakarma Treatment............................................................................................................. 17
Figure 18 Shirodhara Pot ............................................................................................................................ 18
Figure 19 Massage Droni (Dhara pathy - Shirodhara type) ........................................................................ 18
Figure 20 Sitting steam chamber ................................................................................................................ 18
Figure 21 Shirodhara Wooden Stand .......................................................................................................... 18
Figure 22 Lying steam chamber - wooden .................................................................................................. 18
Figure 23 Layout of Treatment room .......................................................................................................... 19
Figure 24 Flow chart of Ayurveda Space..................................................................................................... 19
Figure 25 Yoga Space .................................................................................................................................. 20
Figure 26 Meditation Space ........................................................................................................................ 20
Figure 27 Ways of sitting in meditation and Yoga ...................................................................................... 21
Figure 28 Meditation seeing the views in morning and evening time ....................................................... 21
Figure 29 Chess play area and interactive area .......................................................................................... 21
Figure 30 Bhajan in morning and evening time .......................................................................................... 21
Figure 31 Flexible space .............................................................................................................................. 21
Figure 32 Flow chart of Yoga and Meditation space .................................................................................. 22
Figure 33 trees as barrier for noise ............................................................................................................. 22
Figure 34 Cross ventilation ......................................................................................................................... 23
Figure 35 Natural Lighting ........................................................................................................................... 23
Figure 36: Brain Pharmaceuticals ................................................................................................................ 24
Figure 37: Effect of open Space ................................................................................................................... 26
Figure 38: Role of light ................................................................................................................................ 26
Figure 39: Effect of view on health outcomes ............................................................................................. 27
Figure 40: Each color in line with our seven Chakras .................................................................................. 27
Figure 41: improved acoustics improves health .......................................................................................... 28
Figure 42: Slow recovery and increased levels of stress due to noise ......................................................... 28
Figure 43: Healing Structure/ Building Form harmony with its surroundings. ............................................ 29

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Figure 44: Healing power of Water ............................................................................................................. 30
Figure 45: Humans and nature are intimately connected ........................................................................... 32
Figure 46: Activities in Garden Space .......................................................................................................... 32
Figure 47: Interactive Garden Space ........................................................................................................... 33
Figure 48: Interesting exteriors ................................................................................................................... 33
Figure 49: Garden Dimension ...................................................................................................................... 34
Figure 50: Curved Space for healing ............................................................................................................ 34
Figure 51: Vertical Garden........................................................................................................................... 36
Figure 52: Components of Vertical Garden ................................................................................................. 36
Figure 53: wile wall ...................................................................................................................................... 37
Figure 54 Labyrinth..................................................................................................................................... 38
Figure 55 7-Circuit Classical Labyrinth ........................................................................................................ 38
Figure 56 Sensory Pathways ....................................................................................................................... 39
Figure 57 Healing Pavilion .......................................................................................................................... 39
Figure 58 Some Medicinal plants which can be used in Wile wall and Vertical garden.............................. 41
Figure 59 Swaswara Master Plan ................................................................................................................ 42
Figure 60 Swaswara .................................................................................................................................... 42
Figure 61 Bubble Diagram........................................................................................................................... 42
Figure 62 Paper reused to make ornaments .............................................................................................. 42
Figure 63 Coconut shells used as skirting around the tree ........................................................................ 42
Figure 64 Rainwater harvesting Lake .......................................................................................................... 43
Figure 65 Wastewater used in gardening ................................................................................................... 43
Figure 66 Cross ventilation Section............................................................................................................. 43
Figure 67 Natural lighting and ventilation .................................................................................................. 43
Figure 68 Use of Laterite and thatched roof............................................................................................... 43
Figure 69 Use of red oxide in wall and pillar............................................................................................... 43
Figure 70 Shreyas Retreat Center ............................................................................................................... 44
Figure 71 Concept 1 .................................................................................................................................... 44
Figure 72 Concept 2 .................................................................................................................................... 44
Figure 73 Play of light and shadow ............................................................................................................. 44
Figure 74 Window to gain light ................................................................................................................... 45
Figure 75 Natural Lighting ........................................................................................................................... 45
Figure 76 Building materials ....................................................................................................................... 45
Figure 77 Use of courtyard to bring exterior in interior space ................................................................... 45
Figure 78 Section Kairali.............................................................................................................................. 46
Figure 79 Bubble Diagram........................................................................................................................... 46
Figure 80 Deluxe Villa.................................................................................................................................. 46
Figure 81 Classic Villa .................................................................................................................................. 47
Figure 82 Royal Villa .................................................................................................................................... 47
Figure 83 Maharaja Villa ............................................................................................................................. 47
Figure 84 Gentle touch healing center ....................................................................................................... 48
Figure 85 concept........................................................................................................................................ 48
Figure 86 Hierachy of spaces ...................................................................................................................... 49
Figure 87 Exterior space.............................................................................................................................. 49

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Figure 88 Use of pyramid shape ................................................................................................................. 49
Figure 89 Moksha Ayurveda and Panchakarma center .............................................................................. 50
Figure 90 Bubble Diagram of moksha Center ............................................................................................. 50
Figure 91 Green Building............................................................................................................................. 55
Figure 92 Concept of Green Building .......................................................................................................... 56
Figure 93 Rain water harvesting ................................................................................................................. 57
Figure 94 Grey water Recycling .................................................................................................................. 57
Figure 95 Photovoltaic Panels ..................................................................................................................... 57
Figure 96 Thatched roof.............................................................................................................................. 58
Figure 97 Bamboo ....................................................................................................................................... 58
Figure 98 Rammed earth ............................................................................................................................ 58
Figure 100 Cross ventilation ....................................................................................................................... 58
Figure 99 Adequate use of Natural Lighting ............................................................................................... 58

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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 AYURVEDIC HEALING VILLAGE

“Ayurvedic Healing village” is a small community of healers offering a range of modalities to

help restore, focus and rejuvenate our body, mind and soul through Ayurveda. The purpose is to
show you the path to connect to our highest self and transform on a physical, emotional, and
spiritual level. The treatments help you cleanse and rejuvenate on a physical level and experience
an ayurvedic way of life to reach our breakthrough. It is a project to help people realize that health
is a necessary choice which needs a conscious effort to achieve and maintain. The healing village
is a tradition and diving healing with the use of Ayurveda. It is the merging of therapy, wellness
and vacation.
1.2 RATIONALE OF THE PROJECT:
With the change in time, there is change in the working, living, eating and thinking process in
people. People are so busy with their life that they forget the most important thing in their life i.e.
their health. In a vicious circle, the exhausting fast pace of life promotes overstimulation and
overscheduling, which become chronic stressors that lead to physical and mental disorders which
lead people to live their life with some sort of antibiotics. For making a fast-paced life come to a
standstill, Ayurveda, has to offer the knowledge of the sages, the riches of the centuries and
finding new relevance with various methods including literature, records and unique places for
rejuvenation. Among all, Ayurveda, is step apart for maintaining an equilibrium of body, mind and
soul.
Traditional herbal medicine has been used since ancient time in many parts of the world where
access to formal and modern healthcare is limited. Nepal is not exempt and in mid-hills,
mountainous and rural areas of the country where access and services are limited, herbal
medicine is the basis of treatment of most illness through traditional knowledge.
Ayurveda is one of the oldest forms of Indian medicine. The field of Ayurveda ust doesn’t include
a medical system but it is well known for curing of many anamotical disorders and for its stress
relieving massages. It not just breing a field of medicine also represents the culture of Nepal. In
the modern world where massage centers and spas have become a part of lifestyle. A well
sophisticated Ayurvedic space would attract a lot of medical tourist as well as people from all
walks of life who would love to relieve their stress in their holidays.
Benefits of herbs to Nepalese people:
• Health: Anyone can learn, use and can get benefit from it.
• Economy: Cultivation, conservation, manufacture and promotion of Nepalese medicinal
herbs.
1.3 GOAL/ AIM:
1) To provide a space where people can escape from the daily hustle and bustle of life and
treat physical and mental problems.
1.4 OBJECTIVES:
Amongst other things, this research shall seek to achieve the following:
1) To provide different residential zone, treatment zone and recreation zone.
2) To create spaces which can treat both physical as well as mental/ psychological problems.
3) To provide proper colors, materials, lighting, ventilation, etc. in the buildings.

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 4) To create flexible and adaptable space for different user groups.
5) To provide spaces for interaction.
1.5 SCOPE/ LIMITATION:
The main scope of the Ayurvedic village is that it will help in providing a better space for
rejuvenating all body, mind and soul. The project will have programmes like Panchakarma
treatment process, stress management, weight management, old age care, lifestyle disease
management, skin care and yoga and meditation.
The project will not include mentally unstable for working purpose and this ayurvedic village will
not look into Shalya Kriya i.e. surgery and will only treat people by rational, divine and
psychological healing.
1.6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS:
1) How space planning aid in creating better physical and mental wellbeing of people?
2) What can be the design measures which helps in proper functioning of the Ayurvedic
village’s buildings?
1.7 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT:
1) Human Resource: Local people Skilled manpower
2) Material: Locally available material
1.8 METHODOLOGY:
The report is to identify/ study about the current use, importance, design requirement and space
for people to treat their mental and physical health using Ayurveda in Nepal. Methodologically the
study is a descriptive analysis of the methods of Ayurveda treatment. For the study about the
importance of Ayurvedic medicine in people’s life and use of Ayurveda in daily life of people,
primary sources like the data collection, questionnaire and interview and field observation are
done.
And for the secondary sources, literature review about the psychological factors (color, light,
room, natural environment, lines), design requirement and space (area) requirement and different
design approaches in different building for Ayurveda are studied through different articles, books
and documentary. Different case studies will also be carried out to study about the current design
elements adopted for Ayurvedic village. The report has adopted internet-based library method to
find out the study materials required for the project.
To achieve the objectives of the study the following methodology is proposed:
• Detailed desktop and live case studies related to Ayurvedic Treatment center is carried
out.
• Detailed literature review related to Ayurveda, it’s effects in human’s mind, body and soul
and the spaces requirements are carried out.
• The need and requirement of physical aspects (daylight, window, views) and architectural
features (corridor, interactive spaces) in Ayurveda centers is studied.

1.7 WHAT WILL WE DEFINE GOOD ARCHITECTURE AS:

A good architecture is not about something which looks good, it is about something that makes
us feel good. It is not the beauty or aesthetics of a building which makes us stay longer, but it is
the feel we get there.

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 Figure 1 Design theory for reducing aggression by Ulrich (2012)

Hospitals often instill so much fear and anxiety in patients which promotes a stress response and
the body becomes weak and unable to handle medications and treatments received in hospitals
Everyone seeks healing for their mental and emotional wounds Healing has an ability to make us
feel better Any space, view, color, person or anything can make us feel better.

In order to create a healing environment, it is necessary to study and understand about the human
psychology, feelings, attitude and behavior and also the physical aspects(day lighting, window
design, thermal conditions), which can positively influence the human psychology The well-
designed architectural spaces and surroundings is physically healthy and have positive impact on
the human psychology. Architecture takes a holographic approach at the effectiveness of art to
promote healing therapy of connecting with the inner-self to bring about change in a person's lived
experience Healing involves a process where recipient receives a physically external antidote to
help them heal. Architecture has its own realm. It has a special physical relationship with life.

For the silence of sleep Zumthor, Peter Ar Roger Ulnch performed the experiment in us hospital
in 1984 that proved that window views could affect healing. Ulrich chose 46 patients, half patients
had beds near windows that overlooked a landscape of trees and the other half onto a brick wall.
After studying their vital signs and their pain medication doses it showed that the patients that
were positioned by the window needed fewer doses of pain medication and were healing at a
rapid rate than the others.

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2. LITERATURE REVIEW:
2.1 HISTORY OF AYURVEDA:
Ayurvedic medicine has a rich history. Originally shared as an oral tradition, Ayurveda was
recorded more than 5,000 years ago in Sanskrit, in the four sacred texts called the Vedas: the
Rig Veda (3000-2500 BCE), Yajur Veda, Sam Veda, and Atharva Veda (1200-1000
BCE).Ayurveda is a Sanskrit word where Ayu means Life, life-span and Veda means Knowledge,
wisdom or science. The science, knowledge and technology that deals with the betterment and
prolongation of life. It is concerned with what is conducive to life, types of life, and life
span. Ayurveda is that which deals with good, bad, blissful and sorrowful life, and with (what is)
wholesome and unwholesome for it, longevity, and about what Ayu (life) is in itself. Ayurveda is
that source of knowledge which teaches about or deals with Ayu. It imparts the knowledge of joy
and suffering, benefit and harm, and authentic/authoritative and unauthentic/unreliable. Basic
Principles of Ayurveda are Panchamahabhoota (Five Great Elements): Aakash (Ether), Vayu
(Air), Tej (Fire), Jala (Water) and Prithvi (Earth).
2.2 AYURVEDA AND DOSHAS:
Ayurvedic medicine is based on the idea that the world is made up of five elements — aakash
(space), jala (water), prithvi (earth), teja (fire), and vayu (air). A combination of each element
results in three humors, or doshas, known as vata, kapha, and pitta. These doshas are believed
to be responsible for a person’s physiological, mental, and emotional health.
.Every person is said to have a unique ratio of each dosha, usually with one standing out more
than the others. For example, a person may be mostly pitta while another may be mostly vata. An
Ayurvedic practitioner can help you determine your dosha. A person’s unique ratio of vata, kapha,
and pitta is said to define their Ayurvedic constitution, a blueprint to achieve optimal health.
Characteristics of different doshas in human:

Figure 2 Dosha in Ayurveda

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2.3 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF AYURVEDA:
There are different principles of Ayurveda and they are listed below:
• Dinacharya which means daily healthy life style and activities. (Get up, cleansing,
moderate yoga/exercise, proper breakfast, work, food, rest, sleep)
• Ritucharya meaning healthy life style according to seasons. (Harmonious living
according with seasonal variation in environment)
• Aahar vidhi meaning food conduct. (proper preparation and consumption)
• Avoid viruddha aahar (wrong food combination)
• Aachar-Vichar meaning proper behavior/conduct and positive attitude

2.4 AYURVEDIC APPROACH:

2.4.1 PREVENTIVE MEDICINE: This approach seeks to create and maintain health and longevity
within the individual. The health routines focus on everything from diet and exercise to herbal
therapies, massage, meditation, and social behavior and positive relationships.

Figure 5 Proper Diet Figure 4 Exercise Figure 3 Proper Social Behavior

2.4.2. CURATIVE MEDICINE: These treatments seek to heal an illness, which may be achieved
by one or more of the following approaches:
• Internal measures, including shodhana (detoxification) and shamana (methods used to
improve quality of life via palliative care)
• External measures, including snehana (oil treatments), svedana (steam therapy using
herbal steam), and use of herbal pastes.
• Surgical methods, including removal of tissues, organs, and harmful growths
• Mental and spiritual therapies, called daivya chikitsa

Figure 9 Oil Treatments Figure 8 Herbal Treatments Figure 7 Daivya Chikitsa Figure 6 Salya Chikitsav

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2.5 MODE OF TREATMENT IN AYURVEDA:
Although being one of the oldest methods of treatment in the world of medicine and healing,
Ayurveda offers a variety of treatment methods for different types of diseases and illness. Use of
various methods and techniques are used in Ayurveda with maximum use of natural ingredients
that are found in the environment which are proven to be beneficial to the human being.
Examination of Patient and Disease in Ayurveda medicine are:
▪ Darsan (Inspection)
▪ Sparsan: (Palpation)
▪ Prasna (Question)
Various activities are performed in the Ayurveda centers for examination and betterment of the
patients. Treatment in Ayurveda have three modes of treatment and they are:
• Yukti vyapashraya chikitsa (Rational healing) - Using specific ideas, knowledge, skills and
use of proven techniques and medicines. For example: herbal, herbo-mineral;
Panchakarma, Yoga and Meditation, Proper food and habits.
• Satvavajaya Chikitsa (Psychological healing) - Psychological support, psychosocial
support, therapy, counseling
• Daiva vyapashraya chikitsa (Divine/occult healing)- mantra, yagya, japa

Some treatment in Ayurveda are as follows:

1. Abhayanga: It is the massage of the body with dosha

specimen warm herbs infused oils.

Figure 10 Abhayanga

2. Takradhahara: It is similar to shirodhara but medicated buttermilk processed with

herbs.
3. Shirodhara: Gently pouring liquid over the forehead and one of
the steps of Panchakarma. The recipes vary and some of them
are over 2,000 years old. The head massage and continuous oil
flow calm the nervous system, reduce stress and relieve
Figure 11 Shirodhara
headaches.

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4. Netra vasthi: According to Ayurveda, the eyes are linked to the
sun, so in order to sooth eye complaints, the Pitta Dosha must
be brought into balance. During a Netra Basti treatment, the
entire eye socket is bathed in a pool of warm ghee, which has
a nourishing effect and helps sooth itchy eyes. Figure 12 Netra Vasthi

5. Pinda Sveda: Massages with hot cotton bags filled up with

herbs are called Pinda Sveda. They are often performed by
simultaneously applying two bags to both sides of the body, as
shown in the picture. The aim of this Ayurveda treatment
is joint and muscle relaxation, tension release and opening of
pores to allow medicinal substances to be Figure 13 Pinda Sveda

absorbed and remove toxins through sweating. There are

herbal mixtures with different flavors.
6. Ayurvedic Herbal Baths: Ayurvedic baths are used to soothe
your muscles and relax our body. Flowers are often added to
the water along with herbs and oils. The pleasant
aroma and warmth of the water allow for revitalization and
pure indulgence. Figure 14 Herbal Bath

7. Ayurvedic Head Treatments: There are also other types of

applications with oils and herbs. There are also many
massages of the head in a sitting and lying position. Two
well-known names in Ayurvedic head treatments
are Shiroabhyanga (massage) and Shirovasti (head
Figure 15 Ayurvedic Head Treatments
treatment with oil).
8. Ayurvedic Masks: Ayurvedic face masks work in a similar
way to conventional face masks. Typical ingredients
include healing clay, herbs and oils as well as other natural
elements such as algae. The masks soothe, nourish,
revitalise, rejuvenate and detoxify skin as well as
Figure 16 Ayurvedic Face Masks
contributing to mood enhancement and supporting Ayurvedic
treatments.

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 3. PANCHAKARMA THERAPY:
Ayurveda, as we all know that existed more than 5,000 years
ago has given the world an extensive form of knowledge and
practice that circulates within the domain of naturopathy. It
has provided various natural healing techniques designed for
the benefit of the human community. Panchakarma is
considered to be the most eminent branch of Ayurveda. As
the name suggests it is a ‘five-step’ process for a complete
detoxifying and rejuvenating experience. Basically, it is a
cleansing technique where the body is allowed to get
cleansed through different procedures. It requires a minimum
of 2 weeks for the body to get cleansed from within. It works Figure 17 Panchakarma Treatment
best with the use of medicated oils that helps in getting rid of the
toxins and helps in eliminating impurities from the human body.
3.1 BENEFITS OF THE THERAPY:
There are endless benefits that one cannot even imagine about. But specifically speaking,
Panchakarma. Some of the benefits of the therapy are:

• Purification of the Body and Soul: The therapy is the ultimate solution to get rid of all impurities
and toxins from the body and thus purify the mind, body and soul. It helps to maintain a balance
between all the three doshas that are responsible for governing our body.
• Basis for Complete Well-Being
• Balancing the vitiated doshas: As per Ayurveda, doshas are the main governing factors of the
human body. It is due to the imbalances in these doshas that our body sometimes responds in
an abnormal way and we fall prey to various kinds of ailments. Panchakarma therapy thus helps
to restore the balance between the doshas for proper functioning of the body.

3.2 PROCESSES INVOLVED IN CLEANSING:

Panchakarma therapy is a five-step process for the body to get cleansed inside out. These five
steps can be considered to be the stepping stones for complete attainment of a healthy and a
purified body. This therapy is believed to impart radical elimination of the disease-causing factors
and maintain an equilibrium among the doshas that govern our body. Following are the five
processes that helps improve the immunity and cleanses the body.

• Vamana- It is a procedure where the patient is given Ayurvedic therapies and internal
medication. This helps in vomiting and elimination of the toxins thus disposing the poisons
from the body.
• Virechana- This procedure includes the cleansing of the toxins through the bowels. The
patient is asked to consume Ayurvedic medicines and go for a natural purgative method
thus clearing the guts that aides in purifying the body or toxins.
• Basti- Ayurvedic therapy through medicines or natural decoctions, such as oils, ghee or
milk through enema is known as basti. The decoctions depend on the disease that needs
to be cured. It has huge advantages and is powerful against diseases like piles,
constipation and arthritis.
• Nasya- People suffering from issues that target the head area, this Ayurvedic therapy is
the best. It is a natural cleansing technique where the cerebral area gets freed from any
kind of pain and nasal drops are regulated in the nostrils.
• Raktamokshan: Lastly, this process is done for cleaning the blood. As impure blood is a
major cause of any diseases, so this therapy allows for the purification of the blood.

17
3.3 AYURVEDIC INSTRUMENTS:

There are various types of medical instruments that are used in the field of Ayurveda. The
instruments that are used in the Ayurvedic field are made using mainly wood, fibres and other
natural materials which doesn’t have any side effect for the human health. But with the change
of time various modern type of instruments are also in use for easy maintenance and use. Modern
technological instruments are manufactured for taking less time during therapy session and can
also have controlled buttons which controls the flow of buttermilk and oil. Some of the instruments
used in the Ayurveda are as follow:

• Massage Droni (Dhara Pathy- Shirodhara Type)

• Shirodhara Pot
• Shirodhara Wooden Stand
• Lying Steam Chamber
• Sitting Steam Chamber

Figure 19 Massage Droni (Dhara pathy - Shirodhara type) Figure 18 Shirodhara Pot

9' x 90 cm x 4''

Figure 20 Sitting steam chamber

3 ft X 2.5 Ft X 4 ft height

Figure 22 Lying steam chamber - wooden Figure 21 Shirodhara Wooden Stand

210 cm (L)X 78 cm (W)X 90 cm (H)

18
3.4 AYURVEDA STANDARDS:
Ayurvedic center has different functions, facilities and equipment that are important in the
center. And to maintain the proper functioning in the Ayurvedic center proper planning and flow
should be maintained for ease of movement and function of the building.
3.4.1. FACILITIES: Two treatment room (men and women: min. size of 100 sq. ft (width not less
than 8 ft., attached bathroom (size not < 20 sq. ft).
Panchakarma room should be of minimum 12 ft. by 15 ft.
One consultation room (min. size 100 sq. ft. width not < 8
ft.). Room well equipped with medical instruments like the
BP measuring instrument, stethoscope, medicinal herbs,
etc. A storage area or service area is provided near the
treatment area so that medicinal herbs and oils are stored,
mixed and prepared in these areas. Minimum of two toilets
are required in the center. A toilet shall be built adjacent to
the doctor’s diagnosis room and one for office staff. In Figure 23 Layout of Treatment room
addition, three more toilets shall be arranged for the use
of the patients, one for men, and the other for women and third
for the physically challenged. Physically challenged shall be in such a way that a patient could
enter it in a wheel chair
3.4.2. EQUIPMENT: One massage table (min. size 7 ft * 3 ft.) is kept in the Panchakarma area.
Medicated hot water facility for bathing and other purposes should be provided inside the
treatment area. Facilities for sterilization of the medical instrument are provided in the room. A
gas stove or a heating element is kept inside the treatment area so that the medicinal herbs and
oils are heated according to the need for treatment.
3.4.3. BUILDING: Building occupies an important role in infrastructure. The building for Ayurveda
center shall be eco-friendly and suitable to the local surroundings Openings shall ensure good air
circulation and entry of light in the building. Use of eco-friendly tile Fabrics for bed sheets and
curtains (Aloe vera, Jute, Bamboo, Banana, cotton) which are natural and has less harm for the
human health and well beings are mostly used. VOC free paint are used in the Ayurveda center.

Figure 24 Flow chart of Ayurveda Space

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4. YOGA AND MEDITATION:
4.1 YOGA:
Yoga comes from the Sanskrit word "Yuj" and "Yuga" which
means "union" or "to join" since yoga tries to join the person
with the cosmos. It is the technique of controlling body and
mind through disciplined method to attain healthy physical
and mental state. It has been in practice for more than 5000
years. It includes various disciplines such as dietary
restrictions, ethical principles exercises (pranayams) and
meditation (dhyan). Yoga is not considered a therapy for
specific iIlness. Rather it employs a broad holistic approach
Figure 25 Yoga Space
that focuses on teaching people a new lifestyle, way of
thinking and a way of being in the world. Yoga suits all the
ages and abilities. Yoga is related to physical and mental relaxation. Yoga leads to stillness
through movement, which brings the mind from its scattered focus into a place of inner stillness
where we become aware of the various levels of our being - physical, mental, emotional and
spiritual.
4.1.1 BENEFITS OF YOGA:
A regular yoga practice helps boost antioxidants throughout your body, resulting in a stronger
immune system.
• Yoga helps to reduce the feeling of stress, anger, frustration and depression.
• Yoga helps to lose weight and maintain a healthy weight throughout life.
• Yoga can help cure insomnia, as regular yoga practice leads to better and deeper sleep.
• The gentler forms of yoga lower your blood pressure because the asanas keep blood
flowing evenly throughout your body while you focus on your breathing.
• Yoga benefits anyone's mental health by helping him or her relax, and it is an effective
form of psychological therapy.
4.2 MEDITATION
Meditation is a relaxation technique for keeping our mind empty
from any kind of thoughts. It brings focus and peace that lies deep
within oneself. It generally involves turning the attention inward to
the mind itself. Meditation is often recognized as a component of
eastern religions where it has been practiced for over 5,000 years.
It has also become main stream in western culture. It encompasses
any of wide variety of spiritual practices which emphasize mental
activity. Meditation can be used for personal development or to
focus the mind on god or an aspect of god. Meditation is done to
reach positive and holistic health. Meditation can be practiced to Figure 26 Meditation Space
develop the awareness and the energy required to transform deep
rooted mental habit patterns. The word meditation covers many practices from visualizing
situation, focusing on objects or images thinking through a complex idea or even getting lost in
provocative books.

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4.3 TYPES OF MEDITATION
We can meditate in various ways. The technique of meditation may vary but the intention of it
always remains the same Following are different techniques of meditation:
1. Indoor meditation and outdoor meditation
2. Concentration meditation and mindfulness meditation
3. Sitting meditation and walking meditation
4. Individual meditation and group meditation
The health benefits of meditation are threefold- physical, psychological and spiritual.
4.4 HISTORY OF YOGA AND MEDITATION:
The Vedic Samhitas contain references to ascetics, while ascetic practices (tapas) are referenced
in the Brāhmaṇas (900 B.C.E. and 500 B.C.E.), early commentaries on the Vedas. Techniques
for experiencing higher states of consciousness in meditation initially had only a slight
philosophical underpinning, and were unconnected with Samkhya doctrines. These techniques
were developed by the shramanic traditions and in the Upanshadic tradition.

4.4.1 YOGA AND MEDITATION SPACES:

Different type of space is required which helps in full concentration and connection with the inner
self and with the outer environment. Many of the operations taken in these spaces create enabling
environments for reflection, introspection, healing.
Although each practice may require specific characteristics, most take place in a large open
central space, accompanied by a set of support rooms. The space can be opened or in a big
constructed space and the way of meditating or doing yoga is either in linear or in radical or
circular space.

Figure 27 Ways of sitting in meditation and Yoga

Figure 29 Chess play area Figure 28 Meditation seeing

Figure 30 Bhajan in morning
and interactive area the views in morning and
and evening time
evening time
Figure: Bhajan in morning
Figureand
31 evening
Flexible time
space

21
4.4.2 MAIN ROOM:
This is the central space of the building where people gather for practice, and generally is a free
plan, flexible and adaptable to different uses. To determine its dimensions, we can use the
standard measures of a yoga mat, which unfolds fully stretched in an area of approximately 1.70
x 60 meters. It is suggested to leave at least 50 cm between the mats, to allow the free movement
of users during the exercises.
Some of these rooms have a small platform or elevated area where the instructor or guide of the
session is located, and it is good to add shelves or countertops where people can leave their
'tools' during the class (water bottles, towels, blankets, slippers). A small dressing room near
the bathroom space can be added which may also include lockers, shelves, and benches.
Toilets should be located adjacent to the main room, with a quick and easy access from
the main entrance area.

Figure: Flow chart of Meditation and Yoga space

Figure 32 Flow chart of Yoga
and Meditation space

4.4.3 CIRCULATIONS:

Circulations gain great importance in this kind of projects, because not only can function as
corridors or hallways, but also can contain storage spaces, waiting and resting areas, or even a
reception. Some cases also take advantage of the walls to incorporate built-in shelves.

4.4.4 FACTORS AFFECTING MEDITATION AND YOGA

SPACES:

4.4.4.1 ACOUSTICS: There is a belief that these spaces must

be completely silent, but precisely the idea of these disciplines
is to be developed in spite of the ambient noise. In fact, in many Figure 33 trees as barrier for
cases, it is recommended to fully perform in exteriors, as many noise

sounds of nature can help a better realization of different practices. In the case of closed rooms,
these sounds (and even smells) can be integrated by incorporating indoor courtyards or gardens

22
that attract birds, including moving water, and/or allow the flow of the wind. Obviously, if a practice
requires complete silence, the design must allow that the space can be completely isolated.

The design premise was to create a center in constant contact with nature. For this we planned a
flagstone garden around the property, with a set of perforations to create interior courtyards where
gardens were generated. The spaces and their uses are constantly related through the courtyards
and gardens.

4.4.4.2 VENTILATION: This is a fundamental issue in these

practices, since they all use breath as the basis for its
development. It is important to allow cross ventilation
across the room, making sure that there is a certain current cross ventilation
Figure 34 Cross ventilation
renew of oxygen inside, during the session or at the times when
the room is not being occupied. For this, a first opening in the facade that receives the prevailing
winds, and a second opening (preferably bigger) on the opposite wall should be generated.

4.4.4.3 LIGHTING: The light allows to qualify environmentally the space and can help to lead the
intension of the practice being done. In the case of Yoga, direct
connection to the sun is essential in many of their exercises. That's
why we should always favor natural lighting, and is necessary, to
incorporate systems to regulate their intensity, allowing darken the
room completely if necessary. In order to avoid glare, in most of the
Figure 35 Natural Lighting
projects presented in this article, light does not fall directly on people,
and have been used zenithal openings, windows at floor level, fuzzy screens, and
light courtyard surrounding the main room.

4.4.4.4 AESTHETICS AND MATERIALS: The aesthetics of space depends entirely on the
client requirement, but generally, you should avoid distracting elements or exaggerated
decorations. It is recommended using warm materials and soft colors (or directly white) to help
attendees achieve a certain degree of initial concentration. As practices carried out in permanent
contact with the ground, floors are usually covered with wood or materials rather 'soft' and warm
to the touch.

23
5. LITERATURE REVIEW:
5.1 BRAIN PHARMACEUTICALS:
Numerous studies show much evidence of the
body’s ability to “self-heal” through its ability to
‘tap into our internal pharmacies’. One of the
body’s most effective ways of healing is through
means of releasing chemicals in the brain, brain
pharmaceuticals, such as endorphins
(dopamine) which can help manage pain and
swelling, promote feelings of euphoria,
modulate appetite, and boost the immune
response. Endorphins are natural and not Figure 36: Brain Pharmaceuticals
addictive, unlike many drugs, and often have
the same effect as traditional drugs such as morphine and codeine. These chemicals are an
integral part of the body’s internal pharmacies. Some of the process for self-heal i.e brain
pharmaceuticals strategies that can be applied are:

• PASSIVE VS. ACTIVE COPING STRATEGIES: There are two main types of strategies
for coping with stress: passive and active. They work in different ways, both ultimately
trying to decrease the stress the body experiences. The design development of this thesis
focuses on more active strategies. Passive strategies eliminate environmental stressors
to minimize the body’s stress response which often debilitates the immune system and
ultimately makes treatments harder for the body to accept. Active strategies introduce
psychological and sensory interventions to manipulate the mind and body’s ways of
perceiving and responding to environmental conditions.

• HEALING THROUGH THE SENSES: Brain pharmaceuticals react to stimulations from

different senses. The brain will respond to environmental relaxers or stressors and release
chemicals in the brain that respond to the appropriate situation. Endorphins interact with
opiate receptors of the brain to reduce our perception of pain. They react similarly to drugs
such as morphine and codeine (without the addiction). They also lead to feelings of
euphoria, modulate appetite, release sex hormones, and enhance immune response.4
Melatonin is a hormone associated with the onset of sleep. Its release is often triggered
by dense light wavelengths of such colors as yellow and orange.

• PROMOTING CALMING: Esther Sternberg explains the importance of an environment’s

ability to promote a calming effect. It is vital that patients are as calm as possible when in
a healing state so that their body’s stress response isn’t fighting the medical treatments.
The body and the doctor’s interventions must work together to maximize healing potential.
When an environment is able to keep a patient calm, it lowers the body’s stress response,
and the vagus nerve, which carries a wide variety of signals from the brain to multiple
organs, is able to improve systems in the body, such as heart rate variability, breathing,
blood flow, etc., to improve recovery outcomes.The adrenal gland controls the release of
cortisol, a stress hormone that places the body into the fight-or-flight mode, mentioned
previously in Part II. The vagus nerve responds to the body’s stress reaction and carries
a wide assortment of signals to and from the brain. It is responsible for a number of
instinctive responses in the body such as heart rate and breathing. A stress reaction can

24
 result in variable blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, and heavy breathing, among other
negative effects.

• SUBCONSCIOUS HEALING: By stimulating the release of endorphins, the body is able

to reduce the perception of pain and strengthen the immune system, aiding in the healing
process without the use of potentially addictive drugs with possible negative side effects.

5.1.1. TRADITIONAL DRUGS VS. “BRAIN PHARMACEUTICALS”:

There are significant differences between traditional drugs and brain pharmaceuticals. Traditional
drugs are used to manipulate chemicals in the brain, including the control of pain management
but they have many dangerous risks associated with their use, particularly if used long term or in
high doses. Brain Pharmaceuticals are natural chemicals in the brain with the potential to have
the same effect as traditional drugs, with additional healthy benefits.
A. TRADITIONAL DRUGS:
Traditional drugs offer many risks associated with their use, particularly if used long term or
in high doses. In addition to the potential addiction which often leads to drug abuse and
potential overdose, doctor prescribed use also has the following risks associated with many
drugs among others like confusion, constipation, troubled breathing, fainting, racing heartbeat,
weak pulse and vomiting.

• Codeine (Used to treat mild to moderately severe pain and abuse causes harmful side
effects including loss of motor and coordination skills.)
• Morphine: Used to treat moderate to severe pain. Morphine poses a high risk of addiction-
the average body becomes accustomed to the drug and begins to crave the presence of
opiates within two weeks of use.

B. BRAIN PHARMACEUTICALS (NATURAL CHEMICALS):

Natural chemicals produced by the body do not pose any issues of overdose or addiction, yet
they can have the same effect as traditional drugs such as morphine and codeine (without
addiction).

• Melatonin: The hormone is associated with the onset of sleep. When released,
melatonin makes the body feel tired. This chemical is used to tell the body when it is
time to sleep.
• Dopamine (Endorphins): Dopamine interacts with opiates receptors of the brain to
reduce perception of pain. They also lead to feelings of euphoria, modulate appetite
and immune response.

25
5.2 ROLE OF ARCHITECTURE IN THE HEALING PROCESS:
For better planning and designing of an Ayurveda center, architects and researchers have closely
observed and tried to analyze the correlation between the physical parameters involved in
creating Ayurvedic centers and their effect on patients health-related outcomes such as patients
comfort level, recovery, his length of stay, medication intake, stress levels, etc. Individually
examining and studying these parameters on patients of different age groups can actually help in
demonstrating how one can design healthy environments and spaces that can reduce stress and
anxiety levels and address issues related to patients’ comfort.

5.2.1 OPEN SPACES: Many clinical studies

have proven the positive effect of nature and
exposure to the outdoors; towards distraction
from stress and anxiety levels of patients in a
Health care setup. A study published in the
American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease and
Other Dementias, clearly indicated that for
patients suffering from dementia; aggressive
behavior associated with a stressful experience
could be reduced significantly by the frequent
playing of recorded nature sounds. The study by
Professor Irving, Biermann, of the University of
Southern California has found that when people Figure 37: Effect of open Space
view scenes that are soothing to mind and eyes
and are universally accepted – like beautiful panoramas, sunsets, hill views, a grove of trees- the
nerve cells of the brain become active and the brain’s natural painkillers starts flowing thereby
reducing the stress levels of the patient and make them calm.

5.2.2 ROLE OF LIGHT IN TREATMENT: Light plays a critical role in human life and daily affairs
that we can hardly imagine our existence without it. It permits one to function at a basic
level and it also plays a key factor in our psychological and physiological health.

• Importance of Natural Light: In a study conducted, 92% of the patient’s considered sunlight
to be pleasurable and calming respectively. Whereas only 2% and 1% of patients
considered sunlight to be a
nuisance and unfavorable.
Whereas, 31% and 35% of the
staff members considered
sunlight to be pleasurable and
calming respectively. Whereas
62% and 26% of staff considered
sunlight to be a nuisance and
unfavorable. The reports were
quite contrasted with patients
and staff. Figure 38: Role of light

• Importance of Artificial Light: The artificial lighting should be highly flexible and adaptable
to one’s needs, i.e. it should provide a comforting feel to patients while reading and well
illumination to staff for carrying out examination or surgical treatments. Interior
designers while designing a house or building should take into consideration the amount
and the available type and dimensions of light in design. The job of interior designer is not

26
 only restricted to designing but also has to handle the intricacies of important facilities to
be provided in medical projects such as proper placement of installation channels and air
vents in the ceiling keeping in line with the installation standards and the space lighting.

5.2.3 ROLE OF OPENINGS: Ulrich through his work ‘power of the window’ has shown and
proven scientifically how the patients in hospital recovered faster when their rooms had a
direct view of the external natural environment rather than a blank wall. According to a
study the patients who could see and feel nature around (be it in the form of trees or
chirping of birds, cool breeze, sunrise, and sunset, etc.), required less narcotic pain
medication than the ones who stayed in a room with brick walls and no window.

Figure 39: Effect of view on health outcomes

5.2.4 COLOR: Colors can have a significant impact on the psyche of patients; certain colors
intend to encourage activities, while others promote passive behavior. According to color
therapy, colors have the ability to influence many facets of our lives, including our
emotions, mental state, mood, and energy level. Each color is considered to be in line with
the seven energy centers or chakras. The concept of color therapy is based on the fact
that our physiological behavior responds and functions in a predictable defined manner to
colors.

Figure 40: Each color in line with our seven Chakras

27
5.2.5 MATERIALS: Materials too are considered to leave a direct influence on the overall sense
of the environment like the ability to affect the sound environment, circulate movement,
increase /decrease comfort and various other actions. Building materials used in
therapeutic architecture should be carefully chosen – like natural materials if used in such
spaces have not only a healing benefit but also an ecological one. If a building is
harmonious and close to nature, it has a positive effect on the environment too. By
designing spaces that are self-sufficient, “eco-cycle houses,” or agriculture systems,
architecture can work with nature in harmony. Using local materials allows for the
community to play a role in the construction process, as well. Natural materials that have
been handcrafted are unique, which is as appealing as it is authentic.

5.2.6 ACOUSTICS: Blomkvist et al 2005, through his work, has tried to show how the improved
acoustics can have a positive effect on the psychosocial environment and how it can
contribute towards reducing risks of conflicts and errors in the health care environment.
The negative effects of sound and noise are associated with a patient’s slow recovery and
increased levels of stress. In a study, Bayonet al.1995 made an observation that the most
important noise sources were located primarily inside the hospital and majorly affected the
patients’ comfort but had little implications on their recovery.

Figure 42: Slow recovery and increased levels of stress Figure 41: improved acoustics improves health
due to noise

One of the major side effects of a high noise level was on patients’ quality and quantity of
sleep. Sources of disturbance that were identified were therapeutic procedures, staff
talking, and environmental noises, etc. Most disturbances were noted in the multi-bed unit
having multiple patients due to erratic patient interventions by staff, keeping little time for
condensed sleep. Moore et al. attempted to provide solutions for multi-bed patient care
units by reducing noise levels by 6 dB (A) on average by following procedures such as
closing patient doors, a change that patients readily acknowledged. However, an adverse
effect was seen in the ICU where closing doors increased noise levels, primarily because
of the noise that resonates with equipment within the room. Harris & Reitz 1985 studied
the effects of room reverberation and noise on speech discrimination by older adults. They
demonstrated that under the same reverberant noisier conditions; the older normal-
hearing subjects performed much poorer than younger normal-hearing subjects and a
sharp decline by 48% in speech discrimination was observed among older adults with a
hearing impairments from the best acoustic condition (quiet + shorter reverberation time
(RT)) to poorest (noise + longer RT). For having good effective acoustics in healthcare
design, the research implies that ceilings should be made sound-absorbent and
reverberation time be shortened so as to reduce noise propagation for increasing speech
discrimination among older patients.

28
5.3 THE HEALING POWER OF DIFFERENT ELEMENTS WHICH HELPS TO HEAL (VEDIC
APPROACHES):

5.3.1 ARCHITECTURE & BUILDING FORM:

Excellence in architecture is of primary importance in helping to

foster health and healing. Harmonious, well-balanced
environments help to reduce stress, capture the imagination, and
liberate vitality and creativity, all of which enhance healing.
Harmony in design can be achieved through a combination of
harmonious proportions, clear layout, smooth energy flow, and
nourishing sheng chi (vital force). Clarity of layout and form have
an impact on the healing potential of the structure. Design tools
such as the pakua, (Chinese feng shui), the vastu shasta (Indian
vedic geomancy), and western sacred geometry, are among the Figure 43: Healing Structure/
many tools that offer conceptual and methodological approaches. Building Form harmony with its
surroundings.

The healing structure needs to be in harmony with its surroundings: the community, the street
and the other buildings in the area. Architectural form needs to recognize this imperative. Although
innovation is welcome, form for the sake of aesthetics or dialectics should be discouraged.
Distribution of functions within the structure must be practical, but should also consider orientation
and position within the building envelope. Using the pakua, flying stars, and vastu shasta to
determine location can greatly improve healing performance.

Arrangement of rooms and functions should not be too irregular. Avoid awkward geometries,
angled entries and walls, and fractured profiles. Avoid sharp angles and pointed elevations. These
generate sha chi and can be damaging to community relations and health.
It is important that the geometry and footprint of the building recognize the relative hierarchies
and interrelationships that operate within the institution. Institutional safety and vulnerability can
be addressed through design. In general, it is best if higher ranking personnel are located farthest
from the entry. Conversely, functional and programmatic allocations can be determined by
applying the pakua, flying stars and other tools.
Building form should be clear and readily understandable. Levels within a building should be well
defined. Ceilings with uneven heights are undesirable unless they help to define space more
clearly. Avoid split levels, rooms or atriums with excess height, and rooms that are too cramped
or crowded. The main entry into the structure is of fundamental importance in determining overall
prospects for success. The experience of arrival should therefore include a sense of
determination, clarity and welcome. Avoid entrances that are behind the front face of the building.
Reception and waiting facilities should be readily observable and easily accessible.
All rooms should receive adequate light: artificial light should not be needed on a sunny day.
However, overly large windows leak nourishing energy and afford poor protection from destructive
energy. Avoid buildings with floor-to-ceiling glass windows. The building’s structure should be
clear and rational: buildings that feel precarious or that use structural imbalances for aesthetic
effect risk compromising the healing response. Avoid plots with irregular shapes. Odd shapes can
be corrected with lights, fountains, landscaping, flag poles, or buildings. Avoid buildings that have
critical functions above or near garages, viaducts, or bridges.

29
Using vedic design tools for layout and form for conceptual and methodological approaches:
• Arrangement of rooms and functions should not be too irregular.
• Avoid awkward geometries, angled entries and walls, and fractured profiles.
• Avoid sharp angles and pointed elevations.
• Ceilings with uneven heights are undesirable unless they help to define space more
clearly.
• Avoid split levels, rooms or atriums with excess height, and rooms that are too cramped
or crowded.
• Reception and waiting facilities should be readily observable and easily accessible.
• All rooms should receive adequate light: artificial light should not be needed on a sunny
day.
• However, overly large windows leak nourishing energy and afford poor protection from
destructive energy. Avoid buildings with floor-to-ceiling glass windows.
• Avoid plots with irregular shapes and Odd shapes can be corrected with lights, fountains,
landscaping, flag poles, or buildings.

5.3.2 THE HEALING POWER OF WATER:

Water is symbolic of the vitality in life and is key to

the sacredness of a healing site. Water can be
metaphorical of peace, tranquility and calm.
Conversely, it is also associated with vitality,
fertility, abundance, fluidity and movement. Water
opens up the contemplative nature of the soul and
helps to elicit memories and a sense of belonging.
Because water is a feminine energy, it is also
associated with the land and with the genius loci.
Water helps to distribute vital sheng chi throughout
the landscape, both as surface rivers, creeks, and Figure 44: Healing power of Water
lakes, as well as in underground streams. This force
can be tapped by enhancing naturally occurring water in site planning of by introducing it into the
site or the structure in gardens, water features, and vistas.
Surface water has the ability to enhance both healing and prosperity, provided it is located on the
proper direction in relation to the building and the site. Geomantic practices the world over (such
as feng shui) refer to ideal locations for water in the landscape Surface water can be incorporated
into a site in many ways: as a gushing stream in a fountain it is symbolic of the life force, of
surmounting obstacles, and initiating new life. As a slow moving, meandering stream or creek,
water is symbolic of the river of life and our personal life path, and is also allegorical of progress
and attainment. As a waterfall, it is symbolic of a leap into the unknown, of courage, and triumph

30
over fear. As a still pond, water is symbolic of contemplation, of the soul’s yearning for truth,
renewal and healing.
Underground water (rivers, aquifers) have the potential to greatly augment the healing power of
a site. These can be reliably located by dowsing. Dowsing is a time-honored skill which allows its
user to perceive energies such as underground water despite the fact that they cannot be seen.
Experienced dowsers can locate underground water on site or remotely using maps.
Water that rises towards the surface from below the site is particularly beneficial. If the water does
not break the surface it is called a blind spring. Underground water, like the energy lines, can also
be traumatized; geopathic stress often involves compromised underground water known as dark
streams. In such cases it is necessary to perform earth acupuncture in order to heal the problem.
As with other forms of geopathic stress, it is important to cure or avoid such areas as they have
been implicated with many serious medical conditions.
The quality of water is of great concern in geomancy. This not only includes the potability and
cleanliness of this valuable resource, but also its energetic integrity. There is growing evidence
that water is capable of carrying spiritual information and that unless managed consciously, it can
loose its power to nourish, regenerate, and heal.
Water elements helps in creating an interesting as well as healing spaces in the nature or in the
space where it is kept. Some of the important healing as well as interesting features of water
elements are described below:

• Interaction: This waterfall offers a wide range of amenities:

full interaction, playground, space to walk around and get
wet, or just contemplate.

• Refreshing: Everyone can argue that on a warm day a

waterfall can be very refreshing. A waterfall provides cool
fresh air. This creates a healthy environment in which our
brain receives fresh air, allowing it to think clearly. It allows
us to relax from physical and mental stress.

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 • Transparency: New perspectives and images are formed
through the transparent liquid veil. The clear properties of
the water plus the rushing nature of the falls creates a new
vision. This may be one of the properties that makes people
stare at waterfalls. Through them we discover new things,
new reflections and in the process, we may discover a new
self.
• Sound: The hard surface behind the falls increases the
noise level produced by the falls. The constant rush of
water creates a soothing effect, even right behind the falls,
where the noise level is higher.

5.3.3 THE HEALING POWER OF GARDENS:

A healing garden is a microcosmos of the larger
world: each feature in the garden has the power to
represent a larger feature in the landscape:
mountains, rivers, lakes. It is through this holistic
modeling that a healing garden can stimulate the
senses, improve vitality, and promote recuperation
from physical, emotional, mental and spiritual
illness.
A successful healing garden is a co-creative Figure 45: Humans and nature are intimately connected
process in which humans and Nature are intimately
connected through the bonds of reciprocity and stewardship. A healing garden is a symbol of the
possibilities, obstacles, and hardships that need to be overcome in order to reach higher levels of
consciousness and a sense of our own divinity and interconnectedness with all that is. This
potential allows a successful garden to have a healing role even in those situations where physical
healing is not possible. Consequently, its users should be a driving force in its design and should
be involved in its maintenance.

Figure 46: Activities in Garden Space

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Healing is achieved through careful alignment with the forces of earth, water, air and fire. It implies
a recognition of orientation in space in a cosmological sense, and of the anthropocosmic
relationship between man and the larger body of the planet, its creatures, and the invisible forces
behind material reality. It can also include formal religious allusions as well as iconographic
additions. Its end product is a space where many activities are possible: stillness/movement,
contemplation/interaction, wonder/discovery, mystery/creation, relaxation/work.

Figure 47: Interactive Garden Space Figure 48: Interesting exteriors

Gardens should encourage healing through the interaction of patients with healers, family and
friends, the old with the young, staff and colleagues, and even the act of being in solitude. The
garden also needs to provide subspaces and seating arrangements that allow gathering in larger
groups. It needs natural, spatially enclosed settings for talk and conversation. In all cases,
however, there is also the interaction of humans and nature: plants, wildlife, and the forces of
wind, water, light, and color. A healing garden should afford opportunities to make choices: private
areas and public spaces, contemplation and people watching, various walking routes, different
kinds of seating, interaction with humans and nature, participation in the garden’s maintenance.
A healing garden should allow its users to experience a sense of control: users must know it
exists, how to gain access to it, they should be able to use it in ways they prefer. They should
enjoy a sense of physical and psychological security. Design should encourage clarity of layout
and movement. The garden should provide a sense of enclosure and a special entrance to convey
a feeling of structure, permanence and grounded ness. It should avoid dead end paths and
complex formations. Design needs to create opportunities for movement and exercise; this brings
physical and emotional benefits and helps to combat depression. Create paths for walking, make
the garden visible from corridors that can also be used for exercise, place rehabilitation units in
view of the garden or nature, add a walking or jogging route for staff.
Using vedic design tools for layout and form for conceptual and methodological approaches for
gardens:
• Design should encourage clarity of layout and movement.
• The garden should provide a sense of enclosure and a special entrance to convey a
feeling of structure, permanence and grounded ness.
• Avoid dead end paths and complex formations.
• Design needs to create opportunities for movement and exercise

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 • Create paths for walking, make the garden visible from corridors that can also be used for
exercise, place rehabilitation units in view of the garden or nature, add a walking or jogging
route for staff.
Design suggestions for creating healing gardens are as follows:
• Provide five-foot minimum width at paths for one way traffic to accommodate the turning
radius of a wheelchair For two way wheelchair traffic, provide seven foot minimum width.
• Create a change in texture at the edge of a path to help people with low vision to recognize
when they are off the path.
• Avoid materials that produce glare. Light concrete can be especially troubling to older
people. Use tinted concrete if possible.
• Limit grade changes in most highly used outdoor areas. The slope of a walk must not
exceed 5% or 1 foot of rise for 20 of feet length. Cross slope must not exceed 2% or 1 foot
of rise for 50 feet of length.

Figure 49: Garden Dimension

5.3.4 INTERIOR DESIGN & ENERGY FLOW:

Good interior design helps to reduce stress levels
and increases satisfaction and recuperation. To
achieve this, interior layout must encourage smooth
flow of sheng chi (vital energy). This is achieved by
containing the chi within the space while allowing it
to move where needed. Smooth flow of sheng chi
within a structure determines the quality of its
experience and is necessary for good health. Figure 50: Curved Space for healing

In order to capture sheng chi efficiently, the area located outside the mouth of chi needs to be
open and should be exposed to as much verdant greenery as possible. It should not be
encumbered by obstacles, higher ground, or other objects, forms or structures which carry
stagnant ssu chi or damaging sha chi (power plants, cemeteries, churches, heavy industry,
military installations, police buildings, electrical and transmission towers, and even trees). Drives,
roads, or sharp objects should not aim at the front entry.
Once within the building, sheng chi must gather in lobbies and vestibules. Entrances and lobbies
determine the overall potential of a structure and should be bright, open and cheerful. They should
be experienced as areas of calm amidst the flow of energy. Front doors that line up with rear

34
doors or with large windows are undesirable as they allow energy to rush through the space
before it has a chance to gather in the lobby. Lobbies and foyers need to be cheerful and
welcoming and should be generously proportioned. Calming artwork and greenery are essential.
Lobbies should always include symbolic or metaphorical recognitions of the healing process:
waterfalls, fountains, sculpture, fireplaces, or gardens. Energy moves along corridors and
elevators. Congestion, turns and twists in corridors and hallways slow down energy and create
stagnant ssu chi. It is important to avoid such situations. Clutter, excess noise, and lack of natural
daylight have similar effects.
Sheng chi moves in curved and sinuous paths. Conversely, straight lines carry sha chi. Design
must therefore avoid long unbroken corridors and uninterrupted planes. In situation where this is
not possible, corridors can be opened up by placing art or mirrors along the sides to make them
feel more expansive. Staggered art or plants can also help. Corridors should be lighted as brightly
as possible. As with main lobbies, elevator foyers and stair landings need to be generously
proportioned, and should feel open and cheerful. Open stairs and escalators should be expansive
and inviting. Wide, curved, graceful stairways opening onto wide landings are best. Avoid spiral
stairs, and stairs that point directly towards the entrance door.
The position of doors along traffic routes is also important. Avoid doors that open onto walls
directly in front of them. Avoid more than two consecutive doors in line along a corridor. Avoid
facing doors that are not in alignment. Large doors should open onto large rooms, small ones
onto smaller rooms. The opposite is detrimental. Avoid layouts with sharp corners, angled walls
or entries, and irregular geometries.
Using vedic design tools for layout and form for conceptual and methodological approaches for
interior:
• Front doors that line up with rear doors or with large windows are undesirable.
• Lobbies should always include symbolic or metaphorical recognitions of the healing
process: waterfalls, fountains, sculpture, fireplaces, or gardens.
• Sheng chi moves in curved and sinuous paths. Conversely, straight lines carry sha chi.
• Corridors should be lighted as brightly as possible.
• Avoid spiral stairs, and stairs that point directly towards the entrance door.
• Large doors should open onto large rooms, small ones onto smaller rooms.
• Avoid layouts with sharp corners, angled walls or entries, and irregular geometries.

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5.4 ELEMENTS USED FOR HEALING IN HEALTHCARE FACILITIES:
5.4.1 VERTICAL GARDENS:
Plants represent much of what patients are looking for in
themselves during treatment: growth, renewal, life, cycle,
and healing. The vertical gardens take the plants
component which becomes centre attention in the
Ayurvedic center by introducing several self-contained
vertical gardens throughout the room. Patients can gather
around them and are able to see the plants, while also
receiving the benefits of their scents. Psychologically, a
visual connection with plants and other elements of nature
has tremendous healing abilities. Glass doors, which
enclose the garden elements, open for watering and
maintenance of the plants. This also gives the opportunity
for patients to help with the upkeep and watering of the
plants, which provides another way for patients to interact
and hold some control over their situation.
Figure 51: Vertical Garden
5.4.1.1 COMPONENTS OF THE VERTICAL GARDENS:

The Vertical Gardens consist of self-containing glass tubes with several shelves containing plants.
Patients are thus given a visual connection with the plants and over time will be able to notice and
observe the plants as they change and start losing leaves and branches as they die off and re-
grow new life form in replacement. This growth and life cycle provides hope to patients who are
in the process of growing themselves, mentally and physically. Perforated shelves allow excess
water to make its way down the shelves, feeding each of the different plants. Left over water is
stored in a water reservoir at the bottom. When the plants need watering, the water is pumped up
through tubes and sprinkled down from the top. Each plant has a unique scent, which is captured
through the vents located on the inner tube structure. The scent is moved up through the tube
systems and can be dispersed throughout the honeycomb ceiling over the patient when desired.
The flexibility of this system allows different patients to have different scents delivered to them as
they please. Growing lights are also located on the sides of the glass enclosure to make up for
the lack of direct sunlight due to their interior location.

Figure 52: Components of Vertical Garden

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The Vertical Gardens are dispersed throughout the Ayurvedic center, mimicking a forest of trees.
Depending on where patients are seated, they can view vertical gardens that are both close and
far. The gardens are visually stimulating, as well as actively working through the scents they give
off from the variety of plants they contain. These scents are carried throughout the honeycomb
ceiling to each patient, as desired. The gardens are self-contained systems that allow patients to
interact with them. The patients can touch, move, or water plants by opening the glass doors. The
glass capsule visually connects the gardens to the patients, while also enclosing the plants to
avoid dirt or unwanted scents from reaching those who may be slightly sensitive.
5.4.2 WILE WALL:
“Wile” is a noun which means to trick or fool, trap
or entice. As traditional drugs such as morphine
are potentially harmful and addictive, plants can
replace the need for drugs by encouraging the
body to release certain chemicals in the brain to
augment healing. Different plants release
different chemicals and can be very effective in
terms of making a person feel calmer, alert, less
claustrophobic, less aggressive, fatigued, more
awake, or boost the immune system, depending
on the specific scent and plant. The Wile Wall
encourages both flexibility in the plant and scent
selection that each patient is exposed to and
offers a stimulating element to focus on while Figure 53: wile wall
undergoing treatment.
The Wile Wall introduces natural plants into the treatment space, contained within a wall hosting
multiple compartments for different plants. Sliders allow patients and center’s staff to close or
open the compartments to the treatment space, allowing the scent from the intended plants to be
drawn out of the wall and into the area where the patient is situated. The multiple compartments
allow for flexibility for a variety of plants to be available for treatment. Plants could include
peppermint, which helps fight fatigue, lavender, which acts as a sedative, rosemary, which helps
with alertness and jasmine, which has a scent that is very calming.
5.4.2.1 ELEMENTS IN WILE WALL:
The following pages examine elements used in the Wile Wall as well as the scents that could be
used in the wall itself are described below:
a) Glass screens: Sliding glass screens operate to either expose plant fragrances in the Wile
Wall into the treatment area or to block the scent from each individual compartment. When
the lavender compartments are “open,” the peppermint compartments are “closed,” and
vice versa.
b) Wile Wall: The wall houses various types of plants that each give off a fragrance that
directly has an effect on the brain’s chemical processes to produce an effect in the body
to aid in the comfort and healing process taking place.
c) Lavender: 50% of the plant matter in the Wile Wall is lavender. Lavender has been known
to act as a sedative showing relaxing effects by slowing reactions, reducing attention, and
impairing working memory. A study conducted by Dr. Mark Moss found that residents in a

37
 Japanese nursing home who wore a lavender skin patch suffered fewer falls. Researchers
speculate that lavender has a stabilizing effect on balance.
d) Glass: Transparent glass covers water, allowing a visual connection through to the water
and the color produced by the light.
e) Peppermint: 50% of the plant matter in the Wile Wall is peppermint. Peppermint has been
known to help fight driving fatigue, as found in a study by Dr. Bryan Raudenbush at
Wheeling Jesuit University.
f) Water: Water allows the light from the LED strips to pass through and create a natural
reflection on the wall. The water also carries the color of the light to project onto the wall
surface. As water drains through plant material and empties into the trough below,
reflections of these ripples are projected onto the wall and ceiling.

5.4.3 LABYRINTH:
Labyrinths are tools for personal, psychological
and spiritual transformation, also thought to
enhance right-brain activity. In a labyrinth, you
follow a curving pathway that winds to a center.
It is not a maze, which has false paths and dead
ends. A healing pathway which can help feel the
relaxation response. Labyrinths have become
increasingly popular in healthcare settings like
hospitals, outpatient clinics, hospices, and elder
care facilities. A labyrinth is sometimes
erroneously referred to as a maze, which
consists of a complex system of pathways Figure 54 Labyrinth
between tall hedges, with the purpose of getting
people lost. The aim of a maze is playful diversion,
whereas the aim of the labyrinth is to offer the user a walking path of quiet reflection.

Labyrinths are immediately recognizable as contemplative spaces that encourage silent walking
and meditation. Like “Zen gardens,” they symbolize peace and relaxation. They are usually easy
to install and, unlike planting beds, require very little maintenance. However, most labyrinths are
paved and according to many research studies, people prefer less paving and more plants in
healing gardens. A labyrinth is an ancient symbol of wholeness. The imagery of the circle and
spiral combine into a meandering but purposeful journey. The Labyrinth represents a journey or
path to our own center and back again out into the world.

The classical labyrinth consists of a continuous path that winds in

circles into a center and out again. This basic form dates from antiquity
and is intended for contemplative walking. The classical labyrinth
consists of 11, 7, or 5 concentric circles. The path of the 11-circuit
labyrinth is 860-feet long and thus should not be considered for a
healthcare garden. Walking that far would likely tax the energy of
patients or the time of visitors or staff. The 7- or 5-circuit labyrinth is
more appropriate, both in terms of the length of the path and in terms
of the space it claims.

Figure 55 7-Circuit Classical Labyrinth

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5.2.4 SENSORY PATHWAY:

A sensory pathway is a colorful, creative, and playful way

for human being to improve motor planning, fundamental
motor skills, and build stronger sensory connections in
the brain that are responsible for sight, touch, sound,
balance, proprioception etc. Jumping, spinning,
stomping, etc. are a few of the multitude of activities that
can be included in a sensory path. The sensory gardens
improve physical fitness, health, mood and cognition.
Gardening and plant care help children develop gross Figure 56 Sensory Pathways
and fine motor skills. Time outdoors, breathing fresh air, and
being exposed to sunlight are extremely beneficial to the children's overall physical health.
Their main pleasure is their therapeutic effect. We all like to go to the countryside, take off the
shoes and enjoy the feel of freedom. With sensory gardens the same thing can be done in the
heart of a big city: here you can walk barefoot on pebbles, sand, and tree bark, touch the flowers
and breathe in their magical aromas. You can even take care about the plants growing here. And
neat and tidy visitors can always wash their feet on a wooden path after a walk. Other cognitive
and learning skills that will benefit from the Sensory Corridors include:

• Attention and concentration.

• Regulation of attention, behavior and emotions.
• Visual sequential and Auditory sequential memory skills.
• Working memory skills.
5.2.5 HEALING PAVILION:
"Healing Pavilion," works both to draw attention
to the space while distracting visitors from
thoughts of illness. In this way, it functions as an
ingenious take on public space; although visitors
can inhabit the structure alone, the idea is not to
privatize the experience of dealing with difficult
times, but rather to transform them into
something of shared aesthetic worth and value.
Ball Nogues Studio first initiated the idea of a Figure 57 Healing Pavilion
healing pavilion in a garden of LA hospital. The
‘healing pavilion’ is a structure that provides shade and seating within the new garden of a los
Angeles hospital. The pavilion was created using 2,793 linear feet of 2-inch diameter mild steel
tube. By virtue of its numerous tubes, overlapping segments, and overall shape that appears
narrow from one vantage point and thick and bulky from another, the resulting structure constantly
reacts to its environment. During the day, elaborate networks of shadows form on the sidewalks,
while at night the light from illuminated benches and walkways interacts with the steel to produce
fascinating, quasi-illusory forms. It's a perfect setting to inspire the imagination of an exhausted
loved one who needs rejuvenation after a grueling day of dealing with illness.

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6. MEDICINAL PLANTS:
Medicinal plants can be defined as the plants that possess therapeutic properties or exert
beneficial pharmacological effect on the human or animal body. Medicinal plants are generally
known and popular for a number of health benefits such as decreasing of blood pressure,
prevention of cardiovascular diseases, or reducing the risk of cancer also due to their antioxidant
activity. Medicinal plants provide major source of molecules with medicinal properties due to
presence of natural compounds. Medicinal plants are useful for curing human diseases and play
an important role in healing due to presence of phytochemical constituents. Treatment with
medicinal plants is considered very safe as there is no or minimal side effects. These remedies
are in sync with nature, which is the biggest advantage. The golden fact is that, use of herbal
treatments is independent of any age groups and genders.

Importance of some herbs with their medicinal values are described below:

• Herbs such as black pepper, cinnamon, myrrh, aloe, sandalwood, ginseng, red clover,
burdock, bayberry, and safflower are used to heal wounds, sores and boils.
• Basil, Fennel, Chives, Cilantro, Apple Mint, Thyme, Golden Oregano, Variegated Lemon
Balm, Rosemary, Variegated Sage are some important medicinal herbs and can be
planted in kitchen garden. These herbs are easy to grow, look good, taste and smell
amazing and many of them are magnets for bees and butterflies.
• Many herbs are used as blood purifiers to alter or change a long-standing condition by
eliminating the metabolic toxins. These are also known as 'blood cleansers'. Certain herbs
improve the immunity of the person, thereby reducing conditions such as fever.
• Some herbs are also having antibiotic properties. Turmeric is useful in inhibiting the growth
of germs, harmful microbes and bacteria. Turmeric is widely used as a home remedy to
heal cut and wounds.
• Sandalwood and Cinnamon are great astringents apart from being aromatic. Sandalwood
is especially used in arresting the discharge of blood, mucus etc.
• Some herbs are used to neutralize the acid produced by the stomach. Herbs such as
marshmallow root and leaf. They serve as antacids. The healthy gastric acid needed for
proper digestion is retained by such herbs.
• Indian sages were known to have remedies from plants which act against poisons from
animals and snake bites.
• Herbs such as Chamomile, Calamus, Ajwain, Basil, Cardamom, Chrysanthemum,
Coriander, Fennel, Peppermint and Spearmint, Cinnamon, Ginger and Turmeric are
helpful in promoting good blood circulation. Therefore, they are used as cardiac
stimulants.

40
 • Certain medicinal herbs have disinfectant property, which destroys disease causing
germs. They also inhibit the growth of pathogenic microbes that cause communicable
diseases.
• Herbal medicine practitioners recommend calmative herbs, which provide a soothing
effect to the body. They are often used as sedatives.
• Certain aromatic plants such as Aloe, Golden seal, Barberry and Chirayata are used as
mild tonics. The bitter taste of such plants reduces toxins in blood. They are helpful in
destroying infection as well.
• Certain herbs are used as stimulants to increase the activity of a system or an organ, for
example herbs like Cayenne (Lal Mirch, Myrrh, Camphor and Guggul.
• A wide variety of herbs including Giloe, Golden seal, Aloe and Barberry are used as
tonics. They can also be nutritive and rejuvenate a healthy as well as diseased individual.
• Honey, turmeric, marshmallow and liquorice can effectively treat a fresh cut and wound.
They are termed as vulnerary herbs.

Some medicinal plants which are used in wile walls, vertical gardens and for the treatment of the
patients are as follows:

Figure 58 Some Medicinal plants which can be used in Wile wall and Vertical garden

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7. CASE STUDIES:

7.1 SWASWARA:
Swaswara is a eco-friendly retreat center which is
located at OM Beach near Gokarna (Karnataka,
India) over 26 acres of beach front green hillock.
The concept of Swaswara is a retreat
conceptualized to give an opportunity to guests to
go back to their mind, body and soul. Four core
offerings of the retreat are Yoga & Meditation,
Ayurveda, Painting & Sculpting and Cuisine. The Figure 60 Swaswara
atmosphere of Swaswara atmosphere is very
informal and engages guests in a variety of endeavors and causes. The facilities provided in the
center are Ayurveda Treatment, Yoga Hall, Library, Book Store, Swimming Pool, Restaurant,
Beauty Therapy.

Figure 59 Swaswara Master Figure 61 Bubble Diagram

Plan

7.1.1 FACILITIES PROVIDED IN SWASWARA:

1. Waste reduction and management: Minimum use of papers is seen in the retreat center.
Recycled paper is used to make ornaments, origami Kitchen waste: Raw and cooked food
waste generated from restaurants and staff mess is added to the biogas plant. The by-
product Methane is used for cooking in the staff mess and the slurry by-product is used
as manure. Solid waste is segregated daily into various categories and sent out for
recycling on monthly basis. 100% of wastewater generated is used for the purpose of
gardening after going through an anaerobic wastewater treatment plant.

Figure 63 Coconut shells used as skirting Figure 62 Paper reused to make

around the tree ornaments

42
2. Water conservation practices: Use of banana leaves in staff mess saves up to 4000 liters
of water /day. The rain water is collected in the lakes as well as throughout the built up
area of the property using porous gravel pits which partially filter the water and empty it
into the lakes for storage. This water is further treated with a sand and carbon filter before
consumption to make it potable.

Figure 65 Wastewater used in gardening Figure 64 Rainwater harvesting Lake

3. Architectural / constructional efficiency: Naturally lit and naturally ventilated areas provide
an elegant and eco-friendly solution to energy conservation. The restaurant, library and
the meditation room at Swaswara are naturally lit and naturally ventilated. In keeping with
the eco-friendly theme, the Swaswara provides guest rooms that are naturally lit during
the day and naturally ventilated. The open-air guest bathrooms provide a unique
experience.

Figure 67 Natural lighting and ventilation Figure 66 Cross ventilation Section

4. Materials Used: As the retreat center is based on the concept of eco- friendly retreat so
the materials that are used in the center are also eco-friendly which doesn’t have any
harmful effect in the environment. The materials that are used is the local material that is
usually found in the area. The building material that is mostly used are Laterite (stone).
Red oxide is used in the pillars and floor which has a cooling effect. The roof that is used
is also eco-friendly and old construction techniques using thatched roof which provides
naturally lit and ventilated area.

Figure 69 Use of red oxide in wall and pillar Figure 68 Use of Laterite and thatched roof

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 7.2. SHREYAS RETREAT CENTER:
‘Shreyas Retreat’ is located in Bengaluru, India. It is a 20,000
Sq. ft spa block. Designed as a ‘Retreat within Retreat’, the
20,000 sq. ft spa block is a new ‘insert’ at the well-known Yoga
Retreat in India that offers spectacular layers of spaces and
experiences. The Architectural Vision is planned as a
sustainable model, focusing strongly on the connect of man in
Figure 70 Shreyas Retreat Center
the realm of nature.
7.2.1 CONCEPT OF THE RETREAT:
The main concept of the retreat center is the play of light and air. The blocks are placed in the
form of mudra used in the Yoga which is taken as a form of inspiration. The main block
disappears into the earth and is half submerged to connect to the isolating quality of the earth,
with the light and air movement planned from a series of sunken courts.

Hand Mudra

Ground floor plan First floor plan

Figure 71 Concept 1

Lighter structure in upper level

Sinking in half in Ground floor

Soft Landscape in Sunken

court

Figure 72 Concept 2

The approach to the main area slowly opens up a plethora of spaces

which are programmatically planned to suit the smooth spatial
transitions of the guests. The entire feel is organic with natural light
washing the exposed walls and ceilings with a spectacular play of
light and shadows. The spaces are further held together with a
strong design language of Hand crafted jaali screens, solid wood
doors and openings which merge the interior and exteriors, quite
literally. The Guest Lounge area opens up to a Central Court with Figure 73 Play of light and shadow
water body on one side, and to a Sunken Court on the other. Private
Consultation rooms are part of the main spaces, but are silently tucked away beside the water
body. The spa block is seen as a semi-detached sequence that utilizes the adaptive approach

44
with each unit fitted to the purpose it serves. Each spa room
(measuring up to 600 sqft) is positioned to offer spectacular views of
the site / surroundings, whilst concealing the guests from the outside
with local exposed brick jaali works as the shell.

Figure 74 Window to gain light

Figure 75 Natural Lighting

7.2.2MATERIALS USED:

The materials that are used in the retreat center is mainly to show the organic nature of the
building to connect men with its environment. The materials that are mainly used are Brick which
are used as jail to get light and for privacy matter in the yoga area, concrete, solid wood openings,
and kota stones.

Wooden openings

Kota stone

Brick used as jali

Figure 77 Use of courtyard to bring Figure 76 Building materials

exterior in interior space

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7.3. KAIRALI - AYURVEDIC VILLAGE:
Kairali was founded in the year 1989.
Kairali - The Ayurvedic Healing Village is
set amidst 50 acres of lush greenery in
Palakkad, Kerala, is a unique paradise
blending the comfort of a Luxury holiday
with total health orientation with 30
exclusive villas confronting to “VAASTU
SHASTRA”, each having a distinctive
design blending with its surroundings. Its
known to be rich in flora and fauna. The
area is filled with mountains, forests, and
fertile valleys, rivers and mountain
streams are rich in flora and fauna.
Moreover, the retreat offers an invigorating pollution-free environment where vegetarian food and
abstinence from alcohol and smoking is propagated. Enjoy the healing touch under the Ayurvedic
Health & Fitness programmes for weight loss, Arthritis & Spondylitis, Sinusitis & Migraine, Post
Pregnancy health, rejuvenation therapy to restore vigor & vitality, remove stress & strain, beauty
care & eye care etc. Herbs and trees matching your birth star are planted around your villa, which
have immense curative and restorative powers. Even the fragrant herb-laden breeze is a cure in
itself. The villas are allocated to you on the basis of your birth star.

Figure 78 Section Kairali

Figure 79 Bubble Diagram

7.3.1. ACCOMMODATION CATEGORIES AT THE RETREAT:

A. DELUXE VILLA: A Villa with serene surroundings. With
simplicity as the main focus, it makes you surrender to the
warmth of the place. A Deluxe Villa has all the basic
requirements of an Air-conditioner, Television, Telephone,
Bathtub and Hot & Cold Water along with basic bathroom
requirements. It truly satisfies all the requirements of a peaceful
and rejuvenating experience.
Figure 80 Deluxe Villa

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B. CLASSIC VILLA: Slightly bigger in space then Deluxe Villa
located around the stream flowing in the Retreat, a picture of
true tranquility. One is situated in the peaceful lap of nature. The
constant murmur of the water flowing helps one relax with the
amenities such as Air conditioner, Television, Telephone,
Bathtub and Hot & Cold Water along with basic bathroom
requirements. Being a little larger it has a small sit in area in the
room and with a little more luxury. Figure 81 Classic Villa

C. ROYAL VILLA: Considering its professionally designed

interiors, quality construction, high-class facilities & comfort-
laden amenities, the Royal Villa comes at a surprisingly
affordable price. A Royal Villa is an accommodation that takes
you into a real regal life-style where the interiors, facilities &
amenities make you feel like a true Royal.
Figure 82 Royal Villa

D. MAHARAJA SUITE: Maharaja in English means

“Emperor”. So as the name itself suggests it is the Villa of
supreme standard. It goes just a notch above the Royal Villa.
It has two separate rooms one with a King size bed. This is
truly built with luxury in mind and every little detail from the bed
covers to the beautiful sit-out in the Lawn around the Pool or
River. It is located very conveniently to all the retreats facilities.
Figure 83 Maharaja Villa

7.3.2. SPECIALITIES OF KAIRALI - THE AYURVEDIC HEALING VILLAGE, PALAKKAD:

It has 30 Villas to provide comfortable stay away for home. Some of their features are:
• All the villas are according to the Zodiac sign.
• Interior & Exterior of all the villas are different and based on Vastu Shastra (Indian Feng Sui).
• Astrology & Palmistry offered to all guests on request.
• A personal priest performs agnihotra and special prayers (poojas) like Ganapathi Homam,
Sudarsana Homam for spiritual rejuvenation.
• Only Ayurvedic Retreat where a daily schedule based on tradition is practiced.
• Rare & Unique Valambari Conch is placed in each villa to give positive vibrations to the body.
• Red Oxide is used in the floor of all villas. It has a natural cooling ability & follow the ayurvedic
principals.

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• Water body flows by the side of each room to bring energy and piece of mind.
• 600 coconut, 200 teak & 20 Mango trees are planted within the retreat to create a very serene
atmosphere.
• 100 % Vegetarian food is served at the Retreat
• Abstinence from Alcohol & Smoking is propagated.
• Ayurvedic Products & External oils used in our Treatment Centre are original and free from
harmful chemicals. These are prepared at our own units.
• The healing village even provide Workshops on Panchkarma, Yoga & Meditation, Cooking
classes etc. without any charges.
7.4. GENTLE TOUCH HEALING CENTRE:
The center provides holistic approach to treatment and is
located at Flitwich, Bedfordshire, UK. The total area of site
is 7-8 hectares. The center is designed by an architect Jon
Allen. The building is built amidst the natural environment
so that healing centers itself is as a part of landscape.
Vegetation, different healing gardens, pond are as apart of
the center. 7 healing rooms, 4 therapist room, Seminar
room, Library, Quiet room, Children room, Laboratories and
store are the facilities provided in the center. It is cost Figure 84 Gentle touch healing center
effective building with an attempt of energy conservation
within the building. The project intends to make the building ecofriendly by following methods:

• Electric- supplied by solar panels

• Lighting- by solar panels
• Heating- from the earth
• Water-by rain water

7.4.1 CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CENTER

The center has strong concept on the placement or siting of the building, its form, elevation as
well as structure of the building. There is the use of combination of three strong concepts which
is egg of life, concept of pyramid as healing, golden mean for proportionate building.

• Open space: encourage free energy movement

• Bagau: for good balance for healing rooms Open Space

• Pyramid: 6 sided to attract and enhance energy

• East entrance: encourages energy to enter center North direction

• Egg of life: relates to stem cells in essence of the creation of Bagau

life
Hexagon
• Hexagon: brings outer room shape in line with pyramid
• North direction: enhances energy within six-sided pyramid Pyramid

East entrance

Figure 85 concept

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The entry to the center is from E-W axis so it is easily visible where the healing rooms are placed
at the center surrounded by waiting area. There is proper circulation within the site with vehicular
access up to main entry with sufficient parking space. Hierarchy of space is maintained within the
center in a single complex. Private space surrounded by semi private and public spaces.
Reception and waiting area are directly visible from the entry axis. Staircase and lift is not directly
visible and has or show strong privacy. Consult room, treatment room at the rear part for privacy.
The space between healing room is used as store for reducing negative space. There is single
entry but there are no of exits and fire exit during hazards. The design is based with consideration
for wheel chair users with provision of wc, lift and wheel chair bay both inside and outside of the
center.

Figure 86 Hierachy of spaces

7.4.2 LANDSCAPE:
The outside area is provided with seating arrangements
and the center maze is the part of landscapes well as for
walking and healing purposes. The maze is planned
according to the labyrinth and the garden are used for
healing purpose where the external and
internal space is connected with covered
walkways all around the building space.
Plantation near pyramid roof is placed to maintain the head
height. Figure 87 Exterior space

7.4.3 USE OF PYRAMID SHAPE:

As pyramid can attract cosmic energy so pyramid shape
is used to cover healing rooms to balance the energy
inside. 6-sided pyramid is used for balancing heart chakra
for emotion related problems. The angle of pole of
pyramid is maintained at 42.1 degree and the copper is
placed at the apex. One third of the pyramid is under Figure 88 Use of pyramid shape
ground as most powerful place for healing is within one
third part of the height where storage area, staff changings and shower rooms in the basement.

7.4.4 MATERIALS USED:

Building is designed with the concept of ecofriendly and carbon neutral. There is maximum use
of natural light for healing rooms as well as lobby space through roof. Four side of pyramid has

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solar panels for lighting and healing. As it is based on eco- friendly
concept there is maximum use of natural, local building materials,
natural paints, finishes and fabrics waiting, reception.
7.5. MOKSHA AYURVEDA AND PANCHAKARMA CENTER:
The Moksha Ayurveda & Panchakarma Center (MAPC), founded
by a group of qualified and highly experienced Ayurveda Doctor,
Therapists, and management team, is the premier provider of
Ayurveda services. The center is located at Maitri marg, Lalitpur,
Nepal. The center is in the serene and quiet residential area. It is a
classical Panchakarma Centre facilitated to experience ‘Journey to
Figure 89 Moksha Ayurveda and
blissful health’. The center emphasizes on preservation and Panchakarma center
promotion of health on individual basis maintaining balance
between body, mind and spirit. The center facilities include rejuvenating therapies, quality
management, individual counseling, under hygienic environment intending to promote and
preserve health awareness. The facilities provided in the center are:
Ayurveda therapies, Panchakarma Treatments, Wellness and Rejuvenating treatments,
Trainings, counselling

Figure 90 Bubble Diagram of

moksha Center

The internal arrangement of the center is mainly concerned with provision of sun and proper
ventilation in the treatment areas. The Yoga hall and the counselling areas are placed according
to the proper solar axis. The kitchen area is placed at the outdoor area near the entry and parking
area which becomes easier to bring the food items into the center without passing through the
treatment, reception and counselling areas. The kitchen is connected with the main building with
the backdoor which is provided at the rear part of the main building. The staircase is in proximity
from the entry, counselling and entry areas. The counselling areas has a visual connection with
the outdoor garden and environment with placement of big windows which has a therapeutic effect
in the patient’s mind. The parking space is near to the kitchen and entry space which is not enough
to keep more than 4 cars.

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7.5.1 MATERIALS USED:

As the center is arranged according to the ease of the circulation between the spaces as the
center is not constructed for solely Center purpose but rather it was placed in the old residential
building. So, the materials that are used are mainly the bricks, concrete, tiles which are the typical
materials that are used in the residential building.

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8. FINDINGS:
As learned from literature, there exist several studies carried out on the design of an ayurvedic
center such that healing is aided by the various architectural elements employed such as light,
materials, landscaping, color, acoustic, etc. The space required for the yoga, meditation and
ayurvedic treatment areas are studied with the psychological effect of the different spaces in
human’s mind and body. An ideal healing space would incorporate many natural elements: trees,
soft ground cover absorbing noise, and natural light. Goals of an ayurvedic center include
balancing the emotions of those who come for treatment. Patients need to feel cared for yet, not
trapped, connected to people while also having their own personal space. Healing gardens have
many benefits, and when they cannot be incorporated into a design, plants, water and other
natural elements with restorative qualities can take their place. Plants (especially entire gardens)
reduce the feeling of isolation.
Light is extremely important in an ayurvedic center with proper glaze and intensity. Daily light
patterns affect the circadian rhythm, which is the body’s way of keeping track of day and night.
When a patient is in a healthcare ward where there are no windows and the lights are always on,
it is disorienting to the body, as it cannot tell when the cycle of day ends and night begins.
Prolonged time in environments such as these can lead to depression which compromises the
immune system. Sunlight is extremely important for the body. In addition to helping stabilize the
circadian rhythm within the body, the body also needs vitamin D which is absorbed through the
skin and helps promote bone formation, aids the immune systems, and boosts one’s mood.
In addition to providing patients with proper light, it is extremely important that they feel
comfortable which often translates into having enough privacy. Single occupancy rooms have
many positive effects on people’s psychological, mental, and physical health. Private rooms
reduce unwanted noise and provide an environment that patients have more control over.
Some findings from case studies are described below:
Swaswara is a retreat centre whose goal was to create an eco-friendly environment with proper
waste management, water conservation and rain water harvesting. The retreat center provides a
unique experience of wellness vacation and treatment. The elements used in the centre are the
use of laterite stone which is native material, thatched roofs, red oxide in wall, cross ventilation
and pillar and use of water in front of all building which provides cool air and a healing effect in
people.
Shreyas Retreat Centre is a recovery centre for experiencing different therapies, massage from
different world and for yoga and meditation. The entire feel is organic with natural light washing
the exposed walls and ceilings with a spectacular play of light and shadows. Material: Hand
crafted Jaali screen, solid wood openings, Brick and concrete, kota stone
The Kairali Village is a retreat centre which is based on Vastu Shastra. Villas are allocated on the
basis of our birth star. The elements used are use of rare & unique valambari conch placed in
each villa to give positive vibrations to the body, red oxide used in the floor for natural cooling,
flow of water around villa for calmness and serene atmosphere (600 coconut, 200 teak & 20
Mango trees) which helps to provide a calm surrounding which results in patient’s fast recovery.

52
The gentle touch healing center is based on the concept of providing healing services with energy
conservation and eco-friendly approaches. Main feature of the project are pyramid shape used
for healing purpose, hierarchy of spaces, consult rooms and treatment area are placed at the rear
end (for privacy), eco-friendly material, glasses and solar panels used to gain maximum sunlight
and light in the interior surfaces. The outdoor and indoor environment is connected by the covered
walkways.
Moksha Ayurveda and Panchakarma Center is based on providing ayurvedic services in Nepal
which is located in the serene and peaceful residential area. The main features of the project are
consultation room is visually connected to the outdoor garden and environment, serene quiet
residential area and house converted into Ayurvedic center.

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9. CONCLUSION:
Spaces have a great potential of having a positive impact on the psyche and emotions of people
and their relevance has more significance in the context of patients. It can be concluded that a
great amount of forethought and expertise is needed in conceptualizing and designing an
ayurvedic healing village. It requires a great deal of expertise in maintaining a good design
balance of the use of light, color, texture, and materials. Interior designers and architects need to
recognize how every design component can be explored as an opportunity for impacting the
health and well-being of the patients. Today, in the process to recover and heal faster, spaces
need to permit the patients to connect with their spirituality. It is considered as an important thread
of the treatment. The type of space or environment provided to people can help in fast recovery.

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 10. GREEN BUILDING DESIGN:
10.1 INTRODUCTION:

Green building is a building that reduces negative

impacts in its design, construction and creates healthy
living environment. A green building is an
environmentally sustainable building, designed,
constructed and operated to minimize the total
environmental impacts. Well-designed green
buildings will save money, increase comfort and
create healthier environments for people to live and
work, using improved indoor air quality, natural
daylight, and thermal comfort. Green buildings Figure 91 Green Building
preserve precious natural resources and improve our
quality of life. There are a number of features which
can make a building ‘green’. These include:

• Efficient use of energy, water and other resource

• Use of renewable energy, such as solar energy
• Pollution and waste reduction measures, and the enabling of re-use and recycling
• Good indoor environmental air quality
• Use of materials that are non-toxic, ethical and sustainable
• Consideration of the environment in design, construction and operation
• Consideration of the quality of life of occupants in design, construction and operation
• A design that enables adaptation to a changing environment

10.2 OBJECTIVES OF GREEN BUILDING:

• Address the comfort issues associated with building spaces without having to spend on
energy or minimize the use of non-renewable energy
• To reduce the adverse effect on the environment by addressing issues associated with
climate change – ‘adaptation & mitigation’
• Minimize resource consumption
• Climatic design

10.3. PRINCIPLE OF GREEN BUILDING:

There are six principles of green building and the objective is to optimize at least one of them:

• Design efficiency: This is the concept stage of sustainable building and has the largest
impact on cost and performance. It aims to minimize the environmental impact associated
with all life-cycle stages.
• Energy efficiency: Examples of approaches to reduce energy use incorporate insulating
walls, ceilings, and floors, and constructing highly efficient windows.
• Water efficiency: To minimize water consumption and safeguard water quality. Goal
should be to lessen waste water by employing items such as ultra-low flush toilets and
low-flow shower heads.
• Materials efficiency: To minimize environmental impact, facilities should use materials with
low embodied energy.

55
 • Indoor air quality: Lessen volatile organic compounds and provide adequate ventilation by
picking construction supplies and interior finish goods with low-zero emissions. This will
vastly boost a building’s indoor air high quality.
• Waste reduction: It is probable to reuse resources. What may well be waste to us may
have another benefit to something else, like grey water that can be changed into fertilizer.
Grey water is wastewater from sources such as dishwashers and washing machines
which can quickly be reused for purposes such as flushing toilets or power-washing decks.

10.4 CONCEPT OF GREEN BUILDING:

The main concept of green building is to increase the

efficiency with which buildings use energy, water and
materials and also to reduce building impacts of human
health and the environment, through better site selection,
design, construction, operation, maintenance, and removal
throughout the complete life cycle. The other concept of
green building is described below:

1. Develop design plans for the building itself: Consider

building orientation, sun shading, and thermal mass Figure 92 Concept of Green Building
properties (ability to hold heat) of materials, as well as the
color and reflectivity of walls and roof surfaces. The recommended practices for insulation and
heating and cooling systems are followed. Use The standard sizes to limit waste of materials and
energy Star windows or other high-performance window products are used. The design should
consider flexibility.

2. Orient and design building to site needs, climate and local conditions: Suitable landscaping and
plant materials that are tolerant of the soils, climate, and water availability at the building location
should be used. Drainage systems that allow water to drain from site without damaging building
should be designed.

3. Maximize the use of natural daylight: Light-colored interiors that will reflect light from windows
and skylights throughout the room should be considered and internal shading devices at windows
to make the most of daylight and energy-efficiency features should be used.

4. Investigate building materials: The environmental impact and energy use of various building
materials throughout their life cycle, include all steps involving raw materials, production process,
packaging, shipping, installation, use and disposal or reuse should be considered. Local and
natural materials should be used when possible. This helps the local economy as well as reduces
overall energy use. Information on environmental specifications, such as percentage of recycled
content, low volatile organic compound (VOC) requirements, and avoidance of toxic materials
must be looked.

5. Reuse existing materials, use fewer materials, and use building materials that are considered
to be environmentally friendly

6. Design for healthy indoor air quality: Building materials that are nontoxic, limiting the pollutants
that are brought into the building should be selected with adequate air exchange between inside
and outside air.

56
7. Set high lighting-efficiency standards: Interior lighting for good energy efficiency using ‘energy
star’ lamps and ballasts, task lighting and reduce ambient lighting should be used and other
options featuring smart controls, such as occupancy sensors and daylight dimming to reduce
energy use should be considered.

10.5 STRATEGIES OF GREEN BUILDING:

Various strategies for sustainable and green building are as follows:

1. Water conservation: Water efficient design should be one of the main goals of any project. As
water is one of the most essential part of human being and is used for every life purpose so it is
one of the duty of human being to conserve the water as much as possible. Some of the water
conservation methods that can be used in the thesis project is described below:

a. Rainwater harvesting: Rainwater harvesting is the technique of

collecting or accumulating and storing of rainwater for productive
purpose or beneficial use. Harvesting from a watershed and
conducted to ponds for storage can substantially increase available
water for garden irrigation, livestock, aquaculture and other
domestic needs. The water, which is circulating on earth in various
forms, may be harvested effectively at certain point.

Figure 93 Rain water harvesting

b. Grey water recycling: Greywater is gently used water from your

bathroom sinks, showers, tubs, and washing machines. It is not water
that has come into contact with feces, either from the toilet or from
washing diapers. Greywater may contain traces of dirt, food, grease,
hair, and certain household cleaning products. While greywater may
look “dirty,” it is a safe and even beneficial source of irrigation water
in a yard. Reusing greywater for irrigation reconnects urban residents
and our backyard gardens to the natural water cycle. The easiest way
to use greywater is to pipe it directly outside and use it to water
ornamental plants or fruit trees. Figure 94 Grey water Recycling

2. Photovoltaic panels: Solar electricity panels, also known as

photovoltaics (PV), capture the sun’s energy and convert it into
electricity that one can use in your home. By installing solar panels,
one can generate own renewable electricity. A solar PV panel
consists of many cells made from layers of semi-conducting
material, most commonly silicon. When light shines on this material,
a flow of electricity is created. The cells don’t need direct sunlight to Figure 95 Photovoltaic Panels
work and can even work on cloudy days. However, the stronger the
sunshine, the more electricity generated.

57
3. Sustainable building material: Sustainable building materials are those which are produced or
sourced locally. These materials are containing recycled & industrial waste materials and
byproducts. Sustainable materials have a lower impact on environment & are thermally efficient.
In building, environmentally-friendly materials (also known as green building materials) are those
in which, for their production, placing and maintenance, actions of low environmental impact have
been performed. Some of the example of sustainable materials are bamboo; wood; hemp; wool;
linen; straw; clay, stone, sand; concrete, brick, pre cast slabs.

Figure 98 Rammed earth Figure 97 Bamboo Figure 96 Thatched roof

4. Lighting and Ventilation: Every habitable room shall be furnished with sufficient number of
openings such as windows and ventilators affording effectual means of admission of light and air
by direct communication with the external air. Good ventilation conditions and natural light not
only contribute to their healing, but also help reduce the risk of contagion. Proper lighting and
ventilation help in reduction of energy efficiency as it helps in reduction of use of other elements
which increases in current and energy.

Figure 100 Adequate use of Natural Figure 99 Cross ventilation

Lighting

5. Native Landscaping plant: Native plants help the environment. They require much less
watering, fertilizer, and pesticides. In fact, they can prevent water run-off and improve air quality.
Native plants can help decrease pollution because they eliminate the need for mowers and other
equipment. Native plants can be used around homes and in gardens to create sustainable
landscapes. Native plants used as buffer strips along water margins slow runoff and absorb
nutrients. They are also self-sustaining, and they support wildlife including beneficial insects,
pollinators, and native birds.

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