12-Physical Science - Module I - Lesson

12- PHYSICAL SCIENCE – MODULE I – LESSON
FORMATION OF HEAVY ELEMENTS

Welcome to the Physical Science Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Formation of Heavier Elements!
This module will walk you through the beginning of everything. It focuses on
how some elements known today were formed same as when stars were born right
after the universe existed. You will be provided with activities such as filling out
graphic organizer, reading story board and illustrations which make you remember
the lesson. Make sure to answer first the pretest before going through this module
and the posttest at the end of the module.
The module consists of:
• Lesson 1 – Stellar Nucleosynthesis: Rise of the Stars!
The world where we live today is just a small part of our universe. In your
previous years, you have learned about the different theories of the origin of the
universe that eventually led to the formation of galaxies, solar system and other
heavenly bodies. This lesson will focus on one of those wonderful things
present in outer space, the stars. Although stars are millions of light
years away from us, we can still see them twinkling in the night sky. Let’s find
out how they emit light and what keeps them shining for a long time.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. explain stellar nucleosynthesis;
2. describe the different stages of life cycle of stars;
3. cite the different heavy elements formed in each stages of star cycle;
4. describe how heavier elements formed during stellar nucleosynthesis and
evolution
Well, this module will help you understand some of the important concepts about
stars. Are you ready? Let’s go! For the Pre Test , Choose the letter of the best answer
in each item and write it on a separate sheet of paper. For those in the digital platform
put your name on your answer sheet, then submit it to your respective google drive for
your section, for those having a printed platform have a separate paper as answer
sheets with names and signature of your parent, date submitted , then submit it to
your class adviser or submit them on the box provided by the subject teacher , which
is located at the front table in our old SHS Building ground floor.
1.Which of the following is the most accepted theory about the formation of the
universe that explains why it continues to expand?
a. big bang theory c. steady state theory
b. divine creation theory d. oscillating theory
2. Which of the following is not considered as light elements?
a. helium c. lithium
b. hydrogen d. iron
3. Which of the following is TRUE about nucleosynthesis?
a. It is the division of atomic particle
b. The combination of elements to form compound
c. It is the creation of everything including all matter in universe
d. It is the process of creating new atomic nuclei from pre-existing nuclei
4. Which process is responsible for the formation of light elements such as
Hydrogen and Helium?
a. big bang nucleosynthesis c. supernova nucleosynthesis.
b. stellar nucleosynthesis d. terrestrial nucleosynthesis
5. Which element is the lightest and at the same time the most abundant in
outer space?
a. hydrogen c. lithium
b. helium d. iron
6. How do heavier elements formed?
a. Though combustion c. Through nuclear fusion
b. Through nuclear fission d. Through nuclear synthesis
7. Which element can be formed when three atoms of helium are fused?
a. carbon c. oxygen
b. hydrogen d. silicon
8. Which of the following elements DOES NOT belong to the group?
a. beryllium c. iron
b. silicon d. oxygen
9. Which process is responsible for the formation of elements at the center of
star?
a. big bang nucleosynthesis c. stellar nucleosynthesis
b. nuclear fusion d. supernova nucleosynthesis
10. How Elements heavier than iron are formed?
a. big bang nucleosynthesis c. stellar nucleosynthesis
b. solar nucleosynthesis d. supernova nucleosynthesis
11. Which element will be formed when Carbon atom is combined with Helium
atom?
a. magnesium c. oxygen
b. neon d. silicon
12. Why do average stars have longer life span than massive star?
a. They have less fuel to burn c. They burn their fuel at faster rate
b. They have more fuel to burn d. They burn their fuel at slower rate
13. Which phase of star life cycle is our sun?
a. main sequence star c. red giant
b. planetary nebula d. white dwarf
14. Which of the following contains only heavy elements?
a. carbon, lithium, neon
b. carbon, silicon, magnesium
c. carbon, beryllium, helium
d. helium, carbon, hydrogen
15. In which stage do massive stars explode and release large amount of
energy?
a. main sequence
b. protostar
c. super nova
d. white dwarf
Stellar Nucleosynthesis
The word “stellar” means star and the formation of elements in the center of the
star is called stellar nucleosynthesis. Carl Sagan said that “We are made of star
stuff.” What did he mean by that? If we know how some important heavy
elements
were formed same as stars, that maybe a clue.
Label the sequence of star life cycle. Use the hints/clues found in the table
below
this diagram.
ACTIVITY -1 Name the stages of development in star life cycle correspond to the number.
Star Life Cycle
Average Star
1. The star is unable to generate heat when it runs out of hydrogen in its core leading
to its contraction and expansion. It cools down and glows red. The Helium fused into
Carbon.
The star is now RED GIANT
2. Red giant star becomes exhausted of nuclear fuel, the outer material is blown off
into space leaving the inert Carbon. The remnant is known as WHITE DWARF.
3. Giant cloud of gas and dust known as NEBULA.
4. It is formed from nebula due to the gravity that pulled Hydrogen gas together until
it spins faster and faster and becomes ignited. A PROTOSTAR rises.
5. MAIN SEQUENCE STAR starts to form when nuclear fusion occurs at the core
of the star, it begins to contract, glow and\ become stable. Hydrogen is converted into
Helium.
6. This is said to be the remain of the white dwarf that cooled down and no longer
emits light and heat. The hypothetical BLACK DWARF.
Massive star
1. It is believed that a NEUTRON STAR is formed from supernova explosion. This
is also the smallest star
2. Explosion of star or SUPERNOVA releases large amount of energy . Because of
that, elements are dispersed into the space.
3. BLACK HOLE is a region in space where gravity is too strong that no matter can
escape from it.
4. A more massive main sequence star evolves, cools and expands faster than low
mass star and will turn into RED SUPER GIANT star, the largest known star.
Carbon fusion still occurs and
Oxygen formed.
As for our Performance Task No.1, You have to watch a video about the “ ENTIRE
HISTORY ABOUT THE UNIVERSE which I attached the source where you will find it, (You
tube.com/watch?v=C2Ebp7IsPW4 ).Write an essay about it , regarding your perspective
about the universe before and after watching the video presented.Submission of these
three outputs will be on or before March 9, 2022.

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12- PHYSICAL SCIENCE – MODULE I – LESSON

FORMATION OF HEAVY ELEMENTS

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