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    The Columnar To Equiaxed Transition in Solidification

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    Foley Omoniyi
    This document discusses the columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET) that can occur during metal solidification. CET refers to a change in grain morphology from columnar dendrites to equiaxed dendrites. CET is typically considered a defect during casting but is also important in welding and additive manufacturing. Different morphologies have advantages and disadvantages depending on the application. The transition from columnar to equiaxed grains occurs due to solutal undercooling ahead of the columnar dendrite tip, which allows equiaxed nuclei to form and potentially block further columnar growth.

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    The Columnar To Equiaxed Transition in Solidification

    Uploaded by

    Foley Omoniyi
    34 views8 pages
    This document discusses the columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET) that can occur during metal solidification. CET refers to a change in grain morphology from columnar dendrites to equiaxed dendrites. CET is typically considered a defect during casting but is also important in welding and additive manufacturing. Different morphologies have advantages and disadvantages depending on the application. The transition from columnar to equiaxed grains occurs due to solutal undercooling ahead of the columnar dendrite tip, which allows equiaxed nuclei to form and potentially block further columnar growth.

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    AMP_Slides_Lecture16

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    This document discusses the columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET) that can occur during metal solidification. CET refers to a change in grain morphology from columnar dendrites to equiaxed dendrites. CET is typically considered a defect during casting but is also important in welding and additive manufacturing. Different morphologies have advantages and disadvantages depending on the application. The transition from columnar to equiaxed grains occurs due to solutal undercooling ahead of the columnar dendrite tip, which allows equiaxed nuclei to form and potentially block further columnar growth.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    34 views8 pages

    The Columnar To Equiaxed Transition in Solidification

    Uploaded by

    Foley Omoniyi
    This document discusses the columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET) that can occur during metal solidification. CET refers to a change in grain morphology from columnar dendrites to equiaxed dendrites. CET is typically considered a defect during casting but is also important in welding and additive manufacturing. Different morphologies have advantages and disadvantages depending on the application. The transition from columnar to equiaxed grains occurs due to solutal undercooling ahead of the columnar dendrite tip, which allows equiaxed nuclei to form and potentially block further columnar growth.

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    The Columnar to Equiaxed Transition

    in Solidification

    David Browne
    Phase Transformation Research Group
    School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering
    University College Dublin

    The Columnar-Equiaxed Transition 1


    Advanced Materials Processing
    Modes of Metal Solidification

    Pure Metal Alloy


    Columnar √ √
    Equiaxed √ √

    liquid

    solid

    Columnar (directional) Equiaxed (non-directional)


    constrained unconstrained or free
    Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition (CET)

    Grain morphology refers to the shape characteristics of individual


    grains

    Cast/solidified components are typically required to have a single


    morphology throughout the entire macrostructure.

    Several different morphologies may be present in a single


    Columnar turbine
    component, depending on alloy and process parameters – most blade
    importantly, CET

    CET can be considered a defect during casting, and thus is the


    subject of continued study and investigation.

    It is also important in metal alloy welding and additive manufacturing.

    Fine equiaxed
    grained aluminium
    engine block
    Mechanical and Materials Engineering - Semester I
    Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition (CET)

    Different morphologies have different


    associated advantages as well as
    disadvantages, depending on application
    Columnar Equiaxed
    Columnar turbine
    High toughness, blade
    ductility, and
    High temperature
    Advantage isotropic
    creep resistance
    mechanical
    strength

    Anisotropic Low resistance to


    Disadvantage mechanical creep at high
    strength temperatures

    Fine equiaxed
    grained aluminium
    engine block
    Mechanical and Materials Engineering - Semester II
    Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition (CET)

    CET

    Equiaxed
    Dendrites

    Chill
    H.B. Dong and P.D. Lee, Acta
    Crystals Mater. 53 (2005) 659-668.

    Columnar
    Dendrites CET

    Fully Columnar Fully Equiaxed Columnar-to-


    Morphology Morphology Equiaxed Transition
    Mechanical and Materials Engineering - Semester I
    Al-5%Si
    Superheat 100oC
    Mould preheat 400oC

    Al-10%Si
    Superheat 150oC
    Mould preheat 200oC

    The Columnar-Equiaxed Transition 6


    Advanced Materials Processing
    The Columnar-Equiaxed Transition (CET)
    For an alloy, assume the solid/liquid interface is dendritic. The “growth” undercooling is critical:
    DT = TL – T*
    liquidus temperature of growing s/l interface,
    temperature or dendrite tip.

    DT is mostly due to solutal (or constitutional) effects, i.e. for a pure metal there is very little undercooling
    DT (and we can even achieve planar growth). But for alloys DT can be significant, and we usually get
    columnar dendrites during directional solidification.

    Directional
    solidification

    Let us now look at the detail of the leading


    edge (tip) of one such dendrite:

    7
    The Columnar-Equiaxed Transition (CET)

    solutal gradient

    For low G, we get a large undercooled


    region, in which equiaxed nuclei can
    grow, which may possibly block columnar
    growth, leading to CET.

    T* is the tip temperature

    DT(z) is solutal undercooling

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