ARJUN DAHIYA(18001007005) 1

Professional Training Report

Submitted to:
Mr.Dinesh kr. Atal
Asstt. Professor
Department of Biomedical Engineering
In Partial Fulfilment of The Requirements For
The Degree of Bachelor of Technology
(Biomedical Engineering).
Submitted By:
ARJUN DAHIYA
Roll no.-18001007005
B.tech(BME)
5th Semester/3rd Year

ARJUN DAHIYA(18001007005) 2

TABLE OF CONTENT
S.NO TITLE PAGE NO.
1. CERTIFICATE OF TRAINING 3
2. CERTIFICATE 4
3. DECLARATION 5
4. ACKNOWLEDGMET 6
5. ABOUT INTERNSHALA 7
6. WHAT IS PYTHON? 8
7. HISTORY OF PYTHON 9
8. INSTALLATION OF PYTHON 10-12
9. SALIENT FEATURES OF PYTHON 13-16
10. KEYWORD IN PYTHON 16-17
11. SCOPE OF PYTHON 18
12. TYPE OF OPERATOR IN PYTHON 18
13. VARIABLE IN PYTHON 18-19
14. DATATYPE IN PYTHON 19-28
15 Pandas in Python 29
16 What is Artificial Intelligence 30-31
17 Who is an Artificial Intelligence Engineer 32-40
18 Machine learning 41-42
19 How machine learning works 43
20 Career in artificial intelligence 43-46

 ARJUN DAHIYA(18001007005) 3

ARJUN DAHIYA(18001007005) 4

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that ARJUN DAHIYA bearing Roll no-18001007005 has

completed his Professional training under our guidance and supervision.
This report is record of the candidate own work carried out by him under my
supervision. I certify that the matter embodied in this report is original and
has been not submitted anywhere for reward of any other degree.

Internal supervisor External supervisor

Mr.Dinesh kr. Atal Internshala
Asstt. Professor
BME dept.

ARJUN DAHIYA(18001007005) 5

DECLARATION

I hearby declare that the work embodied in this Professional training report
was carried by me under the supervision of Mr.Dinesh kr. Atal(Internal
supervisor),DCRUST , Murthal .This work has not been submitted in part
or in full in any other university for any degree.

(ARJUN DAHIYA)

ARJUN DAHIYA(18001007005) 6

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all those who provided me the
possibility to complete this report. It is with deepest sense of gratitude and reverence
that I express my indebtedness to Internshala who granted to do online six week
training on their website. I take privilege to express my sincere thanks and gratitude to
my internal supervisor Mr. Dinesh kr. Atal who gave me guidance, constructive
criticism, and valuable suggestions. I, feel honoured to have him as my mentor. My
deep and sincere gratefulness is due to Internshala who readily and cheerfully
extended every help required from the beginning till the end of this work. The support
of family and friends are worth mentioning.
I am thankful to all the Teachers of BME dept, DCRUST , Murthal and Internshala
without their support and blessings, this report would not have been possible.

ARJUN DAHIYA
18001007005
Biomedical Engineering

 ARJUN DAHIYA(18001007005) 7

ABOUT INTERNSHALA

INTERNSHALA is India's largest Internship and training platform with more than four
lakh Practical listing every year all across streams. Founded in 2010, by a team of IIT
and NIT alumni.
INTERNSHALA helps students to find internships in more than 40,000 organisations
that use the platform to hire intern.
Internshala is a Gurgaon-based web venture providing internship resources and
career services to students and employers.

The site offers Internship searching and posting, and other career services such as
counselling, cover-letter writing, resume building and training programs to students.

ARJUN DAHIYA(18001007005) 8

WHAT IS PYTHON?

Python is an interpreted, high-level and general-purpose

programming language. Created by Guido van Rossum and first
released in 1991, Python's design philosophy emphasises code
readability with its notable use of significant whitespace.
Its language constructs and object-oriented approach aim to
help programmers write clear, logical code for small and large-
scale projects.

Python is dynamically typed and garbage-collected. It supports

multiple programming paradigms,
including structured (particularly, procedural), object-oriented,
and functional programming. Python is often described as a
"batteries included" language due to its
comprehensive standard library.

HISTORY OF PYTHON
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ARJUN DAHIYA(18001007005) 9

Python was conceived in the late 1980s by Guido van

Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in
the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired
by SETL), capable of exception handling and interfacing with
the Amoeba operating system. Its implementation began in
December 1989. Van Rossum shouldered sole responsibility for the
project, as the lead developer, until 12 July 2018, when he
announced his "permanent vacation" from his responsibilities as
Python's Benevolent Dictator For Life, a title the Python community
bestowed upon him to reflect his long-term commitment as the
project's chief decision-maker. He now shares his leadership as a
member of a five-person steering council. In January 2019, active
Python core developers elected Brett Cannon, Nick Coghlan, Barry
Warsaw, Carol Willing and Van Rossum to a five-member "Steering
Council" to lead the project. Guido van Rossum has since then
withdrawn his nomination for the 2020 Steering council.

Installation of Python on:

Linux
Using the Package Manager 9

 ARJUN DAHIYA(18001007005) 10
1. If you are using Ubuntu Linux, at the command prompt type:
$ sudo apt-get install python3
2. If you are using Fedora, at the command prompt type:
$ sudo yum install python3
3. The most recent version of Python 3 will be downloaded and installed. To
verify the installation, type:
$ Python
The Python prompt (>>>) will appear.
From source
You can install Python from its source code if you want to really customize the binary
by setting certain options or flags during the build process.
1. Download the source from
https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.2/Python-3.6.2rc1.tgz
2. Type the following commands to extract and install Python from its
source:
$sudo tar xzf python-3.6.2.tar.xz
$./configure
$sudo make install
3. To verify the installation, in the terminal type:
$ Python3
4.The Python prompt (>>>) will appear.

Mac OS X Using a wizard-based installer

1. Go to the Python website,
https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.2/python-3.6.2-macosx10.6.pkg
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and download the required version.

ARJUN DAHIYA(18001007005) 11
2. Run the downloaded file and follow the instructions in the installation
wizard.
Using Home brew
Home brew is a package manager that lets you install, update, and uninstall packages
from the command line on the Mac OS.
1. Home brew depends on Apple’s Xcode package, so run the following command to
install Xcode first:
$ Xcode select --install
2. Next, install Home brew by following the instructions on their website, https://
brew.sh/
3. After installing Home brew, from the prompt in the terminal type the following
command to install Python.
$ brew install python3
4. To verify the installation, type:
$ Python3
The Python prompt (>>>) will appear.

Other platforms
You can install Python for other platforms such as MS-DOS, OS2 or Solaris from the
Python website, https://www.python.org/download/other/
Alternative Python implementations
The standard distribution of Python (available on python.org) is developed in C
Language and is often called CPython. This recommended standard is tweaked to
optimise its performance for specific applications. These implementations combine
ease of development of Python and rich libraries of other platforms such as .net or
Java. Some such alternative implementations are:
● l IronPython (Python running on .NET framework. Developed in C#)
● l Jython (Developed in Java. Python running on the Java Virtual Machine.
Capable
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ARJUN DAHIYA(18001007005) 12
of using rich Java library in Python program)
● l PyPy (A fast python implementation with a JIT compiler)
● l Stackless Python (Branch of CPython supporting microthreads)
● l MicroPython (Python running on micro controllers)
Commercial distributions of Python
While community versions are open source and intended to use on as is basis,
commercial versions of Python ensure guarantee of service and maintenance of the
products. Also, when modules and packages are installed from repositories, it may
lead to version conflict in a community version. However, commercial versions
ensure that the distribution is self-contained and without compatibility issues. Some of
the commercial distributions of Python include:
● l ActiveState ActivePython (commercial and community versions, including
scientific computing modules)
● l pythonxy (Scientific-oriented Python Distribution based on Qt and Spyder)
● l winpython (WinPython is a portable scientific Python distribution for Windows)
● l Enthought Canopy (a commercial distribution for scientific computing)
● l PyIMSL Studio (a commercial distribution for numerical analysis )
● l Anaconda Python (a full Python distribution for data management, analysis and
visualization of large data sets)

Salient Features of Python

Let us take a closer look at some of the salient features of Python.
1. Enhanced readability
In Python, uniform indents are used to delimit blocks of statements instead of curly
brackets like in C, C++ and Java.
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This enhances readability.

 ARJUN DAHIYA(18001007005) 13
In C, C++, Java
if (X%2==0)
{
if (x%3==0)
System.out.println("divisible by 2 and 3");
else
System.out.println("divisible by 2 not divisible by 3");
}
else
{
if (x%3==0)
System.out.println("divisible by 3 not divisible by 2");
else
System.out.println("not divisible by 3 nor by 2");
}
In Python
if num%2 == 0:
if num%3 == 0:
print ("Divisible by 3 and 2")
else:
print ("Divisible by 2 not divisible by 3")
else:
if num%3 == 0:
print ("Divisible by 3 not divisible by 2")
else:
print ("Not divisible by 3 nor by 2")

2. Dynamic typing 13

 ARJUN DAHIYA(18001007005) 14
In Python, a variable to be used in a program need not have prior declaration of its
name and type. You will learn details about variables in the next module.
Java is statically typed
String var;
// Variable is explicitly
declared.
var=”Hello”;
var=1234; // Not allowed because the
variable has been declared as a String.
Python is dynamically typed
var=”Hello” # Variable is NOT explicitly
declared.
var=1234 # Allowed although variable
was initially String type

3. Interpreted language
Python is an interpreter-based language. An interpreter executes one instruction at a
time. So if there is an error on line 7 of the code, it will execute instructions till line 6
and then stop. This is unlike a compiler which will not execute any of the instructions
even if there is a single error. Thus, an interpreter is useful if you are new to
programming because it allows you to see partial output of your code and identify the
error location more easily.
Java program (Compiled)
//This program will not display any of the
phrases as there is an error on line 7.
1 public class test
2{
3 public static void main(String args[])
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 ARJUN DAHIYA(18001007005) 15
4 {
5 System.out.println("Welcome to");
6 System.out.println("Python training program");
7 System.out.println(From Internshala);
8 }
9}
Python program (Interpreted)
#This program will display two
phrases but not the third phrase as
there is an error in line 3.
print ("welcome to")
print ("Python training program from")
print (Internshala)4. Extensible language
Python extension modules implement new built-in object types and can call C
libraries and system calls which Python doesn’t have direct access to.

5. Standard DB2 API

A standard data connectivity API facilitates using data sources such as Oracle,
MySQL and SQLite as a backend to a Python program for storage, retrieval and
processing of data.
6. GUI programming
Standard distribution of Python contains Tkinter GUI kit, which is an implementation
of the popular GUI library called Tcl/Tk. An attractive GUI can be constructed using
Tkinter. Many other GUI libraries like Qt, GTK, WxWidgets etc. are also ported to
Python.
7. Embeddable
Python can be integrated with other popular programming technologies such as C,
C++, Java, ActiveX and CORBA.15

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Keywords in Python
'False'
'elif'
'lambda'
'None'
'else'
'nonlocal'
'True'
'except'
'not'
'and'
'finally'
'or'
'as'
'for'
'pass'
'assert'
'from'
'raise'
'break'
'global'
'return'
'class'
'if'
'try'
'continue' 16

 ARJUN DAHIYA(18001007005) 17
'import'
'while'
'def'
'in'
'with'
'del'
'is'
'yield'

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ARJUN DAHIYA(18001007005) 18

SCOPE OF PYTHON
Python has consistently ranked in the top ten most popular programming languages in
the TIOBE Programming Community Index where, as of February 2020, it is the
third most popular language (behind Java, and C). It was selected Programming
Language of the Year in 2007, 2010, and 2018.
Large organisations that use Python include Wikipedia, Google,
Yahoo!, CERN, NASA, Facebook, Amazon, Instagram, Spotify and some smaller
entities like ILM and ITA. The social news networking site Reddit is written entirely in
Python.

TYPES OF OPERATORS IN PYTHON

Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.
Python divides the operators in the following groups:
Arithmetic operators
Assignment operators
Comparison operators
Logical operators
Identity operators( is, not is)
Membership operators( in, not in)
Bitwise operators

VARIABLES IN PYTHON
What are variables in python?
A python variable is a reserved memory location to store values. This means that when
you create a variable you reserve some space in memory.
Every value in python has a datatype.
Variables can be declared by any name or even alphabets like a, aa, abc, etc.

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Python Data Types

Data Types in Python
The built-in data types in Python are displayed below.

Numeric
Any representation of data which has numeric value. Python identifies three types of
numbers – integer, float and complex number.

We have three numeric data types – integer, float and complex. Let’s see how we can
use arithmetic operators on these data objects.

Addition Operator for Addition, +

Adds the operands on either side of the operator.

Example 1
>>> a=21
>>> b=10
>>> c=a+b 19

 ARJUN DAHIYA(18001007005) 20
>>> c
31
Example 2
>>> a=-21
>>> b=10
>>> c=a+b
>>> c
-11

Subtraction Operator for Subtraction, -

Subtracts the operand on the right from the operand on the left.
Example 1
>>> a=21
>>> b=10
>>> c=a-b
>>> c
11
Example 2
>>> a=-21
>>> b=10
>>> c=a-b
>>> c
-31

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Multiplication Operator for Multiplication, *

Multiplies values on either side of the operator.Example 1

>>> a=21
>>> b=10
>>> c=a*b
>>> c
210
Example 2
>>> a= -21
>>> b=10
>>> c=a*b
>>> c
-210

Division Operator for Division, /

Divides left hand operand by right hand operand.

Example 1
>>> a=21
Example 2
>>> a= -21>>> b=10
>>> c=a/b
>>> c
2.1
>>> b=10
>>> c=a/b 21

 ARJUN DAHIYA(18001007005) 22
>>> c
-2.1

Modulus Operator for Modulus, %

Returns the remainder of division of the operand on the left by the operand on the right
of the operator.
Example 1
>>> a=21
>>> b=10
>>> c=a%b
Example 2
>>> a= -21
>>> b=10
>>> c=a%b>>> c
1
>>> c
9

Note: In Python, the modulus is calculated towards negative infinity. Thus, 21%10 is 1
because the closest
multiple of 10 towards negative infinity is 20. But -21%10 is 9 because the closest
multiple of 10 towards
negative infinity is -30 and -30+9 is -21.

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Exponent Operator for Exponent, **

Calculates the value of the operand on the left raised to operand on the right of the
operator.Example 1
>>> a=4
>>> b=3
>>> c=a**b
>>> c
64
Example 2
>>> a=-4
>>> b=3
>>> c=a**b
>>> c
-64

Floor division Operator for Floor Division, //

Returns the quotient in which the digits after the decimal point are removed. But if one
of the operands is negative, the result is floored, i.e.,
rounded away from zero (towards negative infinity).
Example 1
Example 2>>> a=9
>>> b=5
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 ARJUN DAHIYA(18001007005) 24
>>> c=a//b
>>> c
1
Explanation: 9/5 = 1.8. So the floor division result
removes the 8 and returns 1.
>>> a=-9
>>> b=5
>>> c=a//b
>>> c
-2
Explanation: -9/5 = -1.8. However, the floor division rounds
this away from 0 and makes it -2

Integer
Positive and negative whole numbers.

Examples: 1234, -234, 0x46 (hexadecimal number), 0O123 (octal number))

Note: In C and related programming languages such as Python, a hexadecimal
number is prefixed with 0x and an octal number is prefixed with 0O.

Float
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 ARJUN DAHIYA(18001007005) 25
Real numbers with a floating point representation in which the fractional component is
denoted by a decimal or scientific notation

Examples: -55.550, 0.005, 1.32E10 (scientific notation))

Complex number
A number with a real and imaginary component is represented as a + bj inPython
where a and b are floats and j = √-1

Examples: 4+6j, -2.3+6.4jNote: The common mathematical representation of a

complex
number uses a +bi with i being the imaginary part. But in
electronics j is used because i already represent current and
the next letter after i is j.

Boolean
Any representation of data which has two values denoted by True and False.

Sequence
An ordered collection of similar or different data types. The built-in Sequence data
types in Python are – String, List and Tuple.

String
A collection of one or more characters put in single, double or triple quotes.

Examples: ‘Hello’, "Hello", "'Hello'", """Hello"""

List
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ARJUN DAHIYA(18001007005) 26
An ordered collection of one or more data items, not necessarily of same type, put in
square brackets.

Examples: [1,"Ravi",75.50, True]

Tuple
An ordered collection of one or more data items, not necessarily of same type put in
parentheses. The contents of a tuple cannot be modified – it is immutable - after the
tuple is created.

Examples: (1,"Ravi", 75.50, True)

Dictionary
An unordered collection of data in key:value pair form. Collection of such pairs is
enclosed in curly brackets.

Example: {1:"Superman", 2:"Wonder Woman", 3:"Thor", 4: "Hulk", 5:"Black Widow"}

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Summary of Python 3's built-in type
Type Mutability Description Syntax examples

True
bool immutable Boolean value
False
bytearray(b'Some ASCII')
Sequence of
bytearray mutable bytearray(b"Some ASCII")
bytes
bytearray([119, 105, 107, 105])
b'Some ASCII'
Sequence of
bytes immutable b"Some ASCII"
bytes
bytes([119, 105, 107, 105])
Complex
number with
complex immutable real and 3+2.7j
imaginary
parts
Associative
array (or
dictionary) of
key and value
pairs; can
{'key1': 1.0, 3: False}
dict mutable contain mixed
{}
types (keys
and values),
keys must be
a hashable
type

An ellipsis
placeholder to
...
ellipsisa immutable be used as an
Ellipsis
index in
NumPy arrays

Double
precision
floating point
number. The
precision is
machine
dependent but
float immutable in practice is 1.414
generally
implemented
as a 64-bit
IEEE 754
number with
53 bits of
precision[89]
27
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ARJUN DAHIYA(18001007005) 28
Unordered
set, contains
no duplicates;
frozenset immutable frozenset([4.0, 'string', True])
can contain
mixed types, if
hashable

Integer of
int immutable unlimited 42
magnitude[90]

List, can
[4.0, 'string', True]
list mutable contain mixed
[]
types
An object
representing
the absence
NoneTypea immutable of a value, None
often called
null in other
languages
A placeholder
that can be
returned from
overloaded
NotImplementedType
immutable operators to NotImplemented
a
indicate
unsupported
operand
types.
A Sequence
of numbers
commonly
used for
range(1, 10)
range immutable looping
range(10, -5, -2)
specific
number of
times in for
loops[91]
Unordered
set, contains
no duplicates; {4.0, 'string', True}
set mutable
can contain set()
mixed types, if
hashable
A character 'Wikipedia'
string: "Wikipedia"
str immutable sequence of """Spanning
Unicode multiple
codepoints lines"""
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ARJUN DAHIYA(18001007005) 29
(4.0, 'string', True)
Can contain
tuple immutable ('single element',)
mixed types
()

What is Panda in Python?

In computer programming, pandas is a software library written for the
Python programming language for data manipulation and analysis. In
particular, it offers data structures and operations for manipulating
numerical tables and time series. It is free software released under the
three-clause BSD license.

Key Features of Pandas

• Fast and efficient DataFrame object with default and customized
indexing.
• Tools for loading data into in-memory data objects from different file
formats.
• Data alignment and integrated handling of missing data.
• Reshaping and pivoting of date sets.
• Label-based slicing, indexing and subsetting of large data sets.
• Columns from a data structure can be deleted or inserted.
• Group by data for aggregation and transformations.
• High performance merging and joining of data.
• Time Series functionality.

Pandas deals with the following three data structures −

• Series
• DataFrame
• Panel
These data structures are built on top of Numpy array, which means they
are fast.

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What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

Artificial Intelligence is the ability of machines to seemingly think

like humans or take decisions on their own. AI is demonstrated
when a task, that was formerly performed by a person and which
required the ability to learn, reason and solve problems, can be
done by a machine. This can be explained with a prime example of
an autonomous vehicle. The vehicle can gather information about
its surroundings and make appropriate decisions in order to safely
reach its destination without any human intervention. Combining
technologies along with Big Data and the Internet of Things (IoT)
are resulting in a fast growth of AI. Machines communicate with one
another and are now capable of perception at a very high level,
being able to capture millions of data points in seconds and
capable of processing the information and making decisions, all in a
matter of seconds is a reality today. With AI evolving constantly,
machines will have more capability to act physically relying on their
intelligence. This will eventually lead to better machines that can
build improved versions of themselves.

Ever since computers were invented, there has been an exponential growth
in their ability and potential to perform various tasks. In order to use
computers across diverse working domains, humans have developed
computer systems while increasing their speed, and reducing size with
respect to time.
Artificial Intelligence pursues the stream of developing the computers or
machines to be as intelligent as humans themselves. In this article we will
scrape the top layer about the concepts of artificial intelligence that will help
understand related concepts like Artificial Neural Networks, Natural
Language Processing, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Genetic
algorithms etc. Along with this, we will also learn about its implementation in
Python. 30

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What Courses to choose in Arti cial Intelligence

In order to master the eld of Arti cial Intelligence (ai systems) and machine
learning algorithms one has to understand computer science, natural
language processing, python code, math, psychology, neuroscience, data
science, machine learning and many other elds. Start with an introductory
course in AI that will give you an overview of the eld. The course will
update you on the AI research and developments to date. Apart from this,
you can also avail hands-on experience with the AI programming of
intelligent agents like search algorithms, games and logic problems. Once
you’ve done this, you will learn about examples of AI applications today like
self-driving cars, facial recognition systems, military drones and natural
language processors
For those who are willing to venture further, the courses in Data Science,
Robotics and Machine Intelligence course  will prove to be helpful. Start
with learning the fundamentals of robotics and how robots operate,
including representation of 2D and 3D spatial relationships, manipulation of
robotic arms and end to end planning of AI robot systems. In Machine
learning, you can explore unsupervised learning techniques related to data
modelling and analysis inclusive of data clustering, computer vision,
reinforcement learning, problem solving, machine learning algorithms,
image recognition, data mining, speech recognition matrix factorisation and
sequential models for order-dependent data , etc
If you are just building up interest, we would highly recommend you to start
with Arti cial Technology and get an overview of this emerging eld of
technology. In case you are unfamiliar with basic computer science and
programming, it will help to consider learning Python, R or other
programming languages which are commonly used in data analysis

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Who is an Artificial Intelligence Engineer?

An artificial intelligence engineer works with algorithms, neural networks,
and other tools to advance the field of artificial intelligence in some way.
These professionals may work on various types of artificial intelligence in
different industries, for example
• Healthcare
• Retail

An Artificial Intelligence engineer is someone who works on artificial

intelligence problems or technologies. Engineers may also choose between
projects involving weak or strong artificial intelligence, where different
setups focus on different capabilities. That’s a topic for another discussion.
Now there are many ways one could reach there. So, let’s see how to
become an Artificial Intelligence Engineer.
How to Become an Arti cial Intelligence Enginee
1. Now, if we start from the Basics, one needs to earn a Bachelor’s
Degree  rst. It can be from either of the following areas or Subjects
• Computer Scienc
• Mathematic
• Information Technolog
• Statistic
• Financ
• Economic

2. The next step is to ne-tune your Technical Skills. An important thing to

note here is that in order to become an AI Engineer one not only needs to
b e g o o d a t p r o g r a m32 m i n g b u t a l s o g o o d a t S o f t w a r e
 

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 ARJUN DAHIYA(18001007005) 33
Development  techniques and practices. They need to be knowledgeable
both theoretically and practically about the following topics
• Software Development Life Cycl
• Modularity, OOPS, Classe
• Design Pattern
• Statistics and Mathematic
• Machine Learnin
• Deep Learning & Neural Network
• Electronics, Robotics, and Instrumentation (Not a Mandate

3. Apart from technical Skills there are also must have Business Skills one
must possess while planning on How to Become a Successful Arti cial
Intelligence Engineer. Some of these skills include
• Analytic Problem-Solvin
• Effective Communicatio
• Creative Thinkin
• Industry Knowledg

4. Now, these skills can either be achieved through practice or by opting for
a Master’s Degree. As AI is a newly emerging topic in today’s world, a lot of
recent discoveries and research is going on which can be useful for your
thesis. Going for a Master’s Degree in Data Science, Machine Learning or
Computer Science is advised
Another Option is to go for Industry Certi cations for Machine Learning,
Deep Learning or Data Science. This will add a lot of value to your resume
and will help you get in-depth knowledge of topics both theoretically and
practically. Which will, in turn, help you get an edge over other competitors

Skills Require
In the roadmap of How to Become an Arti cial Intelligence Engineer, we saw
some Technical and Business Skills required. Let’s have a closer look at
those skills. Starting with Technical Skills
Technical Skill
• Programming Languages (R/Java/Python/C++)
One needs to be good at programming languages and not only that it’s
important to have a solid understanding of classes and data structures
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Sometimes Python won’t be enough. Often you’ll encounter projects that

need to leverage hardware for speed improvements. Make sure you’re
familiar with basic algorithms, as well as classes, memory management,
and linking

• Linear Algebra/Calculus/Statistics
You’ll need to be intimately familiar with matrices, vectors, and matrix
multiplication. If you have an understanding of derivatives and integrals, you
should be in the clear. Statistics is going to come up a lot

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At least make sure you’re familiar with Gaussian distributions, means, and
standard deviations. You need to have a rm understanding of Probability to
understand models lik
• Naive Bayes
• Gaussian Mixture Models an
• Hidden Markov Model

• Applied Math and Algorithms

Having a rm understanding of algorithm theory and knowing how the
algorithm works are very important. You will need to understand subjects
such as Gradient Descent, Convex Optimization, Lagrange, Quadratic
Programming, Partial Differential equation, and Summations

All this math might seem intimidating at rst if you’ve been away from it for a
while. Yes, Machine Learning and Arti cial Intelligence is much more math-
intensive than something like front-end development

• Language, Audio and Video Processing

Natural Language Processing combines two of the major areas of work ie.
Linguistics and Computer Science and chances are at some point you’re
going to work with either text or audio or video

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So it’s necessary to have good control over libraries like Gensim, NLTK, and
techniques like word2vec, Sentimental Analysis, and Summarization

• Neural Network Architectures

We need Machine Learning for tasks that are too complex for humans to
code directly, i.e. tasks that are
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networks have been by far the most accurate way of approaching many
problems, like Translation, Speech Recognition, and Image Classi cation,
which plays a very important role in the AI department

Apart from these Technical Skills, there are certain Non-Technical skills or
Business Skills that are also reqiired to become one Successful AI Engineer.
So, let’s continue this How to Become an Arti cial Intelligence Engineer
article to understand what exactly do I mean by Non-Technical Skills

Business/Non-Technical Skill

• Communication

You’ll need to explain ML and AI concepts to people with little to no

expertise in the eld. You might also need to learn from electrical and
robotics people. Communication is going to make all of this much easier

• Creative and Critical Thinking

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AI Engineers must look at the numbers, trends, and data and come to new
conclusions based on the ndings. Questioning established business
practices and brainstorming new approaches to AI

Whether you look at the rise of AI will excitement or trepidation, the robots
are here to stay in one form or another. Combining this new technology with
the strongest traits of the uniquely human mind offers a world of potential
that has yet to be fully explored

• Rapid Prototyping

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Iterating on ideas as quickly as possible is mandatory for nding one that
works. In machine learning, this applies to everything from picking the right
model, to working on projects such as A/B testing. You need to do a group
of techniques used to quickly fabricate a scale model of a physical part or
assembly using three-dimensional computer-aided design, especially while
working with 3D models

• Industry Knowledge
The most successful Arti cial Intelligence projects out there are going to be
those that address real pain points. Whichever industry you’re working for.
You should know how that industry works and what will be bene cial for the
business

If an Arti cial Intelligence Engineer does not have business acumen and the
know-how of the elements that make up a successful business model, all
those technical skills cannot be channeled productively

Now, with these Skills, one can surely land a Job as an Arti cial Intelligence
Engineer, but once you are working you need to also know what exactly
you’ll be doing in the day to day life. So here are the key Roles and
Responsibilities of an AI Engineer
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Roles and Responsibilitie

Depending upon their Level of Expertise AI Engineers in general

• Study and transform Data Science Prototype
• Research and Implement Appropriate ML algorithms and AI tool
• Develop Machine Learning Applications according to Requirement
• Working with Electric Engineers and Robotics Tea
• Select appropriate Datasets and Data Representation Method
• Run Machine Learning / AI Tests and Experiment
• Train and retrain systems When Necessar
• Keep Abreast of Developments in the Fiel

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Machine Learning
Machine learning (ML) is a type of artificial intelligence (AI) that allows
software applications to become more accurate at predicting outcomes
without being explicitly programmed to do so. Machine
learning algorithms use historical data as input to predict new output values.
Recommendation engines are a common use case for machine learning.
Other popular uses include fraud detection, spam filtering, malware threat
detection, business process automation (BPA) and predictive maintenance.
Types of machine learning
Classical machine learning is often categorised by how an algorithm learns
to become more accurate in its predictions. There are four basic
approaches: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised
learning and reinforcement learning. The type of algorithm a data scientist
chooses to use depends on what type of data they want to predict.
• Supervised learning. In this type of machine learning, data scientists
supply algorithms with labeled training data and define the variables
they want the algorithm to assess for correlations. Both the input and
the output of the algorithm is specified.
• Unsupervised learning. This type of machine learning involves
algorithms that train on unlabelled data. The algorithm scans through
data sets looking for any meaningful connection. Both the data
algorithms train on and the predictions or recommendations they
output are predetermined.
• Semi-supervised learning. This approach to machine learning
involves a mix of the two preceding types. Data scientists may feed an
algorithm mostly labeled training data, but the model is free to explore
the data on its own and develop its own understanding of the data set.
• Reinforcement learning. Reinforcement learning is typically used to
teach a machine to complete a multi-step process for which there are
clearly defined rules. Data scientists program an algorithm to complete
a task and give it positive or negative cues as it works out how to
complete a task. But for the most part, the algorithm decides on its own
what steps to take along the way.

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Machine learning and deep learning are sub elds

of A
As a whole, artificial intelligence contains many subfields, including:
• Machine learning automates analytical model building. It uses
methods from neural networks, statistics, operations research and
physics to find hidden insights in data without being explicitly
programmed where to look or what to conclude.
• A neural network is a kind of machine learning inspired by the
workings of the human brain. It’s a computing system made up of
interconnected units (like neurones) that processes information by
responding to external inputs, relaying information between each unit.
The process requires multiple passes at the data to find connections
and derive meaning from undefined data.
• Deep learning uses huge neural networks with many layers of
processing units, taking advantage of advances in computing power
and improved training techniques to learn complex patterns in large
amounts of data. Common applications include image and speech
recognition.
• Computer vision relies on pattern recognition and deep learning to
recognise what’s in a picture or video. When machines can process,
analyse and understand images, they can capture images or videos in
real time and interpret their surroundings.
• Natural language processing is the ability of computers to analyse,
understand and generate human language, including speech. The next
stage of NLP is natural language interaction, which allows humans to
communicate with computers using normal, everyday language to
perform tasks.
While machine learning is based on the idea that machines should be able
to learn and adapt through experience, AI refers to a broader idea where
machines can execute tasks "smartly."
Artificial Intelligence applies machine learning, deep learning and other
techniques to solve actual problems.

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How ML Works

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Career Opportunities with Ai &Ml with

Python :

So what are the options in front of you when you complete your Python learning? Here
are a few job roles that you can fill:
Python developer:
This is one of the most direct jobs that you can expect to land after acquiring this skill.
The stats that we shared in the last section clearly tell you that you will always have
open Python developer positions to fill. What does a Python developer do? Here are a
few key responsibilities:
1. Build websites
2. Resolve problems related to data analytics
3. Write codes that are both reusable and efficient
4. Optimise data algorithms
5. Implement data protection and security

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Data analyst:
This is a very interesting opportunity. It is especially for those who like working with
huge amounts of data and finding meaning in that data. This is again a very popular job
role. There are many companies that are looking for people who can work with the
large sets of data that they have access to. These companies are looking for people
skilled in Python because Pandas, SciPy, and other Python libraries come in very
handy in accomplishing this task. No wonder more and more companies are looking for
data analysts with experience in python to fill open positions.

Product manager:
Product managers have a very important role to play when it comes to helping
businesses to understand the market and why building one product will be better than
building another. They study the market, research for new features related to a
particular product or category, and advocate the building of certain products with facts.
Data is a very important part of the work they do. This is why most companies today
are looking for product managers that are skilled in python.

Machine learning engineer:

If you don’t already know, then let us tell you that the job postings for this position
have increased by more than 330% in the last couple of years. If you are skilled in
python, you will be given preference over other candidates. A machine learning
engineer builds and trains machines, programs, and other computer-based systems to
apply their learned knowledge for making predictions. Python’s ability to work with data
automation and algorithms makes it the ideal programming language that can be used
in machine learning.

In today’s world, careers in arti cial intelligence (AI) are growing at an

exponential rate in order to meet the demands of industries that are
transforming digitally. The truth is, there are plenty of jobs in arti cial
intelligence, however there’s a shortage of technical talent who have the
necessary skills
As per the job site Indeed, the demand for AI skills has doubled in the last
three years, with a signi cant hike in the number of job postings by 119
percent. However, it also showed that the number of people applying for
this job segment has declined . If you are planning to invest your time in
mastering this eld, we would say this is the best time to start
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The eld of machine learning and arti cial intelligence requires experience
with multiple programming languages including Java, C, Python Training ,
R, JavaScript and SQL and experience in data science serves as a big
plus. Some of the top job positions out there in the industry include Arti cial
Intelligence Engineer, AI Project Manager, Researcher and Arti cial
Intelligence Consultant with top companies like Amazon, Google, Apple and
IBM constantly scouting for talent

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