Outcomes Preintermediate SB

Second Edition
Outcomes pre-INTERMEDIATE
Student’s Book
Dellar Walkley
Includes
A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
CEFR correlation:
Outcomes Pre-intermediate is for students who are
Online
around level A2 and want to progress towards B1. Resources
PRE-INTERMEDIATE Hugh Dellar

Student’s Book Andrew Walkley
PRE-INTERMEDIATE HUGH DELLAR
STUDENT’S BOOK ANDREW WALKLEY
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IN THIS UNIT YOU LEARN HOW TO:
1 JOBS • ask and answer common questions about jobs

• talk about what you’re doing at work at the
moment
• talk about arrangements and appointments
• recognise and use collocations
• describe what different jobs involve
page 6
2 SHOPS •
•
•
talk about shopping and things you buy
make and respond to compliments
talk about problems you can have with shopping
• offer help
• compare places and products
• have conversations with shop assistants
page 14
VIDEO 1: A child’s garden of gators page 22 REVIEW 1: page 23 WRITING 1: Organising ideas page 150
3 GETTING THERE •
•
•
talk about buildings and places
ask for and give directions
tell stories better
• apologise for being late
• talk about different ways of travelling
• describe problems you can have on journeys
page 24
4 EAT •
•
•
describe restaurants and meals
discuss where and what to eat
talk about your experiences
• understand menus and explain dishes
• ask and answer questions in a restaurant
• talk about typical foods and eating habits
page 32
VIDEO 2: Forbidden fruit page 40 REVIEW 2: page 41 WRITING 2: Anecdotes page 152
5 RELAX •
•
•
talk about activities, places and equipment
introduce negative comments
make plans and arrange what to do
• talk about watching and doing different sports
• compare three or more things
• discuss relaxing and stressful experiences
page 42
6 FAMILY AND • describe people you know

• explain who people are – and which people you
mean
FRIENDS • ask and answer common questions

• discuss similarities and differences
• describe character and abilities
• discuss uses of social media and online habits
page 50
VIDEO 3: WOMAD page 58 REVIEW 3: page 59 WRITING 3: A personal profile page 154
7 YOUR PLACE •
•
•
explain where you are from
describe your town and area
ask useful questions when staying with people
• ask for permission to do things
• show guests round your house or apartment
page 60
8 EDUCATION •
•
•
describe your academic experiences
respond with surprise to negative sentences
talk about future situations
• talk about the education system in your country
• discuss cheating in education – and in other areas
of life
page 68
VIDEO 4: Fainting goats! page 76 REVIEW 4: page 77 WRITING 4: Describing places page 156
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GRAMMAR VOCABULARY READING LISTENING DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS
• Present simple and • Talking about jobs • There’s no money • Talking about work • Questions about jobs
present continuous • Understanding in it • Managing your time
• Present simple and vocabulary:
present continuous Collocations
for the future • Activities at work
• Past simple • Describing things you • Click to buy! • Talking about • Complimenting
• Comparatives bought shopping • Offering to help and
• Shopping online • Conversations in a responding
shop
• Past simple and past • Places in town • Lessons in life: how • Asking for directions • Giving directions
continuous • Travelling by plane not to miss flights • Travel news • Apologising for being late
• Quantifiers with • Transport
countable and
uncountable nouns
• Present perfect • Restaurants • Breakfast around the • Discussing where • Making and responding to
simple • Describing food world to eat suggestions
• too and not … • Choosing dishes from • Offers, requests, suggestions
enough a menu
• Plans and • Places and • There’s more to sport • Plans for the • Introducing negative comments
arrangements equipment than football weekend
• Superlatives • Sports and games • Why is football
• Understanding popular?
vocabulary: • Hobbies to help
Word families you relax
• Question formation • Family and friends • Online friends • Talking about people • Explaining who people are
• Similarities and • Character and habits • What kind of an • The family business
contrasts • Understanding online friend are you?
vocabulary: Words
with the same verb
and noun forms
• have to, don’t have • Describing places • My new home • Where are you from? • Explaining where places are
to, can and can’t • Where I live • Staying in someone’s • Asking for permission
• will / won’t • Staying with people home
• First conditionals • Stages of education • Cheating their way to • Comparing education • No?
• had to and could • Education systems the top systems
• Cheating
Contents 3
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9 MIND AND BODY •

•
•
describe common illnesses and their symptoms
give advice and understand medical advice
ask and answer common questions about illness
• give instructions
• understand instructions on medicines
page 78
10 PLACES TO STAY •
•
•
describe places you stayed in
book somewhere to stay
apologise for bad news
• explain and deal with problems in hotels
• talk about imagined situations
• talk about past habits
page 86
VIDEO 5: The future of a village page 94 REVIEW 5: page 95 WRITING 5: Postcards page 158
11 SCIENCE AND •
•
•
talk about the weather
discuss and respond to news stories
talk about animals
NATURE •
•
•
tell better stories
talk about scientists and research
understand newspaper headlines
page 96
12 ON THE PHONE •
•
•
talk about different kinds of phones
give and take phone messages
ask for people and explain where people are
• work out the meaning of new words
• explain stories and report crimes
• report what people said
page 104
VIDEO 6: Memory man page 112 REVIEW 6: page 113 WRITING 6: Plans and schedules page 160
13 CULTURE •
•
•
describe different kinds of films
say what you have heard about things
talk about how things make you feel
• talk about the film industry and culture
• discuss your favourite music, books or films
• ask how long people have been doing things
page 114
14 STUFF • talk about common household objects

• explain where things are in a house
• describe things, people and places that you don’t
know the names of
• talk about food shopping
• discuss some environmental issues
• talk about suitable gifts
page 122
VIDEO 7: Oxford page 130 REVIEW 7: page 131 WRITING 7: Complaints page 162
15 MONEY •
•
•
talk about the economy
use time phrases to say when things happen
compare prices
• talk about money issues and problems
• say different kinds of numbers
page 132
16 EVENTS • describe different kinds of parties and events

• ask and answer linked questions
• explain major historical events in a country’s
history
• say different dates
• talk about special days in your life
page 140
VIDEO 8: Columbus and the New World page 148 REVIEW 8: page 149 WRITING 8: Invitations page 164
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GRAMMAR VOCABULARY READING LISTENING DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS
• Giving advice • Illnesses and health • Mind over matter • How are you feeling? • Common questions about
• Imperatives problems • Health advice illness
• Understanding
vocabulary: Phrases
with mind and matter
• Parts of the body
• Second conditionals • Places to stay • Memories of • Hotel information • Apologising

• used to • Solving hotel childhood holidays • Credit card details
problems • A difficult hotel guest
• Past perfect simple • Science and nature in • Man’s best friends • Discussing the news • Responding to news and
• Passives the news • An animal experiment • Science phone-in comments
• Animals
• yet, already, still and • Using phones • It’s an emergency! • Telephone messages • Explaining where people are
just • Understanding • Problems after a
• Reporting speech vocabulary: Forming crime
negatives
• Reporting crimes
• Noun phrases • Films • Nollywood dreams • Discussing what film • supposed to

• Present perfect • Understanding to see
continuous vocabulary: • Talking about music,
-ed / -ing adjectives art and books
• Music, art and books
• Relative clauses • Things in the house • Rubbish food • New flatmates • Explaining where things are
• must / mustn’t • Containers • Fact file: rubbish • Memorable presents
• Understanding
vocabulary: Verbs
with two objects
• Time phrases and • The economy and • Will power • Quality of life • Comparing prices
tense quality of life • The reading of the
• Time clauses • Money verbs will
• Dealing with banks • Money problems
• Articles • Describing parties • Fact file: Britain • Talking about parties • Linked questions
• Verb patterns (-ing or and events • Around the world • Talking about a
infinitive with to) • Historical events in 300 words … special day
Kazakhstan
Grammar reference pages 166–185 Information files pages 186–191 Audio scripts pages 192–210
Contents 5
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1
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• ask and answer common questions about jobs
• talk about what you’re doing at work at the moment
• talk about arrangements and appointments
• recognise and use collocations
• describe what different jobs involve
SPEAKING
1 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
• Look at the photo. What job do you think this
person has?
• What do you think this person does during a
normal day at work?
• What do you think is good about this job?
• What do you think is bad about it?
• Can you think of three questions to ask this person
about their job?
2 Work with a new partner. Discuss the
questions.
• Do you work? If yes, what do you do? Do you enjoy
it? Why? / Why not?
• If not, what do you want do in the future?
JOBS
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Unit 1 Jobs 7
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WHAT DO YOU DO?
VOCABULARY Talking about jobs 4 Look at the sentence beginnings in bold in 1–6.
Match each sentence with a pair of alternative
1 Which of the jobs in the box can you see in the endings (a–f).
photos? Check you understand the other jobs.
1 I work in a local hospital.
actor nurse politician 2 I work late most nights.
engineer photographer sales manager 3 I work for Henning and Schmidt. It’s a big law firm.
journalist pilot scientist 4 I’m working on a project for my class.
lawyer police officer soldier
5 I’m doing work experience in a school at the moment.
6 I run my own company.
a a new product. / a new film.

PRONUNCIATION b a local paper. / myself.
2 1 Listen to the words in Exercise 1. Notice c a primary school. / the marketing department.
how the stress is stronger on one syllable than d nights. / very long hours.
on the others. Underline the stressed syllable e some research. / a training course.
in each word. Then listen again and repeat.
f a hotel. / my own studio.
actor
5 Work in pairs.
3 Work in groups. Discuss these questions. Student A: imagine you have a job in Exercise 1.
• Do you know anyone who does any of the jobs in Say something about the job using language from
Exercise 1? Exercise 4.
• Which of the jobs would you like to do? Why? Student B: guess the job.
• Are there any of these jobs you could never do?
Why not? Student A: if B is wrong, say another sentence
about the job.
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DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS 11
Work in pairs. Look at the rules 1–7. Decide which
are about the present simple (PS) and which are
about the present continuous (PC).
Questions about jobs 1 It describes temporary, unfinished actions.
We often use fixed questions to ask about different topics. 2 It describes something that is generally true.
At this point, it’s best to just learn the questions as whole 3 It’s often used with time phrases like at the moment,
sentences – and not to worry about their grammar. You this month and this week.
also need to learn some answers as well.
4 It’s often used with adverbs like always, usually,
sometimes and never.
6 Match the common questions about work (1–6)
5 The third person form ends in an -s.
with the answers (a–f).
6 Negatives are formed with am / is / are + not + -ing.
1 What do you do?
2 Where do you work? 7 Questions use do / does + the infinitive form of the
verb (without to).
3 How long have you worked there?
4 Do you enjoy it? Check your ideas on page 166 and do Exercise 1.
5 What are the hours like?
12
Complete the sentences with the correct form of
6 Do you get on with the people you work with?
the verbs. Use the present simple in one sentence
a Yeah, it’s good. Sometimes it’s a bit boring – like any and the present continuous in the other.
job – but basically it’s fine. 1 run
b A couple of years. I joined soon after university. a My parents a small family hotel.
c I’m a police officer.
b I the shop while my boss is on holiday.
d In the local police department in Lyon.
2 try
e Yeah, they’re nice. We often go out together after
work. a As a good businesswoman, I always to
give my customers what they want.
f Not great. I often work nights, so it’s hard. It makes
family life difficult. b He to get a job in TV, but it’s very
competitive.
7 Spend two minutes memorising the questions in
3 wait
Exercise 6. Then close your books. Work in pairs,
and see if you can remember all six questions. a I to hear if I get the job or not.
b I usually about an hour after eating
before doing any exercise.
LISTENING
4 do
8 Listen to two conversations about work.
2
a I’m very busy because I a course every
Which questions from Exercise 6 do they ask in night after work at the moment.
each conversation?
b We most of our business in the United
9 Listen again. Note down the answers to
2 States, so I travel a lot.
each question.
13
Work in groups. Discuss the questions. Use the
10
Work in groups. Discuss these questions. present continuous and present simple.
• Who do you think has the better job? Why? 1 What two or three things are you doing at the
• Could you work with people in your family? Why? / moment that are different to your normal habits?
Why not? I’m not eating chocolate. I’m trying to lose weight.
• Do you know anyone who travels a lot because of 2 What are you working on at the moment – at school
their job? What do they do? Are they happy? or in your job? Is it interesting?
We’re studying Business Law. It’s a bit boring.
GRAMMAR I’m helping to organise a conference. It’s good.
3 Is any construction work happening where you live?
They’re building new houses at the end of my street.
Present simple and present continuous
We generally use two structures to talk about the present For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 166.
– the present simple and the present continuous.
Present simple
CONVERSATION PRACTICE
I travel around quite a lot.
My father runs the company. 14
Think about how to answer the questions in
Exercise 6 for either your own job or for a job
I don’t really mind the travelling. you really want to do in the future.Then have
Present continuous conversations with other students in the class.
What are you studying?
1 To watch the video and do the activities, see the DVD-ROM.
I’m doing a Masters in Marketing.
They’re building a new sports stadium.
Unit 1 Jobs 9
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TIME MANAGEMENT
SPEAKING 2 Work in groups. Compare your answers to
Exercise 1 and discuss these questions.
1 Check you understand the words in bold in the
• Which are good things to do and which are bad?
sentences below. Decide if the sentences are Why?
true or false for you, and why.
• Who manages their time best in your group?
1 I am often late for things.
• Do you think you can learn to manage your time and
2 I often need to rush to get to places or to finish things. be more efficient? How?
3 I usually make a list of things I need to do during
the day.
LISTENING
4 I hardly ever do everything I plan to do in a day.
3 3 Listen to two conversations. The first is
5 I always do things which are a priority first.
between Martin and Tula, the second is between
6 I often delay doing things I don’t like doing. Rachel and her mum. Take notes on the work
7 I never write down any appointments or things I these people need to do this week.
arrange in a diary. 1 Martin 2 Tula 3 Rachel
8 I occasionally miss appointments because I forget I
have them. 4 Work in pairs and compare your ideas. Do you
think each speaker manages their time well?
9 I sometimes stay up late to finish things.
Why? / Why not?
10 If I’m finding something very difficult to do, I usually
take a break.
10
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5 3 Listen again and complete the sentences 9 Work in groups and explain your plans.
with three words in each space. Contractions Find out the following.
like don’t count as one word. • Who has a very busy week?
1 I’m trying to write something for marketing, but I’m • Who has a very quiet week?
.
• Who has a lot of social events this week?
2 Hey, , are you going to that training
session on Friday? • Who is doing something really interesting?
3 It said all have to attend. • What’s the main priority for each person this week?
4 It’s probably a then. • When can you all meet to do something?
5 I’m going. Can you do things for me? For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 167.
6 The washing machine’s on. the clothes
outside?
UNDERSTANDING VOCABULARY
7 You need to , my girl. You’re nineteen,
not a child!
8 Yeah, but you your work. And anyway,
you’re my mum.
Collocations
Collocations are two or more words that we often use
6 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. together. For example, on these pages you learned the
word appointment. In English, we make or arrange an
• Do you think either of the conversations could appointment and sometimes we miss an appointment
happen in your country? Why? / Why not? (we forget to go or we’re late); we have / have got an
• What do you think is good or bad about working in appointment with the dentist. Sometimes you can’t
an office? arrange to do something because you have a previous
appointment (one you made before).
• What things stop you from doing work?
Don’t learn just the word appointment. Try to learn some
• How much housework do you do? verbs, adjectives or phrases that usually go with the noun.
• How much time do you have to relax? What do you do? It’s a good idea to learn words together because:
• Do you think you have a good balance between - it can help you hear and read more quickly.
work and relaxation? Why? / Why not? - it’s easier to use the word correctly.
- you see more words more often – and remember more.
GRAMMAR
10
Complete each group of collocations with one
word from the box.
Present simple and present
continuous for the future contract interview job meeting
priority project staff training
We can use both the present simple and the present
continuous to talk about the future. 1 apply for a ~ / lose my ~ / have a well-paid ~ /
a part-time ~
7 Decide if these sentences refer to the future 2 employ part-time ~ / need more ~ / train the ~ /
or not. When do you think we use the present friendly and efficient ~
continuous to talk about the future, and when do 3 have a job ~ / the ~ went badly / a phone ~ / a hard ~
we use the present simple?
4 need more ~ / give ~ / attend staff ~ / get basic ~
1 I’m just answering some emails.
5 arrange a ~ / go to a ~ / have a staff ~ / a positive ~
2 I’m meeting a customer at twelve.
6 (not) be a ~ / make it a ~ / agree what the ~ is / my
3 I’m trying to watch this. main ~
4 I’m giving that presentation on Friday. 7 have (got) a temporary ~ / sign the ~ / my ~ ends /
5 Are you going to that training session tomorrow? agree a new ~
6 I’ve got an appointment with the dentist at one. 8 manage a ~ / work on a new ~ / a big ~ / launch a new ~
7 I’ve got a test tomorrow. 11
Work in pairs. Say one more collocation for each
8 I often need to rush to get to places or finish things. of the nouns in Exercise 10.
9 I need to leave at eight. 12
Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
I work all day and then do housework.
10 • Do you know anyone with a well-paid job?
Check your ideas on page 166 and do Exercise 1. • Do you know anywhere that needs more staff? Why?
• Do you think phone interviews are good? Why? /
8 Make a list of things to do each day this week. Why not?
Include the following.
• Do you know anyone who gives training? What in?
• any appointments and arrangements you have
• Do you ever go to meetings? What about?
• things you need to do at work or college
• Do you know anyone on a temporary contract?
• housework or other things you need to do
• plans you have to go anywhere
Unit 1 Jobs 11
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ALL WORK, NO PAY
SPEAKING VOCABULARY Activities at work
1 Work in pairs. Make a list of all the different 7 Complete the sentences with the present
kinds of work people do for no money. continuous form of the verbs in the boxes.
2 Compare your list with another pair. Then advise do negotiate organise teach
discuss these questions in your group.
• Why do you think people do these different kinds 1 I currently the government on
of work? how to improve hospitals.
• Do you know anyone who does any unpaid work? 2 This week I some training with some new
people. I them how to sell over the phone.
• Do you think people should earn money for any of
these different kinds of work? Why? / Why not? 3 I a big party for a car company. They’re
launching a new car soon.
4 We a big deal with a Chinese media
READING company.
3 Read the article on page 13 about three people
who are working for no money. Answer these attend do give install work on
questions.
5 I currently some research on
1 What kind of work is each person doing? why people forget things.
2 Why are they doing this work? 6 I a new collection of dresses for Milan
3 How do they feel about working for no money? fashion week.
4 What are their plans for the future? 7 I a new kitchen in an apartment in town.
8 I a conference this week. I a
4 Work in pairs. Can you remember which of the
talk on time management.
three people mentioned each of the things below
and why? 8 Work in pairs. Try to think of:
Sulochana mentioned a website. Her organisation is 1 two more things you can teach people how to do.
planning to start a website to tell people about their
2 two more things people sometimes organise.
situation.
3 two more things people do research on.
1 a website
4 two more things people sometimes install.
2 going on strike
5 two more things people sometimes give talks on.
3 it’s a competitive area
4 got bored 9 Choose three things from Exercises 7 and 8 that
5 a fixed salary and a pension you sometimes do. Tell your partner about them.
6 has a really positive attitude A: I attend conferences for work once or twice a year.
7 making coffee B: Really? Do you give talks?
8 building the nation A: No. I just listen, and try to learn.
9 advising
10 a new German film
SOUNDS AND VOCABULARY REVIEW
11 my contract ends 10
4 Listen and repeat the sounds with /t/ and /d/.
Are any of them difficult to hear or say?
12 the company is exploiting me
11
5 Work in groups. Listen to eight sentences
5 Read the article again and check your ideas from
using the words below. Together, try to write
Exercise 4.
them down. Then listen again and check.
6 Work in groups. Discuss these questions.
appointment training staff test
• Do you agree that companies that don’t pay young delay department depend develop
workers are exploiting them? Why? / Why not?
• Is voluntary work common in your country? What 12
Work in teams. You have three minutes to
kind is most common? write collocations or phrases for the words in
• Do you agree that housewives play an important role Exercise 11.
in building the nation? Why? / Why not?
a training course, a training session, need more
training
12
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THERE’S NO MONEY IN IT £
CLAUDIA, MUNICH, GERMANY

I graduated in Munich two years ago with a degree in
Media Studies. After that, I applied for lots of jobs in film
and television. I know it’s a competitive area, but I didn’t
get any interviews! Not one! Everyone wanted me to have
work experience, but how can you get work experience if
nobody gives you a job?
In the end, I took unpaid work with a public relations
company. To begin with, I hated it. I only did boring jobs
like making coffee for people and photocopying, but
recently I’ve started doing more interesting things. At the
moment, I’m organising the European distribution of a
new German film.
I’m not happy about working for no money, and
sometimes I think the company is exploiting me, so
I’m looking for other work. I can’t live without pay for
another year!
JEROME, SIERRA LEONE

I worked as a doctor in a small town in Switzerland for
almost thirty years and I retired five years ago. To begin
with, I enjoyed it, but I soon got bored. Then I saw an
advertisement for Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO) and
applied. They offered me a job working in Sierra Leone
and I moved here nine months ago. They paid for my
flight and they pay my rent, but basically I’m working for
nothing.
I’m not complaining, though. It’s amazing! I’m having
the best time of my life. Life can be very hard for people
here, but everyone has a really positive attitude. Now,
I’m doing some training with local doctors and advising
them on how to improve services. My contract ends in
three months, but I’m planning to stay here for another
year, if I can.
SULOCHANA, KERALA, INDIA

I’m a housewife but I’m also working for an organisation
that’s fighting for women’s rights. I don’t get paid, but I
don’t mind because we’re hoping to make our government
pay housewives like me a fixed salary and a pension for
the work we do in the home. Venezuela did something
similar a few years ago.
Women play an important role in building the nation.
Without mothers and wives at home, men need to do
more work – and this takes more energy. But men don’t
understand this and that’s why we’re organising ourselves.
We’re planning to start a website to tell more people about
our situation and we’re also thinking of stopping work
and going on strike. Let’s see how men survive on their
own then!
Unit 1 Jobs 13
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2
SHOPS
14
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• talk about shopping and things you buy
• make and respond to compliments
• talk about problems you can have with shopping
• offer help
• compare places and products
• have conversations with shop assistants
1 Work in pairs. Answer the questions.

• Who do you think the people are?
• How are they feeling? What do you think they
might say to each other in this situation?
• Can you see any of these things in the photo?
coat hat jewellery shoes suit T-shirt

dress jeans shirt skirt top trainers
2 Change partners. Discuss these questions.

• Do you like the different clothes and things in the
photo? Why? / Why not?
• Do you like going shopping? How often do you go?
• Who do you go with? Or do you prefer to go on
your own? Why?
• Which of the things in the box in Exercise 1 can
you see in your classroom?
Unit 2 Shops 15
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WHERE DID YOU GET IT?
VOCABULARY 2 Work in groups. Discuss the questions. Use a
dictionary if you need to.
Describing things you bought
1 Which words in bold in Exercise 1 are materials? Can
1 Complete the sentences with these pairs of words. you think of one more?
Check you understand the words in bold.
2 Why might something not fit you any more? What
would you do with it?
comfortable + lie fit + uncomfortable suit + dark
complicated + follow light + carry thick + keep 3 What things can last a long time?
designed + unique quality + lasted wear + smart 4 What things keep you warm? What’s the opposite?
1 They’re really good – real leather. I had a 5 What’s the opposite of dark colours?
pair before and they for years. 6 What’s jewellery usually made from?
2 I bought this nice coat to me 7 When do people usually wear smart clothes?
warm in the cold weather. It’s pure wool.
8 Why might something be complicated to use?
3 I bought them because they look really nice, but
they actually don’t . They’re a bit small 3 Work in pairs. How many of the words in
and to walk in. Exercise 1 can you use to describe things you
4 They said it’s easy to use, but it’s really have?
and the instructions are difficult to . I’ve got a great pair of black leather boots. I’ve had
5 We bought a new sofa. It’s really to sit on them for ages. They’re really good quality.
and it’s nice and big so you can on it too. I’ve got a few nice thick winter coats that keep me
6 We can’t jeans or T-shirts at work so I had warm. My favourite one is long and dark blue.
to buy some trousers and a jacket.
7 What do you think? Yellow doesn’t usually LISTENING
me. I think I look better in colours.
4 6 Listen to some friends talking about things
8 I got a new laptop for work. It’s really cool. It’s so they bought recently. Take notes on the three
and easy to round.
things they bought, where they bought them and
9 My friend makes jewellery and she this what they say about them.
ring. It’s the only one she made so it’s !
16
90101_02_U2_p014-023.indd 16 21/08/2015 15:00

5 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. 9 Work in pairs. Student A says a sentence from
• Where can you buy second-hand things? Exercise 8 and Student B asks their questions.
Student A answers. Then change roles.
• Do you ever buy second-hand things?
• Do you think it’s good to buy any of these things 10
Work in pairs. Tell your partner about one of the
second-hand? Why? / Why not? following. Your partner should ask questions to
find out more. Then change roles.
a bike a car a computer game • a great present you bought for someone
a book a coat kids’ clothes
boots a computer • an amazing holiday shopping experience
• your last birthday
• your last holiday
Grammar
For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 168.
Past simple Developing Conversations

We use the past simple to talk about events and habits in
the past.
Complimenting
6 Look at these sentences from Exercise 1 and the
We often compliment people and then ask a question – or
conversation. Then complete the rules. make another comment.
a They lasted for years. K: That’s really neat. Where did you get it?
b I bought this nice thick coat. C: In Jessops in town. I’m really pleased with it.
c I got these earrings.
C: I love your jacket. It looks really nice and warm.
d Did you have a nice weekend?
D: Yeah, it is. It’s great. It’s pure wool.
e What did you do?
f I didn’t find anything that fitted me.
11
Put the words in the correct order to make
g They weren’t very expensive. questions or comments.
1 To make the past simple with most verbs, add 1 I love your ring. did / where / you / it / get / ?
to the infinitive (without to). (last – lasted). 2 That’s a great bag. new / is / it / ?
2 Many common verbs are irregular, for example: 3 Hey, cool phone! you / it / long / had / how / have / ?
– went; – got.
4 I love your shirt. really / a / design / it’s / nice / .
3 To make a question, use + you / he / they,
etc. + infinitive (without to). 5 I like your boots. comfortable / look / really / they / .
4 To make a negative, use I / you / we, etc. + 6 That’s a lovely jacket. really / you / it / suits / .
+ infinitive (without to). 12
8 Listen and check your answers.
5 To make negatives of the verb to be use wasn’t or
.
Check your ideas on page 167 and do Exercise 1.
13
Choose one of these tasks. Take turns to start.
a Work in groups. Compliment other students in your
group on their clothes, or other things they have.
Pronunciation Use language from Exercise 11. Continue each
conversation for as long as you can.
7 7 Listen to the past forms said slowly and
then faster. Notice how the sounds of the b Work in pairs. Have a conversation about what you
words change when said faster. Listen again. bought at the weekend. Start by asking Did you do
anything at the weekend? You can invent the details.
Practise saying them. Continue the conversation for as long as you can.
A: Did you do anything at the weekend?
8 Write two past simple questions you might ask
after someone says these sentences. B: Yeah, I went shopping.
1 I went out for dinner at the weekend. A: Really? Did you buy anything nice?
2 It was my birthday last week. B: Well, I got a jacket in that new second-hand shop.
3 We went on holiday to Brazil. 2 To watch the video and do the activities, see the DVD-ROM.
4 I changed jobs recently.

5 I went to watch Barcelona play last weekend.
Unit 2 Shops 17
90101_02_U2_p014-023.indd 17 6/29/16 11:39 AM

I BOUGHT IT ONLINE
SPEAKING VOCABULARY Shopping online
1 Read the fact file. Then work in groups. Discuss 2 Check you understand the words and phrases
the questions. in bold. Then work in pairs. Which sentences
• Which facts do you think are interesting, surprising or describe good shopping experiences (G) and
unsurprising? Why? which describe bad ones (B)? Explain your ideas.
• How often do you buy things online? What was the 1 The camera I wanted was out of stock.
last thing you bought? 2 It was in a sale. It was £50 – reduced from £99.
• What kinds of things do you buy? 3 Their delivery service was very reliable.
• What time of day do you usually shop online? 4 The delivery man dropped it.
• Do you have any favourite sites for shopping? 5 They had a really wide selection.
• Do you think online shopping is bad for local shops 6 When I took it out of the box, I found it was
where you live? Why? / Why not? damaged.
7 I returned it and got my money back.
FACT FILE 8 It didn’t fit me. It was a bit too small.

9 It was a bargain. I bid twenty pounds for it on eBay –
and won.
• Globally, we now buy 22% of everything we 10 It cost a lot, but it was my own fault. I didn’t check
need online. the delivery fee.
• Most online shopping happens between eight
and nine in the evening. 3 Work in groups. Tell each other about two of the
• 55% of us use a laptop to do our online following.
shopping, while 20% use a smartphone. • a time you bought something that was in a sale
• 29% of us sometimes buy things online while • a time you dropped something important
we are at work. • a time you returned something and got your money
• 25% of what we spend online goes on books, back
music and software. • a time you bought something that didn’t really fit you
• Women return more than 20% of the clothes
• a time you found a bargain
they buy online, men return less than 10%.
• Men spend 20–30% more money than
women online.
• Online sales are increasing all the time, but in
the UK over 10,000 shops close every year.
18
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5 With your partner, ask and answer the questions
in Exercise 4 about the texts you read. Which
story do you like best? Why?
6 Now read the two stories your partner read.
Then decide which of the four people:
1 ordered something the company didn’t have.
2 was happy to have lots of things to choose from.
3 bought something without really thinking about it first.
4 spent time looking for a good deal.
PRONUNCIATION
7 9 Listen to the past simple forms of twelve
regular verbs. Notice the different ways of
saying the -ed endings. For each verb, decide
if the -ed ending is pronounced /t/, /d/ or /ɪd/.
8 9 Listen again and repeat each verb.

• Can you remember the last website someone
recommended to you? Is it good?
• Can you play any musical instruments? If yes, which
ones? How well?
• What do you think is the best age to buy laptops or
smartphones for children? Why?
READING • Do you have any experience of terrible service from
4 Work in pairs. companies?
Student A: read the two stories on this page. 10

Match the verbs with the words they went with
in the stories.
Student B: read File 1 on page 186.
1 recommend a my order
As you read, think about these questions. 2 deliver b to bed
1 What did each person buy? 3 take c the box
2 Why did they buy these things? 4 go d me to a concert
3 What problems did they have? 5 look at e a new part
4 What happened in the end? 6 open f a new website
7 order g to tell me
CLICK TO BUY! 8 forget h lots of different sites

11
Work in pairs. Talk about the stories using
SANDRA the words and phrases in Exercise 10 and the
Last month I bought a pair of shoes online. I didn’t past simple.
really need them, but a friend of mine recommended
Sandra’s friend recommended a new website for
a new site so I had a look. They had a really wide
buying shoes.
selection – and lots of things in my size. I have big feet,
and it’s sometimes hard to find things that fit me. When
they delivered my order, though, the shoes were the SPEAKING
wrong colour – blue not black – and they were a bit too
small. I returned them and got my money back, but it 12
Work in groups of three. You are going to tell a
was annoying. story about an online shopping experience. One
student begins by saying one of the sentences
below. Take turns to add a line to the story.
ADAM
It was my 40th birthday last year. My wife took me to a a It was my grandfather’s 70th birthday.
concert. It was great. We saw a band we both loved when b Late one night, I decided to go online and have a
we were at university. When I got home, my wife went to look at eBay.
bed, but I went online – and suddenly decided to buy a c I didn’t really need it, but it was lovely.
guitar on eBay. I guess the concert inspired me. I wanted
to bid £100, but I bid £1,000 by accident. It was stupid,
I know, but I was tired! Anyway, I won, but it cost me
£750! My wife was really angry when it arrived, but I’m
having lessons now and I’m slowly learning!
Unit 2 Shops 19
90101_02_U2_p014-023.indd 19 21/08/2015 15:00

CAN I HELP YOU?
LISTENING
1 Work in groups. Think of:
1 three reasons you might take things back to a shop.
2 three ways you might help another customer in a
shop.
3 three reasons why you might complain about a shop.
4 three questions you might ask a member of staff in
a shop.
5 three things a shop assistant might ask you when
you pay.
2 10 Listen to five conversations. Match each
conversation (1–5) to one of the situations below
and answer the question.
a a customer taking something back to the shop
Why do they take it back?
b a customer helping another customer
How do they help?
c a customer complaining
What do they complain about?
d a customer asking a member of staff a question
What do they ask?
DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS
e a shop assistant asking a question
What do they ask?
3 Work in pairs. Decide what conversations these Offering to help and responding
phrases came from. Explain your decisions. Look at the pattern for offering to help from the
1 the button was loose conversations in Exercise 2.
2 it’s a bit plain A: Do you want to go first? (offer)
3 About time! B: Are you sure? (check)
4 You’ll grow into it. A: Yes, of course. I have a lot to get. (reassure)
5 a manufacturing fault B: Great. Thanks. (accept)

We also often use will to offer (e.g. I’ll wrap it for you) and
6 the stationery department
You don’t mind? to check.
7 I have a lot to get.
8 they’re at a reduced price 6 Put a–e in the correct order in the two
9 have something in stock conversations. The first line in conversation 1 is
10 I’ve got the receipt. done for you.
11 I’ll wrap it for you. Conversation 1
12
It’s typical! a Gosh. That’s heavy. 1
b Of course. I’m happy to help.
4 10 Listen again and check your answers to
Exercise 3. Look at the audio script for Track 10 c Are you sure?
on page 193 if you need to. d That’s great. Thanks so much.
5 Work in groups. Discuss these questions. e Do you want me to carry it to your car?
• What was the last thing you did to help someone? Conversation 2
• What was the last present you bought? Who for? a No, of course not. I’m actually going there too.
What was the occasion? Did you wrap it? Did they b I’ll show you, if you like.
like it? c Oh right. Thanks.
• When was the last time you took something back to d You don’t mind?
a shop? What happened?
e Where’s the men’s clothes department?
• Did your parents ever make you wear something you
didn’t like when you were a child?
• Did you have any favourite clothes when you were
younger? What were they?
20
90101_02_U2_p014-023.indd 20 21/08/2015 15:00

7 Work in pairs. Write conversations like the ones 11
Check you understand the phrases that a shop
in Exercise 6, starting with these sentences. assistant uses in the box below. Then work
Then practise reading them out. in pairs.
1 I have a lot of bags. Student A: you are the customer. Read out one of
2 It’s raining. We’re going to get wet walking there. 1–7 in Exercise 9.
3 There’s only one seat. Student B: you are the shop assistant. Answer your
4 I’m in a rush and there’s a long queue. partner’s question and try to sell something.
5 I’m quite hungry.
Then change roles and repeat.
GRAMMAR Certainly sir / madam.

I’m afraid not.
We’re out of stock. / They’re the only ones we have. /
Comparatives It’s the last one.
We use more or -er or not as with adjectives and adverbs This one might be more suitable.
to make comparisons.
It’s a bit more expensive, but …
It’s not as cheap, but …
8 Look at these sentences from the listening and
complete the rules below. It’ll last a lifetime.
a Do you have this in a smaller size? It’s the top of the range.
b It’s a bit plain. Do you have anything a bit prettier? It really suits you.
c Their service is much more reliable.
d It’s not as nice as the one we saw before.
1 We add to the end of adjectives / adverbs

of one syllable. SPEAKING
2 Two-syllable words ending in -y change to . 12
Work in groups. Choose five of the following to
3 We use before two- or three-syllable discuss. Then think of two examples of each.
adjectives / adverbs. • a supermarket
4 To say there’s a big difference, use
• a clothes shop / website
+ comparative.
5 You can make a negative comparison using • an electronics shop / website
+ adjective / adverb • a market
Check your ideas on page 168 and do Exercise 1. • a pool / sports centre
• a place to eat / buy food
9 Complete the sentences with the correct • a mobile phone
comparative form of the word.
• a car
1 They’re a bit loose when I walk. Do you have them in
a size? (small) • a TV channel
2 It looks too complicated for my gran. Do you have 13
Decide which of the two examples you prefer
one which is to use? (easy) in each case and explain why. Discuss your
3 It’s a bit tight round my shoulders. Do you have a choices.
size? (big)
4 I need something suitable for an interview. Have you SOUNDS AND VOCABULARY REVIEW
got anything a bit ? (smart)
14
11 Listen and repeat the sounds with /s/ and
5 It doesn’t look very strong. Have you got one which
/ʃ/. Are any of them difficult to hear or say?
is a bit quality? Something which will last a
bit ? (good, long) 15
6 It’s a bit plain and dark. Have you got something a bit using the words below. Together, try to write
, a bit ? (bright, colourful) them down. Then listen again and check.
7 It’ll probably be for the baby, but it’s a bit
heavy and it’ll be difficult to carry up and down stairs. increase missed rush service
Have you got something , something last receipt selection shirt
a bit that you can fold ?
(comfortable, practical, light, easily). 16
write collocations or phrases for the words in
10
Work in groups. Discuss what you think the Exercise 15.
people are talking about in each sentence in
Exercise 9. I missed the class last week, I missed the train,
I missed the bus
Unit 2 Shops 21
90101_02_U2_p014-023.indd 21 21/08/2015 15:00

VIDEO 1
A CHILD’S
GARDEN
OF GATORS
1 Work in groups. Look at the photo. Discuss these 4 Choose the correct form to complete the
questions. sentences from the video.
• What do you think is happening in the photo? 1 Along the canal, the lesson in gator catching just
• How do you feel when you look at the photo? Why? gets / is just getting under way.
• Which sentence below do you most agree with? 2 Right now, big alligators look for / are looking for
Explain your ideas. smaller gators.
- If you allow children to take risks, they learn to take 3 They eat / are eating each other.
care of themselves. 4 I think I see / I’m seeing one.
- If you risk nothing, then you risk everything! 5 I watch / I’m watching for the mother.
- Parents today need to protect their children more 6 She looks for / She’s looking for her baby.
because there are more risks.
5 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.
2 Work in pairs. Watch the video without
3
• Why do you think the father is teaching his son to
any sound. Answer these questions. catch alligators?
1 Where do you think they are? • Do you think it’s a good thing for the son to learn?
2 What are they doing? Why? / Why not?
3 What risks are they taking? • What were the best things your parents taught you
to do?
4 What happens at the end of the film?
• Did you learn different kinds of things from your
3 3Now watch the video with sound. Decide if mother and your father?
these sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1 The father doesn’t want his son to catch alligators UNDERSTANDING FAST SPEECH
more than three feet long.
2 The son is ten years old. 6 4 Read and listen to this extract from the
video said at natural pace and then slowed
3 The son looks right when his father tells him to look down. To help you, groups of words are marked
left.
with / and pauses are marked //. Stressed
4 He doesn’t catch the first alligator he sees. sounds are in CAPITALS.
5 They make a special noise to scare the mother
RIGHT NOW // I don’t WANT him / CATching / Any
alligator.
Alligators / MORE than three FEET
6 The father tells his son to run.
7 Now you have a go! Practise saying the extract
at natural pace.
22
90101_02_U2_p014-023.indd 22 21/08/2015 15:00

Review 1 Vocabulary
5 Match the verbs (1–8) with the nouns they
collocate with (a–h).
1 arrange / go to a my own company
Grammar
2 train / need b a project
1 Complete the text by writing the correct form of
3 apply for / lose c a new part
the verbs in brackets.
4 order / install d a contract
I’m at college and I 1 (train) to become an
electrician. I 2 (really like) the course and I 5 negotiate / sign e a job
3
(do) quite well. Last week we 4 6 work on / manage f a sofa
(learn) how to install all the electrics in a house. It’s 7 run / start g an appointment
quite complicated, but I 5 (pass) the test with 8 buy / lie on h staff
90%. Every weekend I 6 (work) in a café in
town. I mainly 7 (make) coffees and teas, but 6 Decide if these words are connected to jobs and
I sometimes 8 (help) in the kitchen. It’s OK to work, or clothes and shopping.
get some money, but I 9 (want) to find a job
a bargain a journalist stock a top
with an electrician to get some experience. Last week
experience smart a strike trainers
I 10 (have) an interview, but I 11 jewellery a soldier thick training
(not get) the job. The college 12 (organise) a
meeting with several electrical companies next month 7 Choose the correct option.
so maybe I’ll find something then.
1 They don’t have a very wide select / selection there,
2 Put the words in the correct order to make but it’s cheaper.
questions. 2 I often buy things from that website and they are
1 do / what / do / you always very rely / reliable.
2 have / you / weekend / did / a / nice 3 Could you recommend / recommendation a good
place to buy shoes?
3 are / meeting / what / you / tomorrow / Maria / time
4 They don’t charge anything to deliver / delivery your
4 long / last / did / how / the / meeting order.
5 work / your / does / you / brother / with 5 I need to get some new boots. These ones are really
6 do / want / you / me / it / to / wrap comfortable / uncomfortable.
3 Complete the second sentence so that it has a 6 I’m looking for a job with a TV company, but it’s so
competitive / competition.
similar meaning to the first sentence, using the
word given. Do not change the word given. You 7 I work as a sales manager / management for a big
must use between two and four words, including company.
the word given. 8 I need to get a law / lawyer to look at the contract.
1 The instructions were really difficult to follow so I 8 Complete the text with one word in each space.
asked for help.
The first letters are given.
I asked for help because the instructions
very well. UNDERSTAND Last week I 1br my laptop. It was my own
2
fau because I was late and so I was in a
2 The internet connection at work is faster than 3
ru . I didn’t close my bag properly so the
mine here.
laptop 4dr out of it as I ran across the road,
The internet connection I have here is it is and a car went over the computer! It was so badly
at work. FAST 5
da , I lost everything on it. It’s a big problem
3 Were those boots expensive? because I’m 6at a conference next month
a lot for those boots? PAY and I’m 7gi a presentation, so I really need
4 I’ve got an appointment at the dentist’s tomorrow. a computer. A friend 8re a website and I
was really lucky because they had lots of things on
I the dentist’s tomorrow. GOING 9
sa . I bought a really nice laptop that was
5 I always buy well-known brands because the clothes 10
re by $300. But then the company rang me
last longer.
yesterday to say there was a 11de sending
I always buy well-known brands because the clothes it to me, because they had so many 12or .
. QUALITY I hope they deliver it before my conference!
6 Do you have anything that isn’t as complicated
as this?
Do you have anything that is than this? USE
4 13 Listen and write the six sentences you hear.
Review 1 23
90101_02_U2_p014-023.indd 23 6/29/16 11:40 AM

3
24
90101_03_U3_p024-031.indd 24 10/6/16 6:27 PM

• talk about buildings and places
• ask for and give directions
• tell stories better
• apologise for being late
• talk about different ways of travelling
• describe problems you can have on journeys
SPEAKING
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo and discuss
the questions.
• Where do you think this is? Why?
• Why do you think they are travelling in this way?
• What do you think is good about this way of
travelling? Why?
• What do you think is bad? Why?
2 Work with a new partner. Discuss these
questions.
• What different ways of travelling are there where
you live?
• Which kind do you like most / least? Why?
• Can you think of any other ways of travelling that
you want to try?
• Do you enjoy the journeys you make every day?
Why? / Why not?
Getting
there
90101_03_U3_p024-031.indd 25
Unit 3 Getting there 25
10/6/16 6:28 PM
We’re lost!
2
1 6
3
4
5
7
8
10
9
12
11
VOCABULARY Places in town 6 Is there a

a crime.
near here? I need to report
1 Label the picture with the words in the box. 7 I live really near a big . It gets very noisy
on match days.
a bridge a monument a sports ground
a church a playground a subway 8 There’s a huge traffic jam in the centre of town
a crossing a police station a town hall because the aren’t working.
a crossroads a roundabout traffic lights
3 Work in pairs. Tell your partner about where
you live, work or study. What things are there?
2 Complete the sentences about places where
people live with nouns from Exercise 1. There’s an old church near where I work.
1 There’s a nice in the park near my house. There’s a subway under the main road near my house.
I sometimes take the kids there.
2 In the centre of town, there’s a big to the LISTENING
people who died in the war.
4 14 Listen to a couple on holiday asking for
3 My dad’s a member of the local council. He works in directions. Answer the questions.
the .
1 Where are they trying to get to?
4 When you come to the , take the second
exit. 2 What problems do they have in each conversation?
5 They’re building a new over the river at 3 How do they travel?
the moment. 4 Do they get to where they want to go in the end?
26
90101_03_U3_p024-031.indd 26 10/6/16 6:28 PM

5 14Choose the correct option. Then listen 7 Complete the directions with the prepositions in
again and check your answers. the box.
1 Do you know the road / way to the museum
along at on opposite
from here?
over past through to
2 It’s / Is better to get a bus.
3 It’s directly opposite of / opposite the town hall. So first, cross 1 this big road here. There’s
a crossing over there that you can use or you can go
4 Go down this road. Take / Turn the second road on 2
the subway, under the road. Then walk
the right. 3
the edge of the park and 4 an
5 What bus he said / did he say we need? old church until you come 5 some traffic
lights. Turn left 6 the lights and go straight
6 Is this the correct / right bus stop for the museum?
on. It’s 7 your right – directly 8 a big
7 Is it near to / near here? bookshop. You can’t miss it.
8 You got off / went off at the wrong stop.
8 Draw a map that shows the places in Exercise 7.
9 Just keep going / go. It’s maybe half a mile. Then draw a line to show the way.
10 You can’t miss / lose it.
9 Work in pairs. Compare your maps and discuss
6 Work in groups. Discuss these questions. any differences.
• Do you ever ask for, or give, directions? Can you 10
Write a short email giving directions to your
remember the last time? home from one of the following places:
• Can you remember a time you had problems finding • your school or workplace
a place? What happened?
• the nearest train station or bus stop
• Do you like going to museums? If yes, do you have a
favourite? Why?
DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS 11
Work in pairs. You are going to roleplay
conversations between a visitor to a town and a
person who lives there.
Giving directions Student A: look at File 2 on page 186.
Certain phrases are commonly used when people give
directions. Keep a record of any new phrases you learn. Student B: look at File 6 on page 188.
Notice the prepositions used in each.
Take turns asking for directions and marking the
Go down this road.
missing places on your map. Use these phrases.
Take the second road on the right.
You need to go over the road. Excuse me. Do you know the way to …?
Go past a monument. Excuse me. Is there a … near here?
It’s on the left. Excuse me. Is the … near here?
90101_03_U3_p024-031.indd 27 10/6/16 6:28 PM

1 2 3
5
4
I missed my flight
Vocabulary Travelling by plane 4 Read the blog post. Match the lessons in
Exercise 3 with the paragraphs.
1 Match these phrases with the pictures (1–9).
a be late taking off 1 I hated waiting. This was my big problem. It was
b call a taxi even worse when they introduced online check-in,
because you could get to the airport forty minutes
c check in online before the flight and still catch it if nothing went
d check the departures board wrong. Unfortunately, when I got stuck in heavy traffic,
e get stuck in heavy traffic on the way or the train was delayed or it took ages to go through
security, I missed flights. But then a friend bought
f join the queue to board me a tablet and I realised that waiting was actually
g take ages to go through security enjoyable. I could read, watch films, relax!
h land on time 2 The first time I missed a flight, I actually left really
i run to the boarding gate early and planned to arrive almost two hours before
my flight. However, when I got to the train station to
go to the airport, I found that they were doing repairs
Reading on the line and there was a bus to replace the train – a
2 Read the introduction to a blog post. What can very old, slow one. We eventually arrived at the airport
you guess about the writer? three minutes after the check-in closed!
3 Once, I was catching a very early flight to go back
home. I got to the boarding gate in plenty of time, but
Travelling Man
Lessons in life: I was really tired, so I decided to have a little sleep
while I was waiting. When I woke up, there were no
how not to passengers around me and the woman from the airline
was walking away from the gate. There wasn’t another
flight for ten hours! I hate waiting!
miss flights 4 One year, we were travelling to see family in Ivory

Coast and we changed flights in Charles de Gaulle
Airport, Paris. We had an hour to get the connection.
We landed on time, but from the plane there was a
Yesterday, I missed a flight. It was my fifteenth bus; then we walked; we took a train; we walked and
missed flight. Though, to be fair, it is several years walked (more quickly); we queued for security again;
since I last missed one. Anyway, this week’s post is we ran. We missed the connection.
about how I missed all those flights and the lessons
I (very slowly) learned. 5 I was going to see a friend once and I went to
London Stansted airport. I checked the departures
board, but I couldn’t see my flight, which I thought
3 Look at the lessons (a–f) the writer learned from was strange. I looked at my ticket again and it said
his experiences. Work in pairs. Discuss how you Gatwick Airport – on the opposite side of the city!
think he missed his flight in each case. 6 Which brings me to my last and most recent
a Airports are big places lesson. I arrived early and sat down to read my book –
b Check the travel news before you go a crime story by Jo Nesbø. As the story got more
and more exciting, I completely forgot the time. I was
c Check your ticket reading the last few pages when I suddenly heard the
d Read, but don’t choose a thriller last call for my flight. Unfortunately, airports are big
e See waiting as fun places and when I got to the gate, it was closed. I sat
down and finished my book.
f Set your alarm clock 26 comments
28
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7
9
6
8
5 Work in groups. Based on what you read and on 3 A: It was so stupid. I where I was going
your own experiences, explain why you think and I into a lamppost. (not look, walk)
the author: B: Oh no! ? (anyone watch)
1 started to enjoy waiting. 4 I was going through the arrivals hall at Madrid airport
2 didn’t take a taxi when the train was cancelled. and these people were taking photos of me, which
I thought was strange. Then I round
3 didn’t wake when the flight was boarding. and I realised this famous actress, Penelope Cruz,
4 didn’t buy a ticket with more time to connect in behind me! (turn, walk)
Charles de Gaulle.
5 went to the wrong airport.
6 didn’t wait at the boarding gate when he started Pronunciation
reading his book.
8 15 Listen and write down the five past
continuous phrases you hear. You will hear
Grammar each twice: first fast and then slower.
9 Choose two of these situations. Spend a few

Past simple and past continuous minutes thinking about what you will say. Then
When we tell stories, we show how actions relate to work in groups and share your stories.
each other using the past continuous and the past simple. • a time you missed a flight / train / coach
• a time you had a problem or something funny
6 Look at these sentences from the blog post. happened on a flight
Answer the questions below. • a time you were late for something important
a When I got to the train station …, they were doing
• a time you had / saw an accident
repairs on the line.
• a time you met / saw someone famous
b When I woke up, … the woman from the airline was
walking away from the gate. For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 169.
c I was reading the last few pages when I suddenly
heard the last call for my flight.
Developing conversations
1 Which verbs are in the past simple?
2 Which verbs are in the past continuous? How are
they formed? Apologising for being late
3 In each sentence, which action started first? When we are late, we often apologise and give a reason.
4 In each sentence, which action is completed? Sorry I’m late. I was chatting to a friend and I completely
forgot the time.
Sorry I’m late. I was stuck on the bus.
7 Complete the sentences with the past simple or You can accept the apology by using one of these phrases.
past continuous form of the verbs. Oh well. Never mind. At least you’re here now.
1 They stopped him while he through Don’t worry. What was the problem?
security and all his bags, so he missed the
flight. (go, search) It’s OK. I haven’t been here long.
2 This baby screaming when we were

taking off and it during the whole flight. It 10
Work in pairs. Take turns apologising for being
was a nightmare. (start, not stop) late and accepting the apology.
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Complete chaos
Vocabulary Transport 2 Work in pairs. Take turns to choose five words
or phrases from Exercise 1, and explain, act or
1 Match what the people say to the forms of draw them. Your partner should guess the words
transport in the box. Check you understand the without looking at the book.
words in bold.
3 Think of six different forms of transport you
bike coach plane train underground have used. Then work in pairs and tell your
car motorbike taxi truck van partner where you went and how you travelled.
1 A: How much did he charge you?
B: Eleven dollars plus a tip. Does that sound OK?
LISTENING
2 They usually stop at a service station on the 4 16 Listen to the travel news. How many items
motorway for half an hour to let all the passengers of news are there? How many give good news?
stretch their legs.
5 16 Listen again and complete the table.
3 Our flight’s cancelled because the air traffic
controllers are on strike. Place Problem Cause Advice
4 I bought this huge wardrobe at a market, and I had to Airport flights air traffic 1

hire a vehicle to get it home. delayed / controllers or
2
5 I cycle to work. There’s a good cycle lane that goes cancelled on strike
from my house, so I don’t need to go on the roads. A516 3
truck 4
6 Sorry we’re late. We were driving round looking for crashed

somewhere to park. M6 diversion 5
take other
7 There’s a really fast rail service between Rome and junctions causing routes
Milan. 5–6 slow traffic
6
8 It was going slowly because it was carrying a huge Northern sections repairs
load, and there was a long line of cars stuck behind it. Line closed
7
9 Buy a travel card from the station. Then you can East Ham flooding –
travel on all the lines in the city. station
10 A: Do you need a licence to ride one? Wembley no parking – 8
B: Yes, you need to take a practical test of your concert

riding skills, but it’s quite easy.
30
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6 Complete the phrases from the listening with the 1 Many and a few only go with plural countable nouns.
missing prepositions. Look at the audio script for 2 Much and some only go with uncountable (singular)
Track 16 on page 194 and check your answers. nouns.
1 There are terrible problems a lot of 3 A bit of, any, a lot of, plenty of and no only go with
places. countable nouns.
2 Passengers who are flying the next few 4 Much and many are usually used in negative
days should ring their airline. sentences.
3 Lanes both directions are closed. 5 Any is never used in positive sentences.
4 Elsewhere the roads, the M6 motorway Check your ideas on page 169 and do Exercise 1.
junctions 5 and 6 is completely closed.
5 Also the underground, East Ham station is 10
Choose the correct option.
closed. The situation on the roads isn’t too bad in my city.
6 The traffic lights are working again the Actually, at the moment, there’s not 1much / many traffic
crossroads with the B761. because it’s a holiday this week. Oh, and there aren’t
7 Go foot or take public transport.
2
no / any buses today either, because there’s a strike.
It’s usually a bit busier. There are 3some / any cycle
lanes here, but not 4much / many, so I don’t cycle much,
SPEAKING to be honest. I usually take public transport. There are
7 Work in groups. Think of two possible causes always 5plenty / a bit of buses and it’s easy to get to the
for these situations. city centre. I can take 6many / any bus from the stop
1 a flight is cancelled near my house. They all go into the city.
2 a rail service is delayed One bad thing is that there’s 7no / any underground
3 an underground station is closed here, which can be a 8few / bit of a problem sometimes.
There are 9a lot of / much taxis, though. A 10few / bit
4 one lane of a motorway is shut
of my friends take them, but I can’t afford to! They’re
5 there’s a traffic jam in a city not cheap!
8 Tell each other about two situations in Exercise 7 For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 170.
that you experienced. Explain what happened.
11
Work in groups. Discuss the transport situation
GRAMMAR where you live using the language from this
lesson. What’s good? What problems are there?
What’s the best way to change things? Think
about these things.
Quantifiers with countable and • the traffic
uncountable nouns
• the roads
Countable nouns have both singular and plural forms.
Uncountable nouns are things we don’t count in English. • the parking
They usually only have a singular form. • the public transport (buses, trains, underground)
Some words we use to show quantity go with both
• taxis
countable and uncountable nouns. Others only go with
one of these kinds of nouns. • trains to the rest of the country
• planes to other countries
9 Work in pairs. Look at the sentences from the
travel news and decide if the statements 1–5 are Sounds and vocabulary review
true (T) or false (F).
a Not many planes can fly over France. 12
17 Listen and repeat the sounds with /k/ and
/g/. Are any of them difficult to hear or say?
b There’s not much hope of a deal any time soon.
c This follows some heavy rain in the area overnight. 13
d There aren’t any more problems on the A6. using these words. Together, try to write them
e You can expect some delays there all day.
down. Then listen again and check.
f There are terrible problems in a lot of places. bags crossroads ground strike
g Plenty of flights are delayed and quite a few (flights) clock gate security truck
cancelled.
h Expect a bit of trouble there. 14
i There’s no parking in or around the ground. write collocations or phrases for the words in
Exercise 13.
pack my bags, put my bags in the car, heavy bags
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4
EAT
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• describe restaurants and meals
• discuss where and what to eat
• talk about your experiences
• understand menus and explain dishes
• ask and answer questions in a restaurant
• talk about typical foods and eating habits
SPEAKING
1 Work in groups. Look at the photo and discuss
the questions.
• Where do you think this café is and what kind of
food does it serve?
• Would you like to eat there? Why / Why not?
• Does this place remind you of any places where
you live? In what way? Do you go there?
2 Look at the different kinds of food in the box
below. Tell your partner:
• which of the kinds of food below you like, which
you don’t like and why.
• if there are restaurants near you which serve this
food and where they are.
Chinese Indian Japanese Spanish Turkish

fast food Italian Mexican steak vegetarian
Unit 4 Eat 33
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Are you hungry?
VOCABULARY Restaurants 2 Think of two restaurants you’ve been to on
holiday. Underline some of the language
1 Complete the sentences with these pairs of words. in Exercise 1 you can use to describe the
places. Then work in groups and share your
busy + seat dishes + choose service + staff experiences.
choice + options had + delicious terrace + view
disgusting + rude place + does value + portions We went to a little Argentinian place in the north of
Spain, which did amazing grilled meat. We sat outside
1 There’s a little Japanese near my office, on a terrace with a view over the sea. The food was
which great sushi! delicious and the portions were really big. it was really
good value.
2 It often gets really , so you sometimes have
to wait for a while to get a .
3 We often go to a small Spanish place near here. The LISTENING
is great. The are always really 3 19 Listen to two colleagues – Sara and Victor
friendly.
– discussing where to eat. Find out where they
4 They have a big selection of vegetarian , decide to go and why.
so you’ll have plenty to from.
5 The first time I went there, it was really good 4 19 Work in pairs. Decide if the sentences are
, but I went there again recently and it true (T) or false (F). Listen again and check your
was quite expensive and the were much answers.
smaller! 1 They both like Thai food.
6 I went there once, and I had this dish which tasted 2 The seafood place is in a department store.
, but when I complained about it, the waiter
was quite . 3 Sara eats any kind of food.
7 They have a fixed menu, and there isn’t much 4 They need to get a bus to go to Selale.
. There are usually just two or three 5 Sara doesn’t like Turkish food.
for each course. 6 They are definitely eating in Selale.
8 It’s great. You can sit outside on the there
and get an incredible over the city. 5 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.
9 I really want to go there again. I this • Which of the three restaurants in Exercise 3 would
amazing seafood dish when I went there. In fact it was you prefer to eat in? Why?
all really , but it’s also really expensive. • How often do you eat out for breakfast, lunch or
dinner? Where do you go? Who with?
34
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GRAMMAR 5 A: any of Jamie Oliver’s recipes? (try)
B: No, I of him. (never hear)
6 A: Masterchef? (watch)
Present perfect simple B: I it a few times, but I don’t really like
The present perfect simple is formed using have / has + cookery programmes. (see)
the past participle. We often use it to start conversations
and find out about other people’s experiences.
PRONUNCIATION
6 Look at the extracts from the conversations in
Exercise 3 and decide if the statements below 10
20 Listen to the six questions in Exercise 9.
are true (T) or false (F). Notice how have you ever is pronounced
/həvjʊ:wevə(r)/.
S: Well, there’s a really nice Thai place just down the
road. Have you ever been there? 11
Work in pairs. Take turns to ask your partner
V: Yeah, I go there a lot. I actually went there yesterday. the questions in Exercise 9 and give true
V: Well, why don’t we go to Selale instead. Have you answers. Then write five more Have you
been there? ever …? questions.
S: No. I’ve never heard of it. Where is it?
For further practice, see Exercises 2 and 3 on page 171.
V: It’s Turkish. It’s really good. I’ve been there a few
times.
S: Really? I haven’t ever had Turkish food. DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS
V: You’re joking.
1 The past participle is usually the same as the past
simple form. Making and responding to suggestions
Look at how we make suggestions and respond to them.
2 Always answer a present perfect question with a
present perfect form such as Yes, I have. A: Where do you want to go?
3 Don’t use the present perfect with a past time phrase B: There’s a nice Indian place round the corner. How
such as yesterday or a few years ago. about that?
4 Make the present perfect negative using not or A: To be honest, I don’t really feel like a curry today.
never after have / has. B: Well, why don’t we go to Prego instead.
Check your ideas on page 170 and do Exercise 1. A: Oh, I went there once but I had a dish that tasted
disgusting.
7 Complete each sentence with two ideas. Try to
make them true and surprising! 12
Work in pairs. Write similar conversations using
• I’ve never eaten / drunk … these ideas.
• I’ve never been to … 1 Gino’s Pizzas / pizza yesterday / the Thai place next
to it
• I’ve never …
2 Mexican place by the river / don’t feel like / the
8 Work in groups. Share your ideas from Exercise 7. seafood place near here
Respond using some of these phrases. 3 cafe round the corner / not much choice / a Chinese
restaurant
You’re joking! You should. You’ll love it!
4 Harvey’s restaurant / last time service bad / order a
Really! Why not? takeaway
Me neither! I’ve never had the chance.
9 Complete the sentences using the present perfect
or the past simple form of the verbs. 13
Spend a few minutes thinking of three places
where you might go and eat with other students
1 A: anything unusual? (ever eat)
in your class. What’s good / bad about them?
B: Yeah, I bat soup once. (have)
2 A: to an expensive restaurant? (ever go)
14
Have conversations similar to the one you heard
in the listening. Use these questions to start.
B: Yes, I to a very famous Spanish place Reject at least one of your partner’s ideas and
with work. Luckily, my boss ! (go, pay) explain why.
3 A: in a restaurant? (ever complain) • Are you hungry?
B: Yeah, a few times, actually. Last week I • Do you want to get something to eat?
in a café because the food cooked
properly. (complain, not be) • Where are you thinking of going?
4 A: a hair in your food? (ever find) • Have you ever been there?
B: No, never, but I once a piece of glass in 6 To watch the video and do the activities, see the DVD-ROM.
a burger. I couldn’t believe it! (find)
Unit 4 Eat 35
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WHAT ARE YOU HAVING?
SPEAKING LISTENING
1 Work in groups. Discuss these questions. 5 Read the restaurant menu. Put a tick (✓) next to
• How often do you eat the following kinds of food? the dishes that look good to you, a cross (✗) next
Explain why. to any dishes that don’t look good and a question
mark (?) next to any dishes you don’t understand.
beans fruit seafood fish meat vegetables
6 Work in groups. Compare your ideas.
• Which of these things have you eaten today? • Try to explain some of the dishes to the others.
• When you eat out, do you generally order the same • What would you order in this restaurant? Why?
thing – or do you like trying different things? • Is there anything you really wouldn’t eat? Why?
VOCABULARY Describing food THE

2 Add three words from the box to each column in
the table below. GLOBE RESTAURANT
bitter grilled mild roast shell soft
STARTERS
fruit herb raw seafood skin stone
Grilled squid
how eaten taste and part of food kind of food Soup of the day
texture Six oysters
fried hard leg meat Mushrooms with garlic
boiled sweet seed vegetable Tomato and avocado salad
MAIN COURSES
Fried chicken with potatoes (roast, boiled or fried)

Aubergines stuffed with rice
Spaghetti with tomato and clams
3 Match each description to one photo.
Spicy scallops with noodles
1 They’re a kind of seafood. They’re quite big and
white, not very soft, with a mild taste – not very salty. Leg of lamb with vegetables
They’re usually fried or grilled in the shell. They have Lamb curry
a big shell – almost the size of my hand.
Courgette and potato pie with Greek cheese
2 It’s a kind of fruit. It’s green. It has a very thick
skin, which you don’t eat, and a very big stone in DESSERTS
the middle. The inside is green and it’s not really
sweet or bitter. You usually eat it in a salad, or you Chocolate pudding with chocolate sauce
sometimes make a kind of sauce with it.
Fruit salad
4 Work in pairs. Take turns describing four Home-made strawberry and vanilla ice-cream
different foods for your partner to guess. Carrot cake (with cream)
Plate of cheese (with biscuits)
Mango Avocado Scallops Kiwi fruit
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7 Work in pairs. Decide who you think asks each 4 A: you like to see the drinks list, madam?
question (a–j) – a waiter (W) or a customer (C)? B: No thanks. we just have some water?
a Could I just have a coffee, please? 5 A: we ring them and book a table?
b Would you like to see the dessert menu? B: That’s a good idea. They get quite busy.
c Does it contain any meat? 6 A: you move your chair a little so I can get
d Shall we leave a tip? past?
e Could we get some water as well, please? B: I’ll get up. There’s not much room in here.
f Are you ready to order? 7 A: you like me to order for everyone?
g Have you booked? B: Yes, if you don’t mind. There’s so much to choose
from.
h Would you like a high chair for the little girl?
8 A: we get a taxi or do you want to walk?
i Could we have the bill, please?
B: Let’s walk. It’s a lovely night. It’s so warm.
j Could you get us a cloth, please?
11
Work in pairs. Take turns asking the questions
8 21Listen to six short conversations in The
from Exercise 10. Give different answers.
Globe restaurant. Put the questions (a–j) in
Exercise 7 in the order you hear them.
9 21 Work in pairs. Can you remember the
SPEAKING
answers to any of the ten questions? Discuss your 12
Work in groups. You are going to roleplay a
ideas. Then listen again and check your answers. conversation. One student is the waiter, and the
others are a group of friends. Decide who will
take which role. Look at The Globe restaurant
DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS menu and the guide below and think about what
you will say.
Offers, requests, suggestions Customers Waiter
To make polite offers, we often use Would you like …? Take drink order and
Would you like to see the menu? check customers
To make polite requests, we often use Could you / I / we …? understand the menu.
Ask about different
Could you get us a cloth, please?
dishes.
Could I just have a coffee?
Take the order and make
To make suggestions, we often use Shall I / we …? an offer / suggestion.
Discuss what you’re
Shall we leave a tip?
eating and make two
requests to the waiter.
10
Complete the questions with would, could Respond to requests.
or shall. Later, ask if they would
like desserts.
1 A: we just have a jug of tap water, please?
Discuss desserts
B: I’m afraid not, madam. You have to buy a bottle.
and / or ask for the bill.
2 A: we get the bill? Give the bill.
B: Yeah, it’s getting late and I’m tired. Discuss the bill and how
3 A: we have a half portion for the kids? you’ll pay.
B: Of course, sir.
13
Now roleplay the conversation.
Courgette Squid Aubergine Oyster
Unit 4 Eat 37
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START THE DAY
READING 1 I usually just heat something in the microwave. I’m
lazy to cook for myself.
1 Work in groups. Discuss these questions. 2 My doctor says I’m eating too sugar, so I
• What’s the most important meal of the day for you – should stop adding it to my tea.
breakfast, lunch or dinner? Why? 3 Too people these days eat fast food.
• What time do you usually have each meal? 4 My daughter helps me cook, but she’s not old
• Do you eat any snacks between meals? What? enough be left on her own in the kitchen.
2 Read the article about breakfast around the 5 They’re closing down the restaurant on the corner,
world and match each photo to a country. One because it does make money.
country does not have a photo. Name the food Check your ideas on page 171 and do Exercise 1.
and dishes you see.
6 Work in pairs. Use too / not … enough to
3 Read the article again and match each sentence
complain about the things in the box. Say what
(1–6) to a country / countries.
you would do to solve the problem.
1 People sometimes have a very sweet drink.
2 A local food has been linked to health. a coffee a hotel a meal a room
a car a jacket a movie a steak
3 Someone had a special food on a journey.
4 Some people only have two meals all day. It’s too hot to drink. Leave it to cool.
5 Habits have changed. (x 2) It’s too weak for my liking. Leave it for a bit longer.
6 People don’t have the traditional breakfast at It’s too bitter. Add some sugar.
home. (x 2)
4 Look at the words in bold in the article.
Complete the sentences below with the words
from the article. Then work in pairs and discuss SPEAKING
the questions. 7 Work in groups. Do you agree or disagree with
1 What does your breakfast of? the statements? Explain why.
2 How often do you something quick to eat • People don’t learn enough about cooking when they
instead of taking time to have a proper meal? are at school.
3 Do you ever eat from food in the street? • Kids eat too many sweet things these days.
Why? / Why not? • There aren’t enough good places to eat near here.
4 Have you ever had an upset after eating • Food is sold too cheaply in the shops.
food? What happened?
• The government isn’t doing enough to improve
5 How are you about your health and what people’s health.
you eat?
• Kids spend too much time on the internet.
6 What do you think is the for a long life?
• People’s lifestyles are too busy these days.
• We get too much homework in this class.
GRAMMAR
too and not … enough 8 22 Listen and repeat the sounds with /v/, /b/, /f/
We use too or not … enough to show there is a problem. and /p/. Are any of them difficult to hear or say?
We use too when we need less of something, and not …
enough when we need more of something. 9 23 Work in groups. Listen to eight sentences
using the words below. Together, try to write
5 Look at the sentences from the article and them down. Then listen again and check.
then complete sentences 1–5 with one word in
view bill typical fat
each space. serve book portion fixed
a They’re not adventurous enough to experiment with
anything new at breakfast. 10
b Would you have them or are they too spicy, too write collocations or phrases for the words in
fattening or just too different? Exercise 9.
c … they don’t have enough time to make breakfast. a view over the city, get a good view, sit and look at
d … fewer Irish eat the traditional Irish breakfast, or fry, the view
because it has too much fat.
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a b
c d
BREAKFAST AROUND THE WORLD

They say breakfast is the most important meal of the day. COSTA RICA
Maybe that’s why many people may be open to trying Many Costa Ricans start their day with the national dish, gallo
foreign food at lunch or dinner, but they’re not adventurous pinto, which is a mixture of fried rice and black beans. It’s
enough to experiment with anything new at breakfast. But lightly spiced and often served with fried plantain (a kind of
what about you? Below, we look at typical breakfasts in banana used like a vegetable in a lot of Central American and
Caribbean cooking), cream and fried eggs. There’s usually some
five different countries. Would you have them or are they too strong local coffee as well – or perhaps some agua dulce (‘sweet
spicy, too fattening or just too different? water’), which is made from sugar cane juice.
SOUTH KOREA EGYPT

The traditional breakfast is rice and soup. People then choose Visit any town in Egypt in the morning and you’ll find street
extra dishes to go with it such as grilled fish, vegetables and stalls selling foul medammes – beans cooked with tomatoes
kimchi, which is pickled cabbage with chillies. Kimchi is so and onions – and eaten with a boiled egg on top and lots of
popular that the first Korean astronaut took some with him to flat bread. Pickled vegetables are usually served as a side dish.
the international space station! Of course, these days, many For many poorer Egyptians, this is their only food until dinner.
Koreans have such busy lifestyles they don’t have enough time They say the dish is ‘a rock in the stomach’.
to make breakfast and just grab a quick coffee and some cereal
or toast. IRELAND
As people become more concerned about their health, fewer
BULGARIA Irish eat the traditional Irish breakfast, or fry, because it has
Breakfast in Bulgaria includes tea or strong coffee, sesame too much fat. However, many still eat it if they stay in a hotel,
bread and butter, cheese made from sheep’s milk, honey, olives, or they cook it on a special day. It consists of bacon, black
boiled eggs and – most importantly – kiselo mlyako, a local pudding (a kind of sausage made with blood), white pudding
yoghurt. Bulgaria has a lot of people aged over 100 and many (another kind of sausage), fried eggs, fried mushrooms and
believe that the secret behind this is their yoghurt, which most toast – all served with strong Irish tea!
Bulgarians eat every day.
Unit 4 Eat 39
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VIDEO 2
FORBIDDEN FRUIT
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo. Discuss these 6 Work in groups. Discuss these questions.
questions. • What’s your favourite fruit? Are there any fruits you
• Do you know what this fruit is? Have you ever tried it? really don’t like? Why?
• Where do you think it might be most popular? • Would you try durian – if you haven’t already? Why? /
Why not?
• What problems might be connected to the fruit?
• Are there any smelly foods that you really like?
2 Watch the video. Find three problems
7
• What other problems with guests do you think hotel
caused by the fact that this fruit is so popular. staff sometimes face?
3 Work in pairs. Can you remember:
1 the four different ways people described the smell UNDERSTANDING FAST SPEECH
of durian?
7 8 Read and listen to this extract from the
2 why cheese was mentioned? video said at natural pace and then slowed
3 the price of durian? down. To help you, groups of words are marked
4 where the smell of durians can spread to if people with / and pauses are marked //. Stressed
eat them in hotels? sounds are in CAPITALS.
5 the ways of removing the smell of durians? Other CULtures / LOVE / FOODS / that SMELL
4 7 Watch the video again to check your ideas. STRONGly // CHEESE / a FAvourite / in the WEST // is
ACtually ROtted MILK // a SMELL PEOple in Asia / find
5 Decide which sentences below are facts and
disGUSting
which are opinions. Work in pairs. Compare
your ideas and discuss how you reached your 8 Now you have a go! Practise saying the extract
decisions. at natural pace.
1 The durian is a seasonal fruit.
2 Durians are awful.
3 Durians are banned from some hotels.
4 They smell like a rubbish dump.
5 Asian people think cheese smells disgusting.
6 Durians don’t bear fruit for at least fifteen years.
40
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Review 2 Vocabulary
1 book a a big selection / a meal
Grammar
2 join b the first exit / ages
1 Complete the text with one word in each space.
3 go through c to work / a horse
Contractions like don’t count as one word.
4 taste d a flight / a seat
I was surprised to find out my friend, Sergio, has
1
travelled abroad before. It’s funny, because 5 take e the queue / the army
he’s done a 2 of other unusual things. He 6 ride f £10 / you for parking
told me when he 3 driving me to the airport. 7 charge g disgusting / like chicken
We were on the motorway and we 4 chatting 8 have h security / the traffic lights
when I suddenly noticed that there weren’t 5
signs to the airport. I asked him ‘Are you sure this is 7 Decide if these words are connected to flights,
the 6 way?’ and he said, ‘I think so, but I driving or food.
7
never been there before.’ So we stopped at
cancelled a licence a roundabout skin
a service station and 8 for directions, and of
check in mild seafood a truck
course we were on the wrong road. Luckily, we still had land roast a service station a vehicle
plenty 9 time before my flight took off and so I
10
miss it. 8 Complete the sentences. Use the word in
2 Make two questions from each group of words. brackets to form a word that fits in the space.
1 Did / Have / he / you / go / eaten / with / you / here / 1 On the way to the meeting, I got in traffic,
before so I arrived late. (stick)
2 What / Has / would / he / you / like / finished / for / 2 The plane was delayed so we were waiting in the
eating / dessert lounge for three hours. (depart)
3 Where / What / have / time / did / you / you / been / 3 We were at the end of the queue at the
get / here gate. (board)
4 How / How / much / long / has / did / she / lived / it / 4 The staff were all very helpful and , even
cost / here / though people were angry. (friend)
5 Could / Who / I / were / have / you / talking / a / 5 We went to a place near here last night. It
coffee / please / to / earlier was great. (Japan)
6 Do you know it? It’s opposite the entrance
3 Choose the correct option. to the park. (direct)
1 A: What are you having? 7 There wasn’t a big of dishes but all the
B: Just much / some soup and bread. I had / I’ve had food was delicious. (choose)
breakfast an hour ago and I’m not very hungry 8 I had fish for my main course. (grill)
now.
2 A: Shall / Could you pass me the salt and pepper? 9 Complete the email with one word in each
space. The first letters are given.
B: Here’s the pepper, but I’m afraid there’s any / no
salt left. We need to buy any / some more. Hi there Simon,
3 A: Have you ever saw / seen that programme King Just a quick email about arrangements for Saturday.
Cook? The match starts at five, so shall we get to the stadium
B: Yeah, a few / plenty times, but I haven’t liked / around four? There are sometimes big 1qu
didn’t like it that much. to get in so it’s good to arrive early. Don’t drive there –
4 A: How did / has the accident happen? it’s almost impossible to 2pa . The easiest
B: The other driver was texting / texted on his mobile way to go is to take the 3und . Donostia
phone, so he didn’t see the stop sign. is the nearest station to the football 4gr .
It’s on the red 5li . When you come out
A: How stupid! You’re lucky he didn’t do a bit of /
much damage to your car. of the station, you’ll see a big department store
on the 6ma road. Go past the store and
4 24 Listen and write the six questions you 7
ke going along that road until you come to a
hear. square with a big 8mo in the middle of it. You
5 Write replies to the questions in Exercise 4 to can’t 9mi it. Let’s meet there at four. It’s five
create short dialogues. minutes’ walk from there.
After the match, shall we go for something to eat?
There’s a really nice Mexican place near there. The
food’s 10de , the 11po are big and
12
it’s great va . It’s the perfect place to go
after a game.
Hugh
Review 2 41
90101_04_U4_p032-041.indd 41 6/29/16 11:42 AM

5
RELAX
42
90101_05_U5_p042-049.indd 42 21/08/2015 15:05

• talk about activities, places and equipment
• introduce negative comments
• make plans and arrange what to do
• talk about watching and doing different sports
• compare three or more things
• discuss relaxing – and stressful – experiences
SPEAKING
these questions.
• Where do you think the woman in the photo is?
• What is she doing?
• Why do you think people enjoy doing things like this?
• Do you find this kind of thing relaxing? Why? /
Why not?
2 Change partners. Discuss these questions.
• Which of the things below do you do? How often?
• Which things do other people you know do?
play cards watch football go fishing

do dance classes play basketball watch tennis
go swimming do yoga play golf
watch athletics go running do drawing
Unit 5 Relax 43
90101_05_U5_p042-049.indd 43 21/08/2015 15:05

WHAT ARE YOUR PLANS?
VOCABULARY Places and equipment LISTENING
1 Match each sport (1–6) with a pair of words 4 25 Listen to a conversation between Corinne
(a–f). and her friend, Maribel, who is visiting her.
1 swimming a rod / gear Tick (✓) the plans and arrangements for the
weekend that they talk about.
2 running b court / racket
• relaxing and doing nothing special
3 golf c pitch / boots
• looking round the shops
4 tennis d pool / trunks
• taking a flight
5 football e track / shoes
• watching a sports event
6 fishing f course / clubs
• doing some exercise
2 Work in pairs. Have six short conversations • going to a dance class
about the activities in Exercise 1. Use the
questions below and words from Exercise 1. • going on a trip to the country
• going to a swimming pool
Do you want to … with me on Saturday?
5 25 Listen again and complete the sentences
Is there a … near here?
with two or three words in each space.
Is there anywhere I can buy … near here? Contractions like I’m count as one word.
Do you have any …? / a spare …? 1 What are you going to do while ?
Can you hire … there? 2 I’m just going to .
A: Do you want to play golf with me on Saturday? 3 Yes – and Saturday morning, .
B: Yeah, maybe. Is there a course near here? 4 I’m sorry, but are coming.
A: There’s one about 30km away. 5 There’s actually an athletics track just .
6 To be honest, though, a park or
3 Work in groups. Discuss the questions. somewhere like that.
• Can you think of five more places or pieces of 7 Do you have any plans for us ?
equipment connected to the activities on page 43?
8 We’re thinking of going in the mountains
• What sport facilities are available near you? near here.
• What sports equipment do you have in your home? 9 Oh right. Do you have any ? I don’t have
anything with me.
10 If we want to of the day, we need to
leave early.
44
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6 Work in groups. Discuss the questions. 10
Put the words in a and b into the correct order
• Does the trip Corinne planned for Sunday sound to make questions.
good to you? Why? / Why not? 1 We’re having a picnic on Sunday if you’re interested.
• What time do you usually get up at the weekend? Why? a else / who / going / is / ?
• Do you prefer swimming in a pool, a river or the sea? b going / are / where / it / to / you / have / ?
Why?
2 I might go to watch Leeds United play on Saturday.
• Are there any particular activities you like doing
a are / who / playing / they / ?
outside or in the countryside?
b of / when / tickets / thinking / are / you / getting /
• Where’s the nicest place you’ve ever been walking,
the / ?
running or swimming?
3 My friend Jane’s coming to visit.
DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS a long / how / she / stay / going / is / to / ?

b you / are / while / of / what / doing / she’s /
thinking / here / ?
Introducing negative comments 11
Work in pairs. Have conversations using the
We often add a short phrase before making comments that ideas in Exercise 10.
are negative in some way.
12
Make sentences that are true for you using the
To be honest, I’d prefer a park.
ideas below. Change or add words if you need to.
I must admit, I’m a bit soft. The first one is done for you.
I have to say, I hate sport. I might go out and meet some friends tomorrow night.
I’m not sure yet.
7 Work in pairs. Tell your partner about negative I’m just going to stay in and relax tomorrow night.
characteristics you have using to be honest / I must
admit / I have to say. You may want to use some 1 I’m going to stay in and study tomorrow night.
of the words in the box. Explain your ideas. 2 I’m going to the cinema at the weekend.
a bad loser conservative lazy messy 3 My grandparents are coming for dinner tonight.
bad with money forgetful loud unfit 4 I’m meeting a friend for a drink tomorrow.
5 I’m playing basketball on Thursday.
8 Tell your partner five negative opinions. Think 6 A friend of mine is having a party on Friday night.
about free-time activities and interests, famous
people, places, food, music, films, etc. 13
Work in pairs. Tell your partner your sentences
To be honest, I don’t think German food is very nice. from Exercise 12. Your partner should ask
questions to find out more.
I must admit, I hate golf.
I have to say, I can’t stand Jason Statham. For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 172.
GRAMMAR CONVERSATION PRACTICE

14
Work in pairs. Imagine a friend is coming to
visit you for the weekend. Make a list of fun or
Plans and arrangements interesting things to do in your town / area.
To talk about future plans and arrangements we make with
other people, we can use going to + infinitive (without to), 15
Now have a conversation similar to the one you
the present continuous, be thinking of + -ing and might + heard in the listening. Take turns being A and B.
infinitive (without to). Use the guide below to help you.
Student A Student B
9 Match each sentence below to one of these
meanings. Ask what B wants to do.
a a definite arrangement or plan for the future Mention some things you
want to do. Ask if A has
b a possible plan not fully decided any plans.
1 I’m just going to take it easy. Suggest an activity.
Be positive, but ask to
2 I might go shopping in the morning. borrow something you
3 Some important clients are coming. need for the activity.
4 I’m not going to be up before eleven. Agree.
Ask questions to find out
5 I’m going to go for a walk after dinner. more about the activity.
6 Some friends might come round on Saturday.
7 I’m thinking of leaving quite early. 9 To watch the video and do the activities, see the DVD-ROM.
Unit 5 Relax 45
90101_05_U5_p042-049.indd 45 21/08/2015 15:05

The best game in the world
VOCABULARY Sports and games GRAMMAR
1 Complete 1–8 with the correct form of the verbs
in the box.
Superlatives
beat kick support time We use superlatives when comparing more than two things.
draw score throw win
1 I once a medal in a running race at school. 7 Look at the sentences from the talk. Then work
in pairs and discuss the questions below.
2 I 185 the last time I went bowling. That’s
my best ever. a Football is the most popular sport in the world.
3 A: How fast can you swim 100 metres, then? b Football is the simplest game to play.
c The basic rules are among the easiest to grasp of
B: I don’t usually myself, but I guess it’s
any sport.
around two minutes. I usually do about 30 lengths
in 20 minutes. 1 When do we use most to form superlatives?
4 We our last match 1–1. We were winning 2 When do we use -est to form superlatives?
until the 89th minute! 3 Why do we use -iest (not just -est) in sentence c?
5 My brother always me when we play
cards. I’m sure he cheats!
6 I was playing football in the street and I 8 Complete the sentences so they are true for you.
the ball through my neighbour’s window by mistake. Use the superlative forms of the adjectives in
7 Don’t it to me! I’m terrible at catching. brackets.
8 A: Who do you ? 1 is person I know. (tall)
B: Slavia Prague. I’ve got a season ticket, so I go to 2 person I know is probably . (fit)
all their home games.
3 is person I know. (clever)
2 Work in pairs. Take turns to choose five words 4 person in my family is . (relaxed)
or phrases from Exercise 1, and explain, act or 5 is building in my town. (ugly)
draw them. Your partner should guess the words
without looking at the book. 6 thing I’ve ever done is . (exciting)
B: This means you like a football team, and you always
want them to win.
PRONUNCIATION
A: Support?
B: Right. 9 27 Listen and notice how we usually
pronounce -est as /ɪst/. Practise saying the
3 Work in groups. Discuss these questions. sentences.
• Are you good at sport or at any other games?
• Have you ever won anything? 10
Work in groups. Compare your sentences from
• Do you know how fast you can swim / run / cycle? Exercise 8. Give extra details. For example:
• Do you support any teams? Why? A: My brother-in-law, Javier, is the tallest person I know.
He’s almost two metres.
• If you support a team, how’re they doing at the
moment? B: Really? OK. Well, I have a friend, Dimitry, who’s two
metres five. He’s a giant!
LISTENING For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 173.
4 Work in pairs. Think of three reasons to explain

why football is so popular around the world, and READING
three reasons why some people don’t like it.
11
Work in pairs. Look at the photos and discuss
5 26 Listen to a short talk about football’s the questions.
popularity. What two reasons does the speaker • Do you recognise any of the sports in the photos?
give for why people might not like the sport? What
• Where do you think each sport is most popular?
four reasons does he give to explain its popularity?
• What do you think are the basic rules of each sport?
6 Work in groups. If you are a football fan, explain • What do you think is good / bad about each sport?
why and argue against the reasons for not liking
it. If you’re not a fan, explain why not and argue 12
Read about three different sports. Match each
against the reasons for liking it. sport to one photo.
46
90101_05_U5_p042-049.indd 46 6/29/16 11:44 AM

a b c
d e f
13
Work in pairs. Decide which of the three
There’s more to sport than football sports:
1 is the most popular.
A
lthough it’s doesn’t attract big crowds or money, pato is 2 is the oldest.
the national sport of Argentina. It was invented in the 17th 3 is the newest.
century and originally involved two teams on horses trying 4 was once the most dangerous.
to prevent each other from carrying a duck (pato in Spanish) to
5 is the most dangerous now.
their farmhouse. The sport was banned for a while because of
violence – not only to the duck, but also to other players. Some were 14
Match the words in bold in the article with
killed in fights or because horses kicked them. The modern game these meanings.
(sometimes also known as ’horseball’) is a lot safer. Teams of four 1 try
riders fight for the ‘duck’ (now a ball with handles) and throw and
catch it to try and score in their opponent’s net. 2 stop
3 the result
S
ince 1948, keirin has become one of Japan’s biggest sports
4 the speed something happens at
with over 20 million spectators a year attending events.
People now bet over $15 billion dollars on the outcome of the 5 the person who you try to beat when you play
races. Keirin is like horse racing, but with cyclists. Nine competitors 6 the person who stops anyone cheating
ride round a track, following a cyclist who sets the pace at about 7 made illegal by the government
50km/h. He then leaves the track so the riders can race each other
8 try to win money by guessing the winner
for the last part of the race, reaching speeds of 70km/h. There are
often crashes as there is so little space to race in. Riders have to train
15 hours a day in special schools to be able to race, and can win SPEAKING
millions of dollars.
15
Work in groups. First, discuss the questions
B
ossaball is quite a new game with a small but growing number by talking about the sports in the texts.
of fans. It was invented in 2004 by a Belgian, Filip Eyckmans, Then talk about other sports / games you
and first became popular in Spain. It’s played on a special know. Explain your ideas.
inflatable pitch and is a mixture of volleyball, football, gymnastics • Which sport / game do you think is the most
and dance. Players bounce up and down and aim to pass, kick and fun to do?
head the ball over the net. The rules are quite complicated, but you • Which do you think is the best to watch?
basically lose a point when the ball touches the floor. The referee is
• Which do you think needs the most skill to do?
also a DJ who plays Brazilian music as the teams play.
• Which do you think needs the most fitness?
• Which do you think needs the most strength?
Unit 5 Relax 47
90101_05_U5_p042-049.indd 47 6/29/16 11:45 AM

TAKE THE STRESS OUT OF LIFE
SPEAKING LISTENING
1 Work in groups. Look at the activities below. 2 You are going to listen to a conversation about
Discuss if they are relaxing or stressful for you. two popular hobbies. First, work in pairs and do
Explain why. Use some of the patterns in the box. the following.
• Check you understand the words in the box below.
cooking or baking making or repairing things
drawing or colouring shopping • Discuss which words you think might go with each of
going to or having a party using computers these topics.
having a massage working or studying - colouring books for adults
- the maker movement (people making things for
It depends what for. I mean, I love shopping for clothes. themselves, by hand, instead of buying them)
It depends how much time I have. Sometimes I’m just depression furniture pattern
too busy. personal publish retail therapy
It depends how easy it is. I’m OK with simple things.
48
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3 28 Now listen to the conversation and check 8 Complete each sentence with one of the words
your ideas. What is the connection between the from the word family.
two hobbies? 1 expensive (adj), expense (n), inexpensive (adj)
4 28 Work in pairs. Discuss how to end the a The company I work for pays for all my travel
sentences. Listen again and check your ideas. when I go abroad.
1 Make-up, shopping and boys is the reason the b Tickets to see matches are quite , so
presenter . they always have big crowds.
2 One of the biggest areas of growth in publishing is 2 add (v), added (adj), addition (n), additional (adj)
. a I think you need to some salt or
3 The French publishers got a dramatic increase in something to it, to make it taste better.
sales by adding . b
In to having simple rules, it needs very
4 The task of colouring is similar for children and little equipment.
adults because . 3 support (v), support (n), supporter (n)
5 In the adult books, some of the designs are a The government doesn’t have much
. for its transport plans.
6 Karen thinks colouring has made a difference b The police arrested several people at the ground
because she’s more relaxed and . after fighting between rival .
7 The sociologist, Professor Townsend, believes 4 heat (v), heat (n), heating (n), heated (adj)
many people don’t like the fact that life has become
. a It’s really cold in here. Can you turn the
on?
8 Shopping involves difficult decisions, debt and
worrying about what others have, but making things b In August we usually go to the mountains to
involves . escape the summer .
5 manage (v), management (n), manager (n),
5 Work in pairs. Decide what the words in bold in manageable (adj)
Exercise 4 mean.
a I don’t to do everything I need to do,
6 Work in groups. Discuss these questions. as I have too much work and too little time.
• Do you like the idea of colouring books? Why? / b I just don’t like his style of .
Why not? 6 secure (adj), secure (v), security (n), insecure (adj)
• Do you ever make things? If not, why not? If yes, a They do their best to the airports and
what? How did you learn? flights against terrorist attacks.
• Do you think stress and / or depression is a problem b When the president visited, the was
in your country? In what ways do people deal with very tight.
these problems? Are they good or bad ways?
• Do you ever sleep badly? What advice would you 9 Can you explain or translate each of the
give to someone who can’t sleep? collocations in bold in Exercise 8?
• Do you agree with Professor Townsend’s views on 10
Discuss these questions.
shopping and making? Why? / Why not?
• What are your biggest expenses? What’s the most
expensive ticket you’ve ever bought?
UNDERSTANDING VOCABULARY • Who are rival supporters in your country? Is there
ever any trouble between them? Are there any
policies you strongly support at the moment?
Word families • Do you like the heat? Do you need heating in your
Word families are words connected in form and meaning. home? For how long in the year?
For example, in the listening you heard colouring books • Would you be a good manager? Why? / Why not?
are one of the biggest growth areas in publishing and
there’s growing interest in making things. Growth (n) and
growing (adj) are connected to grow (v). Different forms in SOUNDS AND VOCABULARY REVIEW
a word family often appear in the same text, and knowing
one word in a family helps you to understand the meaning 11
29 Listen and repeat the sounds with /l/ and
of other word forms. Try to also notice the different /r/. Are any of them difficult to hear or say?
collocates that go with each word form.
12
using these words. Together, try to write them
7 Look at the audio script for Track 28 on down. Then listen and check.
page 197. Find as many forms based on the
words in the box as you can. Decide if they are play race threw sale
nouns, adjectives, adverbs or verbs. pool relax track simple
child person occupy sell 13

drama publish relax stress
write collocations or phrases for the words in
Exercise 12.
play a game, play cards, play the piano
Unit 5 Relax 49
90101_05_U5_p042-049.indd 49 21/08/2015 15:05

6
50
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• describe people you know
• explain who people are – and which people you mean
• ask and answer common questions
• discuss similarities and differences
• describe character and abilities
• discuss uses of social media and online habits
SPEAKING
1 Imagine you are the photographer. Think
about these questions.
• Why did you take the photo of the boy?
• Who are the people in the small photo?
• Who is the boy and how does he know the people
in the small photo?
• What has happened since the black-and-white
photo was taken?
2 Work in pairs. Take turns to tell your stories.
3 Change partners. Tell your partner about:
• how often you take photos and what of.
• a favourite photo that you have. Explain who or
what is in it, and why you like it.
FAMILY AND
FRIENDS Unit 6 Family and friends 51
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WHO’S THE GUY IN THE MIDDLE?
LISTENING 5 What are the male equivalents of the female
words in Exercise 4?
1 31 Listen to a conversation between two
friends, Laura and Maya. They talk about the 6 Check you understand the phrases in bold.
people in the photo. Who are the people? Which people from Exercises 4 and 5 are the
sentences talking about?
1 My brother and his wife have recently had a baby girl.
2 We got to know each other because we work
closely together.
3 We shared an apartment in Gas Street when I first
moved here.
4 She got the house when we got divorced.
5 They moved next door last year and we immediately
got on.
6 I don’t really get on with him. He doesn’t think I’m
good enough for his daughter.
7 He’s over 70, but he only recently retired. So my
2 Complete the questions from the
31 dad runs the company on his own now.
conversation with the words in the box. 8 In age, there’s a big gap between us, but we’re very
Then listen again and check. close because I often picked her up from school and
looked after her until Mum or Dad got home.
Do How long Is Who
How How old What Why 7 Choose six of the phrases in bold from Exercise 6
to talk about friends and family. For example:
1 A: have you been here?
My cousin had a baby boy last year.
B: About half an hour.
My uncle works closely with my dad, because they run
2 A: else is coming? a bar together.
B: My little sister. I’m very close to my sister-in-law, because she was my
3 A: do you know her? best friend when she met my brother.
B: I met her on a business trip.
4 A: she just visiting? GRAMMAR
B: No, she’s working here.
5 A: does he do?
B: He’s a teacher. Question formation
Most questions are formed using the pattern:
6 A: did he go there?
B: His girlfriend is from there.
auxiliary verb pronoun / noun verb form
7 A: is he?
Do you / your brothers get on?
B: 34.
8 A: you get on well?
B: No, not really. 8 Look at these questions from the conversation.
Answer the questions below.
3 Work in pairs. B’s responses in Exercise 2 are
a How long have you been here?
incorrect. Try to remember what Laura and
Maya actually said. Look at the audio script for b What does he do?
Track 31 on page 197 and check your ideas. c Is she just visiting?
d Why did he go there?
VOCABULARY Family and friends 1 Which question(s) are in:
4 Decide if the words in the box refer only to - the present simple?
females, or to both males and females.
- the present continuous?
1 aunt 6 flatmate 11 neighbour - the present perfect?
2 classmate 7 girlfriend 12 mum - the past simple?
3 colleague 8 gran 13 mother-in-law 2 What are the auxiliary verbs and pronouns in each
question?
4 cousin 9 little sister 14 partner
5 ex-wife 10 niece 15 sister-in-law Check your ideas on page 173 and do Exercise 1.
52
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9 Put the words in the correct order to make 12
Complete the sentences with one word in each
questions. The first one is done for you. space.
1 live / do / where / you / ? Where do you live? 1 A: Who’s the the boy the black-and-white
2 know / you / anyone / in / the / do / class / ? photo?
3 known / have / how long / them / you / ? B: That’s me when I was six.
4 you / are / English / studying / why / ? 2 A: Who’s the guy the hat?
5 this school / have / studied / you / in / before / ? B: He’s a friend university.
6 enjoying / you / the / are / class / ? 3 A: Who was the woman sitting to you in
class today?
8 you / have / did / nice weekend / a / ?
B: That was my cousin, Wardah.
9 you / did / do / what / ?
4 A: How was the film?
B: The film was OK, but the man behind me
kept talking to his partner and the guy in
PRONUNCIATION of me had a really annoying laugh!
10
32 Listen to the questions from Exercise 9 – 5 A: Who’s the woman the baby?
first said slowly, then faster. Notice the stressed B: That was a colleague the place I worked
sounds in the faster speech. in Italy. I’ve forgotten her name now.
11
Work in groups. Ask and answer the questions. 13
Work in pairs. Talk about the photo below. Ask
and answer questions about who the different
For further practice, see Exercises 2 and 3 on page 174. people are and make comments about them.
DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS CONVERSATION PRACTICE

14
Think of three people you know. Choose one
friend, one family member, and one other person
Explaining who people are from school, work or other activities. Either draw
When we ask or answer questions about people, we often simple pictures of the three people or, if you have
add a phrase to explain who exactly we are talking about. photos of them on a mobile phone, use those.
The phrase starts with a preposition or an -ing form.
15
Have conversations like the one you heard in the
Who’s the other girl in the picture? listening. Show your pictures to your partner. Your
Who’s the guy with the blue suit? partner should start by asking: Who’s that? and
The girl with the red hair is my sister. continue the conversation by asking at least four
We use an -ing form to say what they’re doing. more questions about each of the people.
Anna was the woman sitting next to me in class yesterday. 10 To watch the video and do the activities, see the DVD-ROM.
Unit 6 Family and friends 53
90101_06_U6_p050-059.indd 53 21/08/2015 15:05

A FAMILY BUSINESS
SPEAKING 3 33 Listen again and complete the sentences
with three words in each space. Contractions
1 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions. like don’t count as one word.
• Do you know anyone who runs a family business? 1 I was a model younger and I did work for
What’s the business? Which members of the family several wedding magazines.
are involved in the business? How?
2 My husband was very supportive to start
• What do you think is good / bad about family-run my company.
businesses?
3 I think he thought it would always be small –
• Would you like to work with people in your family? something like a hobby – but it .
Why? / Why not?
4 I hope my daughter, Sophie, will business
• Do / Did you want to do what your parents do / did eventually.
as a job? Why? / Why not?
5 are both very determined – she doesn’t
stop until she succeeds at something!
LISTENING 6 And then, she also shares her father’s .
2 33Listen to a woman, Angela, talking about 7 He loves fashion and design, but I don’t think he has
her family business. Answer the questions. .
1 What is her business? 4 34 Listen to two of Angela’s children, Sophie
2 How successful is it? and Jerome, talking about the business. In what
3 Who is involved in the business? In what ways do ways do they agree / disagree with what their
they help with the business? mother said?
4 Who does she want to take over the business?
54
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5 Decide if you agree or disagree with these VOCABULARY Character and habits
statements about Angela’s family. Then work in
groups and discuss your ideas. 10
Match the sentences about general
characteristics (1–9) with the explanations (a–i).
• This kind of poor communication is common in
families. 1 She and I are both very determined.
• I don’t understand Sophie’s attitude to taking over 2 My granddad’s still very fit.
the business. 3 Neither of us are very practical.
• The mother should support Jerome more. He can 4 Neither of us are very organised.
learn to be harder in business. 5 We’re all very friendly and open in our family.
• Daughters normally have their mother’s character 6 My dad’s quite strict, whereas my mum’s a bit soft.
and sons have their father’s character. 7 None of us are very patient.
• Being the middle brother or sister is the most difficult 8 My sisters are both very bright.
place in the family. 9 My brother’s very calm and confident.
• The baby of the family always has an easy time –
especially when there’s a big age gap. a We’re not very good at building or repairing things.
b We’re always happy to welcome people into our
home.
GRAMMAR c We don’t give up. We keep going till we succeed.
d We often forget appointments and we’re both quite
messy.
Similarities and contrasts e We get frustrated quickly and start shouting.
We can use both, neither, all and none to show similarities,
e.g. how two or more people / things share the same f He goes running every day for about an hour.
characteristics. g He’s just very positive and sure of himself, whereas I
worry about things more.
6 Look at the sentences from the listening. Answer h I always ask her for things because she usually
the questions below. agrees.
i They always get top grades. I sometimes feel a bit
a We have three kids now and they’re all part of the stupid in comparison.
business too.
b She and I are both very determined. 11
Use each adjective in bold in Exercise 10 to talk
about you and your family.
c They’re both very good at negotiating prices,
whereas I think maybe my son, Jerome, is a bit To be honest, I’m not very determined. I give up quite
too soft. easily.
d I actually don’t want to run the business – none We’re all quite fit in my family. We all love sport.
of us do!
e Neither of them take no for an answer.
PRONUNCIATION
1 How many people do the words in bold refer to?
12
35 There are lots of pairs of words in
2 Which words show people are the same in not doing / English like friendly and open. The ‘and’ is
being something?
often pronounced /ən/ and the three words
3 When do you need of after all, both, none or neither? are said as one. Listen and practise saying the
4 What word has a similar meaning to but? word pairs you hear.
Check your ideas on page 174 and do Exercise 1. 13
Work in pairs. How many pairs of words
from Exercise 12 can you remember? Look at
7 Work in pairs. Ask questions to find out what audio script 35 on page 198 and check.
you have in common with your partner. How
many similarities can you find in five minutes?
8 Join another pair of students and explain your SPEAKING
similarities and differences. Use both (of us) / 14
Work in pairs. Which of your friends and family
neither of us and whereas. would be good at these tasks in a business? Use
your own ideas and language from this lesson to
9 Now explain to the class what different things
explain why.
the students in your group have in common. Use
all and none (of us). controlling costs and finance managing staff
developing new products negotiating prices
doing sales networking
giving presentations organising transport
keeping the office tidy sorting out arguments
making decisions writing contracts
90101_06_U6_p050-059.indd 55 21/08/2015 15:06

MY SOCIAL NETWORK
READING UNDERSTANDING VOCABULARY
1 Work in groups. Read the short text below. Then
discuss these questions.
1 What exactly do you think the girl did wrong?
Words with the same verb and
2 Why do you think she did it?
noun forms
Nouns and verbs in the same word family sometimes have
3 Does this story remind you of any other similar different forms. For example: grow (verb) – growth (noun),
stories? secure (verb) – security (noun), etc. However, often a word
4 How do you keep in touch with your close friends can be used as both a verb and a noun, e.g. phone.
and family?
5 Do you have online friends that you’ve never met in 6 Six of the words in the box can be used as both
real life? Who? verbs and nouns. Which two words can’t?
accept email post stream

comment ignore quote update
Everyone enjoys meeting new people and
making friends – and the internet’s made 1this 7 Complete each sentence with the correct form
much easier. However, online friends don’t of one of the words in the box in Exercise 6.
always behave in the way we expect our real life 1 She all these awful photos of her ex-
friends to. For instance, I recently read about a boyfriend online last week.
teenage girl who posted inappropriate photos 2 I wanted to on that post, but I just didn’t
of a school friend on the web. The photos soon have time.
went viral. Over 100 people shared 2them almost 3 I know. I saw her status on Facebook
immediately – and 3thousands more saw and earlier.
commented on them. Following a complaint from 4 Can you me the details later?
4
her friend’s parents, the head teacher spoke to
5 To my dad: your best friends are made
the girl. ‘How did 5this happen?’ 6he asked. The by time.
girl then explained she had more than a thousand
6 We managed to find a live and so we
online friends, so things spread very quickly.
watched the game online.
When asked how many of 7these people were
real friends, 8the girl immediately replied ‘Six!’. 8 Work in pairs. Think of three more words that
can be used as both verbs and nouns. Write
examples showing how to use both the verb and
the noun for all three words.
2 Work in pairs. What do the words in bold in the
text refer to? SOUNDS AND VOCABULARY REVIEW
3 Read the quiz on page 57. Choose one answer 9 36 Listen and repeat the sounds with /w/ and
for each question. Think of the reasons for your /g/. Are any of them difficult to hear or say?
choices.
10
4 Complete the definitions below with words from using these words. Together, try to write them
the quiz. down. Then listen again and check.
1 If you an online picture, you add the
weekend negotiate vague wedding
names of the people in it. quote quiz work gap
2 If someone does something without your ,
they do it before you say it’s OK. 11
3 If you fun of someone, you laugh at them write collocations / phrases for the words in
and make jokes about them. Exercise 10.
4 If you someone, you remove them from Have a great weekend.
your list of online friends.
I might go shopping at the weekend.
5 If you post status updates, it’s not clear
how you feel or what has happened. I went there last weekend.
6 If you someone, you stop them from
seeing your status updates, photos, etc.
5 Work in groups of three. Discuss your answers
to the quiz, and explain your choices. Who are
you more similar to in your group?
56
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WHAT KIND OF AN ONLINE FRIEND ARE YOU?
1 A friend posts and tags a picture of you online
without your permission. Do you: 66 Your sister often takes online quizzes – and wants you to
do the same. Do you:
a ‘like’ the post? a take them all, but only post your score when you do well?
b add a comment to show you’re not happy about the photo? b generally ignore them, but sometimes quickly take one or two?
c send a message asking your friend to remove the photo? c write – and share – your own quiz called How much time can
YOU waste on quizzes?
22 A friend often posts pictures of cute animals doing
a
funny things. Do you:
share the pictures with all your online friends?
77 One of your cousins often posts inspiring quotes like
Follow your dreams. Do you:
b sometimes look at them and smile to yourself? a share them with all your friends because you love positive ideas?
c hide any further posts from this person? b comment occasionally on ones you like, but mostly just not look
at them?
33 A few of your friends post lots of ‘selfies’ – photos

they took of themselves. Do you:
c hide the posts if you can – and if you can’t, unfriend your
cousin?
a comment on how great your friends look in the photos?

b make fun of your friends – in a nice way – by writing the 88 Your grandmother loves playing online games – and
wants you to join her. Do you:
opposite of what you really think?
a accept and play whenever you get the chance?
c ‘unfriend’ them?
b politely explain that you’d really like to, but don’t have time?
44 A friend often posts vague status updates – things

like So angry right now! Do you:
c post a message telling friends to never ask you to play any
online games – ever?
a try to find out why your friend feels like this?

b not comment yourself, but watch other people’s 99 A friend of a friend sends a friend request – and says
they like your photo. Do you:
comments to find out what’s happening?
a accept because it’s always good to make new contacts?
c show you’re annoyed by posting things like Nobody cares?
b ignore the request and pretend it didn’t happen?
55 Your brother posts photos of almost every meal he

ever eats. Do you:
c delete the request and block the person?
a sometimes comment and write things like Wow! Looks

delicious?
10
An old friend starts posting a lot about his ex-girlfriend.
Do you:
b not comment or spend any time looking at the photos, but a phone him or arrange to meet face to face to discuss his
then start feeling hungry yourself? problems?
c make fun of him by posting pictures of disgusting things b try to write positive comments when you have time?
and writing that they’re your dinner? c feel uncomfortable and unsure of what to say?
90101_06_U6_p050-059.indd 57 21/08/2015 15:06

VIDEO 3
WOMAD
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo. Say: 5 Complete the second phrase with the correct
• what’s happening in the photo. form of the word in bold. The first one is done
for you.
• what kind of performances happen at a place like this.
1 combine different styles
• what’s good and bad about these kinds of events. a combination of dance and drama
2 11 Watch the first part of the video (0.00– 2 perform on the main stage
1.22) about the WOMAD festival. Find out: give a great
1 who takes part in the festival. 3 find him inspiring
get from the world around me
2 what WOMAD stands for.
4 get on with my neighbours
3 who co-founded the festival.
live in a nice
4 why he founded it.
5 personally, I don’t like it
3 Work in groups. Discuss these questions express my view
• Would you like to go to a festival like WOMAD? 6 celebrate my birthday
Why? / Why not? it’s a of our culture
• Who are the most famous foreign musicians in your 7 continue the tradition
country? wear clothes
• What kind of music do they play? Do you like what 6 Work in pairs. Take turns to talk about one of
they do? the following topics. Your partner should ask
• Are any musicians from your country famous abroad? questions to find out more.
Where? • a festival I know about
4 11 Watch the second part of the video • music I like
(1.23–4.24), about a band called Spaccanapoli.
Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)? UNDERSTANDING FAST SPEECH
1 Eight people play in the band.
2 They’ve played at WOMAD several times. video said at natural pace and then slowed
3 Marcello taught himself to play the tambourine. down. To help you, groups of words are marked
4 Their music mixes different styles. with / and pauses are marked //. Stressed
sounds are in CAPITALS.
5 They don’t normally sing in the streets.
6 The song he sings at the end is a love song. and THERE were these // REAlly sTUNning // VOICes /
DOing // much BEtter than I ever could / so THAT was //
really insPIring for me
at natural pace.
58
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Review 3 Vocabulary
1 hire a an update / a comment
Grammar 2 score b the ball out / it hard
1 Complete the text with one word in each space. 3 kick c a baby boy / a spare racket
Tina, 4 have d my own company / a hotel
1
Just a quick one to tell you what happening 5 control e 20 points / twice
on Saturday. We’ve decided that 2 easiest 6 post f films / music
way to get to the festival is to drive. Kwab can take the
7 run g some skis / some clubs
others, and my brother’s 3 with us now and
has a car. He’s 4 to pick us up at ten. One 8 stream h costs / the crowd
thing to mention – he 5 bring his two kids 7 Decide if these words and phrases are connected
too, if he can’t find a babysitter. I hope you don’t mind. to sport or friends and family.
Neither of 6 are any trouble and I think they’re
7
quite excited by the idea of going to a real age gap draw opponent retired
rock music festival. We’re 8 taking any food bet forgetful pitch soft
with us. We 9 just going to buy something classmate niece race track
from one of the food stalls there. 10 you
looked at the programme yet? Who 11 you 8 Complete the sentences. Use the word in
want to see? I’m 12 of going to see Los brackets to form a word that fits in the space.
Enemigos first. What about you? 1 There has been a huge in the number of
people cycling in recent years. (grow)
Luisa
2 Stopping smoking has made a huge . I can
2 Make two questions from each group of words. run a lot faster now. (different)
1 Why / How / long / did / have / you / you / move / 3 You can’t play tennis in this . Let’s play
known / here / each / other later, when it’s cooler. (hot)
2 How / When / old / are / is / they / thinking / your / 4 The football club has tried to improve at
gran / of / leaving matches, but there are still some problems. (secure)
3 Who / What / are / happened / you / going / last / 5 There was some trouble at the match between the
night / with rival . (support)
4 What / What / team / is / the / do / quickest / you / 6 My sister’s room is quite messy, but in other ways
way / to / support / get / there she’s very . (organise)
3 Complete the second sentence so that it has a 7 My mum taught for years and she’s given me lots
similar meaning to the first sentence, using the of advice since I started as a teacher.
(practice)
word given. Do not change the word given. You
must use between two and four words, including 8 I’d like to get a job in , when I finish
the word given. university. (publish)
1 Is this your first ever yoga lesson? 9 The of the books haven’t been very good,
unfortunately. (sell)
yoga before? YOU
10 We probably need to do some marketing
2 We might go swimming in the lake later. to sell more. (addition)
We swimming in the lake later. OF
3 We are both really competitive. The first letters are given.
likes to lose. US
My best friend is probably my flatmate, Dietmar.
4 I’ve never seen anything so funny. We first met playing at a tennis 1cl . We
It was I’ve ever seen. THING didn’t really 2g o immediately,
5 No-one in my family likes football. maybe because he 3su Bayern Munich,
4
wh I’m a fan of Schalke, but mainly because
We in my family. HATE
he usually 5be me at tennis. I have to
6 He beat the world record for swimming 50m. 6
ad , I am a very bad 7lo . He
He in the world. SWIMMER doesn’t get upset, he’s usually quite 8c when
he loses. Gradually, I got to 9k him better and
4 38 Listen and write the six sentences you
realised he’s just a really great guy – very friendly and
hear. 10
o . I guess that’s one reason he’s such a
5 Write a sentence before and after the sentences good salesman, because people are always happy to
in Exercise 4 to create short dialogues. talk to him and he’s really good at 11ne . On
top of that, he’s really 12de , so when there’s a
chance of a sale he doesn’t give up.
Review 3 59
90101_06_U6_p050-059.indd 59 6/29/16 11:47 AM

7
60
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• explain where you are from
• describe your town and area
• ask useful questions when staying with people
• ask for permission to do things
• show guests round your house or apartment
SPEAKING
the questions.
• Where do you think this is? Why?
• What kind of building might this be?
• Why do you think the map of the world is here?
• Where’s your home on the map?
• How many countries or areas on the map can you
name?
2 Work with a new partner. Discuss the
questions.
• Which places in your own country have you visited
or lived in?
• Do you have a favourite town, city or area in your
country? Why?
• Do you have any family or friends in other parts of
the country?
YOUR PLACE Unit 7 Your place 61
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WHEREABOUTS EXACTLY?
LISTENING 4 39 Listen again and check your answers to
Exercise 3. Look at the audio script for Track 39
1 You are going to hear conversations with people on page 198 if you need to.
from Italy, Texas and Oman. First, work in
groups. Discuss what you know about each 5 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.
place. Think about: • Which place sounds like the best place to live in? Why?
• any famous towns, cities or regions – and what • Which place sounds like the best place for a holiday?
they’re like. Why?
• any famous people or companies from each place. • Are any famous companies based where you live?
• the climate in each place. • Have you ever met anyone who made you think it’s a
small world? Who? Why?
2 39 Listen to the three conversations. Find out:
1 where exactly the second speaker in each
conversation is from. DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS
2 what each place is like.
3 Work in pairs. Decide which conversations these Explaining where places are
phrases came from. Explain your decisions. When people ask where exactly we’re from, we often
a My geography isn’t very good. first say the name of the place and then explain where it
is. This can mean saying which part of the country it’s in,
b It’s a small city in the north-east. or where it is in relation to more famous places the other
c The climate’s lovely. person might know.
d Lots of people from different countries live there. E: So where are you from Chuck?
e It’s easy to get round. F: Texas.
f It spreads along the coast. E: Whereabouts?
g Did you catch anything? F: I doubt you’ll know it. It’s a little town called Harlingen.
It’s right in the south – by the Mexican border.
h You can walk along the banks.
i What a small world!
62
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6 Look at the map of Scotland. Match the 8 Write five sentences to describe places you know
sentences (1–8) to the places (a–h) on the map. – in your country or somewhere else in the world.
1 It’s a port on the north-east coast. Then work in groups. Take turns to describe a
place. Can the rest of the group guess the place?
2 It’s a tiny village in the centre of the country.
A: It’s an important port. It’s on the north-west coast of
3 It’s a small market town in the north-east. Russia. It’s near the border with Finland.
4 It’s a big city in the west of the country. B: Murmansk?
5 It’s a small industrial town about halfway between A: You got it.
Edinburgh and Glasgow.
6 It’s an island off the west coast.
VOCABULARY Describing places
7 It’s an area in the south-west that borders England.
8 It’s quite a small town right up on the north coast.
9 Work in pairs. Discuss which is the odd one out
in each group. Explain your decisions.
7 Work in pairs. Cover the sentences in Exercise 6. 1 dry / climate / warm / cold / buildings
Take turns starting a conversation, and answer
2 industrial / a forest / steel / factories / a car plant
using the map of Scotland and the language
from Exercise 6. 3 green / parks / trees / dirty / countryside
A: Where are you from? 4 churches / traffic / transport / pollution / the
underground
B: Scotland.
5 village / exciting / cinemas / bars / 24-hour culture
A: Really? What part?
6 agriculture / fields / squares / farms / rural
B: Inverness. Do you know it?
7 coast / desert / fishing / port / ocean / beach
A: No, where is it?
8 museum / old / historic / city wall / modern
B: Oh, it’s a port on the north-east coast.
9 crime / lovely / dangerous / murder / steal
10 river / bridge / financial / boat / bank
10
Work in pairs. Try to think of a place that fits
each description below. Discuss what you know
about each place. Have you ever been to any of
the places?
• a place on the coast with a warm climate, where old
people often retire
• an industrial city with a big steel factory or car plant
• a town or city with a good transport system
• a city that’s quite dirty, but that’s surrounded by nice
countryside
• a very exciting city with a 24-hour culture
• a rural area with a lot of farms and agriculture
• a town by the sea with a fishing industry
• a historic city that has a wall round part of it
• a place which is quite dangerous with a lot of crime
• a town with a river going through it
11
Think about how to answer the questions below.
You can give answers that are true for you – or
invent answers.
Where are you from? Where’s that?
Whereabouts (do you live)? Where’s that?
What’s it like?
12
Have conversations with other students to find
out where they are from and what it’s like.
Unit 7 Your place 63
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A BIG MOVE
VOCABULARY Where I live READING
1 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. 3 Work in groups of four: two As and two Bs.
• What is good or bad about living in each of the Student As: read the two stories on these pages.
different places below?
• Do you know anyone who lives, or has lived in, Student Bs: read File 13 on page 190.
places like this? When? Why? Do / Did they like it?
With the person who read the same texts, answer
1 university halls of residence the questions.
2 the top floor of a block of flats 1 Whereabouts is each person living?
3 an army base 2 What kind of place is each person living in?
4 an old people’s home 3 Why did they move there?
5 a shared house 4 What’s good / bad about each person’s situation?
6 a studio flat
4 Now work in pairs: one Student A and one
2 Match each place in Exercise 1 with a pair of Student B. Ask and answer the questions in
phrases below. Exercise 3 about the texts you read.
a take the lift / have a great view 5 Read the two stories your partner read. Then
b do military service / at war with another country decide which of the four people:
c noisy students / have my own sink 1 isn’t earning very much.
d not much space / absolutely tiny 2 has lost someone close to them.
e staff treat people with respect / have a good 3 doesn’t have a high position in a company.
reputation 4 has relatives who helped find their new home.
f split the bills / take turns to clean the bathroom 5 notices other people’s bad habits.
6 sometimes feels down because they’re on their own.
DONG MEI 7 wants to make a positive difference.

8 has had a change in character.
I’m from Harbin, in the north-east of China, but I moved
to Wales last year to do a Master’s degree. It’s the first
time I’ve lived away from home, so I miss my family, but
most of the time I love it. I’m living in the university halls
of residence. I have my own room with a sink to wash
in, but I have to share the bathroom. That’s not great.
Sometimes you have to wait or people leave it dirty. I also
MY NEW
share the kitchen, but that’s OK because it’s a good place
to meet the other students and talk. I’ve taught some
of my flatmates to cook some Chinese dishes! Some of
them didn’t know to cook eggs, so it’s really helped to
make friends.
HOME
I think I’m more confident now, maybe because I have to
do things for myself and I find I can do them well. Well,
I can do them OK. And I love the freedom to do what I
want. I can come home late and I don’t have to answer
questions about where I’ve been.
64
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6 Do you agree or disagree with these statements? 8 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
Work in groups and discuss your ideas. have to, don’t have to or can.
• The hardest thing to learn when you first leave home 1 My flat’s quite close. We walk there in ten
is how to manage your money. minutes.
• Living apart from your husband or wife is a good test 2 Do you pay extra for the bills or are they
of a relationship. included?
• Military service is a good idea. 3 My parents are quite liberal. For example, friends
• It’s better to stay and help your country develop than stay at my house if they want to.
to leave it. 4 She’s really lucky! She do any housework
• Children should look after their parents – instead of at all!
putting them in homes. 5 My parents are quite strict. I help with all
the cooking and cleaning.
GRAMMAR 6 I don’t get on with my sister. I
without having an argument!
talk to her
have to, don’t have to, can and can’t

7 Look at the sentences from the stories. Then
complete the rules in the Grammar box. PRONUNCIATION
a I have to share the bathroom. Sometimes I have to wait. 9 40 Listen to the sentences from Exercise 8.
b I can come home late and I don’t have to answer Notice that in normal speech have to is
questions about where I’ve been. usually pronounced /hæftə/ and can is
c Sometimes junior staff don’t want to go, but they can’t pronounced /kən/. Then listen again and
say no. practise saying the sentences.
10
Make a list of good and bad things about where
1 To talk about rules – or things that are necessary to do, you live. Use have to, don’t have to, can and can’t.
use + verb.
2 To talk about things that are not necessary, use 11
Work in groups. Compare your ideas. Who lives
+ verb. in the best place? Why? Does anyone know a
3 To show something is possible and you are free to do it
person outside the group who lives in a better
if you want, use + verb. place?
4 To show something is not possible and you have no For further practice, see Exercises 2 and 3 on page 175.
choice, use + verb.
KENTA
I work for a big Japanese car company. It’s a secure job and the money’s good, but
because I’m a junior member of staff, I have to work in different places overseas every
couple of years. Sometimes junior staff don’t want to go, but they can’t say no, because
refusing can affect their future career. However, I always think it’s a great opportunity
and I learn about other cultures. Anyway, I’m currently based in Togliatti in Russia,
about 500 miles south-east of Moscow. It’s very different to my home town, Fukuoka.
It’s colder, of course, and the food is very different too, but I have a nice apartment on
the top floor of a big block.
The hardest thing for me this time is that my wife and two children are still in Japan.
I can visit three times a year, and we keep in touch online, but I get very lonely
sometimes and I miss my kids terribly. On the positive side, though, I’m getting more
experience and learning a lot, and that’s very useful to get a senior job in the company.
90101_07_U7_p060-067.indd 65 21/08/2015 15:06

LET ME SHOW YOU ROUND
LISTENING 5 42 Listen and check your answers. Notice
how the words link together in Do you mind if I
1 Work in groups. Discuss which of the following and Is it OK if I …? Then work in pairs. Practise
you expect to do in the first half an hour after asking and responding to the questions in
arriving at someone’s house to stay. What might Exercise 4.
the people say in each case?
• kiss each other 6 43 Listen to the second part of the
conversation between Maksim, Oliver and
• be introduced to everyone in the house Isabel. Take notes on:
• talk about your journey • the rooms Isabel mentions.
• take your shoes off • any comments connected to each room.
• have a wash or shower
7 43 Work in pairs. For each sentence, decide
• have something to drink or eat where the speakers are and what / who they are
• see all the rooms in the house talking about. Use your notes to help you. Then
• give a present to the host listen again and check.
1 He won’t bite you. I promise. He’s very friendly.
2 Listen to a conversation between Maksim
41
from Uzbekistan and the family he is visiting. 2 I’ll do it for you if you like.
Which four things in Exercise 1 happen? 3 You’ll probably have to watch repeats of The Big
Bang Theory.
4 We won’t go in there. It’s a mess!
• Would you like to receive Maksim’s presents?
5 I’ll get you some towels in a moment.
• Have you had any presents from people who have
visited you? Do you still have the present? 6 He’ll remind me of home.
• When was the last time you stayed in someone’s 7 I think you’ll be warm enough.
house? How long did you stay? Where did you
sleep? Were there any rules for the house? GRAMMAR
will / won’t
We use will / won’t + infinitive (without to) to talk about
Asking for permission future actions or give opinions about the future. We often
In the listening you heard Maksim ask for permission like use will / won’t as an immediate response to situations or
this: Is it OK if I …? and Do you mind if I …? Look at the things people say.
positive and negative ways to respond to these requests.
A: Is it OK if I take my shoes off? 8 Look at the examples of will / won’t in Exercise 7.
B: Sure. Go ahead. (+) Find the following.
B: Well, actually, I’d rather you didn’t. (-) a two examples of offers
b three examples of opinions
A: Do you mind if I smoke?
c one example of a decision
B: No, of course not. Go ahead. (+)
B: Well, actually, I’d rather you didn’t inside. (-)
d one example of a promise
4 Match the questions 1–6 to the responses a–f.
9 Work in pairs. Use will / won’t to respond to
1 Do you mind if I open the window?
these sentences. You can make a promise, an
2 Do you mind if I use your computer? offer, a decision or you can give / ask for an
3 Do you mind if I borrow your phone for a minute? opinion about the future.
4 Is it OK if I leave class early today? 1 These bags are really heavy.
5 Is it OK if I close the window? 2 Is it OK if I make myself something to eat?
6 Is it OK if I leave these papers here?
3 Do you mind if I go out later?
a No, of course not. It is quite hot, isn’t it? 4 Have you finished that book I lent you?
b I’d rather you didn’t. I’m trying to tidy up. 5 I’m sorry. I’m looking for the station.
c No, of course not. One minute. I’ll just log off. 6 Say goodbye to your brother for me.
d Yes, of course. It is quite cold, isn’t it?
7 What clothes do you think I need to take?
e Yes, of course. Just make sure you do your homework.
8 Are you ready to order?
f Actually, I’d rather you didn’t. I don’t have much credit.
66
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10
With the same partner, have three-line SPEAKING
conversations using your ideas and the
sentences in Exercise 9. 12
Work in pairs. You are going to roleplay a
conversation between a guest and the host, who
A: These bags are really heavy.
shows the guest round their house.
B: I’ll carry one for you, if you want.
A: Well, if you don’t mind. Thank you. It’s very kind of you.
Student A: read File 3 on page 187.
For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 176. Student B: read File 10 on page 190.
Now roleplay the conversation.
VOCABULARY Staying with people
11
Complete the sentences with these verbs.
13
44 Listen and repeat the sounds with /æ/, /aː/
borrow hang leave lock take off and /aɪ/. Are any of them difficult to hear or say?
clear help lend show use
14
1 Do you want me to my shoes before I using the words below. Together, try to write
come in? them down. Then listen again and check.
2 Can I an umbrella? They said it might rain
later. bank farm island market
climate financial map mind
3 That was delicious! Shall I help you the
table?
15
4 You can just your bag and things in the write collocations or phrases for the words in
corner there. Exercise 14.
5 You can your coat on the back of the door walk along the river bank,
there.
sit on the bank,
6 Could you me a phone charger?
see people fishing on the banks
7 Make sure you the door if you come home
late.
8 Let me you round the house.
9 Do you mind if I your bathroom?
10
yourself to anything to eat or drink.
90101_07_U7_p060-067.indd 67 21/08/2015 15:06

8
EDUCATION
68
90101_08_U8_p068-077.indd 68 21/08/2015 15:07

• describe your academic experiences
• respond with surprise to negative sentences
• talk about future situations
• talk about the education system in your country
• discuss cheating in education – and in other areas
of life
SPEAKING
the questions.
• What do you think the people are learning?
• Where do you think it is?
• Why do you think they are learning this? Do you
think it’s a good idea?
• What adult education programmes are there where
you live?
• Have you studied or learned a skill outside of
school or university? What?
2 Work with a new partner. Look at the subjects
in the box and explain which subjects:
• you liked at school.
• you are good at / not very good at.
• you are still interested in.
art and design economics history maths

computing geography languages science
Unit 8 Education 69
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GET THE GRADES
VOCABULARY Stages of education 5 47 Work in pairs. Try to complete the
questions below. Then listen again and check
1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. your answers.
a year off left school primary school Conversation 1
do a Master’s my finals second year 1 school, Ollie?
graduated nursery university
2 What favourite subjects?
1 My three-year-old starts next month, so I 3 How long left?
can go back to work. 4 What are you going to do ?
2 When I was at , I wanted to become a Conversation 2
doctor, but when I went to secondary school I got
bad grades in science. 5 What course , Pep?
3 My brother’s in his at secondary school. 6 What year ?
4 I when I was sixteen because I wasn’t 7 Have you yet?
interested in studying. Conversation 3
5 I’m taking . I’m working and saving money 8 Did you go , Dhanya?
for my university fees.
9 What study?
6 I’m studying English at because I want to
become a teacher. 10
And did it?
7 I’ve got next term. Hopefully, I’ll pass. 6 Can you remember the answers to the questions
8 When I , I wanted to get a job in the above? Work in pairs and compare your ideas,
media, but it was impossible to find one. then look at audio script 47 on page 200 to check.
9 If I want to get a good job, I’ll have to . 7 Work in groups. Discuss these questions.
• Who should decide each of the things below –
parents or their children? Why?
PRONUNCIATION - which school / university to go to
2 46 Listen to these words. Match each one - which subjects to do at school
to a stress pattern below. - whether to go to university or not
design graduate nursery university - which degree to do
economics history primary • What are the advantages and disadvantages of NOT
geography interested secondary going to university?
1 oO 2 Ooo 3 ooOo 4 oOoo 5 ooOoo
• How old do you think the people are in each
sentence in Exercise 1? No?
• Which of the stages of education in Exercise 1 have When someone says a negative sentence that surprises
you been through? Was each one a good time of us, we often respond by asking No? We then expect the
your life? Why? / Why not? other person to explain what they mean. You can also say
Really?
• Did you have any hopes or plans at each stage?
A: Dad doesn’t want me to, though.
What were they? Did they come true?
B: No?
• Do you know anyone who is at primary school /
secondary school / university at the moment? Do A: No, he just wants me to stay in the system and go
they enjoy it? What are their plans for the future? straight to university.
LISTENING 8 Work in pairs. Take turns starting conversations

with the sentences below. Follow the pattern in
4 47 Listen to three conversations about
the box above.
school / university. Answer the questions for 1 I don’t want to go university.
each conversation.
2 I’m not really enjoying the course.
1 Is the second speaker studying at the moment?
3 I didn’t really like sports when I was at school.
2 How do they feel about their studies? Why?
4 I haven’t done my homework.
3 What subjects do they mention? Why?
5 I didn’t study for the test.
4 Do they mention any plans for the future?
6 I don’t want my son to study Fashion!
70
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GRAMMAR 4 If I the grades I want, I my
first-choice university! (not / get, not / get into)
5 They your application if you the
deadline. (not / consider, miss)
First conditionals
First conditionals are sentences of two parts – one to talk 6 A: What you if you don’t get a
about possible future situations or actions and the other to place on the course? (do)
talk about results of those actions. B: I’m not sure. I guess that if that ,I
probably just looking for a
9 Look at the sentences from the conversations. job. (happen, start)
Decide if the statements below (1–4) are true (T) 11
Work in pairs. Take turns to complete each
or false (F). sentence. Who can think of the most correct
a Well, if it all goes well, I’ll have two more years. endings?
b If I get the grades I want, I’ll probably do a Master’s. 1 If everything goes well in the next few months, …
c You won’t pass if you don’t start working harder! 2 I’ll call you if …
d What will you do if you don’t get into university? 3 If I can save enough money, …
1 The if-part of the sentence refers to a future 4 I might look for a different job if …
situation / action. 5 If I fail my finals, …
2 The if-part uses will / won’t because it’s about the
6 I won’t become fluent in English if …
future.
3 When we use will / won’t, it shows we are certain of 7 If I have enough time this weekend, …
the result, but we can use probably or other words to 8 Our education system won’t improve if …
show we are less certain.
4 The conditional sentence always starts with if.
10
Complete the sentences with the correct form of 12
Look at the questions in Exercise 5 and think of
the verbs. answers you might give. The answers can be true
1 My parents are going to pay for the course, and if I or you can invent them.
more money, I part-time. (need,
work) 13
Now have conversations with other students in
2 My parents have promised me that if I all the class. Ask each other three or four questions.
my exams, they me a car! (pass, buy) Then change partners and have another
conversation.
3 If I the score I need in the IELTS exam, I
it in a couple of months. (not / get, retake) 14 To watch the video and do the activities, see the DVD-ROM.
Unit 8 Education 71
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A good system
SPEAKING LISTENING
1 Work in groups. Look at the photo. Discuss the 3 48 Listen to an interview with Rebecca, a
questions. fourteen-year-old girl with a Spanish mother
• What do you think is happening in this class? and an English father. The family moved from
England to Madrid when she was eleven. Which
• What do you think is good and bad about the class?
sentence best describes her opinion?
• Did your classroom look like this? Why? / Why not?
a She prefers Spanish school.
b She prefers English school.
VOCABULARY Education systems c She has mixed feelings about the different systems.
2 Work in pairs. Check you understand the words
in bold. Then answer the questions. 4 Work in pairs. Decide if these sentences are
true (T) or false (F). Listen again and check
1 What’s an example of a good grade at school / your ideas.
university?
1 Rebecca and her brother both made friends straight
2 Do you normally pay fees at a state school? away.
3 Why might parents choose to send their children to 2 She needed help with Spanish.
a private school?
3 She did the last year of primary school in both
4 Give two examples of bad behaviour in school and England and Spain.
two of good behaviour in class.
4 English students get more homework.
5 If a subject is compulsory, do you have to do it?
What’s the opposite? 5 There are fewer years of secondary school in Spain.
6 What qualification do you get at university? 6 In primary school, she had several different teachers
in Spain, but not in England.
7 Who sets a test at school? Who studies for a test?
7 The approach of the Spanish teachers was different.
8 What happens if you fail your final exam?
8 Her friends in England seem to like school more.
9 Give two examples of resources a school might
have. 9 In both England and Spain, students sometimes have
to repeat a year.
10 How do you get into a top university?
11 Why might students have to copy from a textbook? 5 49 Now listen to Rebecca’s father. Which of
the following does he talk about?
12 Say two things a teacher does if they have a
traditional approach to teaching. What do the
approach fees qualifications tests
students do? behaviour holidays resources textbooks
72
90101_08_U8_p068-077.indd 72 6/29/16 11:49 AM

GRAMMAR
had to and could

In Unit 7 we looked at how we use have to and can to
talk about rules and what’s possible. Had to and could are
the past forms. The negative forms are didn’t have to and
couldn’t.
8 Complete these sentences from the listening

with could, couldn’t, had to or didn’t have to.
1 I understand very much. It was horrible.
2 you do extra Spanish classes?
3 We do much in primary in England – a bit
of reading or something.
4 Sometimes we just copy from the book.
5 My wife and I organise our holidays to be
at home with the kids most of the time.
9 Complete the sentences with a past or present

form of have to or can. You may also need to use
a negative or question form.
1 I come to class last week. we
do any homework?
2 I go out tonight because I finish
an essay for class.
6 49 Work in pairs. Discuss what Rebecca’s 3 At primary school, we do a spelling test
father said about the topics in Exercise 5. Then once a week.
listen and read the audio script for Track 49 on 4 We have about 20 hours of classes a week, but we
page 201 and check your answers. go to all of them. Some are optional.
5 In the past, everyone study maths, English
SPEAKING language, and French, but they were the only
compulsory subjects. You choose the
7 Work in groups. Discuss if each statement is others. Now you don’t really have any choice.
true for the education system in your country
6 When I was at school, there were strict rules about
and if you think it’s a good thing. Give examples dress. You wear a tie, a black jacket and
to support your ideas. black trousers, a blue jersey and grey socks. You
• Fees are low, even for the top universities. wear any different colours or jewellery.
• You can choose the school or subjects depending on 7 I get up very early when I was a student
if you want to work or go to university. because classes didn’t start till ten, but with this job I
• A lot of people send their children to private schools. be there by eight.
• Individual teachers decide how to deal with bad 10

Choose two pairs of situations below. Write
behaviour. sentences comparing the two situations, using
• Students do a lot of group work in classes. had to and could for the past, and have to and can
for the present.
• The government provides a lot of technological
resources such as computers and interactive When I was at primary school, I could go home for
whiteboards. lunch, but at secondary school I had to stay at school.
• People usually have to buy their own textbooks. • primary and secondary school
• The summer holidays are five weeks long. • secondary school and university
• A lot of students leave school without any • school / university and work
qualifications. • living with my parents and living on my own
• Over 50% of people go to university. • being single and being married
• At university, the grade depends more on essays and • life before having your first child – and life after
projects than exams.
11
Work in pairs. Tell each other your sentences.
Ask each other questions to find out more
information.
Unit 8 Education 73
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HE CHEATED!
SPEAKING 3 Work in groups. Look at the headings (a–e) for the
five main paragraphs in the article. Explain what
1 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions. you think each paragraph will say. Can you think
• Do you think cheating is a problem in schools / of any other reasons why students might cheat?
universities in your country? Why? / Why not? a Cheating is easier than hard work
• Can you think of different ways students sometimes b Adults cheat too!
cheat in tests?
c Schools value test scores more than real learning
• Can you think of different ways students sometimes
cheat in homework? d Cheats don’t get caught
• In your experience, what usually happens if teachers e Kids are under extreme pressure to succeed
find out students have cheated?
4 Now read the rest of the article. Match each
heading in Exercise 3 to a paragraph (1–5).
READING What do you think the main reason for cheating
is? Why?
2 Read the introduction to an article about
cheating in education. Decide if the sentences 5 Complete the definitions below with words from
are true (T) or false (F). Underline the parts of the article.
the introduction that support your answers. 1 If you kids to get good scores, you make
1 Cheating is more common now than it was in the past. them study hard even if they don’t want to.
2 The biggest problem is at Harvard University. 2 If you lose , you stop enjoying and wanting
3 In the survey, about the same number of students to do something that you enjoyed in the past.
said they cheated as said they didn’t. 3 If you don’t have much , you get angry
4 It’s generally believed that weak students cheat when you have to wait for things.
more than strong students. 4 If you make an to do something, you try
5 Some students pay people to do their homework for hard to do something that’s difficult.
them. 5 If you’re to do something bad or
6 Students are using technology to help them cheat. dangerous, something makes you want to do it.
CHEATING THEIR WAY TO THE TOP

Cheating in schools and
universities has become very
widespread. For instance,
a couple of years ago,
Harvard University – often
thought to be the best in the
world – had to ask over fifty
students to leave after they
cheated in their final exams.
Sadly, this is just part of a
much bigger problem.
74
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6 If you’re one ahead of someone, you’re 8 Match each sentence in Exercise 7 to one of the
better prepared than they are. areas of life below. There are two you do not
7 If you someone who’s cheating, you stop need.
them and say they’re doing something wrong.
cooking relationships
8 If a company makes big , they make a lot game shows sport
of money. job interviews / CVs tax and personal finances
politics video / online games
6 Work in groups. Discuss how you think cheating
can be prevented. What can parents, teachers,
schools and universities do? 9 Work in groups. Discuss these questions.
• In what other ways do people cheat in the areas of
life in Exercise 8? Do you think it is acceptable to
VOCABULARY Cheating cheat in any of these situations? Why? / Why not?
7 Complete the sentences about cheating with the • What do you think are suitable punishments for each
pairs of words. different kind of cheating?
claimed + check lied + resign

ordered + pretended declare + earned SOUNDS AND VOCABULARY REVIEW
got stuck + complete taking + improve
10
50 Listen and repeat the sounds with /ʃ/, /tʃ/
1 She she had some qualifications that

and /dʒ/. Are any of them difficult to hear or say?
she doesn’t really have. She’ll be in trouble if they 11
51Work in groups. Listen to eight sentences
! using the words below. Together, try to write
2 I on the same level so I looked on the them down. Listen again and check.
internet and found a cheat to it.
3 I cheated. I all the food online and then application challenge education section
just it was my own work. approach check project subject
4 They arrested him last night. They say he didn’t
all the money he last year. 12
write collocations / phrases for the words in
5 They banned him after they caught him
Exercise 11.
drugs to his performance.
reject my application, consider my application, fill in an
6 She about her expenses and when they
application form
found out, she had to .
1
In a recent survey, the majority Parents and schools often push kids to get the best test scores. Kids then
of the students questioned start to feel scared that if they don’t do well, they won’t get good jobs – and
said they sometimes cheated – bad economic situations also make people feel less secure. On top of all that,
kids are growing up in a world where great emphasis is placed on money and
and contrary to expectations,
winning!
it’s not only weaker students
2
who cheat, but also the Schools in many different contexts need to show that their students are doing
well if they want more money from the government. A school with poor test
strongest and best. Many
scores starts to fail: it gets less money and has fewer resources, so smart students
students don’t just copy from go elsewhere, and teachers may well lose motivation. As a result, more and
the internet, they also buy more importance is placed on doing well in tests. Students soon realise this –
essays from online firms that and some then decide to cheat.
3
write to order. Of course, while Technology can make people impatient. Kids grow up expecting to get what
the desire to get an advantage they want when they want it. As a result, kids have less patience and less desire
by cheating is nothing to work hard. Cheating seems to offer a way to get what you want without
new, modern technology is waiting or effort. Of course people are tempted!
4
constantly coming up with All too often, cheats win! Partly this is because kids today are better at
clever ways of breaking the cheating and are sometimes one step ahead of teachers; partly it’s because it’s
rules. There are websites with simply too much trouble to check and challenge every person that cheats.
Kids see some of their classmates cheating – and succeeding – and decide to
whole sections selling hi-tech
try it themselves.
‘exam equipment’!
5
Kids see stories in the news about famous sports stars who have used drugs
Why is this happening now?
to improve their performance, business people who have lied to make
What’s causing the huge bigger profits, people who have got jobs using CVs that were not completely
growth in cheating? Well, there true, and politicians who have lied about their expenses. Is it any surprise
are five main reasons. that some kids decide to copy them?
So what can we do to prevent cheating? Well, that’s what I will explore in part two.
Unit 8 Education 75
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VIDEO 4
FAINTING GOATS!
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo and discuss the 5 15 Choose the correct option. Then listen
questions. again and check your answers.
• Where do you think these people are? 1 The goats are between six and seven months /
• What do you think their lives are like? Think about years old.
how they spend their days, what they eat, etc. 2 The goats behave this way because they have eaten
• What do you think they might miss most if they go to the wrong food / of their genes.
the United States on holiday? 3 The men joke about taking / are planning to take a
goat back to Africa with them.
2 15 Watch the first part of the video (0.00–
0.40) about two Maasai runners visiting another 4 You can / can’t get the same medical problem the
goats have if you eat cooked goat meat.
country. Find out:
5 In the end, they decide to / not to buy a goat to eat.
1 where they are.
2 what they’re missing and why. 6 Work in groups. Discuss these questions.
3 what they decide to do about it. • What kinds of things do you miss most when you are
away from home?
3 Check you understand the words in bold below,
• Have you ever seen anyone faint? When? Where?
from the second part of the video. Then work What happened?
in pairs. Discuss how you think each word is
connected to the Maasai men in the video. • What kinds of things are you most scared of?
1 Both my grandfathers are dead. • What do you usually do when you’re scared?
2 My leg muscles really hurt. I ran too far yesterday! • Do you know of any other animals that have strange
habits?
3 Student numbers expanded by 20% last year.
4 They’ve found the gene that causes the disease.
UNDERSTANDING FAST SPEECH
5 I wanted to, but in the end I got scared and decided
not to do. 7 16 Read and listen to this extract from the
6 Be careful you don’t fall over. The floor is really wet.

video said at a natural pace and then slowed
down. To help you, groups of words are marked
7 We were camping in Kenya and one night we heard with / and pauses are marked //. Stressed
a hyena making a really strange noise. sounds are in CAPITALS.
8 Cross the road and then walk to the bridge.
… and when they GET SCAred // their MUScles /
4 15Watch the second part of the video TIGHten UP // and they CAN’T WALK / and when they
(0.41–3.48) and check your ideas. Then work in
TRY to WALK / they FALL Over
pairs. Try to remember how the people used the
words in bold in Exercise 3. Compare your ideas. 8 Now you have a go! Practise saying the extract
When they first met the goats, the goats played dead. at a natural pace.
76
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Review 4 Vocabulary
1 steal a me €10 / her bike
Grammar 2 lend b you round / him how
1 Complete the text with one word in each space. 3 lock c turns / drugs
A: Hi there. How are you? 4 show d my bag / all my money
B: OK. 5 take e my exam / the whole year
A: Is it 1 if I sit here? 6 set f the front door / my bike
B: Of 2 .I3 move my things. 7 fail g good grades / into university
A: I haven’t seen you in class for a while. 8 get h the class a test / my alarm
B: No. I 4 to do a course at work for the last
two weeks so I 5 n’t come. 7 Decide if these words and phrases are connected
6
to education, places or cheating.
A: Well, you want to get the notes from the
classes you missed, you 7 copy mine.
an approach claim graduate resign
B: That would be great. Do you 8 if I take an army base compulsory lie a square
them with me after the class and I 9 copy a car plant a desert pretend a textbook
them at work tomorrow.
A: Actually, I’d 10 you didn’t. We 11 8 Complete the sentences. Use the word in
to do a test next class and I want to study. brackets to form a word that fits in the space.
B: Oh, really? 1 My favourite subject at school was .
A: Yes, but there’s a copy shop next door. We (computer)
12
go there after the class. 2 Maybe I enjoyed it more because it was an
subject. (option)
2 Choose the correct option.
3 Fortunately, there’s not much bad at his
1 We’re in the middle of the countryside so we have school. (behave)
to / don’t have to drive everywhere.
4 It’s a very school. They all have to wear
2 I can’t / couldn’t help you tonight, but I could come uniforms. (tradition)
tomorrow.
5 No-one checked her when they gave her
3 When I was at school, we didn’t have to / had to do the job, and apparently she invented them! (qualify)
much homework.
6 Part of teachers pay now depends on their students’
4 They can’t / don’t have to grow much in that region in exams. (perform)
because it’s so dry.
7 He has this amazing flat with a view of the
5 If the steel plant will close / closes, there won’t be old town and city walls. (history)
many other places to work.
8 I wouldn’t say it’s round there. You just
6 A: Do you mind if I open a window? need to be careful. (danger)
Of course / Of course not. Go ahead.
B 9 It was a very city, but a lot of the factories
7 A: Oh dear – I’m falling asleep. have closed now. (industry)
B: Let’s stop for a bit and I make / I’ll make some 10 She works in La Défense, which is the
coffee. district of Paris (finance)
8 A: What if you don’t / won’t pass? 9 Complete the text with one word in each space.
B: I will / might probably take the test again. The first letters are given.
3 Write two endings for each question. I am from a 1ti place called Gnowangerup
(population: 624). It is a very rural part of Western
1 Do you have to …?
Australia – it’s just miles and miles of 2fi ,
2 Why did you have to …? and my parents run a sheep 3fa there. The
3 Why can’t you …? 4
pr school I went to when I was six only
4 What will you do if …? had ten kids! Now I’m thirteen, I go to a 5se
school in Albany, two hours from my home, so I live in
4 52 Listen and write the six sentences you student halls of 6re . It’s a 7st school
hear. so we don’t pay any f 8
, which is good. The
5 Write a sentence before and after the sentences staff are quite strict, but they 9tr us really well
in Exercise 4 to create short dialogues. and it’s so good to be with kids my own age. It’s not
exactly a 24-hour 10cu here, but there’s still
more to do than in Gnowangerup. Albany is a port on
the south 11co , so we often go to the beach
and surf. We’ve also been out on the 12oc and
seen sharks and whales.
Review 4 77
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9
78
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• describe common illnesses and their symptoms
• give advice and understand medical advice
• ask and answer common questions about illness
• give instructions
• understand instructions on medicines
SPEAKING
1 Work in groups. Look at the photo and discuss:
• where you think the people are.
• what time of year you think it is.
• what’s happening – and why.
• whether you think this is a good idea or not.
2 Work with a new partner. Discuss these
questions.
• Do you feel physically / mentally different at different
times of the year?
• What time of year do you usually feel happiest? Why?
• What time of year do you usually feel healthiest? Why?
• Which illnesses / health problems are connected to
different times of the year?
• What solutions can you think of for these problems?
Mind
and body Unit 9 Mind and body 79
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Under the weather
VOCABULARY 4 Check you understand the words and phrases
in bold. Then match the symptoms to a health
Illnesses and health problems problem in Exercise 1.
1 Match the health problems in the box to the 1 It happens every spring. It’s horrible. My eyes get red
pictures (a–i) they relate to. and sore and I sneeze all the time.
2 I think it’s because of something I ate. I was sick
an allergy hay fever a sore throat
asthma a headache a temperature three times last night – and I still feel awful today.
the flu a nosebleed an upset stomach 3 If I eat any kind of chocolate, I get a horrible red
rash all over my body.
4 I get out of breath very easily and I cough a lot at
night.
5 I’ve had it all morning. I can’t concentrate on anything.
I took some aspirin earlier, but they didn’t work.
6 I feel awful. I’ve got a temperature, my whole body
a an inhaler b a cat c flowers aches, I’ve got a horrible cough and I’ve lost my
appetite.
7 It hurts when I swallow – and I’m losing my voice
as well.
8 I sometimes just suddenly get them. I don’t know
why. On bad days, they can last for up to 20 minutes!
d a thermometer e some aspirin f honey & lemon
9 It was 38 degrees the last time I checked. I feel hot
and cold and I’m sweating a lot as well.
5 Work in pairs.
Student A: close your book.
g oysters h a bed i tissues Student B: explain, act or draw five of the words /
phrases in bold from Exercise 4.
2 Work in pairs. Compare your answers and Student A: guess the word or phrase.
explain your choices.
Then change roles.
3 Work in groups. Discuss the questions. B: This means you don’t want to eat, you don’t feel
• Which of the health problems in Exercise 1 do you hungry.
think is the most / least serious? Why? A: I’ve lost my appetite.
• Do you know anyone who suffers from hay fever, B: Right.
asthma or an allergy? How does it affect them?
• Can you remember the last time you had any of the
other health problems in the box?
80
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LISTENING 7 That cough doesn’t sound good. Maybe you ought
take something for it.
6 53Listen to two conversations where people 8 A: It’s not right, the way he talks to you. You
talk about how they are feeling. Answer the to complain about it.
questions for each conversation.
B: I know I , but I’m worried everything will
1 What problems do they have? just take longer if I do.
2 What extra information do you hear about the A: Well, if you feel like that, why don’t just
problems? change your doctor?
3 What advice are they given?
10
Work in pairs. Decide what advice to give in each
4 Do they take the advice? of the situations below.
7 53 Listen again and complete the sentences 1 I’m really unfit.
with three words in each space. Contractions 2 I’m really tired. I’m not sleeping well at the moment.
like don’t count as one word.
3 I feel quite depressed for some reason.
Conversation 1
4 My knee really hurts.
1 Oh no! . Are you sure it’s not just a cold?
5 I’m really worried about my exams.
2 I just feel really all the time.
6 My parents don’t give me enough money.
3 No-one will thank you if you it.
4 Well, you take it easy and .
Conversation 2
5 I always get like this at this . DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS
6 I really want to rub them, but that just .
7 That’s not , actually.
Common questions about illness
8 You never know. It might . When someone isn’t very well, we often ask them common
fixed questions. Usually the answers people give are also
quite fixed.
GRAMMAR
11
Match each question (1–3) with two possible
Giving advice answers (a–f).
We use three main structures to give advice – to say what 1 Are you OK?
we think is the best thing to do. They all mean basically 2 Have you been to the doctor’s about it?
the same thing.
3 Are you taking anything for it?
8 Complete the sentences from the conversations a Yes. The doctor gave me some tablets the other day.
with one word in each space. The first letters are b No, not really. I’ve got a terrible headache.
given. c No, not yet, but I’ve got an appointment this
1 Maybe you s go home and get some rest. afternoon.
d No, not really. I’m just drinking lots of water. That’s all.
2 W d y get some
sunglasses to protect your eyes a bit? e Yes, I went yesterday. He just told me to go home and
take it easy.
3 Maybe you o t try it.
f No, not really. I’ve got a bit of a cold.
12
Work in pairs. Think of two more possible
answers to each question.
9 Complete the sentences with one word in each
space.
1 That leg looks really bad! I think you see a CONVERSATION PRACTICE
doctor about that. 13
You are going to roleplay two conversations
2 Maybe you to just go to bed early tonight similar to those you heard in the listening. First,
and get some rest. imagine you have a health problem. Decide how
3 You really make an appointment. serious it is, what the symptoms are, if you’ve
don’t you call the doctor now and see if been to the doctor’s or taken anything for it, etc.
you can go in tomorrow?
14
Work in pairs. One student should start the
4 I don’t think you go out if you’re not conversation by asking: Are you OK? Use as much
feeling very well.
language from this lesson as you can. Then
5 It’s a big decision. Why you think about it change roles and repeat.
for a few days?
6 What we do about the cat? If you have
an allergy to him, maybe we think about
finding him another home.
Unit 9 Mind and body 81
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The power of the mind
Reading Understanding Vocabulary
1 Work in groups. Read the introduction to the
article on page 83. Then discuss these questions.
• In your country, is healthcare paid through tax or do
Phrases with mind and matter
people have private health insurance? In the article, you saw the quote: ‘Age is a question of
mind over matter. If you don’t mind, it doesn’t matter!’
• Is the cost of healthcare a problem in your country? Some words like mind and matter are mainly used as part
Why? / Why not? of fixed phrases. You need to learn the phrases rather than
• Why do you think the cost of healthcare is increasing just the single words.
in some countries?
• How can the power of the mind help good health? 6 Complete the sentences with mind or matter.
• Have you heard of any of the following? Say what 1 You say It’s just a question of mind over
you know about them. to explain that you can do something very difficult or
horrible by concentrating and using your thoughts.
hypnotherapy meditation nocebos placebos 2 You ask What’s the ? if you think someone
looks worried or ill and you want to know the reason.
2 Read the rest of the article. Find out how the 3 You say I don’t when you are happy with
following can affect health. all the choices and want someone else to decide.
4 You say It doesn’t when what you said or
emotional reactions hypnotherapy nocebos
exercise in old age meditation placebos
did is not important and you don’t want to continue
to talk about it.
3 Read each sentence and decide whether it is an 5 You say Never when you are telling
someone not to worry or be sad.
argument the writer makes.
6 You say To make s worse when you’re
1 Asthma sufferers don’t need drugs.
telling a story about a problem and want to say
2 With a placebo, there can be changes in the body. something caused extra problems.
3 All side effects of drugs are caused by the nocebo 7 You ask You don’t ? or Would you
effect. ? to check that someone is sure they are
4 Some people can change their body temperature by happy to do something.
thinking about it. 8 You say I’ve got a lot on my to say you
5 How well you deal with pain depends completely on have problems you are worrying about.
your character. 9 You say That’s a of opinion when you
6 Using hypnotherapy instead of drugs can mean disagree with what someone said.
operations are more successful.
7 You are as old as you feel.
Pronunciation
8 As you get older, you are more likely to get injured
playing sport. 7 54 Listen and notice which sounds are
4 Complete the second phrase with the correct stressed. Then listen again and repeat.
form of the word in bold. All the missing words
are in the article. 8 Complete these short dialogues with phrases
1 several different solutions see a big from Exercise 6.
2 provide treatment for free cancer 1 A: So I was already late and then , the bus
broke down.
3 study science become a
B: Well, . At least you’re here now.
4 experience difficulties no previous
2 A: How could you make such a silly mistake?
5 control my emotions give support
B: Sorry. at the moment.
6 operate on his leg the went well
3 A: What do you want to eat tonight?
7 make a good recovery from the flu
B: .
8 get injured playing football a bad knee
4 A: They don’t spend enough on healthcare.
5 Work in groups. Discuss the following. B: Well, . I pay enough in taxes already!
• Give other examples of some of the six suggestions 5 A: ?
in the article. Think about your own experience,
knowledge, people you know or stories in the news. B: Oh, nothing really. I just have a bit of a headache.
• Say how each of the six suggestions could reduce A: Shall I go to the shop and get some aspirin?
the cost of healthcare. B: ?
A: No, of course not.
82
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Mind over
matter
In many countries, the cost of healthcare is increasing, but people don’t want to pay extra taxes to pay for it.
Perhaps because of this, interest is growing in how the power of the mind can help us stay fit, prevent illness
and even treat ourselves when we are ill. Here are six ways that mind power could make a difference.
Placebos The pain’s not so bad

If you give asthma sufferers ‘medicine’ and tell them it will Scientists have shown that when some people experience
help their condition, many of them will report that they pain, for example in a marathon or at the dentist’s, they deal
feel better after taking it, even when that ‘medicine’ wasn’t with it better for two reasons. Firstly, they prepare themselves
actually real – it was a placebo. Sometimes doctors can beforehand – they imagine the pain. Secondly, when they
measure physical changes after patients take a placebo. feel the pain, their reaction is less emotional: they think ‘Oh I
For example, their blood pressure may fall. So it seems the notice there’s a pain in my tooth’, rather than ‘Ahhh! That hurts
placebo effect is not just a trick of the mind. so badly! Help me!’ The psychologist Dr Martin Paulus has also
shown that people can learn how to do this with training.
Nocebos
The nocebo effect is a kind of opposite of the placebo effect. Hypnotherapy
You get an illness because you believe you will. When In 2014, the singer Alama Kante had a successful operation on
doctors give a patient a drug to treat a serious illness, they her throat in France. She was hypnotised before it, so she did
tell them about problems (or side effects) that the drug not need any drugs and she could sing during the operation.
might cause, like a headache or a rash. Experiments show This way her voice was not damaged and she recovered more
that a percentage of people get these side effects even when quickly. Hypnotherapy has also been successful in other areas,
the drug they receive is just a sugar pill. such as helping people give up smoking.
Meditation Don’t give up

Scientists have studied monks who have learned to control There is a quote that ‘age is a question of mind over matter. If
their bodies by meditating. In one experiment, a monk sat you don’t mind, it doesn’t matter!’ In the past, many people
in a cold room with a wet sheet over his shoulders. Most stopped playing sport, not because of injury, but because they
people would get very very cold, but the monk concentrated thought they were too old. However, science is discovering
and increased his body temperature to 40°C. He actually that our bodies can work well into old age, if we don’t stop
dried the sheet! practising. Like Fauja Singh: he ran his first marathon when he
was 89 and continued to run after he was 100!
90101_09_U9_p078-085.indd 83 10/6/16 6:31 PM

Don’t worry. You’ll be fine.
VOCABULARY Parts of the body
1
1 Label the photos with the words in the box.
2 [photo 84.a–b]
arm eye hair lip
back face hand mouth 3
chest foot knee shoulder
ear finger leg stomach 4
2 Complete each group of collocations with a part

of the body from Exercise 1. 5
1 have a bad ~ / a pain in my lower ~ / have his ~ to me
2 my ~ are wet / have big ~ / wipe your ~ 6
3 cut my ~ shaving / bite my ~ / ~-read
4 long straight ~ / brush your ~ / have my ~ cut
5 a pretty ~ / pull a ~ / have a big smile on your ~
6 work on an empty ~ / have an upset ~ / take
something to settle my ~
7
3 Work in pairs.
Student A: imagine you are a doctor. Say
instructions 1–5 below to your partner. 8
Student B: close your book. Listen and do what
9
your partner tells you.
10
Change roles for instructions 6–10.
1 Stand up and then bend your knees.
2 Put your feet together.
3 Bend forwards and touch the floor with your hands. 11
4 Sit down and lift your leg straight.
5 Open your mouth and say ‘ahh’.
6 Take a deep breath so I can listen to your chest.
12
7 Turn your head so I can look in your ear.
8 Relax your face, shoulders and arms.
9 Raise your arm above your head.
10 Follow my finger with your eyes, don’t move your head. 13
LISTENING
4 55 Listen to three conversations. Decide
where the speakers are in each one.
a at the dentist’s d in someone’s house
b in a hospital e in a chemist’s 14
c in a restaurant
5 55 Listen again and answer these questions. 15
1 What problem does the woman have in conversation1?
2 What did she do to cure the problem?
3 Which problem does the customer have in
conversation 2: diarrhoea, indigestion or vomiting?
16
4 What instructions is she given?
5 What two problems does the man have in
conversation 3?
6 How did each one happen?
84
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6 Work in groups. Discuss these questions. 10
Work in pairs. Take turns adding an imperative
• What’s your cure for hiccups? For indigestion? ending to the conditional sentence starters
below. Continue until one person can’t think of
• Have you ever had any stupid accidents? Has
another ending. Then play again using the next
anyone you know? If yes, what happened?
sentence starter.
• Do you think the hospitals in your country are good?
Why? / Why not? A: If you need any help, call me.
• Have you ever been to hospital? Why? What was the B: If you need any help, ask.
service like? A: If you need any help, look on the internet.
B: If you need any help, … – I can’t think! You win.
GRAMMAR 1 If you need any help, …
7 Read the information and the sentences in the 2 If you’ve got a cold, …
Grammar box. Then decide if the statements
below are true (T) or false (F). 3 If you’re feeling stressed, …
4 If you see the teacher, …
5 If the alarm rings, …
Imperatives 6 If you can’t sleep, …
To make imperatives, we use the infinitive form of the verb
(without to).
Swallow the water slowly.
If they don’t solve the problem, talk to your doctor. SPEAKING
To make negative imperatives, we use don’t. 11
You are going to tell someone about a scar
Don’t take more than four tablets in a day. you have. If you don’t have one, use your
imagination and invent one! Use the questions
1 To make imperatives, we don’t use a subject before below to plan what you are going to say.
the verb. • How did you get the scar?
2 We only use imperatives to give instructions. • When did it happen? How old were you?
3 We often use conditional if-clauses with imperatives. • Where were you? What were you doing?
4 Imperatives always sound rude. • Was anyone else with you?
Check your ideas on page 178 and do Exercise 1. • What did the other people do? Did anyone help you?
• Did you have to go to hospital or have stitches?
8 Choose the correct form.
• Did you have to wait a long time to see a doctor?
1 Take / Don’t take any more today! That’s the third
one you’ve had. • How long did it take for the cut to heal / for you to
recover?
2 Eat / Don’t eat something first and then take them.
3 Put / Don’t put the bottle in the fridge. It’ll go bad if 12
Work in groups. Share your stories.
you leave it out.
4 Stop / Don’t stop taking them. You have to finish the SOUNDS AND VOCABULARY REVIEW
prescription.
13
56 Listen and repeat the sounds with /e/, /iː/
5 Try / Don’t try to drink it or eat it. and /eɪ/. Are any of them difficult to hear or say?
6 Wash / Don’t wash your hands after using it.
14
7 Put / Don’t put it there in the sun. Put it in the using the words below. Together, try to write
cupboard.
8 Let / Don’t let me drive if you’re feeling sleepy.
ache bleed feet raise
9 Match the sentences in Exercise 8 to the bend breath pain sweat
warnings given with medication below.
a Store in a cool dry place. 15
b Keep refrigerated. write collocations or phrases for the words in
c May cause tiredness. Exercise 14.
d Complete the full course. my muscles ache,
e Don’t take on an empty stomach. have a headache,
f Don’t exceed three doses in 24 hours. have awful toothache
g For external use only.

h Avoid contact with your eyes.
90101_09_U9_p078-085.indd 85 10/6/16 6:31 PM

10
PLACES TO
STAY
86
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• describe places you stayed in
• book somewhere to stay
• apologise for bad news
• explain and deal with problems in hotels
• talk about imagined situations
• talk about past habits
SPEAKING
1 Work in groups. Look at the photo of a
planned new resort and discuss the questions.
• Do you think it’s a good place for a resort? Why? /
Why not?
• Would you go there? Why? / Why not?
• What are the big resorts in your country? What can
you do there?
• Have you been to any resorts? Where? Where did
you stay? What did you do there?
• What do you look for when you choose
somewhere to stay? Think about these things.
entertainment facilities food location price
• Which of these things are most important / least

important to you? Why?
Unit 10 Places to stay 87
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BOOKING A ROOM
VOCABULARY Places to stay LISTENING
1 Complete the sentences with the collocations in 5 58 Listen to a phone conversation. David is
the box. phoning a hotel for a friend who wants to visit
Dublin with his wife and small child. Look at the
babysitting service provided meals questions David wants to ask. Then listen and
basic furniture put up the tent note down the information.
free wi-fi real fire
heated pool reduced rate
including breakfast share a room
low season shower block Triple rooms?
How much for everyone?
1 It only cost €200 to rent for the week because it was
still the . With breakfast?
2 It was £50 a night for a double room . Dates: Prefer 12th - 17th August
3 It normally costs $25 a night with electricity, but Car hire cheaper from hotel?
there was a for groups.
Parking available?
4 They had a , so we left the kids and went
out on our own a couple of nights. Deposit?
5 It was difficult to because the ground was
so hard.
6 There was a kitchen the guests could use, but they 6 58 Work in pairs and compare your notes.
also . Then listen again and check.
7 It had a in the living room, which was nice. 7 Look at the audio script for Track 58 on
8 We didn’t have to with lots of other page 202. Underline five words or phrases that
people. They had some smaller family rooms. you think are useful to learn. Compare what you
9 There was a which was shared by the chose with a partner.
whole block.
10 You had to walk a long way to get to the toilet and DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS
, but at least there was plenty of hot water.
11 It had quite , but the kitchen was OK and it
was all very clean. Apologising
12 They charged a lot for internet access in the room, We often say I’m afraid to apologise for giving bad news.
but there was in the reception area.
I’m afraid we’re fully booked that weekend.
2 Match each sentence in Exercise 1 to one of To reply to questions, we use I’m afraid not / I’m afraid so.
these places. We often also add a comment.
D: And breakfast is included too?
an apartment a campsite a hostel a hotel
R: I’m afraid not. It’s 125 with breakfast.
3 Work in groups. Can you think of: D: So if, for whatever reason, they didn’t come, they’d lose
1 two other things you can share in a hostel? that money?
2 two other kinds of room in a hotel? R: I’m afraid so. The complete payment is made on arrival.
3 two other services a hotel or hostel provides?

8 Work in pairs. Take turns asking these
4 two other things that can be included in the price?
questions. Your partner should reply with I’m
5 two reasons you get a reduced rate? afraid so or I’m afraid not and add a comment.
6 the opposite of putting up a tent? 1 Is there free wi-fi?
7 when the low and high season is in your country? 2 Do I need to pay a fee if I cancel?
4 Work in pairs. Think of a hotel, apartment, 3 Is the swimming pool heated?
hostel or camping site you stayed at. Tell your 4 Can we make a fire on the campsite?
partner about it. Would you recommend it? 5 Did it reject my credit card again?
Why? / Why not?
6 Are there any tickets left for tonight’s performance?
7 Is it going to rain again tomorrow?
8 Can’t you do something about it?
88
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9 Work in groups. You have three minutes to write 12
Invent some card details like the ones in
as many things as you can that a hotel employee Exercise 10 and write them on a piece of paper.
might say to guests using I’m afraid. Which Then work in pairs. Take turns asking for and
group can think of the most sentences? Which giving these details. Note down your partner’s
group has the funniest ones? details and compare them with what your
I’m afraid we’re full. partner wrote.
I’m afraid the air conditioning is broken.
10
Listen to the receptionist taking another
59
customer’s credit card details. Complete the 13
You are going to have two conversations similar to
form below. the ones you heard in Exercise 5.
Student A: read the role card in File 4 on page 187.
Name on the card:
Student B: read the role card in File 12 on page 190.
Card number: Think about what information you need and write
down the questions you want to ask.
Security number:
14
Take turns being the receptionist and the
Expiry date: customer ringing for information. Roleplay the
conversations. The receptionist should apologise
Contact number: for at least two things using I’m afraid. Start like
this:
A: Hello, I’m ringing on behalf of some friends. They want
PRONUNCIATION some information about the hostel.
B: Sure. What would you like to know?
11
60 Listen to the alphabet and put the
letters next to the correct vowel sound. 18 To watch the video and do the activities, see the DVD-ROM.
/ɪː/ b /eɪ/ a
/e/ f /aɪ/ i
/əʊ/ o /uː/ q
/aː/ r
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WE’LL DEAL WITH IT RIGHT AWAY
SPEAKING 3 Spend a few minutes memorising the questions in
Exercise 2. Then work in pairs and test each other.
1 Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
Student A: say a sentence (1–10) from Exercise 2.
• What problems might people have in a hotel? How
many problems can you think of? Student B: close your book. Say the follow-up
• Have you ever asked a hotel receptionist for question.
anything? What happened?
4 Work with a new partner. Choose four problems
from Exercise 2 and roleplay the conversations.
VOCABULARY Solving hotel problems Take turns to be the guest and the receptionist.
2 Match the sentences (1–10) with the follow-up G: Excuse me. There’s a lot of noise outside our room.
questions (a–j). Check you understand the words Could we change rooms?
in bold in the sentences. R: You can, but I’m afraid the only rooms available are
1 There’s a lot of noise outside our room. more expensive.
2 My room is boiling.
3 That’s more expensive than I expected. LISTENING
4 Are you sure you don’t have a record of my booking? 5 Work in pairs. Look at the photos. Discuss how
5 I’ve forgotten my toothbrush and toothpaste. they might be connected to problems with a hotel
6 I only have a morning free for sightseeing. guest. What do you think the guest asks for?
7 I have an upset stomach.
8 I have an early flight.
1 2 3
9 I have to leave before you start serving breakfast.
10
I can’t get the air conditioning to work.
a Do you have any?

b Could you give me a wake-up call and book a taxi?
c Could I get something to take with me?
d Could you tell me what the bill includes?
e Could we change rooms? 4 5
f Could you check again please?
g Do you have anything that will help, or is there a
chemist nearby?
h Is there any way I can turn down the heating?
i Could you send someone up to have a look at it?
j Where would you recommend going?
90
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6 61Listen to a conversation between a guest 11
Complete the sentences with the correct form of
and a hotel receptionist. Check your ideas from the verbs in brackets.
Exercise 5. Can the receptionist give the guest 1 I don’t think I so calm if I deal
what they ask for? with someone like Lady Zaza. I’d probably say
something rude to them. (be, have to)
7 61 Put the sentences in the order you heard
them in the conversation. Then listen again and 2 To be honest, I don’t really like camping. I
check your ideas. it if I the money to stay in hotels, but that’s
too expensive with a family. (never do, have)
a I’m afraid that’s just not possible.
3 The hotel was awful! Honestly, I there
b We really didn’t have much time to prepare them. again even if you me! (not stay, pay)
c I doubt I can find one. 4 A: The hotel was very noisy because of all the bars
d I’m calling on behalf of Lady Zaza. on the street.
e You’ve got hundreds of rooms in this place. B: Really? I a review on the web if I
you. It’s good to warn other people.
f I’m sure that if she was, she’d tell you exactly the (post, be)
same thing.
5 A: Which ? Moscow or St Petersburg?
g There was no way we could stay in that last place. We don’t really have time to visit both. (you
h I’ll make sure they’re taken out. recommend)
8 Which of the adjectives below do you think B: Difficult! They’re both great, but if I
choose, I to St Petersburg, just because
describe Lady Zaza? Work in pairs and compare the traffic isn’t as bad. (have to, probably go)
your ideas. Explain your choices.
6 A: If you only visit one place in your
ambitious demanding lazy selfish tidy country, where would it be? (can)
B: Probably New York. There’s so much to see and
9 Work in groups. Discuss these questions. do there.
• Can you think of any other adjectives to describe 12
Complete each sentence 1–5 in two different
Lady Zaza? Do you know anyone else with these ways using your own ideas. Then work in
characteristics? groups and share your ideas.
• Have you ever heard of anyone else making similar 1 If I had more money, I’d .
demands? What did they ask for?
2 I wouldn’t even if you paid me!
• Why do you think people make demands like this?
3 If I had to choose between and
• Why do you think people agree to these demands? , I’d .
Would you?
4 If I could only , I’d .
5 If I wasn’t , I’d .
Grammar
13
Work in pairs. Look at these situations. Discuss
how would you react and what you would do.
Second conditionals Explain why.
Second conditionals are sentences of two parts. The if 1 You’re a receptionist and a customer is refusing to
part uses past tenses to talk about imagined situations, or pay for the drinks he has taken from the minibar in
things that are unlikely or impossible; the would part gives his room. He says he didn’t take any and is getting
the imagined results or further actions. quite angry.
2 You’re in a hotel and you can’t get to sleep because
10
Look at the sentences from the conversation. of noise next door.
Answer the questions below each one. 3 You’re camping. It’s raining and water is coming in
a She’d be very ill if she ate one by mistake. through your tent.
1 Is she ill? Is it likely that she will eat a chocolate with 4 You’re sharing a kitchen in a hostel and you see
nuts? Why not? someone leave their dirty dishes.
b I would move them if I could. 5 You’ve rented an apartment and the air conditioning
is broken. It’s boiling and the owner of the apartment
2 Does he want to move the people from the room isn’t answering their phone.
below? Can he move them?
6 You’re a cleaner, and you find $100 left on the bed
Check your ideas on page 178 and do Exercise 1. when you are cleaning the room after a guest has left.
For further practice see Exercise 2 on page 179.
90101_10_U10_p086-095.indd 91 6/29/16 11:50 AM

Best holiday ever!
SPEAKING 5 Look at these sentences from the social media
page and answer the questions below.
1 Look at the different kinds of holidays for
a My parents used to own an apartment on the beach.
primary school children. Rank them from 1 (best
holiday for kids) to 6 (worst holiday). b We went swimming all the time.
• going to Disneyland with the family c We once made cornflake cakes.
• going to stay with relatives in the countryside d My son usually spends his summers like this.
• going with other kids to a summer camp e It was so strict.
• going camping with parents f They used to take us on day trips.
• renting a place near the beach with the whole family 1 Which sentences describe past habits?
• two weeks with parents in a hotel in a foreign city 2 Which sentences describe past states?
2 Work in groups. Explain your choices. Discuss 3 Which sentence describes a single event in the past?
what’s good / bad about each kind of holiday. 4 Which sentence describes a present habit?
READING
3 Read the series of messages from a social media 6 Decide which of these sentences you can rewrite
site on page 93. Find out: using (never) used to and rewrite them.
1 why Mark started the thread about holidays. 1 I didn’t like camping, but I love it now.
2 two ways Zinaida’s holidays were different to kids’ 2 I did judo when I was younger, but then I stopped.
holidays today. 3 We usually camp, but we rented a flat this year.
3 which three people often stayed near water. 4 He’s quite fit and healthy now, but he smoked quite
4 who had a close encounter with danger. heavily when he was younger.
5 who has nice memories of cooking. 5 I had really long hair when I was at college, but I had
it cut short a few years ago.
6 who sometimes stayed in a theme park.
6 It’s become very popular. It wasn’t crowded before.
7 who suffered a loss.
8 who spent two weeks with each set of relatives
every year. PRONUNCIATION
9 who last went somewhere over 20 years ago – and
why they’re going back. 7 62 Listen and check your answers to
Exercise 6. Notice that used to is pronounced
4 Match the verbs 1–8 with the words (a–h) they /juːstə/.
were used with on the social media page. Can you
remember who used these words – and why? 8 Work in groups. Tell each other about:
1 mess around a on the fence
• something you never used to like, but do now.
2 sit b for long walks
• a place, activity or thing that used to be popular.
3 rent c breakfast on the terrace
• three things you used to love doing and three things
4 climb d a cottage you used to hate doing when you were a kid.
5 have e by the river • three things that have changed in your life.
6 get f chickens For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 179.
7 scare g a tree
8 go h bored
GRAMMAR 9 63 Listen and repeat the sounds with /ʌ/, /ɒ/, /ʊ/
and /uː/. Are any of them difficult to hear or say?
10
used to using the words below. Together, try to write
We often use (never) used to + infinitive (without to) instead them down. Then listen again and check.
of the past simple to describe past habits or states –
especially to talk about things that have changed since. booking holiday money room
Used to does not have a present form. For habits in the deposit look pool toothbrush
present, use the present simple + sometimes, never, two
or three times a week, etc. 11
Work in teams. You have three minutes to write
collocations / phrases for the words in Exercise 10.
92
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Search Home Profile Account
Mark Reed Am returning to the place I spent my childhood

holidays this week. First time in more than two decades. Mark Reed Julia: so sad to hear about your dog!
Started me thinking. Where did you all spend your holidays Christina: Wow! Crazy! Oh, and Biggi – work trip.
when you were kids? Meeting new clients.
5 hours ago Like 55 minutes ago Like
Zinaida Vozgova I used to spend holidays with Biggi Wimmer Got you Mark. Hi Julia. Mad story.
my grandparents out of town – that meant lots of Where are you from?
fresh air, messing around by the river, fresh fruit and 48 minutes ago Like
vegetables … and no TV or technology, which isn’t
typical for our kids now … Zinaida Vozgova There was another option –
5 hours ago Like summer camp, which I did a couple of times. I
really hated it! It was so strict. Nowadays, though,
Biggi Wimmer Went to Italy every year. Near everything’s changed – camps have become more
Trieste. My parents used to own an apartment on creative and child-friendly, with lots of activities and
the beach. We went swimming all the time. Can’t English classes and so on. My son usually spends his
remember what my parents did! By the way, Mark. summers like this.
Where did YOU use to go as a kid? And how come 41 minutes ago Like
you’re going back?
4 hours ago Like Julia Tcvetkova Siberia-Lithuania-St. Petersburg-
Cape Town-London.
Julia Tcvetkova Used to spend a fortnight in a tiny 37 minutes ago Like
village out in the countryside in Siberia. Sounds dull,
but I never used to get bored. Remember sitting on Biggi Wimmer Wow! Complicated life. :-)
the fence before sunset, watching the cows being 26 minutes ago Like
brought back to the village. And running around the
fields after my dog … before the neighbours took him Julia Tcvetkova But interesting!
away for scaring their chickens! 10 minutes ago Like
4 hours ago Like
Mark Reed Eastbourne on the south coast of Sandy Millin My brother and I always spent a fortnight
England, Biggi. Used to be my favourite place in the with each set of grandparents – one in Gloucester, the
world. Not sure I’ll feel the same anymore! other near Liverpool. They used to take us on day trips
3 hours ago Like to places all over the south- and north-west – to places
like Bristol and the castles of North Wales. We also spent
Christina Rebuffet-Broadus We either went to time playing board and card games and going for long
Disneyworld in Florida or the Smoky Mountains in walks in the local area, among many other things. Food
Tennessee in the summer! At Disney, we stayed in was also a big part of it: for example, I remember making
the Polynesian Village. In the Smokies, we used to homemade pizzas with one grandma and I think we
rent a cottage in the mountains. We woke up one once made cornflake cakes with the other. Really fond
morning to find a black bear climbing a tree near the memories. Cool question Mark. Thanks for asking and
terrace we used to have breakfast on! reminding me.
1 hour ago Like 3 minutes ago Like
90101_10_U10_p086-095.indd 93 6/29/16 11:51 AM

VIDEO 5
THE FUTURE
OF A VILLAGE
1 Work in groups. Look at the photo of Essaouira, 4 Work in groups. Discuss these questions.
Morocco and discuss: • Would you like to stay in Essaouira for a holiday?
• what you think the main industry in Essaouira is. Why? / Why not?
• what difficulties a place like this might have and why. • How has the economy changed in your country?
• how the people there might solve these problems. • What industries used to be stronger? Why did they
decline? What’s replaced them?
2 19 Watch the video and take notes on
• Do you know any places where tourism has
Essaouira, its economy and how it’s changing. increased a lot? Has that been a good thing? Why? /
3 19 Work in pairs. From your notes, try to Why not?
complete the summary and the definitions
below. Then listen again to check. UNDERSTANDING FAST SPEECH
Local fishermen don’t have regular work now because
there are fewer 1 , some work has moved
2
and they can’t 3 with big ships.
video said at natural pace and then slowed
The town is trying to increase 4 to replace down. To help you, groups of words are marked
employment in the fishing industry. Essaouira used to with / and pauses are marked //. Stressed
be well-known in the 5 , and lots of rock stars sounds are in CAPITALS.
and other people visited it because of the historic old
town, which is on 6 ’s World Heritage List. the FISHermen are prePARing / for aNOTHer year OUT
Since 1996 there has been a 7 in the number on the WAter // all aROUND the PORT / you can hear
of tourists. This has caused concern among local the SOUNDS of BOAT building / and SMELL fresh PAINT
people about water, land use and 8 .
in the air.
Glossary
Trawlers are 9 .
at natural pace.
The Medina is 10 .
94
90101_10_U10_p086-095.indd 94 21/08/2015 15:09

Review 5 Vocabulary
1 get a your feet
Grammar 2 brush b my lip
1 Complete the text with one word in each space. 3 settle c out of breath
4 change d your hair
1
you’re looking for interesting places to go
5 wipe e a deep breath
this summer, 2 panic! There are plenty of
options to choose from. If you want something cheap 6 take f a room
and adventurous, and dream of the kind of holidays you 7 share g my mind
3
to go on when you were young, 4 8 bite h your stomach
you should try camping in Croatia. However, if you’re
the kind of person who 5 never sleep under 7 Decide if these words and phrases are connected
the stars, then why 6 try a new city instead? to health problems or places to stay.
Perhaps you 7 to think about a break in a
ache an inhaler the shower block
capital you’ve never visited before. 8 to aspirin the low season sneeze
Chisinau in Moldova or Reykjavik in Iceland. You never get a rash a reduced rate a temperature
know. They might be amazing! the heating serve breakfast a wake-up call
2 Put the words in the correct order to make

8 Complete the sentences with the best
questions.
prepositions.
1 did / that / use / where / you / do / to
1 I’m afraid we don’t have any record your
2 it / see / about / why / you / go / doctor / don’t / booking.
and / a
2 Can you send someone to have a look at
3 do / what / it / you / happened / you / would / if / to / the AC in my room, please?
4 what / think / about / I / you / ought / do / to / do / it 3 Sorry. I’ve just got a lot my mind at the
5 ask / it / should / you / think / I / do / who / about / moment.
6 please / you / give / the / me / password / the / for / 4 I hate missing breakfast. I can’t work an
could / wi-fi empty stomach.
7 anywhere / you / would / could / where / world / go / 5 It’s boiling in here. Can you turn the heating
go / the / if / in / you a bit?
8 the / did / stay / went / when / use / you / to / where / 6 I’m not looking forward to the spring because I suffer
islands / to / you really bad hay fever.
7 That’s a matter opinion. I don’t see it like
3 Write replies to the questions in Exercise 2 to that, personally.
create short dialogues.
8 I didn’t see his face. He had his back me.
9 Complete the email with one word in each
1 I’m quite fit. I usually / used to go running after work. space. The first letters are given.
It helps me relax.
We went camping for a week and it rained the
2 I went / used to go swimming last Friday. 1
wh time we were there. The night we
3 Not / Don’t / Shouldn’t / Not to go to work if you’re arrived, there was a huge storm that 2la for
feeling ill.
hours, so it was really hard to put up the 3te .
4 Where are / will / would you recommend going? The next day, we realised the site was much more
5 I won’t / wouldn’t stay there if I am / were you. It was 4
ba than we expected: no shop, only one
horrible the last time we visited. shared shower, horrible toilets! Awful! Then, to make
6 I wouldn’t / won’t work weekends if I hadn’t to / 5
ma worse, I got really ill. I guess it was
didn’t have to. probably the flu. I had a really sore 6th and a
7 They might do better if they wouldn’t be / aren’t / terrible 7he that didn’t stop for ages! Then I
wasn’t / weren’t so expensive. got an awful cough before finally I lost my 8vo
8 I didn’t never used to / usen’t to / didn’t use to / completely! I don’t usually 9mi camping
wasn’t used to like cheese when I was a kid, but now holidays, but this was too much! Next time, I want
I love it. a nice hotel that 10pr meals and has free
11
wi so I can connect to the web, and maybe
5 65 Listen and write the six sentences you hear. even has a 12ba service so we can get away
from the kids for a night!
Review 5 95
90101_10_U10_p086-095.indd 95 6/29/16 11:52 AM

11
SCIENCE AND
NATURE
96
90101_11_U11_p096-103.indd 96 21/08/2015 15:10

• talk about the weather
• discuss and respond to news stories
• talk about animals
• tell better stories
• talk about scientists and research
• understand newspaper headlines
SPEAKING
• Which of the words in the box describe the weather
in the photo?
boiling freezing snow sunny

a breeze rain a storm windy
• Do you get weather like this in your country? When?

• Do you generally prefer cold weather or hot weather?
• What’s your favourite / least favourite kind of
weather? Why?
• What’s the weather forecast for the next few days?
2 Work in groups. Tell each other about a
memorable experience connected to the
weather in Exercise 1. Think about at least two
of the following.
• how you felt about the weather
• what temperature it was
• how strong the wind was
• how long the weather lasted
• how much rain / snow fell
• what problems you had because of the weather
Unit 11 Science and nature 97
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DID YOU SEE THE NEWS?
VOCABULARY 2 Work in groups. Discuss whether you think
each piece of news in Exercise 1 is good or bad.
Science and nature in the news Explain your ideas.
1 Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box.
3 Work in pairs. Try to think of:
ban build find hit launch 1 two things that might happen when a huge storm
become conduct fund investigate spread hits an area.
2 two other things the government might fund
1 The forecast said that a huge storm is going to research into.
the coast any time now.
3 two other animals / birds that could become extinct
2 They’re not going to allow some researchers to sometime soon.
experiments on animals.
4 two things they’re still trying to find a cure for.
3 They’re going to five new nuclear power
plants. 5 two other things you can launch – apart from a
rocket.
4 They said that if we don’t do more to protect bees,
they could extinct. 6 two other things that governments sometimes ban.
5 It said in the paper that they expect to a 7 two other animals that spread diseases.
cure for depression soon.
6 I read that we’re going to a rocket into LISTENING
space next year.
4 66Listen to four short conversations
7 The government is going to more
research into ways of improving mental health.
about science and nature in the news. Which
conversation mentions:
8 I read that they’re going to completely
smoking next year. 1 a discovery that might prevent deaths?
9 Apparently, scientists are trying to create mosquitoes 2 a government project to help the environment?
that don’t diseases. 3 a problem with very negative effects?
10 A university is getting £5 million to the 4 a change in the weather?
effect of colour on memory.
98
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To strongly agree with an opinion or a comment, we can
use Absolutely or Definitely.
A: It makes a change to hear some good news.
B: Absolutely.
To agree with a suggestion, we can say (That’s a) good
idea.
A: We should go out, then – go to the beach or
somewhere.
B: Yeah, that’s a good idea.
6 Look at the sentences below. Decide which are

reporting news, which are opinions / comments
and which are suggestions. Write a suitable
response to each.
1 They’ve opened a new park near my house.
2 Really? That’s awful.
3 We should have a party to celebrate.
4 That’s fantastic news.
5 They should do something about it.
6 They’re conducting an experiment to investigate how
the Big Bang worked.
7 It’s going to be freezing tonight.
8 They should ban it.
PRONUNCIATION
7 67Listen to twelve different responses.
Notice the intonation. Then listen again and
practise saying the responses.
5 66 Work in pairs. Decide which conversations 8 Work in pairs. Take turns saying the sentences
these sentences are from. Explain your from Exercise 6 and giving your own
decisions. Then listen again and check your responses. Pay attention to your intonation.
ideas.
a They’re going to pull down a lot of the horrible
houses they’ve built along the coast. CONVERSATION PRACTICE
b Yeah, it said it could save millions of lives. 9 You are going to have conversations like the ones
c It’s been so wet and windy recently. in Exercise 4.
d It makes a change to hear some good news. Student A: look at the news in File 5 on page 187.
e They’re all dying, for some unknown reason.
Student B: look at the news in File 14 on page 191.
f They should do something – fund research or
something. 10
Take turns starting conversations about your
g We need more green spaces.
news. Use the guide below to help you.
h We should go out, then – go to the beach or Student A Student B
somewhere.
Did you see / hear …?
DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS No.
It said / It’s …
Really? That’s …
Responding to news and comments I know. It’s …
(make a comment – or a
When people tell us news that we haven’t heard before,
suggestion)
we often respond by saying Really? We then usually add a (agree)
comment. Speakers can agree with comments by saying
Yeah or I know and then adding their own comments.
A: Really? That’s bad news / awful / nice / great /
interesting, etc.
B: (Yeah) I know. It’s terrible / really good news / fantastic,
etc.
90101_11_U11_p096-103.indd 99 21/08/2015 15:10

ANIMAL MAGIC
VOCABULARY Animals 6 Work in pairs. Discuss the following.
• What do you think each headline means?
1 Match six words in the box to the photos.
• Do you think each story is nice, interesting, silly,
cow fly parrot rabbit shark surprising or boring? Explain why.
dog lion pigeon rat sheep • One of the stories isn’t true. Which one do you think
is invented? Why?
2 Decide if each animal in Exercise 1 could be
described as a wild animal, a farm animal, an 7 Work in pairs. Discuss what you think the words
insect or a pet. in bold in the stories mean.
3 Work in pairs. Think of two more examples for 8 Work in groups. Discuss these questions.
each of the four categories in Exercise 2. 1 Which animals can you think of that have an amazing
sense of smell / hearing / sight?
4 Work in groups. Discuss these questions. 2 Can you think of eight things that dogs are often
• What pets do people you know have? trained to do?
• Which of the animals in Exercise 1 can help humans? 3 Which other animals are used to detect things?
How?
4 What advantages and disadvantages of having pets
can you think of?
READING
5 Read the stories about animals helping humans. GRAMMAR
Match each story (1–6) to a headline below.
There is one headline you will not need.
Past perfect simple
Barking witness Jail bird The past perfect simple is formed using had / hadn’t + a
Wedding goes with a ‘woof’ Dinner not well done past participle.
Milk of human kindness From zero to hero
Tips for birds These pets had brought the couple together.
100
90101_11_U11_p096-103.indd 100 21/08/2015 15:10

9 Look at these examples from the stories. Then e because he hadn’t paid his bills.
choose the correct option to complete the rules f because I hadn’t taken him for a walk all day.
below. g so I picked it up and sent it back to them by post.
a The World Wildlife Fund … had asked the fishermen h when I saw the rat in the kitchen!
to let scientists have the body, but the fishermen
insisted on using it. 11
Write endings to these sentence starters
b The parrots had previously lived in a cage … . One using the past perfect. Then work in pairs and
day the owner … heard the parrots copying his compare your ideas.
customers’ requests and … trained them to actually 1 I was hungry because .
take orders.
2 She was quite upset because .
1 We use the past perfect to emphasise that something
happened before / after another past action. 3 I was really tired because .
2 We usually / don’t usually use the past perfect with 4 I was quite nervous because .
other verbs in the past simple. 5 Before I was eighteen, I’d never .
3 When we describe actions in the order that they 12
Work in groups. Discuss what you think
happened in, we usually use the past perfect / simple. happened before each of these events. Use the
Check your ideas on page 179 and do Exercise 1. past perfect.
1 Guards caught and arrested a pigeon in a jail.
10
Match the two parts of the sentences. Then work
2 Fishermen found a pet dog on a desert island.
in pairs and compare your answers. Discuss why
the past simple or past perfect is used in a–h. 3 A pet rabbit saved his elderly owners.
1 The ground was wet 13
Find out what actually happened by reading
2 Someone had dropped a wallet File 15 on page 191.
3 They took him to court For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 179.
4 There was a huge traffic jam
5 I had to wait outside our house until my mum got back
6 I was very nervous SPEAKING
7 I was really shocked 14
Work in pairs. Choose one of the following.
8 My dog was going crazy when I got home a Have you heard any other animal stories in the news
recently? Describe what happened.
a because I’d forgotten my keys.
b Do an internet search for animal stories in the news.
b because it had rained the night before.
Then tell your partner about the one you liked most.
c because I hadn’t made a speech in public before. Who found the best story?
d because there were roadworks.
MAN’S BEST 3 A Japanese restaurant is employing two parrots as waiters. The

parrots take drinks orders from customers and repeat them
to a waiter at the bar, who then brings the drinks to the table.
FRIENDS 4
The parrots had previously lived in a cage in a corner of the
restaurant. One day the owner, Mr Otusaka, heard the parrots
copying his customers’ requests and after that, he trained them
to actually take orders.
Rats may have a bad reputation, but, says a spokesman for the
charity HeroRats, they are saving hundreds of lives in Africa
1 When Andrew and Harriet Athay got married in the because of their incredible sense of smell and intelligence. The
west of England, their dog Ed acted as the best man! rats are trained to detect mines and bombs lying in the ground.
Also present on the big day were their two female Being so small, they don’t cause the mines to explode when they
dogs, Humbug and Goulash. These pets had brought stand on them. They can also detect some diseases in humans.
5
the couple together. Andrew and Harriet first met Researchers from Newcastle University have discovered that
when they were walking their respective pets along farmers can help to boost milk production by being friendly and
a beach. They then started chatting while the dogs talking to their cows. They found that when farmers gave their
were playing with each other. animals names, these cows produced over 300 litres more milk a
2
A megamouth shark, which is very rarely seen in year than those without names.
6
the wild, was eaten by Filipino fishermen after they A dog called Scooby has appeared in court in a murder case. A
caught it in a net by mistake. The World Wildlife neighbour had found the animal’s owner dead in her flat and the
Fund, which wants to protect the sharks from family had asked for an investigation. Police brought Scooby,
extinction, had asked the fishermen to let scientists who had been in the flat at the time of death, into court to see
have the body, but the fishermen insisted on using it how he would react to the main suspect. On seeing the man,
to prepare a traditional Filipino dish called kinunot. Scooby barked very loudly. The police now need to decide if
there is enough evidence to take the case further.
90101_11_U11_p096-103.indd 101 21/08/2015 15:10

DID YOU KNOW …?
SPEAKING 5 68 Listen again. Choose the correct option.
1 We share 15% / 50% of our genes with bananas.
2 Some violent criminals share a particular / a part of a
• Do you know much about science? Where did you
gene.
learn what you know?
3 Violence and crime can learn / be learned.
• Who are the most famous scientists in your country?
What are they famous for? 4 Each hair is also covered in hundreds of thousands
of tiny / tidy hairs.
• What TV or radio programmes about science do you
know? Do you like them? What areas of science do 5 The hairs and ceiling atoms are attracted by / to each
they cover? other.
6 It’s the world’s thinnest material – it’s just one atom
LISTENING thin / thick.
7 If you pull / peel this tape away, some layers of
2 You are going to listen to a radio programme graphite come off.
where a scientist answers questions from
listeners. Work in pairs. Match each question 8 It’s an incredible discovery and it was ordered /
awarded a Nobel Prize.
(1–3) to a group of words (a–c). Explain your
choices. 6 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.
1 Are there ‘crime genes’? • Did you know any of the answers to the three
2 How do spiders walk on ceilings? questions before you heard them? If yes, where did
3 What is Graphene? you learn about them?
• Which answer was most interesting for you? Why?
a hairs, atoms, electric charge, a balloon, attraction,
weight • How do you think the different factors mentioned in
the first answer can cause violent behaviour?
b a pencil, sticky tape, layer, to tear, be replaced, prize
• Have you heard about any new genes scientists
c bananas, share, factors, violent, war, environment
have discovered?
3 68Listen to the radio programme and note • What other things could you use Graphene for?
down answers to the questions in Exercise 2.
• How many other Nobel Prize winners can you think of?
4 Work in groups. Compare your ideas using the
words in Exercise 2 and your notes.
102
90101_11_U11_p096-103.indd 102 21/08/2015 15:10

GRAMMAR
In newspaper headlines, the verb be is often left out of the
passive construction.
Passives Rare shark eaten by fishermen
When we use a passive sentence, we use a different We do not leave out the verb be in normal sentences.
word order compared to an active sentence. We
A shark that is very rarely seen in the wild was eaten by
make the object of an active sentence the subject of a
Filipino fisherman after they caught it by mistake.
passive sentence.
7 Look at the pairs of sentences and answer the 9 Work in pairs. Look at the headlines. Discuss
questions below. what you think each story is probably about.
DOG AWARDED MEDAL

1 a Two Russian scientists discovered Graphene. 1
Graphene was discovered by two Russian
b
scientists. BY THE QUEEN
If that process is repeated a few times, it
2 a
eventually leaves a layer one atom thick. 2
If you repeat that process, you’re eventually left
b
Man arrested after stealing
with a layer one atom thick. 10 kilos of bananas
3 a Could those things be replaced by Graphene?
b Could Graphene replace those things? 3
4 a That stuff is called graphite.
ROCKET LAUNCHED ON
b We call that stuff graphite 100-YEAR JOURNEY
They awarded the discovery of Graphene a
5 a
4
b
Nobel Prize.
It was awarded a Nobel Prize.
Cure for rare disease
accidentally discovered
1 Which verbs are active and which passive?
2 How are the passives formed? 5
3 Who does the action in each passive sentence? Do SCIENCE COMPANY
we know exactly?
OFFICES DAMAGED IN FIRE
INVESTIGATED BY POLICE
8 Read the article below about a classic
experiment. Choose the active or the passive 10
Choose one of the headlines in Exercise 9 and
form in 1–10. write a short news report of 60–80 words.
For further practice, see Exercises 2 and 3 on page 180.
I n the 1950s Harry Harlow 1conducted / was

conducted a number of studies investigating the
importance of love and contact between mothers and
babies. In one experiment, young monkeys 2took away /
were taken away from their mothers and their mothers
11
69 Listen and repeat the sounds with /aʊ/, /ɔː/
3
replaced / were replaced by two models. The first model and /ɒ/. Are any of them difficult to hear or say?
had a bottle of milk, but it 4made / was made from wire 12
Work in groups. Listen to eight sentences
70
and wood. The second model was like a soft toy. Even using the words below. Together, try to write
though the wire model provided food, the monkeys them down. Then listen again and check.
5
spent / were spent much more time with the soft toy
mother. allow court launch power
In another experiment, the monkeys 6put / were put in a bomb dog policy storm
room with lots of strange things. If the soft mother was
also in the room, the monkeys went straight to her. After 13
they had been comforted by the mother, they 7explored / write collocations / phrases for the words in
were explored the whole room confidently. Where the Exercise 12.
monkey did not have the security of a mother or they
had the wire mother, the monkeys were much slower not allow smoking,
to move round the room and some of the things 8didn’t be allowed to keep pets,
allow the cat out at night
touch / weren’t touched at all.
These kinds of experiments 9don’t allow / are not
allowed these days because removing baby monkeys
from their mothers 10sees / is seen as cruel.
90101_11_U11_p096-103.indd 103 21/08/2015 15:10

12
ON THE
PHONE
104
90101_12_U12_p104-113.indd 104 21/08/2015 15:11

• talk about different kinds of phones
• give and take phone messages
• ask for people and explain where people are
• work out the meaning of new words
• explain stories and report crimes
• report what people said
SPEAKING
the questions.
• Would you go to a museum about phones? Why? /
Why not?
• When do you think the phones in the photo were
in use?
• Have you ever seen any phones like these in real
life? If yes, where?
• What was the first phone you had? What was it
like?
2 How important are these things when choosing
a mobile phone? Put them in order from most
to least important. Work in pairs and discuss
your ideas.
battery life coverage games size

cost design operating system weight
Unit 12 On the phone 105
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CAN I LEAVE A MESSAGE?
VOCABULARY Using phones 2 Work in groups. Discuss these questions.
• Do you know anyone who never answers their
1 Match the words in bold in these sentences to phone?
the meanings a–h below.
• Do you usually text or phone more? Why? Does it
1 My son never answers his mobile when I call him. I depend who you’re contacting?
always have to text.
• Do you know anywhere that often puts you on hold?
2 When I called, I was put on hold for about 20
minutes with this terrible music playing. • Why might you get cut off during a phone call?
3 I tried calling six times, but the line was always busy. • Do you know anywhere with bad coverage?
4 We couldn’t finish our conversation because we got • Have you ever hung up on anyone? Why?
cut off.
5 Matt! Can I call you back? I’m having dinner.
6 The coverage isn’t very good here. You might have
LISTENING
to go outside to make a call with your mobile. 3 71Listen to two short phone conversations.
7 Sorry, I can’t hear you very well. It’s a very poor signal. Complete the messages written after each
8 It was the wrong number, but she was very helpful conversation.
and put me through to the right department.
9 We started to argue and I didn’t want to hear any
more, so I just hung up. 1
called.
a put down the phone before the other person finished
speaking
Meet him at 2
– not 3
.
b send a written message
c pressed a button to connect me
d return your call later Diane 4
called. 5
is fine.
e had to wait
f the person I wanted to speak to was on the phone to
Phone her to sort out 6
.
someone else
Mobile: 7
.
g lost the connection while we were on the phone
h the number of places it’s possible to make phone Phone today – she’s 8
tomorrow.
calls from
i the connection on my phone isn’t very good
106
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8 Look at these sentences from the listening and
match the adverbs in bold to the meanings (1–4)
PRONUNCIATION below. Which tense is used with each adverb?
4 72Listen to these sentences from the a He’s not got up yet. Shall I wake him?
conversation. Notice how only the key words b I’ve already spoken to my boss and he’s fine with the
are stressed. price.
No, he’s not up yet. Is it urgent? c You’ve just missed him. He’s just walked out of the
Just tell him we’re meeting earlier – at seven, not door.
eight. d I’m afraid there’s still no answer. He must still be in his
meeting.
5 Work in pairs. Look at the first conversation
in audio script 71 on page 205 and underline 1 It shows the action is very recent.
the words you think are stressed. Then 2 It shows something happened before – often sooner
practise reading the whole conversation. than expected.
3 It shows something hasn’t happened, but we expect it
to happen. We also use it in questions.
DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS 4 It shows an action or situation continues unchanged.
Check your ideas on page 181 and do Exercise 1
Explaining where people are
We often explain where people are if they are not there
9 Choose the correct ending to each sentence.
when someone phones. 1 Could you tell him I’ve already spoken to Brittany …
Diane’s out visiting a client. (= she will return today) a so he doesn’t have to email her now?
He’s away on business. (= he won’t return for a day or more) b and we can’t do anything until I have?
It’s her day off. (= she doesn’t work on this day of the 2 Tell him I’m still waiting for confirmation of the price …
week)
a and it’s better than we expected.
He’s off sick. (= he’s not at work because he’s ill)
b but I’ll ring as soon as I get it.
6 Complete the conversations with these words. 3 Just tell him I don’t have the money yet …
a and I’ll send it to him right away.
away from in off out up b but I’ll definitely have it by Friday.
1 A: Hello. Is that Mary Williams? 4 We’ve only just left the house …
B: No, it’s Jane. Mary’s . She’s just gone a so could you tell her we’re going to be late?
to the shops. Is it urgent? b so tell her we’ll be there earlier than expected.
2 A: Hello, could I speak to Mr Haskell?
5 Could you tell her we’ve already sorted out the
B: I’m afraid he’s . He won’t be back for a problem …
few days. Can I take a message? a so there’s no need for her to come over?
3 A: Could I speak to Paul Philips? I phoned earlier. b because I was out, but I’m dealing with it now?
B: Of course. Hold the line. I’m afraid there’s still no
answer. He must still be his meeting. 6 I still haven’t received the package …
4 A: Hi. Frazer? a so can you ring and find out what’s happened to it?
b but I’m afraid it doesn’t contain the parts I need.
B: No, it’s actually Sylvia. I’m covering for Frazer.
He’s sick today. How can I help? 10
Choose four of the sentence endings that were
5 A: Hi, is Jay there? not correct in Exercise 9. Write a possible
beginning for each sentence using just, already,
B: Yes, but he’s not yet. Shall I wake him?
yet or still.
6 A: Hi, is Greg there, please?
B: No, sorry. He’s working home today.
7 Work in pairs and practise reading the 11
You are going to have conversations like the ones
conversations in Exercise 6. Take turns to start. you heard in Exercise 3. First write two messages
Continue each conversation with one or two you want to leave for different people. One
lines each. should be more formal / a business situation, the
other one should be for a friend.
GRAMMAR 12
Work in pairs. Roleplay four phone conversations.
Take turns to start. Follow the guide in File 8 on
page 189.
yet, already, still and just
These adverbs are often used with the present perfect or
with other present tenses to emphasise the time something
happened or when we expect something to happen.
90101_12_U12_p104-113.indd 107 21/08/2015 15:11

PHONE FOR HELP!
READING UNDERSTANDING VOCABULARY
1 In newspaper stories, the first sentence usually
summarises what happened. Work in pairs. Read
the first sentences (1–3) taken from three stories, Forming negatives
then read the questions and discuss what you In the first article, you saw these words: totally
think the answers are. unnecessary; inappropriate calls
1 A police force has launched a campaign against We often form negatives of adjectives and adverbs by
misuse of the emergency phone number. adding a prefix. The most common prefix is un-, but you
will also see in-, il-, im- and ir-.
a What’s the emergency number?
b How are people misusing the number?
5 Write the opposites by adding or removing
c What things are the police doing in their campaign?
a prefix.
2 A doctor in Australia has saved the life of a young 1 a wise decision 9 a comfortable bed
boy using a domestic drill and a mobile phone.
2 it’s illegal 10 an uncommon name
a What happened to the boy?
3 a fortunate result 11 a patient customer
b What did the doctor use the drill for – and why a
‘domestic’ one? 4 very impolite 12 an inconvenient time
c Why did he need the mobile phone? 5 a happy marriage 13
completely possible
6 totally expected 14 a natural product
3 A chef has saved his own life, thanks to the photo of
a rare spider that he took with his mobile phone. 7 a practical solution 15 an irrational fear
a Where was the man? 8 very fair 16 a very unpleasant
b What happened to him? man
c What was the spider like? 6 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
d How did the photo save his life? 1 What happens if someone does something illegal?
2 Now read the news stories on page 109 and 2 What does a person do if they are polite? And
answer the questions in Exercise 1. Work in impolite?
pairs and compare your answers. 3 What else can be uncomfortable? What’s the result
3 Work in pairs. Discuss what the words in bold in each case?
in the stories mean. Then complete these 4 What makes a happy or unhappy marriage?
sentences with the words. 5 What’s the most common surname in your country?
1 He had to pay a 100-euro for speeding. Do you know anyone with a very uncommon one?
2 He because of the heat, but he was OK in 6 What would you say on the phone to someone if it
the end. was an inconvenient time to talk?
3 After my wallet was stolen, I it to the police, 7 Work in pairs. Take turns to explain an adjective
but they said they couldn’t do anything about it. or its opposite from Exercise 5. Your partner
4 He keeps phoning, me telling him to stop. should try and guess the word.
5 There are hundreds of of animals that are
becoming extinct each year. SPEAKING
6 I phoned the main number and then I was
to the correct department. 8 Choose one of the situations below. Spend a few
minutes preparing to tell a story. It can be true
7 It was urgent, so we him to the hospital. or invented. Think about when it was, where you
8 My hand was almost twice its normal size and I had were, what you were doing at the time, the main
to keep ice on it to reduce the . events and how you felt.
4 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. • a time you were really glad you had a mobile phone
• Which story did you find most interesting or • an unusual phone call you made or received
surprising? Why? • a time you rang the police, fire brigade or ambulance
• Why do you think people make inappropriate calls to service
the emergency number? • a time you helped someone in a difficult situation
• Have you heard of any other true stories of
emergency operations?
9 Work in groups. Tell your stories. Ask questions
about the stories you hear.
• How do you feel about insects and spiders? Are
there any poisonous creatures in your country? Do
you know what you should do if they bite / sting you?
108
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IT’S AN
EMERGENCY
A police force has A doctor in Australia has saved A chef has saved his own life,
launched a campaign against misuse of the life of a young boy using a domestic thanks to the photo of a rare spider
the emergency phone number. Every drill and a mobile phone. Nicolas Rossi, that he took with his mobile phone.
day, the police in northern England have a thirteen-year-old boy from a remote Matthew Stevens, 23, was bitten by
to answer three hundred 999 calls, but town in Australia, fell off his bicycle and one of the world’s most poisonous
a third of them are totally unnecessary. hit his head. Although Nicolas initially spiders, the Brazilian wandering
Last year, the calls that police received seemed fine, his mother, a nurse, noticed spider, in a pub in south-west
included someone wanting a ride home, a swelling on his head. She rushed him England, while he was cleaning the
a man complaining about his TV not to the nearest hospital, where the doctor kitchen. The spider probably came
working and two people who reported realised the boy was in danger of dying if into Britain in a box of bananas.
lost cats. A number were also from he didn’t have an operation to reduce the After the incident, Mr Stevens took
young children who had accidentally pressure on his brain. a photo of the twelve-centimetre
dialled 999. Unfortunately, Doctor Carson had never spider with his mobile phone, but
The police are sending leaflets to done the operation, which required him then went home, despite his hand
houses to explain the problem and have to make a hole in the boy’s head, and he swelling ‘like a balloon’. At home, he
introduced £80 fines for those making only had a normal household drill. After collapsed with breathing difficulties
inappropriate calls. cleaning the drill, he phoned a colleague in and had to be rushed to hospital.
Melbourne, who explained where and how Fortunately, he was able to show
to make the hole. the picture on his phone. The photo
The one-minute operation was successful was sent to a university, where they
and the boy was transferred by plane to identified the species of spider and
a Melbourne hospital, where he has made found a cure for the poison.
a complete recovery. Carson described his
actions as ‘just part of the job’.
90101_12_U12_p104-113.indd 109 21/08/2015 15:11

WHAT A NIGHTMARE!
SPEAKING
• Can you think of three different ways people often
lose their phone or bag?
• What would be the first thing you’d do if this
happened to you?
• Have you ever lost – or has anyone ever stolen –
your phone, your bag or another important piece of
property? If yes, what happened? What did you do to
sort things out?
LISTENING
2 73 Listen to three phone calls connected to a
crime. Answer the questions.
1 What happened to Bettina?
2 What kind of company / organisation is each call to?
3 Why is she making each call?
3 73 Listen again. Are these sentences true (T)
or false (F)?
1 a Bettina has to answer some questions before her
request can be dealt with.
b Bettina’s cards will be cancelled tomorrow.
2 a Bettina was walking home when her bag was
taken.
b She doesn’t give a good description of the person
that took her bag.
c The police promise to try to find the bag.
3 a Bettina is calling from her apartment.
b She has no way of proving who she is.
c Bettina owns her apartment.
4 Work in pairs. Discuss:
• what you would do if you were Bettina.
• what you’d do if you were the guy from Abbey Locks.
6 Look at these two sentences from the
• if you would report this kind of incident to the police conversations. The first is direct speech from
in your country and what they’d do. Bettina’s first conversation with the bank. The
• what you could do to avoid a similar situation to second is how she reported it. Answer the
Bettina’s. questions below.
5 74 Listen to another phone call one week a I’ve cancelled your cards and ordered new ones,
later. Find out: and they’ll be with you within three or four days.
1 who Bettina is calling, and why. b The guy I spoke to told me he’d cancelled them and
that the new cards would be with me within three
2 what problem she now has. How do you think this or four days … but I still haven’t received them.
happened?
1 What tenses / structures are used in the direct
speech in a?
GRAMMAR
2 What tenses / structures are used to report the
speech in b?
Reporting speech 3 How would you report someone saying ‘I’m very
sorry’?
When we report things people said to us, we often use
said / told me (that) + a clause. Reported speech usually Check your ideas on page 181 and do Exercise 1.
moves one tense back from direct speech.
110
90101_12_U12_p104-113.indd 110 21/08/2015 15:11

7 Look at this extract from an email that Bettina 10
You are going to roleplay a conversation
sent to a friend. The reported speech is in italics. between someone reporting a crime and a police
Decide what you think the direct speech was. officer. First, invent some details about the
I just couldn’t believe someone could be using my card.
crime. Think about the following.
I 1asked the guy how that had happened and 2he just • what kind of crime it was
said he had to speak to the manager. I was then • if it affected you or if it was just something you saw
waiting for another ten minutes. Anyway, eventually • where and when it happened
I was put through to the manager 3and she told me
• what exactly happened and who was involved
they had sent the cards to the wrong address. 4She
said that there had been some security issues and • what you want the police to do now
someone had probably hacked into my account and 11
Work in pairs. Roleplay the conversation.
changed all my information before the cards were Use as much new language from the unit as
actually sent. Apparently, similar things have happened possible. Then change roles and have another
at other banks too! 5She told me to change all my conversation. Start like this:
passwords and 6she promised the bank would repay
Police officer: Yes Sir / Madam. How can I help you?
any money I’d lost.
Student: Hi, I ‘d like to report a crime …
8 Choose two of the following ideas. Spend a few
minutes thinking about how you are going to
report what was said. Then work in groups and SOUNDS AND VOCABULARY REVIEW
tell your stories. 12
75 Listen and repeat the sounds with /ʊə/ and
a A problem you had with a bank. /əʊ/. Are any of them difficult to hear or say?
b A time you reported something to the police. 13
c The most surprising thing you can remember anyone using the words below. Together, try to write
telling you. them down. Then listen again and check.
d Some promises someone in power made, and
euro hour mobile secure
whether they kept them or not.
home insurance photo stolen
e A lie that someone told you, and how you found out
it was a lie.
14
f An argument you had, and how it ended. write collocations / phrases for the words in
Exercise 13.
cost 30 euros, pay 100 euros a week, spent 50 euros
VOCABULARY Reporting crimes

9 Complete the sentences below with these pairs
of words.
bought + got hacked + stole

came + kicked having + making
followed + threatening hitting + kicking
grabbed + ran texting + crashed
1 Two guys just walked up to me, my bag

and off.
2 Someone into my account and
most of my money!
3 I home from work and found that
someone had my front door down.
4 I something from a website that wasn’t
secure. I guess they my bank details from
there.
5 He just suddenly started and
me for no reason.
6 This woman was while she was driving,
and into the side of me.
7 It was really scary. This guy me home and
started me.
8 Our neighbours are a party and they’re
a terrible noise!
90101_12_U12_p104-113.indd 111 6/29/16 11:53 AM

VIDEO 6
MEMORY MAN
1 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. 3 23Is a good memory mainly genetic or mainly
• What’s happening in the photo? a matter of learning and environment? Watch the
second part of the video (2.00–end) to find out.
• Are you good at remembering these things?
4 23 Put the adverbs in bold in the correct places
appointments English words numbers in the sentences. Then watch the whole video again
books and films jokes your childhood to check your answers.
• Why do you think you are good / bad at 1 He practises to improve the power of his memory.
remembering these different kinds of things? continuously
• Do you know anyone who has a really good 2 He’s memorised a series of historical books. even
memory? How do they do it? 3 Improving his memory has become like a full-time job.
almost
2 23 Watch the first part of the video (0.00–
1.59) about an Italian man, Gianni Golfera. 4 He has a normal life. relatively
Complete the notes. 5 In other words, he’s like other people. just
6 His genes are responsible for his great memory. partly
7 Researchers think it’s because of his very hard work.
Examples of Gianni’s good memory: mainly
8 Learning how to remember to remember. basically
• can remember and repeat 1 in order and
then backwards 5 Work in groups. Could you learn anything from
• has memorised over 2 books Gianni? Make a list of ways to remember English
vocabulary. Then put them in order from the most
• can also remember 3 effective method to the least effective.
Memory research
Malgaroli’s memory research: wants to compare the UNDERSTANDING FAST SPEECH
genes of 4 and
6 24 Read and listen to this extract from the video
We know memory is coded in the hippocampus, but need said at natural pace and then slowed down. To help
research on: you, groups of words are marked with / and pauses
• how it’s coded are marked //. Stressed sounds are in CAPITALS.
• where 5 and why there. if you really NEED // to USE your BRAIN caPAcity / to
• why some people 6
STORE / some kind of inforMAtion / you HAVE this / this
• why only a few people are like Gianni abILity / AND you know // it’s just a MAtter of EXercise
7 Now you have a go! Practise saying the extract at
natural pace.
112
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Review 6 Vocabulary
1 ban a an experiment
Grammar 2 grab b the environment
1 Complete the text with one word in each space. 3 conduct c the coast
4 spread d my bag
I got my daughter her first pet for Christmas. She
1
5 hit e the swelling
wanted one for ages, so I decided to get
her one. I went to the dogs’ home and was surprised 6 protect f smoking
by how many questions they asked. They asked me 7 reduce g a terrible noise
2
the dog would sleep, 3 we’d had 8 make h disease
a dog before, how old my daughter 4 , all
kinds of things! In the end, I got a lovely Dalmatian for 6 Decide if these words and phrases are connected
her. The guy there 5 me that the dog needs to science and nature in the news, phones or
to 6 walked at least twice a day. My daughter crimes.
is 7 finding that quite hard! In fact, I’ve
8
become extinct fund research a poor signal
reminded her about it – again! It’ll take time, a busy line get cut off put on hold
I can see! crash investigate the effect run off
find a cure pay a fine threaten
2 Complete the second sentence so that it has a
similar meaning to the first sentence, using the
7 Complete the sentences with the best
word given. Do not change the word given. You
prepositions.
must use between two and four words including
the word given. 1 Someone hacked my bank account and
stole all my money!
1 In Canada, I saw snow for the first time in my life.
2 A strange guy just walked to me and
I snow before I went to Canada. NEVER started screaming me.
2 I still haven’t finished writing that report for work. 3 I bought something a website that I guess
I need to get on with that report. I . YET wasn’t very secure.
3 They should ban smoking in all public spaces, if you 4 They kicked my door and stole my TV and
ask me. my computer!
If you ask me, smoking in all public places 5 This is the wrong number. I’ll put you to
. BE the right department now.
4 I got home and then remembered my laptop was still 6 They launched a rocket space a few years
in the office. ago.
I got home and then I realised my laptop 7 I’m afraid she’s a meeting at the moment.
at work. LEFT 8 I’m quite lucky because I can work home
5 Someone stole my car while I was away on a one day a week.
business trip.
While I was away on a business trip, . WAS The first letters are given.
3 Choose the correct option. I tried to call him at least ten times, but he never
1 She told / said me that she’d be late. 1
an his phone! I then 2te him a
2 They asked me if I did want / wanted the job. few times and eventually, he 3ca me back,
but at a really 4in time. I was driving through
3 When did that happen / was that happened?
the woods and the 5co there is terrible. To
4 You’ve / You’d just missed him, I’m afraid. He left for make matters worse, there was a huge 6st
lunch two minutes ago.
and the 7wi was really strong. It was raining
5 I still haven’t received / don’t receive your email. too, so I couldn’t hear him very well. To be honest, I just
6 We wanted to find out what / what did our customers find him quite an 8unp man – very rude and
thought of us. aggressive. I think it’ll be 9im to do business
7 I still wait / I’m still waiting to hear back from my with him. I really don’t trust him. It’s an 10un
bank. decision to work with him, if you ask me.
8 Most of what we sell is imported / imports from
China.
Review 6 113
90101_12_U12_p104-113.indd 113 6/29/16 11:53 AM

13
114
90101_13_U13_p114-121.indd 114 21/08/2015 15:12

• describe different kinds of films
• say what you have heard about things
• talk about how things make you feel
• talk about the film industry and culture
• discuss your favourite music, books or films
• ask how long people have been doing things
SPEAKING
the questions.
• What do you think is happening in this photo?
• How do you think this photo is connected to film
production? Why?
• What kind of films might the bears feature in?
• Would you go and see films like that? Why? /
Why not?
• What was the last film you saw?
• What kind of film was it?
• Who was in it?
• What was it like?
CULTURE Unit 13 Culture 115
90101_13_U13_p114-121.indd 115 21/08/2015 15:12

It’s supposed to be amazing
VOCABULARY Films 2 Which film do they decide to go and see in the end?
3 Where’s it on?
1 Work in pairs. Think of an example for each
kind of film below. Can you think of any other 4 What time does it start?
kinds of film? 4 78 Listen again and complete the sentences
with three words in each space. Contractions
an action movie a musical
a comedy a romantic comedy like don’t count as one word.
a historical drama a science-fiction film 1 I was starting to fall asleep .
a horror movie a thriller
a martial arts movie a war movie
2 Yeah, I’m thinking of a movie.
3 Yeah, I’ve seen it already, actually. I saw it .
2 Discuss which kinds of films might: 4 Not bad, but not as good as .
• have amazing special • have amazing 5 I got with it after a while – and the ending
effects. costumes. .
• have a happy ending. • be set in space. 6 OK. , I don’t really like horror movies.
• have complicated • have car chases and 7 That sounds ! Where’s it on?
plots. explosions. 8 We could a coffee or something first.
• be really scary. • be quite predictable.
• be quite violent. • be really boring. DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS
LISTENING
3 78 Listen to two friends discussing which film supposed to
to go and see. Answer the questions. To report what we have heard or read about a film, a
person, etc. we often use be supposed to + infinitive
1 What do you hear about these three films? (without to).
In the Heat of the Moment It’s a new horror movie. It’s supposed to be really scary.
The Cottage It’s supposed to have great special effects.
It’s a Love-Hate Thing
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-ed / -ing adjectives

A small group of adjectives can end in either -ed or -ing.
When they end in -ed, they describe people’s feelings.
When they end in -ing, they describe the thing or person
that causes the feeling.
I got a bit bored with it after a while.
What a boring lecture!

1 I got really bored / boring about halfway through.
2 The ending was really surprised / surprising.
3 I’m quite excited / exciting about the new Collocini
film.
4 I just wasn’t really interested / interesting in any of the
characters.
5 The film was in English – with no subtitles – so I found
it quite tired / tiring to watch.
6 It wasn’t a bad film. I just found it quite depressed /
depressing.
7 I must admit, I was quite confused / confusing by the
ending.
8 The guy behind me was eating all through the film. It
was really annoyed / annoying.
9 Write a sentence for each adjective that was not
correct in Exercise 8.
5 Match the two parts of the sentences. 10
Think of three films you would like to see. They
1 I haven’t seen Hell Blood 3, can be new films or old films. Note down what
you know about each film. Think about:
2 I’ve never heard The Boredoms,
• what it’s called.
3 I’ve never tried Indonesian food,
4 I haven’t been to the new shopping centre yet, • who directed it.
5 I’ve never seen him play tennis, • who’s in it.
6 I’ve never been to Hawaii, • what kind of film it is.
• what it’s supposed to be like.
a but he’s supposed to be really good at it.
b but it’s supposed to be a violent film. 11
Work in pairs. Roleplay conversations like the
c but they’re supposed to be quite strange. one you heard in Exercise 3. Student A starts,
d but it’s supposed to be a beautiful place. and Student B makes suggestions using the
e but it’s supposed to have a great selection of stuff.
notes from Exercise 10. Discuss which film you
want to go and see, where it’s on and what time
f but it’s supposed to be quite spicy. to meet. Then change roles and have another
6 Think of one example of each of the following conversation. Begin like this:
things and say what each one is supposed to A: So what are you doing this afternoon? Have you got
be like. any plans?
• a very famous film that you’ve never seen B: I’m thinking of going to see a film. Would you like to
• a new film that you haven’t seen yet come?
• a famous book you’ve never read A: Maybe. What’s on?
• a group, singer or album you haven’t heard B: Well, there’s a film called …
• a country you’ve never been to 25 To watch the video and do the activities, see the DVD-ROM.
• a kind of food you’ve never tried
7 Work in groups. Share your ideas.
Unit 13 Culture 117
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MAKING MOVIES
SPEAKING GRAMMAR
1 Does your country have a film industry? How big is it?
Noun phrases
2 How is the industry doing? Why? In the text you read: you’re likely to be offered the latest
3 Do most local films show at the cinema or do they go DVDs from the Nigerian film industry.
straight to DVD? Why? The latest DVDs from the Nigerian film industry is an
4 What kind of films are most popular in your country? example of a noun phrase: a group of several words around
a main noun. The main noun in this phrase is DVDs. All the
5 What are the most important local films from recent other words add information about the DVDs.
years?
6 Who is the most famous director from your country?
6 Look at these extracts from the article. Answer
7 Do you know how many films he / she has made? the questions below.
8 Do you like his / her work? Why? / Why not? a Nollywood films are made for £20,000
b the film cameramen have to work in the streets
READING c stole many valuable works of art
2 Read the article on page 119. Work in pairs d make people aware of the issue of stolen art
and discuss how the writer of the article might
1 Which is the main noun in each extract?
answer the questions in Exercise 1.
2 What is the singular and plural form of the main noun
3 Match the verbs (1–8) with the words (a–h) they in each example?
are used with in the article.
1 reach a more ambitious
2 follow b Benin culture 7 Make a noun phrase using the words.
3 give c a bad image 1 industry / the / fashion
4 make d a middle-class cinema audience 2 a / director / famous / film
5 be e a crossroads 3 the / country / from / our / films
6 steal f no money 4 a / of / my / parents / photo
7 promote g very similar plots
8 Write a sentence using each noun phrase.
8 be aimed at h valuable works of art
4 Compare your ideas with a partner. Can you
remember who or what does each of the things PRONUNCIATION
in Exercise 3? Read the article again and check 9 79 Listen to how these compound nouns are
your ideas. pronounced and mark where the main stress is.
5 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. cash machine
• What similarities and differences are there between
the Nigerian film industry and the film industry in your cash machine film industry success story
country? city centre football boots sunglasses
crossroads heart disease tennis court
• Would you like to watch any of the Nollywood films? flatmate security system traffic lights
Why? / Why not?
• Do you think people get a good image of your
country from films? Why? / Why not? 10
Spend two minutes memorising the compound
• Have you heard of any similar stories to Invasion nouns in Exercise 9. Then work in pairs.
1897? Student A: close your book.
• What films have made people more aware of an
issue? What was the issue? Did it make a difference Student B: act, draw or explain the compound
in real life? nouns. See how many your partner can guess.
• How do you feel about Hollywood movies? Are they 11
Work in groups. Change one word in each
popular in your country? Do you think they have compound noun in Exercise 9 to make a new
more of a positive or a negative impact? Why? compound noun. The first group to think of
twelve new compound nouns wins.
the film industry: the fashion industry, a film star
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NOLLYWOOD
DREAMS
Sarah Walters reports on an African
success story looking to the future
I
n many cities of the world, if you’re stuck Low budgets often mean films are poor quality and there’s no
in a traffic jam, you’ll find people trying money to develop new talent. Films often follow similar plots
and star the same actors, so have become too predictable.
to sell you drinks and food, but in Nigeria
Typical Nollywood films are voodoo horror or gangster films;
you’re also likely to be offered the latest even stories about poor people becoming successful, or
DVDs from the Nigerian film industry, known as domestic dramas, contain elements of magic and violence. Some
Nollywood. Nollywood produces around 1,500 complain that this focus on black magic and crime gives a bad
films a year, and is second only to India as the image of modern Nigeria.
most productive film industry in the world. In Another problem is illegal copying. Films aren’t usually shown
just 25 years, and with no government support, in cinemas (there are currently less than 30 cinemas in a country
of 150 million people), but are distributed as DVDs through
it has grown from nothing to be worth around market stalls and street sellers, so it’s difficult to control copying.
$7 billion a year. Nollywood now employs After two weeks, most films have been illegally copied and the
thousands and is one of Africa’s great success producers make no more money.
stories, but it has also reached a crossroads, However, Nollywood is changing, as seen in the work of its
as profits have fallen recently and it’s unclear leading director, Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen. Imasuen has already
what its future direction will be. directed around 200 feature films (Steven Spielberg at the same
age had directed just fourteen!). His early films followed the
The majority of Nollywood films are made for around Nollywood pattern – fast production and voodoo horror – but
$30,000 and take ten days to complete. In comparison, Imasuen’s recent films are more ambitious. Invasion 1897 had a
making a top Hollywood movie can take a year and cost budget of $1 million and tells the story of how the British invaded
$200 million. Nollywood directors use very basic special the kingdom of Benin, sent the king to prison and stole many
effects, the actors sometimes write their own lines and valuable works of art, which are now in the British Museum in
the film cameramen have to work in the streets while real London. The film was first shown at several international festivals
life continues around them. This low-budget approach and many universities in Nigeria. As well as making a profit, it
has allowed Nollywood to grow very quickly, as almost aims to promote Benin culture and make people aware of the
anyone with talent can make films. However, it’s also the issue of stolen art. Some think that films like this show a possible
source of several problems. future direction for the Nigerian film industry because they are
aimed at a more profitable middle-class cinema audience.
Unit 13 Culture 119
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I’M A BIG FAN
VOCABULARY Music, art and books 2 Write six questions about music, art and books,
using words from Exercise 1.
1 Put each word in the box under the correct
Do you like listening to music? Who’s your favourite
heading in the table. singer? Why? What’s your favourite album? Why?
album crime fiction painting 3 Now work in groups. Ask each other your six
author exhibition poetry questions. Try to use these phrases in your
comedy instrument portrait
answers.
composer landscape sculpture
concert novel singer
I’m a big fan of … .
It changes. I’ve been reading / listening to … a lot recently.
Music Art Books She’s got an amazing voice / style / technique.
I think my all-time favourite is a song / painting / novel by … .
I don’t know why I like it so much. I just do.
It’s just really exciting / sad / beautiful, etc.
a b c
d e
g h
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LISTENING 4 I’m a drummer in a band. (play)
5 He’s running in a marathon next week. (train)
4 80Listen to four people talking about music,
art and books. Match each speaker to one photo. 6 Peter’s my oldest friend. (know)
Then work in pairs and explain your ideas. 7 Franco is Violetta’s boyfriend. (go out)
5 80 Listen again. Decide which speaker: 8 It’s our wedding anniversary today. (be married)
a has been a bit disappointed with something.
b escaped problems when they were a kid. PRONUNCIATION
c has been studying a language.
9 81 Listen and check your answers to
d has changed their tastes recently.
Exercise 8. Notice that in normal speech
e decided what kind of work they wanted to do a long have is usually pronounced /əv/ and has
time ago. is pronounced /əz/. Then listen again and
f is going to perform live. practise saying the sentences.
g has travelled to see someone they’re a fan of.
h is interested in politics and society. 10
Work in pairs. Take turns asking and answering
your questions from Exercise 8.
6 Choose one of the following topics to talk about.
Spend a few minutes thinking about what you want Student A: reply using for.
to say. Then work in groups and share your ideas. Student B: reply using since.
• singing competitions
11
Change partners. Ask each other the questions
• art and music in education
below. If your partner answers positively, ask a
• a film / TV series based on a book follow-up How long …? question and continue
• modern art the conversation.
A: Do you belong to any clubs?
GRAMMAR B: Yeah. I’m a member of a cycling club.
Present perfect continuous A: Really? How long have you been doing that?
7 Look at these sentences from the listening. B: For quite a while. Since I was about 20 or 21,
Complete the rules in the Grammar box below. I guess.
a For the last few weeks, they’ve been showing a A: And how often do you all meet?
series on TV based on the books.
• Do you belong to any clubs?
b I’ve been learning Turkish since 2012.
• Do you go to any classes outside school / work?
c We’ve been rehearsing The Rite of Spring recently for
a concert. • What hobbies or interests do you have outside
school / work?
d I’ve liked her ever since then.
• What languages do you know?
e I’ve known I wanted to be an artist since I was three.
• Do you play any musical instruments?
• Who’s your oldest friend?
The present perfect continuous is formed using For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 183.
1
/ has + 2 + the -ing form of the verb.
It is used to talk about activities that started in the past and
are unfinished.
To show the amount or period of time something lasted,
use a time expression starting with 3 . 12
82 Listen and repeat the sounds with /h/.
To show when something started, use a time expression Are any of them difficult to hear or say?
starting with 4 . 13
Some verbs are generally not used in the present perfect using the words below. Together, try to write
continuous. We use them in the present perfect simple form. them down. Then listen again and check.
For example: be, believe, hate, 5 and 6 .
behind halfway historical horror
Check your ideas on page 182 and do Exercise 1. habit happy hobby rehearse
8 Respond to these comments by writing a How 14

long …? question. Use the verb in brackets in write collocations / phrases for the words in
the present perfect continuous or simple. Exercise 13.
How long have you been going there? the guy behind me,
1 I’m a member of a gym. (go there) get stuck behind a big truck,
2 They have their dance class on Tuesdays. (do) stand behind me
3 She speaks English well. (learn)
Unit 13 Culture 121
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14
122
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• talk about common household objects
• explain where things are in a house
• describe things, people and places that you don’t
know the names of
• talk about food shopping
• discuss some environmental issues
• talk about suitable gifts
SPEAKING
• Which room do you think the photo shows? Why?
• Do you think they’re moving in or moving out? Why?
• What things can you see in the photo?
• Do you think you have more or less stuff than the
people in the photo?
• Have you ever moved house? If yes, when? Why?
Was it easy or hard?
2 Rank the rooms and places below from 1 (the
most important to sort out when you move)
to 9 (the one you’d sort out last).
the bathroom the garage the living room

the bedrooms the garden the office
the dining room the kitchen the spare room
3 Work in groups. Explain your decisions.

Then think of two things people might need
to buy for each room after moving into a new
house / place.
STUFF
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Unit 14 Stuff 123
21/08/2015 15:12
WHAT’S IT CALLED IN ENGLISH?
LISTENING
1 84 Listen to three new flatmates planning a shopping trip. Decide which of the
things in the picture they are going to buy – and what each of these things is called.
1 4 5
2
9
12
6
7
8 10 11
13
2 84 Listen again and complete the sentences 5 Work in pairs. Look again at the things in
with three words in each space. Contractions Exercise 3. Tell each other:
like don’t count as one word. • if there are any things you don’t have.
1 We’ll have to give everything and sort the • which things you use the most.
place out.
• if there are any things you never use.
2 Maybe we should go into town and .
• where exactly each of the things in the box are in
3 One minute. I’ll get a pen and we can . your house.
4 When you use the brush, what the thing
that you use to get rubbish from the floor?
5 It’s a kind of liquid that’s really good .
6 It’s in the kitchen. In the cupboard .
7 We should for these things. Explaining where things are
8 Oh yes, of course. A kettle! I a kettle! We often give two descriptions of where things are: one
general, one more specific. Notice the prepositions used.
For example:
VOCABULARY Things in the house It’s in the kitchen – in the cupboard under the sink.
3 Which of these things can you see in the
pictures? 6 Choose the correct prepositions.
1 There’s one at / in the bathroom on / at the shelf.
a bin a hammer and nails a pan a stapler
a cloth a mop and bucket a plaster a torch 2 There’s one above / down the sink in the kitchen.
a desk a needle and thread a rubber a towel 3 There’s one on / at the desk in my study.
4 There’s one at / on the side – next to the sink.
4 Complete the sentences with words from
Exercise 3. 5 There’s one at / in the corner of the garage.
1 Have you got I could borrow? I’d like to 6 There’s one in / at the cupboard down / under the
have a shower. stairs.
2 Have you got ? I’d like to clean the table. 7 There’s one in / at a drawer in the kitchen, the one
up / next to the fridge.
3 Have you got ? I’ve just cut myself.
8 There’s one in the garage, in a box at / by the door.
4 Have you got ? I’ll make us some soup.
5 Have you got ? I need to go out into the 7 Work in pairs. Which things might be in the
garden and it’s really dark out there. places in Exercise 6?
6 Have you got ? I need to put a button A: There could be a towel in the bathroom on the shelf.
back on my shirt. B: Yes, or maybe different kinds of medicine.
7 Have you got ? I’ve spilt water everywhere.
8 Have you got ? I need to join these bits of
paper together.
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GRAMMAR Relative clauses 11
Complete the sentences with a relative pronoun.
1 An oven is a large piece of equipment you
8 Work in pairs. How many of these things can use to heat and cook food in the kitchen.
you name? What do you call …
2 A builder is a person builds or repairs houses.
1 the thing in the kitchen that you can pull open and
keep things like knives and forks in? 3 A building site is the place a new building
is constructed.
2 something fixed to a wall which you put books and
things like that on? 4 A deposit is the money you pay when you
start renting a place. You get it back when you leave.
3 the money which you borrow from a bank to buy a
house or apartment? 5 A babysitter is a person you pay to come to
your house and look after your kids.
4 a person that lives next door to you, or upstairs or
downstairs from you? 6 A shed is a wooden building in the garden
you can store things.
5 a man who owns the house or apartment that you rent?
7 A handle is the part of a door or a window
6 the place in the house where guests can stay or you use for opening it.
where you can store things?
8 A lawn is an area of cut grass in the garden
7 the place near – or connected to – your house kids can play.
where you can keep your car?
9 A plumber is a person installs or repairs
8 the place just outside an upstairs window where you pipes and things like showers, sinks and toilets.
can stand?
12
Think of a thing, a job and a place that you don’t
9 Match the words in the box to the descriptions know the words for in English, and write three
in Exercise 8. What do you call …? questions. Then work in
groups to ask and answer your questions.
balcony garage mortgage shelf
drawer landlord neighbour spare room For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 183.
10
Work in pairs. Identify the relative clauses and
pronouns in Exercise 8. Then complete the rules CONVERSATION PRACTICE
in the Grammar box. 13
Work in pairs. Imagine you are going on a picnic.
You need to plan what to take.
We use relative clauses to add information about what a Student A: look at File 9 on page 189.
thing, person or place is / does. Relative clauses usually
begin with a relative pronoun. Student B: look at File 16 on page 191.
For things, we use or . Spend a few minutes thinking about how to
For people, we use or . describe each thing, using relative clauses.
For places, we use . 14
Now roleplay a conversation with your partner.
Take turns describing your objects.
Unit 14 Stuff 125
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WHAT A LOAD OF RUBBISH!
VOCABULARY Containers 2 Work in pairs. Decide if each container is usually
made of metal, glass, plastic, cardboard or cloth.
1 Label the pictures of three families’
shopping with the words in the box. 3 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
• Which family do you think spends the most?
a bar of chocolate a packet of biscuits
a box of cereal a pot of yoghurt • Which family has the healthiest diet?
a can of cola a sack of rice • Which family do you think causes the most damage to
a carton of milk a tin of tomatoes the environment? Why?
a jar of honey a tray of meat
• How does your family’s food shopping compare to these
families’?
1
READING
• Does your family shop at a supermarket? Which one? Why?
• What environmental issues are connected to shopping?
5 Read the article on page 127 about supermarket
shopping and the environment. Find out four things
you shouldn’t buy. Explain why.
6 Discuss in pairs whether you think these sentences
are true (T) or false (F).
1 100% efficiency is impossible.
2 The writer lives in New Zealand.
3 The writer doesn’t recycle anything.
4 Producing aluminium is very inefficient.
5 Plastic bottles reduce transport costs.
2 6 Tap water is better for the environment than bottled.
7 The author eats a lot of meat.
8 Eating a lot of cheese is bad for the environment.
9 The sausages which were found were 30 years old.
• Based on what you read, what do you think the professor in
the article would say to each of the families in Exercise 1?
• Do you do any of the things the professor suggests?
Which ones?
• Is there anything in the article you don’t believe? Why?
• Do you recycle any of the containers in Exercise 1?
8 Work in pairs. Read the fact file and discuss:
• if you find any of the facts surprising.
• what your country does to encourage recycling.
3
FACT FILE
• It’s estimated it costs around $100 per tonne to dispose of
rubbish and $1,000 a tonne to get rid of chemicals such as paint.
• Switzerland charges people for throwing away rubbish. People
mustn’t leave rubbish outside without a sticker on the bag to
show they have paid.
• It recycles 50% of its waste and burns all the rest.
• Sweden heats 20% of its homes by burning rubbish.
• Estonia has the best record on rubbish in the EU. It wastes only
0.5kg per person per day.
• The airports in New York are built on top of rubbish.
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RUBBISH ‘Well, that’s good, but the aluminium in those cans is bad. They have
to mine four tonnes of rock to get one tonne of aluminium, and the
FOOD
transport costs of the cans and glass bottles are higher as they are
heavier than plastic. Anyway, what’s wrong with having tap water?
It’s much more efficient.’
‘I … er … prefer … .’ The professor’s look stops me from finishing
the sentence!
‘If you must have soft drinks, buy them in recyclable plastic bottles
and get the largest size, because they use less plastic than lots of
small bottles. The same is true of those small boxes of cereal.’
T here are laws of nature that we can’t ignore,
like gravity and waste. We know what goes
up must come down and, similarly, we can’t avoid
The next problem is the amount of meat I’ve bought. He tells me
the chicken is OK, but generally meat is bad for the environment.
the fact that everything we produce and consume ‘Firstly, cows and sheep produce a lot of natural gas which causes
leads to waste. In the case of my supermarket global warming. Secondly, they’re an inefficient way to get food
shopping, there’s loads of waste. Professor Liam energy. Better to be vegetarian, especially if the vegetables are locally
Taylor, an expert on the environment, is trying to grown and you don’t eat too many dairy products.’
convince me I could waste less. I am becoming depressed as all my favourite things get crossed off
From my shopping basket, he picks up a my shopping list. ‘What about those cakes?’ I say. ‘They were made
polystyrene tray of six New Zealand kiwi fruits in the supermarket bakery and the packaging is biodegradable, so
covered in clear plastic. ‘These probably caused they must be OK.’
three tons of carbon dioxide by being flown twelve He laughs. ‘Well, I guess the cake is, but forget about
thousand miles. To make things worse, this kind biodegradable!’ Apparently, a team of archaeologists recently
of plastic is almost impossible to recycle. What’s investigated sites where rubbish had been buried. They found
wrong with local apples?’ newspapers that were thirty years old, and which you could still
‘Nothing’, I weakly reply, ‘I just prefer kiwis.’ read, next to perfectly preserved sausages!
‘Hmm. Well, if you must have them, eat Italian ones I feel slightly sick and very, very guilty.
– and buy them with no packaging.’
He looks at the bottles of water and cans of cola.
Before he can say anything, I say, ‘I’m always careful
GLOSSARY
to recycle those.’ biodegradable: if something is biodegradable it means that it can be
naturally changed by bacteria and can safely become part of earth or water.
GRAMMAR 11
Complete the sentences with a form of must or
have to and the verb in brackets. Sometimes both
must and have to are possible.
must / mustn’t 1 The new law means companies
10% in the next two years. (reduce)
waste by
We use must to show something’s essential, either because
of a law or rule, or because we feel it’s essential. Mustn’t 2 You chemicals down the sink. (pour)
means it’s essential not to do something. Must can also be 3 You annoyed you can’t park your car at
used when we are guessing something is true. Must is often work now. How are you going to get here? (be)
replaced by have to, but it’s not always possible.
4 We to work or we won’t finish everything.
(get back)
9 Look at the extracts and decide if must / mustn’t
can be replaced by have to / don’t have to. 5 I to call Frank and tell him the meeting’s
cancelled. (remember)
a What goes up must come down.
6 You to give me the key back. (forget)
b If you must have soft drinks, buy them in recyclable
plastic bottles. 7 Luckily, we tax on rubbish, as I don’t have
much money. (pay)
c The packaging is biodegradable, so they must be OK.
8 If you that stuff, can you go somewhere
d People mustn’t leave rubbish outside without a else. It smells disgusting. (eat)
sticker on the bag.
12
Write four laws to help improve the environment
Check your ideas on page 183 and do Exercise 1. or reduce waste. Use must / mustn’t. Work in
groups to choose the best ideas.
PRONUNCIATION
10
85 Listen to the examples of must / mustn’t
and notice how you often don’t hear the
final t. Then practise saying the sentences.
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THANK YOU SO MUCH
SPEAKING 4 86 Listen again. Did you miss anything from
the stories?
• Can you think of a time you got a lot of presents? 5 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
What did you get? • Which of the presents mentioned do you think is the
• Do you think people ever get too many presents? best / worst? Why?
Why? / Why not? • What message do you think the third speaker’s ex-
• What was the last present you received? What was boyfriend was sending her? Do you think she was
the occasion? Were you happy with it? right to break up? What would you do if something
similar happened to you?
• What’s the best present you’ve ever received /
given? What was so good about it?
• Have you ever received any strange or bad
presents? Who from? What was wrong with them?
LISTENING Verbs with two objects

In the listening you heard My big sister bought me my own
2 86 Listen to four people talking about website. Some verbs, such as buy, can be followed by one
presents they have received. Answer the or two objects.
questions for each speaker. My big sister bought a website.
1 What presents did they get? My big sister bought me a website.
2 What was the occasion? When there are two objects we usually say the person first
and the thing second, but if we want to put the thing first,
3 Were they happy with the presents when they got then the person is added in a phrase that begins with for
them? or to.
3 Work in pairs. Take turns re-telling the whole My big sister bought a website for me.
stories using the words below. She sent an email to me with the link in it.
1 loved the way / gave me clues / click the link
2 lived close / save loads / lose weight
3 kind of message / from then on / broke up
4 suddenly said / to be polite / blowing away
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6 Complete the sentences with these pairs of words. SPEAKING
ask + a personal question make + some tea 9 Work in groups. Decide what is the best present
buy + a car read + a story to get in each of the situations below. Explain
cook + dinner send + a card your ideas. Some of the expressions in the box
lend + some money tell + a secret may help.
1 My parents don’t give me presents any more – they It depends what they do / where they live / what kind of
just me for my birthday. things they like, etc. If … then …
2 Sorry about that. I couldn’t talk earlier. I had to It’s a safe choice.
my kids before they went to
sleep. It’s not very original.
3 I can’t believe it! My dad has promised to You want to get them something unusual like a … .
my brother when he graduates! He It’s (not) the kind of thing a teenager / elderly person,
doesn’t even have a licence yet! etc. would like / use / wear.
4 I’m going to my flatmates What would they do with it? Where would they put it?
tonight. I’m making a traditional dish from my country.
I think … would be more appropriate.
5 I’ve left my wallet at home. Can you me
They can always take it back and change it.
? I’ll pay you back tomorrow, I promise.
6 You must be exhausted. Come and sit down and I’ll 1 It’s your grandparents’ golden wedding anniversary.
you – unless you’d prefer a They’ve been married for 50 years.
coffee.
2 Your cousin turns thirteen next week and you want to
7 If I you , do you promise not to buy her something special.
tell anyone else?
3 Some friends of yours – or of your family – have just
8 Do you mind if I you ? How had their first baby.
much did you pay for it?
4 It’s Valentine’s Day next week and you want to get
7 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. your boyfriend / girlfriend something romantic.
• Do you ever send cards / e-cards to people? Why? 5 You’ve been invited to someone’s house for dinner
and you want to take something for them.
• Do you ever cook dinner for people? When was the
last time? What did you cook? What was it like? 6 Someone where you work is retiring next month.
• When was the last time someone cooked you 7 Some friends have moved into a new house and
dinner? What was it like? have invited you to a party there.
• Have you ever lent someone some money? Did they
pay you back? SOUNDS AND VOCABULARY REVIEW
• Who do you usually tell your secrets to? Why? 10
87 Listen and repeat the sounds with /e/, /ə/,
8 Complete the sentences. Add the words in /ɔ:/ and /ɜ:/. Are any of them difficult to hear
brackets in the correct place. or say?
1 We paid them so I expected something better. (a lot 11
of money) using the words below. Together, try to write them
2 I sent presents for Christmas, but they haven’t called. down. Then listen again and check.
I wonder if they received them. (to all the family)
burn chemical environment preserve
3 My husband made breakfast in bed on Valentine’s bury drawer present store
Day. It’s a shame he burnt the toast! (me)
4 My grandparents have been married for 40 years 12
so we want to give them for their anniversary.
write collocations / phrases for the words in
(something special)
Exercise 11.
5 She cooked this amazing meal. Honestly, she should
start her own restaurant. (for us) burn my hand,
burn some rubbish,
6 It was a bit embarrassing because they brought the dinner’s burnt
some wine, but we don’t drink! (us)
Unit 14 Stuff 129
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video 7
Oxford
1 Look at the photo of Oxford. What do you know 3 He took / was taking them out on boat rides along
about this place? Think about: the river and told / had told them many stories.
• its location. 4 Dodgson based / was based the stories on
situations, places and people that were familiar to
• its history.
the children.
• what it’s famous for.
5 The city has also influenced / also influences the
• any literature / art / music that is connected to the city. writing of other great fantasy writers.
2 27Watch the first part of the video (0.00–1.14). 6 They often met / were often meeting at The Eagle
Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F). and Child.
1 Oxford is to the east of London. 5 Work in groups. Tell each other about:
2 It was originally a place where farmers took their a other places you know that people visit because
cows across the river. they’re connected to books / films.
3 Oxford University is the oldest university in the b any other famous universities you know about.
English-speaking world. c what your home town / city is most famous for.
4 The university was founded in 1096. d any famous people from your home town / city.
5 The university is made up of different colleges. e any films / TV series set in places you know well.
6 The Harry Potter novels were written in Oxford.
3 27Watch the second part of the video (1.15– UNDERSTANDING FAST SPEECH
end) and find out:
• how the author of Alice In Wonderland knew the girl video said at natural pace and then slowed
that Alice was based on. down. To help you, groups of words are marked
• when the author used to tell kids the stories that with / and pauses are marked //. Stressed
became Alice In Wonderland. sounds are in CAPITALS.
• two examples of how the Alice stories were possibly MANy beLIEVE the SHOP in the STOry / REPresents
based on real people and places.
a SMALL SHOP / JUST aCROSS the ROAD from
• why The Eagle and Child pub was important.
CHRISTchurch // In DODGson’s TIME / the SHOPkeeper
4 Choose the correct option. Then watch the was an OLD WOman / with a SHEEP-like VOICE
whole video again and check your ideas.
1 Historians know / have known people were teaching
and studying / had taught and studied here as far at natural pace.
back as 1096.
2 In recent years, the college building has become /
became famous as a filming location.
130
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Review 7
5 Write a sentence before or after the sentences you
heard in Exercise 4 to create short dialogues.
Grammar Vocabulary
1 Complete the text with one word in each space. 6 Match the verbs (1–8) with the nouns they
Contractions like don’t count as one word. collocate with (a–h).
For the 1 few weeks, they have 2 1 lend a the table
showing a series on TV 3 is all about the
2 spill b a traditional dish
history 4 Africa. It 5 be good,
because my son, 6 is never normally 3 reach c a novel
interested in that kind of thing, 7 watched 4 promote d a personal question
every single episode. It’s amazing! I’ve 8 5 read e the local culture
known him to watch something so keenly. He keeps
6 clean f money
telling us we 9 watch anything else when it’s
on! We’re not even 10 to suggest other things 7 ask g a crossroads
to watch! It’s not open for discussion. This week, the 8 make h water all over the floor
show was about one of the cities 11 white
7 Decide if these words and phrases are connected
Europeans first landed – and what’s happened to it to films, things in the house, or music and art.
12
their arrival.
a carton an exhibition sculpture
a comedy an explosion special effects
similar meaning to the first sentence, using the a composer a landscape a stapler
word given. Do not change the word given. You costumes a pan a torch
must use between two and four words including
the word given. 8 Complete the sentences. Use the word in
1 Things have become much more expensive over the brackets to form a word that fits in the space.
last few months.
1 It’s a drama set in England in the
has risen a lot over the last few 12th century. (history)
months. LIVING
2 I can’t watch most horror movies. I find them too
2 We got married ten years ago. . (scared)
We ten years now. FOR 3 It wasn’t a bad film, but the ending was very
3 The use of phones during the test is not permitted. . (predict)
Remember: you use your phones during 4 It’s just a really habit he’s got. (annoy).
the test. TO 5 I don’t read much . I prefer novels and
4 I must remember to write and say thank you. short stories. (poet)
I write and say thank you. FORGET 6 Some really works of art were stolen from
the museum last night. (value)
5 My brother has been reading lots of books about
history recently. 9 Complete the text with one word in each space.
My brother has started to develop The first letters are given.
recently. INTEREST We’ve recently moved house. To be honest, I found
6 I imagine you’re quite hungry after all that travelling. the whole process really 1ti . There was so
quite hungry after all that travelling. BE much to do – and we had to buy a lot of new things as
well. We needed a mop and 2b so we could
3 Choose the correct option. give the place a clean. The 3d room was
1 I bought some amazing leathers boots / boots particularly dirty! Then my husband wanted to put up
leather / leather boots in Mexico. a big 4po of his parents in the 5l
2 I’ve been going to Spanish classes for / since / during room, so we had to go and get a 6h and
the start of the year. nails to do that. Next, my son cut himself while he was
3 We’ve been knowing / known each other for years. playing, and we didn’t have any 7pl , so it was
We went to school together. another visit to the shops! Tonight I just want to stay in,
4 That’s the place where / that my dad used to work in. watch a nice 8ro comedy, eat my way through
a 9p of biscuits and relax!
5 That / You / It must be tired after such a long journey!
6 Be ambitious. You don’t have to / mustn’t be scared
to dream big!
7 What do you call the place where / that / which you
eat at school or in an office?
8 How many times have you been seeing / seen / been
seen that movie now?
Review 7 131
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15
132
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• talk about the economy
• use time phrases to say when things happen
• compare prices
• talk about money issues and problems
• say different kinds of numbers
SPEAKING
1 Look at the photo. Discuss the questions:
• Why do you think the illustration on this twenty-
dollar bill was chosen?
• Do you know any other places or people that
appear on American banknotes? If so, why do you
think they were chosen?
• What illustrations are there on the banknotes
in your country? Do you think they are a good
choice? Why / Why not?
• Do you know of any other illustrations of different
foreign notes?
2 Work in groups. Imagine you are designing
new banknotes. For each of the categories
below, choose three illustrations. Explain
your choices.
• famous people
• buildings
• cultural images
MONEY
Unit 15 Money 133
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COST OF LIVING
VOCABULARY LISTENING
The economy and quality of life 3 90 Listen to Aidan and Laima talking about
1 Work in pairs. Check you understand the life in Freedonia. Laima is on holiday there and
situation in bold. Then think of one more Aidan works in a school. Find out:
consequence (good or bad) of each situation. 1 what the quality of Aidan’s life in Freedonia is like.
1 Our currency is very strong, so it’s cheap for us to 2 how well the economy is doing.
travel abroad. 3 why he wants to leave.
2 Our currency is really weak at the moment. It’s very
expensive to import things from abroad. 4 90Listen again and choose the words
you hear.
3 A lot of people can’t afford basic things because the
cost of living is very high. 1 The economy’s doing quite badly at the / in this
moment.
4 Inflation is currently quite low. Prices haven’t
changed much since last year. 2 I’m actually going back to Canada in / for a few
months.
5 There’s a lot of unemployment. Around 25% of the
working population don’t have a job. 3 Unemployment has gone up quite a lot over the last
few months / rest of the month.
6 Unemployment has fallen a lot over the past year,
so more people have work. 4 I could get paid a lot more back home / in Canada.
7 The average salary is about $35,000 a year there, 5 Eating out is twice / half the price in my country.
so I can earn more than here. 6 That’s true, but it used to be cheaper in / at the past.
2 Work in groups. Discuss the questions. 7 Anyway, in / at the end, I miss my family and friends.
a How do the following things affect your quality of life? 8 I don’t mind the cold weather so much. You get used
to it after a time / while.
• job security • cost of living
• time off • climate 5 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
• pace of life • transport • From what you heard, do you think Aidan is making
• crime • family the right decision? Why? / Why not?
b Are there any other factors that you think are • Apart from family and friends, what would you miss if
important for a good quality of life? you lived abroad – or, if you are living abroad at the
moment, what do you miss?
c Which things do you think are most important? Why?
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GRAMMAR DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS
Time phrases and tense Comparing prices

Some adverbs and time phrases are generally used with We often compare prices in different places and times:
particular tenses. For example, currently usually goes Eating out is twice the price in my country.
with a present tense, especially the present continuous,
whereas phrases starting with since more often go with the Milk is much more expensive (now) than it used to be.
present perfect. We often then give an example:
Inflation is currently quite low. Prices haven’t changed You can get a three-course meal for about $6 here. A meal
much since last year. back home costs $20.
The economy is currently doing quite well. You can’t get a litre for less than a euro now. It used to be
only 70 cents.
6 Look at the audio script for Track 90 on page
208 and find a sentence using each of the time 9 Complete sentences 1–4 with a word from the
phrases 1–6. Which tense or structure (a–d) is box and a price. Then write a similar follow-up
used with each time phrase? sentence for 5–8.
1 in a few months
can laptop packet smartphone
2 at the moment kilo litre pair suit
3 over the last few months
4 in a years’ time 1 Clothes are much cheaper there than elsewhere. A
5 in the past designer only costs .
6 over the last two years 2 The crisps in here are four times more expensive
than they are in the shops. A here costs
a the present continuous .
b the present perfect simple 3 Soft drinks there are twice the price they are here.
c used to You can’t get a for less than .
d be going to / will 4 Computers are much cheaper than they used to be.
You can get a now for .
5 Petrol is a lot cheaper there.
7 Complete the sentences with the correct form of 6 Shoes are much more expensive there.
the verbs (present continuous, present perfect, 7 Electronic goods are much cheaper there.
be going to or used to).
8 Rice is much more expensive than it used to be.
1 At the moment, the economy quite well.
(do)
2 Unemployment over the last few months. 10
Work in pairs. Take turns starting conversations
(fall) and responding using the ideas from Exercise 9.
3 The cost of living a lot in the last five A: Clothes are much cheaper there than elsewhere.
years. (go up) B: I know. A designer suit only costs about 1,200.
4 Eating out a lot cheaper when I was a kid.
(be)
11
Work in groups. Tell each other about very
expensive / cheap places you know and give
5 There an election in four months’ time. (be) examples. Are there any things that have risen or
6 The government currently fallen in price over the last few years?
popularity. (lose)
7 According to the government, inflation CONVERSATION PRACTICE
over the next few months. (fall)
8 Crime less of a problem when I was 12
You are going to roleplay conversations about life
younger. (be) in different countries.
9 Our currency stronger at the moment. (get) Student A: talk about the economy and quality of
10
We more job security in the past. (have) life in your own country.
8 Work in groups. Discuss which of the sentences Student B: read the role card in File 11 on page 190.
in Exercise 7 are true for your country. Explain Talk about the economy and quality of life in that
your ideas. country.
For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 184. 13
Now change roles.
Student A: read the role card in File 7 on page 189.
Student B: talk about your own country.
Unit 15 Money 135
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MY INHERITANCE
READING
1 Work in groups. You are going to read
about a woman attending the reading
of her father’s will. A will is a legal
document that says what should happen
to a person’s possessions after they die.
Before you read, discuss these questions.
• Why do you think it important to have a will?
• What age do you think most people write
their will?
• What are the most special or valuable things
you have? Would you leave them to anyone
in particular? Why? / Why not?
• Have you heard of any stories about wills in
the news?
2 Read the story. Find out why the author
was surprised.
1 Find the different sayings the author’s
parents had. What do you think they meant?
2 Based on what you read, what do you think
the daughters enjoyed when they were
growing up, and what do you think they
complained about? Why?
3 How do you think the parents became rich?
4 Why do you think they didn’t tell their
daughters?
5 How do you think the daughters felt about it
when they found out?
WILL POWER
Dad used to find bits of wood and turn them into toy boats and
dolls. Mum taught us to make and repair clothes, which we used
to do together at night. They had funny little sayings that they’d
repeat whenever we complained about things: ‘Money’s silver, but a
needle and thread is gold!’ ‘Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man
None of us had any idea what was going healthy, wealthy and wise’; ‘Never buy what you can borrow, never
to happen when we arrived at the lawyer’s throw away what you can repair.’ We used to laugh at them, and
office. Dad had died two months earlier in sometimes invented our own silly sayings: ‘A fool spends what the
his bed in the same two-bedroom house wise man saves’; ‘A glass of water is worth all the tea in China.’ We
where we’d grown up. Apart from the house, laughed, but having so little money was often annoying. I think we
we didn’t expect Dad to leave anything of were the only family in our school without a TV; we never drank
value. I mean, for years after my mum died, soft drinks, and sharing a room with two big sisters for sixteen years
he’d gone to a neighbour’s house to watch was difficult.
TV. I offered to buy him a TV once, but he So we walked into the lawyer’s office and sat down. We were
just said, ‘Never buy what you can borrow!’ serious, but not sad any more. Dad had had a good life. The lawyer
That was typical of him. I guess he liked his started reading; I was hardly paying attention, really, but then the
neighbour’s company as well. numbers seemed to continue without end. ‘Wait, I’m sorry,’ I said.
‘How much did you say he had?’ The lawyer smiled, ‘Yes, I imagine
My mum had never worked and Dad was an it does need repeating. Two million, seven hundred and eighty-one
insurance salesman. We assumed he wasn’t thousand, six hundred and fifty three pounds and eighteen pence.’
successful because we were never bought
toys and we wore second-hand clothes. We
just thought he couldn’t afford these things. “ We didn’t know what to say! Nearly three million pounds!
How? Why? We had so many questions, so many feelings.
”
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LISTENING 8 Work in pairs. Answer the questions about the
word pay.
4 91Check you understand these sentences.
1 What different ways can you pay for something?
Then listen to the rest of the story and decide if
the sentences are true (T) or false (F). 2 What kinds of bills do people have to pay?
1 Her father had won the money. 3 When do you have to pay a bank / someone back?
2 He bought shares in a company that doubled in 4 How and when do people get paid?
value. 5 When do you have to pay interest?
3 The daughters didn’t receive all of the money. 6 Who do you pay to do something?
4 She’s still angry about the situation. 7 Where do people have to pay attention?
5 The money will help other people. 8 Say three things you might offer to pay for.
6 She’s planning to spend the money on a holiday.
PRONUNCIATION
• How would you feel if you were in this situation?
9 Work in pairs. How do you say these numbers
• Do you agree that the parents did a fantastic thing?
Would you do it? Why? / Why not? from the story?
• What would you do if you had a quarter of a million 1 £2,000,000 5 £4.12
pounds now? 2 781,000 6 2.7
3 653 ¼
7
VOCABULARY Money verbs 4 1965
6 Look at the story again and at the audio script 10
92 Listen and check your ideas.
for Track 91 on page 208. Find as many words
as you can that are connected to money.
11
93 Listen and complete the sentences with the
Compare your ideas with a partner.
numbers you hear.
7 Complete the conversations with the correct 1 The minimum wage at that time was
form of the verbs in the box. an hour.
2 Inflation fell to last month.
borrow earn invest owe win
buy give leave save worth 3 The government is going to invest
in schools.
1 A: Sorry, can I two euros? I don’t have 4 of the population own a car.
enough.
5 The new factory will create jobs.
B: Of course. Just take it. I you three
euros, anyway. 6 The house cost .
2 A: Why have you stopped going out so much? 7 We borrowed from the bank.
B: Well, I’m working more and I’m for my 8 We’ll finally pay back the mortgage in .
university fees.
3 A: Hey, I’ve ten euros on the lottery! SPEAKING
B: Wow! Ten euros. What are you going to do with 12
Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
it? it in shares? Buy a boat?
• What do you spend most of your money on? Are you
A: There’s no need to be sarcastic. I was going to any good at saving money?
you a coffee actually, but maybe I
won’t now. • What are good things to invest money in? Have you
ever invested in shares? Were they successful?
4 A: Would you like to money to a
children’s charity each month? • In which jobs do you think people earn too much
money? In which jobs do they earn too little? Why?
B: I’m sorry. I can’t afford to. I don’t much
in my job. • Do you know anyone who’s won any money? How?
A: It doesn’t have to be much. Every little helps. • Have you ever lost money? How?
B: I’m sorry. Not today. I’m in a hurry. • Have you ever been left anything (e.g. in a will)?
What?
5 A: That’s a nice painting. It looks quite old. Is it
much? • What charities have you given money to? What do
they do?
B: I don’t know. My granddad it to me
when he died. I don’t know how valuable it is, but • Does anyone owe you anything (money / a meal /
I’d never sell it. a favour, etc.)? Why?
Unit 15 Money 137
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MONEY, MONEY, MONEY!
LISTENING GRAMMAR
1 Work in groups. Discuss what money problems
the people in these situations might have – and
the best way of dealing with each problem. Time clauses
a a teenager living at home with parents We start time clauses with words like when, as soon as,
before, after and until.
b customers in a restaurant
c young adults travelling cheaply round the world 5 Look at these sentences from the listening. Then
d a couple with two small kids work in pairs. Discuss the questions below.
e someone shopping in a second-hand / vintage store a I’ll pay you back as soon as I get paid.
f someone unable to take money out of their bank b You can pay half back when you have the money, OK?
account c You’ll receive your new PIN number after you get
2 Listen to four conversations. Match each
94 the card.
one to a situation in Exercise 1. Then work in
1 What’s the whole time clause in each sentence?
pairs. Compare your ideas and discuss:
2 Do the time clauses refer to the past, the present or
• what problems were mentioned in each the future?
conversation.
3 In what tense is the verb in each time clause?
• how the problems were dealt with.
4 What tenses / structures are used in the main clause
3 Work in pairs. Complete the sentences
94 of each sentence?
with one word in each space. Then listen again
and check.
Conversation 1 6 Choose the correct option.
1 I’ll get this. It’s my . 1 I’m going to try and find a part-time job when I’m / I’ll
2 What’s ? be at university.
3 I’ve just realised I my wallet in my other 2 What do you do / are you going to do after you
jacket. graduate?
Conversation 2 3 Call me as soon as you arrive / will arrive, OK?
4 It’s hard to find things like that in this . 4 I’m going to move / I move back home before the
recession here gets worse.
5 Look – there’s a here.
5 You’ll just have to save until you have / you’ll have
6 The best price I can is 150.
enough money!
Conversation 3
6 The software is really good. It’ll really speed things
7 have just gone up. up, but it might take some time before you get / you’ll
8 I haven’t to save much yet. get used to using it.
9 Maybe we can some money from the bank. 7 I’ll pay / I pay you back when I get paid, OK?
Conversation 4 8 Can you two please finish arguing about the bill after
I leave / I’ll leave?
10 Your card was cancelled because of some
activity. 9 We’ll support / We support you until you graduate.
After that, though, you’ll have to start looking after
11
We that your card was copied sometime yourself!
last month.
10 I’m waiting for confirmation of the dates, but I call / I’ll
12 Everything is covered by your . call you as soon as I hear anything.
4 Work in groups. Discuss the questions. 7 Complete the sentences below using your own
• Have you ever had any similar problems to the ones ideas. Then work with a partner and compare
you heard about? If yes, when? What happened? what you have written. Explain your ideas.
• Which problem do you think was the most serious? 1 When I get home today, I’m going to …
• Who do you think should pay on dates: the man, the 2 As soon as I have enough money, I’m going to …
woman or both? Why?
3 After this course ends, I’ll probably …
• Do you like vintage clothes? Why? / Why not?
4 Before I get too old, I’d really like to …
• Are you good at negotiating good prices in markets?
5 I’m going to carry on studying English until …
• How much money do you think parents should give
their children? Until what age? For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 184.
• Have you heard any stories about credit cards being

copied – or about any similar crimes?
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VOCABULARY Dealing with banks SPEAKING
8 Complete each pair of collocations with one 11
Work in pairs. Choose two of the following
verb from the box. situations to roleplay. Decide which roles you
are going to play. Spend a few minutes planning
cancel charge open take out what to say. Use the audio script on page 208 to
change make pay transfer help you. Then roleplay the conversations.
1 ~ a savings account / ~ a joint account with my partner 1 Two friends are having lunch in a café. They try
to decide how they are going to pay. One person
2 ~ a mortgage / ~ a loan realises he doesn’t have any money. They work out
3 ~ a complaint / ~ a payment what to do about it.
4 ~ some money / ~ my PIN number 2 One person wants to buy a second-hand car. The
seller asks a very high price. The buyer tries to
5 ~ £1,000 from my current account to my savings
negotiate a better price. The buyer points out
account / ~ money to my son in Thailand
problems with the car. They try to reach a deal.
6 ~ money into my account / ~ bills by direct debit
3 A teenager wants her dad to buy her a new laptop.
7 ~ my credit card / ~ a cheque The father is worried about how much it will cost and
8 ~ 5% interest / ~ me 30 euros how he will pay for it. He suggests alternative ideas.
They try to reach a deal.
9 Spend two minutes memorising the collocations 4 A customer is phoning a bank to find out why
in Exercise 8. Then work in pairs and take turns their credit card was rejected in a shop. The bank
to test each other. employee explains the situation and tells the
customer what will happen next.
Student A: read out each verb in the box.
Student B: close your book. Try to say the pair of SOUNDS AND VOCABULARY REVIEW
collocations for each verb.
12
95 Listen and repeat the sounds with /ɪ/, /ɔɪ/, /ə/
Then change roles. and /əʊ/. Are any of them difficult to hear or say?
10
Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. 13
1 When might you want to open a joint account? using the words below. Together, try to write
2 Can you think of three reasons why people might
take out a loan?
average currency joint owe
3 Can you think of three reasons why people might borrow election mortgage unemployment
make a complaint to a bank manager?
4 Why might someone decide to change their 14
PIN number? write collocations / phrases for the words in
5 Why might someone need to cancel their credit card? Exercise 13.
6 Why might someone need to cancel a cheque? the average salary, the average age, increase the
average
Unit 15 Money 139
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16
Events
140
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• describe different kinds of parties and events
• ask and answer linked questions
• explain major historical events in a country’s history
• say different dates
• talk about special days in your life
Speaking
the questions.
• Where do you think it is?
• Who do you think the people are? What are they
doing? Why do you think they are dressed up like
this?
• Do you think it’s a fun or a serious event? Why?
• Would you either take part in or watch an event
like this? Why? / Why not?
• What events in your country mark something from
history? Do you know anything about that history?
• Which of the following do the events in your
country involve?
music and dancing private parties

a religious ceremony a parade
a public holiday wearing old-style clothes
Unit 16 Events 141
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Have a few friends round!
Vocabulary a Everyone was great – really warm and friendly.
b It was nice – not too loud. Just good background
Describing parties and events music.
1 Complete the sentences about different kinds of c It was fantastic. It’s an amazing venue for a party.
parties with these words. d A bit cold and distant, to be honest. No-one was
really mixing.
friends round launch surprise
e It was nice. They had a buffet and everyone helped
housewarming leaving party wedding reception
themselves.
1 We’ve just moved to a new flat and we’re having a f Well, the first DJ was great, but the second guy
next week. completely cleared the dance floor.
2 It’s my last day in the office tomorrow and my g It was great. I thought the organisation of the whole
colleagues have organised a after work. event was very impressive. They did a brilliant job.
h It was great to begin with, but then there was a big
3 My brother’s getting married in the summer and
argument and that ruined the rest of the evening.
they’ve decided to have the on a boat.
i Oh, it was OK. They just put a few bowls of olives
4 We’ve set up a new website and we’ve organised a and crisps and things on the tables for people to
big party to it. pick at.
5 It was my birthday and I had a few for j It used to be a factory, but they converted it into an
dinner. events venue a few years ago.
6 We’re having a party for Keira on Friday, but don’t tell 4 Work in pairs. Think of one more way of
her. It’s supposed to be a .
answering each of the questions in Exercise 3.
2 Work in pairs. Tell each other as much as you
can about the different kinds of parties: LISTENING
• you have held.
5 97 Listen to three conversations about
• you have been invited to. parties. Answer the questions for each
3 Match each question (1–5) to two answers (a–j). conversation.
Check you understand the words in bold. 1 What kind of party was it?
1 What was the party like? 2 Whose party was it?
2 What was the place like? 3 Where was it?
3 What was the food like? 4 What was it like?
4 What was the music like?
5 What were the people like?
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8 Match the general questions (1–8) with the
connected questions (a–h).
1 How was Michelle?
2 What was the weather like?
3 What time did the party go on till?
4 How did you feel when you found out?
5 Where did you have the party?
6 Who was there?
7 What’s their new house like?
8 How was the launch party?
a Was it a bit of a shock?

b Anywhere nice?
c Was it late?
d Did everything go according to plan?
e Was she OK?
f Was it nice and hot?
g Is it big?
h Anyone I know?
9 Work in pairs. Take turns asking the questions in
Exercise 8.
Student A: give positive answers.
Student B: give negative answers.
Continue each dialogue for one or two lines.
6 97 In which conversations did you hear each A: How was Michelle? Was she OK?
of the adjectives below? Can you remember B: Yeah, she was great. It was really good to see her
what each adjective described? Work in pairs again.
and compare your ideas. Then listen again and A: What’s she doing at the moment?
check your answers.
B: What was the weather like? Was it nice and hot?
easy to talk to grilled modern
A: No, unfortunately. It was quite cold.
full impressive spicy
gorgeous lovely typical B: Oh dear. What a shame.
7 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. Conversation Practice

• What’s the best kind of wedding reception to have?
Why? How much do you think it’s right to spend?
10
You are going to have conversations about
parties you have been to. First, think of three
• Are there are any converted buildings in your parties or celebrations you have been to in the
area / town? Would they be good places to live / last five years – or invent three. Think about the
have a party?
following questions:
• What different things might ruin a party?
• What kind of parties were they?
• Do you prefer having friends round for dinner or
• What was the occasion for each?
eating out? Why?
• Where were they?
Developing Conversations • What was the place like?

• Was there any food / music? If yes, what was it like?
• What were the other guests like?
Linked questions • What time did the party go on till?
People often ask two questions together. A general Wh-
question followed by a more specific yes / no question. 11
Imagine the parties / celebrations happened last
A: So what did you do last night? Anything interesting?
night. Have conversations with other students.
Start like this:
B: Yeah, I had a little dinner party at my place.
A: So what did you do last night? Anything interesting?
A: So how did it go? Was it good?
B: Yeah, I did, actually. I went to …
B: Yeah, it was lovely. It was really nice to see everyone.
Unit 16 Events 143
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A Brief History
Vocabulary Historical events 5 Work in pairs. Look at the prepositions in bold in
the article. Underline the words that go with the
1 Complete the fact file about Britain with the prepositions. Then change the words before or
words in the box. after the preposition and write a new sentence.
became join ruled was killed
People have lived in the region since the Stone Age.
invaded lasted was established won Inequality has existed since the Stone Age. / People
have lived in the region since the 5th Century.
Fact file: Britain Grammar

London 1 by the Romans around 2,000 years
ago when they occupied Britain. Articles
There is no single clear rule for using articles (a / an and
The Viking people from northern Europe first 2
the). As a guide, we use the to show we think it’s obvious
Britain in 786. They eventually occupied half the country. which thing(s) we mean – there’s nothing else it / they can
There was a civil war from 1642 to 1648 between be. We use a / an to show a thing could be one of several
examples, and it’s not important at this stage exactly which
Royalists (who supported the king, Charles I) and it is.
Parliament. Supporters of Parliament 3 the war,
so in January 1649 the king 4 and England
became a republic. The republic 5 for eleven 6 Work in pairs. Look at the sentences from the
years, until Charles II was made king. article. Explain why each article in bold is used.
1 It’s the ninth largest country in the world.
Between the 16th and 20th centuries, Britain established
a huge empire and at one stage it 6 in over 2 It’s an exporter of many other natural resources.
a hundred countries, covering a quarter of the world. 3 They share a border.
The United States was once ruled by Britain, but it 4 Islam was introduced by the Arabs in the eighth
7
independent in 1776. century.
Britain was one of the countries that established the United 5 Kazakhstan became part of the Soviet Union.
Nations in 1945, but it didn’t 8 the European 6 The only thing they can say is we played them at
Union (or EEC as it was then called) until 1973. football.
2 Work in pairs. How many of the words and 7 Choose the correct option.
phrases in bold in the fact file can you use to talk
about cities and countries you know? 1 The / A best day of my life was the / a day I got
married.
2 The / A day I will never forget is when I met President
READING Putin.
3 You are going to read an article from a series 3 I’ve never seen a / the whale in the wild, but I’d love to.
called Around the world in 300 words. Read the 4 I’d love to go to a / the United Sates and see a / the
introduction and discuss the questions in pairs. Grand Canyon one day.
1 Do you know anything about the country? What? 5 I’m glad to say, I’ve never broken a / the bone.
2 Why do you think people in the UK don’t know much 6 The / A left-wing party won the / a last election here.
about it? The / A party’s leader is quite young.
4 Read the rest of the article and answer the 8 Work in pairs. Take turns to say true sentences
questions. using the chunks in bold in Exercise 7.
1 How long have people lived in Kazakhstan?
2 How has the Kazakh lifestyle changed?
3 When did the country finally become independent?
4 What’s the main industry?
Speaking
5 What’s the most interesting information for you? 9 Work in groups. Discuss what should go in
Around the world in 300 words for your country.
6 If you know about the country, is there anything Think about the following.
important that isn’t mentioned? Would you change
anything in the text? • What are the most important events?
• What places would you mention? Why?
• What would go under the headings Place to visit,
Big building, Special day and Firsts?
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A rou n d t h e wor l d i n 3 0 0 wor d s …
K AZAKHSTAN
Ask most people on the streets of the UK what they know about Kazakhstan and the only thing they can
say is ‘We played them at football.’ Ask where it is, and they may mention it’s near Russia, but that’s all. Yet
Kazakhstan is huge – the ninth largest country in the world and the size of Western Europe. We think it’s time
people got to know it better. Oh, and yes, it is near Russia – they share a border and it’s 6,846 kilometres long!
People have lived in the region since the

Stone Age. The society was nomadic –
different groups moved across the land to
find grass and water for their animals, and
places to grow food for the season. The
name of Kazakhstan comes from a word
meaning ‘free spirit’.
However, some cities such as Talaz were
established 2,000 years ago as part of the
Silk Road trade route that went through
the region.
Two key events had an important influence
on the region: Islam was introduced by the
Arabs in the eighth century, and Genghis
Khan’s Mongol army invaded in 1219. Over
the next 200 years, the unique Kazakh
language, culture and economy developed,
based on nomadic life. A Kazakh family in their traditional yurt, a type of tent
However, this traditional lifestyle changed
during the 1800s, when the country
was occupied by Russia. The population
grew rapidly and there were political and
economic problems. This resulted in food
shortages and eventually led to fighting and
a civil war in 1916.
In 1920, Kazakhstan became part of the
Soviet Union. Over the following decade,
the last Kazakh nomads were forced to
live on farms or work in industry. Other
people within the Soviet Union, including
Germans, Ukrainians and Koreans, were
sent to work there.
After Kazakhstan became independent
on 16 December 1991, its economy grew
rapidly. It’s now the 11th largest producer
of oil and gas in the world, as well as an
exporter of many other natural resources.
The Pyramid of Peace cultural centre in Astana
Population: 16.4 million Special day: 22nd March. Nauriz celebrates Spring,
friendship and unity. It was banned when the Soviets ruled.
Capital: Astana (changed from Almaty in 1997)
Firsts: Humans here were the first to ride and use horses.
Place to visit: The Charyn Canyon The oldest rocket launch site in the world is Baikonur
Cosmodrome. Russia rents the site for its
Big building: The Pyramid of Peace, Astana. The cultural space programme.
centre aims to bring together all the great religions.
Unit 16 Events 145

Next week Kenya
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A day I’ll never forget
SPEAKING • Do you know where your mother’s and father’s sides
of the family come from originally?
1 Work in groups. Discuss the questions. • Can you remember where you were when you heard
1 When is your birthday? How do you usually celebrate? about the death of someone famous?
2 When is the last day of term / of your English course?
3 When is the next public holiday? Do you have any GRAMMAR
plans for it?
4 Can you think of a date you always remember for
personal reasons? Verb patterns (-ing or infinitive with to)
5 Can you think of a date with national or global When two verbs are used together, the second verb often
significance? takes the -ing form or the infinitive with to. The choice of
form depends on the first verb. There are no rules for this.
You just have to learn the patterns.
LISTENING
2 98Listen and take notes on what day each 5 Work in pairs. Look at these verbs from this
person mentions – and why each day is special. book. Which can be followed by the -ing form?
Which can be followed by the infinitive with to?
3 98 Work in pairs. There are three words
missing in each sentence. Can you remember agree consider finish offer promise
what they are? Listen again and check your ideas. arrange decide hope plan recommend
1 a She fought for women’s rights and . avoid enjoy mind practise refuse
can’t stand fail miss
b T
here’s still some , sure, but it’s
important to remember her life.
2 a My great-grandmother on was Ukrainian.
b I felt with the place. 6 Complete these sentences with the correct form
3 a It’s the day Michael Jackson died. of the verbs from the box. Then look at the
audio script for Track 98 on page 210 to check
b His death in 2009 was . your answers.
4 a I climbed Mount Kinabalu in Malaysia, one of the
highest mountains . be buy change go have travel
b We just as the sun was coming up.
1 She set up the country’s first all-girls school and
5 a It’s the anniversary of the day that my . really helped the country for the better.
b A
mazingly, it worked, and surgeon, I can 2 My mum and I decided on a trip to the
now see my two kids. village that she came from.
4 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. 3 I really wanted there, but I just couldn’t
afford a ticket.
• Which of the five days mentioned do you think is the
most / least special? Why? 4 When I was 23 or 24, I spent six months
round South East Asia.
• Who do you think are the most important women
from your country? Why? 5 I agreed this special new operation.
146
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• something you really enjoy doing
Some verbs can be followed by either the -ing form or • something important that you failed to do
the infinitive (with to) without any real change in meaning. • something you usually avoid doing if you can.
There is also a small number of verbs that can be followed
by both forms, but with these verbs there is a change in For further practice, see Exercise 2 on on page 185.
meaning when the -ing form or the infinitive (with to) is
used after them.
SPEAKING
7 For each pair of sentences, decide if the 9 Think of a special day that you have good
meaning of the words in italics is basically the memories of. Think about these questions.
same or different. If it’s different, say why.
• Where were you?
1 a I love going for long walks in the countryside. I
find it really relaxing. • Who were you with?
b I love to go for long walks in the countryside. It • What happened?
helps me deal with stress. • How did you feel?
2 a I still remember phoning my dad and telling him I • Why was the day so special?
didn’t want to go to university.
10
Work in groups. Tell each other about your
b It’s her birthday today. I must remember to phone
special day. Who do you think had the most
her later.
special experience? Why?
3 a It started raining about halfway through the match.
s we drove south along the motorway, it started
b A
to rain more.
4 a I stopped buying their products when I found out 11
99 Lots of words contain consonant clusters
how they’re made. (two or three consonants with no vowel sound

orry I’m late. I stopped to buy some food on the
b S
between them). Listen and repeat the sounds you
way. hear. Are any of them difficult to hear or say?
5 a I hate exercising, but I really need to lose some 12
weight and get fit again! using the words below. Together, try to write
b I really hate to exercise, but I love how it makes them down. Then listen again and check.
me feel afterwards.
background discrimination friend spicy
8 Choose one of the following to talk about. Spend clear establish impressive traditional
a few minutes preparing what you want to say.
Then share your thoughts and feelings in groups. 13
• something you’ll always remember seeing or doing write collocations / phrases for the words in
• something important you decided to do Exercise 12.
• something you’re hoping to do in the future background music, from a poor background, from a
rich background
Unit 16 Events 147
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video 8
Columbus and
the New World
1 Work in groups. Look at the monuments to 4 Choose the correct options to complete the
Christopher Columbus. Discuss these questions. sentences from the video.
• Which of the monuments do you like best / least? 1 When he was a young man, he decided studying / to
Why? study geography.
• Why do you think there are so many monuments 2 Columbus wanted finding / to find a sea route from
round the world to Columbus? Europe to Asia.
• Do you know any other places that have a Columbus 3 He now knew that the / an earth was round.
monument? Which people are there lots of 4 Columbus persuaded King Ferdinand and Queen
monuments to in your country? Why? Isabella of Spain giving / to give him money.
• How much do you know about the life of Christopher 5 After the / a month at sea, the sailors were very tired.
Columbus?
6 It was the / a small island in the / a Bahamas, probably
• How do you think each of the words below might be an / the island known today as San Salvador.
connected to his life?
7 People believed Columbus was the / a first European
spices a new continent parrots to reach America.
a new route Indians the high point 8 Columbus made 1492 one of the / a most important
three ships Native Americans disappointed years in world history.
a month gold the Vikings
5 Choose one of the following topics to talk about.
2 31Watch the video. Find out how the Spend a few minutes preparing what you want to
words in the box in Exercise 1 are connected to say. Then work in groups and share your ideas.
Columbus. Then work in pairs. Compare what • another famous journey – or famous explorer
you understood. • a historical figure who divides public opinion
3 31Watch the video again. Decide if the • good and bad reasons why 1492 is so important
sentences are true (T) or false (F). • a foreigner who’s had a big impact on your country
1 By the 1400s, everyone had realised the world • the advantages of studying geography or history
wasn’t flat – it was round.
2 Columbus wasn’t able to fund his voyage himself.
UNDERSTANDING FAST SPEECH
3 Columbus and his sailors almost gave up hope of
finding land. 6 32Read and listen to this extract from the
4 Columbus first landed in the country that is now video said at natural pace and then slowed
known as El Salvador. down. To help you, groups of words are marked
with / and pauses are marked //. Stressed
5 Columbus was confused about where exactly he
sounds are in CAPITALS.
was.
6 He never returned to the Americas. HOWever / ONE THING is CERtain // on ocTOber
7 Columbus didn’t feel that his voyage had been a TWELFTH / FOURteen NINEty-TWO / the NEW WORLD /
success. AND the OLD / CHANged for ALL TIME
8 Columbus died less than a decade after he set foot 7 Now you have a go! Practise saying the extract
in the Americas.
at natural pace.
148
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Review 8
4 101 Listen and write the six sentences you
hear.
5 Write a sentence before and after the sentences
from Exercise 4 to create short dialogues.
Grammar
1 Complete the text with one word in each space. Vocabulary
I1 to really enjoy playing computer games 6 Match the verbs (1–8) with the nouns they
2
I was younger. Obviously, games 3 collocate with (a–h).
the past were quite basic compared to what’s available 1 open a the European Union
now. I mean, I remember 4 excited by one
2 occupy b the dance floor
of 5 early online multi-player games. It was
6
war game – you had to kill your enemies – 3 borrow c the minimum wage
but it was really simple! One year, I 7 it 4 join d a leaving party
almost every day – hour after hour! It’s strange to 5 earn e a war
think about, because these days I can’t 8 6 win f an account
playing computer games – probably because I have
7 organise g a country
to use computers so much at work. When I 9
home, I don’t usually want to do much: have a bath, 8 clear h money
maybe; read 10 book – just nothing involving 7 Decide if the language in the box is connected to
technology! banks, historical events or parties.
an amazing venue cold and distant
similar meaning to the first sentence, using the become independent an empire
word given. Do not change the word given. You a buffet establish a city
must use between two and four words including cancel my card a housewarming
the word given. charge interest a mortgage
1 I went swimming every day after school when I was a civil war a republic
a kid.
I every day after school when I was 8 Complete the sentences with the best
a kid. GO prepositions.
2 I don’t want to say anything yet because I want to 1 It used to be a church, but it was converted
discuss things with my partner. flats a few years ago.
I don’t want to say anything things with my 2 He made a lot of money by investing
partner. UNTIL property.
3 Remind me to call my daughter later. 3 It was lovely. They had the wedding reception
a boat.
I my daughter later. REMEMBER
4 I pay all my monthly bills direct debit.
4 The cost of living is lower than it was last year.
5 She’s really pleased because she won 100 euros
The cost of living last year. HAS the lottery.
5 Unemployment is higher than it was a couple of 6 I had a few friends for dinner on Friday,
months ago – and it’s going to get worse. which was nice.
Unemployment is . MOMENT 7 Hi there. I’d like to pay this cheque my
account, please.
8 I need to transfer £500 my current
1 I considered take / to take / taking the job, but in the
account my son in Peru.
end, I decided wait / to wait / waiting.
2 Inflation falls / is falling / has fallen quite a lot over 9 Complete the text with one word in each space.
the last few months. The first letters are given.
3 I go / have been / ’m going to Morocco in two weeks’ Along with two of my friends, I’ve recently 1s
time. up a company and we’re thinking of organising a big
4 My daughter really wants to get / getting / get a pet. party to 2la it. The problem is, though, the
She loves a cat / cats / the cats. 3
ec isn’t doing very well at the moment and
5 I’ll phone / I phone you as soon as I will have / have there’s a lot of 4un , so lots of people can’t
5
more information. a even basic things like food and rent. Even
6 Can you two please just stop talking / talk / to talk if people are working, there’s less job 6se
and pay attention / an attention! than there used to be – and 7av salaries are
7 I used to go there all the time when I was a kid / the lower too. Because of all that, we don’t want to spend
other week / at the moment. too much on a party. It would be wrong! Instead, we’ll
have something small and friendly: nice 8ba
8 I don’t have much money. I’m a student / student. It’s
hard to pay bills / the bills! music, maybe a buffet, you know.
Review 8 149
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1 WRITING Organising ideas
SPEAKING WRITING
1 Think of the two best jobs you could have 4 You are going to read a text by Marta, describing
and the two worst jobs. Then work in groups. how she feels about her job. First, work in pairs.
Compare your choices and explain your ideas. Look at the photo of Marta and discuss how you
Try to agree on the two best and two worst jobs. think she might feel about her job, and why.
5 Check that you understand the five words in bold
VOCABULARY Talking about jobs in Marta’s text below. Then read the whole text
2 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. and answer the questions.
• Did she mention any of the problems you thought of?
brilliant lonely satisfying tiring • What other problems does she mention? What
boring part-time technical well-paid reasons does she give for her feelings?
1 My job’s very . I work very long hours and
I work shifts, too.
2 My job’s very . The money’s good. My job
3 My job’s ! I meet lots of people, the hours
are good and I make very good money too. Most people think my job’s very interesting, but I
don’t really like it very much. Why? 1
4 My job’s a bit . I only make appointments
– and coffee! work on my own most of the time. It’s a lonely job,
because I don’t have much contact with other people.
5 My job’s very . I sort out problems and
help a lot of people.
2
so much pressure in my job that I can
6 My job’s quite . I install computer systems. never relax and 3 , because I often have to
work very long hours to finish an experiment.
7 My job can be quite sometimes. I don’t
mind the travelling, but I don’t see my family very 4
always get impatient if experiments
often. take too long, so it’s very stressful, and 5 ,
8 I’m studying Design at college, so I can only do a I really hate sitting in one place all day long. I’d really
job. like a job where I could move about more and get a
3 Work in pairs and compare your answers. Do bit of exercise and a job that’s a bit easier.
you know anyone with jobs like those described?
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6 Complete the text with these expressions. PRACTICE
Thirdly, my bosses what’s more, it’s tiring 9 You are going to write about your work or
finally, Secondly, there’s studies. You can write about what you actually
do or you can invent details. First, think about
Firstly, I have to
how you feel about what you do. Think of as
many reasons as possible for your feelings.
KEY WORDS FOR WRITING 10
Work with a new partner. Tell each other about
what you do. Your partner should ask you
questions. This will give you more ideas for
Sequencers your text.
To add ideas when you write an essay, use these 11
Write a plan for your text using these notes as
sequencers (adverbs of sequence): firstly (for the first a guide.
idea), secondly (for the second idea), thirdly (for the third
idea), etc., and finally for the last idea.
I’m a / I study .
You can also use what´s more and in addition to add ideas.
I my job / studies. Why?
Sequencers are followed by a comma and then a clause.
Firstly,
Firstly, I have to work on my own most of the time.
Secondly,
7 Look at the photo of Luc. Work in pairs. Discuss
how he feels about his job – and think of four What’s more / In addition,
reasons why he might feel like this.
8 Now complete Luc’s text with your ideas. Finally,
I love my job! Why? Well, firstly, I like

1
. 12
Now write your text. Use about 100–150 words.
Secondly, I enjoy 2 .
Thirdly, I really love 3 .
4
What’s more .
5
And finally, .
Writing 151
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2 WRITING Anecdotes
SPEAKING KEYWORDS FOR WRITING
1 Work in groups. Discuss the following.
• What is your favourite restaurant? Why?
While, during and when
• Describe the best restaurant you’ve ever been to. While, during and when show how two or more actions
• Describe the worst restaurant you’ve ever been to. relate to each other in time.
While and during introduce a continuing action or a period
of time in which another action happens.
WRITING
While we were waiting for a table, we had a great chat.
2 Read this email about a visit to a restaurant and
… during the two-hour wait, he told me ALL about it!
find out:
When introduces a finished action.
• what good things happened.
When we got there, it was very crowded
• what bad things happened.
When they brought the bill, we noticed they’d charged us
for all the dishes.
You can use when instead of while for continuous actions,
but while is more common.
To stevieg@shotmail.com
From kaori22@talk.com
Subject A disastrous dinner! 3 Look at the examples in the box and in the
email and complete the rules with while, during
Hi Stevie! and when.
1 is followed by a noun.
How are you? I hope you’re well and that
everything is OK with you and Dan. 2 is followed by a clause with past
continuous.
Anyway, I just thought I’d write to let you know 3 is followed by a clause with past simple.
how my first few days at university are going.
I haven’t done much work yet, but I have met 4 Choose the correct option.
some very nice people. One guy, Scott, invited 1 I fell in love with Bob during / while our last year at
me out for dinner last night. 1It was so funny! high school.
2
He took me to a very special fish restaurant, 2 While / When I felt too tired to continue, I stopped
but unfortunately, when we got there, 3it was studying and went to bed.
very crowded. I said I didn’t mind waiting, 3 During / When the lunch break, I suddenly
so we sat in the bar. While we were waiting remembered that I hadn’t called my mum.
for a table, we had a great chat. Scott’s from 4 During / While I was waiting to see the doctor, I read
California and he told me a lot about his life a magazine.
there. In fact, during the two-hour wait, he told 5 It started to rain when / during I was cycling to
me ALL about 4it! school.
We finally got a table, and ordered our food. 6 There were no seats left when / while we arrived.
When it came, Scott’s dish was OK, but 5mine
was awful. I complained, and, luckily, they GRAMMAR
changed it really quickly. The new 6one was
really nice. Unfortunately, during the rest of the
meal, the musical ‘entertainment’ was playing Pronouns
right next to us, so we couldn’t really continue Pronouns are words that are used to avoid repeating
our conversation without shouting. We decided nouns or noun phrases. A pronoun can be the subject of
not to have a dessert and left. a sentence (I, she, it, etc.) or the object of a sentence (me,
her, it, us, them, etc.).
When 7they brought the bill, though, we
Possessive pronouns (mine, yours, etc.) can replace my,
noticed they’d charged us for all the dishes your, etc. + noun.
– including the 8one I’d sent back! Obviously,
Scott’s dish was OK, but mine was awful. (mine = my dish)
after that kind of service, we didn’t leave a tip!
To talk about two different things we can use one / ones to
Anyway, I’ll let you know how it goes with avoid repeating a noun. You can also use an adjective with
Scott! one / ones.
This bag was a bit small, but I didn’t have a bigger one.
Take care!
We often use they to refer to groups or organisations
Kaori when we don’t know exactly who the subject is, or if it’s
very obvious.
They arrested a pop star. (they = the police)
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5 Work in pairs. Look at the underlined pronouns 7 Choose the best adverb.
in Kaori’s email and say who or what you think 1 None of the students could answer the last question
they refer to. in the test. It was obviously / luckily too difficult.
6 Now read this description of a climbing trip. 2 I was going to go skiing, but unfortunately /
Replace the underlined nouns with pronouns. amazingly, I broke my leg in a car accident the day
before I was due to leave.
3 I was late for school, but luckily / obviously, the
M y friend Ana had persuaded me to climb the teacher was late too!
mountain near the town, but as we walked 4 I usually get really nervous before an exam, but
towards 1the mountain, I wondered if I could amazingly / unfortunately, this time I was very calm.
really climb 2the mountain. I’m very unfit and this was 5 Sadly / Stupidly, Mike and Cristina have decided to
the first time I’d done anything like this. get divorced. It’s a shame.
We started climbing and I was really sweating and 6 Stupidly / Fortunately, I left the keys in the car, and
finding 3the climbing hard, but Ana kept encouraging someone stole it!
me.
8 Look back at the description of the climb in
At midday, we stopped to have a sandwich, but I Exercise 6, and add at least three adverbs to
discovered that I’d left 4my sandwiches at home. show how the writer feels.
Luckily, Ana was happy to share 5her sandwiches with
me, and I had some sweets, so I shared 6the sweets 9 Work in pairs. Compare your ideas. Did you use
with 7Ana! the same adverbs in the same places?
After lunch, we continued to walk up and we finally
reached the top! I couldn’t believe 8we had finally PRACTICE
reached the top. From there we could see all the way
to the sea! 9Seeing all the way to the sea was beautiful. 10
You are going to write an email to a friend.
There were some other people up there too and they Choose one of the experiences below and think
asked me to take a photo of them, and then they took about the things that happened.
a lovely 10photo of Ana and me. That photo is on my • a particularly good or bad experience at a restaurant
wall now. It’s a day I’ll never forget! • a particularly good or bad experience on a day out
• something you achieved
11
Work in pairs. Tell your partner about what
VOCABULARY happened to you. Ask each other questions
to make sure you both understand the
events properly.
Adverbs of attitude 12
Write an email of about 150 words. Use as much
To show our feelings or opinions about something, we can language from this lesson as you can.
use a range of adverbs, e.g. unfortunately or luckily.
He took me to a very special fish restaurant, but
unfortunately, when we got there, it was very crowded.
I complained and, luckily, they changed it really quickly.
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3 WRITING A personal profile
SPEAKING 2 Read the profiles from two students doing the
same online course. Answer the questions.
1 What course do you think they are doing?
• Have you ever had to write a profile of yourself for
2 Do you think you would get on with each person?
one of the following?
Why / Why not?
- a CV
- an application for a job or a course
- an introduction to a blog or social media site
- to introduce yourself to other people on a course or
online forum
• Are there any other reasons you’ve had to write a
profile of yourself?
• What kind of things might you talk about? Would they
be different in each case?
• How do you feel about writing about yourself?
Hi there. I’m Bronwyn. I’m 23 and I’m from

Wales. I finished University a year ago and
moved here. At the moment I’m working in
a coffee shop in Wood Green near where I
live. I guess I’m doing the course because I’ve
always loved languages and this will give me
an opportunity to travel and live abroad. As
well as speaking Welsh and English, I speak
some Russian. I’m thinking of going to the
Czech Republic next year (if I pass this course
and can find a job)! In my spare time, I go
running a lot and also play some basketball.
As well as sport, I really love watching films
and going to the cinema. One of my favourite
directors is a Czech called Jan Svankmajer,
which is another reason I want to go there.
So, I’m Maureen. I was a journalist until

recently, but I’m retired now. I mainly wrote
articles for lifestyle magazines, but I was
also lucky enough to write about tennis,
because I’m a big fan. I’m married and have
three children and two small grandchildren.
My eldest daughter lives in the South of
France and has a large house there. Now
my husband and I are retired, we’re going to
move there. I’m doing this course because
I might do some teaching out there to earn
some extra money and meet some local
people. I’m a bit nervous about teaching,
but hopefully, this course will give me more
confidence. I’m also having classes to
improve my French. As well as playing and
watching tennis, I like gardening and growing
vegetables. I also still do some writing, but
for my own pleasure, not work.
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KEY WORDS FOR WRITING 6 Look at these sentences from different profiles.
Change them so that they are true for you.
1 Hi. I’m Kate and I’m 24.
as well as and also 2 I’ve always wanted to go travelling in India.
We often use as well as and also to add ideas: 3 When I’m not working or looking after my baby, I like
As well as speaking Welsh and English, I speak some to go cycling.
Russian. 4 In my spare time I watch TV a lot, but I also like
Hopefully this course will give me more confidence. I’m gardening.
also having classes to improve my French. 5 I mainly listen to pop music, but I sometimes also
listen to elecronic music.
3 Work in pairs. Look at the sentences in the box 6 To be honest, the main reason I’m doing this class is
and in the profiles and discuss what you notice because my work is paying for it.
about: 7 I hope the course will give me the opportunity to
1 the position of as well as and also in the sentence. develop my skills.
2 the kind of words that go before and after as well as 7 Work in groups and compare your sentences.
and also.
3 the punctuation in the sentences with as well as and
also. GRAMMAR
4 Now complete sentences 1–6 using as well as
or also. Verb agreement
1 I am a friendly, open person and I am very Look at these examples from the text. You can join two
responsible. verb phrases with and without repeating the subject.
2 playing video games, I like writing I finished University a year ago and moved here.
computer programmes.
My eldest daughter lives in the South of France and has a
3 I started writing this because I have always loved large house there.
films and have seen thousands of them. I have I really love watching films and going to the cinema.
made a few.
Notice how both verbs agree with the subject or follow the
4 I want to learn to play the drums better and pattern after a shared verb (love + -ing form of the verb).
meet some new people.
5 our two children, my husband and I share
8 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
our apartment with our lovely dog, Shep.
the verb.
6 jazz, I love a lot of electronic music.
1 I really love golf and round my local
5 What kind of profile in Exercise 1 do you think course most weeks. (go)
each sentence in Exercise 4 comes from? 2 I spend most of my Saturdays cleaning the house
and the gardening. (do)
VOCABULARY 3 I left school when I was eighteen and then
to work in a paper factory. (go)
4 My wife is from a very big family in Tunisia and
Sentence frames six sisters. (have)
It is often helpful to notice and learn whole sentences that 5 I have always loved travelling and over 60
you can adapt with your own ideas. For example, in the countries! (visit)
text Bronwyn said:
I guess I’m doing the course because I’ve always loved PRACTICE
languages.
Look how you could adapt this when writing your own
9 Write a profile to introduce yourself to people in
profile. one of these situations.
I guess I’m doing the course because I’ve always loved • in your current class
films. • a pen pal website to look for friends to write to
I’m doing the course because I’ve always been interested • a course connected to a hobby
in history.
I’m doing the course because I’ve always wanted to 10
Work in groups. Share your profiles and discuss
become a nurse. these questions.
I’m doing the course because it’s useful for my job. • Is there anything new you learned about each other?
• Is there anything more you’d like to know about your
partners?
• Do you think they are good profiles? How could they
be better?
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4 WRITING Describing places
SPEAKING
1 Work in pairs. Put the places in order from the
best place to live to the worst, and explain why.
a big city a farm a seaside town

the capital city a regional town a village
VOCABULARY Describing places

2 Match sentences 1–6 with sentences a–f.
1 It’s really green.
2 The climate’s very hot and humid.
3 You find lots of modern buildings too, now.
4 It can be a bit noisy.
5 It’s a very lively place.
6 The lake is a bit polluted.
a It’s usually well over 25 degrees and you get a lot of

storms.
b There are lots of parks and public gardens.
c Nobody swims there.
d There’s a lot of traffic.
e The city is changing fast.
f There are lots of cafés and restaurants.
3 Complete the sentences with words from
Exercise 2.
1 I love visiting cities with lots of
architecture. I find it fascinating.
2 The climate’s so hot and in Jakarta that
I usually have three or four showers a day.
3 It’s a really city. There’s always something SEARCH www.myhometown.blogspot.co.vn
happening!
4 The air is sometimes so here that the
TV stations tell us not to go outside.
5 Just close the window if it gets too .
THE CITY OF LAKES
6 I live in a city, but I love nature. That’s why I like living
somewhere with lots of areas. Hanoi is a big city in the north of the country. I’ve lived
there all my life, so I know it very well.
WRITING It’s a beautiful city. It’s really green. There are lots of parks,
4 A student of English wrote a short description and you find trees and flowers everywhere. The climate is
of her home town for her blog. Match the topics very hot and humid, so everything grows really fast.
(a–d) to the paragraphs (1–4).
The centre is very old and it has lots of historic buildings,
a Things to see but now you find lots of modern buildings, too, because
b What people like to do the centre is changing fast. The city’s very famous for the
c Nature lake in the centre, called Hoan Kiem. It’s a bit polluted, so
d Where I’m from nobody swims there, but it’s nice to look at!
5 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions. It always feels very lively. People spend a lot of time
• Does the description make you want to visit Hanoi? outside, talking to neighbours, eating, studying or
Why? / Why not? just going around town. However, it can be a bit noisy
at times, because so many people ride around on
• In what ways is your home town / city similar to
Hanoi? motorcycles.
• In what ways is it different?
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4 The room can be noisy at times. It’s not
too bad, but sometimes I have to close the window
because of the traffic.
5 The country has a amazing education
system. Every child can read and write by the age
of six.
6 The sea there is always cold. People
never swim there.
7 Add very, really or a bit to these sentences so
they describe places you know. Then tell your
partner about each place.
1 It’s a fantastic place.
2 It’s dirty.
3 The buildings are old.
4 The beaches are polluted.
5 It’s noisy at night.
KEY WORDS FOR WRITING
because and so
We use because and so to join two parts of a sentence.
Use because to talk about why something happens.
It can be a bit noisy at times, because so many people
ride around on motorcycles.
Use so to talk about the result of something.
The lake is polluted, so nobody swims there.
8 Complete the sentences with because or so.

1 That part of the city is new, you don’t see
any old buildings there.
2 People don’t go out between 12 and 3 it’s
really hot.
GRAMMAR 3 The city was very polluted, I moved to the
country.
4 Lots of tourists visit the museum it’s home
Modifiers to a lot of wonderful art.
We use modifiers before adjectives to make them stronger
or weaker. To make an adjective stronger, use really or
5 I moved to the coast I love walking on the
very. To make it weaker, use a bit. beach and looking at the sea.
New York is a really / very busy city so it’s a bit difficult to 6 I love my home town there are lots of
find a taxi at times. parks, trees and lakes.
Shanghai can be a bit noisy, but it’s really / very lively. 9 Change the second part of the sentences in
When an adjective is already ‘extreme’, you can add really, Exercise 8 to describe places you know.
but not very. That part of the city is new because the city has grown
The weather is really (NOT very) excellent / fantastic / a lot / a lot of new companies have moved here.
incredible / wonderful / freezing.
PRACTICE
6 Complete the first sentence in each pair with
a modifier. Use the information in the second 10
Choose your favourite town or city to write
sentence to help you. about. Spend five minutes thinking about what
the place is like. Write a list of the adjectives
1 The river’s polluted. It will take years to that you’d like to use.
clean.
2 The service at this restaurant is wonderful. 11
Work in pairs and discuss your ideas. Tell your
The people who work here are so helpful. partner why you chose each adjective.
3 The roads can be dangerous. You 12
Plan an article to describe your town / city.
sometimes have to drive quite carefully, especially Use the topics from Exercise 4, or choose other
after it rains.
topics. Then write your article. Try to use some
modifiers.
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5 WRITING Postcards
WRITING VOCABULARY
1 Work in pairs. Check you understand the words in
the box. What kind of holiday are all these words
connected to? Do you think this is a good kind of Postcard expressions
holiday for a honeymoon? Why? / Why not? We use lots of fixed phrases when writing postcards.
There’s often no subject for the verb – and sometimes no
captain movies port seasick sights verb at all.
galleries parties ruins ship tour Greetings from paradise.
Weather’s great.
2 Read the postcards from a couple on their Writing this from a ship somewhere near Italy.
honeymoon. Answer the questions.
1 How do Sara and Bruce feel about their holiday? Why?
4 Put the words in order to make postcard
2 What do they have the same opinion about? expressions.
1 here / were / you / wish
SPEAKING 2 all / you’re / hope / well
3 Work in groups. Discuss these questions. 3 to / wait / you / tell / can’t / about / it
• What kind of holiday do you think Bruce prefers? Why? 4 are / here / we / in / Panama
• Does everyone in your family like doing the same 5 forward / soon / looking / to / you / seeing
things on holiday? What usually happens when you
6 from / greetings / Greece
go on holiday together?
7 in / this / writing / café / a
• Is it good for couples to have different tastes and
interests? 8 in / a / having / London / time / great / here
• Do you know any couples who are quite different to
each other? In what ways?
Hi Mum,
Well, here we are on our cruise. We get to a new port every two
days and go on guided tours and see all the sights – cathedrals,
ancient ruins, galleries, museums. It’s a very full schedule!
Life on the ship is great – discos, parties, dinner with the
captain (the food’s great), even movies and concerts!
Charlotte Jenkins,
Weather’s great, although the evenings are quite cool. Wish you
The Manor House,
were here.
Briardene,
Looking forward to telling you all about everything. (Have about
300 photos to show you!). Oxfordshire,
Lots of love, England OX6 4PC
Sara xxx
Hi Mike,
Greetings from paradise! Writing this from a ship somewhere
near Italy, although it might be Greece – everywhere looks the
same to me! Ruins, cathedrals, and crowded art galleries and
museums – non-stop sightseeing tours!
Despite trying hard to enjoy myself, I can’t say I’m having a good
time. What’s more, although it’s our honeymoon, we’re never alone
– there’s always a crowd of ‘friends’ with us. The best thing is the Mike Beardsley,
food – amazing! Unfortunately, I sometimes get seasick, despite 9 Shearer Way,
the good weather!
Toonton,
Can’t wait to get back!
County Durham,
Hope you’re well.
England
All the best,
Bruce
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KEY WORDS FOR WRITING 3 Despite being really tired, we stayed up all
night and studied.
, we stayed up all night
and studied. WERE
although and despite
Although and despite both introduce contrasts – often 4 Although it was really sunny, it was still quite cold.
something that shows the main statement is surprising or It was quite cold, . BEING
unlikely. Notice the different grammar after each word.
5 Although I had a headache, I still went skiing.
Although it’s our honeymoon, we’re never alone.
I went skiing, . HAVING
Weather’s great, although the evenings are quite cool.
Despite trying hard to enjoy myself, I can’t say I’m having 7 Complete each sentence in three different ways.
a good time. Then compare your ideas in groups. Decide who
I sometimes get seasick, despite the good weather!
has the funniest / saddest sentence.
• The holiday was great, although … .
5 Complete the sentences with although or despite. • We managed to catch our flight, despite … .
1 the horrible weather, we had a great trip.
2 The beaches are fantastic, you have to PRACTICE
watch out for sharks. 8 You are going to write a postcard to a friend
3 I enjoyed the cruise, I got seasick. or relative. Before you write, think about these
4 getting very sunburnt, I enjoyed the questions.
holiday. • Where are you on holiday?
6 Complete the second sentence so that it has a • What type of holiday is it?
similar meaning to the first sentence, using the • What things have you done?
word given. Do not change the word given. You • What are you doing at the moment?
must use between two and five words, including
the word given. • Are you enjoying yourself?
1 We had a great time, although it rained a lot. 9 Write your postcard. Use 100–120 words. Use as
We had a great time, . RAIN much language from this lesson as you can.
2 Despite the crowds, we enjoyed the concert.
, we enjoyed the concert. CROWDED
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6 WRITING Plans and schedules
SPEAKING WRITING
1 All the pictures below are from the same 2 Complete the email about a meeting with the
meeting. Work in pairs. Discuss these questions. words in the box.
• What do you think is happening in each picture?
begin break continue is feed back
• What do you think the people are talking about? gives meet move present starts
• What is their relationship with the others at
the meeting?
a
To: olga.williams@futuresforward.org
From: tom.petersen@futuresforward.org
Subject: Sales meeting in Oslo
Dear Olga,
I’m looking forward to seeing you at the Sales
Managers’ meeting in Oslo on Friday 13th July.
The meeting 1 at the Clarion Royal
Hotel.
Please find below the schedule for the day.
09.30–10.00
b All managers 2 in the hotel
lobby.
The meeting 3 with coffee and
a short welcome from Liv Applund,
International Sales Director.
10.00–12.30
We 4 to the conference room
on the first floor.
Each national manager then 5
a presentation on this year’s main
challenges and results.
Presentations 6 until
lunchtime.
c 12.30–13.30
Lunch in the hotel restaurant
13.30–15.00
We divide into small groups and
7
our brainstorming session.
Topic: sales strategy for the
coming year.
15.00–16.30
Groups 8 their ideas.
We then 9 on the presentations
until 16.30, when we 10
for coffee.
17.00–17.30
d The final session begins at 17.00,
when Liv Applund answers any questions
and concludes the meeting.
Hope this is all clear.

Let me know if you have any questions.
All the best,
Tom
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GRAMMAR KEY WORDS FOR WRITING
The present simple for timetables
3 Read the sentence from the email. Choose the Time expressions
best option (a, b or c) to complete the sentence We use then / after that to show that one action follows
below. another. They mean the same thing. However, after that
usually begins a sentence or a clause.
The final session begins at 17.00, when Liv Applund
answers any questions and concludes the meeting. At 10.00, we move to the conference room on the first floor.
The present simple is used in the email Each national manager then gives a presentation.
a to describe possible future events. After that, each national manager gives a presentation.
To show the point in time when something will finish, we
b to describe events that happen all the time or
use until.
regularly.
Presentations continue until lunchtime.
c to describe definite future events.
She’s in Britain until December.
4 Work in pairs. Compare your ideas. Then check
by reading the Grammar box.
6 Complete the sentences with then, after that
or until.
We can use the present simple to talk about things in the 1 The hotel restaurant doesn’t open six.
future that are timetabled or scheduled. 2 The presentations finish at one. , there’s
We break for coffee at 16.30. an hour break for lunch.
The train leaves at 4.45. 3 We start at ten with a brainstorming session, which
continues twelve.
What time does the meeting finish?
4 I have a meeting 12.45 but I’ll
call you back.
5 Complete the sentences with the present simple
form of the verbs. 5 I’m afraid you have to wait here the room
is ready.
1 When the next regional sales meeting?
(be) 6 The president gives her welcome speech at nine and
we divide into groups.
2 My flight at 13.30. (leave)
7 We don’t break for coffee 4.30, I’m afraid.
3 I in Oslo until two o’clock in the morning.
(not / land) 8 The restaurant is booked for one. We’ll probably
finish around 2.30 and maybe we can find
4 What time your train in Paris? a quiet place to discuss Asia.
(arrive)
5 We for lunch at one. (break)
PRACTICE
6 The lunch break from 1.30 to 2.45. (last)
7 You are going to write an email about a meeting
7 Remember – we until eleven tomorrow.
at work, school or college. Work in pairs. Write
(not / start)
a schedule for the meeting.
8 When the meeting ? (end)
8 Now work on your own. Write an email to the
people who are coming to the meeting. Use
the present simple to talk about timetabled /
scheduled events.
9 When you finish, check your work carefully and
give it to your partner. Check each other’s emails
and make any changes or corrections you think
are necessary.
Writing 161
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7 WRITING Complaints
SPEAKING 4 Work in pairs. Discuss whether each problem in
Exercise 3 is very serious, quite serious or not
1 Work in groups. Discuss these questions. very serious. Give reasons.
• Have you ever bought anything that didn’t work?
• If yes, what did you do? Did you return it to where WRITING
you bought it from? What was the result?
5 Read the letter of complaint. Choose the options
• If you have a problem with something you’ve bought,
that are best for formal writing.
which of the things below do you usually do? Why?
- go back to the shop
- email
- phone
- search the internet
B Tarlon
VOCABULARY Problems The Manager 45 Doone Street
Electronics Biz Adderbury
2 Label the photo below with the words in the box. Banbury OX17 3AZ
OX15 1LN
button headphones screen volume control
4th August 2016
Dear Sir / Madam,

1
Further to / After my email of 26th July, I am writing
to 2ask / enquire where my replacement MP4 player is,
1
and to make a formal complaint about the quality of
service that your company provides.
On 15th June this year, I 3purchased / bought an MP4
player from your store in Banbury. However, I soon
realised it was faulty and returned it on 19th June.
2 At this time, I 4asked for / requested a replacement
and a member of staff there promised to send one the
3 4 following day, but it never arrived.
After 5numerous / loads of phone calls to your call
centre, I then sent an email last week, describing the
problems I was having. In the reply I 6received / got,
I was told that a brand new player had already been
sent. However, I still have not received it. I am 7really
unhappy about / not at all satisfied with the quality of
the after-sales service you provide.
If I do not receive the MP4 player by next Monday, I
3 Complete the sentences below with the words in shall take this matter to Consumer Affairs.
the box. 8
All the best / Yours faithfully,
battery damaged properly recharge
crack faulty received slow Brad Tarlon
1 The screen has a in it so you can’t see the Brad Tarlon
menu or video clearly.
2 The delivery service was very . It took a
long time to arrive.
3 The box that it was in was . 6 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.
4 The main button does not work . It gets • Where do the two addresses and the date go in
stuck and you cannot access the main menu. formal letters?
5 I paid for it four weeks ago, but I still have not • Is this the same when you write formal letters in your
it. language?
6 There is something wrong with the . The • Why do you think the letter starts with Dear Sir /
player stops working an hour after you it. Madam?
7 The headphones are , so the sound is • What kind of information does each of the four
quite bad. paragraphs contain?
• Why does the letter end with Yours faithfully?
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7 Cover the letter of complaint in Exercise 5. Try 10
Complete the sentences with your own ideas.
to complete these sentences with three words Then compare your sentences with a partner.
in each space. Then look at the letter again and 1 I called your company to complain, but .
check your answers.
2 I bought the book from your online store over three
1 I am writing to … make a the quality of weeks ago, but .
service that your company provides.
3 I received the camera yesterday, as promised.
2 On 15th June this year, I purchased an MP4 player However, .
in Banbury.
4 You stated the total cost would be £15. However,
3 A member of staff there promised to send one .
, but it never arrived.
4 I then sent an email last week, describing the
problems . PRACTICE
5 In the reply I received, I was told that a 11
Work in pairs. Think of a situation that requires
had already been sent. you to write to complain about something. Your
6 I am not at all satisfied with the quality of the complaint could be about something you bought
you provide. or something you are trying to organise. Discuss:
• the situation and why you are writing.
• the problem and what has caused it.
• What would you do if you were in Mr Tarlon’s
situation? • what action you now want from the person /
company.
• Which of these adjectives do you think describe Mr
Tarlon? Why? • what you will do next if you don’t receive a response
that you’re happy with.
reasonable impatient stupid 12
Write an email or letter of complaint. Write
100–150 words. Use as much language from this
• In your country, do you have a government office
like Consumer Affairs that protects the rights of lesson as you can.
shoppers? What do you know about it? Is it effective?
KEY WORDS FOR WRITING
but and however

But and however both connect two opposing ideas, or
introduce surprising information.
But connects two clauses in one sentence and starts the
second clause.
A member of staff there promised to send one the
following day, but it never arrived.
However connects two sentences and usually comes at
the beginning of the second sentence, or sometimes after
the subject.
I was told that a brand new player had already been sent.
However, I still have not received it.
We phoned to complain. The woman at the call centre,
however, said we had to send our complaint in writing.
9 Complete the sentences with but or however.

1 The camera was damaged when I bought it,
the company won’t give me a new one.
2 I have asked for my money back. , the
company say that I caused the damage to the
camera.
3 I have tried to speak to your sales manager three
‘If she doesn’t get well, do I get a refund?’
times. The line, , is always busy.
4 The shop says I dropped the box, I didn’t.
163
Writing
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8 WRITING Invitations
SPEAKING 4 One email is more formal and the other is more
informal. Decide if the following show formality
1 Make a list of events, receptions or parties in the or informality:
last year that:
1 contractions (I’m, he’s, etc.)
• you have been invited to.
2 longer, more complex sentences
• you have invited other people to.
3 dashes (–) and exclamation marks (!)
2 Work in groups. Compare your lists. Explain: 4 direct questions
• what the events were. 5 more passives
• who held each event and why.
• why you were invited – or who you invited.
• How do you show different levels of formality in your
• if the events were successful or not. language?
• Do you think it’s OK:
WRITING - to ask guests to bring food to a party?
- to ask people to give to charity instead of giving a
3 Read the two emails. Decide if you would present?
accept each invitation or not. Then explain your
decisions to a partner.
To: Marketing@BLTLtd.com
To: Salma.Abad@ozmail.com From: BMarchant@ BLTLtd.com
From: Carlos66@ozmail.com Subject: Reception for Simone Lacroix
Subject: Housewarming!
Dear colleagues,
Hi Salma! You are invited to a reception to mark the
retirement of our business manager, Simone
How’re you? It’s been so long since we last talked! Lacroix.
What’s new with you? I’ve just moved into a new
flat in Bondi. It’s really great to live so near the The reception will take place in the main
beach. boardroom on the first floor at four o’clock on
Friday afternoon. Drinks and snacks will be
I’m having a housewarming party next Saturday. served.
I hope you can come. Bring your brother if you
like – he’s really funny! Unless it rains, we’ll have Simone has been with us for the last fifteen years
a barbecue in the garden! I’m going to make and has helped us through some difficult times.
some salads, and there’ll be drinks, but I’m I am sure you would like to join us in giving her
asking people to bring something to cook on the a proper goodbye as she returns to her native
barbecue, if that’s OK. France.
Send me an email and let me know if you can If you are able to attend, I would be grateful if
come. It’d be great to see you. you would respond to this email so that we can
confirm numbers.
Love,
Simone has asked if people could make a
Carlos donation to the charity Southern Cat Rescue
rather than give her a leaving present. If you wish
to donate, please contact Ken in Sales.
Yours,
Ben Marchant
Communications Director
164
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VOCABULARY KEY WORDS FOR WRITING
Formal and informal language if, when and unless

Some vocabulary such as attend or Yours (to end an email) We can talk about the future using if, when and unless +
sounds quite formal. A less formal way to say these things the present simple.
is come and All the best. Recognising and learning more If shows something will possibly or probably happen.
and less formal ways of expressing ideas will improve your
writing. When shows we expect something to happen.
Unless means if … not.
6 Mark each of the following MF (more formal) or Bring your brother if you like.
LF (less formal). Give me a call when you have time.
1 if you are able to Unless it rains, we’ll have a barbecue in the garden!
2 Dear Mr Parker
3 Hiya 8 Match the two parts of the sentences.
4 if you can 1 If the train is late,
5 if you like 2 Unless there’s a problem,
6 Dear Pete 3 I’ll give you a call
7 Love 4 You can bring the kids
5 John says he’ll come to the party,
8 Give me a call
6 Give me a call
9 Respond by email
10 We look forward to seeing you a unless he has to work late.
11
Cheers b when you’ve got a minute.
c when I get to my hotel.
12 If you wish
d we’ll give you a call and let you know.
13
Kind regards
e there’s no need to reply to this invitation.
14 We’re having some friends round f if you think they might enjoy it.
15
Yours sincerely
9 Complete the sentences with if, when or unless.
16 It’d be great to see you
1 Give me a call you arrive and I’ll open the
17 Let us know gate for you.
18 Please contact us on 020-7034-5019 2 you would like us to arrange collection
19 We are delighted to announce from the station, please send us details of your train
and arrival time.
20 I would be most grateful if …
3 You may bring a guest you wish.
7 Work in pairs. Compare your ideas. Which five 4 I am afraid I will be unable to attend, I can
phrases might come very near the beginning change the date of my flight.
of an invitation? Which phrases can you use
already? 5 We’re going to have a party we finish our
exams.
6 We’ll go swimming in the river in afternoon,
it’s too cold.
PRACTICE
10
You are going to write two email invitations to
a reception or party. The first is an informal
invitation to something you are organising.
The second is an invitation to a formal event in
a school or company. Work in pairs. For each
invitation, think of:
• the reason for the reception / party.
• where it will be and when.
• if guests should bring anything.
• anything else special about it.
11
Student A: write the informal invitation.
Student B: write the formal invitation.
12
Check each other’s invitations. Discuss anything
you think should be written differently in each
invitation.
165
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Grammar reference
3 A: What time do you start / are you starting work?
1 JOBS B: Eight – and my office is on the other side of town, so
I usually leave / I’m usually leaving the house around
present simple and present seven and am getting / get up around six.
4 The business does / is doing well at the moment.
continuous
5 I’m unemployed at the moment. I’m looking / I look for a job,
Present simple but it’s difficult.
We use the present simple to talk about something that is 6 I usually work in Padstow, but I do / I’m doing a training
generally true, a habit or a permanent state. course in Hendon this week.
The present simple is the infinitive form of the verb (without to).
The third person form ends in -s. DID YOU KNOW?
We live above the shop. These verbs are not generally used in a continuous form. They
She runs her own company. are used in the present simple, even to describe unfinished or
We form negatives with don’t / doesn’t + the infinitive temporary states.
(without to). agree depend like own suppose
I don’t really mind the travelling. believe hate need seem taste
He doesn’t really get on with his boss. belong know owe sound want
We form questions with do / does + the subject + the infinitive
Exercise 2
(without to).
Decide which four sentences are incorrect then correct
Where do they work?
them.
What does she do?
1 Is your friends staying in a hotel or with you?
The present simple is often used with adverbs such as usually,
generally, normally, often, sometimes, never, etc. 2 I’m sometimes cycling to work.
I usually come down to London every two weeks. 3 I hate my job at the moment.
I often do a sixty-hour week. 4 Karen knows the guy who is owning that restaurant.
5 We don’t get much work at the moment, unfortunately.
Present continuous 6 They’re building a new shopping centre near here.
We use the present continuous to talk about actions we see as
temporary and unfinished. present simple and present
The present continuous is a form of the auxiliary verb be + the continuous for the future
-ing form of the verb.
She’s working in Canada this month. Present continuous for talking about the future
They’re building a new sports stadium. We sometimes use the present continuous to refer to
arrangements with other people in the future. We usually add a
He’s chatting to his mum. (for most verbs ending in a vowel +
time phrase.
consonant, double the last letter)
I’m meeting a customer at twelve.
He’s using my car while I’m away. (remove the final e before
adding -ing) I’m giving that presentation next week.
Are you going to that training session on Friday?
We form negatives with am / is / are + not + -ing.
What time are we having dinner?
I’m not working at the moment.
We’re going to Spain in the summer for our holiday.
He’s unemployed, but he isn’t / he’s not looking for a job.
My friend Petra is having a party on Saturday night. Do you
We form questions with am / is / are + subject + -ing. want to come?
What are you studying?
Where’s she going? Present simple for talking about the future
We often use the present continuous with at the moment, this Some verbs and phrases like have got (have), have to, need,
month, this week, etc. there’s, etc. are not used in the present continuous when
talking about the future.
I’m working in Scotland at the moment.
I’ve got an appointment with the dentist at one (or I have an
She’s doing nights this week.
appointment at one).
Exercise 1 I’ve got a test tomorrow (or I have a test tomorrow).
Choose the correct form. I need to leave at eight.
I have to go to a meeting later.
1 A: So what do you do? / what are you doing?
There’s a training session on time management on Friday.
B: I work for a bank.
2 A: How does your job go? / How’s your job going at the We also use the present simple to talk about future events
moment? OK? connected to a fixed timetable, but you can use the present
continuous for this too.
B: Yeah, fine, but we’re very busy. We work / We’re working
on a new project this month. What time does your train leave tonight?
What time is your train leaving tonight?
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Exercise 1
Make dialogues using the ideas in 1–5 and the present 2 SHOPS
simple or continuous. The first one is done for you.
1 A: What / you / do / Saturday? Past Simple
What are you doing on Saturday night? Regular verbs
B: meet / a friend for dinner. Why? To make the past simple add -ed to the infinitive (without to).
2 A: your boyfriend / come / the party tomorrow? Note the spelling with some verbs.
B: No, he can’t. have to / work late. delay – delayed last – lasted work – worked
3 A: be / you / busy / afternoon? advise – advised organise – organised use – used
B: Yes. have got / several appointments / clients apply – applied cry – cried try – tried
4 A: We / go / Italy / the summer fit – fitted stop – stopped travel – travelled
B: That’s nice. How long / stay there?
Irregular verbs
5 A: be / a meeting / later about the new computer system.
Many of the most common verbs in English are irregular.
you / go?
be – was / were get – got say – said
B: No. I / not need / go. I know about it already.
break – broke give – gave see – saw
Present tense after depend and hope bring – brought go – went sell – sold
We also use the present tense to refer to the future after buy – bought have – had spend – spent
depend and hope. catch – caught keep – kept take – took
A: Are you going out tonight? choose – chose know – knew tell – told
B: It depends what time I finish work. come – came leave – left teach – taught
B: It depends how I’m feeling. cost – cost lose – lost think – thought
B: It depends if my girlfriend wants to. cut – cut make – made wake – woke
I hope I pass my exam. do – did meet – met wear – wore
I hope I get paid tomorrow. drive – drove pay – paid win – won
I hope he likes his birthday present. eat – ate put – put write – wrote
fall – fell read – read
Exercise 2
find – found run – ran
Use your own ideas to complete each comment with three
different endings. Questions and negatives
1 A: Are you going away during the next holiday? What you do?
B: Maybe. It depends … . Where he buy it?
2 I’m starting a new job next week. I hope … . Who did she go with?
3 What time are you coming home tonight? When they arrive?
It depends … . How long it take?
4 I’m working at a music festival this weekend, so I hope … .
you enjoy it?
You will learn more about present tenses and the future in
Did he / she / they go?
Unit 5, Plans and arrangements; Unit 7, will / won’t; Unit 15,
Time clauses. it take long?
I hear you.
You say anything.
He / she come.
didn’t
It cost much.
We do anything.
They win.
was he / she / it?

Where
were you / they?
Was it / she / he
OK?
Were you / they
I happy.
He / she wasn’t interested.
It very good.
We sure.
You weren’t here.
They very helpful.
Grammar reference 167
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Exercise 1 With one- or two-syllable words ending in -y, we change the -y
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the to -ier.
verbs. pretty – prettier easy – easier dry – drier
1 A: What 1 yesterday? (you / do) We use more before two- or three-syllable adjectives / adverbs.
B: Nothing much. I just 2 at home. What about expensive – more expensive complicated – more complicated
you? (stay)
much and a bit
A: I 3 the day tidying the house. Some friends are
To say there’s a big difference, use much or a lot. To say there’s
visiting. (spend)
a small difference, use a bit.
2 A: 1 anything nice? (you / get)
It’s a lot more expensive here than in Brazil.
B: Yeah, I 2 this top. (buy)
I’m a bit taller than my brother – maybe two centimetres.
A: That’s really cool. I love the design. 3 any
others like that? (they / have) Negative comparisons
B: Not exactly the same, but there 4 lots of nice Make negative comparisons using not as + adjective / adverb.
things. (be) I never go to Bonds. I shop at Costsave. The quality isn’t as
3 A: 1 a nice weekend? (have) good but it’s not as expensive.
B: Yeah. It 2 my birthday so we 3 out for With adjectives of two syllables or more you can also use less.
dinner. (be, go) It’s less expensive.
A: Where 4 ? (you / go)
B: Gambino’s. That Italian place on the High Street. Better and worse
A: Really? 5 expensive? A friend 6 me it Remember the comparative for good / well is better and the
is. (it / be, tell) comparative for bad / badly is worse.
B: I don’t know. My girlfriend 7 for everything and Exercise 1
she 8 . The food 9 great though.
(pay, not say, be)
1 A: I like this top. Have they got it in a more large / larger
Did you know? size?
Instead of repeating a past verb phrase we often replace the B: I don’t think so. I can ask, though.
verb with only did or didn’t. 2 A: What do you think of this coat? It’s a bit more thick /
A: Did you speak to him about changing class? thicker than the other one.
B: Yes, I did and he said it was fine. (did = spoke to him) B: Hmm – it’s nice – it fits more well / better too.
A: I went shopping yesterday. 3 A: Do you want to sit inside? it’ll be more comfortable /
comfortabler. There’s a sofa which is free.
B: So did I. (= I went shopping too.)
B: It’s nicer / more nicer out here, isn’t it?
They thought the film was really good, but I didn’t. (didn’t =
4 A: I prefer shopping online – it’s more convenient / more
didn’t think it was really good)
easy.
Exercise 2 B: Absolutely, and it’s often not as expensive / cheap.
Decide which nine sentences are incorrect then 5 A: What time shall we leave? Eight? Eight thirty?
correct them. B: I think it’s better / more good to leave a bit more early /
earlier. Say seven thirty. The traffic isn’t as heavy / as light.
1 I didn’t saw anything I liked.
2 I love your earrings. Where you got them? Did you know?
3 What he say? I didn’t hear. Both quieter and more quiet are commonly used. People also
4 She told me not to say anything, so I didn’t. say more friendly or friendlier. You may see other two-syllable
5 He complained and I do too, but it didn’t make any words in either form.
difference.
Comparing two things in a sentence
6 I breaked a glass and cut my finger.
To compare things in the same sentence, use comparative +
7 It started to rain five minutes after we leaved the house.
than ... and not as + adjective / adverb + as.
8 Why wasn’t you in class yesterday?
Costsave is much cheaper than the other supermarkets.
9 A: I didn’t buy anything in the end.
Their selection of clothes is less varied than at Harrods.
B: No, neither do I.
I don’t usually finish as late as this. I normally finish at six.
10 It was broken when I taked it out of the box.
You will learn more about verb forms to talk about the past in Exercise 2
Unit 3, Past simple and past continuous; Unit 4, Present perfect Write sentences comparing the two things. Use the ideas
simple; Unit 11, Past perfect simple; Unit 15, Time phrases and in brackets.
tense.
1 The market / the supermarket (much / cheap)
2 My new job / my old one (well paid)
Comparatives
3 This school / my local one (much / good)
-er, -ier or more 4 People here / people in my country (not / friendly)
We add -er to the end of adjectives / adverbs of one syllable.
5 The shop / last year. (do badly)
Notice the spelling changes are similar to past simple forms.
6 The design of your phone / mine (not / nice)
smart – smarter warm – warmer
nice – nicer large – larger
big – bigger hot – hotter
168
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Did you know?
We sometimes use a phrase starting with a preposition (on, in,
3 GETTING THERE etc.) instead of the past continuous.
I was going to work. I was on my way to work.
past simple and past continuous She was coming home. She was on her way home.
Past simple They were having a meeting. They were in a meeting.
We use two or more verbs in the past simple in a sentence to He was sitting next to us. He was at the table next to us.
show that the actions were completed one after another. We
often link these actions with and (then), before, after or when. Exercise 2
I checked in online and printed my boarding pass. Complete the stories with the past continuous or past
We got to the airport and checked the departures board. simple form of the verbs.
When the plane landed, everyone stood up. 1 A few years ago, I 1 (go) to Singapore to visit
some friends. They 2 (offer) to let me stay in their
Past continuous flat, but I 3 (decide) to stay in a hotel instead. One
We form the past continuous with was / were + the -ing form of day, I 4 (have) breakfast in the hotel restaurant
the verb. when suddenly Jackie Chan 5 (walk) in and
6
(sit) down next to me. I couldn’t believe it!
I / He / She was going home. 2 I 1 (do) something really stupid last month. I
It was snowing. 2
(write) an essay for college and I 3
We / You / They were leaving. (start) to feel tired, so I 4 (go) to the kitchen and
5
It wasn’t raining very hard. (make) a cup of coffee. I 6 (put) the
coffee next to my computer and 7 (start) working
They weren’t listening.
again. Then the phone 8 (ring) and I 9
What were you doing? ( jump) up to answer it – and 10 (spill) coffee all
Where was he going? over my computer! It’s going to cost a fortune to repair it.
You will learn more about the past simple and past continuous
The past continuous shows an action started, but was in Unit 15, Time phrases and tense.
incomplete when another action (or other actions) happened.
We often link sentences with when or while. We often use
the past continuous at the beginning of the story to show the QUANTIFIERS WITH COUNTABLE AND
general situation / background. UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
1 When I got to the train station, they were doing repairs on Quantifiers are words we use before nouns to show quantity.
the line. Many and a few are only used with plural countable nouns
(The repairs started before I got to the station and weren’t such as people, sheep, animals and trains.
finished.) Not many planes can fly over France.
2 When I woke up, the woman from the airline was walking Quite a few flights are cancelled.
away from the gate.
Much is only used with uncountable nouns such as
(The woman started walking away before I woke up, and I
accommodation, advice, anger, chaos, help, information,
could still see her walking away.)
luggage, news, progress, traffic, water and work.
3 I was reading the last few pages when I suddenly heard
There’s not much hope of a deal.
the last call for my flight.
(I started reading the last pages before I heard the call, and I A bit of is usually used with uncountable nouns. It can be used
still had some pages left to read.) with some singular countable nouns.
Expect a bit of trouble there.
Exercise 1 Expect a bit of a wait there.
Choose the correct option. Some, any, a lot of, plenty of and no go with both plural
1 I fell asleep when I got on / was waiting for the train and I countable and uncountable nouns.
slept all the way to London. There were some cows on the line. (countable)
2 I got to the airport very early, so I bought / was buying a few This follows some heavy rain in the area overnight.
things while I was waiting. (uncountable)
3 I was still packing / packed when the taxi arrived so he had There aren’t any more problems on the A6. (countable)
to wait fifteen minutes. It wasn’t any help. (uncountable)
4 My parents met / were meeting on a bus in Chile when they There are terrible problems in a lot of places. (countable)
were both living there. They live back in the States now.
Come on! We don’t have a lot of time. (uncountable)
5 I drove / was driving back home from the office and a dog
There are plenty of flights to choose from. (countable)
ran in front of my car. I tried to stop, but I couldn’t.
Relax! We have plenty of time. (uncountable)
6 Where were you going / did you you go when I saw / was
seeing you yesterday? There are no trains today, I’m afraid. (countable)
There’s no parking in or around the ground. (uncountable)
Verbs not used in the continuous form
In negatives, use any, much or many.
The following verbs are not generally used in the past
I didn’t book any accommodation before I left.
continuous.
We didn’t take much luggage with us.
agree believe belong cost depend
There weren’t many cars on the road.
hate know like need owe
seem sound suppose taste want
90101_18_GR_p166-186.indd 169 10/6/16 6:37 PM

DID YOU KNOW?
Any is used in positive sentences to mean ‘it’s not important
which one or how little’.
4 EAT
Any passengers who are flying in the next few days should PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
ring their airline.
The present perfect is have / has + past participle. The past
In formal written English, many and much are also used in participle is usually the same as the past simple form, but look
positive sentences. at the present, past simple and past participle forms of these
Many town planners believe that we should limit car use. verbs:
There is much talk about creating more cycle lanes. is – was – been forget – forgot – forgotten
break – broke – broken give – gave – given
Exercise 1
choose – chose – chosen go – went – gone / been*
Complete the sentences with one word in each space. come – came – come know – knew – known
1 There are places to stop on the way, but not very do – did – done run – ran – run
.
drink – drank – drunk see – saw – seen
2 Let me give you a of advice: avoid the
drive – drove – driven take – took – taken
underground at night. It’s not safe.
eat – ate – eaten wake – woke – woken
3 The stop’s just over there. Take bus. They all go
fall – fell – fallen write – wrote – written
into the centre.
4 There are usually of buses. They come every ten The present perfect is often used to start a conversation and
minutes or so. find out about other people’s experiences. You do NOT have
5 I don’t have information yet – just the time of the to use the present perfect in the reply. Look at these different
flight. I need to speak to a people first and find answers to A’s question
out what’s happening. A: Have you ever tried horse meat?
6 There’s a of anger about the train strike. B: No, I don’t like the idea of it.
7 I usually only have hand luggage. I don’t like to have No, but I’d like to.
bags to check in. Yeah, we eat it quite a lot in our country.
8 I waited for ages, but there were taxis. In the Yeah, I ate it when I was in France a few years ago.
end, I decided to walk!
I’ve had it a couple of times, but I don’t really like it.
Did you know? Don’t use the present perfect with a past time phrase such as
To express negative ideas, we often use too many, too much, yesterday or a few years ago. Use the past simple.
too few and too little. Have you gone out Did you go out last night?
There are too many motorbikes on the road. It’s crazy! We’ve had We had dinner there the other day.
There’s too much traffic. They need to do something about it. I’ve spoken I spoke to him two minutes ago.
There are too few buses after ten at night. We need more. We have never eaten out We never ate out when I was a kid.
There’s too much to do – and too little time to do it in!
You can make the present perfect negative with not or never.
Never means ‘not in my life’.
Exercise 2
I’ve never heard of it. Where is it?
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar
I’ve never tried snake. What’s it like?
meaning to the first sentence. Use one word in each space.
We often use haven’t / hasn’t with still and yet to mean ‘not
1 There weren’t many people on the train this morning. before now, but probably in the future’.
There were only people on the train You still haven’t seen my new apartment. Why don’t you come
this morning. round for a coffee?
2 There’s too much traffic on the roads. A: Sorry I‘m late, I was waiting for the bus for ages.
There are cars on the roads. B: Don’t worry. We haven’t ordered anything yet. Here’s the
3 There weren’t any places to park. menu.
There were places to park.
4 There’s too little time! I need more hours in the day. Did you know?
There are hours in the day. I need The past participle of go is sometimes been when we want to
more time! say went and came back. When the person hasn’t come back,
5 Most drivers are fine, but there are some who drive really we use gone.
badly. I’ve been to that restaurant several times.
Most drivers are fine, but there are Ben’s not here. He’s gone for lunch.
who drive really badly.
6 You can park there. There’s plenty of space. Exercise 1
You can park there. There’s a space. Choose the correct option.
1 A: We went / have been to a Thai place on Grove Lane
yesterday. Did you go / Have you been there?
B: Yeah, lots of times. We often have got / get a takeaway
from there during the week too.
2 A: Have you had / Did you have anything to eat yet?
B: Yes thanks. I’ve made / I made myself a sandwich before
I left home.
3 A: H ave you ever eaten / ate snake?
B: Yeah. I have had / had some on holiday last year. It
tasted / has tasted a bit like fish.
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4 A: Are you visited / Have you visited Romania before? You will learn more about the present perfect in Unit 12, Yet,
B: No, this is / has been my first time. It’s great. already, still and just; Unit 13, present perfect continuous and
5 A: Sorry I’m late. I was / have been stuck in the office sorting how long; Unit 15, Time phrases and tense.
out a problem.
B: Never mind. I was / have been late too and James still TOO / NOT ... ENOUGH
hasn’t arrived / didn’t arrive either. too, too much, too many
Use too + adjective / adverb when you want / need less of
Did you know? something. It is often followed by the infinitive with to to show
You can use have / haven’t, etc. on it’s own to avoid repeating something is not possible as a result.
the whole verb. I’m too lazy to cook for myself.
I haven’t been to that restaurant, but Javi has (been there). He was driving too fast to stop in time.
A: Have you talked to Karen recently? Is the music too loud?
B: No, I haven’t (talked to her). Have you (talked to her)? Use too much + uncountable noun or too many + countable
We also use the present perfect simple with some verbs to talk noun (see also Unit 3).
about the duration of events that are still not finished now. My doctor says I’m eating too much sugar.
A: How long have you lived here? I don’t feel well. I think I had too much ice cream.
B: Not long. We moved here in February. Too many people these days eat fast food.
I can’t go out tonight. I have too many things to do.
Exercise 2
Complete each pair of sentences with the correct form of not ... enough
the verbs in bold. Use the present perfect in one sentence Use not + adjective / adverb + enough when you need more.
and the past simple in the other. It is also often followed by the Infinitive (with to).
1 lose My daughter helps me cook, but she’s not old enough to be
a I my mobile two weeks ago, so I’m in a mess! left on her own in the kitchen.
It had all my contacts on it. You didn’t cook it long enough. It’s still raw in the centre.
b My brother his mobile about five times. Use not enough + noun (either uncountable or countable).
2 have They’re closing down the restaurant on the corner, because it
a I love your car. How long you it? doesn’t make enough money.
b I a car for years, but then I decided It was too The match was cancelled because we didn’t have enough
expensive to run. people to make a team.
3 try Questions
a I never coffee. I don’t like the You can use enough in questions. It means ‘is it OK or is more
smell. needed?’
b I got these jeans on holiday, but I (not) A: Do you have enough food?
them on and they don’t fit very well. B: Yes thanks.
4 see Are you comfortable enough?
a you ever that film Babette’s Feast?
It’s on tonight. Exercise 1
b you the news last night? I was on it! Complete the sentences with too, too much, too many or
5 know enough. Then match the sentences with the responses a–h.
a I Ken for years. We’re really good friends. 1 Do you have chairs for everyone?
b We each other at all before we started 2 It’s been cooked long. Look, it’s almost burnt!
working here, but we get on great.
3 Are you warm ?
6 go
4 Have you had dessert?
a Luigi to the meeting, but I didn’t.
5 I think we made food. People haven’t eaten a lot.
b I there, but I think Steffie has, so ask her what
6 Are you sure you’re not hot in here?
it’s like.
7 Wow. That’s a big portion. I think we’ve ordered
Exercise 3 dishes.
Write present perfect questions using the prompts (1–6). 8 Is the volume loud ?
Then match the answers a–f to the questions. a Yes thanks. It was lovely. Shall I help you clear the table?
1 you / be / here before? b Actually, no. Could we sit inside instead?
2 you / ever / eat / chicken feet? c You’re probably right. Shall we ask the waiter to cancel a
3 you / try / that new restaurant round the corner? couple?
4 Dave / speak / to you about tonight yet? d We don’t actually. Could you bring a couple of folding ones?
5 you two / be introduced? e It is very warm. Could I open a window?
6 how long / she / live / there? f Not really. Could you turn it up?
g Oh yes. Shall I ask the waiter to change it?
a Yeah, I had them once when I was in Hong Kong.
h I know. Would you like to take some home with you?
b Yeah, we’ve met before actually.
c Yeah, I came on holiday here a few years ago.
d No, but I’ve had my phone switched off.
e About six years now.
f No, but I’d like to go there. It looks nice.
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Common mistakes DID YOU KNOW?
Enough goes after an adjective / adverb, but before a noun. When we talk about possible future plans, we sometimes use
I am not enough patient patient enough to be a teacher. may instead of might. In this context, it means the same thing.
I don’t have money enough enough money to eat out every I may go shopping in the morning.
week. I’m not totally sure yet, but I may leave quite early.
Don’t use too to describe positive feelings. Too means you I may go out somewhere later tonight.
want less. Use really / very / so or an adjective like great,
fantastic or amazing! Exercise 1
I love my Mum’s cooking too much. She’s too good. I miss it Complete the sentences with the correct form of the
now I live on my own. verbs in the box.
I really love my Mum’s cooking. She’s fantastic.
You don’t need for before an infinitive with to. do get have (x2) hire
meet see play (x2) watch
Leave it to cool down. it’s too hot for to eat now.
Exercise 2 1 A: I’m going the Madrid–Malaga match at a place

in town.
Decide which five sentences are incorrect, then correct
B: OK. What time are you going there?
them.
A: Quite early, so I can get a seat. Seven?
1 The restaurant we went to for my birthday was great value.
2 A: What you later?
The food was delicious and it was too cheap.
B: We Gary and Sam to go to the cinema –
2 Have you put salt enough in that soup? Just check.
would you like to come?
3 It tasted disgusting. They put too much chillies in it for
A: Yeah, that sounds good. What are you going ?
my liking.
B: Juniper Love – the one that won the Oscar.
4 I find it too bitter for to drink If I don’t add any sugar.
3 A: We’re thinking of a party to celebrate finishing
5 It didn’t taste too bad, but it wasn’t spicy enough for
school.
my taste.
B: That’s a good idea. Are you thinking of it at
6 I don’t think this pan is enough big to cook pasta for
your house?
everyone. I might need two pans.
A: I don’t know. We might a room somewhere. It
depends how expensive it is.
5 RELAX 4 A: Simon and Matt told me to tell you they
tomorrow if you’re interested.
tennis
B: What time are they going ?

Plans and arrangements
We can use both be going to + infinitive (without to) and Exercise 2
the present continuous to talk about future plans and Write positive sentences (+), negative sentences (–) or
arrangements. To talk about definite personal plans for the questions (?) using the ideas below and the structures in
future, we generally use be going to.
brackets.
I’m not going to do anything tonight. I’m just going to take it
easy. 1 I / call you later. (might / +)
I’m going to go for a walk after dinner. 2 What / you / do. (be going to / ?)
3 We / have / a meeting about it. (be thinking of / +)
To talk about definite arrangements with other people – usually 4 I / go on holiday this year. (be going to / –)
in the near future – we generally use the present continuous. 5 I / be in class tomorrow. (might / –)
However, be going to is also possible. 6 Where / you / stay. (be thinking of / ?)
A: What are you doing this weekend? 7 I / go fishing this weekend. (be going to / +)
B: Well, I’m playing / I’m going to play basketball on Saturday. 8 What / you / go / to see. (be thinking of / ?)
What about you?
9 I / come. It depends how I feel. (may / –)
A: Some important clients are coming / are going to come so I
need to go to the airport to meet them.
SUPERLATIVES
To talk about possible plans in the future that are not fully In general, we use most with two- or three-syllable adjectives
decided, use might + infinitive (without to) or be thinking of or adverbs.
+ -ing. Football is the most popular game in the world.
I might go shopping in the morning. Moscow is one of the most expensive cities in the world.
I’m thinking of leaving quite early. It was one of the most boring matches ever!
Note that might is not usually used in questions. Instead, we We add -est to adjectives or adverbs of one syllable.
often use be thinking of. That’s the longest film in the series.
A: I might go out somewhere later tonight. She’s the youngest person to ever win an Olympic medal.
B: Oh, OK. Where are you thinking of going? He’s the oldest person to ever play for his country.
With two-syllable words ending in -y, the -y changes to -iest.
The basic rules are among the easiest to grasp of any sport.
I can’t stand him. He’s the laziest player ever.
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Note that for some short adjectives – big, fit, sad, etc. – we
double the final consonant when we add -est. Wimbledon is
probably the biggest competition in tennis. Also note that
6 FAMILY AND FRIENDS
some two-syllable words can take either -est or the most.
Two o’clock is our quietest / most quiet time of the day. QUESTION FORMATION
When we make questions and negatives, we use different
DID YOU KNOW? auxiliary verbs. There are only three: be, do and have.
We usually use the before superlatives, but sometimes we can Normal verbs
use my, his, etc.
(Question word) Auxiliary Noun / pronoun Verb
My best time for running a kilometre is four minutes twenty.
Present simple
Exercise 1 Do you work?
Complete the sentences with the superlative form of the Do they live near here?
adjectives. What does he do?
1 It’s film ever! (bad) Past simple
2 It’s freezing outside so wear your coat. (thick)
Did you speak to him?
3 My mum’s probably person I know. (generous)
Did your friends get home OK?
4 We’re usually in the afternoons, so ring in the
Why did he go there?
morning. (busy)
5 Personally, I like cricket. It’s sport there is! Present continuous
(interesting) Is she just visiting?
6 My cat died last week. It was really awful – thing Are they driving here?
ever! (sad) Where are you staying?
7 I tried it, but it was thing ever! (disgusting)
Present perfect
8 Deano’s has selection of clothes in town. (wide)
Has she decided yet?
Superlatives + present perfect
Have your parents met her before?
Superlatives often go with the present perfect.
How long have you been here?
It’s the best book I’ve (ever) read in my life.
I think this is the fittest I’ve ever been.
Be
He’s the most successful striker who’s ever played for us.
That’s the most exciting match I’ve seen in a long time. (Question word) Be Noun / pronoun Adjective,
adverb or noun
Exercise 2 Present
Write sentences with a superlative + the present perfect.
Who is your favourite singer?
It / long time / he / be / away from home. Are your parents OK?
It’s the longest time he’s been away from home. Is your sister married?
1 He / nice person / I / ever meet. How are you?
2 It / exciting race / I / take part in.
Past
3 That computer / reliable / we / ever have.
4 This / complicated game / I / ever play. Why weren’t they there?
5 It / funny book / I / read / in a long time. Were you very annoyed?
6 That / smart / I / ever see / you look. Was he OK last night?
Where was the party?
DID YOU KNOW?

We DON’T usually use full sentences or auxiliaries to answer
questions.
A: How old are you?
B: 23. (NOT I am 23)
A: Do you like learning English?
B: Not really, but I need it for my job. (NOT I don’t really like it,
but …)
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Exercise 1 Exercise 3
Complete the questions with the correct auxiliary verb or Write How …? or What …? questions using the words in
write X if no auxiliary is needed. brackets. The first is done for you.
1 A: Where she work? 1 A: ? (old / be / your gran) How old is your gran?
B: In a café in the centre of town. B: 83.
A: Oh, OK. she worked there long? 2 A: at the weekend? (kinds of things / you / do)
B: No. She started quite recently. B: I always play tennis on Saturdays. Apart from that, I go to
2 A: you like football. the cinema, watch TV, nothing much.
B: Yeah. I’m a Leeds fan. You’re a Milan fan, aren’t you? 3 A: last Friday? (film / you / see)
A: No, who told you that? B: Forever. It’s a romance. My wife wanted to see it.
B: The guy in class with the long hair. So who 4 A: here? (long / you / live)
you support? B: About six months now. We moved here in January.
A: Fiorentina. 5 A: in the exam? (questions / they / ask)
B: Oh, OK. they play last night? B: How old are you? Where do you live? Things like that.
A: Yes. We lost … to Milan! 6 A: tomorrow morning? (time / you / leave)
3 A: What you do? B: Four o’clock! Our flight’s at seven and it’ll take at least an
B: I’m a student. hour to get to the airport.
A: Oh right. What you studying? 7 A: to get to work? (far / you / travel)
B: Civil engineering. B: It’s 50 minutes by train and then a ten-minute walk.
4 A: I’m going to Brazil in May. 8 A: in your class? (many students / there)
B: Oh really? How long you going for? B: There are twelve of us, I think.
A: Two weeks.
B: OK. you been there before? SIMILARITIES AND CONTRASTS
A: No, it’s actually the first time I’ve ever been abroad. Number
Questions without auxiliaries Both and neither refer to two people or things.
Did you notice this question in Exercise 1 above? All and none refer to three or more.
Who told you that? neither and none
We sometimes ask questions without an auxiliary because we We use neither and none to show that the people / things are
want to know who or what did an action (the subject of the the same in not doing / being something. We don’t follow all or
verb). These questions usually start with who, but sometimes both with negatives.
other question words are used. Neither of them take no for an answer.
Who organised it? Both of them don’t take no for an answer.
Who took that photo? None of us want to take over the business.
Who told you to come here? All of us don’t want to take over the business.
What happened? both of, all of, etc.
Which one’s better? If both, all etc. is before the pronoun, we have to use both of,
Exercise 2 all of etc. Then we use the pronouns us, you and them.
Look at the ways of saying the same thing.
Cross out the auxiliary where it is not needed.
We both work as waiters. Both of us work as waiters.
Who did told you that?
They’re all very confident. All of them are very confident.
1 What did you buy?
They’re both quite short. Neither of them are very tall.
2 Which battery do lasts longer?
We all hate to sit still. None of us like to sit still.
3 Who did gave you this?
4 Who was at the party last night? whereas
5 Who did you speak to? Maybe I can talk to them. Whereas has a similar meaning to ‘but’. Use it to show a
6 What did happened to you? You’re really late. contrast – how people / things are different.
7 Why did it happen? It normally works fine. My dad’s quite religious, whereas my mum isn’t.
8 Who do wants coffee? Put your hand up. Neither of my parents speak English, but I do.
9 Who’s moved my bag? It was here a moment ago.
Exercise 1
Questions with how or what Complete the sentences with one word.
We sometimes use how and what with other words when we 1 I’ve got two brothers and a sister and we’re
ask questions. doctors.
We use how with an adjective or adverb. 2 I see my two grans a lot because they live nearby.
How old is he? 3 My girlfriend and I often play tennis together. of
How far is it from here? us are very good, but we enjoy it anyway.
We use what with a noun. 4 Although they’re twins, they’re quite different.
What kind of films do you like? 5 Both you, can you stop screaming and shouting?
What time did you get home? 6 My family are all very friendly, but none of like
going out very much. We’re happy with our own company.
7 I didn’t know any of my grandparents. They died
before I was born.
8 He had six children but none of were interested
in taking over the business.
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either and any 6 I have to / don’t have to / can always talk to my flatmates if I
We use either or any after a negative form of the verb instead have a problem.
of neither or none. 7 Do you have to / Can you have friends to stay in your flat?
I don’t get on very well with either of my neighbours. 8 We have to / don’t have to / can’t do military service. We
He had five exams and he didn’t pass any of them. have to / can / don’t have to choose to do social work or
community work instead if we want to.
Exercise 2
Choose the correct option. DID YOU KNOW?
To talk about ability / inability at a particular time, we sometimes
1 I’ve got two older sisters, but I’m not very close to either /
use be (not) able to instead of can / can’t. It’s usually used in
both / none of them.
more formal contexts and in written English.
2 Neither / Either of my parents speak any / none foreign
languages at all. Exercise 2
3 Can you believe it? Any / None of my brothers or sisters Rewrite the sentences using is / are (not) able to + verb.
remembered my birthday.
1 I’m afraid we can’t help you with that.
4 I don’t know both / none / any of the people in my street.
2 It’s not a palace or anything, but at least I can pay the rent!
5 I don’t talk to either / both / none of my ex-husbands
3 We have five bedrooms, so we can invite friends to stay,
anymore!
which is nice.
6 I never really see any / both / neither of my cousins
4 I think there’s some kind of problem because I can’t enter
anymore. They live too far away.
the site.
7 Neither / Either / Any of my brothers are very fit. They hardly
5 She can’t sleep at the moment because she has very bad
ever do none / any exercise.
pain in her leg.
8 I hate networking and managing people. I’m no good at
6 You’re lucky you can stay with friends. It saves you a lot of
either / both / none of them.
money!
7 The clients called earlier and said they can’t make the
7 YOUR PLACE meeting today.
8 He has to work overseas, but he can visit four times a year.
have to, don’t have to, can and can’t Exercise 3
have to Correct the mistake in each sentence.
To talk about rules or things that are essential or necessary to 1 We have to telling our landlord three months in advance if
do, use have to / has to + infinitive (without to) we want to move out.
We have to pay a month’s deposit before we can move in. 2 My sister cans stay with my uncle whenever she visits the
I have to walk about ten minutes to get to the train station. capital.
Do you have to do much housework? 3 My friend Juan have to find a new place to live.
My brother has to help my dad run the family business. 4 You doesn’t have to do it if you don’t want to.
don’t have to 5 If you want, I can to drive you home.
To talk about things that are not essential or necessary, but that 6 I’d love to get my own place, but I don’t can afford it.
you can do if you want to, use don’t have to / doesn’t have to +
infinitive (without to). WILL / WON’T
I don’t have to do any housework, but I like to do the cooking. We use will / won’t + infinitive (without to) to talk about future
actions or give opinions about the future. We often use will /
It’s Sunday tomorrow, so I don’t have to get up early!
won’t as an immediate response to situations / things people
It’s OK for her! She doesn’t have to work evenings! say, and to talk about now or the immediate future.
can Offers
To show something is possible and you are free to do it if you A: Can I use the washing machine?
want, use can + infinitive (without to). B: Oh, I’ll do it for you, if you like.
I live near the river and you can walk along the banks, which
A: Is it OK if I have a shower in the morning?
is nice.
B: Of course. I’ll get you some towels in a moment.
Can we stay with you when we come to Berlin?
Opinions about the future
can’t
You’re welcome to watch TV. Although you’ll probably have
To show something is not possible and you have no choice,
to watch repeats of The Big Bang Theory as that’s all my son
use can’t + infinitive (without to).
Theo seems to watch.
I can’t help you, I’m afraid.
A: He’s sixteen.
Exercise 1 B: Oh yes? Like my baby brother. He’ll remind me of home.
Choose the correct option. A: I think you’ll be warm enough but I can get you a blanket,
if you want.
1 I have to / don’t have to / can share a room with two other
students! Luckily, we all get on OK. B: Oh no. I’ll be fine.
2 Do you have to / Can you travel far to work? Decisions (made at the time of speaking)
3 You can / have to / don’t have to tell me if you don’t want to. A: And here?
It’s your choice. B: Oh that’s Oliver’s study, but we won’t go in there.
4 Unfortunately, we can’t / don’t have to / has to use the pool It’s a mess!
that’s connected to the block of flats.
A: The dog’s very friendly
5 I think she can / has to / doesn’t have to pay about 100
B: I’m sure, but maybe I’ll go out the front next time.
euros a week rent.
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Promises 6 A: I need to send some letters sometime today.
A: Your dog scared me. B: I’ll go / I’m going into town later, so I’ll post / I’m going to
B: He won’t bite you. I promise. He’s very friendly. post them for you if you want.
A: Do you have your homework? You will learn more about will / won’t in Unit 2, Developing
B: No, but I’ll give it to you tomorrow. conversations (page 20); Unit 8, First conditionals; Unit 15,
Time phrases and tense.
Questions
Most questions with will are about opinions, and they often use
do you think. 8 EDUCATION
Do you think you’ll be warm enough?
Do you think Spain will win tonight? First Conditionals
What time do you think you’ll be here? First conditionals are sentences of two parts – one part to talk
about possible future situations or actions and the other to talk
Exercise 1 about the results of those actions.
Complete the dialogues with ’ll or won’t.
The if-clause
1 A: I need to wash these clothes. The if-clause refers to possible future situations or actions, but
B: OK. Leave them there. I do them with the rest it uses present tenses. Don’t use will / won’t here to refer to the
of the washing. future. The if-clause doesn’t have to start the sentence.
2 A: Maksim. Can you hear me? I need to use the bathroom. If I will get get the grades I want ...
B: Oh, OK. I be long. … if you won’t don’t start working harder.
3 A: Do you mind if I use your computer?
B: Of course not. I just save and close what I was The result clause
working on. We can talk about the result of the possible future action using
4 A: Do you think you be home for dinner? will / won’t + infinitive (without to). Will / won’t shows you are
certain about the result.
B: I don’t think so. I probably finish till late and
we probably eat near there. Well, if it all goes well, I’ll have two more years.
5 A: Shall I do the washing up? You won’t pass if you don’t start working harder!
B: No, it’s OK. I do it. Just leave the dishes in the You can use will probably or might (possibly) to show you are
sink. less certain.
6 A: Have you seen my keys? If I get the grades I want, I’ll probably do a Master’s.
B: No, but I lend you mine if you like. I’m going to I’ll probably go out later if I finish all my homework.
be at home all day. If I can’t find a job here soon, I might go abroad somewhere.
A: Are you sure? I promise I lose them! Questions
7 A: Be careful, and call me if you need any help. Look at the ways of asking questions.
B: I ! But, don’t worry. We be fine. Where will she live if she gets into university in England?
8 A: Do you think you go to the party later? What will you do if that happens?
B: Probably not, to be honest. We probably get What if you don’t get into university?
back in time and I’m sure we be too tired
anyway. Exercise 1
Match the two parts of the sentences.
Did you know?
When we give opinions, we use will / won’t to show we’re 1 If you copy anything directly from the internet,
certain. However, if we’re less certain, we often add words like 2 If I do well in the entrance exam,
I doubt, I don’t think, I’m not sure, it’s possible and probably. 3 I’ll give you a hand with that
I doubt I’ll go. 4 If the bank won’t lend me money,
I’m not sure I’ll have time. 5 I’ll graduate next December
It’s possible I’ll finish early. 6 We’ll be late for the lecture
I probably won’t see you before I go, so I’ll say goodbye now. 7 If you go to room 605,
8 I’ll probably do some research for my project today,
WIll and other future forms
Remember that when we talk about plans and arrangements a you’ll find the finance department. Ask there.
we have made, we use be going to + infinitive (without to) or b they’ll then ask me to go for an interview.
the present continuous. We also sometimes use be going to for c if I don’t fail any of my finals.
opinions about the future. d you’ll get 0%.
Exercise 2 e if you want.
Choose the correct form. f I might need to borrow some from you.
g if I’m not too busy with everything else!
1 I can’t meet you tonight. A friend of mine will come / is
coming to my house for dinner. h if we don’t hurry up!
2 I need to give you an injection. It won’t hurt / it’s not hurting.
DID YOU KNOW?
3 A: What are you doing tonight?
If we start a sentence with the if-clause, we use a comma
B: Nothing. I’m just going to go / I’ll just go home and have after it. If we start with the result clause, we don’t usually use
an early night. commas.
4 Our oldest son is getting / will get married next month. If I save enough money, I’ll take a few months off.
5 That looks hard. I’ll help / I’m helping you if you want. I’ll take a few months off if I save enough money.
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Decide which four sentences are incorrect, then correct Decide which six sentences are incorrect, then correct
them. them.
1 If I’ll go to England, my English will get better. 1 We can’t come yesterday because of the bad weather.
2 You don’t do well at the interview tomorrow if you don’t look 2 I’m going to the bank. I have to get some money.
smart enough. 3 We don’t have to study English when I was at school.
3 I’m sure your tutor will help if you ask her to. 4 I’m sorry I weren’t able to come to class last week. I was ill.
4 If I find the website address, I send it you later. 5 When I was at school, we always must stand up when the
5 If I’m still feeling bad, I won’t come to class. teacher came into the classroom.
6 If I won’t go to university, my parents will be really upset. 6 Could you move, please? I can’t see the board.
7 He has to retake the test twice before he passed.
HAD TO / COULD 8 The question was so difficult, I couldn’t to answer it.
had to 9 In the past, teachers were able to organise the course how
Use had to + infinitive (without to) to talk about things that were they wanted.
necessary to do. Use did + have to + infinitive (without to) in
questions.
Sometimes we just had to copy from the book. 9 Mind And Body
Did you have to have extra Spanish lessons?
GIVING ADVICE
didn’t have to The most common way of giving advice – to say what you think
Use didn’t have to + infinitive (without to) for things that were is the best thing to do – is should + infinitive (without to). We
not necessary to do. often soften advice by adding maybe at the beginning of the
We didn’t have to do much homework in England – a bit of sentence. It’s also common to say I think you should.
reading or something. Should is a modal verb. With modal verbs we use the same
could form for all persons, we do not add -s for the third person.
We do not use do / does in questions, or don’t / doesn’t in
Use could + infinitive (without to) for things in the past that were
negatives. The negative form is shouldn’t.
possible – that you had a choice about.
Maybe you should go home and get some rest.
My wife and I could organise our holidays to be at home with
the kids most of the holiday. You shouldn’t worry about it. It’ll all be fine.
What should I do if the medicine doesn’t work?
couldn’t What do you think I should do?
Use couldn’t for things that were not possible because:
Two other common ways of giving advice are why don’t you +
(1) you didn’t have the ability; (2) because of a rule / law; or
infinitive (without to) and ought to + infinitive (without to). They
(3) because of a problem.
basically mean the same as should.
1 I couldn’t understand very much. It was horrible.
Why don’t you get some sunglasses to protect your eyes a bit?
2 We couldn’t take mobile phones with us to my school.
(Maybe) you ought to try it.
3 I couldn’t see, because there were people in front of me.
Exercise 1
Exercise 1
Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets.
1 You should go on a diet. (why)
1 I could / couldn’t go home for lunch when I was at school,
but now I’m working, I don’t have time. 2 You ought to put some cream on that rash. (should)
2 I had to / didn’t have to get up early when I was at school, 3 What do you think we should do? (ought)
but at university the classes start later. 4 You should phone and make an appointment. (don’t)
3 When I was living at home, I had to / didn’t have to cook, but 5 Anyone taking drugs to improve their performance should
now I’m on my own, I had to / have to make my own dinner. be banned. (to)
4 When I was at school, we couldn’t / could call a teacher by 6 Why don’t you drink less coffee? (maybe)
their first name. We had to / have to call them ‘Sir’ or ‘Miss’.
Exercise 2
5 Go now if you want to. You don’t have to / didn’t have to
wait for me. Complete the sentences with should / shouldn’t and the
verbs in the box.
DID YOU KNOW?
do eat go ignore miss watch
Must has no past form. Instead, we use had to.
She’s not here because she must had to go and see someone. 1 You so much! You’ll get fat if you’re not careful!
be able to 2 I’m not surprised your eyes are sore. You less
To talk about ability / inability at a particular time in the past, TV!
we sometimes use wasn’t / weren’t able to instead of could / 3 If it hurts, you really and see a doctor about it.
couldn’t. You just it. It might get worse.
I wasn’t able to understand very much in the class! 4 The government more to sort the problem out.
We weren’t able to see much because we were at the back. 5 I know you’re busy, but it’s an important appointment. You
really it if you can help it.
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IMPERATIVES
We use imperatives to: 10 Places to Stay
1 give instructions: Take twice daily with food.
2 give an order: Be quiet. Second Conditionals
3 give advice: Go and see your doctor if you’re worried. Second conditionals are sentences of two parts. We use them
4 encourage: Come on! You can do it! to talk about imagined situations or things that are unlikely or
5 make an offer: Have a seat. impossible.
6 warn: Don’t buy that one. It’s bad quality. The if-clause
7 reassure: Don’t worry. It’ll be fine. In the if-clause, use the past simple to talk about imagined
situations. It refers to now or the future.
Structures with imperatives
… if she ate a nut by mistake.
We often use imperatives in conditional sentences, especially
when giving advice. (She doesn’t plan to eat one, but imagine her eating one.)
Don’t worry if you find it difficult. (= you shouldn’t worry) … if I could.
If you need anything, just email me. (I can’t move anyone, but imagine the situation is possible.)
If you can’t sleep, try counting backwards from 100. The result clause
We often use will after imperatives. Use would + infinitive (without to) to talk about imagined results
Hurry up or we’ll miss the train. or further actions.
Have a seat. I’ll stand. She’d be ill if she ate a nut by mistake.
Don’t worry about cleaning up. I’ll do it. (She isn’t ill now, only because she hasn’t eaten a chocolate
Don’t make so much noise. You’ll wake the baby! with nuts in.)
I would move them if I could. (I want to move them, but I can’t.)
We sometimes use imperatives as requests when talking to
friends, but it’s better to use could you / can you because might
imperatives can sometimes sound rude and too direct with You can replace would with might to show less certainty about
people we’re not close to. However, in all the examples above, the imagined result.
imperatives sound fine. They might attract more people if they weren’t so expensive!
Pass the salt. (with friends) (= maybe they would attract more people)
Could you pass the salt, please? (more polite, less direct)
Exercise 1
DID YOU KNOW? 1 Match the two parts of the sentences.
We often use so + adjective after negative imperatives. 1 The company wouldn’t have these problems
Don’t be so lazy! 2 I’d be more willing to try camping
Don’t be so rude! 3 It’s a nice hotel, but it’d be better
4 I think that if they opened a branch in Brighton,
Exercise 1
5 I suppose if I had a lot of money,
Correct each pair / group of sentences by making one of 6 If something like that happened to me,
the imperatives negative.
1 Panic. Stay calm. a if the rooms were a bit more child-friendly.
2 Whisper. Speak up. We can’t hear you. b I’d complain. I’d be really angry about it!
3 Be careful. Slip. c if they employed staff who spoke better English!
4 Just sit there. Do something. d I might stay in a top hotel, but there are other things I’d
prefer to buy.
5 Take your time. Rush.
e if the weather here was a bit better.
6 Be quiet. Make so much noise.
f it’d be a big success.
7 Get up. Be so lazy.
8 Wait for me. Go ahead. I’ll catch you up. 2 For each sentence above, say what the real situation
is now.
DID YOU KNOW?
The company has problems because the staff don’t speak
We can use imperatives to give advice to friends – instead of good English.
using maybe you should / ought to …
Phone them and make an appointment. (with friends) Advice
Maybe you should / ought to phone them and make an We often use a second conditional to give advice.
appointment. (more polite, less direct) If I were you, I’d book online. It’d be cheaper. (I’m not you!)
If I was / were in your situation, I’d complain.
Exercise 2
Note that we often only say the would part, because the
Rewrite the sentences using could for requests and should situation is obvious.
for advice. A: Do you think I should say something to the manager.
1 Pour me some water, please. B: I would. He was quite rude to you. (= I would, if I were you).
2 Try talking to someone about it.
3 Bring me the bill.
4 Help me carry these bags to the car.
5 Don’t drive if you’re taking that medication.
6 Don’t call him now. It’s too late.
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Choose the correct form. Decide which five sentences are incorrect, then correct
1 I might think about staying there if it was / would be nearer them.
the beach. 1 Last week, I used to have to study for my exams.
2 I’d / I’ll pick you up from your hotel if it was / wasn’t so far 2 Before I started working here, I used work as a researcher
from the centre of town! for a drug company.
3 If I am / were you, I wouldn’t / don’t have the hotel breakfast. 3 He’s lost a lot of weight. He used to weigh 100 kilos.
I’ll / I’d eat somewhere else instead. 4 I didn’t never used to have lunch at school. I always had
4 It’d / It’s be better if the website was / will be more user- lunch at home.
friendly. 5 I didn’t use to like swimming, but I go quite a lot now.
5 I’m having a good time here, but it was / would be even 6 Most Sundays, me and my kids use to watch a DVD at home
better if it wasn’t / wouldn’t be raining all the time! together.
6 If we was / were earning more money, we can / could stay in 7 When I was a kid, we usually go to the mountains during the
nicer places. summer.
8 My grandparents usually come to stay with us at Christmas.
USED TO
To talk about past habits, we can use either used to + infinitive
(without to) or the past simple. 11 SCIENCE AND NATURE
They used to take us on day trips.
We went swimming all the time. PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
We also use both used to + infinitive (without to) and the past We use the past perfect simple to show that something
simple to talk about past states. happened before another past action. The past perfect is often
My parents used to own an apartment on the beach. used after the verbs realise, find out, discover and remember
It was so strict. to refer to an earlier event. It is usually used with other verbs in
the past simple.
The most common way to form the negative of used to is
with never. I realised I’d made a mistake and changed the answer.
It sounds dull, but I never used to get bored. I suddenly remembered I hadn’t bought any food for my dog.
You can also form the negative of used to like this: When we describe actions in the order that they happened in,
we usually just use the past simple.
It sounds dull, but I didn’t use to get bored.
One day the owner heard the parrots copying his customers’
Note that when we talk about actions that only happened once requests and trained them to actually take orders. (First he
in the past, we use the past simple. We cannot use used to. heard them, then he trained them.)
We once made cornflake cakes.
There is no present form of used to. It is only used to talk about Exercise 1
the past. For habits in the present, use the present simple (see Complete the sentences using the past perfect simple
page 166). form of the verbs.
My son usually spends his summers like this. 1 That’s it! We met at Mina’s party! I knew I you
somewhere before. (see)
Exercise 1
2 I suddenly remembered I to bring my homework.
Complete the sentences using used to, never used to or (forget)
usually. 3 When I got home, I realised I my keys in the
1 We moved to Zagreb this year. We live in quite a office. (leave)
small place on the coast. 4 We found out we at university at the same time,
2 I go to the beach every day, but now I’m working but we . (be / not meet)
I can’t. 5 When we arrived at the hospital, they were ready to operate,
3 We go to the cinema because the nearest one but there was a problem. Because they me not
was 60km away! to, I breakfast that morning. (not tell / eat)
4 Now that I’m in Madrid, we go out three or four 6 To begin with, they were surprised he so well in
nights a week. his exams, but then they discovered he ! (do /
5 Although there weren’t many facilities, we get cheat)
bored, because we make our own entertainment
at home. Exercise 2
Decide which actions happened first and change the verb
DID YOU KNOW? to the past perfect.
When we use the past simple, we often add time phrases. 1 After they had one date, he asked her to marry him.
However, when we use used to we often leave the time 2 I rang you as soon as I heard the news.
phrases out. 3 I never went on a plane until I went to Japan.
My parents lived in Holland in the 80’s. 4 They had an argument before I arrived, so there was a bad
My parents used to live in Holland. atmosphere. It was quite uncomfortable.
I didn’t like vegetables when I was younger. 5 I was fed up after I found out I didn’t get the job.
I never used to like vegetables, but I love them now.
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Passives DID YOU KNOW?
To make passive sentences, use a form of the verb be + a past In passive sentences adverbs usually go between be and the
participle. past participle.
See Unit 4 page 170 for more on past participles. This dish is usually served with rice.
I wasn’t badly hurt when I fell – just a few small cuts.
Subject be Past
participle Exercise 2
Present The process is repeated several times. Complete each pair of sentences with the verb given. Use
simple She is employed by the one passive form and one active.
government. 1 fund
You are left with a very thin a I think the government should more research
layer. into Graphene.
Mice are used in experiments. b The study by the company who made the
We are taught French in product, so I’m not sure you can trust the results.
school. 2 catch
I am paid 1,000 euros a The government wants fishermen to fewer
a month. fish.
b Their head scientist lying about the results of
Past Graphene was discovered by two Russian
their research.
simple scientists.
3 break
He was arrested for drink
driving. a I my arm when I was taking my dog for a walk.
I was born in Berlin. b To test its quality, the stone into tiny pieces.
We were asked to leave. 4 wake up
They were told about it. a you by that storm last night?
b I’ve been in a rush all morning because I late.
Question be Subject Past participle 5 allow
word a We not to use the internet at work.
Present Who are you employed by? b You heat the metal to a very high temperature and then
Past it to cool.
Where were you born?
6 give
Was he arrested?
a My gran me some socks for my birthday.
b It to me as a leaving present.
Modals
Passives after can / could / should use be + past participle. Intransitive verbs
Experiments on animals should be banned. You can only make passives with verbs that take an object.
Could those things be replaced by Graphene? The verbs below don’t take an object and can’t be used in the
passive form. Verbs like these are often marked with an [I] in
Who or what does the action dictionaries. This means they are intransitive.
The most common reasons for using passives are because appear come exist happen progress seem
we don’t know exactly who does an action, or because it’s behave disappear go last rise sleep
unimportant who does it.
However, you can introduce who or what does the action in Exercise 3
passive sentences using by. Decide which four sentences are incorrect, then correct
Graphene was discovered by two Russian scientists. them.
We were stopped by the police when we were walking home. 1 How was the accident happened?
Avoiding passives 2 The internet didn’t exist when I was at university.
Passives are used a lot in formal writing. In speech, we often 3 A dog was suddenly appeared in front of me.
use you or they as a general subject to avoid using passives. 4 Fortunately, none of us badly was hurt.
Experiments on animals should be banned. 5 Prices in the shops have risen a lot recently.
They should ban experiments on animals. 6 Those batteries weren’t lasted very long.
Exercise 1
Rewrite the sentences using passives.
They told me I couldn’t work in there.
I was told I couldn’t work in there.
1 You repeat the test a number of times
2 They send me junk emails all the time.
3 You usually make it with lamb, but you can use beef.
4 You could use Graphene in mobile phones.
5 They introduced new stricter limits on pollution last year.
6 They arrested two men after they found a bomb in their car.
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REPORTING SPEECH
12 ON THE PHONE When we report what people said, we often move ‘one tense
back’.
JUST, ALREADY, YET, STILL present simple → past simple
Just, already and yet are often connected to the present present perfect → past perfect
perfect (although they can be used with other tenses). Still is past simple → past perfect
sometimes used with a negative present perfect, but is more will → would
common with other present tenses. can → could
just Direct speech: I’ve cancelled your cards.
Just + the present perfect simple shows an action is recent. It Reported speech: The guy I spoke to told me he’d cancelled
often goes with only. them.
A: Is Gary here? Direct Speech: They’ll be with you within three or four days.
B: You’ve just missed him. He’s just walked out of the door. Reported speech: He said the new cards would be with me
A: Sorry, I’m late within three or four days.
B: Don’t worry. I’ve only just got here. Direct speech: I’m very sorry.
Reported speech: He said he was very sorry.
already
Note that the time phrase may also change.
Already + the present perfect shows something happened
before, often sooner than expected. It’s usually in positive ‘This week’ → Last week / That week
sentences. ‘Today’ → Yesterday / That day
I’ve already spoken to my boss and he’s fine with the price. Exercise 1
I can’t believe you’ve already finished those biscuits.
Complete the reported speech sentences.
yet 1 ‘We’re installing a new computer system.’
Yet + the present perfect in a negative sentence shows → I phoned last month and the man I spoke to told me you
something hasn’t happened, but we expect it to happen. We a new system. Why is it still so slow?
also use it in questions. 2 ‘We’ve tried to deliver the order twice this week.’
He’s not got up yet. Shall I wake him? → The man I spoke to on Friday said you to
Have you seen the latest Almodóvar film yet? You’ll love it. deliver my order twice that week, but that’s impossible!
I was at home all last week.
still
3 ‘According to our records, the package arrived in the country
Still shows an action or situation continues unchanged.
on May 1st.’
I’m afraid there’s still no answer. He must still be in his
→ The last time I called, I was told that the package
meeting.
already in the country – and now
He’s 45, but he still lives with his parents. you’re saying it hasn’t!
4 ‘Your cards will be with you by Friday at the latest.’
Did you know?
→ I called two weeks ago and was told that my cards
When yet and still are used with present perfect negatives, with me within a couple of days, but I still
they both have a similar meaning but the position in the haven’t received them.
sentence is different.
5 ‘We can offer you a full refund.’
I still haven’t got through to him. I’ll ring him again.
→ Last time I called, the guy told me you me a full
I haven’t got through to him yet. I’ll ring him again. refund, but now you’re saying there’s nothing you can do!
Exercise 1
DID YOU KNOW?
Write sentences with just, already, yet and still using the When we report questions that start with a question word, we
prompts below. don’t use do / does / did. The word order becomes subject + verb.
1 you / speak / the bank yet? ‘Where do you live?’ → She asked me where I lived.
2 I / have / time yet. I’ll do it tomorrow. ‘How old are you?’ → He asked me how old I was.
3 she / only just / graduate. For yes / no questions that start with do, can, would, etc. add if.
4 she / still / try / to decide / what to do with her life. ‘Can you hear me?’ → He asked if I could hear him.
5 I’m afraid he / be / back yet. ‘Have you seen it before?’ → She asked me if I’d seen it before.
6 don’t worry! I / already / sort out / everything.
7 she / just / hand / the work to me this second. I’ll put it in Exercise 2
the post now. Complete the reported questions.
8 he / already / make $1 million / and he’s only 26! 1 ‘Why do you want to work for us?’
→ They asked me why .
2 ‘What are your career goals?’
→ They asked me what .
3 ‘Who did you speak to last time you called?’
→ They asked me who the last time I called.
4 ‘Where did you go to school?’
→ They asked me where .
5 ‘Have you had many other interviews?’
→ They asked me .
6 ‘Is there anything you want to ask?’
→ They asked me .
90101_18_GR_p166-186.indd 181 10/6/16 6:37 PM

Exercise 2
13 CULTURE Look at the student’s text and write the correct noun
phrases (1–7). The first one is done for you.
Noun phrases I’m very interested in the 1industry of fashion because my
These are some common patterns for noun phrases. The main oldest sister is 2a shoes designer. 3The shoes of my sister are
noun is in bold. Notice its position in the two patterns. very beautiful. I often watch the 4channel fashion on TV. I love
the beautiful models. I have been to a few 5show of fashion
noun + noun a Nollywood film with my sister because she sometimes gets invitations. I also
(compound nouns) a film cameraman go shopping for clothes every week. Really, I spend too much
the film industry money because the 6clothes cost is quite high here and I
always have a big 7bill of card of credit at the end of the month.
a traffic jam
1 fashion industry
noun + preposition a work of art 2
+ noun the issue of stolen art 3
the latest DVDs of the Nigerian film 4
industry
5
an interest in modern art
6
7
Plurals
We usually only make the main noun plural.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
You get a lot of traffic jams in the city.
The present perfect continuous (have / has + been + -ing) is
The cameramen work very long hours.
used to talk about activities that started in the past and are
We are dealing with the issues around illegal copying. unfinished.
We’ve been rehearsing The Rite of Spring recently for a
Did you know? concert.
There are no clear rules about when you can make a I think she’s just tired because she’s been working so hard.
compound noun and when you have to use a prepositional
phrase. for and since
a gym member OR a member of a gym For is used to give an amount of time.
the film industry the industry of film I’ve been playing the trumpet for ten years now.
life quality quality of life. For the last few weeks, they’ve been showing a series on TV
You just have to notice common patterns and follow the rules based on the books.
above. Since is used to say when the period of time started.
I’ve been learning Turkish since 2012.
Exercise 1
I’ve been playing the violin since I was about twelve.
1 Match the noun phrases in the box with the correct We met at school and we’ve been good friends since then.
group of words below.
Verbs not in present perfect continuous
bookshelf life guard university gym Some verbs are generally used in the present perfect simple –
cookery book member of a gym war film not the present perfect continuous, e.g. be, believe, hate, like
friend from university quality of life world war and know.
1 watch a / make a / a long Exercise 1

2 experience a / fight in the / end the Write sentences in the present perfect continuous or
3 improve my / a good / reduce the simple with for or since, using the prompts below.
4 work as a / have a / call the 1 I / learn Chinese / I was eight.
5 put up a / be on the / fall off the 2 I / go to the gym every day / the last two months.
6 write a / buy a / a useful 3 They / be together / quite a long time.
7 Join the / go to the / do exercise in the 4 The Social Democrats / be in power / the last election.
8 become a / be a / a regular 5 He / live there / last year.
9 meet a / an old / visit a 6 I / try to find / a job / months.
2 Make the noun phrases from the box above plural, if 7 She / make amazing films / quite a while now.
possible. 8 I / not really like / much of her work / her first album.
’s / ’ DID YOU KNOW?
To show that something belongs to a person, animal or We use the present perfect continuous to talk about how
organisation, we generally use ‘s after a singular noun long – and to focus on the activity. We use the present perfect
(Andrew’s) or irregular plurals (children’s rights) and ’ after a simple to talk about how many – and to focus on finished
plural noun (my daughters’ school). We use a noun with ’s or ’ achievements in the time up till now. Compare:
instead of his, her, their, etc.
I’ve been phoning him all morning, but he’s not answering.
I met Andrew’s / his parents yesterday. (= how long)
Bigelow’s / Her best film is The Hurt Locker. I’ve phoned ten shops, but none of them had the book! (= how
It’s against Google’s / its policies. many)
I need to tidy the children’s / their room. They’ve been meeting since April to discuss the project.
My daughters’ / their English is very good. (= how long)
We’ve met several times before. (= how many)
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Choose the correct option. Rewrite each pair of sentences as one sentence, using a
1 El Sistema is a social programme in Venezuela. It aims to relative clause.
help children from poor backgrounds avoid problems like 1 Sertab Erener is a Turkish singer. She won the Eurovision
crime and drug addiction by teaching classical music. It has Song Contest in 2003.
been running 1for / since over 30 years and it 2has been .
producing / has produced several international stars, including 2 Storaplan is a very trendy area. There are lots of nice shops
and restaurants there.
the conductor Gustavo Dudamel. He 3is conducting / has
.
been conducting the National Youth Orchestra for the last ten
3 Sue Briggs was an English teacher. She persuaded me to go
years. Since 2007, Scotland 4has been having / has had a
to university.
similar scheme and many other countries are also considering
.
adopting the idea.
4 A campsite is a place. You stay there when you go camping.
2 Henning Mankell 1has been writing / is writing since the late .
1960s. He 2has started / started by writing plays, but then 5 Shostakovich was a Russian composer. He wrote some
became internationally famous through his crime novels. He amazing pieces of music.
3
has been winning / has won several awards for his books. In .
1985, he founded a theatre in Mozambique and 4for / since 6 Istanbul is a city. Europe and Asia meet there.
then, he’s been working there part-time. .
3 I’ve always 1loved / been loving the Eurovision Song Contest. 7 What do you call those machines? They do the washing-up
It’s great. I’ve been watching it 2for / since I was eight, when for you.
a rock band from Finland won. Apparently, they 3have been .
showing / have been shown it on TV every year since 1956 8 I need to buy one of those things. You wear it round your
and it is one of the longest-running TV programmes in the waist and keep money in it.
world. Abba and Celine Dion were both past winners. .
Must / Mustn’t
14 STUFF must and have to
When must means something is essential, you can also use
RELATIVE CLAUSES have to. Must often sounds stronger than have to.
We use relative clauses to add information about nouns. The What goes up, has to / must come down.
relative clause usually comes immediately after the thing / If you have to / must have soft drinks, buy them in recyclable
person / place it describes. plastic bottles.
I have a friend who lives near there. It’s a book that upset a I have to / must go to the shops. I’ll be back in a bit.
lot of people when it came out. You can’t use have to when must means ‘I imagine this is
Relative clauses begin with a relative pronoun. definitely true’.
For things, we use that / which. The packaging is biodegradable, so they have to must be OK.
For people, we use that / who. You must be tired after your journey.
For places, we use where. It must be a horrible job collecting rubbish, but I suppose
someone has to / must do it.
Exercise 1
Choose the correct option. mustn’t and don’t have to
1 That’s the woman which / who / where lives upstairs from me. Mustn’t and don’t have to mean different things. Mustn’t means
it’s essential not to do something. Don’t have to means it
2 It’s one thing that / who / where just really annoys me.
doesn’t matter if we do it or not – it’s not necessary.
3 That’s the shop which / that / where I bought my shoes.
People don’t have to mustn’t leave rubbish outside without a
4 He’s the guy which / who / where owns the whole factory. sticker on the bag.
5 English is the subject which / who / where I enjoy most. I mustn’t be late. My teacher’s already unhappy with me.
6 That’s the room that / who / where you get your lunch. I’m going to get up late tomorrow as I don’t have to go to
work.
DID YOU KNOW?
The relative pronoun replaces the noun / pronoun it refers to in Exercise 1
the relative clause. Don’t write both! Choose all the correct options.
The Boredoms are a group. The Boredoms are from Japan.
1 I must / have to rush. I’m late for class.
They have released about ten albums.
2 Oh, I must / mustn’t remember to go to the cash machine
The Boredoms are a group that The Boredoms are from Japan
and who they have released about ten albums. 3 We don’t have to / mustn’t forget to get your number before
you go.
I spoke to a woman. The woman was the manager.
4 I don’t have / mustn’t to be back at any particular time.
The woman who I spoke to her was the manager.
5 He must / has to be very pleased that he’s finally found a
You see that place. I used to work there.
job.
That’s the place where I used to work there.
6 I guess I’ll do the shopping, if I really must / have to, but I’d
rather not.
7 A: I’ve already been waiting for over an hour.
B: You must / have to be really fed up.
90101_18_GR_p166-186.indd 183 10/6/16 6:37 PM

Did you know? PRESENT TENSES IN FUTURE TIME
Mustn’t can sound quite strong, so we often prefer can’t or be CLAUSES
not allowed to.
We can talk about the future using time clauses that start with
People aren’t allowed to / can’t leave rubbish outside without
words like when, as soon as, before, once, after and until. The
a sticker on the bag.
future time clause can come first or second in a sentence. We
I’m afraid you’re not allowed to / you can’t eat food in here. generally use the present simple in these clauses.
You can pay half back when you have the money, OK?
Exercise 2
You’ll receive your new PIN number after you get the card.
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar
meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do In the main clause, we can use modals such as will and can, be
going to or imperatives.
not change the word given. You must use between three
and five words, including the word given. I’ll pay you back as soon as I get paid.
We won’t see any improvement until the economy gets better.
1 People must pay tax for throwing rubbish away.
I can help you with your homework as soon as I finish this.
People for throwing rubbish away. HAVE
When I leave school, I’m going to study Law at university.
2 You mustn’t leave rubbish bags on the street.
After you finish that, make me a cup of coffee.
You rubbish bags on the street. ALLOWED
3 I must remember to call him. As soon as (and once) show that one thing will happen quickly
after another thing.
I call him. FORGET
When shows we are sure that something will happen.
4 I imagine you’re very excited about going away.
Until shows something stops happening at this time.
You about going away. MUST
5 You aren’t allowed to enter the building without Exercise 1
showing your ID. Choose the correct option.
You the building without ID. CAN’T
1 I’ll email you when / until I get home tonight.
2 I’m not going to lend you any more until / after you pay me
15 MONEY the money you owe me!
3 After / Until this course ends, I’m going to visit my cousin in
the States.
TIME PHRASES AND TENSE 4 I’m not going to talk to him until / as soon as he apologises.
Present continuous currently 5 I’m staying late tonight. I have to finish this work before /
at the moment when I leave the office.
Present perfect simple over the last two years 6 We should book a hotel before / after we arrive in Paris. We
(and present perfect continuous) in the last few months arrive very late.
since last month / year 7 She’s still in hospital. As soon as / Until I hear anything, I’ll
be going to and will in a few days call you.
in two weeks’ time 8 My neighbours are going to look after our cat when / after
over the next few weeks we’re away on holiday.
used to or the past simple in the past 9 I’ll do it as soon as / before I have time, OK?
when I was younger
Exercise 2
when I was at school
Decide which five sentences are incorrect, then correct
Past tenses (not used to) last night / year them.
the other day / week
five days / years ago 1 We’ll obviously discuss the deal with everyone before we’ll
make a final decision.
Exercise 1 2 When you’re ready, tell me, OK?
Which time phrases from the box can be used to complete 3 We will can have something to eat when we get home.
each sentence? 4 After you’ll register, you’ll be able to access your account
online.
over the last five years in three months’ time 5 I’ll be OK for money when this cheque clears.
in two years the other week 6 I’ll come and visit you as soon as I’m feeling better.
last month when I was young 7 Inflation continues to rise until the government does
three months ago since last year something about it!
at the moment in the last six months
8 I will believe in UFOs until I see one with my own eyes!
1 Prices have gone up a lot …
2 Unemployment is falling …
3 They opened a new factory here …
4 There’s going to be a general election …
Exercise 2
Write sentences using the prompts below.
1 The prime minister / lose popularity / in the last year.
2 I / spend a lot more money / in the past.
3 I / get a loan from the bank / the other month.
4 The recession / get worse / at the moment.
5 They / invest more in schools / over the next five years.
6 He / lose his job / three years ago.
184
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Exercise 2
16 events Correct one mistake connected to articles in each
sentence.
ARTICLES 1 He died during Second World War.
the 2 I think it’s very important to study the history .
We use the to show we think it’s obvious which thing(s) we 3 Our friends have the lovely cottage in the Black Forest.
mean, and that there’s no other example. 4 I’m meeting the friend of mine later.
It’s the ninth largest country in the world. 5 One day I’d love to try and climb the Mount Everest.
(There’s only one ninth largest.) 6 My father is pilot, so he’s away from home a lot.
Islam was introduced by the Arabs … 7 The happiness is more important than money.
(There’s no other example of Arab people.) 8 I don’t like the eggs. I don’t know why. I just don’t.
... in the eighth century.
(It’s obvious which one they mean.) VERB PATTERNS
the Soviet Union -ing and infinitive with to
(There was only one Soviet Union.) When two verbs are used together, the second verb can
the only thing take the -ing form or the infinitive with to. The choice of form
(Only shows there’s no other thing.) depends on the first verb. There are no rules for this. You just
have to learn the patterns.
a / an Verbs which are usually followed by the -ing form include:
We use a / an to show a thing could be one of several avoid enjoy miss
examples, and it’s not important at this stage exactly which
can’t stand finish practise
one.
consider mind recommend
They share a border.
Verbs which are usually followed by the infinitive with to
(They have borders with several countries.)
include:
It’s an exporter of natural resources.
agree fail plan
(There are many exporters in the world.)
arrange hope promise
Texts decide offer refuse
Following the rules above, when we first introduce a noun in a
text we often use a / an. After that we use the to show we are Exercise 1
talking about the same thing. Choose the correct option.
There was a war during the 19th century. After the war a new 1 My sister offered taking / to take me shopping for my
government was established, but the government wasn’t very birthday last year.
popular. 2 I can still remember the day I decided becoming / to
become an architect. That was a big day for me.
Exercise 1
3 I’ve just finished writing / to write my second novel. I’m
Complete the short text with the, a or an. going out to celebrate!
I go to 1 school near my house. It was established in 4 I’ve got my Chinese exams next week, so I’m practising
the 19th century by a wealthy doctor and is one of 2 speaking / to speak as much as I can.
oldest educational institutions in 3 city. It was 5 I’ve promised taking / to take my girlfriend out somewhere
4
private school until 5 Second World War. tonight. It’s her birthday. Would you recommend trying / to
After 6 war, 7 state education sytem was try that place near the beach?
created and fees were ended. 6 If you can’t find anyone else to do it, I don’t mind working /
8
to work late tonight.
school is going to celebrate its 200th anniversary
7 I’ve arranged meeting / to meet a few friends in town later
next year. We’re going to have several events over 9 on tonight.
year, starting with 10 amazing party on 20th 8 I usually avoid working / to work weekends if I can help it.
September, which is 11 exact date the school My boss sometimes asks me, but I usually just refuse doing /
opened. 12 president of our region is going to attend. to do it. I need my time off!
Names Exercise 2
We use the with many kinds of names to show they are the Decide which seven sentences are incorrect, then correct
only example:
them.
The Soviet Union, The River Nile, The Hilton Hotel, The Bolshoi
Theatre, etc. 1 I’ve decided not going to university.
2 I thought we agreed not to talk about politics!
But for other kinds of place names we don’t use an article at all:
3 Do you mind to wait here for a few minutes?
Kazakhstan, Cuba, Europe, Asia, Oxford Street, Mount Fuji,
Lake Como 4 I don’t really enjoy to shop for clothes.
5 I spent nine months to travel round Africa.
Generalities 6 A friend of mine recommended coming here.
We sometimes use the to talk about the whole of a group of 7 I can’t stand going to office parties. I find them very stressful.
people or things. 8 I’m considering to look for work overseas.
Islam was introduced by the Arabs. 9 When I can afford to take some time off work, I’d really like
However, normally we don’t use any article when talking about to go to Peru.
things in a general way. We are talking about the whole / all 10 Sorry we’re so late. We stopped having lunch on the way.
examples of the thing. 11 Can you please stop to make so much noise?
The Islam was introduced by the Arabs 12 I must remember to buy some stamps later today.
The War is stupid and the people are stupid.
I don’t like the coffee.
90101_18_GR_p166-186.indd 185 10/6/16 6:37 PM

INFORMATION FILES
FILE 1
Unit 2, page 19 READING
JOCHEM KRISTIN
It was my son’s thirteenth birthday a few weeks ago. I My car had a problem so I ordered
decided to buy him a laptop. I looked at lots of different sites a new part online so I could repair
and did my research. In the end, I found a great one in a sale. it. The part was out of stock and
It was £225 – reduced from £300. I paid online and a few the company needed to get it from
days later, it arrived. I didn’t want my son to see it, so I put it somewhere else – but they forgot to tell me,
in my bedroom. On his birthday, I gave him his present. He so I waited and waited. After three weeks and
was so happy! He opened the box in a rush – and dropped maybe ten phone calls, it finally arrived. My
the laptop on the floor! Of course, it was so badly damaged it car is now fine, but the service was terrible,
didn’t work anymore! so I don’t recommend that website.
FILE 2
Unit 3 page 27 CONVERSATION PRACTICE
Student A
You want to go to the following places. Ask for
directions and mark the places on your map.
• the big department store
• a bank
• the football ground
• the town hall
• the station
186
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FILE 3 FILE 4
Unit 7 page 67 SPEAKING Unit 10 page 89 CONVERSATION PRACTICE
Student A Student A
You are the host. Either draw a plan of your own Your parents’ friends are going to Canada on holiday.
home or use your imagination and invent one. Think There will be two adults and two children – aged
about what you’ll say in the conversation, including fourteen and nine. They have seen an advert for
one or two comments you’ll make about some of the four-bed apartments connected to a hotel. They are
rooms or the other people you live with. Also, think of interested in going skiing in a place nearby and the
some offers you’ll make. adults want to spend some free time on their own.
Start the conversation by welcoming your guest like Ring the hotel in Canada and ask for information.
this:
(name of your guest)! Come in. Come in. How was
your journey?
FILE 5
Student A
1
The police caught some terrorists with nuclear Ask:
material. The police don’t know where it came Did you see the news about those
from. It’s not clear what they planned to do with it. terrorists with the nuclear material?
2
They’re going to build a new zoo in a city near Ask:
you. It’s going to cost around $3 billion. Did you hear about the zoo that they’re
going to build in … (say the place)?
3
It’s going to snow at the beginning of the weekend Ask:
and then it’s going to be cold and sunny. Did you see the forecast for the
weekend?
Information files 187
90101_19_IF_p187-191.indd 187 21/08/2015 15:23

FILE 6
Student B
You want to go to the following places. Ask for
directions and mark the places on your map.
• a bookshop
• the post office
• the police station
• the museum
• the ABC cinema
188
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FILE 7 FILE 9
Unit 15 page 135 CONVERSATION PRACTICE Unit 14 page 125 CONVERSATION PRACTICE
Student A Student A
You are from a country called Remonesia, which is
somewhere in South East Asia.
• Invent exactly where it is.
• Decide what the quality of life is like there and
give one or two reasons for this.
• Decide how the economy is doing and give one or
two examples.
• Say you are thinking of moving. Explain why.
FILE 8
Student A Student B
Act dialling a number.

Answer.
Ask for someone.
Explain they’re not there.
Leave a message.
Check contact details.
Leave details. Check
when they’ll be back.
Answer.
End conversation.
90101_19_IF_p187-191.indd 189 21/08/2015 15:23

FILE 10 FILE 11
Unit 7 page 67 SPEAKING Unit 15 page 135 CONVERSATION PRACTICE
Student B Student B
You are the guest. Think about what you’ll say in the You are from a country called Lidland, which is
conversation. In particular, decide: somewhere in northern Europe.
• how to describe your journey to the house / • Invent exactly where it is.
apartment. • Decide what the quality of life is like there and
• what you’ll give your host and why. give one or two reasons for this.
• two or three requests you’ll make. • Decide how the economy is doing and give one or
Then have a conversation with your partner. They two examples.
will start. • Say you are thinking of moving. Explain why.
FILE 12
Student B
You have friends who have found a hostel 20km
from Edinburgh in Scotland. They want to stay for
four days and go to the arts festival in the city. They
also want to go on a day trip round the Scottish
countryside. They are students and don’t want to
spend too much money.
FILE 13
Unit 7 page 64 READING
Student B
YOHANNES ELSIE
Until last year, I lived with my parents in the capital of Eritrea, My husband died three years ago after 50 years of
Asmara, but here everyone under the age of 50 has to do happy marriage and I decided that I didn’t want
military service, so now I’m living in a big base out in the to stay in our old house. It contained too many
desert. Luckily, we’re not at war with anyone at the moment, memories. I think it’s one of the best decisions I’ve
so I don’t have to fight. Mainly, we work on construction ever made. I’m now living in an old people’s home on
projects: helping to build roads and airports and factories and the south coast of England. I know they don’t have a
so on. I’m paid about $30 a month and I try to send most very good reputation, but my family looked at lots of
of that to my parents as I don’t have to buy much for myself places and chose very well.
here. Still, I worry about my parents because I was supporting I have my own room, which is very important, and
them more before. I don’t have to do anything I don’t want to. If I want
Officially, we have to do eighteen months in the army, but to spend the whole day in bed reading, I can. Having
some people have been here much longer. Actually, some said that, the home often organises nice trips out, and
of my friends decided to leave the country to avoid all this. of course I go and visit my family regularly. The staff
I understand them, but personally I hope I can help my here are wonderful: they’re always polite and they
country develop – and then go home to help my family again! treat us with respect. They look after us really well.
190
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FILE 14
Unit 11 page 99 Conversation practice
Student B
1
They have found a cure for the flu. It’s a new drug Ask:
that deals with 90% of all cases. It could save Did you hear about the new cure
thousands of lives. for the flu?
2
There’s going to be a storm this weekend. It’s Ask:
going to rain a lot and be very windy. Did you see the weather forecast
for the weekend?
3
The right whale is almost extinct. There are only Ask:
around 500 left in the wild. Scientists don’t know if Did you see the article about the
there are enough to survive. right whale?
FILE 15 FILE 16
Unit 11 page 101 Grammar Unit 14 page 125 CONVERSATION PRACTICE
Student B
1 Guards caught and arrested a pigeon in a jail. The

pigeon had carried drugs to prisoners at the jail.
Apparently, it had flown over 60 kilometres from one
prisoner’s home town.
2
Fishermen found a pet dog on a desert island. The dog
had disappeared when its owner was travelling on a
cruise. The dog had fallen into the sea and had swum
to the island. Fishermen who sail near the island found
the dog several weeks later. It had survived by eating
small animals.
3
A pet rabbit saved his elderly owners. The couple
hadn’t turned off the gas on their cooker properly and
the house was filling with gas. The rabbit detected the
smell, ran up the stairs and woke his owners, who
were sleeping.
90101_19_IF_p187-191.indd 191 6/29/16 12:03 PM

AUDIO SCRIPTS
TRACK 3
UNIT 1 1
TRACK 1 T = Tula, M = Martin
actor, engineer, journalist, lawyer, nurse, photographer, pilot, T: Hey Martin.
police officer, politician, sales manager, scientist, soldier M: Oh hi, Tula.
T: Are you busy?
TRACK 2 M: Well … kind of. I’m just answering some emails. Why?
1 T: Oh, I need a break.
A: So what you do? M: Why? What are you doing?
B: I’m an engineer. T: I’m trying to write something for marketing, but I’m finding it
A: Oh, right. Where do you work? difficult.
B: Well, I travel around quite a lot, actually. M: Oh, right.
A: Oh, OK. T: Do you want to go for a coffee? Maybe you can give me
B: Yeah, I’m working in Scotland at the moment – in Glasgow. some ideas.
They’re building a new sports stadium there and I’m working M: I don’t know. I’m meeting a customer at twelve.
on that. T: You have time!
A: Really? So where do you live, then? M: Yeah, but I need to finish these emails and I’ve got an
B: Well, in London most of the time, but I’m renting an appointment with the dentist at one.
apartment in Glasgow while I’m there. I usually come down T: So, you can answer your emails this afternoon.
to London every two weeks, if I can. M: Yeah, but I’m giving that presentation on Friday and I need
A: And do you enjoy it? to start preparing.
B: Yeah, it’s great. I don’t really mind the travelling and the A: So you need a break now!
money’s good. Plus, I don’t really have much time to spend it! M: Oh, alright. Where do you want to go?
A: Well, I guess that’s good, then. What are the hours like? T: Just to the place on the corner.
B: Oh, I usually work quite long hours. I mean, I often do a M: Hey, by the way, are you going to that training session
sixty-hour week. tomorrow?
A: Really? That sounds hard. T: No. What’s that?
B: No, it’s good and I get on really well with the other people I M: Time management. There was an email about it.
work with. T: Really? Maybe I missed it.
2 M: It said all the sales staff have to attend.
C: So, what do you do? T: Really. What’s it about?
D: Oh, I work for a small company back in Korea, but I’m M: The usual thing, I imagine – using your time more efficiently,
actually a student at the moment. making lists, deciding what your priorities are. Things you
C: Oh, OK. What are you studying? probably know already.
D: I’m doing a Master’s degree in Marketing. T: It’s probably a waste of time then.
C: Is that what you do in your company? Marketing? M: Almost certainly.
D: Yes, kind of. T: You ready?
C: So how long have you worked there? M: Yeah. Let’s go.
D: About two years now. 2
C: Only two years and they’re sending you to another country M = Mum, R = Rachel
to study! That’s fantastic!
M: Rachel? … Rachel? … Rachel!
D: Yeah, well, actually my father runs the company and he
R: What?
wants me to become the marketing manager.
M: I said it three times.
C: Oh, right. I see. So do you get on with the other people you
work with? R: I’m watching something!
D: Yeah, we get on OK, but it can be difficult sometimes M: I’m going. Can you do a couple of things for me?
because I’m the boss’s daughter, you know? R: Ohhhh. What?
C: Yeah, I can imagine. M: Don’t talk to me like that!
D: I sometimes feel like I have to work harder to show R: Just tell me what you want me to do. I’m trying to watch this.
everyone I can actually do my job. M: The washing machine’s on. Can you hang the clothes
C: I’m sure. outside?
R: OK.
M: And can you sort out your room. It’s a mess.
R: Ohhh. I’ll do it another day.
M: But you told me you don’t have classes today.
R: Yeah, but I need to study. I’ve got a test tomorrow. And I
need to finish a project before Thursday. And I’m meeting
Jane tonight.
192
90101_20_AUD_p192-212.indd 192 24/08/2015 08:16

M: Why can’t you meet her at the weekend? Or stop watching D: Thanks.
TV? You need to change your priorities, my girl. You’re C: Did you get any clothes, Keira?
nineteen, not a child! K: No, there were some really nice things, but I didn’t find
R: Mum! I have to relax too! I can’t work all day! anything that fitted me. Everything was either too big or too
M: I work all day and then do housework. small.
R: Yeah, but you get paid for your work. And anyway, you’re my
mum. That’s what mums do! TRACK 7
M: Is that right? did you What did you do?
R: I’m joking. did she Where did she go?
M: Well, I’m not. Please tidy your room! did it Did it take long?
R: OK. OK. were you Were you OK?
M: I’ll be back at seven. was it What was it like?
R: Oh! What time are we having dinner? I need to leave at were they Were they expensive?
eight.
M: I’ll get a pizza on my way home. TRACK 8
1 I love your ring. Where did you get it?
TRACK 4 2 That’s a great bag. Is it new?
/trə/, /drə/, /a:t/, /te/, /tɪ/, /dɪ/, /stei/, /sta:/, /drai/, /trei/, /ənt/, 3 Hey, cool phone! How long have you had it?
/end/ 4 I love your shirt. It’s a really nice design.
5 I like your boots. They look really comfortable.
TRACK 5 6 That’s a lovely jacket. It really suits you.
1 You need to make an appointment.
2 Staff only get very basic training. TRACK 9
3 It’s hard to keep good staff. 1 recommended
4 I need to pass a test in English. 2 delivered
5 I’m phoning because my train’s delayed. 3 ordered
6 She’s now the head of her department. 4 dropped
7 it depends on the day. 5 arrived
8 They really need to develop a new policy. 6 needed
7 loved
UNIT 2 8 decided
9 looked
10 returned
TRACK 6
11 wanted
K = Keira, C = Claire, D = Dan 12 opened
K: Did you have a nice weekend?
C: Yeah, it was good. TRACK 10
K: What did you do? 1
C: Oh, nothing much. I went for a walk with some friends round A: Is that all you have?
Sutton Park yesterday.
B: Yeah, it is.
K: Oh, nice. It was a lovely clear day.
A: Well, do you want to go first?
C: Yeah. It was a bit cold, but it was great. I was taking photos
B: Are you sure?
with my new camera.
A: Yes, of course. I have a lot to get.
K: That one? Let’s have a look. Wow! That’s really neat. Where
did you get it? B: Great. Thanks.
C: In Jessops in town. I’m really pleased with it. It’s really good 2
quality and it’s got quite a few different functions. C: Would you like it wrapped?
K: Really? Is it complicated to use? D: Um … what’s the paper like?
C: No, not really. There are a few things I don’t know yet, but C: It’s this green paper.
it’s OK. D: Hmm, it’s a bit plain. Do you have anything a bit prettier? It’s
K: Yeah. Well, the pictures look good and it’s nice and light as a special present.
well. C: Well, there’s quite a big selection in the stationery
C: Hmm, yeah. It’s cool, isn’t it? Anyway, what about you two? department. Do you want to choose something and bring it
Did you do anything? here and I’ll wrap it for you?
D: Yeah, we went shopping. D: Really? You don’t mind?
C: Oh, OK. Did you buy anything nice? C: Of course not.
K: Well, I got these earrings. D: Thanks.
B: They’re lovely! They look quite old.
3
K: Yeah, they are. I got them in a second-hand shop near here.
E: Yes Sir. How can I help you?
They’ve got all kinds of things there – books, CDs, clothes.
Dan got that jacket there. F: I bought this the other day and it’s damaged. When I got
it home and took it out of the box, I found the button was
C: Really? I love it. It looks really nice and warm.
loose and it’s damaged here. Look, you see?
D: Yeah, it is. It’s pure wool and it’s nice and thick. And it only
E: Are you sure you didn’t drop it or anything?
cost fifteen pounds.
F: No, of course not!
C: You’re joking! That’s fantastic. It really suits you as well. It’s a
great style and colour!
Audio scripts 193
90101_20_AUD_p192-212.indd 193 24/08/2015 08:16

E: It’s just that this kind of damage doesn’t happen unless you
do something. It’s not a manufacturing fault. UNIT 3
F: Honestly, when I got home I took it out of the box and it was
already damaged. TRACK 14
E: Have you got a receipt and the box?
1
F: I didn’t bring the box. I’ve got the receipt, though.
A: Listen, we’re obviously lost. Ask this guy here.
4 B: OK, OK. … Sorry. Do you speak English?
G: Is there anyone serving here? C: Sure.
H: Yes, but I don’t think you can pay here. B: Oh, great. Do you know the way to the museum from here?
G: That’s OK. I just want to find out if they have something in C: Yes, but it is far. It’s better to get a bus.
stock. B: OK. So how do we get to the stop?
H: Well, there was a guy here and he said he would be back in C: Go down this road. Take the second road on the right. Then
a minute, but that was ten minutes ago. cross, turn left and then left again and it’s directly opposite
G: Oh right. the town hall.
H: It’s typical! The service is always terrible here. B: OK, great.
G: Hmm. C: No problem.
H: Hatton’s is better really. Their service is much more reliable B: So did he say second right or second left?
and their things are generally better quality. A: I‘m not actually sure, you know. And what bus did he say we
G: Really? Well, why didn’t you go there? need?
H: Well, I do normally, but I saw in the window they had a sale B: No idea! Anyway, it’s down here somewhere, I think.
here.
G: Ah! 2
H: There he is! About time! B: It’s your turn. Ask that old lady.
I: Sorry. A: Excuse me. Is this the right bus stop for the museum?
H: That’s OK. D: Eh?
A: The bus? Brmm … To the museum?
5 D: Eh?
J: Excuse me. Do you have one of these in a smaller size? This A: To the museum?
one’s a bit big.
D: Eh?
K: I’m afraid not. That’s why they’re at a reduced price.
E: You want the number 67 bus.
J: Never mind, Timmy. You’ll grow into it.
A: Oh, thanks.
L: But I don’t like it.
E: You need to go over the road. This stop, it goes the wrong
J: Don’t be silly. You look lovely. It really suits you. way. Go over the crossing. It’s after the traffic lights there.
L: It’s not as nice as the other one we saw. A: I see it. Thanks.
J: That was much more expensive. This one’s fine. E: They come often.
L: It’s not fair. A: Thanks.
TRACK 11 3
/sə/, /ʃ/, /ɪ:s/, /st/, /ɪst/, /si:/, /ʃt/, /ʃən/, /sɜ:/, /vɪs/, /ʃɜ:/ A: Excuse me, sorry. Do you speak English?
F: Sure I do. How can I help?
TRACK 12 A: Do you know the way to the museum? Is it near here?
1 I missed the last class. F: Yes, quite near, but you got off at the wrong stop, really. Go
2 They increased sales. down this road until you come to a church. Then turn left. It’s
3 For the last several years … quite a big road. Then go past a monument and a football
4 Ask for a receipt. ground – and just keep going. It’s maybe half a mile. It’s on
the right. You can’t miss it.
5 We need to rush to the station.
B: I told you that was it! Why do you never listen to me?
6 Make sure you wear a smart shirt.
7 They’ve got a good selection of shoes. TRACK 15
8 They’ve got an efficient delivery service.
1 I was going to work the other day …
TRACK 13 2 The other day, I was coming home …
3 He was driving along the motorway …
1 It doesn’t really suit me.
4 She wasn’t looking where she was going …
2 Do you have anything a bit bigger?
5 It was late and we were trying to get to sleep …
3 It’s not as good as my old one.
4 What did you think of it? TRACK 16
5 I’m thinking of buying it.
6 I work late most nights. M = Mark, L = Lisa
M: And now, over to Lisa Verity for the travel news.
L: Thanks Mark. There’s not much good news, I’m afraid. For
many travellers today, getting anywhere could be difficult.
There are terrible problems in a lot of places out there at the
moment.
So, starting with the airports. Air traffic controllers in France
are on strike this week so expect a bit of trouble there.
Plenty of flights are delayed and quite a few cancelled
unfortunately. Not many planes can fly over France. Most
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have to fly a different route to avoid French air space. S: No. I’ve never heard of it. Where is it?
There’s not much hope of a deal any time soon, so any V: It’s about fifteen minutes’ walk from here. It’s just round the
passengers who are flying in the next few days should ring corner from the bus station.
their airline or check their airline’s website. S: Oh, OK. And what kind of restaurant is it?
Onto the roads … a truck crashed earlier this morning on the V: It’s Turkish. It’s really good. I’ve been there a few times.
A516 entering Milton Keynes and lost its load of fruit. Lanes S: Really? I haven’t ever had Turkish food.
in both directions are closed at the moment while police
V: You’re joking. You’ll love it. They do lots of grilled meat, but
try to clear up the mess – a big mess I would imagine too!
they also have a great selection of other dishes, so there’s
Avoid the area, if you can.
plenty to choose from.
Elsewhere on the roads, the M6 motorway between
S: It sounds great.
junctions 5 and 6 is completely closed for repair work. There
is a diversion, but you can expect some delays there all day. V: Yeah. The only problem is that it gets really busy, so
Traffic’s moving very slowly, so best to take other routes. sometimes you have to wait a while to get a table.
Large sections of the Northern Line in London are closed S: Oh right, well can we ring them to check they have a table?
today because of continuing repair work to renew the tube. V: I guess so. Let me see if I can find their number on my
A replacement bus service is in operation. phone.
Also on the underground, East Ham station is closed at
present because of a flood. This follows some heavy rain in TRACK 20
the area overnight. 1 Have you ever eaten anything unusual?
Better news elsewhere. The rail service between London 2 Have you ever been to an expensive restaurant?
and Birmingham is now running normally after a cow was 3 Have you ever complained In a restaurant?
removed from the line. 4 Have you ever found a hair in your food?
And I’m pleased to say that there aren’t any more problems 5 Have you tried any of Jamie Oliver’s recipes?
on the A6 now that the traffic lights are working again at the 6 Have you watched Masterchef?
crossroads with the B761. The traffic’s moving freely there.
Finally, one event tonight to tell you about. Just to remind TRACK 21
anyone travelling to Wembley for the big concert there –
there’s no parking in or around the ground. Police in the C1 = customer 1, C2 = customer 2, W = waiter
area will remove any cars parked there, so go on foot or 1
take public transport. W: How many people is it?
That’s all from me – back to you, Mark. C1: There are three of us.
W: And have you booked?
TRACK 17
C1: No. Is that a problem?
/krɒ/, /ɒk/, /kræ/, /graʊ/, /kjʊə/, /geɪ/, /kju:/, /ʌk/, /æg/, /ek/,
W: No, but do you mind waiting?
/aɪk/, /ɪg/
C1: How long?
TRACK 18 W: Maybe ten or fifteen minutes.
1 They lost my bags when I missed my connection. C2: OK. That’s fine.
2 Don’t forget to set the alarm clock. C1: Could I change the baby somewhere?
3 There was a crash at the crossroads. W: I’m afraid we don’t have any special facilities. You can use
the toilet. It’s not very big, though.
4 When we got to the gate it was closed.
C1: That’s OK.
5 There’s a big queue to go through security.
W: It’s just at the end there, down the stairs.
6 The game was cancelled because the ground was flooded.
7 The coach drivers are going on strike. 2
8 We got stuck behind a big truck. W: Is this table here OK?
C1: Yeah, this is fine. Thank you.
UNIT 4 W: Would you like a high chair for the little girl?
C1: That’d be great. Thanks. He’s actually a boy, though!
W: Oh, I’m so sorry! Anyway, here are your menus. I’ll get the
TRACK 19 chair.
S = Sarah, V = Victor 3
S: So Victor. Are you hungry? W: Are you ready to order?
V: Yeah, a bit. C1: Not quite. Could you just give us two more minutes?
S: Do you want to get something to eat? W: Yes, of course.
V: I’d love to, yeah. Where are you thinking of going? …
S: Well, there’s a really nice Thai place just down the road. C2: Right. OK. Could I have the grilled squid for starters,
Have you ever been there? please? And for my main course, I think I’ll have the
V: Yeah, I go there a lot. I actually went there yesterday. chicken.
S: Oh right. So maybe you don’t want to go there again today. W: Uh-huh, and what kind of potatoes would you like?
V: I’d rather not, If you don’t mind. And I actually don’t really C2: Roast potatoes, please.
feel like anything very spicy today. W: OK.
S: OK. No problem. I’m happy to go somewhere else. C1: I’ll go for the aubergines stuffed with rice for my main
V: There’s a nice seafood restaurant near the big department course, please. And the soup of the day? Does it contain
store. How about that? any meat? I’m vegetarian.
S: To be honest, I don’t really like seafood. I prefer meat. W: Yes. I’m afraid it’s got lamb in it.
V: Well, why don’t we go to Selale instead. Have you been C1: Oh, OK. Well, I’ll just have the tomato and avocado salad,
there? then. And could we get some water as well?
Audio scripts 195
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W: Of course. Sparkling or still? C: Hopefully about two.
C1: Just tap water, please, if possible. M: That’s OK, then. I’m not going to be up before eleven
W: Sure. anyway and I’ve brought my trainers, so I might go running.
C2: And could we have a small plate for our son? We’d like to Is there anywhere to go near here?
share our dishes with him. C: There’s actually an athletics track just down the road.
M: OK. To be honest, though, I’d prefer a park or somewhere
4
like that.
C1: Oh, dear – what a mess!
C: Hmm. There’s not much near here. I usually just run on the
C2: I’ll get the waiter. Er, excuse me. I’m really sorry, but could streets when I go.
you get us a cloth, please? My son’s dropped some water
M: OK. Well, I’ll see. Do you have any plans for us at the
on the floor.
weekend?
W: Certainly madam. I’ll just go and get one.
C: Well, a friend is having a party for his birthday on Saturday
C2: Thank you. night, if you’d like to go.
5 M: Oh great. You know I always like a dance!
W: Would you like to see the dessert menu? C: And the forecast is really good for Sunday, so we’re thinking
C1: I’m OK, thanks. I’m really full, but if you want something … of going for a walk in the mountains near here.
C2: No, no. I couldn’t eat another thing. It was lovely, though. M: Oh right. That sounds nice.
Could I just have a coffee, please? C: Yes, it’s great there. There’s a lovely river we can go
C1: Me too. Thank you. swimming in.
M: Oh right. Do you have any spare swimming gear? I don’t
6
have anything with me.
C1: Could we have the bill, please?
C: Yeah, I’m sure I can lend you something.
W: Yes, of course.
M: Thanks. Isn’t the water cold, though?
C1: Great. Thanks.
C: A bit, but you soon warm up.
C2: That’s very reasonable, isn’t it? Shall we leave a tip?
M: Hmmm. I must admit, I’m a bit soft. I like a heated pool,
C1: No, look. Service is included. myself.
C2: Wow. Then that really is good value for money. We should C: Honestly, it’s not so bad and the water’s really clear. It’s just
come here again sometime. beautiful with the mountains and everything!
TRACK 22 M: OK. So what time are you thinking of leaving?
C: Well, it’s two or three hours by car, so if we want to make the
/vju:/, /ɜ:v/, /fɪ/, /bɪ/, /pɪ/, /bʊ/, /pɔː/, /fæ/, /feɪ/, /ve/, /və/, /pɑ:/
most of the day, we need to leave early – maybe around
six o’clock.
TRACK 23
M: Six in the morning?!
1 The café has a very nice view over the park.
2 They serve the fish with boiled vegetables. TRACK 26
3 I didn’t have enough money to pay the bill. Last night I watched the big game in England between
4 Have you booked a table for four people or five? Manchester City and Chelsea. I was one of a billion people
5 There’s a typical French café opposite my apartment watching in places as far apart as Peru, Saudi Arabia and
building. Vietnam. Now, when football’s good, it can be amazing … but
6 They have half portions for kids. when it’s bad, it can be awful – and this game was maybe
7 Chips are bad for you because they’re high in fat. the most boring game I’ve ever seen. It was a nil-nil draw and
8 It’s a fixed price so fill your plates. almost nothing happened for the whole 90 minutes. Honestly,
it was terrible! Football’s the most popular sport in the world,
TRACK 24 but it’s hard to understand why when you watch a game
like that. Knowing that the players earn millions a year just
1 Could you get us a cloth?
makes it worse! So why do we watch when there are plenty of
2 Shall we leave a tip? alternatives? The Olympics features around thirty sports; other
3 Could you show me the way? countries have different national sports such as cricket; and
4 Would you like anything to drink? new sports are being created all the time.
5 Could I have the vegetarian option? Maybe the main reason is because football is the simplest
6 Shall we call a taxi? game to play. The basic rules are among the easiest to grasp
of any sport. In contrast, does anyone really understand the
rules of cricket? In addition, football doesn’t require expensive
UNIT 5 equipment. In fact, you need hardly any gear at all and on top
of that you need no real skill to play – who can’t kick a ball?
TRACK 25 So nearly everyone has played at least once in their life – and
of course once you’ve played a sport, you appreciate it more.
C = Corinne, M = Maribel Finally, football’s different every game. Last night’s game was
C: So what are you going to do while you’re here? boring, but next time Chelsea might win five-four, with a goal in
M: I’m just going to take it easy, Corinne. I guess I might go the last minute! You just never know.
shopping in the morning. You’re working tomorrow, aren’t
you? TRACK 27
C: Yes – and Saturday morning, I’m afraid. 1 It’s the simplest game to play.
M: Oh dear. 2 It’s not the easiest game to understand.
C: Yeah, I know. I’m sorry, but some important clients are 3 He’s the tallest person I know.
coming and I need to go and meet them at the airport and 4 She’s the fittest person I know.
make sure everything’s OK. 5 He’s the cleverest person I know.
M: Right. What time are you going to be back? 6 It’s the ugliest building in town.
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TRACK 28
P = presenter, C = Clare Ellis, K = Karen Miller,
UNIT 6
T = Professor Townsend TRACK 31
P: Perhaps like me, you spent hours drawing and colouring
things when you were young, but then just stopped. L = Laura, M = Maya, A = Anna
Personally, I can’t remember when or why, but I suppose I L: Maya.
felt it was childish and wanted more adult things – make-up, M: Hi Laura. Sorry I’m a bit late.
shopping, boys. So you might be interested to learn that one L: That’s OK.
of the biggest growth areas in publishing at the moment is M: How long have you been here?
colouring books for adults. These books have been around
L: Oh, not long. Ten minutes.
for a while, but in France they’ve become best sellers
thanks to some clever marketing, as book trader Clare Ellis M: Sorry. The traffic was bad.
explains. L: Are you looking for something?
C: Several of these books were actually first published in the M: Another chair. Oh … there’s one.
UK with only moderate success, but when French publishers L: So, who else is coming?
added ‘anti-stress’ or ‘art therapy’ to the titles, there was a M: My friend Anna from Poland.
dramatic increase in sales. Thirty-three per cent of French L: Oh yeah? How do you know her?
people have taken pills like Prozac for depression, so M: I met her on an exchange trip.
there’s clearly a big market for anything that helps reduce
L: Really? Why Poland?
stress.
M: There was some connection between the schools. Anyway,
P: Watching any child with pens and paper, you can see how
it was great and I got on really well with Anna. Here. I’ve got
the simple task of carefully filling in a pattern can completely
a picture of her on my mobile.
occupy their attention, and it’s that focus on the present
which Karen Miller – a lawyer and colouring fan – likes. L: OK.
K: Law is a very stressful occupation and it’s difficult to stop M: Here. She’s the girl on the right.
thinking about work, but colouring has really made a L: Oh wow! She’s very pretty.
difference for me. Some designs are very detailed and M: Yeah.
complicated, so you really need to concentrate, and I quickly L: So is she just visiting?
forget about everything else. It really helps me relax. I even M: No, she’s studying here.
sleep better. L: OK. Quite clever too, then.
P: And it’s not just colouring that’s coming back into fashion. M: Definitely. She’s one of those people who’s good at
In the States, there is a growing interest in making things – everything: studying, languages, sports … . We play tennis
everything from clothes to furniture to cakes. The sometimes, but she always beats me.
sociologist, Professor John Townsend, suggests why. L: How annoying!
T: I think the maker movement is a reaction against life being M: Isn’t it! No … she’s really nice. You’ll like her.
so commercial. We were sold the idea of retail therapy –
L: So, who’s the guy? Is that her boyfriend?
shopping as relaxation – but many people’s experience of
shopping is far from relaxing: it involves difficult decisions, M: No! That’s my brother!
debt and worrying about what others have. Making L: Really? You don’t look very similar.
your own things is the opposite: you follow a recipe or M: I know. He’s quite dark – but look at the nose and mouth.
instructions; it’s cheaper; and it involves sharing ideas and L: Let me see. Yeah, I guess. So what does he do?
helping each other. There’s nothing commercial about the M: He’s a nurse. He lives in the States.
outcome either – you’re not buying or selling it. It’s personal. L: Really? Why did he go there?
It’s yours. It’s you.
M: His wife’s from there.
P: Hmm, I’m not sure my baking or making are ‘me’, because
L: Really? He’s married? How old is he?
I’m awful at it – but anyway here in the studio to discuss the
rise of making, I have Professor Townsend, Karen Miller and M: 24.
a keen maker, Lisa O’Sullivan. Lisa, if I could ask you first … L: OK. That’s quite young.
M: I guess.
TRACK 29 L: Do you get on well?
/pleɪ/, /u:l/, /əʊl/, /læ/, /reɪ/, /træ/, /θru:/, /eɪl/, /əl/, /pəl/, /ləʊ/, M: Yes, we’re quite close. Although, obviously, I don’t see him
/treɪ/ very often now. We Skype a lot.
L: Right.
TRACK 30 M: I might actually go over there in a few months because
1 I play football every Friday in a local park. they’re having a baby.
2 There’s an Olympic-size swimming pool just round the L: Really? That’s great. A boy or a girl?
corner. M: A boy, apparently. My first nephew or niece.
3 The cycle race usually attracts lots of spectators. L: OK. So, Auntie Maya. Amazing.
4 I like to relax with my family at the weekend. M: I know.
5 I have to drive miles to get to the nearest athletics track. L: Do you have any other brothers or sisters?
6 He threw me his keys, but I dropped them down a hole. M: Just my little sister.
7 I bought these trainers in a sale. L: Is that the other girl in the picture?
8 The rules are simple and easy to follow. M: No, she’s a friend from my Spanish class.
A: Maya!
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M: Anna! How are you? We saved you a seat. Anna – I don’t TRACK 35
think you know my friend Laura. She’s a friend from work.
1 friendly and open
Laura, this is Anna.
2 fit and healthy
A: Nice to meet you.
3 calm and patient
L: Hi – I’ve heard a lot about you.
4 clear and confident
A: All good I hope!
5 strong and determined
TRACK 32 6 peace and quiet
1 Where do you live? 7 cooking and cleaning
2 Do you know anyone in this class? 8 more and more
3 How long have you known them? 9 bigger and better
4 Why are you studying English? 10 try and help
5 Have you studied in this school before? 11 go and see
6 Are you enjoying the class? 12 scream and shout
7 Did you have a nice weekend?
TRACK 36
8 What did you do?
/wɪər/, /gəʊ/, /weɪ/, /wiː/, /we/, /waɪ/, /kwəʊ/, /kwɪ/, /ɡən/, /eɪɡ/,
TRACK 33 /wɜː/, /ɡæ/
We have a wedding planning business which we’ve run for TRACK 37
almost twenty years now. I was a model when I was younger
and I did work for several wedding magazines, which is how I 1 We’re going away for the weekend.
first got interested in the business. I stopped modelling after I 2 I found a really funny quote on the web.
got married and had my two babies, but I never wanted only 3 His wife negotiated a special deal.
to be a mum and my husband was very supportive when I 4 We organised a quiz night.
decided to start my company. 5 It was a very vague answer.
I think he thought it would always be small – something like a 6 I need to go to work.
hobby – but it grew and grew – and eventually he left his job to 7 I want to go into the wedding business.
work with me as the finance director. We have three kids now 8 There’s a big age gap, but we get on very well.
and they’re all part of the business too. Even my little boy –
who’s only six – sometimes welcomes the guests. He’s so cute TRACK 38
in his little suit! The clients love him.
1 We might go running at the track.
I hope my daughter, Sophie, will take over the business
2 Is there a pool near here?
eventually. I think she combines the best of her parents. She
and I are both very determined – she doesn’t stop until she 3 Who’s the guy with the basketball?
succeeds at something! And then, she also shares her father’s 4 A friend from university is coming to stay.
head for figures. They’re both very good at negotiating prices, 5 How do you know each other?
whereas I think maybe my son, Jerome, is a bit too soft. He 6 I’m going to watch the game with some friends.
loves fashion and design, but I don’t think he has the business
skills. We’ll see.
TRACK 34
UNIT 7
Sophie: Yeah, the wedding business, it’s OK. I guess it’s nice TRACK 39
to do things together as a family. It means we’re pretty close,
1
I guess, and of course, we have nice things from the success,
but it is work and Mum can be quite strict sometimes. My A: Where are you from?
mum sometimes says things like ‘When you take over the B: Italy.
business, blah, blah, blah’ or ‘When I retire, you need to know A: Oh nice! Which part?
blah, blah, blah’, but I actually don’t want to run the business – B: Treviso.
none of us do! Well, I guess Ben might, but he’s only six. I A: Oh. Where’s that?
want to make a difference in the world. I want to become a B: It’s a small city in the north-east. It’s about 40 kilometres
scientist. Discover things. from Venice. So, say that’s Venice, OK? Well, Treviso is just
Jerome: Did she say I wasn’t interested? I suppose I’ve never here – to the north.
really said anything to her when we’ve talked, because she A: Oh, OK. So what’s it like?
gets so, kind of, angry about it. It’s easier just to agree. She’s B: It’s great. The centre‘s very old with some beautiful old
like my mum. They’re very strong characters. Neither of them buildings, but the city’s also quite modern. You know
take no for an answer. Me and Dad, we’re more the calm, quiet Benetton? The clothes?
types. Anyway, I love the business. I like the fashion and design
A: Yes.
aspect, but also you meet people, you make this amazing
special day for them. It’s so happy and romantic. And you can B: Well, Benetton’s based in Treviso.
make money from it. What’s not to like? Of course I’d like to run A: Oh wow! OK. So where do you live? In the centre?
the company. B: Not exactly, but everything is quite near. It’s small – only
eighty thousand people. And it’s easy to get round. I live
near the river and you can walk along the banks, which is
nice. There’s a nice park too.
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Conversation 2 O: You can just leave your bag and things over there for now.
C: So, where are you from Chuck? M: OK. Is it OK if I take my shoes off?
D: Texas. I: Sure. Go ahead. You don’t have to, though.
C: Whereabouts? M: I’ve brought some – what do you call them? House shoes? …
D: I doubt you’ll know it. It’s a little town called Harlingen. It’s I’ll find them … .
right in the south – by the Mexican border. I: Oh – sure. Slippers.
C: Yeah, I know it. In fact, I’ve been there! I have a friend who M: Oliver, I also bought you this. It’s a traditional knife from
lives in Port Isabel. Uzbekistan – it’s called a pichok. And Mrs Isabel, this is a
D: Port Isabel! Wow, that’s real close. So what did you think of special hat – very traditional in my country.
Harlingen? I: Gosh – thank you.
C: Yeah, it was lovely. I mean, it’s a bit quiet, but for a holiday it M: And your son?
was great. I: He’s sleeping.
D: When were you there? What time of year? O: How did you get this through security?
C: February, but the climate’s lovely. It’s so warm. We went to M: Oh, it’s not hand luggage.
the beach quite a lot. O: Doh. Of course. Ow! Wow, it’s sharp!
D: Sure. M: Yes – yes.
C: And we took a boat along the coast a couple of times and O: I think I’ve cut myself.
went fishing.
M: Oh yes. So sorry.
D: Did you catch anything?
O: No, don’t be silly. It’s amazing, thanks.
C: Not much, but it was just nice to be on the sea.
I: Would you like a cup of tea or something to eat, Maksim?
D: So what’s your friend called?
M: No, no, thank you. I’m fine. Maybe just some water.
C: Harry Dancey.
O: Sure. Come through to the kitchen.
D: You’re kidding me! Skip Dancey? I went to high school with
M: Thanks.
him!
I: Are you sure you’re not hungry?
C: No! Really? What a small world!
M: No really. I ate on the plane, but er … do you mind if I
3 smoke?
E: Where are you from? O: Well, actually, I’d rather you didn’t inside. Isabel goes
F: Oman. outside.
E: Oh, OK. Oman. I’m really sorry, but where is that exactly? I: To be honest, it’s better – it means I smoke less. I’m trying to
My geography isn’t very good. give up.
F: It’s in the Middle East – on the Indian Ocean. So imagine M: Of course – no problem. I’ll go now, if you don’t mind.
you’ve got Saudi Arabia here and then the UAE – the United I: You can go in the garden, if you like. The door’s here.
Arab Emirates – is up here and Oman goes down here to M: OK, great, great.
the right.
E: Oh, OK. I think I know where you mean. And where do you TRACK 42
live? 1 A: Do you mind if I open the window?
F: In the capital, Muscat – in the north of the country. B: No, of course not. It is quite hot, isn’t it?
E: Oh OK. And what’s it like? Is it a big city? 2 A: Do you mind if I use your computer?
F: Yes, quite big – it’s about a million people and it spreads B: No, of course not. One minute. I’ll just log off.
along the coast. 3 A: Do you mind if I borrow your phone for a minute?
E: Oh, sounds nice. B: Actually, I’d rather you didn’t. I don’t have much credit.
F: It is. It’s beautiful because you have the sea and the 4 A Is it OK if I leave class early today?
mountains behind. And it’s a very exciting place because
B: Yes, of course. Just make sure you do your homework.
lots of people from different countries live there and, you
know, there’s lots to do there. 5 A: Is it OK if I close the window?
B: Yes, of course. It is quite cold, isn’t it?
TRACK 40 6 A: Is it OK if I leave these papers here?
1 We can walk there in ten minutes. B: I’d rather you didn’t. I’m trying to tidy up.
2 Do you have to pay extra for the bills?
3 Friends can stay at my house if they want to.
TRACK 43
4 She doesn’t have to do any housework at all! O: Oh gosh. Sorry. I forgot to tell you about Boris. Did he
scare you?
5 I have to help with all the cooking and cleaning.
M: A little.
6 I can’t talk to her.
O: He won’t bite you. I promise. He’s very friendly.
TRACK 41 M: I’m sure, but maybe I’ll go out the front next time.
O: Sorry.
I=Isabel, O = Oliver, M = Maksim
I: Let me show you around the house.
O: Hi there Maksim. Come in, come in.
M: OK, yes. thanks.
M: Oliver, good to meet you finally.
I: So you’ve seen the garden, and obviously this is the kitchen.
O: This is my wife Isabel. Please help yourself to food.
I: Welcome. Nice to meet you. How was your journey? M: Could I use the washing machine while I’m here?
M: OK, but very long. I: Oh, I’ll do it for you if you like.
I: I can imagine. Anyway, you’re here now. Do you want me to M: Oh really? Are you sure?
take your coat?
I: Absolutely.
M: Oh, yes. Thank you.
M: Thanks
Audio scripts 199
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I: So this is the living room. You’re welcome to watch TV. B: Year eleven.
Although you’ll probably have to watch repeats of The Big A: So how long have you got left?
Bang Theory as that’s all my son Theo seems to watch – or B: Well, if it all goes well, I’ll have two more years.
play video games. A: What are you going to do when you finish? Have you got
M: Oh right. Like my little brother. And here? any plans?
I: Oh, that’s Oliver’s study, but we won’t go in there. It’s a B: Well, if I can save enough money between now and then, I’ll
mess! So come up the stairs. The toilet’s in here. It’s a bit, er, try and take a year off. Dad doesn’t want me to, though.
funny. Look – you need to press quick for the water … Like A: No?
this.
B: No, he just wants me to stay in the system and go straight
M: Oh right. OK. Quickly. to university and study Business or something and graduate
I: This is the bathroom. We just have a shower. It was actually and become just like him.
installed last month. A: Yeah, well. He’s probably just worried about you.
M: Very nice. Do I use this? B: Yeah, right. Whatever!
I: Yes. There’s only one bathroom. We share it.
M: Oh, OK. So is it OK if I have a shower in the morning? 2
I: Of course. I’ll get you some towels in a moment. Just go in if C: So what course are you doing, Pep?
it’s free. There’s a lock on the door. OK, this door is our room D: Pure Maths.
and that’s Theo’s. C: Wow! OK. That sounds hard.
M: How old is he? D: Yeah, it can be, but I’m really enjoying it. To be honest, the
I: Sixteen. most difficult thing for me is doing the whole degree in
M: Oh yes? Like my baby brother. He’ll remind me of home. English, but my tutors are great. Everybody has been very
helpful.
I: I hope not. He’s very messy, too.
C: What year are you in?
M: Oh really? No. I think my brother is quite tidy. My mother is
very strict with him. D: My third, unfortunately. I’ve got my finals next April!
I: Yes, maybe I’m too soft. C: Oh, OK. Well, good luck!
M: Oh, no. I didn’t mean … I’m sure you are a very good mother. D: Thanks!
I: I try. So this is your room. C: What are you going to do after you graduate? Any plans?
M: Oh, it’s so lovely. D: Well, if I get the grades I want, I’ll probably do a Master’s
somewhere.
I: So, you can use these drawers and there’s space in the
wardrobe to hang some things. C: Oh, OK. What in? The same subject?
M: OK. D: Maybe. I’m not sure. I’m thinking of maybe doing
Astrophysics, actually.
I: I think you’ll be warm enough, but I can get you a blanket if
you want. C: Oh, right. Have you applied anywhere yet?
M: Oh, no. I’ll be fine. It was minus six degrees in Tashkent this D: No, I haven’t, actually – not yet. But I probably will in the
morning. next few weeks.
I: Minus six? Wow. I’m sure you will be OK then. 3
E: So, did you go to university, Dhanya?
TRACK 44 F: Yes, I did. The Paul Cézanne University in Marseille. It’s one
/æ/, /aː/, /aɪ/, /mæ/, /maː/, /maɪ/, /bæ/, /faː/, /faɪ/, /kæn/, /kaːn/, of the oldest universities in France.
/kaɪn/ E: Oh, OK. What did you study?
F: International Law.
TRACK 45 E: And did you enjoy it?
1 You can cycle along the path by the river bank. F: Yes, up to a point, I suppose, but to be honest, it was quite
2 The climate’s warm and the people are kind. theoretical. It wasn’t very practical and I think I’ve learned
3 My family have a farm where they grow rice. much more since I started working.
4 It’s a financial centre where many banks are based. E: I know what you mean! I mean, I left school at sixteen and
5 It’s a large island off the south coast of France. started working straight away. To begin with, I did lots of
6 I don’t mind travelling, but I prefer to stay at home. horrible jobs, but I learnt a lot as well and it made me hungry
7 I can’t find it on a map because it’s so tiny. for success. I was running my own business by the time I
was 22. I’m not sure many university graduates can say the
8 There’s a market in the square on Fridays.
same!
F: You can’t beat the university of life, eh?!
UNIT 8 TRACK 48
TRACK 46 I = Interviewer, R = Rebecca
design, economics, geography, graduate, history, interested, I: So, how did you find school when you came here?
nursery, primary, secondary, university R: A bit mixed. I made friends quickly. I knew a bit of Spanish
and people were friendly, but I remember that to begin
TRACK 47 with, my brother just stood in the corner of the playground
watching everyone play. It was sad!
1
I: But he made friends in the end?
A: So, how’s school, Ollie? Your father told me you’re doing
well. R: Yeah.
B: It’s OK, I suppose. Some bits are good. I: So you spoke Spanish?
A: Yeah? What are your favourite subjects? R A bit, but in class I couldn’t understand very much. It was
horrible.
B: Spanish and art. And history’s OK as well.
A: And what year are you in now?
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I: Did you have to do extra Spanish classes? TRACK 51
R: Not really. There was another girl in the class who spoke 1 They rejected my application for university.
English so she translated a lot at the beginning. Then Mum
2 We need to change our traditional approach.
and Dad helped me at home with my homework. And, oh my
gosh, we have to do so much here! 3 You need to challenge students to succeed.
I: Really? 4 Did you check your work after you finished?
R: Yeah – I remember really crying about it when I first came 5 All children have religious education in primary school.
because we didn’t have to do much in primary in England 6 I have to do a project before I can graduate.
– a bit of reading or something. Even now my friends 7 The website has a jobs section for teachers.
in England complain when they have to do 45 minutes 8 You can’t mention some subjects in conversation.
in secondary school, but I often have two hours – and
sometimes study for tests on top of that. TRACK 52
I: OK. So are classes different? 1 I’ll do it in a minute.
R: Primary was. For some reason, I did the last year of primary 2 Is it OK if I use it?
here, although I’d already done it in England. Maybe it 3 It won’t happen.
was because they have five years of secondary school in 4 Sorry, I had to leave early.
England, but there are only four here. Sorry, what was the
5 I couldn’t hear anything.
question?
6 I’ll let you know.
I: Are classes different?
R: Oh yeah. Basically, in primary in England we had the same
teacher all day, but here we changed teachers. I liked some,
but some – like Don Miguel – were really boring! Sometimes
UNIT 9
we just had to copy from the book. We didn’t use textbooks TRACK 53
much in England and we did more projects and arty things.
I: Right. So which do you prefer? 1
R: It’s difficult to say. Now I’m at instituto … A: Hi, how are you?
I: Instituto? B: Not very well, actually. I think I have the flu.
R: Sorry, secondary school. We finish at two o’clock every day A: Oh no! You poor thing! Are you sure it’s not just a cold?
and then we get almost three months off in the summer, B: It might be, I suppose, but it doesn’t feel like it. I’ve had it for
whereas in England my friends finish at four and they only a few days now. I just feel really weak and tired all the time
get six weeks’ summer holiday. I chat to my friends in and my muscles ache a lot.
England still or read their updates on Facebook and they A: That sounds horrible. Maybe you should go home and get
say school is boring too, and they get stressed with exams some rest.
and stuff, but then they have this thing here, where if your B: Yes, maybe you’re right.
teacher fails you in some subjects, you have to repeat the
A: No-one will thank you if you stay and spread it!
whole year! I don’t like that stress.
B: That’s true. Could you tell Mr Einhoff I’m sick?
TRACK 49 A: Yes, of course.
You hear politicians and parents here saying education is bad, B: Oh, and could you give him my homework?
but you get the same complaints in Britain, where there are A: Yeah, of course.
generally more resources. Parents send their kids to private B: Thanks.
schools or move house to be near good state schools. A: No problem. Well, you take it easy and get well soon.
From what Rebecca says, her teachers here are generally more B: I’ll try! Bye.
traditional in the way they teach, but I don’t mind that. Students A: Bye. See you.
probably learn to listen and concentrate better. Anyway, no
method’s perfect. There’s good and bad everywhere. Luckily, 2
Rebecca’s very responsible and she has some great teachers. D: Atchoo!
She’s happy and the school has a good atmosphere, small C: Bless you!
classes, and there’s no violence or bullying – that’s the most D: Oh! I am sorry! That’s the fifth time in as many minutes!
important thing. And if we stay, university will be much cheaper C: That’s OK.
here. Fees in England are very high, even though nearly all D: I always get like this at this time of year! It’s awful, because
universities are state run. I hate winter, but then as soon as the sun comes out, I can’t
The only policies I really don’t like here are textbooks and stop sneezing! And my eyes get really sore as well. I really
holidays. I spend 400 euros on books every year. In Britain, want to rub them, but that just makes them worse!
they’re free. Schools buy the books and the students borrow C: Oh, that sounds horrible. Are you taking anything for it?
them. And the summer holidays here are too long when you D: Yes, I went to the chemist’s last year and they recommended
both work! When we were in the UK, my wife and I could these pills so I take four of these every day, and they help,
organise our holidays to be at home with the kids most of the but they don’t stop it completely.
time, but here it’s impossible!
C: Well, why don’t you get some sunglasses to protect your
eyes a bit?
TRACK 50
D: That’s not a bad idea, actually … but I think I might feel a bit
/dʒə/, /tʃe/, /tʃeɪ/, /dʒɒ/, /ʃən/, /tʃɪ/, /ɪʃt/, /ɪdʒ/, /ɪːtʃ/, /əʊtʃ/, funny walking round in sunglasses all day!
/tʃæ/, /dʒu/
C: Yeah, I know what you mean, but maybe you ought to try it.
You never know. It might work for you.
D: Well, maybe if things get really bad.
Audio scripts 201
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TRACK 54 F: Don’t worry. It was very stupid!
1 It’s just a question of mind over matter. E: Nurse, could you dress the burn after I’ve done these
stitches?
2 What’s the matter?
G: Of course.
3 I don’t mind.
4 It doesn’t matter. TRACK 56
5 Never mind.
/bli:/, /fi:/, /ni:/, /bre/, /swe/, /be/, /he/, /tʃe/, /peɪ/, /reɪ/, /eɪk/,
6 To make matters worse … /feɪ/
7 You don’t mind?
8 I’ve got a lot on my mind. TRACK 57
9 That’s a matter of opinion. 1 My eyes ache and I need to sleep!
2 I can’t bend my knee very well.
TRACK 55 3 She was bleeding from her head.
1 4 Can you take a deep breath for me, please?
A: Are you OK? 5 These shoes really hurt my feet.
B: Hic! Yeah, I’ve just got hiccups. Oh gosh! Hic! It’s really 6 I had a terrible pain in my chest.
annoying. 7 Raise your head and face me, please.
A: Here. I know a cure. It never fails. 8 The bed was wet with sweat.
B: Hic.
UNIT 10
A: Take some water in your mouth, but don’t drink it.
B: Mmm.
A: Now put your fingers in your ears. Bend down and put your
head between your knees and swallow the water slowly. TRACK 58
B: Mmmm? R = receptionist, D = David
A: Swallow the water! R: Hillborough Hotel.
B: Mmm. D: Oh, hello. I’m ringing on behalf of a friend. He wants some
A: OK. You can breathe now. Have you still got them? information.
B: Um, no. No, I don’t think so. R: Sure. What would you like to know?
A: You see. It works every time. D: Um, well, do you have any triple rooms?
B: Maybe, but I wouldn’t want to do it in public! People would R: I’m afraid not. We only have doubles.
think I was mad! D: Oh, right. Is it possible to get a double with an extra bed?
2 They have a small kid.
C: Yes. Can I help you? R: That should be possible.
D: Yes, I would like something for a bad stomach, please. D: And how much would that be per night?
C: Does it hurt or have you been sick? R: For the room, that’s 110 euros per night, with a supplement
for a child’s bed.
D: Not sick. It’s more gas. It’s uncomfortable.
D: Sorry. Does that include the cost of the extra bed or not?
C: OK. It sounds like indigestion. It’s after you eat, right?
R: It does include it, yes.
D: Yes.
D: And breakfast is included too?
C: And you’re going to the toilet normally? No diarrhoea?
R: I’m afraid not. It’s 125 with breakfast. What dates are they
D: Diarrhoea? No.
thinking of coming?
C: OK, so I think these are what you need. They’re indigestion
D: Um, Tuesday the twelfth to the seventeenth of August.
tablets. You mix them with water and drink them after your
meals. They’re the most effective, I think. R: OK. Let me just check our availability. Hmm, I’m afraid
we’re fully booked that weekend on the sixteenth and
D: OK.
seventeenth.
C: What flavour would you like? Orange or blackcurrant?
D: And what if they came the previous weekend?
D: Oh, orange.
R: Saturday night no, but from Sunday through to Friday we
C: That’ll be 4.25. Don’t take more than four tablets a day –
currently have rooms available.
and if they don’t deal with the problem, consult your doctor.
D: So that’s the tenth till the fifteenth – including Friday night?
D: OK. Thanks. I will.
R: That’s correct.
3 D: OK. I’ll need to check with them about that. And just a
E: The burn’s not too bad. We’ll give you some cream for it, but couple of other things.
you’ll need some stitches in that cut. It’s quite deep. What R: Sure.
happened? D: They’re thinking of hiring a car. Can they get any reduced
F: Well, I cut my head dancing with my son. rates if they book through the hotel?
E: I’m sorry? R: They can, actually. We have a partnership with a local hire
F: I was dancing with my five-year-old son and I stepped on firm. The cost starts at 25 euros a day.
one of his toys and I fell and hit my head on the side of the D: OK. Great. Do you have parking at the hotel?
table. R: There is a car park, which is 20 euros a day, and there is
E: Oh dear. What about the burn, then? some street parking nearby.
F: Well, my wife came in when she heard me shout and while D: Right. OK. Well, I think they’re travelling around Ireland after
she was helping me stand up, she knocked a cup of coffee Dublin, so maybe they could hire the car later in the week.
off the table and it went all over my leg. R: Of course, whatever suits them.
E: Oh dear. I am sorry. I shouldn’t laugh! D: OK. Let me just talk to my friends. Could you tell me your
name for when I call back?
202
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R: Yes, it’s Jackie, but any of my colleagues can deal with the M: What Lady Zaza wants, Lady Zaza gets.
booking. R: Would it be OK if the cat was a different colour?
D: Oh wait, sorry – one last thing. Will they need to make a M: No. It needs to match the colour of the flowers. Oh, and one
payment when they make the booking? last thing. Can she get a wake-up call at four a.m., please?
R: Yes, we’ll need to take a 10% deposit on a credit card. She’d like to use the gym.
D: So if for whatever reason they didn’t come, they’d lose that R: Well, the gym doesn’t usually open until six, but I’m sure we
money? can organise something for her.
R: I’m afraid so. The complete payment is made on arrival. M: Great. That’s it for now. Oh, wait. Just one second. She’s
D: OK. Thanks. saying something.
L: They did it again! You’ve got to do something!
TRACK 59 M: Yeah, OK. OK. Hello?
R = receptionist, C = Customer R: Yes, hello.
R: OK, so can I take your credit card details for the deposit? M: Lady Zaza can hear the people downstairs. They’re talking
C: Sure. or watching TV or something and she wants them to be
moved.
R: What kind of card is it?
R: Moved? I’m afraid that’s just not possible.
C: Visa.
M: Sure it’s possible. You’ve got hundreds of rooms in this
R: And the name on your card?
place.
C: Mr D E Gwaizda. That’s G – W – A – I – Z – D – A.
R: I know, but I’m afraid we’re fully booked. We don’t have any
R: OK. That’s an unusual name. other rooms available.
C: Yeah, it’s Polish originally. M: So you’re telling me you can’t move them?
R: OK. And the card number on the card? R: I really would move them, if I could, but I’m afraid it’s
C: 1003 6566 9242 8307. absolutely impossible. I’m terribly sorry.
R: And the security number on the back of the card – the last M: Well, that’s just not good enough. I’d like to talk to the
three digits there? manager.
C: 718. R: She’s not here at the moment, I’m afraid, but I’m sure that if
R: And the expiry date? she was, she’d tell you exactly the same thing.
C 06 17 M: Is that right?
R: And can I just take a contact number in case there are any R: I’m afraid so, yes.
problems? M: OK. Well, I’ll tell her … but she’s not going to like it.
C: Sure. 0044 796 883 412.
TRACK 62
TRACK 60 1 I never used to like camping.
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z 2 I used to do judo when I was younger.
4 He used to smoke quite heavily when he was younger.
TRACK 61 5 I used to have really long hair when I was at college.
R = receptionist, M = manager, L= Lady Zaza 6 It never used to be crowded before.
R: Hello. Reception.
M: Hi. I’m calling on behalf of Lady Zaza, in the presidential TRACK 63
suite. /rʌʃ/, /hɒl/, /lʊk/, /puːl/, /mʌn/, /pɒ/, /bʊk/, /luːz/, /dʌb/, /hɒs/,
R: Oh, yes. It’s a real pleasure to have her in the hotel. /kʊd/, /ruːm/
M: Yeah, well, there was no way we could stay in that last place.
The service there was a joke! TRACK 64
R: Well, I hope everything’s OK with our rooms. We really didn’t 1 Could I make a booking for Friday?
have much time to prepare them. 2 We don’t want to lose our deposit.
M: Yeah, everything’s fine, basically, but there are just a couple 3 I never used to like group holidays, but now I do.
of things she’s asked for. 4 Could I have a look at your book?
R: OK. 5 How much money did you spend?
M: Well, first, can you ask room service to send some fresh 6 I spent the whole week by the pool.
flowers to the room? Lady Zaza enjoys arranging them. 7 I’d like to book a double room.
She’d like a hundred bunches of red flowers and eighty 8 I lost my toothbrush somewhere in the hostel.
bunches of white.
R: Certainly. I’ll send someone up with them in a minute. TRACK 65
M: And tell them to bring more of her favourite chocolates too, 1 Where would you go if you could go anywhere in the world?
please. And please remember to remove the ones with nuts. 2 I never used to enjoy camping, but I’ve grown to really
She’d be very ill if she ate one by mistake. And the hotel love it.
wouldn’t want that.
3 Don’t have any more of that coffee if you want to sleep
R: Absolutely not. I’ll make sure they’re taken out. tonight!
M: She’d also like the light bulbs in her room changed. She said 4 I don’t think you should worry too much about it.
it’s too dark.
5 I used to get terrible nosebleeds, and then one day they just
R: Oh … of course. stopped!
M: And can you bring her a kitten? 6 I’d never go to work again if I didn’t really have to.
R: Er, a kitten?!
M: Yeah. Stroking it helps her relax. She wants a white one.
R: I doubt I can find one …
Audio scripts 203
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TRACK 68
UNIT 11 P = presenter, S = scientist
TRACK 66 P: OK. So the first question from listener Mary Martin is based
on a recent news story: Are there crime genes?
1 S: Well, yes and no. First, remember we share 50% of our
A: Did you read this article about bees? genes with bananas, but you wouldn’t say humans were
B: No. half banana! There are studies that have found some violent
A: They’re all dying, for some unknown reason. criminals share a particular gene. But, BUT, this is one of
B: Really? That’s terrible! many, many factors. Many people have the gene, but aren’t
violent. Violence and crime can be learned. Home life,
A: I know. It’s really bad news because we really depend on
culture, war, even the environment and pollution can be
bees. If bees become extinct, we won’t have any fruit or
factors.
vegetables.
P: OK. Something rather different now. Yevgeny from Russia
B: I hadn’t thought about that. They should do something –
asks: How do spiders walk on ceilings?
fund research or something.
S: OK, right, yes, well researchers have discovered that
A Absolutely.
spiders’ feet are covered in hairs. But then each hair is also
2 covered in hundreds of thousands of tiny hairs, each about
C: Did you see the forecast for tomorrow? an atom wide. Basically, when these tiny hairs move next to
D: No. the atoms of the ceiling material, it creates a small electric
C: It’s going to be nice – really hot and sunny. charge so the hairs and ceiling atoms are attracted to each
other. It’s a bit like how you can rub a balloon on your hair,
D: Really? That’s great!
then stick it to a wall. The spider has so many hairs, the
C: I know. It’s good. It’s been so wet and windy recently. attraction is quite strong – strong enough to hold 100 times
D: We should go out, then – go to the beach or somewhere. the weight of the spider.
C: Yeah, that’s a good idea. P: Right, well, from some very thin hairs to Graphene and
3 Jamie Seguro’s question: What is Graphene?
E: Did you hear what they want to do in Morovia? S: Graphene, OK. Well, this is probably the most important
F: No. What? discovery of the last 20 years.
E: It said on the news that they’re going to pull down a lot of P: Really? So what is it and who discovered it?
the horrible houses they’ve built along the coast and create S: It’s the world’s thinnest material. It’s just one atom thick, and
a national park instead. it was discovered by two Russian scientists working at the
F: Really? That’s great. University of Manchester. The first amazing thing is, it’s very
easy to find, because it’s basically a very, very thin layer of
E: I know. It’s good news.
the stuff in a pencil.
F: They should do more to protect the countryside here, too.
P: What, a normal pencil?
E: Definitely. We need more green spaces.
S: Yep. That stuff is called graphite. Basically, you take some
4 graphite and put it on some sticky tape – normal sellotape.
G: Did you see they’ve discovered a new way to kill the Then you take some more tape, press it on the graphite. If
mosquitoes that spread malaria? you peel this tape away, some layers of graphite come off.
H: No. And if that process is repeated a few times, it eventually
leaves a layer one atom thick.
G: Yeah, it said it could save millions of lives.
P: So can you see it?
H: Really? That’s great.
S: Not without a microscope, no, but even though it’s so thin
G: I know. It’s really good.
Graphene is incredibly difficult to tear: it’s the strongest
H: It makes a change to hear some good news. material we know. But then because it’s thin you can bend it
G: Absolutely. easily. And it’s really, really good at conducting electricity –
much better than the wires that are used in our home or the
TRACK 67 chips in computers.
1 Really? That’s great! P: So could those things be replaced by Graphene?
2 Really? That’s interesting. S: Some day, hopefully, because it’s so easy to get and so
3 Really? That’s nice. efficient. We could save a lot of money. It’s an incredible
4 Really? That’s bad news. discovery and it was awarded a Nobel Prize.
5 Really? That’s awful.
6 I know. It’s fantastic. TRACK 69
7 Yeah. It’s good news. /laʊ/, /lɔ:/, /rɒk/, /pɒ/, /paʊ/, /faʊ/, /stɔ:/, /dɒ/, /kɔ:/, /bɒ/, /mɔ:/,
8 Yeah, I know. It’s really bad news. /ɔ:t/
9 I know. It’s terrible.
TRACK 70
10 That’s a good idea.
1 You’re not allowed to keep pets.
11 Absolutely.
2 They found the bomb before it went off.
12 Definitely.
3 They took it to court and won.
4 You ought to feed your dog less.
5 The last version was launched in October.
6 They have a policy to fund more research.
7 The rocket lost power and crashed.
8 The storm caused a lot of damage.
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C: That’s fine. So I’ve cancelled your cards and ordered new
UNIT 12 ones, and they’ll be with you in the next three or four days.
We’ll also send you a new PIN.
TRACK 71 B: Oh, that’s great. Thank you so much for your help.
C: You’re welcome. Is there anything else I can do for you
1 today?
A: Hello. B: No. That’s all for now. Thanks again. Bye.
B: Hi, it’s Brendan. Is Neil there?
A: No, he’s not got up yet. Is it urgent? 2
B: No, it’s OK. Just tell him we’re meeting earlier – at seven, D: OK. So can you just tell me how it happened?
not eight. And tell him he’s very lazy! Twelve o’clock and still B: Yes. I was walking from the bus stop to my friend’s house
in bed! and I was talking on the phone so I wasn’t really paying
A: Well, he was out late last night. Has he got your number, attention. Then someone came past me on a bicycle and
Brendan? just grabbed my bag and rode off. The strap on the bag
broke because he pulled so hard.
B: Yeah, he has. So what time will he be up?
D: And can you give me a description of the person on the
A: I imagine in about an hour. He didn’t get back home till four.
bike?
B: Oh right. Well, I’ll see him later. Thanks.
B: Not really. Young. Maybe fifteen or sixteen. Wearing dark
A: That’s OK. I’ll give him your message. Meet at seven, clothes. And a hood.
not eight.
D: Anything else?
B: Yeah.
B: I’m afraid not. It all happened so quickly, you know.
A: Bye now.
D: OK. Well, I can give you a reference number so you can
2 contact your insurance company, if you have one.
C: Good morning, DBB. How can I help you? B: OK. And what about my bag?
D: Yeah, hi. Could I speak to Jane Simpson, please? D: Well, it’s a big city out there and obviously we don’t have the
C: Of course. I’ll just put you through to her. people to go and look for the person who did this, but if we
D: Thanks. do hear or find anything, we’ll let you know.
… 3
E: Hello. E: Hello. Abbey Locks. How can I help you?
D: Hi, Jane? B: Yeah. Hello, er, basically, my bag’s been stolen and it had my
E: No, it’s actually Poppy. I’m afraid Jane’s out visiting a client. keys in it, so I need to get into my apartment.
Would you like to leave a message? E: OK. Do you want us to change the lock or just get you in?
D: Yeah, could you tell her Diane called? I’ve already spoken Was there anything with your address in the bag?
to my boss and he’s fine with the price, so we can go ahead B: Oh gosh, yes. I had my driving licence in my purse.
with the work. Can you ask her to phone me when she gets E: OK. You’ll want new locks then. Are you at the property?
back so we can sort out the details? B: No, I’m phoning from my friend’s house.
E: Of course. Has she got your number? E: Right, well I suggest you go back home. We can send
D: I don’t think she has my mobile. It’s 07729 651 118 someone within an hour. Can I just get the address, please?
E: OK. 07729 651 118. And what was your name again? Sorry. B: Sure. It’s Apartment 4, number 72 Montague Terrace,
D: Diane Lincoln. L-I-N-C-O-L-N. So when will she be back? BR2 0SZ.
E: Probably later this afternoon. I think she said she was going E: OK. Got it. Someone will be with you soon. Do you have
for lunch. proof of ID and proof of address?
D: Oh, right. Well, hopefully I can speak to her today. I’m B: No, I don’t. No. Everything was in my bag. I mean normally
actually away on holiday from tomorrow. I’d ask my landlady who lives next door, but she’s away.
E: Oh, right. Well, I’ll let her know anyway. E: Wait, you rent the apartment?
D: OK. Thanks. Bye. B: Yes – is that a problem?
E: Bye. E: Well, we would normally talk to the owner of the property.
B: But she’s abroad!
TRACK 72 E: Don’t you have a contact number?
A: No, he’s not up yet. Is it urgent? B: I did – in my phone … oh what a nightmare!
B: Just tell him we’re meeting earlier – at seven, not eight.
TRACK 74
TRACK 73 F: Hello there. You’re speaking to Alan. I understand you’re
1 calling about your cash and credit cards. Is that correct?
A: Hello. Better Banking. B: Yes, that’s right. I called last week. Someone stole my bag
B: Oh, hello there. I need to cancel my cards, please. As soon and I phoned to cancel my cards.
as possible. F: OK.
A: OK, no problem, but I’m afraid I have to take you through B: And the guy I spoke to told me he’d cancelled them and that
security first. Can I get your full name, please? the new cards would be with me in three or four days … but I
B: Um … oh, yes. Of course. It’s Bettina Kraus. That’s B-E- still haven’t received them.
double T-I … F: Right. Let me just check. OK. I can see that the cards were
… actually sent out as promised. Last Tuesday. And in fact,
your credit card was used just yesterday.
A: OK. That’s fine. I’ll just put you through to the right
department. One moment, please. B: No, that’s not possible.
…
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F: £1,845, spent in IKEA in Aberdeen. B: OK. Right. Well, how about this? It’s a Love–Hate Thing. It’s a
B: But I’ve never even been to Aberdeen. How did that romantic comedy set in Paris and New York and it stars Ellen
happen? McAdams and Ryan Rudd.
F: I’m not sure. I’m very sorry. I think I have to speak my A: That sounds more like it! Where’s it on?
manager. B: The Galaxy in Cambridge Road.
A: OK. And what time does it start?
TRACK 75 B: There’s one showing at two thirty and then another one at
/jʊə/, /stəʊl/, /həʊm/, /aʊə/, /fəʊ/, /ʃʊə/, /fəʊn/, /kjʊə/, /məʊ/ quarter to five.
A: So shall we try the half past two one? We could go and have
TRACK 76 a coffee or something first.
1 He had to pay a 200-euro fine. B: OK. Great.
2 I usually work from home.
3 She’ll be back in about an hour. TRACK 79
4 Do you have insurance for your phone? cash machine, city centre, crossroads, flatmate, film industry,
5 I’ve lost my mobile somewhere. football boots, heart disease, security system, success story,
6 Take a photo with your phone. sunglasses, tennis court, traffic lights
7 I’m lucky my job’s quite secure.
TRACK 80
8 My car was stolen from outside my home.
1
TRACK 77 I’m a big fan of a Turkish singer called Sertab Erener. I first
1 We’ve only just left the house. heard her when she won the Eurovision Song Contest and I’ve
2 I suddenly realised I’d left my keys in my flat. liked her ever since then. I think she’s got an amazing voice.
3 I was stopped by the police as I was driving home. She actually trained as an opera singer. I’ve got five or six of
4 The lions are usually fed at about three in the afternoon. her albums and a couple of years ago I went to Istanbul to see
her sing live. In fact, I’ve discovered Turkey through her music
5 I knew we’d met before, but I just couldn’t remember where.
and want to spend more time there. I’ve been learning Turkish
6 They said the new battery would be here within three or since 2012 and I’m now starting to understand her songs
four days. better too. My all-time favourite is Life Doesn’t Wait – Hayat
Beklemez. Excuse my bad pronunciation.
UNIT 13 2
I’ve been playing the trumpet for ten years now with El Sistema,
TRACK 78 which is a programme that helps young people from poor
A: What a boring lecture! backgrounds learn classical music. I really, really love playing,
and without El Sistema I would probably be in a bad situation!
B: I know. It wasn’t very good. I was starting to fall asleep near
When I joined, I was only eight, but I was already in trouble with
the end!
the police. My favourite composers are Russian – Shostakovich
A: So what are you doing this afternoon? Have you got any and Stravinsky. We’ve been rehearsing The Rite of Spring
plans? recently for a concert. It’s fantastic – the best.
B: Yeah, I’m thinking of going to see a movie and … um … listen,
would you like to come with me? 3
A: Maybe. What’s on? My favourite author is the Swedish crime writer Henning
B: Well, there’s this film called In the Heat of the Moment – Mankell, especially his stories with the detective Wallander. The
directed by Umberto Collocini. It’s supposed to be really stories are good thrillers. They’re unpredictable, but they’re
good. also about social issues and are a bit political which makes
them extra interesting. For the last few weeks, they’ve been
A: Yeah, I’ve seen it already, actually. I saw it the other day.
showing a series on TV based on the books. It’s OK, but the
B: Oh yes? What was it like? main character is different to the character in my imagination
A: Not bad, but not as good as everyone is saying. The and, of course, there’s less suspense because I’ve already read
costumes were great and it’s set on an island in Thailand, so the books! I don’t know if I’ll keep watching.
it looks amazing.
B: Yeah, that’s what I’d heard. So what was wrong with it? 4
A: Oh, I don’t know. I just found it a bit too slow. I got a bit I’m at art school, where I’m studying Fine Art. I’ve known I
bored with it after a while – and the ending was very wanted to be an artist since I was three. I’ve always been more
predictable. of a painter, especially people – portraits, but recently I’ve
become much more interested in sculpture. I think my favourite
B: Oh, right.
artist at the moment is an English sculptor called Henry Moore.
A: And that Scottish actor’s in it as well. You know. What’s his
He did these beautiful, strange, abstract sculptures – often
name?
based on human figures. I saw an exhibition of his work last
B: Bryan McFletcher? year. I don’t know why I liked it so much, I just did – especially a
A: Yeah, that’s him. I just find him really, really annoying. He sculpture called King and Queen.
can’t act! Anyway, what else is on?
B: Um … let me see. Oh, there’s The Cottage.
A: Yeah? What’s that?
B: It’s a new horror movie. It’s supposed to be really scary.
A: OK. To be honest, I don’t really like horror movies. I’d rather
see something a bit lighter, if possible.
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TRACK 81 B: I know!
1 How long have you been going there? A: We should charge the landlord for these things.
2 How long have they been doing that? B: Oh, one more thing. Before I forget. We need the machine
that makes hot water – to make tea and coffee.
3 How long has she been learning?
C: Oh, yes, of course. A kettle! I can’t live without a kettle! I
4 How long have you been playing?
need my tea in the morning!
5 How long has he been training?
6 How long have you known him? TRACK 85
7 How long has she been going out with him? I must remember to call her later.
8 How long have you been married? You mustn’t forget to set your alarm.
TRACK 82 You can, if you must.
/haɪnd/, /həd/, /hɒrə/, /hiːz/, /hæ/, /hɑːf/, /hɪs/, /hɒŋ/, /hɒb/, We mustn’t leave it here.
/hɜːs/, /hɔːl/, /hɪə/ You must be tired.
He mustn’t do anything till the doctor’s seen him.
TRACK 83 I must speak to them later.
1 The woman behind me had a horrible laugh.
2 He’s got some really annoying habits. TRACK 86
3 I left about halfway through the film. 1 For my birthday this year, my big sister bought me my own
4 It’s quite sad, but it has a happy ending. website. She’s really good with computers and I’m not,
5 It’s a historical drama set in Hong Kong. but the website has become something fun we work on
together. I also loved the way she told me. She sent me an
6 Everyone needs to have a hobby.
email where she gave me clues about the present for me
7 I really hate horror movies. to guess what it was, but I didn’t know. Then she sent me
8 We rehearse every week in a hall near here. another email with a link to a website. When I clicked on the
link, I understood everything and I realised that the site was
UNIT 14 the present. I was really excited! It’s my favourite ever gift
because, as I said, it’s something we do together.
2 I got a mountain bike for Christmas a few years ago and it’s
TRACK 84 been one of the most useful presents ever. Over the last
A: It’s nice. year, I’ve lived close enough to work to be able to cycle and
B: Yes, it is, but it’s also very dirty! so I’ve saved loads of money on petrol. A birthday present
C: I know. We’ll have to give everything a good clean and sort that also saves me money! Excellent. I’m also fitter and have
the place out. Maybe we should go into town and buy some lost weight.
stuff. 3 One of my ex-boyfriends was the king of bad presents. One
A: Yeah, it’s a good idea. One minute. I’ll get a pen and we can year, he gave me an iron for my birthday! An iron! I mean,
write a list. OK. So … . what kind of message does that send about our relationship
B: Well, we need those things for cleaning. A brush and a … and the way that he saw me? The following year, he bought
I don’t know the name. The thing that you put rubbish in. me a dress that HE really liked and told me that he wanted
What’s the name? me to start wearing more clothes like that from then on –
because they would make me more attractive. I couldn’t
C: Do you mean a rubbish bin?
believe it! A couple of weeks after that, we broke up!
B: No, not that. When you use the brush, what do you call the
4 A few years ago, I went out with a girl and as we were
thing that you use to get rubbish from the floor? The thing
getting out of the taxi to go to dinner, she suddenly said, ‘I
that you put the dirt into with the brush?
got you a present.’ I was quite embarrassed because it was
C: Oh, you mean a dustpan. A dustpan and brush. our first date and I hadn’t thought of getting her anything.
B: A dustpan and brush. Yes, that’s very useful. Then she handed me a rock from a beach. I was confused.
C: And maybe we should get some cleaning stuff as well. Have Why had she given me this thing? She said, ‘I wanted to
we got any bleach? give you something you’d never forget and you could tell
A: What is bleach? your children about’. I said thanks to be polite, but I actually
C: Oh, it’s a kind of liquid that’s really good for cleaning things, thought it was a bit stupid and it was a bad start to the
you know, like for cleaning the floor and the toilet. It’s a kind evening!
of chemical. It’s quite strong. Now, though, I use that rock to stop papers on my desk
A: Oh, we have some. It’s in the kitchen – in the cupboard blowing away and that girl is my wife!
under the sink.
C: Oh, OK. I didn’t notice that, but that’s good. TRACK 87
B: We need to buy that machine that you use for the clothes. /e/, /ə/, /ɔ:/, /ɜ:/, /be/, /bɜ:/, /pre/, /pɔ:/, /zənt/, /zɜ:rv/, /drɔ:/, /tɔ:/
After you wash them. I can’t remember the name. Oh, and I
know this word as well. TRACK 88
A: You mean an iron? 1 I burnt my hand on the cooker.
B: Yes, an iron! And also the thing that you put the clothes on 2 We found some money buried in the garden
when you use the iron. 3 You mustn’t pour chemicals down the sink.
C: Yeah, an ironing board. OK. What else? 4 There’s a torch in the drawer over there.
A: Oh, for the bathroom we need a thing for the shower. You 5 There are strict laws to protect the environment.
know, the plastic thing that stops the water from leaving the 6 I didn’t get any birthday presents this year.
shower – and the metal thing that holds it. 7 The old church is perfectly preserved.
C: A shower curtain and a shower rail. Yeah, I noticed there 8 Where do you store all your food?
wasn’t anything like that in the bathroom. It’s crazy, isn’t it?
Why doesn’t the landlord provide things like that? It’s so basic.
Audio scripts 207
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TRACK 89 that. Really, I had a happy childhood and I’m very happy now.
I remembered my parents reading us books they’d borrowed
1 I’ve been wanting to see that for ages.
from the library and the hours we played cards together. It was
2 It’s just one of those things that happen sometimes. fantastic what my parents had done. The love we had was
3 I don’t have to work tomorrow, so I guess I can, yeah. more important than money, but now maybe the money they
4 How long have you been working in the music industry? saved can bring some love to others.
5 He’s one of those people who can always make you laugh. The only problem I have now is what to do with a quarter of a
6 There’s been an accident on the crossroads in the city million pounds – when I honestly don’t really need anything!
centre.
TRACK 92
UNIT 15 1
2
Two million pounds
Seven hundred and eighty-one thousand
3 Six hundred and fifty-three
TRACK 90
4 Nineteen sixty-five
L = Laima, A = Aidan 5 Four pounds twelve
L: So how long have you been living here? 6 Two point seven
A: Almost two years. 7 A quarter
L: Wow! You must like it.
A: Yeah, it’s nice. I have a good quality of life here – warm TRACK 93
climate, near the beach, not too much work. 1 The minimum wage at that time was five pounds seventy-
L: It sounds fantastic. three an hour.
A: Yeah, it’s great, but I’m actually going back to Canada in a 2 Inflation fell to three point four per cent last month.
few months. 3 The government is going to invest seven hundred million in
L: Forever? schools.
A: Yeah, I think so. 4 Three-quarters of the population own a car.
L: Why? It sounds perfect here. 5 The new factory will create eight hundred and twenty-five
A: Well, the economy’s doing quite badly at the moment. I jobs.
mean, unemployment has gone up quite a lot over the last 6 The house cost three hundred and sixty thousand euros.
few months, so I’m not sure I’m going to have a job in a 7 We borrowed a hundred and ninety-four thousand from the
year’s time. bank.
L: Really? 8 We’ll finally pay back the mortgage in twenty fifty-one.
A: Yeah, and also salaries aren’t so high here, you know. I
could get paid a lot more back home. TRACK 94
L: Sure, but I bet the cost of living’s a lot higher in Canada as 1
well. Everything’s so cheap here. I mean, eating out is twice
A: Yes, Sir?
the price in my country. You can get a three-course meal for
about six dollars here. B: Can we get the bill, please?
A: Yeah, that’s true, but it used to be cheaper in the past. A: Certainly. One moment.
Inflation has gone up over the last two years and if it stays B: Thanks.
high, well, you know, it won’t be so cheap. C: How much is it?
L: I know, but it’s still a big difference, no? B: Don’t worry. I’ll get this. It’s my treat.
A: Yeah, maybe, but anyway, in the end, I miss my family and C: Are you sure? I don’t mind paying half.
friends and maybe money isn’t so important, but I’ll still have B: No, really. It’s fine. After all, I asked you out.
more opportunities back home, I think, so work might be C: Thanks. It’s really kind of you.
more interesting there. B: Oh no!
L: I guess so. It seems a shame, though. It’s so nice here. Won’t C: What’s up?
you miss the heat? B: I’ve just realised I left my wallet in my other jacket. It’s got all
A: Yeah, probably, but I don’t mind the cold weather so much. my credit cards and cash in it! I’ll have to go and get it.
You get used to it after a while. C: Don’t be silly. It’s too far to go. I’ll pay today.
L: Mmm. B: Are you sure? I’ll pay you back as soon as I can, I promise.
A: So what about your country? How are things there? Is it a C: No, it’s fine. Honestly. Oh! Wow! Right. That’s a lot! I hope
good place to live? they accept my credit card!
TRACK 91 2
The lawyer continued reading. It seemed Dad had actually D: That looks great on you.
been a good salesman. He earned quite a good salary, but he E: Really?
just preferred to save it. And he had been good at investing D: Yeah. Really suits you.
money too. The most expensive technology he had was a E: Maybe. How much is it?
radio, but he bought shares in some camera and electronic D: Well, it’s vintage sixties.
shops. In 1965, the shares cost eight pence each and he sold
E: Sorry?
them 35 years later for £4.12 each.
D: It’s very old. From the nineteen sixties. It’s hard to find things
Of the 2.7 million pounds he was leaving, he had decided to
like that in this condition.
give two million to a charity that looked after teenagers with
problems. The rest was divided between me and my sisters. E: Oh. Yes. So how much?
D: Let’s call it 200.
For a moment, I felt angry. Why hadn’t he said anything? Why
had we lived like poor people? Why was he giving the money E: Pounds?
to other children? But then I thought, it’s stupid to think like D: Yes, of course pounds.
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E: Two hundred pounds! But it’s not in perfect condition.
Look – there’s a mark here.
D: OK. So let’s say 180.
UNIT 16
E: No, sorry. It’s too much. Thank you. TRACK 97
D: OK, OK. The best price I can manage is 150. Any lower than
1
that and I’ll lose money.
A: Did you have a nice weekend?
3 B: Yes, it was great, actually.
F: But if I don’t buy it, someone else will. A: Yeah? What did you do?
G: So you’ve said, but a thousand pounds is a thousand B: One of my oldest friends got married on Saturday, so I went
pounds. to the wedding in the afternoon and then the reception later
F: I know, but if I don’t have a car, then I’ll have to keep getting on. It was really good.
the bus into town. And that’s not cheap either. Fares have A: Oh yeah?
just gone up. B: Yeah. They hired an old castle on the coast for it. It was an
G: OK, OK. Look, you did well in your exams and we’d be amazing venue. And they had a big buffet there, with really
happy to help, but it is a lot of money. You’re working now, good food, and a DJ and everything.
so why don’t you pay half? A: That sounds great. What was the music like?
F: I would if I could, Mum, honestly, but I haven’t managed to B: Excellent. I was expecting typical wedding reception music,
save much yet! but this DJ played lots of modern things as well. The dance
G: Well, maybe we can borrow some money from the bank. floor was full all evening.
F: Really? Oh, that’d be brilliant!
2
G: And you can pay us half back when you have the money,
OK? C: Did you do anything last night?
D: Yeah, I did, actually. I went to a friend’s house-warming.
4 She’s just moved into this new place. It’s an amazing flat – in
H: Your card was cancelled because of some irregular activity a converted church. It’s a really impressive place.
that we noticed. C: Oh, wow! So what was the party like? Was it good?
I: Irregular activity? What do you mean? D: It was great to begin with, yeah. All the other guests were
H: Well, for instance, did you have lunch in Singapore last lovely. Everyone was really warm and friendly and very easy
week? to talk to, but then my ex arrived with his new girlfriend.
I: No. I’ve never been there in my life. C: Oh no!
H: Exactly. We suspect that your card was copied sometime D: Yes, and to make things worse, she was absolutely
last month and that someone then used it overseas. gorgeous!
I: Oh no! How did they manage to do that? And will I get a C: Oh, you poor thing! That’s awful.
refund? D: I know. It ruined the night for me, to be honest. I didn’t stay
H: Everything is covered by your insurance and we’re sending much longer after that.
out a new card today. You’ll receive your new PIN number
after you get the card. They’re sent separately for security 3
reasons. E: So what did you do last night? Anything interesting?
F: Yeah, I had a little dinner party.
TRACK 95 E: Oh really? What was the occasion?
/ɪ/, /ɔɪ/, /ə/, /əʊ/, /rəʊ/, /ləʊ/, /rɪdʒ/, /gɪdʒ/, /rəns/, /ʃən/, /dʃɔɪ/, F: There wasn’t one. I just felt like inviting some friends round
/plɔɪ/ and cooking for them.
E: Nice. So how did it go? Was it good?
TRACK 96 F: Yeah, it was lovely. It was nice to see people and chat.
1 What’s the average salary? E: How many people came?
2 Can I borrow fifteen euros? F: Twelve.
3 I don’t know what the local currency is. E: Wow! That’s a lot of cooking.
4 They won’t win the election. F: I know! It took me ages to get everything ready.
5 It was a joint decision to go. E: Did you cook everything yourself?
6 The interest on our mortgage is low. E: Yeah.
7 Thanks. I owe you a favour. F: You must be a good cook.
8 Youth unemployment is almost 50%. E: I don’t know about that! I just follow recipes.
F: So what did you do?
E: Well, for starters, I did grilled aubergines covered in yoghurt
and served with a slightly spicy sauce and then …
Audio scripts 209
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TRACK 98
1 We call April the 21st Kartini Day. It’s the day that Raden
Ajeng Kartini was born in 1879. She’s very important in
Indonesia because she fought for women’s rights and
against sexual discrimination at a time when we were very
much second-class citizens. She set up the country’s first all-
girls school and really helped to change the country for the
better. There’s still some way to go, sure, but it’s important to
remember her life and celebrate it every year.
2 My great-grandmother on my mum’s side was Ukrainian. We
never met, as she died before I was born, but a few years
ago my mum and I decided to go on a trip to the village
that she came from. We spent a night in the house she’d
been born in, which was very moving. The people were very
welcoming and I felt a real connection with the place. It was
incredible – a day I’ll never forget.
3 June the 25th will always be a very special day for me as
it’s the anniversary of the day that Michael Jackson died.
His death in 2009 was a real tragedy and I still feel his loss
today. I know he was a controversial figure, but he touched
the lives of millions of people all over the world. One of my
biggest regrets is that I wasn’t able to go to Los Angeles for
his memorial service. I wanted to be there, but I just couldn’t
afford to buy a ticket from Bulgaria.
4 When I was 23 or 24, I spent six months travelling round
South East Asia. It was an amazing time in my life and I had
lots of great experiences, but perhaps the day I remember
best was when I climbed Mount Kinabalu in Malaysia, one of
the highest mountains in the region. We started climbing at
midnight, with a local guide, and we reached the peak just
as the sun was coming up. It was incredibly beautiful.
5 March the 24th is a very special day for me as it’s the
anniversary of the day that my sight was restored. Thirteen
years ago, my eyes were severely damaged in an accident
at work and I was told I’d never see again. However, two
years ago, I agreed to have this special new operation. It
was still in the experimental stage, but amazingly, it worked,
and thanks to my surgeon, I can now see my two kids. I’ll
always be grateful for that!
TRACK 99
/ɡraʊ/, /klɪə/, /skrɪ/, /stæ/, /blɪ/, /fre/, /pre/, /spaɪ/, /trə/, /aʊnd/,
/end/, /əsts/
TRACK 100
1 They played some nice background music.
2 The DJ almost cleared the dance floor.
3 Women still face a lot of discrimination in the workplace.
4 A new government was established after the war.
5 On my birthday, I had some friends round for dinner.
6 The organisation of the whole event was very impressive.
7 I cooked my special spicy chicken dish.
8 You should try the traditional breakfasts here.
TRACK 101
1 To be honest, I avoid talking to him if I can help it.
2 I guess it’ll take some time before I get used to it.
3 He’s a computer programmer based in the States.
4 I’m going to go back as soon as I save enough money.
5 He always promises to help, but then he fails to keep all
his promises.
6 I’m currently living at home, but I’m planning to leave after
I graduate.
210
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Outcomes Pre-intermediate © 2016 National Geographic Learning, a part of Cengage Learning
Student’s Book
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright
Hugh Dellar and Andrew Walkley herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by
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Student Book ISBN: 978-1-305-09010-1
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Print Number: 02 Print Year: 2016
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Acknowledgements
The publisher and authors would like to thank the following teachers who provided the feedback and user insights on the first edition of Outcomes that
have helped us develop this new edition:
Rosetta d’Agostino, New English Teaching, Milan, Italy; Victor Manuel Alarcón, EOI Badalona, Badalona, Spain; Isidro Almendarez, Universidad
Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Isabel Andrés, EOI Valdemoro, Madrid, Spain; Brian Brennan, International House Company Training, Barcelona, Spain;
Nara Carlini, Università Cattolica, Milan, Italy; Karen Corne, UK; Jordi Dalmau, EOI Reus, Reus, Spain; Matthew Ellman, British Council, Malaysia; Clara
Espelt, EOI Maresme, Barcelona, Spain; Abigail Fulbrook, Chiba, Japan; Dylan Gates, Granada, Spain; Blanca Gozalo, EOI Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain;
James Grant, Japan; Joanna Faith Habershon, St Giles Schools of Languages London Central, UK; Jeanine Hack; English Language Coach.com, London,
UK; Claire Hart, Germany; David Hicks, Languages4Life, Barcelona, Spain; Hilary Irving, Central School of English, London, UK; Jessica Jacobs, Università
Commerciale Luigi Bocconi, Milan, Italy; Lucia Luciani, Centro di Formaziones Casati, Milan, Italy; Izabela Michalak, ELC, Łódź, Poland; Josep Millanes
Moya, FIAC Escola d’Idiomes, Terrassa, Catalonia; Rodrigo Alonso Páramo, EOI Viladecans, Barcelona, Spain; Jonathan Parish, Uxbridge College, London,
UK; Mercè Falcó Pegueroles, EOI Tortosa, Tortosa, Spain; Hugh Podmore, St Giles Schools of Languages London Central, UK; James Rock, Università
Cattolica, Milan, Italy; Virginia Ron, EOI Rivas, Madrid, Spain; Coletto Russo, British Institutes, Milan, Italy; Ana Salvador, EOI Fuenlabrada, Madrid,
Spain; Adam Scott, St Giles College, Brighton, UK; Olga Smolenskaya, Russia; Carla Stroulger, American Language Academy, Madrid, Spain; Simon
Thomas, St Giles, UK; Simon Thorley, British Council, Madrid, Spain; Helen Tooke, Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi, Milan, Italy; Chloe Turner, St
Giles Schools of Languages London Central, UK; Sheila Vine, University of Paderborn, Germany; Richard Willmsen, British Study Centres, London, UK;
Various teachers at English Studio Academic management, UK.
Authors’ acknowledgements
Thanks to Karen Spiller and Clare Shaw, and to Dennis Hogan, John McHugh and Gavin McLean for their continued support and enthusiasm.
Thanks also to all the students we’ve taught over the years for providing more inspiration and insight than they ever realised.
And to the colleagues we’ve taught alongside for their friendship, thoughts and assistance.
90101_20_AUD_p192-212.indd 212 24/08/2015 08:16

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What are the main topics covered in the book?

What are the main topics covered in the book?

What are some of the learning objectives mentioned for each unit?

What are some of the learning objectives mentioned for each unit?

Second Edition

PRE-INTERMEDIATE Hugh Dellar

90101_00_PRE_p001-005.indd 1 21/08/2015 14:59

1 JOBS • ask and answer common questions about jobs

6 FAMILY AND • describe people you know

FRIENDS • ask and answer common questions

90101_00_PRE_p001-005.indd 2 21/08/2015 14:59

90101_00_PRE_p001-005.indd 3 21/08/2015 14:59

9 MIND AND BODY •

14 STUFF • talk about common household objects

16 EVENTS • describe different kinds of parties and events

90101_00_PRE_p001-005.indd 4 21/08/2015 14:59

• Second conditionals • Places to stay • Memories of • Hotel information • Apologising

• Noun phrases • Films • Nollywood dreams • Discussing what film • supposed to

90101_00_PRE_p001-005.indd 5 21/08/2015 14:59

90101_01_U1_p006-013.indd 6 21/08/2015 14:58

a a new product. / a new film.

90101_01_U1_p006-013.indd 8 21/08/2015 14:58

90101_01_U1_p006-013.indd 9 6/29/16 11:34 AM

90101_01_U1_p006-013.indd 10 21/08/2015 14:58

90101_01_U1_p006-013.indd 11 21/08/2015 14:58

7 making coffee B: Really? Do you give talks?

8 building the nation A: No. I just listen, and try to learn.

90101_01_U1_p006-013.indd 12 21/08/2015 14:58

CLAUDIA, MUNICH, GERMANY

JEROME, SIERRA LEONE

SULOCHANA, KERALA, INDIA

90101_01_U1_p006-013.indd 13 21/08/2015 14:58

90101_02_U2_p014-023.indd 14 21/08/2015 15:00

1 Work in pairs. Answer the questions.

coat hat jewellery shoes suit T-shirt

2 Change partners. Discuss these questions.

90101_02_U2_p014-023.indd 15 21/08/2015 15:00

90101_02_U2_p014-023.indd 16 21/08/2015 15:00

Past simple Developing Conversations

4 I changed jobs recently.

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FACT FILE 8 It didn’t fit me. It was a bit too small.

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9 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.

Student A: read the two stories on this page. 10

CLICK TO BUY! 8 forget h lots of different sites

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5 a manufacturing fault B: Great. Thanks. (accept)

90101_02_U2_p014-023.indd 20 21/08/2015 15:00

GRAMMAR Certainly sir / madam.

1 We add to the end of adjectives / adverbs

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90101_02_U2_p014-023.indd 22 21/08/2015 15:00

90101_02_U2_p014-023.indd 23 6/29/16 11:40 AM

90101_03_U3_p024-031.indd 24 10/6/16 6:27 PM

VOCABULARY Places in town 6 Is there a

90101_03_U3_p024-031.indd 26 10/6/16 6:28 PM

5 To watch the video and do the activities, see the DVD-ROM.

Unit 3 Getting there 27

B: Yes, you need to take a practical test of your concert

Check your ideas on page 172 and do Exercise 1.

LISTENING For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 173.

5 this school / have / studied / you / in / before / ? B: He’s a friend university.