Written in accordance with the topics based on new syllabus XII Sci.

(Maharashtra State Board)

MHT-CET TRIUMPH

PHYSICS

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Salient Features

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 Includes chapters of Std. XII as per latest textbook of 2020.
 Exhaustive subtopic wise coverage of MCQs.
 4754 MCQs including questions from various competitive exams.
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 Notes, Shortcuts, Mindbenders, Formulae provided in each chapter.
 Includes MCQs from JEE (Main) (8th April, shift 1), NEET (UG), NEET (Odisha), MHT-
CET (6th May, Afternoon) 2019 and JEE (Main) (7th January, shift 1) 2020.
 Includes MCQs from JEE (Main), NEET and MHT-CET upto 2018.
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 Various competitive examination questions updated till the latest year.
 Evaluation test provided at the end of each chapter.
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 Inclusion of ‘The physics of ….’ to engage students in scientific enquiry.

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Scan the adjacent QR code or visit www.targetpublications.org/tp1628 to download

Hints for relevant questions and Evaluation Test in PDF format.
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Printed at: Print to Print, Mumbai

© Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.

No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, C.D. ROM/Audio Video Cassettes or electronic, mechanical
including photocopying; recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the Publisher.

Balbharati Registration No.: 2018MH0022 P.O. No. 1106

TEID: 1628
PREFACE
“Don’t follow your dreams; chase them!”- a quote by Richard Dumbrill is perhaps the most pertinent for one
who is aiming to crack entrance examinations held after std. XII. We are aware of an aggressive competition a
student appearing for such career defining examinations experiences and hence wanted to create books that
develop the necessary knowledge, tools and skills required to excel in these examinations.
For the syllabus of MHT-CET 2020, 80% of the weightage is given to the syllabus for XIIth standard while
only 20% is given to the syllabus for XIth standard (with inclusion of only selected chapters). Since there is no
clarity on the syllabus for MHT-CET 2021 till the time when this book was going to be printed and taking the
fact into consideration that the entire syllabus for std. XIIth Science has always been an integral part of MHT-

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CET syllabus, this book includes all the topics of std. XIIth Physics.
We believe that although the syllabus for Std. XII and MHT-CET is aligned, the outlook to study the subject
should be altered based on the nature of the examination. To score in MHT-CET, a student has to be not just
good with the concepts but also quick to complete the test successfully. Such ingenuity can be developed

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through sincere learning and dedicated practice.
Having thorough knowledge of theory, derivations and their applications is a prerequisite for beginning with
MCQs on a given chapter in Physics. Students must know formulae, conversion factors, units and dimensions
of physical quantities involved in the chapter. Physics is conveyed using mathematics, therefore, students

on
should study essential mathematical concepts such as trigonometric functions, identities, derivatives and
integration rigorously. They should befriend ideas of tangent, slope, area under the curve and nature of various
plots and their equations to resolve graphical intricacy of Physics. It should be kept in mind that every single
line of text has potential of generating several MCQs.
As a first step to MCQ solving, students should start with elementary questions. Once a momentum is gained,
complex MCQs with higher level of difficulty should be practised. Questions from previous years as well as
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from other similar competitive exams should be solved to obtain an insight about plausible questions.
The competitive exams challenge understanding of students about subject by combining concepts from
different chapters in a single question. To figure these questions out, cognitive understanding of subject is
required. Therefore, students should put in extra effort to practise such questions.
Promptness being virtue in these exams, students should wear time saving short tricks and alternate methods
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upon their sleeves and should be able to apply them with accuracy and precision as required.
Such a holistic preparation is the key to succeed in the examination!
To quote Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, “If you want to shine like a sun, first burn like a sun.”
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Our Triumph Physics book has been designed to achieve the above objectives. Commencing from basic
MCQs the book proceeds to develop competence to solve complex MCQs. It offers ample practice of recent
questions from various competitive examination. While offering standard solutions in the form of concise hints,
it also provides Shortcuts and Alternate Methods. Each chapter ends with an Evaluation test to allow self-
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assessment.
Features of the book presented on the next page will explicate more about the same!
We hope the book benefits the learner as we have envisioned.
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The journey to create a complete book is strewn with triumphs, failures and near misses. If you think we’ve
nearly missed something or want to applaud us for our triumphs, we’d love to hear from you.
Please write to us on: mail@targetpublications.org
A book affects eternity; one can never tell where its influence stops.

Best of luck to all the aspirants!

From,
Publisher
Edition: First
 FEATURES

Formulae

1. Angular velocity: Formulae

v θ
i. ω= ii. ω=
r t Formulae includes key formulae of the
2π

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iii. ω = 2πn iv. ω= chapter.
T This is our attempt to make tools of
2. Angular displacement: formulae accessible for the students
2πt while solving problems and revising at
i. θ = ωt ii. θ= last minute at a glance.
T

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iii. θ = 2πnt

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Notes

Notes
Notes provides compilation of
comprehensive points which elaborate ∆Q
textual concepts or cover missing 2. Since specific heat C =
m∆T
fragments of concept essential for the i. In isothermal expansion, ∆T being zero, specific
C
complete understanding of the heat is ∞.
concept. ii. For an adiabatic change, ∆Q being zero, specific
This is our attempt to offer gist of heat is zero.
knowledge required from examination
point of view.
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Mindbenders Mindbenders
1. Kirchhoff’s laws are applicable for DC as well as
AC circuits. They can be accurately used for DC Mindbenders presents thought
circuits and low frequency AC circuits. In case of provoking snippets of concepts.
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AC though, summation of current should be done This is our attempt to enable the
in vector form or using instantaneous value for the students perceive underlying depth
AC components of the circuit. and implications of concept.
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Shortcuts
Shortcuts
Shortcuts comprises important 1. For a particle executing S.H.M:
theoretical or formula based short i. From mean position in order to travel half of
tricks considering their utility in T
solving MCQ. amplitude, time required is given by, t =
12
This is our attempt to highlight ii. From extreme position, in order to travel half of
content that would come handy T
while solving questions. amplitude, time required is given by, t = s
6
 FEATURES

Classical Thinking Classical Thinking

3.1 Introduction Classical Thinking section encompasses

1. A gas is not an ideal gas straight forward questions including
(A) in which there is impurity. knowledge based questions.
(B) which does not obey Boyle's law and Charles’

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This is our attempt to revise chapter in
law.
its basic form and warm up the students
(C) whose molecules are not point masses.
(D) whose molecules interact each other.
to deal with complex MCQs.

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Critical Thinking
Critical Thinking
6.2 Progressive Wave

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Critical Thinking section encompasses
challenging questions which test 1. A travelling wave passes through a point of
understanding, rational thinking and observation. At this point, the time interval
application skills of the students. between successive crests is 0.2 s, then,
(A) wavelength is 5 m.
This is our attempt to take the students
(B) frequency is 5 Hz.
from beginner to proficient level in
(C) velocity of propagation is 5 m/s
C
smooth steps. (D) wavelength is 0.2 m.

Competitive Thinking
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Competitive Thinking
7.2 Nature of Light
Competitive Thinking section
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1. According to corpuscular theory of light which is encompasses questions from various

NOT the property of light? [MHT CET 2019] competitive examinations like
(A) The velocity of light in air is greater than in MHT CET, JEE, AIPMT/NEET-UG, etc.
glass. This is our attempt to give the students
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(B) Light travels in straight lines. practice of competitive questions and

(C) The velocity of light does not change after advance them to acquire knack essential
reflection. to solve such questions.
(D) The velocity of light changes after reflection.
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Subtopic wise segregation

Subtopics
Every section is segregated sub-topic 9.1 Introduction
wise. 9.2 Kirchhoff’s Laws of Electrical Network
This is our attempt to cater to
9.3 Wheatstone Bridge
individualistic pace and preferences of
studying a chapter in the students and 9.4 Potentiometer
enable easy assimilation of questions 9.5 Galvanometer
based on the specific concept.
 FEATURES

Miscellaneous
93. A wire of cross-sectional area A forms 3 sides of a
square and is free to turn about axis XX′. If the Miscellaneous
structure is deflected by θ from vertical when
current I is passed through it, in a magnetic field B Every section, in general, ends with a

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acting vertically upward and density of wire is ρ, sub-topic; miscellaneous.
the value of B is given by Miscellaneous incorporates MCQs
B whose solutions require knowledge of
X X′ concepts covered in different

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sub-topics of same chapter or from
different chapters.
This is our attempt to develop cognitive
θ θ
thinking in the students essential to
2Aρg 2Aρg solve questions involving fusion of
(A) (B)

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cot θ tan θ
I I multiple key concepts.
Aρg Aρg
(C) sin θ (D) cos θ
I 2I
C
Evaluation test
Evaluation Test
Evaluation Test covers questions from 1. The ratio of areas within the electron orbits for the
chapter for self-evaluation purpose. first excited state to the ground state for hydrogen
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This is our attempt to provide the atom is
students with a practice test and help (A) 16 : 1 (B) 18 : 1
them assess their range of preparation (C) 4 : 1 (D) 2 : 1
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of the chapter.
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The physics of …..

How a loudspeaker produces sound….
The physics of …..
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The physics of ….. illustrates real life

applications or examples related to the
concept discussed.
This is our attempt to link learning to the
life and make the students conscious of how
Physics has touched entire spectrum of life.
Loud speakers help us to listen to wonderful music. What
mechanism in them makes them produce the sound?
The answer is at the end of this chapter.
 CONTENTS

Chapter No. Chapter Name Page No.

1 Rotational Dynamics 1

2 Mechanical Properties of Fluids 52

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3 Kinetic Theory of Gases and Radiation 88

4 Thermodynamics 112

5 Oscillations 133

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6 Superposition of Waves 165

7 Wave Optics 202

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8 Electrostatics 233

9 Current Electricity 275

10 Magnetic Fields due to Electric Current 299

11 Magnetic Materials 332

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12 Electromagnetic Induction 347

13 AC Circuits 370

14 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter 387

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15 Structure of Atoms and Nuclei 408

16 Semiconductor Devices 432

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Disclaimer

This reference book is transformative work based on XIIth std. textbook Physics; First edition: 2020 published by the Maharashtra State Bureau of
Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, Pune. We the publishers are making this reference book which constitutes as fair use of textual
contents which are transformed by adding and elaborating, with a view to simplify the same to enable the students to understand, memorize and
reproduce the same in examinations.
This work is purely inspired upon the course work as prescribed by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, Pune.
Every care has been taken in the publication of this reference book by the Authors while creating the contents. The Authors and the Publishers shall not be
responsible for any loss or damages caused to any person on account of errors or omissions which might have crept in or disagreement of any third party on
the point of view expressed in the reference book.
© reserved with the Publisher for all the contents created by our Authors.
No copyright is claimed in the textual contents which are presented as part of fair dealing with a view to provide best supplementary study material for
the benefit of students.
 Textbook  
Chapter No.  Chapter 01: Rotational Dynamics

01
a

Rotational Dynamics

Subtopics

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1.1 Introduction
1.2 Characteristics of Circular Motion
1.3 Applications of Uniform Circular Motion

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1.4 Vertical Circular Motion
1.5 Moment of Inertia as an Analogous Quantity for Mass
1.6 Radius of Gyration

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1.7 Theorem of Parallel Axes and Theorem of Perpendicular
Axes
1.8 Angular Momentum or Moment of Linear Momentum
1.9 Expression for Torque in Terms of Moment of Inertia
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1.10 Conservation of Angular Momentum Riding on a vertical circular arc, this
roller coaster fans experience a net force
1.11 Rolling Motion and acceleration that point towards the
centre of the circle
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Formulae 7. Centripetal force:

mv2
i. FCP = ii. FCP = mr2
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1. Angular velocity: r
v  42mr
i. = ii. = iii. FCP = mr42 n2 iv. FCP =
r t T2
2
iii.  = 2n iv. = 8. Centrifugal force: FCF = FCP
m

T
2. Angular displacement:  v2 
9. Inclination of banked road: = tan1  
2t  rg 
i.  = t ii. =
T
10. On unbanked road:
iii.  = 2nt
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i. Maximum velocity of vehicle to avoid skidding

3. Angular acceleration: on a curve unbanked road: vmax = rg
2  1 2
i. = ii. = (n2 n1)  v2 
t t ii. Angle of leaning:  = tan1  
 rg 
4. Linear velocity:
i. v = r =ii. v 2nr 11. On banked road:
5. Centripetal acceleration or radial  μ s  tanθ 
i. Upper speed limit: vmax = rg  
v2 1  μ s tanθ 
acceleration: a = = 2r
r  tanθ  μ s 
ii. Lower speed limit: vmin = rg  
1  μ s tanθ 
  
6. Tangential acceleration: a T =   r

1
 

MHT‐CET Triumph Physics (MCQs) 
n
iii. vmax = rg tan  (in absence of friction) 15. Moment of Inertia: I = m r
i 1
i i
2
=  dmr 2
12. Height of inclined road: h = l sin 
I
16. Radius of gyration: K =
13. Conical Pendulum: M
i. Angular velocity of the bob of conical pendulum,
17. Kinetic energy:
g
= 1 2 1
L cos  i. K.Erotational = I = I (2n)2
2 2
ii. Period of conical pendulum
1 2
L cos  ii. K.Etranslational = Mv

nt
T = 2 2
g  K2 
1 1 2 1 
iii. K.Erolling = [Mv + I ] = Mv  R 2 
2 2
14. For mass tied to string: 2 2  
i. Minimum velocity at lowest point to complete
18. From principle of parallel axes: Io = Ic + Mh2

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V.C.M: vL = 5rg
19. From principle of perpendicular axes:
ii. Minimum velocity at highest point to complete IZ = IX + IY
V.C.M: vH = rg 20. Angular momentum of a body: L = I = I(2n)
iii. Minimum velocity at midway point to complete 21. From principle of conservation of angular

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in V.C.M: vM = 3rg momentum:
i. I11 = I22 ii. I1n1 = I2n2
iv. Tension at highest point in V.C.M:
22. Torque acting on a body:
mv2H
TH =  mg dL
r i.  = I =
dt
v. Tension at midway point in V.C.M:
C
d  n n 
mv 2m ii. =I = 2I  2 1 
TM = dt  t 
r
vi. Tension at lowest point in V.C.M: 2gh
23. Velocity of rolling body: v =
K2
mv2L 1 2
TL = + mg R
e
r
vii. Difference between tension at lower most and g sin θ
24. Acceleration of rolling body: a =
uppermost point: K2
1 2
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TL TH = 6 mg R

Table 1: Analogy of translational motion and rotational motion

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Linear or Translational motion S.I. Unit Rotational motion S.I. Unit

Angular
Displacement s m  rad
Displacement
Speed v ms1 Angular Speed  rad s1
ds d
v= ms1 = rad s1
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Velocity Angular velocity

dt dt
dv d
Acceleration a= ms2 Angular acceleration = rad s2
dt dt
Mass m kg M.I. =I mr2 kg m2
dP dL
Force F= = ma N Torque or couple  = I = Nm
dt dt
Momentum =P mv kgms 1
Angular momentum L = I kg m2 s1
Work W = Fs J Work W =  J
Kinetic 1 1 2 1
Ek = mv2 J Rotational Energy ERot = I = LI J
energy 2 2 2
   
Power P = Fv or F . v W Power P =  or  .  W

2
 

Chapter 01: Rotational Dynamics
Table 2: Moment of inertia of different bodies
No. Shape of regular body Axis of rotation Moment of Inertia
i. Rod of mass M and Centre of rod and perpendicular to length. ML2
length L (thin rod) 12
One end and perpendicular to length. ML2
3
ii. Circular ring of mass M Line passing through its centre and perpendicular to
MR2
and radius R its plane.

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Any diameter. 1
MR2
2
Any tangent in the plane of the ring. 3
MR2
2

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Any tangent perpendicular to the plane of the ring. 2 MR2
iii. Circular disc of mass M Through centre, perpendicular to plane of disc. 1
and radius R MR2
2
Any diameter. 1
MR2
4

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Tangent in the plane of the disc. 5
MR2
4
Tangent perpendicular to plane of disc. 3
MR2
2
iv. Solid sphere of mass M Any diameter. 2
MR2
C
and radius R 5
Any tangent. 7
MR2
5
v. Hollow sphere of mass M Any diameter 2
and radius R MR2
3
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vi. Solid cylinder of mass M, Axis passing through its centre and parallel to its 1
radius R and length L length. MR2
2
Through centre perpendicular to length.  R 2 L2 
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M  
 4 12 
vii. Hollow cylinder of mass Axis passing through its centre and parallel to its
MR2
M, radius R length
viii. Annular ring or thick Axis passing through its centre and perpendicular to 1
M  r22  r12 
m

I=
walled hollow cylinder its plane 2
ix. Uniform symmetric Any diameter  r5  r5 
I = 2 M 23 13
spherical shell 5 r2  r1 
x. Uniform plate or Axis passing through its centre of the side and 1
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I= M(L2 + b2)
rectangular parallelepiped perpendicular to its plane 12

Table 3: Table representing the graphs of different parameters of rotational motion

Sr.
Graph of Formula Graph
No.
1. K.E.rotational v/s  1 2
K.E.rot = I Y
where, 2
Er
 = angular velocity i.e.K.E.rot  2 if I is constant

O  X

3
 

MHT‐CET Triumph Physics (MCQs) 

2. I v/s K I = MK2 i.e. I  K2 I

where,
K = radius of gyration

K
3. L v/s  L = I i.e. L   Y
where,
L = angular momentum L

nt
O  X
4. K.E.rotational v/s L L2 Y
K.E.rot = Er
2I

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i.e. K.E.rot  L2 if I is constant

X X
L

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5. log (K.E.rot) v/s log (L) Y
L2
K.E.rot = logEr
2I
X
i.e. log (K.E.rot) = 2 log (L)  log(2 I) log L

O
2
6. log (I) v/s log (K) I = MK
Y
C
i.e. log(I) = log(M) + 2log(K)
log I

O X
log K
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Table 4: Kinetic energy distribution table for different rolling bodies

Translational Rotational (KR) Rolling (KRoll)

K2
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Body 1 1 2K 2
1  K2 
R2 (KT) = mv 2 = mv 2 = mv 2  1 + 2 
2 2 R 2  R 
1 2 1 2
Ring and Cylindrical shell 1 mv mv mv2
2 2
m

1 1 2 1 2 3
Disc and solid cylinder mv mv mv2
2 2 4 4
2 1 2 1 2 7
Solid sphere mv mv mv2
5 2 5 10
2 1 2 1 2 5
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Hollow sphere mv mv mv2

3 2 3 6

Table 5: Velocity, Acceleration and Time of descent for Different Bodies

2gh gsin Time of descent t

Velocity v = Acceleration a =
Body K2  K2  1 2h  K2 
1+ 2 1 + 2  = 1 + 2 
R  R  sin g  R 
Ring or Hollow cylinder gh 1 1 4h
gsin 
2 sin  g
Disc or solid cylinder 4gh 2 1 3h
gsin 
3 3 sin  g

4
 

Chapter 01: Rotational Dynamics
Solid sphere 10 5 1 14 h
gh gsin 
7 7 sin  5 g
Hollow sphere 6 3 1 10 h
gh gsin 
5 5 sin  3 g

Table 6: Rolling, Sliding and Falling bodies

Motion Velocity Acceleration Time
2gh gsin  1 2h  K 2 
1 

nt
Rolling K2  K2  
1 2 1  2  sin  g  R 2 
R  R 
2gh g sin  1 2h
Sliding
sin  g

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2gh g 2h
Falling
g

8. The radius of the curved path is the distance

Notes from the centre of curved path to the centre of

on
gravity of the body. It is to be considered when
  the centre of gravity of body is at a height from
1. In U.C.M., angular velocity    is only the surface of road or surface of spherical body.
 
  9. Whenever a car is taking a horizontal turn, the
constant vector but angular acceleration    normal reaction is at the inner wheel.
 
C
  10. While taking a turn, when car overturns, its
and angular displacement    are variable inner wheels leave the ground first.
 
vectors. 11. For a vehicle negotiating a turn along a
circular path, if its speed is very high, then the
2. The value of  of earth about its axis is vehicle starts skidding outwards. This causes
7  105 rad/s or 360 per day.
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the radius of the circle to increase resulting in
3. Circular motion is a two-dimensional motion in the decrease in the centripetal force.
which the linear velocity and linear acceleration 1
[ Fcp  ]
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vectors lie in the plane of the circle but the r

angular velocity and angular acceleration
vectors are perpendicular to the plane of the 12. If a body moves in a cylindrical well (well of
circle. death) the velocity required will be minimum
safest velocity and in this case the weight of the
m

4. An observer on the moving particle experiences body will be balanced by component of normal
only the centrifugal force, but an observer reaction and the minimum safest velocity is
stationary with respect to the centre can given by the formula rg .
experience or measure only the centripetal
force. 13. If a body is kept at rest at the highest point of
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convex road and pushed along the surface to

5. Whenever a particle is in a U.C.M. or non perform circular motion, the body will fall after
U.C.M., centripetal and centrifugal forces act r
simultaneously. They are both equal and travelling a vertical distance of from the
3
opposite but do not cancel each other.
highest point where r is the radius of the
6. Centripetal force and Centrifugal force are not circular path.
action-reaction forces as action-reaction forces
14. Since the centripetal force is not zero for a
act on different bodies.
particle in circular motion, the torque acting is

7. Since the centripetal force acting on a particle
zero i.e., τ = 0 (as the force is central) Hence
in circular motion acts perpendicular to its
displacement (and also its velocity), the work the angular momentum is constant i.e.

done by it is always zero. L = constant.

5
 

MHT‐CET Triumph Physics (MCQs) 
15. If a particle performing circular motion comes 2. In a reciprocating engine, the dead centre is the
 position of a piston in which it is farthest from,
to rest momentarily, i.e. v = 0, then it will move or nearest to, the crankshaft.
along the radius towards the centre and if its In general, the dead centre is any position of a
radial acceleration is zero, i.e. ar = 0, then the crank where the applied force is straight along
body will move along the tangent drawn at that its axis, meaning no turning force can be
point. applied. A few examples of crank driven
16. For non uniform circular motion machines are bicycles, tricycles, various types
     of machine presses, gasoline engines, diesel
a    r   v engines, steam locomotives and other steam

nt
engines. Crank-driven machines rely on the
17. When a bucket full of water is rotated in a
energy stored in a flywheel to overcome the
vertical circle, water will not spill only if
dead centre. A steam locomotive is an example
velocity of bucket at the highest point is  gr . in which the connecting rods are arranged such
that the dead centre for each cylinder occurs out

te
18. If velocity imparted to body at the lowest
of phase with the other one (or two) cylinders.
position is equal to 2rg , then it will oscillate
in a semicircle. 3. If the Earth suddenly stops rotating, then
duration of day decreases. According to law of
19. If bodies of same shape but different masses and conservation of angular momentum,

on
radii are allowed to roll down an inclined
I  2
plane, then they will reach the bottom with the I = constant or = constant
T
same speed and at the same time.
 T  I. Here T represents the length of the day.
20. If ice on poles starts melting, then both moment of When the earth contracts, the distribution of
inertia and length of the day (T) will increase, mass comes near to the axis of rotation. So I
2 decreases. Consequently, T decreases i.e. the
because I = I  = constant.
C
T duration of the day will be decreased.
21. Moment of inertia of the body will be minimum 4. A swimmer executing a somersault takes the
along the axis passing through its centre of mass. help of principle of conservation of angular
22. M.I. of cube is minimum about its diagonal. momentum to increase his spin motion.
23. For same mass and dimensions, moment of According to principle of conservation of
e
inertia of a hollow body is more than moment of 1
angular momentum, I = constant or   .
inertia of solid body. I
Thus, angular velocity increases when moment
24. For a given L, lesser the moment of inertia,
of inertia decreases. To decrease the moment of
pl

more is the rotational kinetic energy.

inertia, he folds her arms and brings the
25. Angular velocity of fan is constant due to stretched leg close to the other leg. Thus,
applied torque. It is balanced by some frictional angular velocity increases and hence the spin
torque. Whenever applied torque is removed, becomes faster
m

fan comes to rest because of frictional torque.

26. Angular momentum has same direction as that Shortcuts
of angular velocity.
1. In U.C.M., if central angle or angular
displacement is given, then simply apply
Sa

Mindbenders

dv = 2v sin to determine change in velocity.
1. A flywheel is a rotating mechanical device that is 2
used to store rotational energy. Flywheels, on
account of a significant moment of inertia, resist 2. There are two types of acceleration; ar (radial)
changes in rotational speed. The amount of and at (tangential) acceleration.
energy stored in a flywheel is proportional to the dv
Formula for ar = 2r and at = or r
square of its rotational speed. Energy is dt
transferred to a flywheel by applying torque to it,
thereby increasing its rotational speed and hence 3. To find out number of revolutions, always apply
its stored energy. Conversely, a flywheel releases the formula,
stored energy by applying torque to a mechanical θ ωt 2πnt
Number of revolutions = = = = nt
load, thereby decreasing its rotational speed. 2π 2π 2π

6
 

Chapter 01: Rotational Dynamics
4. The minimum safe velocity for not overturning 12. On the same basis, a cyclist has to bend through
gdr an angle  from his vertical position while
is v = rounding a curve of radius r with velocity v such
2h
v2
that tan  =
5. While rounding a curve on a level road, rg
centripetal force required by the vehicle is If  is very very small, then
provided by force of friction between the tyres
v2
and the road. tan  = sin  =
rg
mv2

nt
= F = R = mg v2 h
r =
rg l
6. The maximum velocity with which a vehicle where h is height of the outer edge from the
can go without toppling, is given by inner edge and l is the distance between the

te
d tracks or width of the road.
=v rg = rg tan 
2h
13. Always remember the formulae for velocity of
d the body at the top, bottom and at the middle of
where, tan  =
2h a circle with two distinct cases:

on
d = distance between the wheels i. path is convex
h = height of centre of gravity from the road ii. path is concave
g = acceleration due to gravity Remember in both the cases, formula will be
different.
7. Skidding of an object placed on a rotating
mv2
platform: i. = mg  N where N is normal reaction.
r
C
The maximum angular velocity of rotation of
the platform so that object will not skid on it is mv2
ii. = N  mg
r
max = (g / r)
Remember if in the question, it is given that
th body falls from a certain point then at that point
1 N = 0.
8. If earth suddenly contracts to   of its present
e
n
size without changes in its mass, then duration 14. In horizontal circle, tension will be equal to
24 mv2
of new day = 2 hours. centripetal force i.e. T =
pl

n r
i. The minimum velocity of projection at the
9. If an inclined plane ends into a circular loop of lowest point of vertical circle so that the string
radius r, then height from which a body must slacken at the highest point, is given by
m

start from rest to complete the loop is given by vL = 5gr

5
h r ii. velocity at the highest point is vH = gr
2
Hence h is independent of mass of the body.
15. When
Sa

10. When a small body of mass m slides down from i. vL = 2gr , the body moves in a vertical
the top of a smooth hemispherical surface of semicircle about the lowest point L,
radius R, then height at which the body loses the ii. vL < 2gr , then the body oscillates in a circular
2R arc smaller than the semicircle.
contact with surface, h 
3
iii. For a motor cyclist to loop a vertical loop,
11. The angle of banking () is given by, vL > 5gr and vH > gr
2
tan  = v  h
16. The distance travelled by the particle
rg l  h2
2
performing uniform circular motion in t seconds
where h is height of the outer edge above the is given by the formula, d =
2r
t.
inner edge and l is length of the road. T

7
 

MHT‐CET Triumph Physics (MCQs) 
17. If a rod falls, apply the formula,
1 2
Classical Thinking
L
I = mg    where L is the length of the
2 2
rod because when the rod falls, centre of mass 1.2 Characteristics of Circular Motion
L 1. The angular displacement in circular motion is
travels a vertical distance of and I will be
2 (A) dimensional quantity.
mL2 (B) dimensionless quantity.
equal to . (C) unitless and dimensionless quantity.
3
(D) unitless quantity.

nt
18. If there is a change in mass or distribution of  
mass for example, for a piece of wax falling on 2. Direction of  r is
rotating rod, apply the formula, I11 = I22. (A) tangent to path.
(B) perpendicular to path.

te
19. Whenever the body falls from an inclined plane, (C) parallel to the path.
1 2 1 (D) along the path.
apply mgh = I + mv2 and always
2 2 

remember, acceleration of a rolling body is 3. The vector relation between linear velocity v ,
 

on
g sin  angular velocity  and radius vector r is given
given by . Therefore, body for which
 K2  by
1 2      
 R 

(A) v =  r (B) v = r + 
 K2       
 2  is smallest, will fall first. (C) v = . r (D) v = r  
R 
4. What is the angular speed of the seconds hand
C
20. The condition for a body to roll down the of a watch?
inclined plane without slipping: (A) 60 rad/s (B)  rad/s
(C) /30 rad/s (D) 2 rad/s
 K2 
≥  2 2
tan 
K  R  5. What is the angular velocity of the earth?
2 2
e
where  = coefficient of limiting friction () (A) rad/s (B) rad/s
86400 3600
2 2
21. A body cannot roll down the inclined plane (C) rad/s (D) rad/s
24 6400
pl

when the friction is absent.

For this situation, the relative values of  for 6. The ratio of angular speeds of minute hand and
rolling without slipping down the inclined plane hour hand of a watch is
(A) 1 : 12 (B) 60 : 1
are:
(C) 1 : 60 (D) 12 : 1
m

ring > shell > disc > solid sphere

7. The angular velocity of a particle rotating in a
22. The ratio of moments of inertia of two discs of circular orbit 100 times per minute is
the same mass and same thickness but of (A) 1.66 rad/s (B) 10.47 rad/s
(C) 10.47 deg/s (D) 60 deg/s
Sa

I1 R12 d 2
different densities is given by  
I2 R 22 d1 8. A body of mass 100 g is revolving in a
horizontal circle. If its frequency of rotation is
23. To find ratios of different K.E., use 3.5 r.p.s. and radius of circular path is 0.5 m, the
angular speed of the body is
K2
(A) 18 rad/s (B) 20 rad/s
Rotational K.E. R2
i. = (C) 22 rad/s (D) 24 rad/s
Total K.E.  K2 
1  2  9. An electric motor of 12 horse-power generates
 R 
an angular velocity of 125 rad/s. What will be
Linear K.E. 1 the frequency of rotation?
ii. =
Total K.E.  K2  (A) 20 Hz (B) 20/ Hz
1  2 
 R  (C) 20/2 Hz (D) 40 Hz
8
 

Chapter 01: Rotational Dynamics
10. A body moves with constant angular velocity on 18. In uniform circular motion,
a circle. Magnitude of angular acceleration is (A) both the angular velocity and the angular
(A) r2 (B) constant momentum vary.
(C) zero (D) r (B) the angular velocity varies but the angular
momentum remains constant.
11. Calculate the angular acceleration of a (C) both the angular velocity and the angular
centrifuge which is accelerated from rest to momentum remains constant.
350 r.p.s. in 220 s. (D) the angular momentum varies but the
(A) 10 rad s2 (B) 20 rad s2 angular velocity remains constant.
2
(C) 25 rad s (D) 30 rad s2

nt
19. Assertion: If a body moving in a circular path
12. A wheel has circumference C. If it makes has constant speed, then there is no force acting
f r.p.s., the linear speed of a point on the on it.
circumference is Reason: The direction of the velocity vector of
(A) 2fC (B) fC a body moving in a circular path is changing.

te
(A) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason is
(C) fC/2 (D) fC/60
a correct explanation for Assertion
13. A body is whirled in a horizontal circle of radius (B) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason is
20 cm. It has angular velocity of 10 rad/s. What not a correct explanation for Assertion
is its linear velocity at any point on circular (C) Assertion is True, Reason is False

on
path? (D) Assertion is False but Reason is True.
(A) 10 m/s (B) 2 m/s 20. A particle is moving on a circular path with
(C) 20 m/s (D) 2 m/s constant speed, then its acceleration will be
(A) zero.
14. In uniform circular motion, (B) external radial acceleration.
(A) both velocity and acceleration are (C) internal radial acceleration.
constant.
C
(D) constant acceleration.
(B) velocity changes and acceleration is
constant. 21. A particle moves along a circular orbit with
(C) velocity is constant and acceleration constant angular velocity. This necessarily means,
changes. (A) its motion is confined to a single plane.
(B) its motion is not confined to a single plane.
(D) both velocity and acceleration change.
(C) nothing can be said regarding the plane of
e
15. A particle performing uniform circular motion has motion.
(A) radial velocity and radial acceleration. (D) its motion is one-dimensional.
(B) radial velocity and transverse acceleration. 22. Select the WRONG statement.
pl

(C) transverse velocity and radial acceleration. (A) In U.C.M. linear speed is constant.
(D) transverse velocity and transverse (B) In U.C.M. linear velocity is constant.
acceleration. (C) In U.C.M. magnitude of angular
momentum is constant.
16. Assertion: In circular motion, the centripetal
m

(D) In U.C.M. angular velocity is constant.

and centrifugal forces acting in opposite
direction balance each other. 23. If a particle moves in a circle describing equal
Reason: Centripetal and centrifugal forces don’t angles in equal intervals of time, the velocity
act at the same time. vector
(A) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason (A) remains constant.
Sa

is a correct explanation for Assertion (B) changes in magnitude only.

(B) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason (C) changes in direction only.
is not a correct explanation for Assertion (D) changes both in magnitude and direction.
(C) Assertion is True, Reason is False 24. A particle moves along a circle with a uniform
(D) Assertion is False but Reason is True. speed v. After the position vector has made an
17. When a body moves with a constant speed along angle of 30 with the reference position, its
a circle, speed will be
v
(A) its linear velocity remains constant. (A) v 2 (B)
(B) no force acts on it. 2
(C) no work is done on it. v
(C) (D) v
(D) no acceleration is produced in it. 3

9
 

MHT‐CET Triumph Physics (MCQs) 
25. A car travels due north with a uniform velocity. 33. Place a coin on gramophone disc near its centre
As the car moves over muddy area, mud sticks and set the disc into rotation. As the speed of
to the tyre. The particles of the mud as it leaves rotation increases, the coin will slide away from
the ground are thrown the centre of the disc. The motion of coin is due to
(A) vertically upwards. (A) radial force towards centre.
(B) vertically inwards. (B) non-conservative force.
(C) towards north. (C) centrifugal force.
(D) towards south. (D) centripetal force.

26. The acceleration of a particle in U.C.M. directed 34. If p is the magnitude of linear momentum of a

nt
towards centre and along the radius is called particle executing a uniform circular motion,
(A) centripetal acceleration. then the ratio of centripetal force acting on the
(B) centrifugal acceleration. particle to its linear momentum is given by
(C) gravitational acceleration. r v2 v
(A) (B) (C) (D) vr
(D) tangential acceleration. v mr r

te
27. If the angle between tangential acceleration and 35. Two particles of equal masses are revolving in
resultant acceleration in non U.C.M. is , then circular paths of radii r1 and r2 respectively with
direction of the resultant acceleration will be the same speed. The ratio of their centripetal
forces is
(A) tan1  a t  (B) tan1  a r 

on
r2 r2
 ar   at  (A) (B)
r1 r1
(C) tan1  a r  (D) tan1  a t   r1 
2
 r2 
2

 a   a  (C)   (D)  
 r2   r1 
28. The force required to keep a body in uniform
circular motion is 36. A 10 kg object attached to a nylon cord outside
C
a space vehicle is rotating at a speed of 5 m/s. If
(A) centripetal force.
the force acting on the cord is 125 N, its radius
(B) centrifugal force.
of path is
(C) frictional force.
(A) 2 m (B) 4 m (C) 6 m (D) 1 m
(D) breaking force.
37. The breaking tension of a string is 50 N. A body
29. Select the WRONG statement. of mass 1 kg is tied to one end of a 1 m long
e
(A) Centrifugal force has same magnitude as string and whirled in a horizontal circle. The
that of centripetal force. maximum speed of the body should be
(B) Centrifugal force is along the radius, (A) 5 2 m/s (B) 10 m/s
pl

away from the centre.

(C) 7.5 m/s (D) 5 m/s
(C) Centrifugal force exists in inertial frame
of reference. 38. A flywheel rotates at a constant speed of
(D) Centrifugal force is called pseudo force, 3000 r.p.m. The angle described by the shaft in
as its origin cannot be explained. one second is
m

(A) 3  rad (B) 30  rad

30. The centripetal acceleration is given by
(C) 100  rad (D) 3000  rad
(A) v2/r (B) vr (C) vr2 (D) v/r
1.3 Applications of Uniform Circular
31. An important consequence of centrifugal force Motion
Sa

is that the earth is,

(A) bulged at poles and flat at the equator. 39. The safety speed of a vehicle on a curve
(B) flat at poles and bulged at the equator. horizontal road is
(C) high tides and low tides. (A) rg (B) rg
(D) rising and setting of sun. (C) r g2
(D) /(rg)2
32. When a car is going round a circular track, the 40. The safe speed of a vehicle on a horizontal
resultant of all the forces on the car in an curve road is independent of
inertial frame is (A) mass of vehicle.
(A) acting away from the centre. (B) coefficient of friction between road
(B) acting towards the centre. surface and tyre of vehicle.
(C) zero. (C) radius of curve.
(D) acting tangential to the track. (D) acceleration due to gravity.

10
 Page no. 11 to 47 are purposely left blank.

To see complete chapter buy Target Notes or Target E-Notes

 

MHT‐CET Triumph Physics (MCQs) 

Answer Key

Classical Thinking

1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (A) 4. (C) 5. (A) 6. (D) 7. (B) 8. (C) 9. (A) 10. (C)
11. (A) 12. (B) 13. (B) 14. (D) 15. (C) 16. (D) 17. (C) 18. (C) 19. (D) 20. (C)
21. (A) 22. (B) 23. (C) 24. (D) 25. (D) 26. (A) 27. (B) 28. (A) 29. (C) 30. (A)

nt
31. (B) 32. (B) 33. (C) 34. (C) 35. (A) 36. (A) 37. (A) 38. (C) 39. (B) 40. (A)
41. (C) 42. (C) 43. (B) 44. (A) 45. (D) 46. (C) 47. (A) 48. (B) 49. (B) 50. (C)
51. (B) 52. (C) 53. (C) 54. (C) 55. (A) 56. (C) 57. (A) 58. (B) 59. (B) 60. (D)
61. (C) 62. (C) 63. (B) 64. (C) 65. (D) 66. (B) 67. (A) 68. (C) 69. (D) 70. (A)

te
71. (B) 72. (D) 73. (A) 74. (C) 75. (A) 76. (A) 77. (A) 78. (D) 79. (B) 80. (C)
81. (A) 82. (B) 83. (B) 84. (B) 85. (D) 86. (D) 87. (C) 88. (C) 89. (B) 90. (B)
91. (D) 92. (C) 93. (C) 94. (A) 95. (C) 96. (B) 97. (C) 98. (D) 99. (C) 100. (D)
101. (B) 102. (B) 103. (B) 104. (C) 105. (A) 106. (A) 107. (D) 108. (B) 109. (D) 110. (A)

on
111. (D) 112. (A) 113. (B) 114. (C) 115. (C) 116. (A) 117. (A) 118. (D) 119. (A) 120. (B)
121. (D)

Critical Thinking

1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. (A) 5. (B) 6. (D) 7. (C) 8. (B) 9. (A) 10. (B)
C
11. (A) 12. (C) 13. (A) 14. (C) 15. (C) 16. (D) 17. (B) 18. (B) 19. (B) 20. (C)
21. (C) 22. (C) 23. (D) 24. (D) 25. (C) 26. (B) 27. (B) 28. (D) 29. (D) 30. (D)
31. (A) 32. (C) 33. (C) 34. (B) 35. (C) 36. (C) 37. (B) 38. (B) 39. (C) 40. (B)
41. (D) 42. (A) 43. (A) 44. (B) 45. (B) 46. (B) 47. (D) 48. (D) 49. (D) 50. (B)
51. (B) 52. (D) 53. (B) 54. (A) 55. (D) 56. (B) 57. (B) 58. (B) 59. (C) 60. (B)
e
61. (C) 62. (A) 63. (B) 64. (D) 65. (B) 66. (A) 67. (A) 68. (D) 69. (D) 70. (D)
71. (A) 72. (D) 73. (B) 74. (B) 75. (B) 76. (D) 77. (A) 78. (A) 79. (A) 80. (A)
81. (C) 82. (C) 83. (B) 84. (D) 85. (B) 86. (B) 87. (A) 88. (C) 89. (C) 90. (D)
pl

91. (B) 92. (A) 93. (A) 94. (B) 95. (C) 96. (B) 97. (A) 98. (D) 99. (A) 100. (C)
101. (D) 102. (A) 103. (C) 104. (B) 105. (D) 106. (A) 107. (A) 108. (B) 109. (B) 110. (B)
111. (B) 112. (C) 113. (D) 114. (B) 115. (B) 116. (B) 117. (A) 118. (D) 119. (B) 120. (D)
121. (B) 122. (A) 123. (C) 124. (A) 125. (B) 126. (A) 127. (B) 128. (A) 129. (A) 130. (A)
m

131. (C) 132. (D) 133. (A) 134. (C) 135. (D) 136. (C) 137. (B) 138. (A) 139. (A) 140. (A)
141. (C) 142. (C) 143. (C) 144. (C) 145. (B) 146. (C) 147. (D) 148. (A) 149. (C) 150. (B)
151. (D) 152. (D) 153. (A) 154. (C) 155. (B) 156. (B) 157. (A) 158. (B) 159. (B) 160. (B)
161. (D) 162. (A) 163. (B) 164. (C) 165. (A) 166. (C) 167. (A) 168. (D) 169. (C) 170. (B)
Sa

171. (A) 172. (A) 173. (A) 174. (B) 175. (B) 176. (A) 177. (A) 178. (D) 179. (D) 180. (A)
181. (C) 182. (A) 183. (A) 184. (D) 185. (C) 186. (B) 187. (B) 188. (B) 189. (C) 190. (D)
191. (D) 192. (B) 193. (B) 194. (C) 195. (B) 196. (D) 197. (C) 198. (C) 199. (C) 200. (A)
201. (B) 202. (A) 203. (B) 204. (C) 205. (C) 206. (A) 207. (A) 208. (A) 209. (C) 210. (D)
211. (A) 212. (B) 213. (D) 214. (C) 215. (A) 216. (C) 217. (A) 218. (D) 219. (D) 220. (C)
221. (A) 222. (C) 223. (C) 224. (C) 225. (D) 226. (A) 227. (B) 228. (C) 229. (C) 230. (B)
231. (B) 232. (C) 233. (C) 234. (A) 235. (A) 236. (C) 237. (D) 238. (B) 239. (C) 240. (C)
241. (A) 242. (D) 243. (B) 244. (B) 245. (C) 246. (A) 247. (C) 248. (B) 249. (D) 250. (A)
251. (A) 252. (B) 253. (A) 254. (D) 255. (A) 256. (A) 257. (A) 258. (B) 259. (C) 260. (D)
261. (B) 262. (A) 263. (B) 264. (B) 265. (B) 266. (D) 267. (A) 268. (A) 269. (C) 270. (A)
271. (A) 272. (A) 273. (B) 274. (A) 275. (C) 276. (C) 277. (A)

48
 

Chapter 01: Rotational Dynamics

Competitive Thinking

1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (A) 6. (B) 7. (D) 8. (C) 9. (C) 10. (C)
11. (D) 12. (D) 13. (B) 14. (A) 15. (D) 16. (D) 17. (B) 18. (A) 19. (B) 20. (D)
21. (A) 22. (D) 23. (B) 24. (A) 25. (A) 26. (A) 27. (B) 28. (B) 29. (D) 30. (A)
31. (A) 32. (B) 33. (A) 34. (B) 35. (D) 36. (C) 37. (A) 38. (B) 39. (B) 40. (B)
41. (C) 42. (B) 43. (D) 44. (B) 45. (B) 46. (B) 47. (D) 48. (B) 49. (C) 50. (C)
51. (B) 52. (C) 53. (A) 54. (B) 55. (D) 56. (A) 57. (C) 58. (D) 59. (A) 60. (B)

nt
61. (C) 62. (C) 63. (B) 64. (D) 65. (C) 66. (D) 67. (D) 68. (B) 69. (A) 70. (A)
71. (D) 72. (B) 73. (A) 74. (D) 75. (B) 76. (A) 77. (B) 78. (D) 79. (C) 80. (A)
81. (D) 82. (C) 83. (A) 84. (B) 85. (B) 86. (B) 87. (B) 88. (A) 89. (A) 90. (C)
91. (D) 92. (C) 93. (A) 94. (A) 95. (A) 96. (D) 97. (A) 98. (A) 99. (A) 100. (C)
101. (B) 102. (D) 103. (C) 104. (A) 105. (C) 106. (C) 107. (A) 108. (D) 109. (C) 110. (B)

te
111. (D) 112. (B) 113. (B) 114. (B) 115. (C) 116. (A) 117. (C) 118. (C)

Evaluation Test

on
1. Angular velocity of hour arm of a clock, in 5. A circular disc of radius R is rotating about its
rad/s, is axis through O with uniform angular velocity 
π π rad/s as shown. The magnitude of velocity of A
(A) (B) relative to B is
43200 21600 B
π π
(C) (D)
C
30 1800 O  

2. A particle moves in a circular path, 0.4 m in A

radius, with constant speed. If particle makes 5
(A) zero (B) R sin (/2)
revolutions in each second of its motion, the
(C) 2R sin (/2) (D) 3 R sin (/2)
speed of the particle is
e
(A) 10.6 m/s 6. Consider an object of mass m that moves in a
circular orbit with constant velocity v0 along the
(B) 11.2 m/s
inside of a cone. Assume the wall of the cone to
(C) 12.6 m/s
pl

be frictionless. Find radius of the orbit.

(D) 13.6 m/s
3. With what minimum speed v must a small ball
be pushed inside a smooth vertical tube from a v0 m
m

height h so that it may reach the top of the tube?


(A) 2g (h  2R)
v0 2 v0 2
5 (A) tan 2  (B) cos 2 
(B) R g g
2
Sa

v0 2 v0 2
(C) g(5R  2h) R (C) tan  (D)
h g g
(D) 2g (2R  h) v
7. A bullet is moving horizontally with certain
velocity. It pierces two paper discs rotating co-
4. A wheel rotates with constant acceleration of axially with angular speed  separated by a
2.0 rad/s2. If the wheel has an initial angular distance l. If the hole made by bullet on second
disc is shifted by an angle  with respect to the
velocity of 4 rad/s, then the number of
first, find velocity of bullet.
revolutions it makes in the first ten seconds will l
be approximately, (A) l (B)

(A) 16 (B) 22 l
(C) 24 (D) 20 (C)  (D) l ()2

49
 

MHT‐CET Triumph Physics (MCQs) 
8. If a particle moves with uniform speed then its 14. A solid cylinder of mass M and radius R is
tangential acceleration will be pivoted at its centre and three particles of mass
v2 m are fixed at the perimeter of the cylinder. Find
(A) (B) zero
r the angular velocity of the cylinder after the
(C) r2 (D) infinite system has moved through 90.
Mg
9. R (A)
R  M  6m  m
R
M 4mg
2 (B)
R  M  6m  R

nt
M
m
2Mg
(C)
Figure shows a sphere from which a small R  M  6m 
sphere is excavated. Find the MI of this system 3mg m
(D)

te
about the centre of bigger circle. R  M  6m 
51 37
(A) MR2 (B) MR2
140 140 15. If a tension in a string is 6.4 N. A load at the
27 3 lower end of a string is 0.1 kg, the length of
(C) MR2 (D) MR2
70 14 string is 6 m then find its angular velocity

on
10. A particle comes round a circle of radius 1 m (g = 10 m/s2)
once. The time taken by it is 10 s. The average (A) 3 rad/s (B) 4 rad/s
velocity of motion is (C) 2 rad/s (D) 1 rad/s
(A) 0.2 m/s (B) 2 m/s 16. The maximum speed of a car on a road–turn of
(C) 2 m/s (D) zero radius 30 m, if the coefficient of friction
11. Given is the -t graph for a car wheel, where between the tyres and the road is 0.4, will be
C
brakes produce an acceleration . Which of the (A) 10.84 m/s
following can be the form of   t graph? (B) 9.84 m/s
(A) Straight line (C) 8.84 m/s

(D) 6.84 m/s
(B) Parabola
0 17. For the given situation as shown in the graph, the
e
(C) Circle
initial angular velocity of the particle is 2 rad/s.
(D) Hyperbola What will be the final angular velocity if the
t
particle follows the given   t graph?
pl

12. The diameter of a flywheel is 1.2 m and it 

makes 900 revolutions per minute. Calculate the
acceleration at a point on its rim.
(A) 540 2 m/s2 (B) 270 m/s2
2 2
(C) 360  m/s (D) 540 m/s2
m

13. The graphs below show angular velocity as a t

function of . In which one of these is the t=2 t=6
magnitude of angular velocity constantly (A) 3 rad/s (B) 4 rad/s
decreasing with time? (C) 5 rad/s (D) 6 rad/s
Sa

  
18. A disc is in pure rolling motion with a velocity v
(A) (B) on a rough horizontal surface. The resultant
velocity of a point P at an angle  with the
 horizontal would be
 P
(A) 2 v cos  
(C) (D)   2

 
(B) 2 v sin   O
2
 
(C) v
 (D) 2v

50
 

Chapter 01: Rotational Dynamics
19. A thin rod is placed co-axially within a thin circular motion. Thus, at the top, the

hollow tube which lies on a smooth horizontal
acceleration a of this particle must have the
table. The rod having the same mass ‘M’ and magnitude a = v2/R and be directed downwards,
length ‘L’ as that of tube is free to move within toward the centre of the circular loop.
the tube. The system is given an angular 
The gravitational force Fg is directed downward
velocity ‘’ about a vertical axis from one of its 

ends. Considering negligible friction between along a y-axis. The normal force N on the
surfaces, find the angular velocity of the rod as particle from the loop is also directed
downward. Thus, Newton’s second law for y-
it just slips out of the tube.

nt
axis components (Fnet,y = may) gives us
  N  Fg = m(a)
(A) (B)
2 4  v2 
  N  mg = m   …(1)
(C) (D)  R
3

te
Another Key idea is that if the particle has the
20. A sphere rolls on the surface with velocity v. It least speed v needed to remain in contact, then
encounters a smooth frictionless incline of it is on the verge of losing contact with the loop
height h which it needs to climb. What will be (falling away from the loop), which means that
the minimum velocity for which it will climb N = 0. Substituting this value for N into

on
the incline? Equation (1) gives, v = gR
The rider has to make certain that his speed at
10
(A) gh (B) gh the top of the loop is greater than gR so that
7
he does not lose contact with the loop and fall
5
(C) gh (D) 2gh away from it. Note that this speed requirement
2
is independent of mass rider and his bicycle.
C
Answers to Evaluation Test 3. Spinning ice skater
Choosing the skater as the system, we can apply
1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4. (B) the conservation principle provided that the net
5. (C) 6. (C) 7. (C) 8. (B) external torque produced by air resistance and
9. (A) 10. (D) 11. (B) 12. (A)
e
by friction between the skates and the ice is
13. (A) 14. (B) 15. (A) 16. (A) negligibly small. We assume it is to be
17. (B) 18 (B) 19. (B) 20. (D) negligible. Then the skater in first half of figure
pl

would spin forever at the same angular velocity,

since her angular momentum is conserved in the
The Answers to Physics of…..
absence of a net external torque. In the second
half of figure, the inward movement of her arms
1. A trapeze act in a circus
m

and leg involves internal and not external

When the man and his partner are stationary, torques and therefore, does not change her
the man’s arms must support his partner’s
angular momentum. But angular momentum is
weight. When the two are swinging, however,
the man’s arms must do an additional job. the product of the moment of inertia I and
Then, the partner is moving on a circular arc angular velocity . By moving the mass of her
Sa

and has a centripetal acceleration. The man’s arms and leg inward, the skater decreases the
arms must exert an additional pull so that distance r of the mass from the axis of rotation
there will be sufficient centripetal force to and consequently, decreases her moment of
produce this acceleration. Because of the
additional pull, it is harder for the man to hold inertia I (I = mr2). If the product of I and  is
his partner while swinging than while to remain constant, then  must increase. Thus,
stationary. by pulling her arms and leg inward, she spins
with a larger angular velocity.
2. Riding the bicycle in a loop the loop
A key idea in analyzing the stunt is to assume
that rider and his bicycle travel through the top
of the loop as a single particle in uniform

51