TCWD Interstate System

THE GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM
AN INTERNATIONAL CIVILIZATION? EMPIRE, INTERNATIONALISM, AND THE CRISIS OF THE MID-

TWENTIETH CENTURY by MARK MAZOWER
SING-GALING!
How does the world solve problems?
What if countries around the globe have no opportunities to discuss
international matters?
Would there be cooperation among countries?
Would there be a consensus on international matters?
Would any international problems be resolved?
• Structured politically as system of competing and
allying states.
INTERSTATE • States are defined through their relationship to
other states or through participation in the world
SYSTEM economy
• Division between states help to divide the world
into a core, periphery and semi-periphery.
• The stage of human social and cultural

development and organization that is considered
CIVILIZATION most advanced.
• The society, culture, and way of life of a particular
area.
THE THIRTY YEARS’ WAR
PEACE OF WESTPHALIA
TO PREVENT WARS IN THE
MARTIN LUTHER’S PROTESTANT
ROMAN CATHOLIC VS FUTURE BY RECOGNIZING THAT
REFORMATION CAUSE
THE TREAT SIGNERS EXERCISE
PROTESTANT STATE CHRISTIANITY TO SPLINTER TO
COMPLETE CONTROL OVER
THE THIRTY YEARS’ WAR NUMEROUS SECTS AND
THEIR DOMESTIC AFFAIRS AND
SUBSECTS
SWEAR NOT TO MEDDLE IN
EACH OTHER’S AFFAIR
CONCERT OF EUROPE
NAPOLEON BONAFARTE
WESTPHALIAN SYSTEM
NAPOLEONIC CODE
UK, AUSTRIA, RUSSIA, PRUSSIA
CASE OF CIVILIZATION AGAINST HITLER
 MARCH 7, 1934
 Nazi’s first year in power
 Hitlerism denounced as a crime against
civilization – New York Times headline
 The concept that lay at the heart of the
claim to world leadership that Europeans
had been advancing since at least the
early nineteenth century.
EUROPEAN CIVILIZATION (GUIZOT)
 Abandoned the Enlightenment project of fitting

Europe into a scheme of universal history for the
task of tracing the continent’s own cultural roots.
 “Civilization is a sort of ocean, constituting the
wealth of a people, and whose bosom all the
elements of the life that people. All the powers
supporting its existence, assemble and unite”
 It is evident that there is a European civilization;
that a certain unity pervades the civilization of
the various European States.
BRITAIN (JOHN STUART MILL)
 Single model of civilization

 All civilization exist in modern Europe,
especially in Great Britain, in a more
eminent degree than at any other
place or time.
THE INTERNATIONAL RULE
 Napoleon Bonaparte
 He believed in the principles of the French
Revolution: that there should be liberty,
equality, and fraternity to the rest of
Europe
 French implemented the Napoleonic
Code that forbade birth privileges,
encouraged freedom of religion, and
promoted meritocracy
CONCERT OF EUROPE
 Alliance of great powers (UK, Austria,

Russia, and Prussia)
 The defeat of Napoleon gave the
concept of a European civilization that
became fundamental to a new
understanding of international order
and new techniques of international
rule.
 International Law was designed as an
aid to the preservation of order among
sovereign states.
 Principles were explicitly stated as
applying only to civilized states
(members of “a civilized community”
W.E. HALL (LEGAL COMMENTATOR)
 International Law is a product  International Law faced the

of the special civilization of issue of the relationship
modern Europe and forms a between a civilized
highly artificial system of which Christendom and the non-
the principles cannot be civilized world.
supposed to be understood or
recognized by countries  Doctrine of International
differently civilized. Recognition
JAMES LORIMER (1880)
CATEGORIES OF HUMANITY GRADES OF RECOGNITION

1. Civilized – developed society or  Plenary Political
culture  Partial Political
2. Barbaric – uncivilized or  Natural or Mere Human
uncultured person
3. Savage - uncivilized
Barbaric might be admitted

gradually or in part.
VICTORIAN
INTERNATIONAL LAW
Divided the world according to its standard of civilization
INSIDE EUROPE OUTSIDE EUROPE
 There was a sphere of civilized life  Define terms upon which sovereign –
 Protection of property full or partial –- might be bestowed
 Rule of the law  Non-European world that enormity of
the task required in acquiring
 Code or constitutions
sovereignty could best be grasped
 Effective administration of its territory by a
state  Potential cost – failing to attain the
standard of civilization
 Warfare conducted by a regular army
 Freedom of conscience
 Resolve conflicts between sovereign
states in the absence of an overarching
sovereign
AFTER THE WORLD WAR I
 International law is a product

of the special civilization of
modern Europe itself
 The United States was – by
the century’s end regarded
from this POV as a European
power
LEAGUE OF NATIONS (1920)
Was an international
peacekeeping
organization founded in
1920
American President
Woodrow Wilson was
instrumental in its founding.
UNITED NATIONS
(1945)
 Was formed as a kind of world

government
 Has asked the local
governments to become
involved in making sure that
human rights are protected.
 Every local government can
or cannot pass laws that
protect human rights
CONTEMPORARY
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
AFTER THE WORLD WAR II
 Marshal Plan was implemented

by United States
 Provided economic aid to 16
European countries struggling to
rebound from the destruction of
war
 European Recovery Program
(ERP)
THE UNITED NATIONS (1945)
1. Peacekeeping
 The international peacekeeping
organization 2. Cultivating of friendly relationships among
states
 Aimed at promoting harmony
between nation-states and 3. Assisting alleviating poverty, hunger,
disease, and illiteracy, and encouraging
preventing war
respect for human rights
 Collective security – a host of states 4. Providing a forum where nations work
band together in order to stop an together for these goals
aggressor state
STRUCTURE OF UNITED NATIONS
STRUCTURE OF UNITED NATIONS

1. General Assembly 1. World Bank
2. Economic and Social Council 2. World Health Organization
3. International Court of Justice 3. United Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization
4. The Trusteeship Council
4. International Monetary Fund
5. Security Council
5. World Trade Organization
6. The Secretariat
6. United Nations Convention of Law of
the Sea
7. International Criminal Court
8. Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Countries

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THE GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM

AN INTERNATIONAL CIVILIZATION? EMPIRE, INTERNATIONALISM, AND THE CRISIS OF THE MID-

• The stage of human social and cultural

 Abandoned the Enlightenment project of fitting

 Single model of civilization

 Alliance of great powers (UK, Austria,

 International Law is a product  International Law faced the

CATEGORIES OF HUMANITY GRADES OF RECOGNITION

Barbaric might be admitted

 International law is a product

 Was formed as a kind of world

 Marshal Plan was implemented

STRUCTURE OF UNITED NATIONS

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