mQcH b,qflafj, Oïur;k ysñ

Ydia;%fõoS ^f.!rj&" Ydia;%m;s" o¾Ykm;s

fn!oaO o¾Ykh wOHhkdxYh
Y%S ,xld fn!oaO yd md,s úYajúoHd,h

f:rjdo wNsO¾u msglfha ixj¾Okh

nqoaO mßks¾jdKfhka wk;=rej isÿ jQ ;=kajk O¾u ix.dhkdfjka miq wNsO¾uh ms<sn| j
iqúfYaIS wjOdkhla fhduq ù we;s nj fmfka' úfYaIfhka wfYdal rcqfha rdcH
wkq.%yfhka ixj¾Okh jQ f:rjdo iïm%odh ;=<;a l%s' mQ' fojk ishjfia oS muK lKsIal
rcqf.a rdcH wkq.%yfhka Ndr;fhys u:qrd m%foaYfhys ia:dms;j miqj ldIaórh olajd
jHdma; jQ i¾jdia;sjdo iïm%odh ;=<;a wNsO¾u msglhla olakg ,eîu ta ms<sn| isÿflrk
wOHhk ld¾hhkays idM,Hg fya;= fjhs' tfia fkdjkakg wNsO¾u msglh f:rjdo
iïm%odfhka bj;a lsÍug o we;eï úg yelsjkq we;' i¾jdia;sjdo iïm%odh wNsO¾u msglh
nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a Y%SuqL foaYkdjla fldg fkdms<s.;a; o tys f.!rjh nqÿrcdKka
jykafia fj; mjrd ta ta .%ka:hkays l¾;D;ajh Y%djl ix>hd fj; mjrd.kS' tfia
ilialrk ,o i¾jdia;sjdo iïm%odhg wh;a wNsO¾u msglh tla uQ, .%ka:hlska yd mdo
.%ka: yhlska iukaú; h' hfYdañ;% úiska wNsO¾ufldaYNdIHhg iïmokh lrk ,o
iaMqgd¾: wNsO¾ufldaYjHdLHd fjys {dkm%ia:dk kï .%ka:h zuQ,hZ f,i;a wfkla .%ka:
zmdoZ f,i;a yªkajd we;'

1. {dkm%ia:dk - wd¾h ld;HdhkSmq;%

2. m%lrKmdo - ia:úr jiqñ;%
3. ú{dkldh - ia:úr foajY¾uka
4. O¾uialkaO - wd¾h Ydßmq;%
5. m%{ma;sYdia;% - wd¾h fu!oa.,Hdhk
6. Od;=ldh - mqrdK
7. ix.S;sm¾hdh - uydfl!IaÀ,

ixialD; iy áfnÜ uQ,dY%hg wkqj fuu .%ka:hkays l¾;D;ajh by; olajd we;s mßÈ fõ'
tfy;a Ök mßj¾;khkays l¾;Djrekaf.a we;eï fjkia lï olakg ,efí'

wNsO¾u msglfha l¾;D;ajh nqÿrcdKka jykafia fj; u mjrk f:rjdo iïm%odh tys
m%Njh ;dj;sxi foaj f,dalfha oS isÿ jQ nj fmkajd fohs' ud;D ÈjH rdchd we;=¿ foúhka
wrNhd wNsO¾u foaYkdj nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska isÿ l< nj;a tys oS ks¾ñ; nqoaO
rEmhla ujd Wkajykafia ñksia f,djg jevu l< nj;a oka j<od wjidkfha oS tys
idrdxYhla ießhq;a uyry;ka jykafiag foaYkd l< nj;a w;a:id,sksfhys i|yka fõ'1
bka wk;=rej ießhq;a ysñhka Wkajykafiaf.a mkaishhla jQ YsIH NsCIQka fj; tu
wNsO¾uh úia;rd;aulj b.eka jQ nj;a bka miq YsIHdkqYsIH mrïmrdfjka meñK f;jk
O¾uix.dhkdj isÿjk iufha oS f¾j; ysñhka W.;a nj;a ±lafõ' nqoaO mßks¾jdKfhka
jir 235lg miqj tkï l%s' mQ' 251 oS mdg,Smq;%fhys mj;ajk ,o ;=kajk O¾u ix>dhkdfõ
oS f¾j; ysñhka úiska tlS wNsO¾uh foaYkd lrk ,o nj;a fmkajd fohs'

fuf,i meñKs f:rjdo iïm%odhg wh;a wNsO¾u msglfhys m%lrK kdufhka .efkk
uQ,sl .%ka: .Kk y;ls'

1' Oïuix.sKS
2' úNx.
3' Od;=l:d
4' mq.a.,m[a[;a;s
5' l:dj;a:q
6' hul
7' mÜGdk

fuu m%lrK .%ka:hkays l%ñl ixj¾Okh fmkajd fok ,d je,S fmdaiska (La Vallee
Poussing) fuys m<uq .%ka: fol uq,a hq.hg;a wfkla .%ka: my miqld,Sk hq.hg;a wh;a
nj fmkajd fohs'2 ta wkqj fuu .%ka: tl u wjia:djl oS iïmdok jQ .%ka: fkdjk nj;a
l%ufhka mïmdokh jQ .%ka: nj;a t;=ud ;yjqre lrhs' ;=kajk O¾u ix.dhkdfjka
wk;=rej tkï l%s' mQ' 3jk ishjfika miq Y%S ,xldjg nqÿoyu meñKSu;a iu. f:rjdo
wNsO¾ufhys iS.% ixj¾Okla isÿ j we;' ta wkqj wNsO¾u idys;Hfha isÿ jQ l%ñl
ixj¾Okh mshjr ;=kla Tiafia bÈßm;a fldg we;'

1' wNsO¾u m%lrK .%ka: yd mßjdr .%ka: iïmdokh

2' wgqjd iïmdokh
3' uQ,àld iy wkqàld iïmdokh

wNsO¾uh nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a Y%SuqL foaYkdjla fkdjQj o th nqoaO foaYkhla hehs

ms<s.ekSu i|yd m%udKj;a idOl fm< oyñka yuqfjhs'

1' nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska ;nk ,o ud;Dldjlg fjk;a Y%djlfhl= úiska lrk ,o
foaYkdjla i|yd nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a wkque;sh ,eîu'

2' Y%djhka jykafia kula fjk;a ;ekloS meje;ajQ foaYkhla i|yd nqÿrcdKka
jykafiaf.a wkque;sh ,eîu'

3' hful= úiska nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.ka wikqq ,nk m%Yakhg ms<s;=re ,ndoSu i|yd Bg
iqÿiq fjk;a Y%djlfhl= fj; fhduq lsÍu yd ta i|yd ,nd ÿka ms<s;=r i|yd
nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a wkque;sh ,eîu'
4' nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska wvla mj;ajk ,o foaYkdjl b;sß fldgi ksu lsÍu i|yd
fjk;a Y%djlfhl= fhduq lsÍu yd ta i|yd nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a wkque;sh ,eîu'

Wla; lreKq fj; wjOdkh fhduq lrk wgqjdpdÍka jykafia tjeks foaYkd nqoaO jpkh
f,i ms<s.;hq;= nj fmkajd fohs' úfYaIfhka uydmßksíndK iQ;%fha § i;r uydmfoai
ljf¾ ±hs y÷kajd fok nqÿrcdKka jykafia bka wk;=re j ta ms<sn|j lghq;= l< hq;af;a
flfia ±hs Wkajykafia úiska meyeÈ,s lrk ,È'

uydmfoai hkq O¾uh Ydjlhd fyj;a wkq.dñlhd fj; iómjk l%u y;rls' tf,iska
,efnk O¾uh ms<sn|j lghq;= lsÍfï § wkq.ukh l< hq;= l%shd mámdáh úia;r lsÍu
i|yd ziq;af; T;rka;s úkfh ikaÈiaika;sZ hkak Wkajykafia úiska Wmfhda.S lr .kakd
,È' oS>ksldfha uydmßksíndK iQ;%fha o wx.=;a;r ksldfha p;=lal ksmd;fha uydmfoai
iQ;%fha o fï ms<sn| idlÉPd flfrhs' óg wu;rj" wgqjdfjyso tfuka u
fk;a;smamlrKfhys o fï ms<sn| j lreKq olajd we;'

uydmßksíndK iQ;%fhys tk i;r uydmfoai nqÿrcdKka jykafia fNda. k.rfhys wdkJo

fÉ;sh kï ia:dkfha § wdkkao ysñhka wrUhd foaYkd lr we;'

zzuyfKks" fï Ydikfhys hï NsCIqjla" weje;aks" O¾uh fuh hs" úkh fuh

hs" nqoaO Ydikh fuh hehs nqÿrcdKka jykafia yuqfjys isg ;uka úiska wik
,oafoa h" nqÿrcdKka jykafia yuqfjys § ms<s.kakd ,oafoa hehs m%ldY l< o
tmuKska th ms<s.ekSu fyda m%;sfCIam lsÍu fyda fkdl< hq;=h' tu NsCIqjf.a
jpkh ms<s.ekSu o m%;f
s CIam lsÍu o fkdfldg tu m%ldYfhys mo jHxck
uekúka bf.k iQ;%fhys nyd,sh hq;h
= " úkfhys iei¢h hq;=h' bÈka iQ;f
% hys
nyd,k úg úkfhys ii|k úg iQ;%fhys nyd,sh fkdyels kï úkfhys
iei¢h fkdyels kï taldka;fhka th nqÿrcdKka jykfiaf.a jpkh hehs
jrojd fkd.; hq;=h' bÈka iQ;%fhys nyd,sh yels kï úkfhys iei|sh yels
kï th Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiaf.a jpkh hehs .; hq;=h'ZZ3

fï whqßka O¾uh jHdma; jk l%u y;rla y;rla uydmfoai kñka uydmßksíndK

iQ;%fhys fmkajd fohs'

1. nqoaOdmfoai - fuh nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.ka wik ,È'4

2. ix>dmfoai - fuh uyd ix>hdfhka wik ,È'5
3. uydf:rdmfoai - fuh tla wdjdihl jik fndfyda f;rekaf.ka wik ,È'6
4. talf:rdmfoai - fuh tla f:rlf.ka wik ,È'7

uydpd¾h T,sj¾ wfíkdhl uy;d fuys tk ziq;af; T;rka;s úkfh ikaÈiaika;sZ hkak
ú.%y lrñka ziq;af;Z hkafkka ziQ;%Z hkak .; fkdyels nj fmkajd fohs' thg fya;=j
jYfhka t;=ud olajkafka iq;af;a T;dfr;índks hk mdGh nqÿrcdKka jyafiaf.a foaYkd
mdGhla ùu;a th ;%smsglh ix.dhkd ùug m%:u isÿlrk ,oaola jQjla ùu;a h' tfia
fyhska iq;af; hkafkka iQ;% msglh .; fkdyelsh' tneúka" fk;a;smamlrKfhys fï
ms<sn|j bÈßm;a lrk lreKq úuid ne,sh hq;=h' tys ziq;af; T;dfr;índks úkfh
ikaoiafi ;índksZ hkak ú.%y ù we;af;a fufia h'

l;iañx iq;af; T;drhs;índks@ p;=iq wßhiÉfÉiq'

l;uiañx úkfh ikaoiaihs;índks@ rd.úkfh" fodiúkfh" fudyúkfh'

fï wkqj iq;af; T;rka;s úkfh ikaÈiaika;s hkakg jvd;a WÑ; jkafka

fk;a;smamlrKfhys olakg we;s w¾:újrKh hs' tkï ziQ;% hkq p;=rd¾h i;Hhs' úkh
hkq rd.úkh" fodiúkh yd fudayúkh hsZ' nj uydpd¾h T,sj¾ wíkdhl u;yd fmkajd
fohs' tneúka iQ;% foaYkdjkayso yuqjk Y%djl NdIs; nqoaO NdIs; f,i .ekSfuys lsisÿ
jrola kHdhd;aul j o fkdue;s nj ;yjqre fjhs' fuys oS wmf.a wjOdkh fhduq jkafka
wNsOïu kñka isÿ ù we;s foaYkd ms<sn|j hs'

uydf.daiså. iQ;%fhys ießhq;a ysñhka yd uydfud.a.,a,dk ysñhka w;r we;sjk

ixjdohla ±lafjhs' th wNsO¾u l:djla f,i tys i|yka lr we;'

weje;a Ydßmq;%fhks" fï Ydikfhys NsCIQyq fofofkla wNsO¾u l:d

flfr;a' Tyqq Tjqfkdjqka m%Yak wi;a' Tjqfkdjqka úiska m%Yak wik ,oaodyq
úi|;a' Tyq Tjqfkdjqka m%Yak wi;a' Tjqfkdjqka m%Yak wik ,oaodyq úi|;a'8

jk.; jQ NsCIqj jeä ÿrg;a O¾uh iy úkh ms<sn| wOHhkhkays kshe,sh hq;= nj
fmkajd fok wjia:djla u'ks' lska;s iQ;%fhys i|yka fjhs' fuys tk zwNsOïuZ hkak
i;a;siafndaêmdCIsl O¾u oelaùu i|yd fhdok ,oaola nj tu iQ;% ú.%yfhka ;yjqre fjhs'

weje;aks" wdrKHhl uyKyq úiska wNsO¾umsglfhys o úkhmsglfhys o

fm< úiska wgqjd úiska fhda. lghq;= h' weje;aks" wdrKHhl uyKyq
wNsO¾ufhys wNsúkfhys mek mq¿jqiakdyq we;' bÈka weje;aks"
wdrKHhl uyK wNsO¾ufhys wNsúkfhys mek mq¿jqiakd ,ÿfha
iïmdokh fldg fkd lshfyhs o" tl,ays Tyqg kq.=K lshkakdyq fj;s' '''
tfyhska wdrKHhl uyKyq úiska wNsO¾ufhys wNsúkfhys fhda.
lghq;af;a he'9

tfuka u O¾uh ms<sn| NsCIQka w;r úúO u;s u;dka;r we;a kï tajd fjk;a fndfyda
NsCIQka iu. idlÉPd fldg ksrjq,a lr.; hq;= nj o fmkajd fohs'10 iu.s j jdo újdo
fkdfldg yslañh hq;= wdldrh fuys olajd we;'
 ;jo uyfKks" iu.% j i;=gq fjñka újdo fkd flfrñka yslafuk ta
f;dm w;=frka NsCIQyq fofofkla ta wNsO¾ufhys kdkdjdo we;a;dyq
fj;s'11

hï lreKla jerÈ f,i w¾: olaj;a kï th m%;sfCIam l< hq ;= nj;a ksjerÈj

w¾: olaj;a kï th ms<s.; hq;= nj;a tu iQ;%fhys olajd we;'

fufia kmqre fldg .kakd ,oao kmqre fldg .kakd ,o fyhska Oeßh hq;=
h' ukdfldg .kakd ,oao ukdfldg .kakd ,o fyhska Oeßh hq;= h'
ÿ.a.yS;h ÿ.a.yS;h f,iska Ord iq.a.yS;h iq.a.yS;h fyhska Ord hï
O¾ufhla hï úkfhla fõo" ta ^O¾uúkh& lshhq;af;a hs'12

tmuKla o fkdj wNsO¾ufhys yslaukakg fkdyels idufKar f;u Wmiïmodfjys

fkdmsysgq úh hq;= nj uydj.a.md,sfhys ±lafõ'

uyfKks" lreKq milska hq;a uyKyq úiska Wmimka fkd l< hq;= h'
ksiaih fkd Èh hq;= h' idufKr f;fï Wmia:dk fkd l< hq;= h'
w;ejeishd fyda ioaêúydßlhd fyda iiqka ms<sfj;g iqÿiq wdpdrYsCIdfjys
yslaujkakg" ud¾.n%yaup¾hg wdÈ jQ islmofhys yslaukakg" wNsO¾ufhys
yslaujkakg" ish¿ úkhmsglfhys yslaujkakg" Wmka ñiÈgq O¾udkql+,j
f;dr lrkakg" fmdfydi;a jQfha fkdfõ o" '''13

by; olajkakg fhÿKq iQ;%hkays tk zwNsOïuZ hkak whs'î' fydk¾ olajd we;af;a O¾uh
ms<sn| jeäÿr ú.%yhla f,ihs' zzThere are those who will question a monk who is forest-
gone on Further Dhamma and Further Discipline.''14 tfuka u zwNsOïfu úfk;=xZ yd
zwNsúkfh úfk;=xZ hkak olajd we;af;a O¾uhg wkq.; lsÍu yd úkhg wkq.; lsÍu
hkqfjks'15 Íia fâúâia iy ´,avkan¾.a zwNsOïfu úfk;=xZ zwNsúkfh úfk;=xZ hkak
mßj¾;kh lr we;af;a zO¾uhg wod<j Wmfoia oSu yd úkhg wod<j Wmfoia oSuZ f,i
hs'16

iQ;%hkays fhoS we;s wNsOïu hkak ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq lsÍfï oS meyeÈ,s jkafka th
O¾uh yd úkh ms<sn| isÿ flfrk .eUqre idlÉPd njhs'17 ta nj u'ks' uydf.daiså.
iQ;%fhka o oS'ks' ix.S;s iQ;%fhka o ikd: fjhs" zwNsOïfu wNsúkfh W<drmdfudÊfcdZ"
zwNsO¾ufhys wNsúkfhys nyq, m%fudaoh we;af;a fjhs'Z'18

ta wkqj" nyqY%e; NsCIQka w;r O¾uh ms<sn| isÿ jQ .eUqre idlÉPd wNsO¾uh f,i ie,lsh
yelsh' tu ish,q b.ekaùï úêu;aj iïmdokh fldg zwNsO¾uhZ kñka fjku msglhla
;=kajk O¾u ix.dkdfõoS wkqu; ù we;' iQ;%d.; b.ekaùï ñksid ;=< mj;akd f,daN yd
fodai uQ<hka CIh fldg fudayfhka w;óoSu i|yd h' úkh msglh jkdys p¾hd;aul j
ñksid ;=, mj;akd f,daN" fodai yd fuday bj;a flfrkakls' tfy;a wNsO¾uh ukdys
fudayh ke;s fldg tu.ska we;sjkakd jQ {dkfhka f,daNh yd fodaih ke;s lSÍu i|yd
jk O¾uh ls' tneúka ie±yej;=kaf.a O¾u {dkh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd fuu b.ekaùï
w;sYhska m%fhackj;a jk fyhska Tjqkaf.a Y%oaOdj ;j ÿrg;a j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd ms<s.;
yels ksOdk l:d wgqjdpdÍka jykafia úiska iïmdokh lrk ,o nj fmkajd Èh yelsh'

1
Attasālinī, vol. i, Maung Tin (tra.), PTS, pp. 18-20
2
Abhidharmakosabhasya, vol. i, Leo M. Pruden (trans.), 1991, p. xlvii
3
oS'ks' ii, 192 msg
zziïuqLd fu;x wdjqfid N.jf;d iq;x" iïuqLd má.a.ys;x" whx Oïfud whx úkfhd box iF:qidikka;sZZ
;iai NsCLfj NsCLqfkd Ndis;x fkj wNskkaÈ;ínx k málafldis;ínx' wkNskkaÈFjd wmamálafldisFjd
;dks monH[ackdks idOqlx W.a.fyFjd iq;af; T;dfr;índks úkfh iJoiafi;índks' ;dks fp iq;af;
T;dßhudkdks úkfh iJoiaishudkdks k fpj iq;af; T;rka;s p úkfh iJoiaiska;s" ksÜGfuF:
.ka;ínx( woaOd box k fpj ;iai N.jf;d jpkx" buiai p NsCLqfkd ÿ.a.ys;ka;s' b;s fy;x Ns CLfj
PâfvHd:' ;dks fp iq;af; T;dßhudkdks úkfh iJoiaiShudkdks iq;af; fpj T;rka;s úkfh p
iJÈiaika;s" ksÜGfuF: .ka;ínx( zwoaOd box ;iai N.jf;d jpkx.' buiai p NsCLqfkd iq.a.ys;zka;s'
4
tu"
iïuqLd fu;x N.jf;d iq;x'
5
tu"
;iai fu ix>iai iïuqLd iq;x'
6
tu"
f;ix fu f:rdkx iïuqLd iq;x'
7
tu"
;iai f:riai iïuqLd iq;x'
8
u'ks' i, nqcuq' 522 msg
bOdjqfid idßmq;a; oafj NsCLq wNsOïul:x lf:ka;s" f; w[a[u[a[x m[ayx mqÉPka;s"
w[a[u[a[iai m[ayx mqÜGd úiaiÊfcka;s fkd p ixidfoka;s" Oïó p fkix l:d mj;a;kS fyd;s'
9
u'ks' iii, nqcuq' 232 msg
wdr[a[flk wdjqfid NsCLqkd wNsOïfu wNsúkfh fhdf.d lrKSfhd' ika;djqfid wdr[a[lx NsCLqx
wNsOïfu wNsúkfh m[ayx mqÉý;dfrd' ifp wdjqfid wdr[a[fld NsCLq wNsOïfu wNsúkfh m[ayx
mqÜfGd k iïmdh;s" ;iai Njka;s p;a;dfrd ''' ;iaud wdr[a[flk NsCLqkd wNsOïfu wNsúkfh fhdf.d
lrKSfhd'
10
I.B. Horner (trans.), Middle Length Sayings, iii, p. 25 (Qtd. Abhidharmakosabhasya, vol. i, Leo M. Pruden
(trans.), 1991, p. xlvii-xxxvi)
But when you, monks, all together, in harmony and without contention have trained yourselves in these,
there might be two monks speaking differently about Further-Dhamma.
11
u'ks' iii, nqcuq' 46 msg
 f;i[ap fjd NsCLfj" iu.a.dkx iïfudoudkdkx wújoudkdkx isCÅ;x" ;F: ishqx oafj NsCLq wNsOïfu
kdkdjdod'
12
u'ks' iii, nqcuq' 46 msg
b;s ÿ.a.ys;x ÿ.a.ys;f;d Odfr;ínx iq.a.ys;x iq.a.ys;f;d Odfr;ínx ÿ.a.ys;x ÿ.a.ys;f;d OdfrFjd
iq.a.ys;x iq.a.ys;f;d OdfrFjd fhd Oïfud fhd úkfhd fid Ndis;ífnd'
13
uydj.a.md,s" nqcuq" 160 msg
wmfrysms NsCLfj m[apåf.ys iukakd.f;k NsCLqkd k Wmiïmdfo;ínx' k ksiaifhd od;ífnd' k
idufKfrd WmÜGdfm;ífnd" k mánf,d fyd;s wkaf;jdisx jd ioaêúydßx jd wdNsiudpdßldh isCLdh
isCLdfm;=x" wdÈn%yaupßhsldh isCLdh úfk;=x" wNsOïfu úfk;=x" wNsúkfh úfk;=x" Wmamkakx ÈÜÀ.;x
Oïuf;d úfjfp;=x" bfuys fLd NsCLfj m[apyåf.ys iukakd.f;k NsCLqkd k Wmiïmdfo;ínx '''
14
I.B. Horner (trans.), Middle Length Sayings, ii, p.145 (Qtd. Abhidharmakosabhasya, vol. i, Leo M. Pruden
(trans.), 1991, p. xlvii-xxxvi)
15
to lead him in what pertains to dhamma, to lead him what pertains to discipline
I.B. Horner, SBB XIV, p.84 (Qtd. Abhidharmakosabhasya, vol. i, Leo M. Pruden (trans.), 1991, p. xlvii-
xxxvi)
16
to instruct him in what pertains to the Dhamma, to instruct him in what pertains to the Dhamma (Vinaya).
Rhys-Davids and Oldenburg, SBE, XIII, pp. 184-5 (Qtd. Abhidharmakosabhasya, vol. i, Leo M. Pruden
(trans.), 1991, p. xlvii-xxxvi)
17
in the advanced teaching of both Doctrine and Discipline
T.W. and C.A.F. Rhys Davids, SBB, XC IV, p. 246 (Qtd. Abhidharmakosabhasya, vol. i, Leo M. Pruden
(trans.), 1991, p. xlvii-xxxvi)
18
È'ks' iii, nqcuq' 458 msg