PE 2 – Rhythmic Activities

Activity Title/Topic: Brief History and Nature of Dance

Objective/s:
1. Discuss the nature and background of the different dances;
2. Assess Health-Related Fitness (HRF) status by taking the Health-Related Fitness Test; and
3. Recognize the importance of different dances as a form of physical activity by finding solutions to
barriers that hinders the activity.
Reference/s: https://www.britannica.com/art/dance,
Manual in Philippine Folk Dance; University of Southern Mindanao

Background Information for Learners/Panimula (Susing Konsepto)

Dance is the movement of the body in a rhythmic way, usually to music and within a given space, for the
purpose of expressing an idea or emotion, releasing energy, or simply taking delight in the movement itself. Dance is
considered the mirror of the society because it responds to historical and religious events as well as social and political
statements.
Fitness is a universal concern. Whatever endeavors we’re in, whatever activities we do, our fitness should
always be taken into account if we are to perform them effectively and efficiently. Fitness is not just for athletes,
sportsmen, and physical education teachers and fitness instructors. It’s also a concern of students, parents, and other
members of the community. If we are to become strong and productive members of the community, we must address the
very basic requirement of such goal, the sustaining base of any endeavor we undertake, fitness.
This LAS introduces you to the value of different dances in the enhancement of your fitness. You will be
provided with different activities which will in turn lead to a greater awareness of the right foods to eat and proper ways
to manage the opportunities to maximize the enhancement of your fitness through different types of dances. It is
expected thereafter that such practices will be used by you to influence the lifestyle and fitness practices of your
immediate family.

NATURE OF DANCES

 Traditional Dance – it is divided into two different dances:

a. Folk Dance – it is the traditional dance of an indigenous society that depicts the
cultural characteristics of a specific people of a given time and place.

Folk dance deals with the usual traditions of the past by which a multitude of
national characteristic in music steps, and costumes are preserved.

b. Ethnic Dance – these dances reflects the peculiar characteristics of a specific

tribes specially their cultural, racial, religious and traditional similarities.
Although the movement patterns are not specific, this dance is seldom classified
as a folk dance.

 Modern and Contemporary

Modern dance is a development that is less formal that a classical ballet.

Contemporary dance is a style that combines elements of several dance genre

including modern, jazz, lyrical, and classical ballet. Contemporary dancers strive
to connect the mind and the body through fluid dance movements. It incorporates
the strong legwork and balance of ballet and the trunk movements of modern
dance.

 Ballroom Dance
 It is a social dancing performed by couples in a close facing position with partners held as if in a close
embrace. The couple move to the music using step-patterns and rhythms that match the character of a given song. It is
classified into (2) two: Modern Standard Dances and Latin American Dances. Competitive Ballroom dancing is now
known as Dance Sports (from “dance” and “sport”).

Classifications and Types of Ballroom Dances

MODERN STANDARD DANCES LATIN AMERICAN DANCES
Slow Waltz Cha-cha-cha
Tango Rumba
Viennese Waltz Samba
Foxtrot Paso Doble
Quickstep Jive/Boogie
Swing
Merengue
Salsa
Mambo

COMPETITIVE BALLROOM DANCES

Slow Waltz Cha-cha-cha
Tango Rumba
Viennese Waltz Samba
Foxtrot Paso Doble
Quickstep Jive/Boogie

 Cheer Dance

Cheer dance- Is coined from the words cheer and dance.

To Cheer is to shout out words or phrases that may well motivate team and
perform better during the Game. Dance, on the other hand, is a physical
activity where one expresses emotions or gestures while performing bodily
movement usually In Time with rhythm.

Cheerleading is an activity in which the participants

(called "cheerleaders") cheer for their team as a form of encouragement. It
can range from chanting slogans to intense physical activity. It can be
performed to motivate sports teams, to entertain the audience, or for
competition. Competitive routines typically range anywhere from one to
three minutes, and contain components of tumbling, dance, jumps, cheers, and stunting.

Cheer dancing is rooted from cheerleading. Cheerleading as we all know developed in the United States
of America. The difference between Cheerleading and Cheer dancing is that cheerleading has its foundation in
Gymnastics. And as for Cheer dance, its foundation lies in the Choreography where Ballet seems to be its foundation.

 Hip-hop / Street Dance

It is a cultural movement best known for its impact on music in the

form of the musical genre of the same name. It has its origin in the Bronx, in New
York City, during the 1970s, mostly among African Americans and some influence
of Latin Americans.

Other Elements of Hip-

4 pillars of Hip-hop
hop

Rapping
Beat boxing
DJ-ing
Hip-hop fashion
Graffiti Art
Hip-hop slang
B-boying (Break dancing)
 Festival Dance

Are cultural dances performed to the strong beats of percussion instruments

by a community of people sharing the same culture usually done in honor of a patron
saint or in thanksgiving of a bountiful harvest. Festival dances may be religious or
secular in nature. But the best thing about festivals is that they add to the merry-
making and festivities where they are celebrated, the reason why they are called
festival dances after all. Festivals draw the people’s culture by portraying the people’s
ways of life through movements, costume and implements inherent to their place of
origin.

Religious Festivals
Name Place of Origin Religious Figure honored Month celebrated
Secular Festivals
Name Place of Origin Industry Month
Sinulog Festival Cebu City Sto. Niño January celebrated

Dinagyang festival Iloilo City Sto. Niño January

Bangus Festival Dagupan, Pangasinan Milk fish industry April – May
Ati-atihan Festival Kalibo, Aklan Sto. Niño January
Higantes Festival Angono, Rizal Saint Clement November
T’nalak festival Koronadal City Colorful Abaca January
Sangyaw
Masskara Festival
Festival Tacloban
Bacolod City
City Sto.
MaskNiño
(Sugar Industry) July October
Panagbenga Festival Baguio City Flower industry Febrauary

Mango Festival Iba, Zambales Mango industry April

Benefits of Dancing

Dancing allows people to be more physically, mentally, emotionally, and socially dynamic. It is also
another way to have fun while exercising. Dancing is a whole-body workout for people who would like to explore their
creative side as well as their athletic or sporty side.

Here are some physical, mental, emotional, or spiritual, and social benefits that can derived from
dancing.
A. Physical Benefits

1. Provides cardiovascular conditioning, which lowers blood pressure and the risk of heart disease; aids in weight
control
2. Boosts bone density along with muscular strength and coordination
3. Improves balance, stamina, core stability, and flexibility that help keep the muscles and joints healthy
4. Maintains and improves body coordination
5. Enhances muscular strength and endurance
6. Promotes good posture and lowers back pain
7. Reduces excess body fat which intern reduces the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and heart
disease

B. Mental Benefits
 1. Improves mental alertness and sharpness
2. Reduces the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia
3. Helps enhance decision making skills
4. Reduces stress, depression, and loneliness

C. Emotional or Spiritual Benefits

1. Makes one feel better and more alert
2. Promotes a feeling of inner peace and healing, harmony, joy, and vitality
3. Offers a creative avenue to express oneself

D. Social Benefits
1. Improves self-esteem, confidence, and self-worth
2. Brings together people who share a common interest
3. Stablishes new friendships, connections, and eventually a support network
4. Opens new career opportunities
5. Offers insight to other culture, traditions, and mores

PHYSICAL FITNESS TEST

This activity aims to determine your fitness level.This will help you identify your strength and weaknesses for
you to develop and improve. It will also provide baseline data for the selection of physical activities for enhancement of
health and skill performance. Also, to gather data for the development of norms and standards which will serve as your
motivation, guide in selecting sports for recreation, competition, and lifetime fitness.

HEALTH RELATED FITNESS

Body Composition – is the body’s relative amount of fat to free-fat mass

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Formula: WEIGHT ( in Kilograms)

HEIGHT ( in meters)2

Example: 30
= 20.83 (NORMAL)
(1.20)2
CLASSIFICATION
Below 18.5 Underweight
18.5 – 24.9 Normal
25.0 – 29.9 Overweight
30.0 above Obese
1. Weight – the heaviness or lightness of a person.

Equipment
Weighing or bathroom scale calibrated properly.

Procedure
a. Wear light clothing before weighing.
b. On bear feet, stand erect and still with weight evenly distributed on the center of the scale.
Scoring – record body mass to the nearest 0.5 kilograms.

2. Height – the distance between the feet on the floor to the top of the
head in standing position.

Equipment
1. Tape measure laid flat to a concrete wall where zero point starts on
the floor.
2. L-square; and
3. An even and firm floor and flat wall.

Procedure
a. Stand erect on bare feet with heels, buttock and shoulders pressed against the wall where the tape measure is
attached.
b. Place the L-square against the wall with the base at the top of the head of the person being tested. Make sure
that the L-square when placed on the top of the head of the student, is straight and parallel to the floor.
 c. Record the score in meters

Scoring – record the standing height to the nearest 0.1 centimeter

*** 1 meter = 100 centimeters

Flexibility – is the ability of the joints and muscles t move through its full rang
of motion.

ZIPPER TEST

Score Standard Interpretation

5 Fingers overlapped by 6 cm and above Excellent
4 Fingers overlapped by 4 – 5.9 cm. Very good
3 Fingers overlapped by 2 – 3.9 cm. Good
2 Fingers overlapped by 0.1 – 1.9 cm. Fair
1 Just touced the fingers Needs improvement
0 Gap of 0.1 or wider Poor
Purpose – to test the flexibility of the shoulder girdle.
Equipment:
Ruler

Procedure

For the tester:

a. Stand erect.
b. Raise your right arm, bend your elbow, and reach down across your back as far as possible, to test the
right shoulder; extend your left arm down and behind your back, bend your elbow up across your back,
and try to reach/across your fingers over those of your right hand as if to pull a zipper or scratch
between the shoulder blades.
c. To test the left shoulder, repeat procedures a and b with the left hand over the left shoulder.

For the partner:

a. Observe whether the fingers touched or overlapped each other, if not measure the gap between the
middle fingers of both hands.
b. Record the distance in centimeter.
Scoring – record zipper test to the nearest 0.1 kilograms.

SIT-AND-REACH

Purpose – to test the flexibility of the lower extremities (particularly the trunk).
Equipment:
Tape measure or meter stick

Procedure

For the tester:

a. Sit on the floor with back, head and shoulders flat on the wall.
Feet are 12 inches apart.
b. Interlock thumbs and position the tip of the fingers on the floor without bending the elbows.
c. After the partner has positioned the zero point of the tape measure/meter stick, (at the top of the middle
finger), the tester starts the test by sliding the hands slowly forward without jerking, trying to reach the
farthest distance possible without bending the knees.
d. Bouncing or jerking movement is not allowed.
e. Do it twice.

For the partner:

a. As the tester assumes the (b) procedure, point the zero point on the tape measure at the tip of the fingers
of the tester.
 b. See to it that the knees are not bent as the performer slides the farthest distance that he/she could.
c. Record the farthest distance reached in centimeters.
Scoring – record farthest distance reached in centimeters.

Score Standard Interpretation

5 61 cm and above Excellent
4 46 – 60.0 cm Very good
3 31 – 45.9 cm Good
2 16 – 30.9 cm Fair
1 0 – 15.9 cm Needs improvement

3-minute Step Test

Purpose – to measure cardiovascular endurance.

Equipment:
1. Step – 12 inches (for secondary)
2. Stop watch

Procedure
For the tester:

a. Stand at least one foot away from the step or bench with
trunk erect and eyes looking straight ahead.
b. Locate your pulse, and when the signal “Go”, start to get
your initial heart rate. Count the pulse beat for 10 seconds
and multiply it by 6.
c. The first step of the sequence should be alternate. At the signal “Go”, step up and down the step/bench
for 3 minutes. Observe proper breathing (inhale through the nose, exhale through the mouth).
d. Immediately after the exercise, stand and locate your pulse and in five (5) seconds, or at a signal, start to
get your heart rate.
e. Don’t talk while taking the pulse rate.
f. Count the pulse beat for 10 seconds and multiply it by 6.
For the partner:

a. As the tester assumes the position in front of the step, signal “Ready” and “Go”, start the stopwatch for
3-minute step test.
b. After the test, allow the performer to locate his/her pulse in 5 seconds.
c. Give the signal to count the pulse.
d. Let the performer count his/her pulse beat for 10 seconds and multiply it by 6.

Scoring – record 60-second heart rate after the activity.

Push-up
Purpose – to measure the strength of the upper extremities.
Equipment:
Exercise mats or any clean mats.

Procedure
For the tester:

a. Lie down on the mat; face down in standard push-up position:

palms on the mat about shoulder width, fingers pointing forward,
and legs straight, parallel, and slightly apart, with toes supporting
the feet.

b. FOR BOYS: strengthen the arms, keeping the back of the knees
straight, then lower the arms until there is a 90-degree angle at the elbows (upper arms are parallel to the
floor).

FOR GIRLS: With knees in contact with the floor, strengthen the arms, keeping the back of the knees
straight, then lower the arms until there is a 90-degree angle at the elbows (upper arms are parallel to the
floor).
c. Perform as many repetitions as possible, maintaining a cadence of 20 push-ups per minute. (2 seconds
going down and 1 second going up).
d. A maximum of 50 push-ups for boys and 25push-ups for girls.

Scoring – record the number of push-ups made.

Standard
Score Boys/Girls Interpretation
(Secondary)
5 33 and above Excellent
4 25 – 32 Very good
3 17 – 24 Good
2 9 – 16 Fair
1 1–8 Needs improvement
0 Cannot execute Poor

Basic Plank

Purpose – to measure the strength/stability of the core muscles.

Equipment: Exercise mats or any clean mats, stopwatch/time piece.

Procedure:
a. Assume a push-up position. Rest the body on forearms with palms and fingers flat on the floor. Elbows
are aligned with the shoulders.
b. Legs are straight with ankles, knees and thighs touching together.
c. Support weight on forearms and toes; make sure that your back is flat. Head, neck and spine are in a
straight line.
d. Keep abdominals engaged/contracted; do not let your stomach drop or allow hips to rise.

Scoring – record the time in the nearest second/minute. Maximum of 90 seconds for boys and girls.

Standard
Score Boys/Girls Interpretation
(Secondary)

5 51 seconds and above Excellent

4 46 - 50 seconds Very good

3 31 - 45 seconds Good

2 16 – 30 seconds Fair

1 1 – 15 seconds Needs improvement

IDENTIFICATION
Direction: Identify the dance as shown in the picture. Write your answer on a yellow sheet of paper.

1. 6.

2. 7.

3. 8.

4. 9.

5. 10.

MULTIPLE CHOICE
Direction: Write only the letter of the correct answer on a yellow sheet of paper.
1. It is the traditional dance of an indigenous society that depicts the cultural characteristics of a specific people of
a given time and place.
a. Dance c. Folk Dance
b. Festival dance d. Contemporary dance
2. It is usually to motivate sports teams, entertain audience, or the actual competition.
a. Ballroom dance c. Hip hop dance
b. Cheer dance d. Festival dance
3. It is usually celebrating good harvest or good fortune.
a. Harvest dances c. Farmer dances
 b. Festival dances d. Muslim dances
4. The following are Pillars of Hip-hop, except:
a. Beat boxing c. Rapping
b. DJ-ing d. Graffiti Art
5. How can one best benefit from dancing activities?
a. They help one achieve a personally active lifestyle
b. They develop one’s awareness of his own and others culture
c. They contribute to the enhancement of community awareness
d. All of the above
6. The following are Mental benefits of dancing, except:
a. Helps enhance decision making skills
b. Reduces stress, depression, and loneliness
c. Offers a creative avenue to express oneself
d. Reduces the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia
7. Which of the following Ballroom dances are not used in competition for Latin-American category?
a. Cha-cha-cha c. Rumba
b. Jive d. Swing
8. What type of dance development is less formal that a classical ballet?
a. Dance c. Festival Dance
b. Folk dance d. Contemporary dance
9. Hip-hop/street dance is a cultural movement best known for its impact on music in the form of the musical genre
of the same name. Which of the following is not a Pillar of Hip-hop dance?
a. Break dancing c. Cheers
b. DJ-ing d. Rapping
10. Which of the following religious festivals does not commemorate the feast of Sto. Niño?
a. Ati-atihan Festival c. Higantes Festival
b. Dinagyang Festival d. Sinulog Festival