Hydrogen fuel cell technology:

a European perspective
16 February 2022 | 09:00-09:55 CET / 08:00-08:55 GMT

Panellist documents Part of

Maritime
Page 2: Paul Turner, CMB.Tech Hybrid, Electric
& Hydrogen
Page 7: Grzegorz Pawelec, Hydrogen Europe
Fuel Cells
Page 19: Rolf A. Sandvik, Northern Xplorer
Webinar Week
Page 27: Alexandre Bellot, LMG Marin
15-18 February 2022

In association with
Maritime Hybrid, Electric & Hydrogen Fuel Cells Webinar Week
Hydrogen - the Path to Net Zero?
Paul Turner, Managing Director - CMB.Tech
 Amsterdam
Lowesoft
Brentwood Hamburg
Antwerp
Tokyo
Headquarters
Hong Kong
Offices

Singapore
Hydrogen – How do we use it?
• IMO target - we have 8 years from today to cut our CO2 emissions by at least 40%!

• The answer is hydrogen – The question is, how best to use it?

Inland Waterways & Near-shore

Combustion Gas Operations
Engines?

Liquid Short Sea Operations

Fuel Cells?
Ammonia
/ E-Fuels
Deep Sea Operations
The Key is to use the right technology
for the right application!
 Hydrogen in Marine - Our Timeline
Ammonia-Diesel
HydroVille passenger Antwerp H2 Refuelling HydroCat CTV - Nov. HydroTug – Antwerp Container Concept –
shuttle - Nov. 2017 Station - June 2021 2021 tractor tug - Q1 2023 2025/2025

2015 2022 2030

BeHydro Dual-fuel HydroBingo passenger Shore-2-Ship Refuelling – Ammonia-Diesel Bulker

engine - Oct. 2020 ferry - Aug. 2021 Approved for Amsterdam Concept – 2023/2024

Offshore Refueller Concept Power Barge Concept Onboard Monofuel Genset Conept
Roadblocks
• We have to start along the path and make changes now…

• Infrastructure/supply isn’t ready or reliable (but we need to create some demand first!)

• We face a Legislative block

Using the IGF Code for LNG isn’t appropriate,
Design, Development & Testing but it took ~20 years to build. We need one for
hydrogen tomorrow…
[1-2 Years]
Legislative/Flag Approval
Risk-based analysis with Lloyds
[?? Years]
[2 Years]

• We need to rely on science, not science fiction – legislative bodies need to employ
experts and trust classification societies!
The Way Forward
• Work with legislators to get change happening – embed teams together?

• Be open to change - “Yes, now how do we do it safely?”, not “No, now what’s the
question?”

• Use Dual-fuel solutions to get us started and create some demand for infrastructure

• This isn’t a technical challenge any more, it’s a legislation & commercial challenge
 Q&A
www.cmb.tech
www.cmb.be

Roy Campe
CTO CMB.TECH
roy.campe@cmb.be
+32 471 80 1959

www.cmb.tech
 Hydrogen in the maritime
sector in light of the
Fit for 55 package
16.02.2022

Contact details:
Grzegorz Pawelec
g.pawelec@hydrogeneurope.eu
Who we are

Our Vision
Hydrogen Europe is propelling global carbon neutrality by accelerating the
European hydrogen industry.

Our Mission
Hydrogen Europe is the leading organisation representing European based
companies and stakeholders that are committed to moving towards a (circular)
carbon neutral economy. The association will be the spearhead of hydrogen
industry towards policy and decision makers for hydrogen technology and
applications. Hydrogen Europe effectively supports and facilitates its members in
their transition towards (circular) carbon neutral economy while creating and
maintaining sustainable jobs. Hydrogen Europe drives markets to hydrogen-based
solutions and will remain the industrial key partner of the Clean Hydrogen Joint
Undertaking.

Our Values
The values of Hydrogen Europe are sustainability, integrity, ambition, and
consistency.
Techno-economic assessment of hydrogen-based options

https://hydrogeneurope.eu/product/maritime-technical-report/
Lowest TCO zero-emission option
 Lowest TCO zero-emission option

CH2 LH2 NH3

50,000
Propulsion power [kW]

▪ 90% - e-ammonia
5,000 ▪ 9% - Liquefied H2
▪ 1% - Compressed H2

500
5,000 50,000 500,000 5,000,000 50,000,000

Minimum fuel storage on board [kWh]

 Fit for 55 Impact on hydrogen business case

BEP – break-even point

ETD – Energy Taxation Directive
ETS – Emission Trading System
 7

100
150
200
250
300

50

0
Bulk carrier 0–9,999 dwt
Bulk carrier 10,000–34,999 dwt
Bulk carrier 35,000–59999 dwt
Bulk carrier 60,000–99,999 dwt
Bulk carrier 100,000–199,999 dwt
Bulk carrier 200,000–+ dwt
Chemical tanker 0–4,999 dwt
Chemical tanker 5,000–9,999 dwt
Chemical tanker 10,000–19,999 dwt
Chemical tanker 20,000-39,999 dwt
Chemical tanker 40,000–+ dwt
Container 0–999 TEU
Container 1,000–1,999 TEU

Current ETS CO2 price

Container 2,000–2,999 TEU
Container 3,000–4,999 TEU
Container 5,000–7,999 TEU
Container 8,000–11,999 TEU
Container 12,000–14,500 TEU
Container 14,500–19,999 TEU
Container 20,000+ TEU
General cargo 0–4,999 dwt
General cargo 5,000–9,999 dwt
General cargo 10,000–19,999 dwt
General cargo 19,999+ dwt
Oil tanker 0–4,999 dwt
Oil tanker 5,000–9,999 dwt
Oil tanker 10,000–19,999 dwt
Oil tanker 20,000–59,999 dwt
Oil tanker 60,000–79,999 dwt
Oil tanker 80,000–119,999 dwt
Oil tanker 120,000–199,999 dwt
Oil tanker 200,000–+ dwt
Ferry-pax only 0-299 GT
Ferry-pax only 300-999 GT
Ferry-pax only 1,000-1,999 GT
Ferry-pax only 2000-+ GT
Cruise 0–1,999 GT
Cruise 2,000–9,999 GT
Cruise 10,000–59,999 GT
Cruise 60,000–99,999 GT
Cruise 100,000–149,999 GT
Cruise 150,000+ GT
Ferry – ro-pax 0–1,999 GT
Ferry – ro-pax 2,000-4,999 GT
Ferry – ro-pax 5,000-9,999 GT
Ferry – ro-pax 10,000-19,999 GT
Ferry – ro-pax 20,000-+ GT
Refrigerated bulk 0–1,999 dwt
Refrigerated bulk 2,000-5,999 dwt
CO2 price for hydrogen option to break even with MGO

Refrigerated bulk 6,000-9,999 dwt

Refrigerated bulk 0,000-+ dwt
Ro-ro 0–4,999 dwt
Ro-ro 5,000-9,999 dwt
Ro-ro 10,000-14,999 dwt
Ro-ro 15,000-+ dwt
Vehicle 0-29,999 GT
Vehicle 30,000-49,999 GT
Vehicle 50,000-+ GT
Service – tug 0–+ GT
Fishing 0–+ GT
Offshore 0–+ GT
Service 0–+ GT

CO2 "tax" (in EUR/tCO2)

0
50
150
200
250
300

100

0%
20%
Is inclusion of the maritime sector in the ETS enough?

40%
60%
80%

zero-emission fuel at a given CO2 price

Current ETS CO2 price

% of CO2 emissions from ships that would switch to

100%
 … but there are problems

▪ No specific sub-target for zero emission solutions

▪ Generally rather low level of ambition (at least before 2040)
▪ Loophole allowing green-washing through the use of OPS
Thank you for your attention!

Propelling global carbon neutrality by accelerating the

European hydrogen industry.
A zero-emissions concept for the cruise industry
Regulatory compliance
Regulations are increasingly reflecting these priorities, with zero-emission requirements for the
Norwegian World Heritage fjords set to take effect in 2026, and limits on the number of calls
and passengers allowed ashore soon to be enacted in many locations around the world.

As these trends gain momentum, growth in the explorer segment will rely on innovation, both in
green technologies, and enhanced passenger experience with minimal impact on destination
ecosystems.
Integrated system
While each of these individual technologies are currently available, they have not been integrated into a single system. To achieve
maximum efficiency, the system will operate as follows:

H2
 TECHNOLOGY Northern Xplorer

1 DESIGN CONCEPT
▪ Northern Xplorer’s vessels are designed by Scandinavian naval architects with
expertise in developing low-emission and energy-efficient vessels.
▪ Hull designed for least resistance through the water and optimal passenger
comfort.
▪ Custom-designed for inland and coastal waters, enabling access to smaller and
more remote destinations

2 SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS SELECTION

▪ Superstructure of the vessels will be constructed from recyclable greener
aluminium* - a world-first for the cruise industry.
▪ Interior fittings/hotel accessories where possible will use materials that are partially
or fully recyclable
▪ Strong circular economy mindset (suppliers, onboard art installations, etc.)

*Greener aluminium refers to aluminium with a high content of recycled material and/or produced
using renewable energy.
 TECHNOLOGY Northern Xplorer

3 CLEAN ENERGY (H2, BATTERY, SOLAR, WIND)

▪ Northern Xplorer will be the first cruise company to use hydrogen as a fuel for
propulsion.
▪ Renewable energy sources will be used for both battery charging and onboard
H2 production in a pilot
▪ Using proven technology - ABB Marine, including fuel cell technology energy
storage (battery) infrastructure.

CORE TAKEAWAY
Use of the latest innovative technologies is a major value-differentiator for
each successive newbuilding
Thank you
Fuel cells integration:
Upcoming challenges
and opportunity
Fuel cells integration: Upcoming challenges and opportunity

→ Challenges
• Guaranteeing hydrogen safety

• Increasing hydrogen propulsion max. power

• Increasing hydrogen propulsion max. range

Fuel cells integration: Upcoming challenges and opportunity
Promoting hydrogen safety

→ Provide elements for the safety approval of hydrogen as fuel

NORLED HYDRA
- 440 kW fuel cell system (PEM)
- 5,6 t of LH2 in storage tanks
- 500 kWh batteries
for
- 82 m long vessel
- 80 cars transportation capacity
- Fjord crossing route

WORLD FIRST
Fuel cells integration: Upcoming challenges and opportunity
Promoting hydrogen safety

• Classification society

• Flag state and risk-based design process

?
Fuel cells integration: Upcoming challenges and opportunity
Increasing power

→ Build complex system of multiple fuel cells

Wilhelmsen TOPEKA
- 3 MW fuel cell system (14 PEM)
- 6,3 t of LH2 in storage tanks
- 1 MWh batteries
for
- 132 m long and 24 m wide vessel
- 2000 t cargo capacity
- Coastal Norway Sailing route
Fuel cells integration: Upcoming challenges and opportunity
Increasing power

• Fuel cell stacking and power management

• Common railing for air supply
• DC grids and hybridization with Li-ion batteries

Optimized power FUEL CELL POWER VESSEL

management

DC switchboard

Common auxiliary
service
Fuel cells integration: Upcoming challenges and opportunity
Increasing range

→ Reduce the balance of power, upgrade efficiency and maximize storage capacity

Energy Observer - EOII

- 4 MW fuel cell system (PEM)
- 1450 m2 wing propulsion
- 70 t of LH2 in storage tanks
- 1 MWh batteries
for
- 120 m long and 22 m wide vessel
- 5000 t cargo capacity
- Trans-oceanic Sailing route (4000 nm range)
Fuel cells integration: Upcoming challenges and opportunity
Increasing range

• Hybridization with wind propulsion

• Energy efficiency measures (heat recovery and flexible propulsion)
• Bellow deck LH2 storage

LONG RANGE EFFICIENT H2 VESSEL

FUEL CELL POWER VESSEL

Optimized power Wind propulsion
management +
weather routing
DC
switchboard
Bellow deck
LH2 tanks Common Cogeneration
auxiliary service
Fuel cells integration: Upcoming challenges and opportunity

→ Opportunity
• Most resource efficient e-fuel
• Drastic reduction of pollutants
• Well suited for hybridization (li-ion storage and wind propulsion)

TODAY 2023 2025

Safety approval

Increase Power Increase Range

Norled - Hydra Wilhelmsen - Topeka Energy Observer - EOII